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2023-06-26jbd2: factor out journal initialization from journal_get_superblock()Zhang Yi
Current journal_get_superblock() couple journal superblock checking and partial journal initialization, factor out initialization part from it to make things clear. Signed-off-by: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Zhihao Cheng <chengzhihao1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230315013128.3911115-6-chengzhihao1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26jbd2: switch to check format version in superblock directlyZhang Yi
We should only check and set extented features if journal format version is 2, and now we check the in memory copy of the superblock 'journal->j_format_version', which relys on the parameter initialization sequence, switch to use the h_blocktype in superblock cloud be more clear. Signed-off-by: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Zhihao Cheng <chengzhihao1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230315013128.3911115-5-chengzhihao1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26jbd2: remove unused feature macrosZhang Yi
JBD2_HAS_[IN|RO_]COMPAT_FEATURE macros are no longer used, just remove them. Signed-off-by: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Zhihao Cheng <chengzhihao1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230315013128.3911115-4-chengzhihao1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: ext4_put_super: Remove redundant checking for 'sbi->s_journal_bdev'Zhihao Cheng
As discussed in [1], 'sbi->s_journal_bdev != sb->s_bdev' will always become true if sbi->s_journal_bdev exists. Filesystem block device and journal block device are both opened with 'FMODE_EXCL' mode, so these two devices can't be same one. Then we can remove the redundant checking 'sbi->s_journal_bdev != sb->s_bdev' if 'sbi->s_journal_bdev' exists. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/f86584f6-3877-ff18-47a1-2efaa12d18b2@huawei.com/ Signed-off-by: Zhihao Cheng <chengzhihao1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230315013128.3911115-3-chengzhihao1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Fix reusing stale buffer heads from last failed mountingZhihao Cheng
Following process makes ext4 load stale buffer heads from last failed mounting in a new mounting operation: mount_bdev ext4_fill_super | ext4_load_and_init_journal | ext4_load_journal | jbd2_journal_load | load_superblock | journal_get_superblock | set_buffer_verified(bh) // buffer head is verified | jbd2_journal_recover // failed caused by EIO | goto failed_mount3a // skip 'sb->s_root' initialization deactivate_locked_super kill_block_super generic_shutdown_super if (sb->s_root) // false, skip ext4_put_super->invalidate_bdev-> // invalidate_mapping_pages->mapping_evict_folio-> // filemap_release_folio->try_to_free_buffers, which // cannot drop buffer head. blkdev_put blkdev_put_whole if (atomic_dec_and_test(&bdev->bd_openers)) // false, systemd-udev happens to open the device. Then // blkdev_flush_mapping->kill_bdev->truncate_inode_pages-> // truncate_inode_folio->truncate_cleanup_folio-> // folio_invalidate->block_invalidate_folio-> // filemap_release_folio->try_to_free_buffers will be skipped, // dropping buffer head is missed again. Second mount: ext4_fill_super ext4_load_and_init_journal ext4_load_journal ext4_get_journal jbd2_journal_init_inode journal_init_common bh = getblk_unmovable bh = __find_get_block // Found stale bh in last failed mounting journal->j_sb_buffer = bh jbd2_journal_load load_superblock journal_get_superblock if (buffer_verified(bh)) // true, skip journal->j_format_version = 2, value is 0 jbd2_journal_recover do_one_pass next_log_block += count_tags(journal, bh) // According to journal_tag_bytes(), 'tag_bytes' calculating is // affected by jbd2_has_feature_csum3(), jbd2_has_feature_csum3() // returns false because 'j->j_format_version >= 2' is not true, // then we get wrong next_log_block. The do_one_pass may exit // early whenoccuring non JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER in 'next_log_block'. The filesystem is corrupted here, journal is partially replayed, and new journal sequence number actually is already used by last mounting. The invalidate_bdev() can drop all buffer heads even racing with bare reading block device(eg. systemd-udev), so we can fix it by invalidating bdev in error handling path in __ext4_fill_super(). Fetch a reproducer in [Link]. Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=217171 Fixes: 25ed6e8a54df ("jbd2: enable journal clients to enable v2 checksumming") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.5 Signed-off-by: Zhihao Cheng <chengzhihao1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230315013128.3911115-2-chengzhihao1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: allow concurrent unaligned dio overwritesBrian Foster
We've had reports of significant performance regression of sub-block (unaligned) direct writes due to the added exclusivity restrictions in ext4. The purpose of the exclusivity requirement for unaligned direct writes is to avoid data corruption caused by unserialized partial block zeroing in the iomap dio layer across overlapping writes. XFS has similar requirements for the same underlying reasons, yet doesn't suffer the extreme performance regression that ext4 does. The reason for this is that XFS utilizes IOMAP_DIO_OVERWRITE_ONLY mode, which allows for optimistic submission of concurrent unaligned I/O and kicks back writes that require partial block zeroing such that they can be submitted in a safe, exclusive context. Since ext4 already performs most of these checks pre-submission, it can support something similar without necessarily relying on the iomap flag and associated retry mechanism. Update the dio write submission path to allow concurrent submission of unaligned direct writes that are purely overwrite and so will not require block zeroing. To improve readability of the various related checks, move the unaligned I/O handling down into ext4_dio_write_checks(), where the dio draining and force wait logic can immediately follow the locking requirement checks. Finally, the IOMAP_DIO_OVERWRITE_ONLY flag is set to enable a warning check as a precaution should the ext4 overwrite logic ever become inconsistent with the zeroing expectations of iomap dio. The performance improvement of sub-block direct write I/O is shown in the following fio test on a 64xcpu guest vm: Test: fio --name=test --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --group_reporting --overwrite=1 --thread --size=10G --filename=/mnt/fio --readwrite=write --ramp_time=10s --runtime=60s --numjobs=8 --blocksize=2k --iodepth=256 --allow_file_create=0 v6.2: write: IOPS=4328, BW=8724KiB/s v6.2 (patched): write: IOPS=801k, BW=1565MiB/s Signed-off-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230314130759.642710-1-bfoster@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: clean up mballoc criteria commentsTheodore Ts'o
Line wrap and slightly clarify the comments describing mballoc's cirtiera. Define EXT4_MB_NUM_CRS as part of the enum, so that it will automatically get updated when criteria is added or removed. Also fix a potential unitialized use of 'cr' variable if CONFIG_EXT4_DEBUG is enabled. Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: make ext4_zeroout_es() return voidBaokun Li
After ext4_es_insert_extent() returns void, the return value in ext4_zeroout_es() is also unnecessary, so make it return void too. Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-13-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: make ext4_es_insert_extent() return voidBaokun Li
Now ext4_es_insert_extent() never return error, so make it return void. Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-12-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: make ext4_es_insert_delayed_block() return voidBaokun Li
Now it never fails when inserting a delay extent, so the return value in ext4_es_insert_delayed_block is no longer necessary, let it return void. [ Fixed bug which caused system hangs during bigalloc test runs. See https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230612030405.GH1436857@mit.edu for more details. -- TYT ] Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-11-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: make ext4_es_remove_extent() return voidBaokun Li
Now ext4_es_remove_extent() never fails, so make it return void. Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-10-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: using nofail preallocation in ext4_es_insert_extent()Baokun Li
Similar to in ext4_es_insert_delayed_block(), we use preallocations that do not fail to avoid inconsistencies, but we do not care about es that are not must be kept, and we return 0 even if such es memory allocation fails. Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-9-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: using nofail preallocation in ext4_es_insert_delayed_block()Baokun Li
Similar to in ext4_es_remove_extent(), we use a no-fail preallocation to avoid inconsistencies, except that here we may have to preallocate two extent_status. Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-8-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: using nofail preallocation in ext4_es_remove_extent()Baokun Li
If __es_remove_extent() returns an error it means that when splitting extent, allocating an extent that must be kept failed, where returning an error directly would cause the extent tree to be inconsistent. So we use GFP_NOFAIL to pre-allocate an extent_status and pass it to __es_remove_extent() to avoid this problem. In addition, since the allocated memory is outside the i_es_lock, the extent_status tree may change and the pre-allocated extent_status is no longer needed, so we release the pre-allocated extent_status when es->es_len is not initialized. Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-7-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: use pre-allocated es in __es_remove_extent()Baokun Li
When splitting extent, if the second extent can not be dropped, we return -ENOMEM and use GFP_NOFAIL to preallocate an extent_status outside of i_es_lock and pass it to __es_remove_extent() to be used as the second extent. This ensures that __es_remove_extent() is executed successfully, thus ensuring consistency in the extent status tree. If the second extent is not undroppable, we simply drop it and return 0. Then retry is no longer necessary, remove it. Now, __es_remove_extent() will always remove what it should, maybe more. Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-6-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: use pre-allocated es in __es_insert_extent()Baokun Li
Pass a extent_status pointer prealloc to __es_insert_extent(). If the pointer is non-null, it is used directly when a new extent_status is needed to avoid memory allocation failures. Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-5-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: factor out __es_alloc_extent() and __es_free_extent()Baokun Li
Factor out __es_alloc_extent() and __es_free_extent(), which only allocate and free extent_status in these two helpers. The ext4_es_alloc_extent() function is split into __es_alloc_extent() and ext4_es_init_extent(). In __es_alloc_extent() we allocate memory using GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL | __GFP_ZERO if the memory allocation cannot fail, otherwise we use GFP_ATOMIC. and the ext4_es_init_extent() is used to initialize extent_status and update related variables after a successful allocation. This is to prepare for the use of pre-allocated extent_status later. Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-4-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: add a new helper to check if es must be keptBaokun Li
In the extent status tree, we have extents which we can just drop without issues and extents we must not drop - this depends on the extent's status - currently ext4_es_is_delayed() extents must stay, others may be dropped. A helper function is added to help determine if the current extent can be dropped, although only ext4_es_is_delayed() extents cannot be dropped currently. Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-3-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: only update i_reserved_data_blocks on successful block allocationBaokun Li
In our fault injection test, we create an ext4 file, migrate it to non-extent based file, then punch a hole and finally trigger a WARN_ON in the ext4_da_update_reserve_space(): EXT4-fs warning (device sda): ext4_da_update_reserve_space:369: ino 14, used 11 with only 10 reserved data blocks When writing back a non-extent based file, if we enable delalloc, the number of reserved blocks will be subtracted from the number of blocks mapped by ext4_ind_map_blocks(), and the extent status tree will be updated. We update the extent status tree by first removing the old extent_status and then inserting the new extent_status. If the block range we remove happens to be in an extent, then we need to allocate another extent_status with ext4_es_alloc_extent(). use old to remove to add new |----------|------------|------------| old extent_status The problem is that the allocation of a new extent_status failed due to a fault injection, and __es_shrink() did not get free memory, resulting in a return of -ENOMEM. Then do_writepages() retries after receiving -ENOMEM, we map to the same extent again, and the number of reserved blocks is again subtracted from the number of blocks in that extent. Since the blocks in the same extent are subtracted twice, we end up triggering WARN_ON at ext4_da_update_reserve_space() because used > ei->i_reserved_data_blocks. For non-extent based file, we update the number of reserved blocks after ext4_ind_map_blocks() is executed, which causes a problem that when we call ext4_ind_map_blocks() to create a block, it doesn't always create a block, but we always reduce the number of reserved blocks. So we move the logic for updating reserved blocks to ext4_ind_map_blocks() to ensure that the number of reserved blocks is updated only after we do succeed in allocating some new blocks. Fixes: 5f634d064c70 ("ext4: Fix quota accounting error with fallocate") Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424033846.4732-2-libaokun1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Give symbolic names to mballoc criteriasOjaswin Mujoo
mballoc criterias have historically been called by numbers like CR0, CR1... however this makes it confusing to understand what each criteria is about. Change these criterias from numbers to symbolic names and add relevant comments. While we are at it, also reformat and add some comments to ext4_seq_mb_stats_show() for better readability. Additionally, define CR_FAST which signifies the criteria below which we can make quicker decisions like: * quitting early if (free block < requested len) * avoiding to scan free extents smaller than required len. * avoiding to initialize buddy cache and work with existing cache * limiting prefetches Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/a2dc6ec5aea5e5e68cf8e788c2a964ffead9c8b0.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Add allocation criteria 1.5 (CR1_5)Ojaswin Mujoo
CR1_5 aims to optimize allocations which can't be satisfied in CR1. The fact that we couldn't find a group in CR1 suggests that it would be difficult to find a continuous extent to compleltely satisfy our allocations. So before falling to the slower CR2, in CR1.5 we proactively trim the the preallocations so we can find a group with (free / fragments) big enough. This speeds up our allocation at the cost of slightly reduced preallocation. The patch also adds a new sysfs tunable: * /sys/fs/ext4/<partition>/mb_cr1_5_max_trim_order This controls how much CR1.5 can trim a request before falling to CR2. For example, for a request of order 7 and max trim order 2, CR1.5 can trim this upto order 5. Suggested-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/150fdf65c8e4cc4dba71e020ce0859bcf636a5ff.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Abstract out logic to search average fragment listOjaswin Mujoo
Make the logic of searching average fragment list of a given order reusable by abstracting it out to a differnet function. This will also avoid code duplication in upcoming patches. No functional changes. Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/028c11d95b17ce0285f45456709a0ca922df1b83.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Ensure ext4_mb_prefetch_fini() is called for all prefetched BGsOjaswin Mujoo
Before this patch, the call stack in ext4_run_li_request is as follows: /* * nr = no. of BGs we want to fetch (=s_mb_prefetch) * prefetch_ios = no. of BGs not uptodate after * ext4_read_block_bitmap_nowait() */ next_group = ext4_mb_prefetch(sb, group, nr, prefetch_ios); ext4_mb_prefetch_fini(sb, next_group prefetch_ios); ext4_mb_prefetch_fini() will only try to initialize buddies for BGs in range [next_group - prefetch_ios, next_group). This is incorrect since sometimes (prefetch_ios < nr), which causes ext4_mb_prefetch_fini() to incorrectly ignore some of the BGs that might need initialization. This issue is more notable now with the previous patch enabling "fetching" of BLOCK_UNINIT BGs which are marked buffer_uptodate by default. Fix this by passing nr to ext4_mb_prefetch_fini() instead of prefetch_ios so that it considers the right range of groups. Similarly, make sure we don't pass nr=0 to ext4_mb_prefetch_fini() in ext4_mb_regular_allocator() since we might have prefetched BLOCK_UNINIT groups that would need buddy initialization. Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/05e648ae04ec5b754207032823e9c1de9a54f87a.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Don't skip prefetching BLOCK_UNINIT groupsOjaswin Mujoo
Currently, ext4_mb_prefetch() and ext4_mb_prefetch_fini() skip BLOCK_UNINIT groups since fetching their bitmaps doesn't need disk IO. As a consequence, we end not initializing the buddy structures and CR0/1 lists for these BGs, even though it can be done without any disk IO overhead. Hence, don't skip such BGs during prefetch and prefetch_fini. This improves the accuracy of CR0/1 allocation as earlier, we could have essentially empty BLOCK_UNINIT groups being ignored by CR0/1 due to their buddy not being initialized, leading to slower CR2 allocations. With this patch CR0/1 will be able to discover these groups as well, thus improving performance. Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/dc3130b8daf45ffe63d8a3c1edcf00eb8ba70e1f.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Avoid scanning smaller extents in BG during CR1Ojaswin Mujoo
When we are inside ext4_mb_complex_scan_group() in CR1, we can be sure that this group has atleast 1 big enough continuous free extent to satisfy our request because (free / fragments) > goal length. Hence, instead of wasting time looping over smaller free extents, only try to consider the free extent if we are sure that it has enough continuous free space to satisfy goal length. This is particularly useful when scanning highly fragmented BGs in CR1 as, without this patch, the allocator might stop scanning early before reaching the big enough free extent (due to ac_found > mb_max_to_scan) which causes us to uncessarily trim the request. Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/a5473df4517c53ec940bc9b603ef83a547032a32.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Add counter to track successful allocation of goal lengthOjaswin Mujoo
Track number of allocations where the length of blocks allocated is equal to the length of goal blocks (post normalization). This metric could be useful if making changes to the allocator logic in the future as it could give us visibility into how often do we trim our requests. PS: ac_b_ex.fe_len might get modified due to preallocation efforts and hence we use ac_f_ex.fe_len instead since we want to compare how much the allocator was able to actually find. Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/343620e2be8a237239ea2613a7a866ee8607e973.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Add per CR extent scanned counterOjaswin Mujoo
This gives better visibility into the number of extents scanned in each particular CR. For example, this information can be used to see how out block group scanning logic is performing when the BG is fragmented. Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/55bb6d80f6e22ed2a5a830aa045572bdffc8b1b9.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Convert mballoc cr (criteria) to enumOjaswin Mujoo
Convert criteria to be an enum so it easier to maintain and update the tracefiles to use enum names. This change also makes it easier to insert new criterias in the future. There is no functional change in this patch. Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/5d82fd467bdf70ea45bdaef810af3b146013946c.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: Remove unused extern variables declarationRitesh Harjani
ext4_mb_stats & ext4_mb_max_to_scan are never used. We use sbi->s_mb_stats and sbi->s_mb_max_to_scan instead. Hence kill these extern declarations. Signed-off-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/928b3142062172533b6d1b5a94de94700590fef3.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: mballoc: Remove useless setting of ac_criteriaRitesh Harjani
There will be changes coming in future patches which will introduce a new criteria for block allocation. This removes the useless setting of ac_criteria. AFAIU, this might be only used to differentiate between whether a preallocated blocks was allocated or was regular allocator called for allocating blocks. Hence this also adds the debug prints to identify what type of block allocation was done in ext4_mb_show_ac(). Signed-off-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1dbae05617519cb6202f1b299c9d1be3e7cda763.1685449706.git.ojaswin@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: fix wrong unit use in ext4_mb_new_blocksKemeng Shi
Function ext4_free_blocks_simple needs count in cluster. Function ext4_free_blocks accepts count in block. Convert count to cluster to fix the mismatch. Signed-off-by: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Reviewed-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230603150327.3596033-12-shikemeng@huaweicloud.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: fix wrong unit use in ext4_mb_clear_bbKemeng Shi
Function ext4_issue_discard need count in cluster. Pass count_clusters instead of count to fix the mismatch. Signed-off-by: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Reviewed-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230603150327.3596033-11-shikemeng@huaweicloud.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26ext4: remove unused parameter from ext4_mb_new_blocks_simple()Kemeng Shi
Two cleanups for ext4_mb_new_blocks_simple: Remove unused parameter handle of ext4_mb_new_blocks_simple. Move ext4_mb_new_blocks_simple definition before ext4_mb_new_blocks to remove unnecessary forward declaration of ext4_mb_new_blocks_simple. Signed-off-by: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Reviewed-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230603150327.3596033-10-shikemeng@huaweicloud.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26Merge tag 'x86_tdx_for_6.5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 tdx updates from Dave Hansen: - Fix a race window where load_unaligned_zeropad() could cause a fatal shutdown during TDX private<=>shared conversion The race has never been observed in practice but might allow load_unaligned_zeropad() to catch a TDX page in the middle of its conversion process which would lead to a fatal and unrecoverable guest shutdown. - Annotate sites where VM "exit reasons" are reused as hypercall numbers. * tag 'x86_tdx_for_6.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/mm: Fix enc_status_change_finish_noop() x86/tdx: Fix race between set_memory_encrypted() and load_unaligned_zeropad() x86/mm: Allow guest.enc_status_change_prepare() to fail x86/tdx: Wrap exit reason with hcall_func()
2023-06-27kbuild: deb-pkg: remove the CONFIG_MODULES check in buildebMasahiro Yamada
When CONFIG_MODULES is disabled for ARCH=um, 'make (bin)deb-pkg' fails with an error like follows: cp: cannot create regular file 'debian/linux-image/usr/lib/uml/modules/6.4.0-rc2+/System.map': No such file or directory Remove the CONFIG_MODULES check completely so ${pdir}/usr/lib/uml/modules will always be created and modules.builtin.(modinfo) will be installed under it for ARCH=um. Fixes: b611daae5efc ("kbuild: deb-pkg: split image and debug objects staging out into functions") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2023-06-27kbuild: builddeb: always make modules_install, to install modules.builtin*Josh Triplett
Even for a non-modular kernel, the kernel builds modules.builtin and modules.builtin.modinfo, with information about the built-in modules. Tools such as initramfs-tools need these files to build a working initramfs on some systems, such as those requiring firmware. Now that `make modules_install` works even in non-modular kernels and installs these files, unconditionally invoke it when building a Debian package. Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <nicolas@fjasle.eu> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2023-06-26Merge tag 'clk-microchip-6.5-2' of ↵Stephen Boyd
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/at91/linux into clk-microchip Pull Microchip clk driver updates from Claudiu Beznea: It contains support for parent_data, parent_hw in AT91 clock drivers used by SAMA7G5 SoC (e.g. main, master, generic, peripheral, programmable, system, utmi, slow clocks) and also the update of SAMA7G5 to use this new support. * tag 'clk-microchip-6.5-2' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/at91/linux: clk: at91: sama7g5: s/ep_chg_chg_id/ep_chg_id clk: at91: sama7g5: switch to parent_hw and parent_data clk: at91: sckc: switch to parent_data/parent_hw clk: at91: clk-sam9x60-pll: add support for parent_hw clk: at91: clk-utmi: add support for parent_hw clk: at91: clk-system: add support for parent_hw clk: at91: clk-programmable: add support for parent_hw clk: at91: clk-peripheral: add support for parent_hw clk: at91: clk-master: add support for parent_hw clk: at91: clk-generated: add support for parent_hw clk: at91: clk-main: add support for parent_data/parent_hw
2023-06-26Merge tag 'x86_platform_for_6.5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 platform updates from Dave Hansen: "Allow CPUs in SGX/HPE Ultraviolet to start using Sub-NUMA clustering (SNC) mode. SNC has been around outside the UV world for a while but evidently never worked on UV systems. SNC is rather notorious for breaking bad assumptions of a 1:1 relationship between physical sockets and NUMA nodes. The UV code was rather prolific with these assumptions and took quite a bit of refactoring to remove them" * tag 'x86_platform_for_6.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/platform/uv: Update UV[23] platform code for SNC x86/platform/uv: Remove remaining BUG_ON() and BUG() calls x86/platform/uv: UV support for sub-NUMA clustering x86/platform/uv: Helper functions for allocating and freeing conversion tables x86/platform/uv: When searching for minimums, start at INT_MAX not 99999 x86/platform/uv: Fix printed information in calc_mmioh_map x86/platform/uv: Introduce helper function uv_pnode_to_socket. x86/platform/uv: Add platform resolving #defines for misc GAM_MMIOH_REDIRECT*
2023-06-26Merge tag 'x86_irq_for_6.5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 irq updates from Dave Hansen: "Add Hyper-V interrupts to /proc/stat" * tag 'x86_irq_for_6.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/irq: Add hardcoded hypervisor interrupts to /proc/stat
2023-06-26Merge tag 'x86_cpu_for_v6.5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 cpu updates from Borislav Petkov: - Compute the purposeful misalignment of zen_untrain_ret automatically and assert __x86_return_thunk's alignment so that future changes to the symbol macros do not accidentally break them. - Remove CONFIG_X86_FEATURE_NAMES Kconfig option as its existence is pointless * tag 'x86_cpu_for_v6.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/retbleed: Add __x86_return_thunk alignment checks x86/cpu: Remove X86_FEATURE_NAMES x86/Kconfig: Make X86_FEATURE_NAMES non-configurable in prompt
2023-06-26Merge tag 'x86_cc_for_v6.5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 confidential computing update from Borislav Petkov: - Add support for unaccepted memory as specified in the UEFI spec v2.9. The gist of it all is that Intel TDX and AMD SEV-SNP confidential computing guests define the notion of accepting memory before using it and thus preventing a whole set of attacks against such guests like memory replay and the like. There are a couple of strategies of how memory should be accepted - the current implementation does an on-demand way of accepting. * tag 'x86_cc_for_v6.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: virt: sevguest: Add CONFIG_CRYPTO dependency x86/efi: Safely enable unaccepted memory in UEFI x86/sev: Add SNP-specific unaccepted memory support x86/sev: Use large PSC requests if applicable x86/sev: Allow for use of the early boot GHCB for PSC requests x86/sev: Put PSC struct on the stack in prep for unaccepted memory support x86/sev: Fix calculation of end address based on number of pages x86/tdx: Add unaccepted memory support x86/tdx: Refactor try_accept_one() x86/tdx: Make _tdx_hypercall() and __tdx_module_call() available in boot stub efi/unaccepted: Avoid load_unaligned_zeropad() stepping into unaccepted memory efi: Add unaccepted memory support x86/boot/compressed: Handle unaccepted memory efi/libstub: Implement support for unaccepted memory efi/x86: Get full memory map in allocate_e820() mm: Add support for unaccepted memory
2023-06-26Merge tag 'x86_cache_for_v6.5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 resource control updates from Borislav Petkov: - Implement a rename operation in resctrlfs to facilitate handling of application containers with dynamically changing task lists - When reading the tasks file, show the tasks' pid which are only in the current namespace as opposed to showing the pids from the init namespace too - Other fixes and improvements * tag 'x86_cache_for_v6.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: Documentation/x86: Documentation for MON group move feature x86/resctrl: Implement rename op for mon groups x86/resctrl: Factor rdtgroup lock for multi-file ops x86/resctrl: Only show tasks' pid in current pid namespace
2023-06-26Merge tag 'x86_build_for_v6.5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 build update from Borislav Petkov: - Remove relocation information from vmlinux as it is not needed by other tooling and thus a slimmer binary is generated. This is important for distros who have to distribute vmlinux blobs with their kernel packages too and that extraneous unnecessary data bloats them for no good reason * tag 'x86_build_for_v6.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/build: Avoid relocation information in final vmlinux
2023-06-26Merge branch 'next' into for-linusDmitry Torokhov
Prepare input updates for 6.5 merge window.
2023-06-26Merge tag 'x86_alternatives_for_v6.5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 instruction alternatives updates from Borislav Petkov: - Up until now the Fast Short Rep Mov optimizations implied the presence of the ERMS CPUID flag. AMD decoupled them with a BIOS setting so decouple that dependency in the kernel code too - Teach the alternatives machinery to handle relocations - Make debug_alternative accept flags in order to see only that set of patching done one is interested in - Other fixes, cleanups and optimizations to the patching code * tag 'x86_alternatives_for_v6.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/alternative: PAUSE is not a NOP x86/alternatives: Add cond_resched() to text_poke_bp_batch() x86/nospec: Shorten RESET_CALL_DEPTH x86/alternatives: Add longer 64-bit NOPs x86/alternatives: Fix section mismatch warnings x86/alternative: Optimize returns patching x86/alternative: Complicate optimize_nops() some more x86/alternative: Rewrite optimize_nops() some x86/lib/memmove: Decouple ERMS from FSRM x86/alternative: Support relocations in alternatives x86/alternative: Make debug-alternative selective
2023-06-26ext4: get block from bh in ext4_free_blocks for fast commit replayKemeng Shi
ext4_free_blocks will retrieve block from bh if block parameter is zero. Retrieve block before ext4_free_blocks_simple to avoid potentially passing wrong block to ext4_free_blocks_simple. Signed-off-by: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Reviewed-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230603150327.3596033-9-shikemeng@huaweicloud.com Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2023-06-26Merge tag 'ras_core_for_v6.5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull RAS updates from Borislav Petkov: - Add initial support for RAS hardware found on AMD server GPUs (MI200). Those GPUs and CPUs are connected together through the coherent fabric and the GPU memory controllers report errors through x86's MCA so EDAC needs to support them. The amd64_edac driver supports now HBM (High Bandwidth Memory) and thus such heterogeneous memory controller systems - Other small cleanups and improvements * tag 'ras_core_for_v6.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: EDAC/amd64: Cache and use GPU node map EDAC/amd64: Add support for AMD heterogeneous Family 19h Model 30h-3Fh EDAC/amd64: Document heterogeneous system enumeration x86/MCE/AMD, EDAC/mce_amd: Decode UMC_V2 ECC errors x86/amd_nb: Re-sort and re-indent PCI defines x86/amd_nb: Add MI200 PCI IDs ras/debugfs: Fix error checking for debugfs_create_dir() x86/MCE: Check a hw error's address to determine proper recovery action
2023-06-26Merge tag 'edac_updates_for_v6.5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ras/ras Pull EDAC updates from Borislav Petkov: - amd64_edac: Add support for Zen4 client hardware - amd64_edac: Remove the version string as it is useless and actively confusing when looking at backported versions of the driver - Add a driver for the Nuvoton NPCM memory controller - A debugfs error checking cleanup * tag 'edac_updates_for_v6.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ras/ras: EDAC/npcm: Add NPCM memory controller driver dt-bindings: memory-controllers: nuvoton: Add NPCM memory controller EDAC/thunderx: Check debugfs file creation retval properly EDAC/amd64: Add support for ECC on family 19h model 60h-7Fh EDAC/amd64: Remove module version string
2023-06-26Merge tag 'qcom-clk-for-6.5-2' of ↵Stephen Boyd
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/qcom/linux into clk-qcom Pull Qualcomm clk driver updates from Bjorn Andersson: This introduces Global Clock Controller for SDX75, LPASS clock controllers for SC8280XP, video clock controller for SM8350, SM8450 and SM8550, GPU clock controller for SM8450 and SM8550, RPMH clock support for SDX75 and IPQ9574 support in APSS IPQ PLL driver. Support for branch2 clocks with inverted off-bit is introduced and a couple of fixes to Alpha PLLs handling of TEST_CTL updates. The handling of active-only clocks in SMD RPM is improved, to ensure votes are appropriately placed. SC7180 camera GDSCs are made children of the titan_top GDSC. A couple of fixes to the display clocks on QCM2290 and shared RCGs in GCC are marked as such. SDCC clocks for IPQ6018 and IPQ5332 are corrected to use floor ops, and network-related resets on IPQ6018 are updated to cover all bits of each reset. Crypto clocks are added to IPQ9574 global clock controller, together with a few cleanups. Runtime PM is enabeld for SC8280XP GCC and GPUCC, and SM6375 GPUCC. A few fixes for MSM8974 multi-media clock controller. Support for some RCG clocks to be automatically controlled by downstream branches, and added to SM8450 GCC clocks. Further Kconfig depdenencies are introduce to avoid building Qualcomm clock drivers on unrelated architectures. Lastly, related DeviceTree binding updates are made. The tail of this is not bisectable, due to the missing DeviceTree binding include files. Rebase at this point in time is not desirable. * tag 'qcom-clk-for-6.5-2' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/qcom/linux: (63 commits) clk: qcom: gcc-sc8280xp: Add runtime PM clk: qcom: gpucc-sc8280xp: Add runtime PM clk: qcom: mmcc-msm8974: fix MDSS_GDSC power flags clk: qcom: gpucc-sm6375: Enable runtime pm dt-bindings: clock: sm6375-gpucc: Add VDD_GX clk: qcom: gcc-sm6115: Add missing PLL config properties clk: qcom: clk-alpha-pll: Add a way to update some bits of test_ctl(_hi) clk: qcom: gcc-ipq6018: remove duplicate initializers clk: qcom: gcc-ipq9574: Enable crypto clocks dt-bindings: clock: Add crypto clock and reset definitions clk: qcom: Add lpass audio clock controller driver for SC8280XP clk: qcom: Add lpass clock controller driver for SC8280XP dt-bindings: clock: Add LPASS AUDIOCC and reset controller for SC8280XP dt-bindings: clock: Add LPASSCC and reset controller for SC8280XP dt-bindings: clock: qcom,mmcc: define clocks/clock-names for MSM8226 clk: qcom: gpucc-sm8550: Add support for graphics clock controller clk: qcom: Add support for SM8450 GPUCC clk: qcom: gcc-sm8450: Enable hw_clk_ctrl clk: qcom: rcg2: Make hw_clk_ctrl toggleable dt-bindings: clock: qcom: Add SM8550 graphics clock controller ...
2023-06-26Merge tag 'x86-core-2023-06-26' of ↵Linus Torvalds
ssh://gitolite.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 core updates from Thomas Gleixner: "A set of fixes for kexec(), reboot and shutdown issues: - Ensure that the WBINVD in stop_this_cpu() has been completed before the control CPU proceedes. stop_this_cpu() is used for kexec(), reboot and shutdown to park the APs in a HLT loop. The control CPU sends an IPI to the APs and waits for their CPU online bits to be cleared. Once they all are marked "offline" it proceeds. But stop_this_cpu() clears the CPU online bit before issuing WBINVD, which means there is no guarantee that the AP has reached the HLT loop. This was reported to cause intermittent reboot/shutdown failures due to some dubious interaction with the firmware. This is not only a problem of WBINVD. The code to actually "stop" the CPU which runs between clearing the online bit and reaching the HLT loop can cause large enough delays on its own (think virtualization). That's especially dangerous for kexec() as kexec() expects that all APs are in a safe state and not executing code while the boot CPU jumps to the new kernel. There are more issues vs kexec() which are addressed separately. Cure this by implementing an explicit synchronization point right before the AP reaches HLT. This guarantees that the AP has completed the full stop proceedure. - Fix the condition for WBINVD in stop_this_cpu(). The WBINVD in stop_this_cpu() is required for ensuring that when switching to or from memory encryption no dirty data is left in the cache lines which might cause a write back in the wrong more later. This checks CPUID directly because the feature bit might have been cleared due to a command line option. But that CPUID check accesses leaf 0x8000001f::EAX unconditionally. Intel CPUs return the content of the highest supported leaf when a non-existing leaf is read, while AMD CPUs return all zeros for unsupported leafs. So the result of the test on Intel CPUs is lottery and on AMD its just correct by chance. While harmless it's incorrect and causes the conditional wbinvd() to be issued where not required, which caused the above issue to be unearthed. - Make kexec() robust against AP code execution Ashok observed triple faults when doing kexec() on a system which had been booted with "nosmt". It turned out that the SMT siblings which had been brought up partially are parked in mwait_play_dead() to enable power savings. mwait_play_dead() is monitoring the thread flags of the AP's idle task, which has been chosen as it's unlikely to be written to. But kexec() can overwrite the previous kernel text and data including page tables etc. When it overwrites the cache lines monitored by an AP that AP resumes execution after the MWAIT on eventually overwritten text, stack and page tables, which obviously might end up in a triple fault easily. Make this more robust in several steps: 1) Use an explicit per CPU cache line for monitoring. 2) Write a command to these cache lines to kick APs out of MWAIT before proceeding with kexec(), shutdown or reboot. The APs confirm the wakeup by writing status back and then enter a HLT loop. 3) If the system uses INIT/INIT/STARTUP for AP bringup, park the APs in INIT state. HLT is not a guarantee that an AP won't wake up and resume execution. HLT is woken up by NMI and SMI. SMI puts the CPU back into HLT (+/- firmware bugs), but NMI is delivered to the CPU which executes the NMI handler. Same issue as the MWAIT scenario described above. Sending an INIT/INIT sequence to the APs puts them into wait for STARTUP state, which is safe against NMI. There is still an issue remaining which can't be fixed: #MCE If the AP sits in HLT and receives a broadcast #MCE it will try to handle it with the obvious consequences. INIT/INIT clears CR4.MCE in the AP which will cause a broadcast #MCE to shut down the machine. So there is a choice between fire (HLT) and frying pan (INIT). Frying pan has been chosen as it's at least preventing the NMI issue. On systems which are not using INIT/INIT/STARTUP there is not much which can be done right now, but at least the obvious and easy to trigger MWAIT issue has been addressed" * tag 'x86-core-2023-06-26' of ssh://gitolite.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/smp: Put CPUs into INIT on shutdown if possible x86/smp: Split sending INIT IPI out into a helper function x86/smp: Cure kexec() vs. mwait_play_dead() breakage x86/smp: Use dedicated cache-line for mwait_play_dead() x86/smp: Remove pointless wmb()s from native_stop_other_cpus() x86/smp: Dont access non-existing CPUID leaf x86/smp: Make stop_other_cpus() more robust