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2018-11-12smsc: Replace spin_is_locked() with lockdepLance Roy
lockdep_assert_held() is better suited to checking locking requirements, since it only checks if the current thread holds the lock regardless of whether someone else does. This is also a step towards possibly removing spin_is_locked(). Signed-off-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com> Cc: Steve Glendinning <steve.glendinning@shawell.net> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: <netdev@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12sfc: Replace spin_is_locked() with lockdepLance Roy
lockdep_assert_held() is better suited to checking locking requirements, since it only checks if the current thread holds the lock regardless of whether someone else does. This is also a step towards possibly removing spin_is_locked(). Signed-off-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com> Cc: Solarflare linux maintainers <linux-net-drivers@solarflare.com> Cc: Bert Kenward <bkenward@solarflare.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: <netdev@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Edward Cree <ecree@solarflare.com>
2018-11-12checkpatch.pl: Suggest lockdep instead of asserting !spin_is_locked()Paul E. McKenney
This commit points people who might otherwise code up something like WARN_ON(!spin_is_locked(&mylock)) to lockdep_assert_held(&mylock). Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
2018-11-12checkpatch: Create table of obsolete APIs and apply to RCUJoe Perches
This patch creates a deprecated_apis map, which allows such APIs to be flagged with suggested replacements more compactly and straightforwardly. It also uses this map to flag the old flavorful RCU APIs as deprecated, suggesting their vanilla-RCU counterparts as replacements. Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> [ paulmck: Merged with earlier less-deft approach. ]
2018-11-12MAINTAINERS: Add Joel Fernandes as RCU reviewerPaul E. McKenney
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
2018-11-12rcu: Avoid signed integer overflow in rcu_preempt_deferred_qs()Paul E. McKenney
Subtracting INT_MIN can be interpreted as unconditional signed integer overflow, which according to the C standard is undefined behavior. Therefore, kernel build arguments notwithstanding, it would be good to future-proof the code. This commit therefore substitutes INT_MAX for INT_MIN in order to avoid undefined behavior. While in the neighborhood, this commit also creates some meaningful names for INT_MAX and friends in order to improve readability, as suggested by Joel Fernandes. Reported-by: Ran Rozenstein <ranro@mellanox.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12rcu: Replace this_cpu_ptr() with __this_cpu_read()Paul E. McKenney
Because __this_cpu_read() can be lighter weight than equivalent uses of this_cpu_ptr(), this commit replaces the latter with the former. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12rcu: Speed up expedited GPs when interrupting RCU readerPaul E. McKenney
In PREEMPT kernels, an expedited grace period might send an IPI to a CPU that is executing an RCU read-side critical section. In that case, it would be nice if the rcu_read_unlock() directly interacted with the RCU core code to immediately report the quiescent state. And this does happen in the case where the reader has been preempted. But it would also be a nice performance optimization if immediate reporting also happened in the preemption-free case. This commit therefore adds an ->exp_hint field to the task_struct structure's ->rcu_read_unlock_special field. The IPI handler sets this hint when it has interrupted an RCU read-side critical section, and this causes the outermost rcu_read_unlock() call to invoke rcu_read_unlock_special(), which, if preemption is enabled, reports the quiescent state immediately. If preemption is disabled, then the report is required to be deferred until preemption (or bottom halves or interrupts or whatever) is re-enabled. Because this is a hint, it does nothing for more complicated cases. For example, if the IPI interrupts an RCU reader, but interrupts are disabled across the rcu_read_unlock(), but another rcu_read_lock() is executed before interrupts are re-enabled, the hint will already have been cleared. If you do crazy things like this, reporting will be deferred until some later RCU_SOFTIRQ handler, context switch, cond_resched(), or similar. Reported-by: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
2018-11-12rcu: Trace end of grace period before end of grace periodPaul E. McKenney
Currently, rcu_gp_cleanup() traces the end of the old grace period after the old grace period has officially ended. This might make intuitive sense, but it also makes for confusing event-trace output because the "end" trace displays not the old but instead the new grace-period number. This commit therefore traces the end of an old grace period just before that grace period officially ends. Reported-by: Aravinda Prasad <aravinda@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12rcu: Adjust the comment of function rcu_is_watchingZhouyi Zhou
Because RCU avoids interrupting idle CPUs, rcu_is_watching() is used to test whether or not it is currently legal to run RCU read-side critical sections on this CPU. However, the first sentence and last sentences of current comment for rcu_is_watching have opposite meaning of what is expected. This commit therefore fixes this header comment. Signed-off-by: Zhouyi Zhou <zhouzhouyi@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12rcu: Add jiffies-since-GP-activity to show_rcu_gp_kthreads()Paul E. McKenney
This commit adds a printout of the number of jiffies since the last time that the RCU grace-period kthread did any processing. This can be useful when tracking down forward-progress issues. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12rcu: Add state name to show_rcu_gp_kthreads() outputPaul E. McKenney
This commit adds the name of the RCU grace-period state to the show_rcu_gp_kthreads() output in order to ease debugging. This commit also moves gp_state_getname() up in the code so that show_rcu_gp_kthreads() can use it. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12rcu: Parameterize rcu_check_gp_start_stall()Paul E. McKenney
In order to debug forward-progress stalls, it is necessary to check for excessively delayed grace-period starts. This is currently done for RCU CPU stall warnings by rcu_check_gp_start_stall(), which checks to see if the start of a requested grace period has been delayed by an RCU CPU stall warning period. Because rcutorture will need to check for the time consumed by an RCU forward-progress delay, this commit promotes gpssdelay from a local variable to a formal parameter. It is not necessary to export rcu_check_gp_start_stall() because rcutorture will access it via a wrapper function. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12rcu: Avoid double multiply by HZPaul E. McKenney
The rcu_check_gp_start_stall() function multiplies the return value from rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() by HZ, but the units are already in jiffies. This commit therefore avoids the need for introduction of a jiffies-squared unit by removing the extraneous multiplication. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12MAINTAINERS: Update from @linux.vnet.ibm.com to @linux.ibm.comPaul E. McKenney
IBM's patch-friendly email infrastructure is changing domains from @linux.vnet.ibm.com to @linux.ibm.com, which if nothing else might save a bit of typing. This commit therefore updates us stragglers' email addresses in the MAINTAINERS file. The old addresses are expected to continue to work for a few more months. While in the neighborhood, remove some obsolete entries, which results in an orphaned subsystem: "JSM Neo PCI based serial card". Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Douglas Miller <dougmill@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Eddie James <eajames@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Frank Haverkamp <haver@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Frederic Barrat <fbarrat@linux.ibm.com> Cc: John Allen <jallen@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Manoj N. Kumar <manoj@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew R. Ochs <mrochs@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Michael Cyr <mikecyr@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Paulo Flabiano Smorigo <pfsmorigo@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Philip Kelleher <pjk1939@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Steven Royer <seroyer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Thomas Falcon <tlfalcon@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Tyrel Datwyler <tyreld@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Uma Krishnan <ukrishn@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: James Bottomley <jejb@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: Fix "struction" typo in RCU memory-ordering documentationJoel Fernandes (Google)
This commit replaces "struction" with the correct "structure". Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: Correct parameter in stallwarnJoel Fernandes (Google)
The stallwarn document incorrectly mentions 'fps=' instead of 'fqs='. This commit orrects that. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: RCU scheduler spinlock rcu_read_unlock() restriction remainsPaul E. McKenney
Given RCU flavor consolidation, when rcu_read_unlock() is invoked with interrupts disabled, the reporting of the corresponding quiescent state is deferred until interrupts are re-enabled. There was therefore some hope that this would allow dropping the restriction against holding scheduler spinlocks across an rcu_read_unlock() without disabling interrupts across the entire corresponding RCU read-side critical section. Unfortunately, the need to quickly provide a quiescent state to expedited grace periods sometimes requires a call to raise_softirq() during rcu_read_unlock() execution. Because raise_softirq() can sometimes acquire the scheduler spinlocks, the restriction must remain in effect. This commit therefore updates the RCU requirements documentation accordingly. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: Make listing in RCU perf/scale requirements use rcu_assign_pointer()Joel Fernandes (Google)
The code listing under this section has a quick quiz that says line 19 uses rcu_access_pointer, but the code listing itself instead uses rcu_dereference(). This commit therefore makes the code listing match the quick quiz. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: Remove obsolete (non-)requirement about disabling preemptionJoel Fernandes (Google)
The Requirements.html document says "Disabling Preemption Does Not Block Grace Periods". However this is no longer true with the RCU consolidation. This commit therefore removes the obsolete (non-)requirement entirely. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: Make reader aware of rcu_dereference_protectedJoel Fernandes (Google)
The whatisRCU.txt document says rcu_dereference() cannot be used outside of rcu_read_lock() protected sections. The commit adds a mention of rcu_dereference_protected(), so that the new reader knows that this API can be used to avoid update-side use of rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(). Cc: tytso@mit.edu Suggested-by: tytso@mit.edu Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> [ paulmck: Update wording, including further feedback from Joel. ] Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: rcu: Encourage use of rcu_barrier in checklistJoel Fernandes (Google)
The checklist suggests rcu_barrier_bh() for RCU-bh and similarly for sched, however these APIs are now implemented as rcu_barrier() itself due to the RCU consolidation. This commit therefore corrects checklist.txt to encourage use of the underlying rcu_barrier() API. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: rcu: Remove obsolete checklist item about synchronize_rcu usageJoel Fernandes (Google)
Since the RCU mechanisms have been consolidated, the checklist item warning that synchronize_rcu() waits only for RCU readers is obsolete. This commit therefore removes this checklist item. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: rcu: Remove obsolete suggestion from checklistJoel Fernandes (Google)
call_rcu_bh is now implemented in terms of call_rcu, so the suggestion to use a different API for speed benefits is not accurate anymore. This commit updates the document accordingly. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: rcu: Add more rationale for using rcu_read_lock_sched in checklistJoel Fernandes (Google)
This commit explains why rcu_read_lock_sched is better than using preempt_disable. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: rcu: Update core and full API in whatisRCUJoel Fernandes (Google)
RCU consolidation effort causes the update side of the RCU API to be consistent across all the 3 RCU flavors (normal, sched, bh). This commit therefore updates the full API in the whatisRCU document, thus encouraging people to use the consolidated RCU update API instead of the old RCU-bh and RCU-sched update APIs. Also rcu_dereference is documented to be the same for all 3 mechanisms (even before the consolidation), however its actually different - as using the right rcu_dereference primitive (such as rcu_dereference_bh for bh) is needed to make lock debugging work correctly. This update also corrects that. Also, add local_bh_disable() and local_bh_enable() as softirq protection primitives and correct a grammar error in a quiz answer. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: Document rcutorture forward-progress test kernel parametersPaul E. McKenney
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: rcu: Update description of gp_seq fields in rcu_dataJoel Fernandes (Google)
The rcu_state structure doesn't have a gp_seq_needed field. Update the description under rcu_data accordingly, to reflect this. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: <kernel-team@android.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: rcu: Better clarify the rcu_segcblist ->len fieldJoel Fernandes (Google)
An important note under the rcu_segcblist description could use a more detailed description. Especially explanation of the scenario where the ->head field may be temporarily NULL making it not wise to rely on it to determine if callbacks are associated with the rcu_segcblist. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: <kernel-team@android.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: rcu: Update Data-Structures for RCU flavor consolidationJoel Fernandes (Google)
This patch updates all Data-Structures document figures and text and removes some unwanted figures, to reflect the recent work Paul has been doing with consolidating all flavors of RCU. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: <kernel-team@android.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: Remove rcu_dynticks from Data-StructuresJoel Fernandes (Google)
rcu_dynticks was folded into rcu_data structure. Update the data structures RCU document accordingly. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: <kernel-team@android.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12doc: Update information about resched_cpuJoel Fernandes (Google)
Since commit fced9c8cfe6b ("rcu: Avoid resched_cpu() when rescheduling the current CPU"), resched_cpu is not directly called from sync_sched_exp_handler. Update the documentation about the same. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: <kernel-team@android.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12rcu: Eliminate BUG_ON() for kernel/rcu/update.cPaul E. McKenney
The update.c file has a number of calls to BUG_ON(), which panics the kernel, which is not a good strategy for devices (like embedded) that don't have a way to capture console output. This commit therefore converts these BUG_ON() calls to WARN_ON_ONCE() and WARN_ONCE(). Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-12rcu: Eliminate BUG_ON() for kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.hPaul E. McKenney
The tree_plugin.h file has a number of calls to BUG_ON(), which panics the kernel, which is not a good strategy for devices (like embedded) that don't have a way to capture console output. This commit therefore converts these BUG_ON() calls to WARN_ON_ONCE() and WARN_ONCE(). Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> [ paulmck: Fix typo: s/rcuo/rcub/. ]
2018-11-11rcu: Stop expedited grace periods from relying on stop-machinePaul E. McKenney
The CPU-selection code in sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus() disables preemption to prevent the cpu_online_mask from changing. However, this relies on the stop-machine mechanism in the CPU-hotplug offline code, which is not desirable (it would be good to someday remove the stop-machine mechanism). This commit therefore instead uses the relevant leaf rcu_node structure's ->ffmask, which has a bit set for all CPUs that are fully functional. A given CPU's bit is cleared very early during offline processing by rcutree_offline_cpu() and set very late during online processing by rcutree_online_cpu(). Therefore, if a CPU's bit is set in this mask, and preemption is disabled, we have to be before the synchronize_sched() in the CPU-hotplug offline code, which means that the CPU is guaranteed to be workqueue-ready throughout the duration of the enclosing preempt_disable() region of code. This also has the side-effect of using WORK_CPU_UNBOUND if all the CPUs for this leaf rcu_node structure are offline, which is an acceptable difference in behavior. Reported-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08srcu: Prevent __call_srcu() counter wrap with read-side critical sectionPaul E. McKenney
Ever since cdf7abc4610a ("srcu: Allow use of Tiny/Tree SRCU from both process and interrupt context"), it has been permissible to use SRCU read-side critical sections in interrupt context. This allows __call_srcu() to use SRCU read-side critical sections to prevent a new SRCU grace period from ending before the call to either srcu_funnel_gp_start() or srcu_funnel_exp_start completes, thus preventing SRCU grace-period counter overflow during that time. Note that this does not permit removal of the counter-wrap checks in srcu_gp_end(). These check are necessary to handle the case where a given CPU does not interact at all with SRCU for an extended time period. This commit therefore adds an SRCU read-side critical section to __call_srcu() in order to prevent grace period counter wrap during the funnel-locking process. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08srcu: Fix kernel-doc missing notationRandy Dunlap
Fix kernel-doc warnings for missing parameter descriptions: ../include/linux/srcu.h:175: warning: Function parameter or member 'p' not described in 'srcu_dereference_notrace' ../include/linux/srcu.h:175: warning: Function parameter or member 'sp' not described in 'srcu_dereference_notrace' Fixes: 0b764a6e4e19d ("srcu: Add notrace variant of srcu_dereference") Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08x86/PCI: Replace spin_is_locked() with lockdepLance Roy
lockdep_assert_held() is better suited to checking locking requirements, since it only checks if the current thread holds the lock regardless of whether someone else does. This is also a step towards possibly removing spin_is_locked(). Signed-off-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: <x86@kernel.org> Cc: <linux-pci@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-08rcutorture: Make use of nolibc when availableWilly Tarreau
This reduces the size of the init executable from ~800 kB to ~800 bytes on x86_64. This is only implemented for x86_64, i386, arm and arm64. Others not tested. Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08rcutorture: Import a copy of nolibcWilly Tarreau
This is a definition of the most common syscalls needed in minimalist init executables, allowing to statically build them with no external dependencies. It is sufficient in its current form to build rcutorture's init on x86_64, i386, arm, and arm64. Others have not been ported or tested. Updates may be found here : http://git.formilux.org/?p=people/willy/nolibc.git Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08rcutorture: Check initrd/init instead of initrd onlyWilly Tarreau
If the build fails, we can end up with an empty initrd directory which prevents the build script from operating again. Better rely on the resulting init executable instead. Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08rcutorture: Always strip using the cross-compilerWilly Tarreau
Strip using -s on the compiler command line instead of calling the "strip" utility as the latter isn't necessarily compatible with the target arch. Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08rcutorture: Add cross-compile capability to initrd.shPaul E. McKenney
This adds the CROSS_COMPILE environment to the initrd.sh script's gcc command to enable cross compilation. Reported-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08rcutorture: Make initrd/init execute in userspacePaul E. McKenney
Currently, the initrd/init script and executable remain blocked almost all the time. However, it is necessary to test nohz_full userspace execution, which both variants of initrd/init fail to do. This commit therefore causes initrd/init to spend about a millisecond per second executing in userspace. Reported-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08rcutorture: Add initrd support for systems lacking dracutPaul E. McKenney
The support for creating initrd directories using dracut is a great improvement over having to always hand-create them, it is a bit annoying to have to install some otherwise irrelevant package just to be able to run rcutorture. This commit therefore adds support for creating initrd directories on systems innocent of dracut. You do need gcc, but then again you need that to build the kernel (or to build llvm) in any case. The idea is to create an initrd directory containing nothing but a statically linked binary having a for-loop over a long-term sleep(). The result is a Linux kernel with almost no userspace: even the time-honored /dev, /lib, /tmp, and /usr directories are gone. In fact, the only directory present is "/", but only because I don't know how to get rid of it, at least short of not having an initrd in the first place. Although statically linked binaries are much maligned, and rightly so, their disadvantages seem to be irrelevant for this particular use case. From https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/no_static_linking.html: 1. Fixes are difficult to apply to hordes of widely scattered statically linked binaries. But in this case, there is only one binary, but there would otherwise be no fewer than four libraries. 2. Security measures like local address randomization cannot be used. Prudence prevents me from asserting that it is impossible to base a remote attack on a networking-free rcutorture instance. Nevertheless, bonus points to the first person who comes up with such an attack! 3. More efficient use of physical memory. Not in this case, given that libc is 1.8MB and the statically linked binary "only" 800K. 4. Features such as locales, name service switch (NSS), internationalized domain names (IDN) tool, and so on require dynamic linking. Bonus points to the first person coming up with a valid rcutorture use case requiring these features in its initrd. 5. Accidental violations of (L)GPL. Actually, this change actually helps -avoid- such violations by reducing the temptation to pass around tarballs of rcutorture-ready initrd directories. After all, the rcutorture scripts automatically create an initrd directory for you, so why bother with the tarballs? 6. Tools and hacks like ltrace, LD_PRELOAD, LD_PROFILE, and LD_AUDIT don't work. Again, bonus points to the first person coming up with a valid rcutorture use case requiring these features in its initrd. Nevertheless, the script will use dracut if available, and will create the statically linked binary only when dracut are missing. Those preferring the smaller initrd directory resulting from the statically linked binary (like me) are free to hand-edit mkinitrd.sh to remove the code using dracut. ;-) Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08rcutorture: Automatically create initrd directoryConnor Shu
The rcutorture scripts currently expect the user to create the tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/initrd directory. Should the user fail to do this, the kernel build will fail with obscure and confusing error messages. This commit therefore adds explicit checks for the tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/initrd directory, and if not present, creates one on systems on which dracut is installed. If this directory could not be created, a less obscure error message is emitted and the test is aborted. Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Connor Shu <Connor.Shu@ibm.com> [ paulmck: Adapt the script to fit into the rcutorture framework and severely abbreviate the initrd/init script. ] Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08doc: Remove rcu_preempt_state reference in stallwarnJoel Fernandes (Google)
Consolidation of RCU-bh, RCU-preempt, and RCU-sched into one RCU flavor to rule them all resulted in the removal of rcu_preempt_state. However, stallwarn.txt still mentions rcu_preempt_state. This commit therefore Updates stallwarn documentation accordingly. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: <kernel-team@android.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-08doc: Clarify RCU data-structure comment about rcu_tree fanoutJoel Fernandes (Google)
RCU Data-Structures document describes a trick to test RCU with small number of CPUs but with a taller tree. It wasn't immediately clear how the document arrived at 16 CPUs which also requires setting the FANOUT_LEAF to 2 instead of the default of 16. This commit therefore provides the needed clarification. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: <kernel-team@android.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
2018-11-08doc: Set down forward-progress requirementsPaul E. McKenney
This commit adds a section to the requirements documentation setting down requirements for grace-period and callback-invocation forward progress. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2018-11-08powerpc: Convert hugepd_free() to use call_rcu()Paul E. McKenney
Now that call_rcu()'s callback is not invoked until after all preempt-disable regions of code have completed (in addition to explicitly marked RCU read-side critical sections), call_rcu() can be used in place of call_rcu_sched(). This commit therefore makes that change. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>