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The hash distribution of hash_32() is suboptimal. jhash32() provides a way
better distribution, which evens out the length of the hash bucket lists,
which in turn avoids large outliers in list walk times.
Due to the sparse ID space (thanks CRIU) there is no guarantee that the
timers will be fully evenly distributed over the hash buckets, but the
behaviour is way better than with hash_32() even for randomly sparse ID
spaces.
For a pathological test case with 64 processes creating and accessing
20000 timers each, this results in a runtime reduction of ~10% and a
significantly reduced runtime variation.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155624.279080328@linutronix.de
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Eric and Ben reported a significant performance bottleneck on the global
hash, which is used to store posix timers for lookup.
Eric tried to do a lockless validation of a new timer ID before trying to
insert the timer, but that does not solve the problem.
For the non-contended case this is a pointless exercise and for the
contended case this extra lookup just creates enough interleaving that all
tasks can make progress.
There are actually two real solutions to the problem:
1) Provide a per process (signal struct) xarray storage
2) Implement a smarter hash like the one in the futex code
#1 works perfectly fine for most cases, but the fact that CRIU enforced a
linear increasing timer ID to restore timers makes this problematic.
It's easy enough to create a sparse timer ID space, which amounts very
fast to a large junk of memory consumed for the xarray. 2048 timers with
a ID offset of 512 consume more than one megabyte of memory for the
xarray storage.
#2 The main advantage of the futex hash is that it uses per hash bucket
locks instead of a global hash lock. Aside of that it is scaled
according to the number of CPUs at boot time.
Experiments with artifical benchmarks have shown that a scaled hash with
per bucket locks comes pretty close to the xarray performance and in some
scenarios it performes better.
Test 1:
A single process creates 20000 timers and afterwards invokes
timer_getoverrun(2) on each of them:
mainline Eric newhash xarray
create 23 ms 23 ms 9 ms 8 ms
getoverrun 14 ms 14 ms 5 ms 4 ms
Test 2:
A single process creates 50000 timers and afterwards invokes
timer_getoverrun(2) on each of them:
mainline Eric newhash xarray
create 98 ms 219 ms 20 ms 18 ms
getoverrun 62 ms 62 ms 10 ms 9 ms
Test 3:
A single process creates 100000 timers and afterwards invokes
timer_getoverrun(2) on each of them:
mainline Eric newhash xarray
create 313 ms 750 ms 48 ms 33 ms
getoverrun 261 ms 260 ms 20 ms 14 ms
Erics changes create quite some overhead in the create() path due to the
double list walk, as the main issue according to perf is the list walk
itself. With 100k timers each hash bucket contains ~200 timers, which in
the worst case need to be all inspected. The same problem applies for
getoverrun() where the lookup has to walk through the hash buckets to find
the timer it is looking for.
The scaled hash obviously reduces hash collisions and lock contention
significantly. This becomes more prominent with concurrency.
Test 4:
A process creates 63 threads and all threads wait on a barrier before
each instance creates 20000 timers and afterwards invokes
timer_getoverrun(2) on each of them. The threads are pinned on
seperate CPUs to achive maximum concurrency. The numbers are the
average times per thread:
mainline Eric newhash xarray
create 180239 ms 38599 ms 579 ms 813 ms
getoverrun 2645 ms 2642 ms 32 ms 7 ms
Test 5:
A process forks 63 times and all forks wait on a barrier before each
instance creates 20000 timers and afterwards invokes
timer_getoverrun(2) on each of them. The processes are pinned on
seperate CPUs to achive maximum concurrency. The numbers are the
average times per process:
mainline eric newhash xarray
create 157253 ms 40008 ms 83 ms 60 ms
getoverrun 2611 ms 2614 ms 40 ms 4 ms
So clearly the reduction of lock contention with Eric's changes makes a
significant difference for the create() loop, but it does not mitigate the
problem of long list walks, which is clearly visible on the getoverrun()
side because that is purely dominated by the lookup itself. Once the timer
is found, the syscall just reads from the timer structure with no other
locks or code paths involved and returns.
The reason for the difference between the thread and the fork case for the
new hash and the xarray is that both suffer from contention on
sighand::siglock and the xarray suffers additionally from contention on the
xarray lock on insertion.
The only case where the reworked hash slighly outperforms the xarray is a
tight loop which creates and deletes timers.
Test 4:
A process creates 63 threads and all threads wait on a barrier before
each instance runs a loop which creates and deletes a timer 100000
times in a row. The threads are pinned on seperate CPUs to achive
maximum concurrency. The numbers are the average times per thread:
mainline Eric newhash xarray
loop 5917 ms 5897 ms 5473 ms 7846 ms
Test 5:
A process forks 63 times and all forks wait on a barrier before each
each instance runs a loop which creates and deletes a timer 100000
times in a row. The processes are pinned on seperate CPUs to achive
maximum concurrency. The numbers are the average times per process:
mainline Eric newhash xarray
loop 5137 ms 7828 ms 891 ms 872 ms
In both test there is not much contention on the hash, but the ucount
accounting for the signal and in the thread case the sighand::siglock
contention (plus the xarray locking) contribute dominantly to the overhead.
As the memory consumption of the xarray in the sparse ID case is
significant, the scaled hash with per bucket locks seems to be the better
overall option. While the xarray has faster lookup times for a large number
of timers, the actual syscall usage, which requires the lookup is not an
extreme hotpath. Most applications utilize signal delivery and all syscalls
except timer_getoverrun(2) are all but cheap.
So implement a scaled hash with per bucket locks, which offers the best
tradeoff between performance and memory consumption.
Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: Benjamin Segall <bsegall@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155624.216091571@linutronix.de
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The global hash_lock protecting the posix timer hash table can be heavily
contended especially when there is an extensive linear search for a timer
ID.
Timer IDs are handed out by monotonically increasing next_posix_timer_id
and then validating that there is no timer with the same ID in the hash
table. Both operations happen with the global hash lock held.
To reduce the hash lock contention the hash will be reworked to a scaled
hash with per bucket locks, which requires to handle the ID counter
lockless.
Prepare for this by making next_posix_timer_id an atomic_t, which can be
used lockless with atomic_inc_return().
[ tglx: Adopted from Eric's series, massaged change log and simplified it ]
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250219125522.2535263-2-edumazet@google.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155624.151545978@linutronix.de
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The lookup and locking of posix timers requires the same repeating pattern
at all usage sites:
tmr = lock_timer(tiner_id);
if (!tmr)
return -EINVAL;
....
unlock_timer(tmr);
Solve this with a guard implementation, which works in most places out of
the box except for those, which need to unlock the timer inside the guard
scope.
Though the only places where this matters are timer_delete() and
timer_settime(). In both cases the timer pointer needs to be preserved
across the end of the scope, which is solved by storing the pointer in a
variable outside of the scope.
timer_settime() also has to protect the timer with RCU before unlocking,
which obviously can't use guard(rcu) before leaving the guard scope as that
guard is cleaned up before the unlock. Solve this by providing the RCU
protection open coded.
[ tglx: Made it work and added change log ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250224162103.GD11590@noisy.programming.kicks-ass.net
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155624.087465658@linutronix.de
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sys_timer_delete() and the do_exit() cleanup function itimer_delete() are
doing the same thing, but have needlessly different implementations instead
of sharing the code.
The other oddity of timer deletion is the fact that the timer is not
invalidated before the actual deletion happens, which allows concurrent
lookups to succeed.
That's wrong because a timer which is in the process of being deleted
should not be visible and any actions like signal queueing, delivery and
rearming should not happen once the task, which invoked timer_delete(), has
the timer locked.
Rework the code so that:
1) The signal queueing and delivery code ignore timers which are marked
invalid
2) The deletion implementation between sys_timer_delete() and
itimer_delete() is shared
3) The timer is invalidated and removed from the linked lists before
the deletion callback of the relevant clock is invoked.
That requires to rework timer_wait_running() as it does a lookup of
the timer when relocking it at the end. In case of deletion this
lookup would fail due to the preceding invalidation and the wait loop
would terminate prematurely.
But due to the preceding invalidation the timer cannot be accessed by
other tasks anymore, so there is no way that the timer has been freed
after the timer lock has been dropped.
Move the re-validation out of timer_wait_running() and handle it at
the only other usage site, timer_settime().
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/87zfht1exf.ffs@tglx
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Since the integration of sigqueue into the timer struct, lock_timer() is
only used in task context. So taking the lock with irqsave() is not longer
required.
Convert it to use spin_[un]lock_irq().
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155623.959825668@linutronix.de
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Switch locking and RCU to guards where applicable.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155623.892762130@linutronix.de
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There is no need to panic when the posix-timer kmem_cache can't be
created. timer_create() will fail with -ENOMEM and that's it.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155623.829215801@linutronix.de
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Warnings about a non-initialized timer or non-existing callbacks are just
useful for implementing new posix clocks, but there a NULL pointer
dereference is expected anyway. :)
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155623.765462334@linutronix.de
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Remove pointless includes and sort the remaining ones alphabetically.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155623.701301552@linutronix.de
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With a large number of POSIX timers the search for a valid ID might cause a
soft lockup on PREEMPT_NONE/VOLUNTARY kernels.
Add cond_resched() to the loop to prevent that.
[ tglx: Split out from Eric's series ]
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250214135911.2037402-2-edumazet@google.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155623.635612865@linutronix.de
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A timer is only valid in the hashtable when both timer::it_signal and
timer::it_id are set to their final values, but timers are added without
those values being set.
The timer ID is allocated when the timer is added to the hash in invalid
state. The ID is taken from a monotonically increasing per process counter
which wraps around after reaching INT_MAX. The hash insertion validates
that there is no timer with the allocated ID in the hash table which
belongs to the same process. That opens a mostly theoretical race condition:
If other threads of the same process manage to create/delete timers in
rapid succession before the newly created timer is fully initialized and
wrap around to the timer ID which was handed out, then a duplicate timer ID
will be inserted into the hash table.
Prevent this by:
1) Setting timer::it_id before inserting the timer into the hashtable.
2) Storing the signal pointer in timer::it_signal with bit 0 set before
inserting it into the hashtable.
Bit 0 acts as a invalid bit, which means that the regular lookup for
sys_timer_*() will fail the comparison with the signal pointer.
But the lookup on insertion masks out bit 0 and can therefore detect a
timer which is not yet valid, but allocated in the hash table. Bit 0
in the pointer is cleared once the initialization of the timer
completed.
[ tglx: Fold ID and signal iniitializaion into one patch and massage change
log and comments. ]
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250219125522.2535263-3-edumazet@google.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155623.572035178@linutronix.de
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Frederic pointed out that the memory operations to initialize the timer are
not guaranteed to be visible, when __lock_timer() observes timer::it_signal
valid under timer::it_lock:
T0 T1
--------- -----------
do_timer_create()
// A
new_timer->.... = ....
spin_lock(current->sighand)
// B
WRITE_ONCE(new_timer->it_signal, current->signal)
spin_unlock(current->sighand)
sys_timer_*()
t = __lock_timer()
spin_lock(&timr->it_lock)
// observes B
if (timr->it_signal == current->signal)
return timr;
if (!t)
return;
// Is not guaranteed to observe A
Protect the write of timer::it_signal, which makes the timer valid, with
timer::it_lock as well. This guarantees that T1 must observe the
initialization A completely, when it observes the valid signal pointer
under timer::it_lock. sighand::siglock must still be taken to protect the
signal::posix_timers list.
Reported-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250308155623.507944489@linutronix.de
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The size argument of strscpy() is only required when the destination
pointer is not a fixed sized array or when the copy needs to be smaller
than the size of the fixed sized destination array.
For fixed sized destination arrays and full copies, strscpy() automatically
determines the length of the destination buffer if the size argument is
omitted.
This makes the explicit sizeof() unnecessary. Remove it.
[ tglx: Massaged change log ]
Signed-off-by: Thorsten Blum <thorsten.blum@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250311110624.495718-2-thorsten.blum@linux.dev
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Currently, ovs_ct_set_labels() is only called for confirmed conntrack
entries (ct) within ovs_ct_commit(). However, if the conntrack entry
does not have the labels_ext extension, attempting to allocate it in
ovs_ct_get_conn_labels() for a confirmed entry triggers a warning in
nf_ct_ext_add():
WARN_ON(nf_ct_is_confirmed(ct));
This happens when the conntrack entry is created externally before OVS
increments net->ct.labels_used. The issue has become more likely since
commit fcb1aa5163b1 ("openvswitch: switch to per-action label counting
in conntrack"), which changed to use per-action label counting and
increment net->ct.labels_used when a flow with ct action is added.
Since there’s no straightforward way to fully resolve this issue at the
moment, this reverts the commit to avoid breaking existing use cases.
Fixes: fcb1aa5163b1 ("openvswitch: switch to per-action label counting in conntrack")
Reported-by: Jianbo Liu <jianbol@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Long <lucien.xin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Aaron Conole <aconole@redhat.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/1bdeb2f3a812bca016a225d3de714427b2cd4772.1741457143.git.lucien.xin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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The actions length check is unreliable and produces different results
depending on the initial length of the provided netlink attribute and
the composition of the actual actions inside of it. For example, a
user can add 4088 empty clone() actions without triggering -EMSGSIZE,
on attempt to add 4089 such actions the operation will fail with the
-EMSGSIZE verdict. However, if another 16 KB of other actions will
be *appended* to the previous 4089 clone() actions, the check passes
and the flow is successfully installed into the openvswitch datapath.
The reason for a such a weird behavior is the way memory is allocated.
When ovs_flow_cmd_new() is invoked, it calls ovs_nla_copy_actions(),
that in turn calls nla_alloc_flow_actions() with either the actual
length of the user-provided actions or the MAX_ACTIONS_BUFSIZE. The
function adds the size of the sw_flow_actions structure and then the
actually allocated memory is rounded up to the closest power of two.
So, if the user-provided actions are larger than MAX_ACTIONS_BUFSIZE,
then MAX_ACTIONS_BUFSIZE + sizeof(*sfa) rounded up is 32K + 24 -> 64K.
Later, while copying individual actions, we look at ksize(), which is
64K, so this way the MAX_ACTIONS_BUFSIZE check is not actually
triggered and the user can easily allocate almost 64 KB of actions.
However, when the initial size is less than MAX_ACTIONS_BUFSIZE, but
the actions contain ones that require size increase while copying
(such as clone() or sample()), then the limit check will be performed
during the reserve_sfa_size() and the user will not be allowed to
create actions that yield more than 32 KB internally.
This is one part of the problem. The other part is that it's not
actually possible for the userspace application to know beforehand
if the particular set of actions will be rejected or not.
Certain actions require more space in the internal representation,
e.g. an empty clone() takes 4 bytes in the action list passed in by
the user, but it takes 12 bytes in the internal representation due
to an extra nested attribute, and some actions require less space in
the internal representations, e.g. set(tunnel(..)) normally takes
64+ bytes in the action list provided by the user, but only needs to
store a single pointer in the internal implementation, since all the
data is stored in the tunnel_info structure instead.
And the action size limit is applied to the internal representation,
not to the action list passed by the user. So, it's not possible for
the userpsace application to predict if the certain combination of
actions will be rejected or not, because it is not possible for it to
calculate how much space these actions will take in the internal
representation without knowing kernel internals.
All that is causing random failures in ovs-vswitchd in userspace and
inability to handle certain traffic patterns as a result. For example,
it is reported that adding a bit more than a 1100 VMs in an OpenStack
setup breaks the network due to OVS not being able to handle ARP
traffic anymore in some cases (it tries to install a proper datapath
flow, but the kernel rejects it with -EMSGSIZE, even though the action
list isn't actually that large.)
Kernel behavior must be consistent and predictable in order for the
userspace application to use it in a reasonable way. ovs-vswitchd has
a mechanism to re-direct parts of the traffic and partially handle it
in userspace if the required action list is oversized, but that doesn't
work properly if we can't actually tell if the action list is oversized
or not.
Solution for this is to check the size of the user-provided actions
instead of the internal representation. This commit just removes the
check from the internal part because there is already an implicit size
check imposed by the netlink protocol. The attribute can't be larger
than 64 KB. Realistically, we could reduce the limit to 32 KB, but
we'll be risking to break some existing setups that rely on the fact
that it's possible to create nearly 64 KB action lists today.
Vast majority of flows in real setups are below 100-ish bytes. So
removal of the limit will not change real memory consumption on the
system. The absolutely worst case scenario is if someone adds a flow
with 64 KB of empty clone() actions. That will yield a 192 KB in the
internal representation consuming 256 KB block of memory. However,
that list of actions is not meaningful and also a no-op. Real world
very large action lists (that can occur for a rare cases of BUM
traffic handling) are unlikely to contain a large number of clones and
will likely have a lot of tunnel attributes making the internal
representation comparable in size to the original action list.
So, it should be fine to just remove the limit.
Commit in the 'Fixes' tag is the first one that introduced the
difference between internal representation and the user-provided action
lists, but there were many more afterwards that lead to the situation
we have today.
Fixes: 7d5437c709de ("openvswitch: Add tunneling interface.")
Signed-off-by: Ilya Maximets <i.maximets@ovn.org>
Reviewed-by: Aaron Conole <aconole@redhat.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250308004609.2881861-1-i.maximets@ovn.org
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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Guillaume Nault says:
====================
gre: Fix regressions in IPv6 link-local address generation.
IPv6 link-local address generation has some special cases for GRE
devices. This has led to several regressions in the past, and some of
them are still not fixed. This series fixes the remaining problems,
like the ipv6.conf.<dev>.addr_gen_mode sysctl being ignored and the
router discovery process not being started (see details in patch 1).
To avoid any further regressions, patch 2 adds selftests covering
IPv4 and IPv6 gre/gretap devices with all combinations of currently
supported addr_gen_mode values.
====================
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/cover.1741375285.git.gnault@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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GRE devices have their special code for IPv6 link-local address
generation that has been the source of several regressions in the past.
Add selftest to check that all gre, ip6gre, gretap and ip6gretap get an
IPv6 link-link local address in accordance with the
net.ipv6.conf.<dev>.addr_gen_mode sysctl.
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <gnault@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Machata <petrm@nvidia.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/2d6772af8e1da9016b2180ec3f8d9ee99f470c77.1741375285.git.gnault@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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Use addrconf_addr_gen() to generate IPv6 link-local addresses on GRE
devices in most cases and fall back to using add_v4_addrs() only in
case the GRE configuration is incompatible with addrconf_addr_gen().
GRE used to use addrconf_addr_gen() until commit e5dd729460ca
("ip/ip6_gre: use the same logic as SIT interfaces when computing v6LL
address") restricted this use to gretap and ip6gretap devices, and
created add_v4_addrs() (borrowed from SIT) for non-Ethernet GRE ones.
The original problem came when commit 9af28511be10 ("addrconf: refuse
isatap eui64 for INADDR_ANY") made __ipv6_isatap_ifid() fail when its
addr parameter was 0. The commit says that this would create an invalid
address, however, I couldn't find any RFC saying that the generated
interface identifier would be wrong. Anyway, since gre over IPv4
devices pass their local tunnel address to __ipv6_isatap_ifid(), that
commit broke their IPv6 link-local address generation when the local
address was unspecified.
Then commit e5dd729460ca ("ip/ip6_gre: use the same logic as SIT
interfaces when computing v6LL address") tried to fix that case by
defining add_v4_addrs() and calling it to generate the IPv6 link-local
address instead of using addrconf_addr_gen() (apart for gretap and
ip6gretap devices, which would still use the regular
addrconf_addr_gen(), since they have a MAC address).
That broke several use cases because add_v4_addrs() isn't properly
integrated into the rest of IPv6 Neighbor Discovery code. Several of
these shortcomings have been fixed over time, but add_v4_addrs()
remains broken on several aspects. In particular, it doesn't send any
Router Sollicitations, so the SLAAC process doesn't start until the
interface receives a Router Advertisement. Also, add_v4_addrs() mostly
ignores the address generation mode of the interface
(/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/*/addr_gen_mode), thus breaking the
IN6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_RANDOM and IN6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_STABLE_PRIVACY cases.
Fix the situation by using add_v4_addrs() only in the specific scenario
where the normal method would fail. That is, for interfaces that have
all of the following characteristics:
* run over IPv4,
* transport IP packets directly, not Ethernet (that is, not gretap
interfaces),
* tunnel endpoint is INADDR_ANY (that is, 0),
* device address generation mode is EUI64.
In all other cases, revert back to the regular addrconf_addr_gen().
Also, remove the special case for ip6gre interfaces in add_v4_addrs(),
since ip6gre devices now always use addrconf_addr_gen() instead.
Fixes: e5dd729460ca ("ip/ip6_gre: use the same logic as SIT interfaces when computing v6LL address")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <gnault@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/559c32ce5c9976b269e6337ac9abb6a96abe5096.1741375285.git.gnault@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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There is an incorrect calculation in the offset variable which causes
the nft_skb_copy_to_reg() function to always return -EFAULT. Adding the
start variable is redundant. In the __ip_options_compile() function the
correct offset is specified when finding the function. There is no need
to add the size of the iphdr structure to the offset.
Fixes: dbb5281a1f84 ("netfilter: nf_tables: add support for matching IPv4 options")
Signed-off-by: Alexey Kashavkin <akashavkin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
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This also restores the check which got removed in 52732bb9abc9ee5b
("fs/file.c: remove sanity_check and add likely/unlikely in alloc_fd()")
for performance reasons -- they no longer apply with a debug-only
variant.
Signed-off-by: Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250312161941.1261615-1-mjguzik@gmail.com
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/andy/linux-gpio-intel into gpio/for-next
intel-gpio for v6.15-1
* A cleanup to remove unneeded ERR_CAST() in GPIO ACPI library
The following is an automated git shortlog grouped by driver:
gpiolib-acpi:
- Drop unneeded ERR_CAST() in __acpi_find_gpio()
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With the blamed commit it seems that lan966x doesn't seem to boot
anymore when the internal CPU is used.
The reason seems to be the usage of the devm_of_iomap, if we replace
this with devm_ioremap, this seems to fix the issue as we use the same
region also for other devices.
Fixes: 0426a920d6269c ("reset: mchp: sparx5: Map cpu-syscon locally in case of LAN966x")
Reviewed-by: Herve Codina <herve.codina@bootlin.com>
Tested-by: Herve Codina <herve.codina@bootlin.com>
Signed-off-by: Horatiu Vultur <horatiu.vultur@microchip.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Zabel <p.zabel@pengutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250227105502.25125-1-horatiu.vultur@microchip.com
Signed-off-by: Philipp Zabel <p.zabel@pengutronix.de>
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The last_scheduled fence leaks when an entity is being killed and adding
the cleanup callback fails.
Decrement the reference count of prev when dma_fence_add_callback()
fails, ensuring proper balance.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v6.2+
[phasta: add git tag info for stable kernel]
Fixes: 2fdb8a8f07c2 ("drm/scheduler: rework entity flush, kill and fini")
Signed-off-by: qianyi liu <liuqianyi125@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Philipp Stanner <phasta@kernel.org>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20250311060251.4041101-1-liuqianyi125@gmail.com
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We use a notifier to implement the mechanism of informing the user-space
about changes in GPIO line status. We register with the notifier when
the GPIO character device file is opened and unregister when the last
reference to the associated file descriptor is dropped.
Since commit fcc8b637c542 ("gpiolib: switch the line state notifier to
atomic") we use the atomic notifier variant. Atomic notifiers call
rcu_synchronize in atomic_notifier_chain_unregister() which caused a
significant performance regression in some circumstances, observed by
user-space when calling close() on the GPIO device file descriptor.
Replace the atomic notifier with the raw variant and provide
synchronization with a read-write spinlock.
Fixes: fcc8b637c542 ("gpiolib: switch the line state notifier to atomic")
Reported-by: David Jander <david@protonic.nl>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250311110034.53959031@erd003.prtnl/
Tested-by: David Jander <david@protonic.nl>
Tested-by: Kent Gibson <warthog618@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250311-gpiolib-line-state-raw-notifier-v2-1-138374581e1e@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@linaro.org>
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During chip registration we should neither check the return value of
gc->get_direction() nor hold the SRCU lock when calling it. The former
is because pin controllers may have pins set to alternate functions and
return errors from their get_direction() callbacks. That's alright - we
should default to the safe INPUT state and not bail-out. The latter is
not needed because we haven't registered the chip yet so there's nothing
to protect against dynamic removal. In fact: we currently hit a lockdep
splat. Revert to calling the gc->get_direction() callback directly and
*not* checking its value.
Fixes: 9d846b1aebbe ("gpiolib: check the return value of gpio_chip::get_direction()")
Reported-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/81f890fc-6688-42f0-9756-567efc8bb97a@samsung.com/
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250226-retval-fixes-v2-1-c8dc57182441@linaro.org
Tested-by: Gene C <arch@sapience.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250311175631.83779-1-brgl@bgdev.pl
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@linaro.org>
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This reverts commit f590308536db ("timer debug: Hide kernel addresses via
%pK in /proc/timer_list")
The timer list helper SEQ_printf() uses either the real seq_printf() for
procfs output or vprintk() to print to the kernel log, when invoked from
SysRq-q. It uses %pK for printing pointers.
In the past %pK was prefered over %p as it would not leak raw pointer
values into the kernel log. Since commit ad67b74d2469 ("printk: hash
addresses printed with %p") the regular %p has been improved to avoid this
issue.
Furthermore, restricted pointers ("%pK") were never meant to be used
through printk(). They can still unintentionally leak raw pointers or
acquire sleeping looks in atomic contexts.
Switch to the regular pointer formatting which is safer, easier to reason
about and sufficient here.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250113171731-dc10e3c1-da64-4af0-b767-7c7070468023@linutronix.de/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250311-restricted-pointers-timer-v1-1-6626b91e54ab@linutronix.de
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https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus
ASoC: Fixes for v6.14
The bulk of this is driver specific fixes, mostly unremarkable. There's
also one core fix from Charles, fixing up confusion around the limiting
of maximum control values.
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Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>
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test_and_{set,clear}_bit are fully ordered as specified in
Documentation/atomic_bitops.txt. Fix incorrect comment stating otherwise.
Note that the implementation is correct since commit
9347ce54cd69 ("RISC-V: __test_and_op_bit_ord should be strongly ordered")
was introduced.
Signed-off-by: Ignacio Encinas <ignacio@iencinas.com>
Signed-off-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
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Following a recent discussion at last Plumbers, John Stultz, Sumit
Sewal, TJ Mercier and I came to an agreement that we should document
what the dma-buf heaps names are expected to be, and what the buffers
attributes you'll get should be documented.
Let's create that doc to make sure those attributes and names are
guaranteed going forward.
Reviewed-by: T.J. Mercier <tjmercier@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard <mripard@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250306135114.1943738-1-mripard@kernel.org
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For now, it is time to remove -fno-jump-tables to enable jump table for
objtool if the compiler has -mannotate-tablejump, otherwise it is better
to remain -fno-jump-tables to keep compatibility with older compilers.
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241217010905.13054-8-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Acked-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
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The objtool program need to analysis the control flow of each object file
generated by compiler toolchain, it needs to know all the locations that
a branch instruction may jump into, if a jump table is used, objtool has
to correlate the jump instruction with the table.
On x86 (which is the only port supported by objtool before LoongArch),
there is a relocation type on the jump instruction and directly points
to the table. But on LoongArch, the relocation is on another kind of
instruction prior to the jump instruction, and also with scheduling it
is not very easy to tell the offset of that instruction from the jump
instruction. Furthermore, because LoongArch has -fsection-anchors (often
enabled at -O1 or above) the relocation may actually points to a section
anchor instead of the table itself.
For the jump table of switch cases, a GCC patch "LoongArch: Add support
to annotate tablejump" and a Clang patch "[LoongArch] Add options for
annotate tablejump" have been merged into the upstream mainline, it can
parse the additional section ".discard.tablejump_annotate" which stores
the jump info as pairs of addresses, each pair contains the address of
jump instruction and the address of jump table.
For the jump table of computed gotos, it is indeed not easy to implement
in the compiler, especially if there is more than one computed goto in a
function such as ___bpf_prog_run(). objdump kernel/bpf/core.o shows that
there are many table jump instructions in ___bpf_prog_run(), but there are
no relocations on the table jump instructions and to the table directly on
LoongArch.
Without the help of compiler, in order to figure out the address of goto
table for the special case of ___bpf_prog_run(), since the instruction
sequence is relatively single and stable, it makes sense to add a helper
find_reloc_of_rodata_c_jump_table() to find the relocation which points
to the section ".rodata..c_jump_table".
If find_reloc_by_table_annotate() failed, it means there is no relocation
info of switch table address in ".rela.discard.tablejump_annotate", then
objtool may find the relocation info of goto table ".rodata..c_jump_table"
with find_reloc_of_rodata_c_jump_table().
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250211115016.26913-6-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Acked-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
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The objtool program need to analysis the control flow of each object file
generated by compiler toolchain, it needs to know all the locations that
a branch instruction may jump into, if a jump table is used, objtool has
to correlate the jump instruction with the table.
On x86 (which is the only port supported by objtool before LoongArch),
there is a relocation type on the jump instruction and directly points
to the table. But on LoongArch, the relocation is on another kind of
instruction prior to the jump instruction, and also with scheduling it
is not very easy to tell the offset of that instruction from the jump
instruction. Furthermore, because LoongArch has -fsection-anchors (often
enabled at -O1 or above) the relocation may actually points to a section
anchor instead of the table itself.
The good news is that after continuous analysis and discussion, at last
a GCC patch "LoongArch: Add support to annotate tablejump" and a Clang
patch "[LoongArch] Add options for annotate tablejump" have been merged
into the upstream mainline, the compiler changes make life much easier
for switch table support of objtool on LoongArch.
By now, there is an additional section ".discard.tablejump_annotate" to
store the jump info as pairs of addresses, each pair contains the address
of jump instruction and the address of jump table.
In order to find switch table, it is easy to parse the relocation section
".rela.discard.tablejump_annotate" to get table_sec and table_offset, the
rest process is somehow like x86.
Additionally, it needs to get each table size. When compiling on LoongArch,
there are unsorted table offsets of rodata if there exist many jump tables,
it will get the wrong table end and find the wrong table jump destination
instructions in add_jump_table().
Sort the rodata table offset by parsing ".rela.discard.tablejump_annotate"
and then get each table size of rodata corresponded with each table jump
instruction, it is used to check the table end and will break the process
when parsing ".rela.rodata" to avoid getting the wrong jump destination
instructions.
Link: https://gcc.gnu.org/git/?p=gcc.git;a=commit;h=0ee028f55640
Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/4c2c17756739
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250211115016.26913-5-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Acked-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
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For the most part, an absolute relocation type is used for rodata.
In the case of STT_SECTION, reloc->sym->offset is always zero, for
the other symbol types, reloc_addend(reloc) is always zero, thus it
can use a simple statement "reloc->sym->offset + reloc_addend(reloc)"
to obtain the symbol offset for various symbol types.
When compiling on LoongArch, there exist PC relative relocation types
for rodata, it needs to calculate the symbol offset with "S + A - PC"
according to the spec of "ELF for the LoongArch Architecture".
If there is only one jump table in the rodata, the "PC" is the entry
address which is equal with the value of reloc_offset(reloc), at this
time, reloc_offset(table) is 0.
If there are many jump tables in the rodata, the "PC" is the offset
of the jump table's base address which is equal with the value of
reloc_offset(reloc) - reloc_offset(table).
So for LoongArch, if the relocation type is PC relative, it can use a
statement "reloc_offset(reloc) - reloc_offset(table)" to get the "PC"
value when calculating the symbol offset with "S + A - PC" for one or
many jump tables in the rodata.
Add an arch-specific function arch_jump_table_sym_offset() to assign
the symbol offset, for the most part that is an absolute relocation,
the default value is "reloc->sym->offset + reloc_addend(reloc)" in
the weak definition, it can be overridden by each architecture that
has different requirements.
Link: https://github.com/loongson/la-abi-specs/blob/release/laelf.adoc
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250211115016.26913-4-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Acked-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
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In the most cases, the entry size of rodata is 8 bytes because the
relocation type is 64 bit. There are also 32 bit relocation types,
the entry size of rodata should be 4 bytes in this case.
Add an arch-specific function arch_reloc_size() to assign the entry
size of rodata for x86, powerpc and LoongArch.
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250211115016.26913-3-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Acked-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
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In the relocation section ".rela.rodata" of each .o file compiled with
LoongArch toolchain, there are various symbol types such as STT_NOTYPE,
STT_OBJECT, STT_FUNC in addition to the usual STT_SECTION, it needs to
use reloc symbol offset instead of reloc addend to find the destination
instruction in find_jump_table() and add_jump_table().
For the most part, an absolute relocation type is used for rodata. In the
case of STT_SECTION, reloc->sym->offset is always zero, and for the other
symbol types, reloc_addend(reloc) is always zero, thus it can use a simple
statement "reloc->sym->offset + reloc_addend(reloc)" to obtain the symbol
offset for various symbol types.
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250211115016.26913-2-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Acked-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
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The check for using old libelf prints an error message when libelf.h is
not available but does not abort. This may confuse so hide the compiler
error message.
Signed-off-by: David Engraf <david.engraf@sysgo.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250203073610.206000-1-david.engraf@sysgo.com
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
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cross-ref of README
Commit fb12098d8ee4 ("docs: submit-checklist: Allow creating
cross-references for ABI README") assumes that the path of
"Documentation/ABI/README" would be converted to a cross-ref to
the README.
However, as the README is included by the "kernel-abi" directive
at Documentation/admin-guide/abi.rst, the expected conversion
does not happen.
Instead, use the path where the "kernel-abi" directive exists for
the conversion to work. Restore the original path of README in
inline-literal form as an additional note for readers of the .rst
file.
Apply the same changes for translations.
Signed-off-by: Akira Yokosawa <akiyks@gmail.com>
Fixes: fb12098d8ee4 ("docs: submit-checklist: Allow creating cross-references for ABI README")
Fixes: eb0c714120ba ("docs: translations: Allow creating cross-references for ABI README")
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org>
Cc: Yanteng Si <si.yanteng@linux.dev>
Cc: Dongliang Mu <dzm91@hust.edu.cn>
Cc: Hu Haowen <2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn>
Cc: Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@vaga.pv.it>
Cc: Carlos Bilbao <carlos.bilbao@kernel.org>
Cc: Avadhut Naik <avadhut.naik@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250304075734.56660-1-akiyks@gmail.com
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Ammend missing "install" operation keyword after "apt-get", and fix
"build-essentials" to "build-essential".
Signed-off-by: I Hsin Cheng <richard120310@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Charlie Jenkins <charlie@rivosinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250306030708.8133-1-richard120310@gmail.com
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Make the URL point to the "Plain Accesses and Data Races" section again
and prevent it from becoming stale by adding a commit id to it.
Signed-off-by: Ignacio Encinas <ignacio@iencinas.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250306-fix-plain-access-url-v1-1-9c653800f9e0@iencinas.com
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Updates the document to clearly describe the scope and role the TAB plays
in making decisions on unresolved violations. If and when the CoC has to
make a call on instituting a ban, it doesn't act without the TAB's approval
and only when the TAB approves it with 2/3 vote in favor of the measure.
These changes ensure that the TAB role and its oversight on CoC measures
is consistently described throughout the document.
Fixes: c818d5c64c9a8cc1 ("Documentation/CoC: spell out enforcement for unacceptable behaviors")
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250306211231.13154-1-shuah@kernel.org
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Point to post-merger site.
Signed-off-by: Fritz Koenig <frkoenig@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250312-dead_site-v2-1-920a313743ee@chromium.org
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Both get_feat.pl and list-arch.sh use uname -m to get the machine hardware
name to figure out the current architecture if no architecture is specified
with a command line option.
This doesn't work for s390, since for 64 bit kernels the hardware name is
s390x, while the architecture name within the kernel, as well as in all
feature files is s390.
Therefore substitute s390x with s390 similar to what is already done for
x86_64 and i386.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250312155219.3597768-1-hca@linux.ibm.com
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext
Pull sched_ext fix from Tejun Heo:
"BPF schedulers could trigger a crash by passing in an invalid CPU to
the scx_bpf_select_cpu_dfl() helper.
Fix it by verifying input validity"
* tag 'sched_ext-for-6.14-rc6-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext:
sched_ext: Validate prev_cpu in scx_bpf_select_cpu_dfl()
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/spi
Pull spi fixes from Mark Brown:
"A couple of driver specific fixes, an error handling fix for the Atmel
QuadSPI driver and a fix for a nasty synchronisation issue in the data
path for the Microchip driver which affects larger transfers.
There's also a MAINTAINERS update for the Samsung driver"
* tag 'spi-fix-v6.14-rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/spi:
spi: microchip-core: prevent RX overflows when transmit size > FIFO size
MAINTAINERS: add tambarus as R for Samsung SPI
spi: atmel-quadspi: remove references to runtime PM on error path
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Userspace can write to these fields for non-NV guests; add test that do
just that.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Ott <sebott@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/kvmarm/20250306184013.30008-1-sebott@redhat.com/
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
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Allow userspace to write the safe (NI) value for ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1.TGRAN*_2.
Disallow to change these fields for NV since kvm provides a sanitized view
for them based on the PAGE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Ott <sebott@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/kvmarm/20250306184013.30008-1-sebott@redhat.com/
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
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for_each_possible_cpu() is currently used to initialize cpuidle
in below cpuidle drivers:
drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-arm.c
drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-big_little.c
drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-psci.c
drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-qcom-spm.c
drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-riscv-sbi.c
However, in cpu_dev_register_generic(), for_each_present_cpu()
is used to register CPU devices which means the CPU devices are
only registered for present CPUs and not all possible CPUs.
With nosmp or maxcpus=0, only the boot CPU is present, lead
to the failure:
| Failed to register cpuidle device for cpu1
Then rollback to cancel all CPUs' cpuidle registration.
Change for_each_possible_cpu() to for_each_present_cpu() in the
above cpuidle drivers to ensure it only registers cpuidle devices
for CPUs that are actually present.
Fixes: b0c69e1214bc ("drivers: base: Use present CPUs in GENERIC_CPU_DEVICES")
Reviewed-by: Dhruva Gole <d-gole@ti.com>
Reviewed-by: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
Tested-by: Yuanjie Yang <quic_yuanjiey@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jacky Bai <ping.bai@nxp.com>
Reviewed-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250307145547.2784821-1-ping.bai@nxp.com
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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pm_clk_remove() is currently unused.
It hasn't been used since at least 2011 when it was renamed from
pm_runtime_clk_remove() by commit 3d5c30367cbc ("PM: Rename clock
management functions")
Remove it.
Note that the __pm_clk_remove() is still used and is left in.
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <linux@treblig.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250307212347.68785-1-linux@treblig.org
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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