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Commit 57ea2a34adf4 ("tracing/kprobes: Fix trace_probe flags on
enable_trace_kprobe() failure") added an if statement that depends on another
if statement that gcc doesn't see will initialize the "link" variable and
gives the warning:
"warning: 'link' may be used uninitialized in this function"
It is really a false positive, but to quiet the warning, and also to make
sure that it never actually is used uninitialized, initialize the "link"
variable to NULL and add an if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(!link)) where the compiler
thinks it could be used uninitialized.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 57ea2a34adf4 ("tracing/kprobes: Fix trace_probe flags on enable_trace_kprobe() failure")
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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There was a case that triggered a double free in event_trigger_callback()
due to the called reg() function freeing the trigger_data and then it
getting freed again by the error return by the caller. The solution there
was to up the trigger_data ref count.
Code inspection found that event_enable_trigger_func() has the same issue,
but is not as easy to trigger (requires harder to trigger failures). It
needs to be solved slightly different as it needs more to clean up when the
reg() function fails.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180725124008.7008e586@gandalf.local.home
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 7862ad1846e99 ("tracing: Add 'enable_event' and 'disable_event' event trigger commands")
Reivewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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Polling for the ingress queues relies on reading the producer/consumer
pointers of the Rx queue.
Prior this commit, a cached consumer pointer could be used, instead of
the actual consumer pointer and therefore report POLLIN prematurely.
This patch makes sure that the non-cached consumer pointer is used
instead.
Reported-by: Qi Zhang <qi.z.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Qi Zhang <qi.z.zhang@intel.com>
Fixes: c497176cb2e4 ("xsk: add Rx receive functions and poll support")
Signed-off-by: Björn Töpel <bjorn.topel@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
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Commit 24dea04767e6 ("bpf, x32: remove ld_abs/ld_ind")
removed the 4 /* Extra space for skb_copy_bits buffer */
from _STACK_SIZE, but it didn't fix the concerned code
in emit_prologue and emit_epilogue, and this error will
bring very strange kernel runtime errors. This patch
fixes it.
Fixes: 24dea04767e6 ("bpf, x32: remove ld_abs/ld_ind")
Reported-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Bisected-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Signed-off-by: Wang YanQing <udknight@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
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Fixes the following sparse warnings:
net/ipv4/igmp.c:1391:6: warning:
symbol '__ip_mc_inc_group' was not declared. Should it be static?
Fixes: 6e2059b53f98 ("ipv4/igmp: init group mode as INCLUDE when join source group")
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <weiyongjun1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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We observed high 99 and 99.9% latencies when doing RPCs with DCTCP. The
problem is triggered when the last packet of a request arrives CE
marked. The reply will carry the ECE mark causing TCP to shrink its cwnd
to 1 (because there are no packets in flight). When the 1st packet of
the next request arrives, the ACK was sometimes delayed even though it
is CWR marked, adding up to 40ms to the RPC latency.
This patch insures that CWR marked data packets arriving will be acked
immediately.
Packetdrill script to reproduce the problem:
0.000 socket(..., SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 3
0.000 setsockopt(3, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, [1], 4) = 0
0.000 setsockopt(3, SOL_TCP, TCP_CONGESTION, "dctcp", 5) = 0
0.000 bind(3, ..., ...) = 0
0.000 listen(3, 1) = 0
0.100 < [ect0] SEW 0:0(0) win 32792 <mss 1000,sackOK,nop,nop,nop,wscale 7>
0.100 > SE. 0:0(0) ack 1 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 8>
0.110 < [ect0] . 1:1(0) ack 1 win 257
0.200 accept(3, ..., ...) = 4
0.200 < [ect0] . 1:1001(1000) ack 1 win 257
0.200 > [ect01] . 1:1(0) ack 1001
0.200 write(4, ..., 1) = 1
0.200 > [ect01] P. 1:2(1) ack 1001
0.200 < [ect0] . 1001:2001(1000) ack 2 win 257
0.200 write(4, ..., 1) = 1
0.200 > [ect01] P. 2:3(1) ack 2001
0.200 < [ect0] . 2001:3001(1000) ack 3 win 257
0.200 < [ect0] . 3001:4001(1000) ack 3 win 257
0.200 > [ect01] . 3:3(0) ack 4001
0.210 < [ce] P. 4001:4501(500) ack 3 win 257
+0.001 read(4, ..., 4500) = 4500
+0 write(4, ..., 1) = 1
+0 > [ect01] PE. 3:4(1) ack 4501
+0.010 < [ect0] W. 4501:5501(1000) ack 4 win 257
// Previously the ACK sequence below would be 4501, causing a long RTO
+0.040~+0.045 > [ect01] . 4:4(0) ack 5501 // delayed ack
+0.311 < [ect0] . 5501:6501(1000) ack 4 win 257 // More data
+0 > [ect01] . 4:4(0) ack 6501 // now acks everything
+0.500 < F. 9501:9501(0) ack 4 win 257
Modified based on comments by Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Lawrence Brakmo <brakmo@fb.com>
Acked-by: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Acked-by: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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On GLK NUC platforms the HDMI retiming buffer needs additional disabled
time to correctly sync to a faster incoming signal.
When measured on a scope the highspeed lines of the HDMI clock turn off
for ~400uS during a normal resolution change. The HDMI retimer on the
GLK NUC appears to require at least a full frame of quiet time before a
new faster clock can be correctly sync'd. Wait 100ms due to msleep
inaccuracies while waiting for a completed frame. Add a quirk to the
driver for GLK boards that use ITE66317 HDMI retimers.
V2: Add more devices to the quirk list
V3: Delay increased to 100ms, check to confirm crtc type is HDMI.
V4: crtc type check extended to include _DDI and whitespace fixes
v5: Fix white spaces, remove the macro for delay. Revert the crtc type
check introduced in v4.
Cc: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.14+
Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=105887
Signed-off-by: Clint Taylor <clinton.a.taylor@intel.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Scheller <d.scheller.oss@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Radhakrishna Sripada <radhakrishna.sripada@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20180710200205.1478-1-radhakrishna.sripada@intel.com
(cherry picked from commit 90c3e2198777aaa355b6994a31a79c636c8d4306)
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
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Otherwise interfaces get exposed under /sys/devices/virtual, which
doesn't give udev the context it needs for PCI-based predictable
interface names.
Signed-off-by: dann frazier <dann.frazier@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/acme/linux into perf/core
Pull perf/cores fixes and improvements from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:
Tools:
top:
- Fix 'struct comm_str' removal crash race, detected with refcount_t
debugging (Jiri Olsa)
- Use last_match threads cache only in single threaded mode, fixing
a crash (Jiri Olsa)
record:
- Synthesize GROUP_DESC feature in pipe mode fixing display of
event groups (Jiri Olsa)
stat:
- Get rid of extra clock display function (Jiri Olsa)
perf script:
- Show correct offsets for DWARF-based unwinding (Sandipan Das)
test:
- Check that complex event name is parsed correctly (Alexey Budankov)
- Fix subtest number when showing results (Thomas Richter)
Arch specific:
arm64:
- Generate syscall table from the kernel sources (asm/unistd.h) like
other arches do, speeding up the support for new system calls in
tools such as 'perf trace' (Kim Phillips)
arm:
- Bail out immediatelly on CoreSight hardware tracing instruction sample failure (Leo Yan)
PowerPC:
- Fix record+probe_libc_inet_pton.sh 'perf test' entry (Sandipan Das)
- Callchain IP filtering fixes (Sandipan Das)
S/390:
- Add support for detailed S/390 PMU event description in 'perf list' (Thomas Richter)
- Add transaction flag (-T) support in 'perf stat' for S/390 (Thomas Richter)
- Fix 'perf kvm' S/390 subcommands (Thomas Richter)
Infrastructure:
hists:
- Clarify callchain disabling when available (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
evsel:
- Use perf_evsel__match instead of open coded equivalent (Jiri Olsa)
Documentation:
- Add missing documentation for 'perf list' --desc and --debug options (Sangwon Hong)
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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When received packets are dropped in virtio_net driver, received packets
counter is incremented but bytes counter is not.
As a result, for instance if we drop all packets by XDP, only received
is counted and bytes stays 0, which looks inconsistent.
IMHO received packets/bytes should be counted if packets are produced by
the hypervisor, like what common NICs on physical machines are doing.
So fix the bytes counter.
Signed-off-by: Toshiaki Makita <makita.toshiaki@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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This is needed to ensure ->is_unity is correct when the plane was
previously configured to output a multi-planar format with scaling
enabled, and is then being reconfigured to output a uniplanar format.
Fixes: fc04023fafec ("drm/vc4: Add support for YUV planes.")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@bootlin.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20180724133601.32114-1-boris.brezillon@bootlin.com
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gcc happy
drm_atomic_helper_async_check() declares the plane, old_plane_state and
new_plane_state variables to iterate over all planes of the atomic
state and make sure only one plane is enabled.
Unfortunately gcc is not smart enough to figure out that the check on
n_planes is enough to guarantee that plane, new_plane_state and
old_plane_state are initialized.
Explicitly initialize those variables to NULL to make gcc happy.
Fixes: fef9df8b5945 ("drm/atomic: initial support for asynchronous plane update")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@bootlin.com>
Reviewed-by: Sean Paul <seanpaul@chromium.org>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20180724133300.32023-1-boris.brezillon@bootlin.com
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Async plane update is supposed to work only when updating the FB or FB
position of an already enabled plane. That does not apply to requests
where the plane was previously disabled or assigned to a different
CTRC.
Check old_plane_state->crtc value to make sure async plane update is
allowed.
Fixes: fef9df8b5945 ("drm/atomic: initial support for asynchronous plane update")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@bootlin.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20180724133215.31917-1-boris.brezillon@bootlin.com
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/clk/linux
Pull clk fixes from Stephen Boyd:
"One more round of updates for problems seen this -rc series. Drivers
fixes are:
- Amlogic Meson audio divider fix and CPU clk critical marking
- Qualcomm multimedia GDSC marked as 'always on' to keep display
working
- Aspeed fixes for critical clks, resets causing clks to stay
disabled, and an incorrect HPLL frequency calculation
- Marvell Armada 3700 cpu clks would undervolt when switching from
low frequencies to high frequencies because the voltage didn't
stabilize in time so now we switch to an intermediate frequency
Plus we have a core framework thinko that messed up the debugfs flag
printing logic to make it not very useful"
* tag 'clk-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/clk/linux:
clk: aspeed: Support HPLL strapping on ast2400
clk: mvebu: armada-37xx-periph: Fix switching CPU rate from 300Mhz to 1.2GHz
clk: aspeed: Mark bclk (PCIe) and dclk (VGA) as critical
clk/mmcc-msm8996: Make mmagic_bimc_gdsc ALWAYS_ON
clk: aspeed: Treat a gate in reset as disabled
clk: Really show symbolic clock flags in debugfs
clk: qcom: gcc-msm8996: Disable halt check on UFS tx clock
clk: meson: audio-divider is one based
clk: meson-gxbb: set fclk_div2 as CLK_IS_CRITICAL
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-fs
Pull fscache/cachefiles fixes from David Howells:
- Allow cancelled operations to be queued so they can be cleaned up.
- Fix a refcounting bug in the monitoring of reads on backend files
whereby a race can occur between monitor objects being listed for
work, the work processing being queued and the work processor running
and destroying the monitor objects.
- Fix a ref overput in object attachment, whereby a tentatively
considered object is put in error handling without first being 'got'.
- Fix a missing clear of the CACHEFILES_OBJECT_ACTIVE flag whereby an
assertion occurs when we retry because it seems the object is now
active.
- Wait rather BUG'ing on an object collision in the depths of
cachefiles as the active object should be being cleaned up - also
depends on the one above.
* tag 'fscache-fixes-20180725' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-fs:
cachefiles: Wait rather than BUG'ing on "Unexpected object collision"
cachefiles: Fix missing clear of the CACHEFILES_OBJECT_ACTIVE flag
fscache: Fix reference overput in fscache_attach_object() error handling
cachefiles: Fix refcounting bug in backing-file read monitoring
fscache: Allow cancelled operations to be enqueued
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If enable_trace_kprobe fails to enable the probe in enable_k(ret)probe
it returns an error, but does not unset the tp flags it set previously.
This results in a probe being considered enabled and failures like being
unable to remove the probe through kprobe_events file since probes_open()
expects every probe to be disabled.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180725102826.8300-1-asavkov@redhat.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180725142038.4765-1-asavkov@redhat.com
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 41a7dd420c57 ("tracing/kprobes: Support ftrace_event_file base multibuffer")
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Artem Savkov <asavkov@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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Add a testcase for checking snapshot and tracing_on
relationship. This ensures that the snapshotting doesn't
affect current tracing on/off settings.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/153149932412.11274.15289227592627901488.stgit@devbox
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tom.zanussi@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hiraku Toyooka <hiraku.toyooka@cybertrust.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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Maintain the tracing on/off setting of the ring_buffer when switching
to the trace buffer snapshot.
Taking a snapshot is done by swapping the backup ring buffer
(max_tr_buffer). But since the tracing on/off setting is defined
by the ring buffer, when swapping it, the tracing on/off setting
can also be changed. This causes a strange result like below:
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # cat tracing_on
1
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # echo 0 > tracing_on
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # cat tracing_on
0
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # echo 1 > snapshot
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # cat tracing_on
1
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # echo 1 > snapshot
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # cat tracing_on
0
We don't touch tracing_on, but snapshot changes tracing_on
setting each time. This is an anomaly, because user doesn't know
that each "ring_buffer" stores its own tracing-enable state and
the snapshot is done by swapping ring buffers.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/153149929558.11274.11730609978254724394.stgit@devbox
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tom.zanussi@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hiraku Toyooka <hiraku.toyooka@cybertrust.co.jp>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: debdd57f5145 ("tracing: Make a snapshot feature available from userspace")
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
[ Updated commit log and comment in the code ]
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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Running the following:
# cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
# echo 500000 > buffer_size_kb
[ Or some other number that takes up most of memory ]
# echo snapshot > events/sched/sched_switch/trigger
Triggers the following bug:
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at mm/slub.c:296!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC PTI
CPU: 6 PID: 6878 Comm: bash Not tainted 4.18.0-rc6-test+ #1066
Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq Pro 6300 SFF/339A, BIOS K01 v03.03 07/14/2016
RIP: 0010:kfree+0x16c/0x180
Code: 05 41 0f b6 72 51 5b 5d 41 5c 4c 89 d7 e9 ac b3 f8 ff 48 89 d9 48 89 da 41 b8 01 00 00 00 5b 5d 41 5c 4c 89 d6 e9 f4 f3 ff ff <0f> 0b 0f 0b 48 8b 3d d9 d8 f9 00 e9 c1 fe ff ff 0f 1f 40 00 0f 1f
RSP: 0018:ffffb654436d3d88 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: ffff91a9d50f3d80 RBX: ffff91a9d50f3d80 RCX: ffff91a9d50f3d80
RDX: 00000000000006a4 RSI: ffff91a9de5a60e0 RDI: ffff91a9d9803500
RBP: ffffffff8d267c80 R08: 00000000000260e0 R09: ffffffff8c1a56be
R10: fffff0d404543cc0 R11: 0000000000000389 R12: ffffffff8c1a56be
R13: ffff91a9d9930e18 R14: ffff91a98c0c2890 R15: ffffffff8d267d00
FS: 00007f363ea64700(0000) GS:ffff91a9de580000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 000055c1cacc8e10 CR3: 00000000d9b46003 CR4: 00000000001606e0
Call Trace:
event_trigger_callback+0xee/0x1d0
event_trigger_write+0xfc/0x1a0
__vfs_write+0x33/0x190
? handle_mm_fault+0x115/0x230
? _cond_resched+0x16/0x40
vfs_write+0xb0/0x190
ksys_write+0x52/0xc0
do_syscall_64+0x5a/0x160
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe
RIP: 0033:0x7f363e16ab50
Code: 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d 38 83 2c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 83 3d 79 db 2c 00 00 75 10 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 31 c3 48 83 ec 08 e8 1e e3 01 00 48 89 04 24
RSP: 002b:00007fff9a4c6378 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000009 RCX: 00007f363e16ab50
RDX: 0000000000000009 RSI: 000055c1cacc8e10 RDI: 0000000000000001
RBP: 000055c1cacc8e10 R08: 00007f363e435740 R09: 00007f363ea64700
R10: 0000000000000073 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000009
R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 00007f363e4345e0 R15: 00007f363e4303c0
Modules linked in: ip6table_filter ip6_tables snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_codec_generic snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec snd_hwdep snd_hda_core snd_seq snd_seq_device i915 snd_pcm snd_timer i2c_i801 snd soundcore i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper
86_pkg_temp_thermal video kvm_intel kvm irqbypass wmi e1000e
---[ end trace d301afa879ddfa25 ]---
The cause is because the register_snapshot_trigger() call failed to
allocate the snapshot buffer, and then called unregister_trigger()
which freed the data that was passed to it. Then on return to the
function that called register_snapshot_trigger(), as it sees it
failed to register, it frees the trigger_data again and causes
a double free.
By calling event_trigger_init() on the trigger_data (which only ups
the reference counter for it), and then event_trigger_free() afterward,
the trigger_data would not get freed by the registering trigger function
as it would only up and lower the ref count for it. If the register
trigger function fails, then the event_trigger_free() called after it
will free the trigger data normally.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180724191331.738eb819@gandalf.local.home
Cc: stable@vger.kerne.org
Fixes: 93e31ffbf417 ("tracing: Add 'snapshot' event trigger command")
Reported-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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If we meet a conflicting object that is marked FSCACHE_OBJECT_IS_LIVE in
the active object tree, we have been emitting a BUG after logging
information about it and the new object.
Instead, we should wait for the CACHEFILES_OBJECT_ACTIVE flag to be cleared
on the old object (or return an error). The ACTIVE flag should be cleared
after it has been removed from the active object tree. A timeout of 60s is
used in the wait, so we shouldn't be able to get stuck there.
Fixes: 9ae326a69004 ("CacheFiles: A cache that backs onto a mounted filesystem")
Signed-off-by: Kiran Kumar Modukuri <kiran.modukuri@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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In cachefiles_mark_object_active(), the new object is marked active and
then we try to add it to the active object tree. If a conflicting object
is already present, we want to wait for that to go away. After the wait,
we go round again and try to re-mark the object as being active - but it's
already marked active from the first time we went through and a BUG is
issued.
Fix this by clearing the CACHEFILES_OBJECT_ACTIVE flag before we try again.
Analysis from Kiran Kumar Modukuri:
[Impact]
Oops during heavy NFS + FSCache + Cachefiles
CacheFiles: Error: Overlong wait for old active object to go away.
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000002
CacheFiles: Error: Object already active kernel BUG at
fs/cachefiles/namei.c:163!
[Cause]
In a heavily loaded system with big files being read and truncated, an
fscache object for a cookie is being dropped and a new object being
looked. The new object being looked for has to wait for the old object
to go away before the new object is moved to active state.
[Fix]
Clear the flag 'CACHEFILES_OBJECT_ACTIVE' for the new object when
retrying the object lookup.
[Testcase]
Have run ~100 hours of NFS stress tests and have not seen this bug recur.
[Regression Potential]
- Limited to fscache/cachefiles.
Fixes: 9ae326a69004 ("CacheFiles: A cache that backs onto a mounted filesystem")
Signed-off-by: Kiran Kumar Modukuri <kiran.modukuri@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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When a cookie is allocated that causes fscache_object structs to be
allocated, those objects are initialised with the cookie pointer, but
aren't blessed with a ref on that cookie unless the attachment is
successfully completed in fscache_attach_object().
If attachment fails because the parent object was dying or there was a
collision, fscache_attach_object() returns without incrementing the cookie
counter - but upon failure of this function, the object is released which
then puts the cookie, whether or not a ref was taken on the cookie.
Fix this by taking a ref on the cookie when it is assigned in
fscache_object_init(), even when we're creating a root object.
Analysis from Kiran Kumar:
This bug has been seen in 4.4.0-124-generic #148-Ubuntu kernel
BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1776277
fscache cookie ref count updated incorrectly during fscache object
allocation resulting in following Oops.
kernel BUG at /build/linux-Y09MKI/linux-4.4.0/fs/fscache/internal.h:321!
kernel BUG at /build/linux-Y09MKI/linux-4.4.0/fs/fscache/cookie.c:639!
[Cause]
Two threads are trying to do operate on a cookie and two objects.
(1) One thread tries to unmount the filesystem and in process goes over a
huge list of objects marking them dead and deleting the objects.
cookie->usage is also decremented in following path:
nfs_fscache_release_super_cookie
-> __fscache_relinquish_cookie
->__fscache_cookie_put
->BUG_ON(atomic_read(&cookie->usage) <= 0);
(2) A second thread tries to lookup an object for reading data in following
path:
fscache_alloc_object
1) cachefiles_alloc_object
-> fscache_object_init
-> assign cookie, but usage not bumped.
2) fscache_attach_object -> fails in cant_attach_object because the
cookie's backing object or cookie's->parent object are going away
3) fscache_put_object
-> cachefiles_put_object
->fscache_object_destroy
->fscache_cookie_put
->BUG_ON(atomic_read(&cookie->usage) <= 0);
[NOTE from dhowells] It's unclear as to the circumstances in which (2) can
take place, given that thread (1) is in nfs_kill_super(), however a
conflicting NFS mount with slightly different parameters that creates a
different superblock would do it. A backtrace from Kiran seems to show
that this is a possibility:
kernel BUG at/build/linux-Y09MKI/linux-4.4.0/fs/fscache/cookie.c:639!
...
RIP: __fscache_cookie_put+0x3a/0x40 [fscache]
Call Trace:
__fscache_relinquish_cookie+0x87/0x120 [fscache]
nfs_fscache_release_super_cookie+0x2d/0xb0 [nfs]
nfs_kill_super+0x29/0x40 [nfs]
deactivate_locked_super+0x48/0x80
deactivate_super+0x5c/0x60
cleanup_mnt+0x3f/0x90
__cleanup_mnt+0x12/0x20
task_work_run+0x86/0xb0
exit_to_usermode_loop+0xc2/0xd0
syscall_return_slowpath+0x4e/0x60
int_ret_from_sys_call+0x25/0x9f
[Fix] Bump up the cookie usage in fscache_object_init, when it is first
being assigned a cookie atomically such that the cookie is added and bumped
up if its refcount is not zero. Remove the assignment in
fscache_attach_object().
[Testcase]
I have run ~100 hours of NFS stress tests and not seen this bug recur.
[Regression Potential]
- Limited to fscache/cachefiles.
Fixes: ccc4fc3d11e9 ("FS-Cache: Implement the cookie management part of the netfs API")
Signed-off-by: Kiran Kumar Modukuri <kiran.modukuri@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
|
|
cachefiles_read_waiter() has the right to access a 'monitor' object by
virtue of being called under the waitqueue lock for one of the pages in its
purview. However, it has no ref on that monitor object or on the
associated operation.
What it is allowed to do is to move the monitor object to the operation's
to_do list, but once it drops the work_lock, it's actually no longer
permitted to access that object. However, it is trying to enqueue the
retrieval operation for processing - but it can only do this via a pointer
in the monitor object, something it shouldn't be doing.
If it doesn't enqueue the operation, the operation may not get processed.
If the order is flipped so that the enqueue is first, then it's possible
for the work processor to look at the to_do list before the monitor is
enqueued upon it.
Fix this by getting a ref on the operation so that we can trust that it
will still be there once we've added the monitor to the to_do list and
dropped the work_lock. The op can then be enqueued after the lock is
dropped.
The bug can manifest in one of a couple of ways. The first manifestation
looks like:
FS-Cache:
FS-Cache: Assertion failed
FS-Cache: 6 == 5 is false
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at fs/fscache/operation.c:494!
RIP: 0010:fscache_put_operation+0x1e3/0x1f0
...
fscache_op_work_func+0x26/0x50
process_one_work+0x131/0x290
worker_thread+0x45/0x360
kthread+0xf8/0x130
? create_worker+0x190/0x190
? kthread_cancel_work_sync+0x10/0x10
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
This is due to the operation being in the DEAD state (6) rather than
INITIALISED, COMPLETE or CANCELLED (5) because it's already passed through
fscache_put_operation().
The bug can also manifest like the following:
kernel BUG at fs/fscache/operation.c:69!
...
[exception RIP: fscache_enqueue_operation+246]
...
#7 [ffff883fff083c10] fscache_enqueue_operation at ffffffffa0b793c6
#8 [ffff883fff083c28] cachefiles_read_waiter at ffffffffa0b15a48
#9 [ffff883fff083c48] __wake_up_common at ffffffff810af028
I'm not entirely certain as to which is line 69 in Lei's kernel, so I'm not
entirely clear which assertion failed.
Fixes: 9ae326a69004 ("CacheFiles: A cache that backs onto a mounted filesystem")
Reported-by: Lei Xue <carmark.dlut@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Anthony DeRobertis <aderobertis@metrics.net>
Reported-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Reported-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Reported-by: Kiran Kumar Modukuri <kiran.modukuri@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
|
|
Alter the state-check assertion in fscache_enqueue_operation() to allow
cancelled operations to be given processing time so they can be cleaned up.
Also fix a debugging statement that was requiring such operations to have
an object assigned.
Fixes: 9ae326a69004 ("CacheFiles: A cache that backs onto a mounted filesystem")
Reported-by: Kiran Kumar Modukuri <kiran.modukuri@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
|
|
Arnd reports the following arm64 randconfig build error with the PSI
patches that add another page flag:
/git/arm-soc/arch/arm64/mm/init.c: In function 'mem_init':
/git/arm-soc/include/linux/compiler.h:357:38: error: call to
'__compiletime_assert_618' declared with attribute error: BUILD_BUG_ON
failed: sizeof(struct page) > (1 << STRUCT_PAGE_MAX_SHIFT)
The additional page flag causes other information stored in
page->flags to get bumped into their own struct page member:
#if SECTIONS_WIDTH+ZONES_WIDTH+NODES_SHIFT+LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT <=
BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS
#define LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT
#else
#define LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH 0
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING) && LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH == 0
#define LAST_CPUPID_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
#endif
which in turn causes the struct page size to exceed the size set in
STRUCT_PAGE_MAX_SHIFT. This value is an an estimate used to size the
VMEMMAP page array according to address space and struct page size.
However, the check is performed - and triggers here - on a !VMEMMAP
config, which consumes an additional 22 page bits for the sparse
section id. When VMEMMAP is enabled, those bits are returned, cpupid
doesn't need its own member, and the page passes the VMEMMAP check.
Restrict that check to the situation it was meant to check: that we
are sizing the VMEMMAP page array correctly.
Says Arnd:
Further experiments show that the build error already existed before,
but was only triggered with larger values of CONFIG_NR_CPU and/or
CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT that might be used in actual configurations but
not in randconfig builds.
With longer CPU and node masks, I could recreate the problem with
kernels as old as linux-4.7 when arm64 NUMA support got added.
Reported-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Tested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 1a2db300348b ("arm64, numa: Add NUMA support for arm64 platforms.")
Fixes: 3e1907d5bf5a ("arm64: mm: move vmemmap region right below the linear region")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
|
|
Since commit d3aec8a28be3b8 ("arm64: capabilities: Restrict KPTI
detection to boot-time CPUs") we rely on errata flags being already
populated during feature enumeration. The order of errata and
features was flipped as part of commit ed478b3f9e4a ("arm64:
capabilities: Group handling of features and errata workarounds").
Return to the orginal order of errata and feature evaluation to
ensure errata flags are present during feature evaluation.
Fixes: ed478b3f9e4a ("arm64: capabilities: Group handling of
features and errata workarounds")
CC: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
CC: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dirk Mueller <dmueller@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
|
|
We only need to check for a file-backed namespace if
nvmet_bdev_ns_enable() returns -ENOTBLK. For any other error
it's pointless as the open() error will remain the same.
Fixes: d5eff33e ("nvmet: add simple file backed ns support")
Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
When writing an empty string into the device_path attribute the kernel
will crash with
nvmet: failed to open block device (null): (-22)
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000000
This patch sanitizes the error handling for invalid device path settings.
Fixes: a07b4970 ("nvmet: add a generic NVMe target")
Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
|
|
Building on arm 32 with LPAE enabled we don't include asm-generic/tlb.h,
where we have tlb_flush_remove_tables_local and tlb_flush_remove_tables
defined.
The build fails with:
mm/memory.c: In function ‘tlb_remove_table_smp_sync’:
mm/memory.c:339:2: error: implicit declaration of function ‘tlb_flush_remove_tables_local’; did you mean ‘tlb_remove_table’? [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
...
This bug got introduced in:
2ff6ddf19c0e ("x86/mm/tlb: Leave lazy TLB mode at page table free time")
To fix this issue we define them in arm 32's specific asm/tlb.h file as well.
Signed-off-by: Anders Roxell <anders.roxell@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: dave.hansen@intel.com
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: linux@armlinux.org.uk
Cc: riel@surriel.com
Cc: songliubraving@fb.com
Fixes: 2ff6ddf19c0e ("x86/mm/tlb: Leave lazy TLB mode at page table free time")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180725095557.19668-1-anders.roxell@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
Dirk Gouders reported that two consecutive "make" invocations on an
already compiled tree will show alternating behaviors:
$ make
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
DESCEND objtool
CHK include/generated/compile.h
DATAREL arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux
Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready (#48)
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 165 modules
$ make
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
DESCEND objtool
CHK include/generated/compile.h
LD arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux
ZOFFSET arch/x86/boot/zoffset.h
AS arch/x86/boot/header.o
LD arch/x86/boot/setup.elf
OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/setup.bin
OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/vmlinux.bin
BUILD arch/x86/boot/bzImage
Setup is 15644 bytes (padded to 15872 bytes).
System is 6663 kB
CRC 3eb90f40
Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready (#48)
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 165 modules
He bisected it back to:
commit 98f78525371b ("x86/boot: Refuse to build with data relocations")
The root cause was the use of the "if_changed" kbuild function multiple
times for the same target. It was designed to only be used once per
target, otherwise it will effectively always trigger, flipping back and
forth between the two commands getting recorded by "if_changed". Instead,
this patch merges the two commands into a single function to get stable
build artifacts (i.e. .vmlinux.cmd), and a single build behavior.
Bisected-and-Reported-by: Dirk Gouders <dirk@gouders.net>
Fix-Suggested-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180724230827.GA37823@beast
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
Currently architectures can override __atomic_op_*() to define the barriers
used before/after a relaxed atomic when used to build acquire/release/fence
variants.
This has the unfortunate property of requiring the architecture to define the
full wrapper for the atomics, rather than just the barriers they care about,
and gets in the way of generating atomics which can be easily read.
Instead, this patch has architectures define an optional set of barriers:
* __atomic_acquire_fence()
* __atomic_release_fence()
* __atomic_pre_full_fence()
* __atomic_post_full_fence()
... which <linux/atomic.h> uses to build the wrappers.
It would be nice if we could undef these, along with the __atomic_op_*()
wrappers, but that would break the cmpxchg() wrappers, which are written
in preprocessor. Undefs would have been nice, but alas.
There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: andy.shevchenko@gmail.com
Cc: arnd@arndb.de
Cc: aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Cc: catalin.marinas@arm.com
Cc: dvyukov@google.com
Cc: glider@google.com
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: peter@hurleysoftware.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180716113017.3909-7-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
We currently don't instrument cmpxchg_double() and
cmpxchg_double_local() due to compilation issues reported in the past,
which are supposedly related to GCC bug 72873 [1], reported when GCC 7
was not yet released. This bug only applies to x86-64, and does not
apply to other architectures.
While the test case for GCC bug 72873 triggers issues with released
versions of GCC, the instrumented kernel code compiles fine for all
configurations I have tried, and it is unclear how the two cases
are/were related.
As we can't reproduce the kernel build failures, let's instrument
cmpxchg_double*() again. We can revisit the issue if build failures
reappear.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: andy.shevchenko@gmail.com
Cc: aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Cc: catalin.marinas@arm.com
Cc: glider@google.com
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: parri.andrea@gmail.com
Cc: peter@hurleysoftware.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180716113017.3909-6-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
While we instrument all of the (non-relaxed) atomic_*() functions and
cmpxchg(), we missed xchg().
Let's add instrumentation for xchg(), fixing up x86 to implement
arch_xchg().
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: andy.shevchenko@gmail.com
Cc: arnd@arndb.de
Cc: aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Cc: catalin.marinas@arm.com
Cc: glider@google.com
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: parri.andrea@gmail.com
Cc: peter@hurleysoftware.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180716113017.3909-5-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
Currently we define some fairly verbose wrappers for the cmpxchg()
family so that we can pass a pointer and size into kasan_check_write().
The wrappers duplicate the size-switching logic necessary in arch code,
and only work for scalar types. On some architectures, (cmp)xchg are
used on non-scalar types, and thus the instrumented wrappers need to be
able to handle this.
We could take the type-punning logic from {READ,WRITE}_ONCE(), but this
makes the wrappers even more verbose, and requires several local
variables in the macros.
Instead, let's simplify the wrappers into simple macros which:
* snapshot the pointer into a single local variable, called __ai_ptr to
avoid conflicts with variables in the scope of the caller.
* call kasan_check_write() on __ai_ptr.
* invoke the relevant arch_*() function, passing the original arguments,
bar __ai_ptr being substituted for ptr.
There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: andy.shevchenko@gmail.com
Cc: arnd@arndb.de
Cc: aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Cc: catalin.marinas@arm.com
Cc: glider@google.com
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: parri.andrea@gmail.com
Cc: peter@hurleysoftware.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180716113017.3909-4-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
Currently x86's arch_cmpxchg64() and arch_cmpxchg64_local() are
instrumented twice, as they call into instrumented atomics rather than
their arch_ equivalents.
A call to cmpxchg64() results in:
cmpxchg64()
kasan_check_write()
arch_cmpxchg64()
cmpxchg()
kasan_check_write()
arch_cmpxchg()
Let's fix this up and call the arch_ equivalents, resulting in:
cmpxchg64()
kasan_check_write()
arch_cmpxchg64()
arch_cmpxchg()
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: andy.shevchenko@gmail.com
Cc: arnd@arndb.de
Cc: aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Cc: catalin.marinas@arm.com
Cc: glider@google.com
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: parri.andrea@gmail.com
Cc: peter@hurleysoftware.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180716113017.3909-3-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
Enable the extended PEBS for Goldmont Plus.
There is no specific PEBS constrains for Goldmont Plus. Removing the
pebs_constraints for Goldmont Plus.
Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: acme@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180309021542.11374-4-kan.liang@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
The pebs_drain() need to support fixed counters. The DS Save Area now
include "counter reset value" fields for each fixed counters.
Extend the related variables (e.g. mask, counters, error) to support
fixed counters. There is no extended PEBS in PEBS v2 and earlier PEBS
format. Only need to change the code for PEBS v3 and later PEBS format.
Extend the pebs_event_reset[] logic to support new "counter reset value" fields.
Increase the reserve space for fixed counters.
Based-on-code-from: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: acme@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180309021542.11374-3-kan.liang@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
The Extended PEBS feature supports PEBS on fixed-function performance
counters as well as all four general purpose counters.
It has to change the order of PEBS and fixed counter enabling to make
sure PEBS is enabled for the fixed counters.
The change of the order doesn't impact the behavior of current code on
other platforms which don't support extended PEBS.
Because there is no dependency among those enable/disable functions.
Don't enable IRQ generation (0x8) for MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_FIXED_CTR_CTRL.
The PEBS ucode will handle the interrupt generation.
Based-on-code-from: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: acme@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180309021542.11374-2-kan.liang@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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The Extended PEBS feature, introduced in the Goldmont Plus
microarchitecture, supports all events as "Extended PEBS".
Introduce flag PMU_FL_PEBS_ALL to indicate the platforms which support
extended PEBS.
To support all events, it needs to support all constraints for PEBS. To
avoid duplicating all the constraints in the PEBS table, making the PEBS
code search the normal constraints too.
Based-on-code-from: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: acme@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180309021542.11374-1-kan.liang@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
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In function perf_event_parse_addr_filter(), the path::dentry of each struct
perf_addr_filter is left unassigned (as it should be) when the pattern
being parsed is related to kernel space. But in function
perf_addr_filter_match() the same dentries are given to d_inode() where
the value is not expected to be NULL, resulting in the following splat:
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000058
pc : perf_event_mmap+0x2fc/0x5a0
lr : perf_event_mmap+0x2c8/0x5a0
Process uname (pid: 2860, stack limit = 0x000000001cbcca37)
Call trace:
perf_event_mmap+0x2fc/0x5a0
mmap_region+0x124/0x570
do_mmap+0x344/0x4f8
vm_mmap_pgoff+0xe4/0x110
vm_mmap+0x2c/0x40
elf_map+0x60/0x108
load_elf_binary+0x450/0x12c4
search_binary_handler+0x90/0x290
__do_execve_file.isra.13+0x6e4/0x858
sys_execve+0x3c/0x50
el0_svc_naked+0x30/0x34
This patch is fixing the problem by introducing a new check in function
perf_addr_filter_match() to see if the filter's dentry is NULL.
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: acme@kernel.org
Cc: miklos@szeredi.hu
Cc: namhyung@kernel.org
Cc: songliubraving@fb.com
Fixes: 9511bce9fe8e ("perf/core: Fix bad use of igrab()")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1531782831-1186-1-git-send-email-mathieu.poirier@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Vince reported the perf_fuzzer giving various unwinder warnings and
Josh reported:
> Deja vu. Most of these are related to perf PEBS, similar to the
> following issue:
>
> b8000586c90b ("perf/x86/intel: Cure bogus unwind from PEBS entries")
>
> This is basically the ORC version of that. setup_pebs_sample_data() is
> assembling a franken-pt_regs which ORC isn't happy about. RIP is
> inconsistent with some of the other registers (like RSP and RBP).
And where the previous unwinder only needed BP,SP ORC also requires
IP. But we cannot spoof IP because then the sample will get displaced,
entirely negating the point of PEBS.
So cure the whole thing differently by doing the unwind early; this
does however require a means to communicate we did the unwind early.
We (ab)use an unused sample_type bit for this, which we set on events
that fill out the data->callchain before the normal
perf_prepare_sample().
Debugged-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Tested-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Prashant Bhole <bhole_prashant_q7@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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numa_migrate_preferred() is called periodically or when task preferred
node changes. Preferred node evaluations happen once per scan sequence.
If the scan completion happens just after the periodic NUMA migration,
then we try to migrate to the preferred node and the preferred node might
change, needing another node migration.
Avoid this by checking for scan sequence completion only when checking
for periodic migration.
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 4 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
16 25862.6 26158.1 1.14258
1 74357 72725 -2.19482
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 16 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
8 117019 113992 -2.58
1 179095 174947 -2.31
(numbers from v1 based on v4.17-rc5)
Testcase Time: Min Max Avg StdDev
numa01.sh Real: 449.46 770.77 615.22 101.70
numa01.sh Sys: 132.72 208.17 170.46 24.96
numa01.sh User: 39185.26 60290.89 50066.76 6807.84
numa02.sh Real: 60.85 61.79 61.28 0.37
numa02.sh Sys: 15.34 24.71 21.08 3.61
numa02.sh User: 5204.41 5249.85 5231.21 17.60
numa03.sh Real: 785.50 916.97 840.77 44.98
numa03.sh Sys: 108.08 133.60 119.43 8.82
numa03.sh User: 61422.86 70919.75 64720.87 3310.61
numa04.sh Real: 429.57 587.37 480.80 57.40
numa04.sh Sys: 240.61 321.97 290.84 33.58
numa04.sh User: 34597.65 40498.99 37079.48 2060.72
numa05.sh Real: 392.09 431.25 414.65 13.82
numa05.sh Sys: 229.41 372.48 297.54 53.14
numa05.sh User: 33390.86 34697.49 34222.43 556.42
Testcase Time: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
numa01.sh Real: 424.63 566.18 498.12 59.26 23.50%
numa01.sh Sys: 160.19 256.53 208.98 37.02 -18.4%
numa01.sh User: 37320.00 46225.58 42001.57 3482.45 19.20%
numa02.sh Real: 60.17 62.47 60.91 0.85 0.607%
numa02.sh Sys: 15.30 22.82 17.04 2.90 23.70%
numa02.sh User: 5202.13 5255.51 5219.08 20.14 0.232%
numa03.sh Real: 823.91 844.89 833.86 8.46 0.828%
numa03.sh Sys: 130.69 148.29 140.47 6.21 -14.9%
numa03.sh User: 62519.15 64262.20 63613.38 620.05 1.740%
numa04.sh Real: 515.30 603.74 548.56 30.93 -12.3%
numa04.sh Sys: 459.73 525.48 489.18 21.63 -40.5%
numa04.sh User: 40561.96 44919.18 42047.87 1526.85 -11.8%
numa05.sh Real: 396.58 454.37 421.13 19.71 -1.53%
numa05.sh Sys: 208.72 422.02 348.90 73.60 -14.7%
numa05.sh User: 33124.08 36109.35 34846.47 1089.74 -1.79%
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1529514181-9842-20-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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|
On NUMA_BACKPLANE and NUMA_GLUELESS_MESH systems, tasks/memory should be
consolidated to the closest group of nodes. In such a case, relying on
group_fault metric may not always help to consolidate. There can always
be a case where a node closer to the preferred node may have lesser
faults than a node further away from the preferred node. In such a case,
moving to node with more faults might avoid numa consolidation.
Using group_weight would help to consolidate task/memory around the
preferred_node.
While here, to be on the conservative side, don't override migrate thread
degrades locality logic for CPU_NEWLY_IDLE load balancing.
Note: Similar problems exist with should_numa_migrate_memory and will be
dealt separately.
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 4 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
16 25645.4 25960 1.22
1 72142 73550 1.95
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 16 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
8 110199 120071 8.958
1 176303 176249 -0.03
(numbers from v1 based on v4.17-rc5)
Testcase Time: Min Max Avg StdDev
numa01.sh Real: 490.04 774.86 596.26 96.46
numa01.sh Sys: 151.52 242.88 184.82 31.71
numa01.sh User: 41418.41 60844.59 48776.09 6564.27
numa02.sh Real: 60.14 62.94 60.98 1.00
numa02.sh Sys: 16.11 30.77 21.20 5.28
numa02.sh User: 5184.33 5311.09 5228.50 44.24
numa03.sh Real: 790.95 856.35 826.41 24.11
numa03.sh Sys: 114.93 118.85 117.05 1.63
numa03.sh User: 60990.99 64959.28 63470.43 1415.44
numa04.sh Real: 434.37 597.92 504.87 59.70
numa04.sh Sys: 237.63 397.40 289.74 55.98
numa04.sh User: 34854.87 41121.83 38572.52 2615.84
numa05.sh Real: 386.77 448.90 417.22 22.79
numa05.sh Sys: 149.23 379.95 303.04 79.55
numa05.sh User: 32951.76 35959.58 34562.18 1034.05
Testcase Time: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
numa01.sh Real: 493.19 672.88 597.51 59.38 -0.20%
numa01.sh Sys: 150.09 245.48 207.76 34.26 -11.0%
numa01.sh User: 41928.51 53779.17 48747.06 3901.39 0.059%
numa02.sh Real: 60.63 62.87 61.22 0.83 -0.39%
numa02.sh Sys: 16.64 27.97 20.25 4.06 4.691%
numa02.sh User: 5222.92 5309.60 5254.03 29.98 -0.48%
numa03.sh Real: 821.52 902.15 863.60 32.41 -4.30%
numa03.sh Sys: 112.04 130.66 118.35 7.08 -1.09%
numa03.sh User: 62245.16 69165.14 66443.04 2450.32 -4.47%
numa04.sh Real: 414.53 519.57 476.25 37.00 6.009%
numa04.sh Sys: 181.84 335.67 280.41 54.07 3.327%
numa04.sh User: 33924.50 39115.39 37343.78 1934.26 3.290%
numa05.sh Real: 408.30 441.45 417.90 12.05 -0.16%
numa05.sh Sys: 233.41 381.60 295.58 57.37 2.523%
numa05.sh User: 33301.31 35972.50 34335.19 938.94 0.661%
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1529514181-9842-16-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
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The metrics for updating scan periods are local or task specific.
Currently this update happens under the numa_group lock, which seems
unnecessary. Hence move this update outside the lock.
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 4 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
16 25355.9 25645.4 1.141
1 72812 72142 -0.92
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1529514181-9842-15-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
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task_numa_find_cpu() helps to find the CPU to swap/move the task to.
It's guarded by numa_has_capacity(). However node not having capacity
shouldn't deter a task swapping if it helps NUMA placement.
Further load_too_imbalanced(), which evaluates possibilities of move/swap,
provides similar checks as numa_has_capacity.
Hence remove numa_has_capacity() to enhance possibilities of task
swapping even if load is imbalanced.
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 4 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
16 25657.9 25804.1 0.569
1 74435 73413 -1.37
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1529514181-9842-13-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
There are checks in migrate_swap_stop() that check if the task/CPU
combination is as per migrate_swap_arg before migrating.
However atleast one of the two tasks to be swapped by migrate_swap() could
have migrated to a completely different CPU before updating the
migrate_swap_arg. The new CPU where the task is currently running could
be a different node too. If the task has migrated, numa balancer might
end up placing a task in a wrong node. Instead of achieving node
consolidation, it may end up spreading the load across nodes.
To avoid that pass the CPUs as additional parameters.
While here, place migrate_swap under CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING.
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 4 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
16 25377.3 25226.6 -0.59
1 72287 73326 1.437
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1529514181-9842-10-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
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The task_capacity field in 'struct numa_stats' is redundant.
Also move nr_running for better packing within the struct.
No functional changes.
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 4 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
16 25308.6 25377.3 0.271
1 72964 72287 -0.92
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1529514181-9842-9-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
When comparing two nodes at a distance of 'hoplimit', we should consider
nodes only up to 'hoplimit'. Currently we also consider nodes at 'oplimit'
distance too. Hence two nodes at a distance of 'hoplimit' will have same
groupweight. Fix this by skipping nodes at hoplimit.
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 4 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
16 25375.3 25308.6 -0.26
1 72617 72964 0.477
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 16 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
8 113372 108750 -4.07684
1 177403 183115 3.21979
(numbers from v1 based on v4.17-rc5)
Testcase Time: Min Max Avg StdDev
numa01.sh Real: 478.45 565.90 515.11 30.87
numa01.sh Sys: 207.79 271.04 232.94 21.33
numa01.sh User: 39763.93 47303.12 43210.73 2644.86
numa02.sh Real: 60.00 61.46 60.78 0.49
numa02.sh Sys: 15.71 25.31 20.69 3.42
numa02.sh User: 5175.92 5265.86 5235.97 32.82
numa03.sh Real: 776.42 834.85 806.01 23.22
numa03.sh Sys: 114.43 128.75 121.65 5.49
numa03.sh User: 60773.93 64855.25 62616.91 1576.39
numa04.sh Real: 456.93 511.95 482.91 20.88
numa04.sh Sys: 178.09 460.89 356.86 94.58
numa04.sh User: 36312.09 42553.24 39623.21 2247.96
numa05.sh Real: 393.98 493.48 436.61 35.59
numa05.sh Sys: 164.49 329.15 265.87 61.78
numa05.sh User: 33182.65 36654.53 35074.51 1187.71
Testcase Time: Min Max Avg StdDev %Change
numa01.sh Real: 414.64 819.20 556.08 147.70 -7.36%
numa01.sh Sys: 77.52 205.04 139.40 52.05 67.10%
numa01.sh User: 37043.24 61757.88 45517.48 9290.38 -5.06%
numa02.sh Real: 60.80 63.32 61.63 0.88 -1.37%
numa02.sh Sys: 17.35 39.37 25.71 7.33 -19.5%
numa02.sh User: 5213.79 5374.73 5268.90 55.09 -0.62%
numa03.sh Real: 780.09 948.64 831.43 63.02 -3.05%
numa03.sh Sys: 104.96 136.92 116.31 11.34 4.591%
numa03.sh User: 60465.42 73339.78 64368.03 4700.14 -2.72%
numa04.sh Real: 412.60 681.92 521.29 96.64 -7.36%
numa04.sh Sys: 210.32 314.10 251.77 37.71 41.74%
numa04.sh User: 34026.38 45581.20 38534.49 4198.53 2.825%
numa05.sh Real: 394.79 439.63 411.35 16.87 6.140%
numa05.sh Sys: 238.32 330.09 292.31 38.32 -9.04%
numa05.sh User: 33456.45 34876.07 34138.62 609.45 2.741%
While there is a regression with this change, this change is needed from a
correctness perspective. Also it helps consolidation as seen from perf bench
output.
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1529514181-9842-8-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
Fix the order in which the private and shared numa faults are getting
printed.
No functional changes.
Running SPECjbb2005 on a 4 node machine and comparing bops/JVM
JVMS LAST_PATCH WITH_PATCH %CHANGE
16 25215.7 25375.3 0.63
1 72107 72617 0.70
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1529514181-9842-7-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
