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The LoongArch mem= parameter parser was previously limited to the
mem=<size>@<start> format. This was inconvenient for the common use
case of simply capping the total system memory, as it forced users to
manually specify a start address. It was also inconsistent with the
behavior on other architectures.
This patch enhances the parser in early_parse_mem() to also support the
more user-friendly mem=<size> format. The implementation now checks for
the presence of the '@' symbol to determine the user's intent:
- If mem=<size> is provided (no '@'), the kernel now calls
memblock_enforce_memory_limit(). This trims memory from the top down
to the specified size.
- If mem=<size>@<start> is provided, the original behavior is retained
for backward compatibility. This allows for defining specific memory
banks.
This change introduces an important usage rule reflected in the code's
comments: the mem=<size> format should only be specified once on the
kernel command line. It acts as a single, global cap on total memory. In
contrast, the mem=<size>@<start> format can be specified multiple times
to define several distinct memory regions.
Signed-off-by: Ming Wang <wangming01@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
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Now relocate_new_kernel_size is a .long value, which means 32bit, so its
high 32bit is undefined. This causes memcpy((void *)reboot_code_buffer,
relocate_new_kernel, relocate_new_kernel_size) in machine_kexec_prepare()
access out of range memories in some cases, and then end up with an ADE
exception.
So make relocate_new_kernel_size be a .quad value, which means 64bit, to
avoid such errors.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
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According to the "LoongArch Reference Manual Volume 1: Basic
Architecture", the KSave registers (SAVE0-SAVE15) are defined in
Section 7.4.16 "Data Save (SAVE)" and listed in Table 7-1 "Control
and Status Registers Overview". These registers occupy the CSR
addresses from 0x30 to 0x3F, with 16 registers in total.
This patch completes the definitions of KS9 to KS15, so as to match
the architecture specification.
Reviewed-by: Wentao Guan <guanwentao@uniontech.com>
Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@cqsoftware.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
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are registered
The former commit has a limitation that only up to 4 FCP address
handlers could be processed per request. Although it suffices for most
use cases, it is technically a regression.
This commit lifts the restriction by reallocating the buffer from kernel
heap when more than 4 handlers are registered. The allocation is performed
within RCU read-side critical section, thus it uses GCP_ATOMIC flag. The
buffer size is rounded up to the next power of two to align with kmalloc
allocation units.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250803122015.236493-5-o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
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The former commit added reference counting to ensure safe invocations of
address handlers. Unlike the exclusive-region address handlers, all FCP
address handlers should be called on receiving an FCP request.
This commit uses the part of kernel stack to collect address handlers up
to 4 within the section, then invoke them outside of the section.
Reference counting ensures that each handler remains valid and safe to
call.
Lifting the limitation of supporting only 4 handlers is left for next
work.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250803122015.236493-4-o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
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critical section
The previous commit added reference counting to ensure safe invocations of
address handlers.
This commit moves the invocation of handlers for exclusive regions outside
of the RCU read-side critical section. The address handler for the
requested region is selected within the critical section, then invoked
outside of it.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250803122015.236493-3-o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
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The lifetime of address handler has been managed by linked list and RCU.
This approach was introduced in commit 35202f7d8420 ("firewire: remove
global lock around address handlers, convert to RCU"). The invocations of
address handler are performed within RCU read-side critical sections.
In commit 57e6d9f85fff ("firewire: ohci: use workqueue to handle events
of AR request/response contexts"), the invocations are in a workqueue
context. The approach still imposes limitation that sleeping is not
allowed within RCU read-side critical sections. However, since sleeping
is not permitted within RCU read-side critical sections, this approach
still has a limitation.
This commit adds reference counting to decouple handler invocation from
handler discovery. The linked list and RCU is used to discover the
handlers, while the reference counting is used to invoke them safely.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250803122015.236493-2-o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
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gitolite.kernel.org:pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mdraid/linux into block-6.17
Pull MD changes from Yu:
"- mddev null-ptr-dereference fix, by Erkun
- md-cluster fail to remove the faulty disk regression fix, by Heming
- minor cleanup, by Li Nan and Jinchao
- mdadm lifetime regression fix reported by syzkaller, by Yu Kuai"
* tag 'md-6.17-20250803' of gitolite.kernel.org:pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mdraid/linux:
md: make rdev_addable usable for rcu mode
md/raid1: remove struct pool_info and related code
md/raid1: change r1conf->r1bio_pool to a pointer type
md: rename recovery_cp to resync_offset
md/md-cluster: handle REMOVE message earlier
md: fix create on open mddev lifetime regression
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Our testcase trigger panic:
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000000e0
...
Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI
CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 85 Comm: kworker/2:1 Not tainted 6.16.0+ #94
PREEMPT(none)
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS
1.16.1-2.fc37 04/01/2014
Workqueue: md_misc md_start_sync
RIP: 0010:rdev_addable+0x4d/0xf0
...
Call Trace:
<TASK>
md_start_sync+0x329/0x480
process_one_work+0x226/0x6d0
worker_thread+0x19e/0x340
kthread+0x10f/0x250
ret_from_fork+0x14d/0x180
ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
</TASK>
Modules linked in: raid10
CR2: 00000000000000e0
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
RIP: 0010:rdev_addable+0x4d/0xf0
md_spares_need_change in md_start_sync will call rdev_addable which
protected by rcu_read_lock/rcu_read_unlock. This rcu context will help
protect rdev won't be released, but rdev->mddev will be set to NULL
before we call synchronize_rcu in md_kick_rdev_from_array. Fix this by
using READ_ONCE and check does rdev->mddev still alive.
Fixes: bc08041b32ab ("md: suspend array in md_start_sync() if array need reconfiguration")
Fixes: 570b9147deb6 ("md: use RCU lock to protect traversal in md_spares_need_change()")
Signed-off-by: Yang Erkun <yangerkun@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-raid/20250731114530.776670-1-yangerkun@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com>
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The struct pool_info was originally introduced mainly to support reshape
operations, serving as a parameter for mempool_init() when raid_disks
changes. Now that mempool_create_kmalloc_pool() is sufficient for this
purpose, struct pool_info and its related code are no longer needed.
Remove struct pool_info and all associated code.
Signed-off-by: Wang Jinchao <wangjinchao600@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-raid/20250707012711.376844-3-yukuai1@huaweicloud.com
Signed-off-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com>
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In raid1_reshape(), newpool is a stack variable.
mempool_init() initializes newpool->wait with the stack address.
After assigning newpool to conf->r1bio_pool, the wait queue
need to be reinitialized, which is not ideal.
Change raid1_conf->r1bio_pool to a pointer type and
replace mempool_init() with mempool_create_kmalloc_pool() to
avoid referencing a stack-based wait queue.
Signed-off-by: Wang Jinchao <wangjinchao600@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-raid/20250707012711.376844-2-yukuai1@huaweicloud.com
Signed-off-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com>
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I am switching my address to a personal domain, so need to update the
driver's files and the entry in MAINTAINERS.
Signed-off-by: Joshua Kinard <kumba@gentoo.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250721170051.32407-1-kumba@gentoo.org
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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The round_rate() clk ops is deprecated, so migrate this driver from
round_rate() to determine_rate() using the Coccinelle semantic patch
on the cover letter of this series.
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-15-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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The round_rate() clk ops is deprecated, so migrate this driver from
round_rate() to determine_rate() using the Coccinelle semantic patch
on the cover letter of this series.
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-14-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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The round_rate() clk ops is deprecated, so migrate this driver from
round_rate() to determine_rate() using the Coccinelle semantic patch
on the cover letter of this series.
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-13-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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The round_rate() clk ops is deprecated, so migrate this driver from
round_rate() to determine_rate() using the Coccinelle semantic patch
on the cover letter of this series.
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-12-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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The round_rate() clk ops is deprecated, so migrate this driver from
round_rate() to determine_rate() using the Coccinelle semantic patch
on the cover letter of this series.
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-11-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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The round_rate() clk ops is deprecated, so migrate this driver from
round_rate() to determine_rate() using the Coccinelle semantic patch
on the cover letter of this series.
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-10-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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The round_rate() clk ops is deprecated, so migrate this driver from
round_rate() to determine_rate() using the Coccinelle semantic patch
on the cover letter of this series.
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-9-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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The round_rate() clk ops is deprecated, so migrate this driver from
round_rate() to determine_rate() using the Coccinelle semantic patch
on the cover letter of this series.
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-8-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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The round_rate() clk ops is deprecated, so migrate this driver from
round_rate() to determine_rate() using the Coccinelle semantic patch
on the cover letter of this series.
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-7-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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When rv3028_clkout_round_rate() is called with a requested rate higher
than the highest supported rate, it currently returns 0, which disables
the clock. According to the clk API, round_rate() should instead return
the highest supported rate. Update the function to return the maximum
supported rate in this case.
Fixes: f583c341a515f ("rtc: rv3028: add clkout support")
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-6-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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When pcf8563_clkout_round_rate() is called with a requested rate higher
than the highest supported rate, it currently returns 0, which disables
the clock. According to the clk API, round_rate() should instead return
the highest supported rate. Update the function to return the maximum
supported rate in this case.
Fixes: a39a6405d5f94 ("rtc: pcf8563: add CLKOUT to common clock framework")
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-5-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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When pcf85063_clkout_round_rate() is called with a requested rate higher
than the highest supported rate, it currently returns 0, which disables
the clock. According to the clk API, round_rate() should instead return
the highest supported rate. Update the function to return the maximum
supported rate in this case.
Fixes: 8c229ab6048b7 ("rtc: pcf85063: Add pcf85063 clkout control to common clock framework")
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-4-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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When nct3018y_clkout_round_rate() is called with a requested rate higher
than the highest supported rate, it currently returns 0, which disables
the clock. According to the clk API, round_rate() should instead return
the highest supported rate. Update the function to return the maximum
supported rate in this case.
Fixes: 5adbaed16cc63 ("rtc: Add NCT3018Y real time clock driver")
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-3-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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When hym8563_clkout_round_rate() is called with a requested rate higher
than the highest supported rate, it currently returns 0, which disables
the clock. According to the clk API, round_rate() should instead return
the highest supported rate. Update the function to return the maximum
supported rate in this case.
Fixes: dcaf038493525 ("rtc: add hym8563 rtc-driver")
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-2-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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When ds3231_clk_sqw_round_rate() is called with a requested rate higher
than the highest supported rate, it currently returns 0, which disables
the clock. According to the clk API, round_rate() should instead return
the highest supported rate. Update the function to return the maximum
supported rate in this case.
Fixes: 6c6ff145b3346 ("rtc: ds1307: add clock provider support for DS3231")
Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <bmasney@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250710-rtc-clk-round-rate-v1-1-33140bb2278e@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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This reverts commit 864f9963ec6b4b76d104d595ba28110b87158003.
The patch is wrong as it checks vc_origin against vc_screenbuf,
while in text mode it should compare against vga_vram_base.
As such it broke VGA text scrolling, which can be reproduced like this:
(1) boot a kernel that is configured to use text mode VGA-console
(2) type commands: ls -l /usr/bin | less -S
(3) scroll up/down with cursor-down/up keys
Reported-by: Jari Ruusu <jariruusu@protonmail.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Yi Yang <yiyang13@huawei.com>
Cc: GONG Ruiqi <gongruiqi1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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This issue triggers when a userspace program does an ioctl
FBIOPUT_CON2FBMAP by passing console number and frame buffer number.
Ideally this maps console to frame buffer and updates the screen if
console is visible.
As part of mapping it has to do resize of console according to frame
buffer info. if this resize fails and returns from vc_do_resize() and
continues further. At this point console and new frame buffer are mapped
and sets display vars. Despite failure still it continue to proceed
updating the screen at later stages where vc_data is related to previous
frame buffer and frame buffer info and display vars are mapped to new
frame buffer and eventully leading to out-of-bounds write in
fast_imageblit(). This bheviour is excepted only when fg_console is
equal to requested console which is a visible console and updates screen
with invalid struct references in fbcon_putcs().
Reported-and-tested-by: syzbot+c4b7aa0513823e2ea880@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=c4b7aa0513823e2ea880
Signed-off-by: Sravan Kumar Gundu <sravankumarlpu@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-pinctrl
Pull pin control updates from Linus Walleij:
"Nothing stands out, apart from maybe the interesting Eswin EIC7700, a
RISC-V SoC I've never seen before.
Core changes:
- Open code PINCTRL_FUNCTION_DESC() instead of defining a complex
macro only used in one place
- Add pinmux_generic_add_pinfunction() helper and use this in a few
drivers
New drivers:
- Amlogic S7, S7D and S6 pin control support
- Eswin EIC7700 pin control support
- Qualcomm PMIV0104, PM7550 and Milos pin control support
Because of unhelpful numbering schemes, the Qualcomm driver now
needs to start to rely on SoC codenames
- STM32 HDP pin control support
- Mediatek MT8189 pin control support
Improvements:
- Switch remaining pin control drivers over to the new GPIO set
callback that provides a return value
- Support RSVD (reserved) pins in the STM32 driver
- Move many fixed assignments over to pinctrl_desc definitions
- Handle multiple TLMM regions in the Qualcomm driver"
* tag 'pinctrl-v6.17-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-pinctrl: (105 commits)
pinctrl: mediatek: Add pinctrl driver for mt8189
dt-bindings: pinctrl: mediatek: Add support for mt8189
pinctrl: aspeed-g6: Add PCIe RC PERST pin group
pinctrl: ingenic: use pinmux_generic_add_pinfunction()
pinctrl: keembay: use pinmux_generic_add_pinfunction()
pinctrl: mediatek: moore: use pinmux_generic_add_pinfunction()
pinctrl: airoha: use pinmux_generic_add_pinfunction()
pinctrl: equilibrium: use pinmux_generic_add_pinfunction()
pinctrl: provide pinmux_generic_add_pinfunction()
pinctrl: pinmux: open-code PINCTRL_FUNCTION_DESC()
pinctrl: ma35: use new GPIO line value setter callbacks
MAINTAINERS: add Clément Le Goffic as STM32 HDP maintainer
pinctrl: stm32: Introduce HDP driver
dt-bindings: pinctrl: stm32: Introduce HDP
pinctrl: qcom: Add Milos pinctrl driver
dt-bindings: pinctrl: document the Milos Top Level Mode Multiplexer
pinctrl: qcom: spmi: Add PM7550
dt-bindings: pinctrl: qcom,pmic-gpio: Add PM7550 support
pinctrl: qcom: spmi: Add PMIV0104
dt-bindings: pinctrl: qcom,pmic-gpio: Add PMIV0104 support
...
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The mempool wake-up fix introduced in commit a5867a218d7c ("mm: mempool:
fix wake-up edge case bug for zero-minimum pools") inlined the
add_element() logic in mempool_free() to return the element to the
zero-minimum pool:
pool->elements[pool->curr_nr++] = element;
This causes crash, because mempool_init_node() does not initialize with
real allocation for zero-minimum pool, it only returns ZERO_SIZE_PTR to
the elements array which is unable to be dereferenced, and the
pre-allocation of this array never happened since the while test:
while (pool->curr_nr < pool->min_nr)
can never be satisfied as min_nr is zero, so the pool does not actually
reserve any buffer, the only way so far is to call alloc_fn() to get
buffer from SLUB, but if the memory is under high pressure the alloc_fn()
could never get any buffer, the waiting thread would be in an indefinite
loop of wake-sleep in a period until there is free memory to get.
This patch changes mempool_init_node() to allocate 1 element for the
elements array of zero-minimum pool, so that the pool will have reserved
buffer to use. This will fix the crash issue and let the waiting thread
can get the reserved element when alloc_fn() failed to get buffer under
high memory pressure.
Also modify add_element() to support zero-minimum pool with simplifying
codes of zero-minimum handling in mempool_free().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/e01f00f3-58d9-4ca7-af54-bfa42fec9527@suse.com
Fixes: a5867a218d7c ("mm: mempool: fix wake-up edge case bug for zero-minimum pools")
Signed-off-by: Yadan Fan <ydfan@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Several functions refer to the unfortunately named 'vm_flags' field when
referencing vmalloc flags, which happens to be the precise same name used
for VMA flags.
As a result these were erroneously changed to use the vm_flags_t type
(which currently is a typedef equivalent to unsigned long).
Currently this has no impact, but in future when vm_flags_t changes this
will result in issues, so change the type to unsigned long to account for
this.
[lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com: fixup very disguised vmalloc flags parameter]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/e74dd8de-7e60-47ab-8a45-2c851f3c5d26@lucifer.local
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250729114906.55347-1-lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reported-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/aIgSpAnU8EaIcqd9@hyeyoo/
Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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If the swapin failed, don't update the major fault count. There is a long
existing comment for doing it this way, now with previous cleanups, we can
finally fix it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250728075306.12704-9-ryncsn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Instead of calculating the swap entry differently in different swapin
paths, calculate it early before the swap cache lookup and use that for
the lookup and later swapin. And after swapin have brought a folio,
simply round it down against the size of the folio.
This is simple and effective enough to verify the swap value. A folio's
swap entry is always aligned by its size. Any kind of parallel split or
race is acceptable because the final shmem_add_to_page_cache ensures that
all entries covered by the folio are correct, and thus there will be no
data corruption.
This also prevents false positive cache lookup. If a shmem read request's
index points to the middle of a large swap entry, previously, shmem will
try the swap cache lookup using the large swap entry's starting value
(which is the first sub swap entry of this large entry). This will lead
to false positive lookup results if only the first few swap entries are
cached but the actual requested swap entry pointed by the index is
uncached. This is not a rare event, as swap readahead always tries to
cache order 0 folios when possible.
And this shouldn't cause any increased repeated faults. Instead, no
matter how the shmem mapping is split in parallel, as long as the mapping
still contains the right entries, the swapin will succeed.
The final object size and stack usage are also reduced due to simplified
code:
./scripts/bloat-o-meter mm/shmem.o.old mm/shmem.o
add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-145 (-145)
Function old new delta
shmem_swapin_folio 4056 3911 -145
Total: Before=33242, After=33097, chg -0.44%
Stack usage (Before vs After):
mm/shmem.c:2314:12:shmem_swapin_folio 264 static
mm/shmem.c:2314:12:shmem_swapin_folio 256 static
And while at it, round down the index too if swap entry is round down.
The index is used either for folio reallocation or confirming the mapping
content. In either case, it should be aligned with the swap folio.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250728075306.12704-8-ryncsn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Tested-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Slightly tidy up the different handling of swap in and error handling for
SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO and non-SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO devices. Now swapin will
always use either shmem_swap_alloc_folio or shmem_swapin_cluster, then
check the result.
Simplify the control flow and avoid a redundant goto label.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250728075306.12704-7-ryncsn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
For SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO devices, if a cache bypassing THP swapin failed due
to reasons like memory pressure, partially conflicting swap cache or ZSWAP
enabled, shmem will fallback to cached order 0 swapin.
Right now the swap cache still has a non-trivial overhead, and readahead
is not helpful for SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO devices, so we should always skip
the readahead and swap cache even if the swapin falls back to order 0.
So handle the fallback logic without falling back to the cached read.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250728075306.12704-6-ryncsn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Instead of keeping different paths of splitting the entry before the swap
in start, move the entry splitting after the swapin has put the folio in
swap cache (or set the SWAP_HAS_CACHE bit). This way we only need one
place and one unified way to split the large entry. Whenever swapin
brought in a folio smaller than the shmem swap entry, split the entry and
recalculate the entry and index for verification.
This removes duplicated codes and function calls, reduces LOC, and the
split is less racy as it's guarded by swap cache now. So it will have a
lower chance of repeated faults due to raced split. The compiler is also
able to optimize the coder further:
bloat-o-meter results with GCC 14:
With DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH (-fno-inline-functions-called-once):
./scripts/bloat-o-meter mm/shmem.o.old mm/shmem.o
add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-143 (-143)
Function old new delta
shmem_swapin_folio 2358 2215 -143
Total: Before=32933, After=32790, chg -0.43%
With !DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH:
add/remove: 0/1 grow/shrink: 1/0 up/down: 1069/-749 (320)
Function old new delta
shmem_swapin_folio 2871 3940 +1069
shmem_split_large_entry.isra 749 - -749
Total: Before=32806, After=33126, chg +0.98%
Since shmem_split_large_entry is only called in one place now. The
compiler will either generate more compact code, or inlined it for
better performance.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250728075306.12704-5-ryncsn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Tested-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Move all THP swapin related checks under CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE, so
they will be trimmed off by the compiler if not needed.
And add a WARN if shmem sees a order > 0 entry when
CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE is disabled, that should never happen unless
things went very wrong.
There should be no observable feature change except the new added WARN.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250728075306.12704-4-ryncsn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Patch series "mm/shmem, swap: bugfix and improvement of mTHP swap in", v6.
The current THP swapin path have several problems. It may potentially
hang, may cause redundant faults due to false positive swap cache lookup,
and it issues redundant Xarray walks. !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE builds
may also contain unnecessary THP checks.
This series fixes all of the mentioned issues, the code should be more
robust and prepared for the swap table series. Now 4 walks is reduced to
3 (get order & confirm, confirm, insert folio),
!CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE build overhead is also minimized, and comes
with a sanity check now.
The performance is slightly better after this series, sequential swap in
of 24G data from ZRAM, using transparent_hugepage_tmpfs=always (24 samples
each):
Before: avg: 10.66s, stddev: 0.04
After patch 1: avg: 10.58s, stddev: 0.04
After patch 2: avg: 10.65s, stddev: 0.05
After patch 3: avg: 10.65s, stddev: 0.04
After patch 4: avg: 10.67s, stddev: 0.04
After patch 5: avg: 9.79s, stddev: 0.04
After patch 6: avg: 9.79s, stddev: 0.05
After patch 7: avg: 9.78s, stddev: 0.05
After patch 8: avg: 9.79s, stddev: 0.04
Several patches improve the performance by a little, which is about ~8%
faster in total.
Build kernel test showed very slightly improvement, testing with make -j48
with defconfig in a 768M memcg also using ZRAM as swap, and
transparent_hugepage_tmpfs=always (6 test runs):
Before: avg: 3334.66s, stddev: 43.76
After patch 1: avg: 3349.77s, stddev: 18.55
After patch 2: avg: 3325.01s, stddev: 42.96
After patch 3: avg: 3354.58s, stddev: 14.62
After patch 4: avg: 3336.24s, stddev: 32.15
After patch 5: avg: 3325.13s, stddev: 22.14
After patch 6: avg: 3285.03s, stddev: 38.95
After patch 7: avg: 3287.32s, stddev: 26.37
After patch 8: avg: 3295.87s, stddev: 46.24
This patch (of 7):
Currently shmem calls xa_get_order to get the swap radix entry order,
requiring a full tree walk. This can be easily combined with the swap
entry value checking (shmem_confirm_swap) to avoid the duplicated lookup
and abort early if the entry is gone already. Which should improve the
performance.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250728075306.12704-1-ryncsn@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250728075306.12704-3-ryncsn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com>
Reviewed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
For the most part ftrace uses text poking and can handle ROX memory. The
only place that requires writable memory is create_trampoline() that
updates the allocated memory and in the end makes it ROX.
Use execmem_alloc_rw() in x86::ftrace::alloc_tramp() and enable ROX cache
for EXECMEM_FTRACE when configuration and CPU features allow that.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250713071730.4117334-9-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
x86::alloc_insn_page() always allocates ROX memory.
Instead of overriding this method, add EXECMEM_KPROBES entry in
execmem_info with pgprot set to PAGE_KERNEL_ROX and use ROX cache when
configuration and CPU features allow it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250713071730.4117334-8-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Cc: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
After update of execmem_cache_free() that made memory writable before
updating it, there is no need to update read only memory, so the writable
parameter to execmem_fill_trapping_insns() is not needed. Drop it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250713071730.4117334-7-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
When execmem populates ROX cache it uses vmalloc(VM_ALLOW_HUGE_VMAP).
Although vmalloc falls back to allocating base pages if high order
allocation fails, it may happen that it still cannot allocate enough
memory.
Right now ROX cache is only used by modules and in majority of cases the
allocations happen at boot time when there's plenty of free memory, but
upcoming enabling ROX cache for ftrace and kprobes would mean that execmem
allocations can happen when the system is under memory pressure and a
failure to allocate large page worth of memory becomes more likely.
Fallback to regular vmalloc() if vmalloc(VM_ALLOW_HUGE_VMAP) fails.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250713071730.4117334-6-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
to avoid static declarations.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250713071730.4117334-5-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Currently execmem_cache_free() ignores potential allocation failures that
may happen in execmem_cache_add(). Besides, it uses text poking to fill
the memory with trapping instructions before returning it to cache
although it would be more efficient to make that memory writable, update
it using memcpy and then restore ROX protection.
Rework execmem_cache_free() so that in case of an error it will defer
freeing of the memory to a delayed work.
With this the happy fast path will now change permissions to RW, fill the
memory with trapping instructions using memcpy, restore ROX permissions,
add the memory back to the free cache and clear the relevant entry in
busy_areas.
If any step in the fast path fails, the entry in busy_areas will be marked
as pending_free. These entries will be handled by a delayed work and
freed asynchronously.
To make the fast path faster, use __GFP_NORETRY for memory allocations and
let asynchronous handler try harder with GFP_KERNEL.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250713071730.4117334-4-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Some callers of execmem_alloc() require the memory to be temporarily
writable even when it is allocated from ROX cache. These callers use
execemem_make_temp_rw() right after the call to execmem_alloc().
Wrap this sequence in execmem_alloc_rw() API.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250713071730.4117334-3-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Patch series "x86: enable EXECMEM_ROX_CACHE for ftrace and kprobes", v3.
These patches enable use of EXECMEM_ROX_CACHE for ftrace and kprobes
allocations on x86.
They also include some ground work in execmem.
Since the execmem model for caching large ROX pages changed from the
initial assumption that the memory that is allocated from ROX cache is
always ROX to the current state where memory can be temporarily made RW
and then restored to ROX, we can stop using text poking to update it.
This also saves the hassle of trying lock text_mutex in
execmem_cache_free() when kprobes already hold that mutex.
This patch (of 8):
The execmem_update_copy() that used text poking was required when memory
allocated from ROX cache was always read-only. Since now its permissions
can be switched to read-write there is no need in a function that updates
memory with text poking.
Remove it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250713071730.4117334-1-rppt@kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250713071730.4117334-2-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
By inducing delays in the right places, Jann Horn created a reproducer for
a hard to hit UAF issue that became possible after VMAs were allowed to be
recycled by adding SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU to their cache.
Race description is borrowed from Jann's discovery report:
lock_vma_under_rcu() looks up a VMA locklessly with mas_walk() under
rcu_read_lock(). At that point, the VMA may be concurrently freed, and it
can be recycled by another process. vma_start_read() then increments the
vma->vm_refcnt (if it is in an acceptable range), and if this succeeds,
vma_start_read() can return a recycled VMA.
In this scenario where the VMA has been recycled, lock_vma_under_rcu()
will then detect the mismatching ->vm_mm pointer and drop the VMA through
vma_end_read(), which calls vma_refcount_put(). vma_refcount_put() drops
the refcount and then calls rcuwait_wake_up() using a copy of vma->vm_mm.
This is wrong: It implicitly assumes that the caller is keeping the VMA's
mm alive, but in this scenario the caller has no relation to the VMA's mm,
so the rcuwait_wake_up() can cause UAF.
The diagram depicting the race:
T1 T2 T3
== == ==
lock_vma_under_rcu
mas_walk
<VMA gets removed from mm>
mmap
<the same VMA is reallocated>
vma_start_read
__refcount_inc_not_zero_limited_acquire
munmap
__vma_enter_locked
refcount_add_not_zero
vma_end_read
vma_refcount_put
__refcount_dec_and_test
rcuwait_wait_event
<finish operation>
rcuwait_wake_up [UAF]
Note that rcuwait_wait_event() in T3 does not block because refcount was
already dropped by T1. At this point T3 can exit and free the mm causing
UAF in T1.
To avoid this we move vma->vm_mm verification into vma_start_read() and
grab vma->vm_mm to stabilize it before vma_refcount_put() operation.
[surenb@google.com: v3]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250729145709.2731370-1-surenb@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250728175355.2282375-1-surenb@google.com
Fixes: 3104138517fc ("mm: make vma cache SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU")
Signed-off-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAG48ez0-deFbVH=E3jbkWx=X3uVbd8nWeo6kbJPQ0KoUD+m2tA@mail.gmail.com/
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
If an anon folio is mapped into userspace, its anon_vma must be alive,
otherwise rmap walks can hit UAF.
There have been syzkaller reports a few months ago[1][2] of UAF in rmap
walks that seems to indicate that there can be pages with elevated
mapcount whose anon_vma has already been freed, but I think we never
figured out what the cause is; and syzkaller only hit these UAFs when
memory pressure randomly caused reclaim to rmap-walk the affected pages,
so it of course didn't manage to create a reproducer.
Add a VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO() when we add/remove mappings of anonymous folios
to hopefully catch such issues more reliably.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/67abaeaf.050a0220.110943.0041.GAE@google.com
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/67a76f33.050a0220.3d72c.0028.GAE@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250725-anonvma-uaf-debug-v2-1-bc3c7e5ba5b1@google.com
Signed-off-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
This is dead code, which was used from commit b739f125e4eb ("i915: use
io_mapping_map_user") but reverted a month later by commit 0e4fe0c9f2f9
("Revert "i915: use io_mapping_map_user"") back in 2021.
Since then nobody has used it, so remove it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: update Documentation/core-api/mm-api.rst, per Vlastimil]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250725142901.81502-1-lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
