Merge patch series "reduce tasklist_lock hold time on exit and do some pid cleanup"

Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@gmail.com> says:

The clone side contends against exit side in a way which avoidably
exacerbates the problem by the latter waiting on locks held by the
former while holding the tasklist_lock.

Whacking this for both add_device_randomness and pids allocation gives
me a 15% speed up for thread creation/destruction in a 24-core vm.

The random patch is worth about 4%.

The new bottleneck is pidmap_lock itself, with the biggest problem being
the allocation itself taking the lock *twice*.

Bench (plop into will-it-scale):
$ cat tests/threadspawn1.c

char *testcase_description = "Thread creation and teardown";

static void *worker(void *arg)
{
	return (NULL);
}

void testcase(unsigned long long *iterations, unsigned long nr)
{
	pthread_t thread;
	int error;

	while (1) {
		error = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, worker, NULL);
		assert(error == 0);
		error = pthread_join(thread, NULL);
		assert(error == 0);
		(*iterations)++;
	}
}

* patches from https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250206164415.450051-1-mjguzik@gmail.com:
  pid: drop irq disablement around pidmap_lock
  pid: perform free_pid() calls outside of tasklist_lock
  pid: sprinkle tasklist_lock asserts
  exit: hoist get_pid() in release_task() outside of tasklist_lock
  exit: perform add_device_randomness() without tasklist_lock

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250206164415.450051-1-mjguzik@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>

4 files changed, 82 insertions, 57 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/pid.h b/include/linux/pid.h
index 98837a1ff0f3..311ecebd7d56 100644
--- a/include/linux/pid.h
+++ b/include/linux/pid.h
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ extern struct pid *get_task_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type);
  * these helpers must be called with the tasklist_lock write-held.
  */
 extern void attach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type);
-extern void detach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type);
-extern void change_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type,
-			struct pid *pid);
+void detach_pid(struct pid **pids, struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type);
+void change_pid(struct pid **pids, struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type,
+		struct pid *pid);
 extern void exchange_tids(struct task_struct *task, struct task_struct *old);
 extern void transfer_pid(struct task_struct *old, struct task_struct *new,
 			 enum pid_type);
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ extern struct pid *find_ge_pid(int nr, struct pid_namespace *);
 extern struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
 			     size_t set_tid_size);
 extern void free_pid(struct pid *pid);
+void free_pids(struct pid **pids);
 extern void disable_pid_allocation(struct pid_namespace *ns);
 
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/exit.c b/kernel/exit.c
index 0acb94b17caa..fd960a67a4dc 100644
--- a/kernel/exit.c
+++ b/kernel/exit.c
@@ -122,14 +122,22 @@ static __init int kernel_exit_sysfs_init(void)
 late_initcall(kernel_exit_sysfs_init);
 #endif
 
-static void __unhash_process(struct task_struct *p, bool group_dead)
+/*
+ * For things release_task() would like to do *after* tasklist_lock is released.
+ */
+struct release_task_post {
+	struct pid *pids[PIDTYPE_MAX];
+};
+
+static void __unhash_process(struct release_task_post *post, struct task_struct *p,
+			     bool group_dead)
 {
 	nr_threads--;
-	detach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PID);
+	detach_pid(post->pids, p, PIDTYPE_PID);
 	if (group_dead) {
-		detach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_TGID);
-		detach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PGID);
-		detach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_SID);
+		detach_pid(post->pids, p, PIDTYPE_TGID);
+		detach_pid(post->pids, p, PIDTYPE_PGID);
+		detach_pid(post->pids, p, PIDTYPE_SID);
 
 		list_del_rcu(&p->tasks);
 		list_del_init(&p->sibling);
@@ -141,7 +149,7 @@ static void __unhash_process(struct task_struct *p, bool group_dead)
 /*
  * This function expects the tasklist_lock write-locked.
  */
-static void __exit_signal(struct task_struct *tsk)
+static void __exit_signal(struct release_task_post *post, struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
 	struct signal_struct *sig = tsk->signal;
 	bool group_dead = thread_group_leader(tsk);
@@ -174,9 +182,6 @@ static void __exit_signal(struct task_struct *tsk)
 			sig->curr_target = next_thread(tsk);
 	}
 
-	add_device_randomness((const void*) &tsk->se.sum_exec_runtime,
-			      sizeof(unsigned long long));
-
 	/*
 	 * Accumulate here the counters for all threads as they die. We could
 	 * skip the group leader because it is the last user of signal_struct,
@@ -197,7 +202,7 @@ static void __exit_signal(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	task_io_accounting_add(&sig->ioac, &tsk->ioac);
 	sig->sum_sched_runtime += tsk->se.sum_exec_runtime;
 	sig->nr_threads--;
-	__unhash_process(tsk, group_dead);
+	__unhash_process(post, tsk, group_dead);
 	write_sequnlock(&sig->stats_lock);
 
 	tsk->sighand = NULL;
@@ -231,10 +236,13 @@ void __weak release_thread(struct task_struct *dead_task)
 
 void release_task(struct task_struct *p)
 {
+	struct release_task_post post;
 	struct task_struct *leader;
 	struct pid *thread_pid;
 	int zap_leader;
 repeat:
+	memset(&post, 0, sizeof(post));
+
 	/* don't need to get the RCU readlock here - the process is dead and
 	 * can't be modifying its own credentials. But shut RCU-lockdep up */
 	rcu_read_lock();
@@ -243,10 +251,11 @@ repeat:
 
 	cgroup_release(p);
 
+	thread_pid = get_pid(p->thread_pid);
+
 	write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
 	ptrace_release_task(p);
-	thread_pid = get_pid(p->thread_pid);
-	__exit_signal(p);
+	__exit_signal(&post, p);
 
 	/*
 	 * If we are the last non-leader member of the thread
@@ -270,6 +279,9 @@ repeat:
 	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
 	proc_flush_pid(thread_pid);
 	put_pid(thread_pid);
+	add_device_randomness(&p->se.sum_exec_runtime,
+			      sizeof(p->se.sum_exec_runtime));
+	free_pids(post.pids);
 	release_thread(p);
 	/*
 	 * This task was already removed from the process/thread/pid lists
diff --git a/kernel/pid.c b/kernel/pid.c
index 924084713be8..900193de4232 100644
--- a/kernel/pid.c
+++ b/kernel/pid.c
@@ -88,20 +88,6 @@ struct pid_namespace init_pid_ns = {
 };
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_pid_ns);
 
-/*
- * Note: disable interrupts while the pidmap_lock is held as an
- * interrupt might come in and do read_lock(&tasklist_lock).
- *
- * If we don't disable interrupts there is a nasty deadlock between
- * detach_pid()->free_pid() and another cpu that does
- * spin_lock(&pidmap_lock) followed by an interrupt routine that does
- * read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
- *
- * After we clean up the tasklist_lock and know there are no
- * irq handlers that take it we can leave the interrupts enabled.
- * For now it is easier to be safe than to prove it can't happen.
- */
-
 static  __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pidmap_lock);
 seqcount_spinlock_t pidmap_lock_seq = SEQCNT_SPINLOCK_ZERO(pidmap_lock_seq, &pidmap_lock);
 
@@ -128,11 +114,11 @@ static void delayed_put_pid(struct rcu_head *rhp)
 
 void free_pid(struct pid *pid)
 {
-	/* We can be called with write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock) held */
 	int i;
-	unsigned long flags;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&pidmap_lock, flags);
+	lockdep_assert_not_held(&tasklist_lock);
+
+	spin_lock(&pidmap_lock);
 	for (i = 0; i <= pid->level; i++) {
 		struct upid *upid = pid->numbers + i;
 		struct pid_namespace *ns = upid->ns;
@@ -155,11 +141,23 @@ void free_pid(struct pid *pid)
 		idr_remove(&ns->idr, upid->nr);
 	}
 	pidfs_remove_pid(pid);
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pidmap_lock, flags);
+	spin_unlock(&pidmap_lock);
 
 	call_rcu(&pid->rcu, delayed_put_pid);
 }
 
+void free_pids(struct pid **pids)
+{
+	int tmp;
+
+	/*
+	 * This can batch pidmap_lock.
+	 */
+	for (tmp = PIDTYPE_MAX; --tmp >= 0; )
+		if (pids[tmp])
+			free_pid(pids[tmp]);
+}
+
 struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
 		      size_t set_tid_size)
 {
@@ -211,7 +209,7 @@ struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
 		}
 
 		idr_preload(GFP_KERNEL);
-		spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+		spin_lock(&pidmap_lock);
 
 		if (tid) {
 			nr = idr_alloc(&tmp->idr, NULL, tid,
@@ -238,7 +236,7 @@ struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
 			nr = idr_alloc_cyclic(&tmp->idr, NULL, pid_min,
 					      pid_max, GFP_ATOMIC);
 		}
-		spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+		spin_unlock(&pidmap_lock);
 		idr_preload_end();
 
 		if (nr < 0) {
@@ -272,7 +270,7 @@ struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
 
 	upid = pid->numbers + ns->level;
 	idr_preload(GFP_KERNEL);
-	spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+	spin_lock(&pidmap_lock);
 	if (!(ns->pid_allocated & PIDNS_ADDING))
 		goto out_unlock;
 	pidfs_add_pid(pid);
@@ -281,18 +279,18 @@ struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
 		idr_replace(&upid->ns->idr, pid, upid->nr);
 		upid->ns->pid_allocated++;
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&pidmap_lock);
 	idr_preload_end();
 
 	return pid;
 
 out_unlock:
-	spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&pidmap_lock);
 	idr_preload_end();
 	put_pid_ns(ns);
 
 out_free:
-	spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+	spin_lock(&pidmap_lock);
 	while (++i <= ns->level) {
 		upid = pid->numbers + i;
 		idr_remove(&upid->ns->idr, upid->nr);
@@ -302,7 +300,7 @@ out_free:
 	if (ns->pid_allocated == PIDNS_ADDING)
 		idr_set_cursor(&ns->idr, 0);
 
-	spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&pidmap_lock);
 
 	kmem_cache_free(ns->pid_cachep, pid);
 	return ERR_PTR(retval);
@@ -310,9 +308,9 @@ out_free:
 
 void disable_pid_allocation(struct pid_namespace *ns)
 {
-	spin_lock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+	spin_lock(&pidmap_lock);
 	ns->pid_allocated &= ~PIDNS_ADDING;
-	spin_unlock_irq(&pidmap_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&pidmap_lock);
 }
 
 struct pid *find_pid_ns(int nr, struct pid_namespace *ns)
@@ -339,17 +337,23 @@ static struct pid **task_pid_ptr(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type)
  */
 void attach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type)
 {
-	struct pid *pid = *task_pid_ptr(task, type);
+	struct pid *pid;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held_write(&tasklist_lock);
+
+	pid = *task_pid_ptr(task, type);
 	hlist_add_head_rcu(&task->pid_links[type], &pid->tasks[type]);
 }
 
-static void __change_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type,
-			struct pid *new)
+static void __change_pid(struct pid **pids, struct task_struct *task,
+			 enum pid_type type, struct pid *new)
 {
-	struct pid **pid_ptr = task_pid_ptr(task, type);
-	struct pid *pid;
+	struct pid **pid_ptr, *pid;
 	int tmp;
 
+	lockdep_assert_held_write(&tasklist_lock);
+
+	pid_ptr = task_pid_ptr(task, type);
 	pid = *pid_ptr;
 
 	hlist_del_rcu(&task->pid_links[type]);
@@ -364,18 +368,19 @@ static void __change_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type,
 		if (pid_has_task(pid, tmp))
 			return;
 
-	free_pid(pid);
+	WARN_ON(pids[type]);
+	pids[type] = pid;
 }
 
-void detach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type)
+void detach_pid(struct pid **pids, struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type)
 {
-	__change_pid(task, type, NULL);
+	__change_pid(pids, task, type, NULL);
 }
 
-void change_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type,
+void change_pid(struct pid **pids, struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type,
 		struct pid *pid)
 {
-	__change_pid(task, type, pid);
+	__change_pid(pids, task, type, pid);
 	attach_pid(task, type);
 }
 
@@ -386,6 +391,8 @@ void exchange_tids(struct task_struct *left, struct task_struct *right)
 	struct hlist_head *head1 = &pid1->tasks[PIDTYPE_PID];
 	struct hlist_head *head2 = &pid2->tasks[PIDTYPE_PID];
 
+	lockdep_assert_held_write(&tasklist_lock);
+
 	/* Swap the single entry tid lists */
 	hlists_swap_heads_rcu(head1, head2);
 
@@ -403,6 +410,7 @@ void transfer_pid(struct task_struct *old, struct task_struct *new,
 			   enum pid_type type)
 {
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(type == PIDTYPE_PID);
+	lockdep_assert_held_write(&tasklist_lock);
 	hlist_replace_rcu(&old->pid_links[type], &new->pid_links[type]);
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/sys.c b/kernel/sys.c
index cb366ff8703a..4efca8a97d62 100644
--- a/kernel/sys.c
+++ b/kernel/sys.c
@@ -1085,6 +1085,7 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE2(setpgid, pid_t, pid, pid_t, pgid)
 {
 	struct task_struct *p;
 	struct task_struct *group_leader = current->group_leader;
+	struct pid *pids[PIDTYPE_MAX] = { 0 };
 	struct pid *pgrp;
 	int err;
 
@@ -1142,13 +1143,14 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE2(setpgid, pid_t, pid, pid_t, pgid)
 		goto out;
 
 	if (task_pgrp(p) != pgrp)
-		change_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PGID, pgrp);
+		change_pid(pids, p, PIDTYPE_PGID, pgrp);
 
 	err = 0;
 out:
 	/* All paths lead to here, thus we are safe. -DaveM */
 	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
 	rcu_read_unlock();
+	free_pids(pids);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -1222,21 +1224,22 @@ out:
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static void set_special_pids(struct pid *pid)
+static void set_special_pids(struct pid **pids, struct pid *pid)
 {
 	struct task_struct *curr = current->group_leader;
 
 	if (task_session(curr) != pid)
-		change_pid(curr, PIDTYPE_SID, pid);
+		change_pid(pids, curr, PIDTYPE_SID, pid);
 
 	if (task_pgrp(curr) != pid)
-		change_pid(curr, PIDTYPE_PGID, pid);
+		change_pid(pids, curr, PIDTYPE_PGID, pid);
 }
 
 int ksys_setsid(void)
 {
 	struct task_struct *group_leader = current->group_leader;
 	struct pid *sid = task_pid(group_leader);
+	struct pid *pids[PIDTYPE_MAX] = { 0 };
 	pid_t session = pid_vnr(sid);
 	int err = -EPERM;
 
@@ -1252,13 +1255,14 @@ int ksys_setsid(void)
 		goto out;
 
 	group_leader->signal->leader = 1;
-	set_special_pids(sid);
+	set_special_pids(pids, sid);
 
 	proc_clear_tty(group_leader);
 
 	err = session;
 out:
 	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
+	free_pids(pids);
 	if (err > 0) {
 		proc_sid_connector(group_leader);
 		sched_autogroup_create_attach(group_leader);