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path: root/drivers/vfio
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2022-12-05vfio: Create wrappers for group register/unregisterYi Liu
This avoids decoding group fields in the common functions used by vfio_device registration, and prepares for further moving the vfio group specific code into separate file. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221201145535.589687-4-yi.l.liu@intel.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-12-05vfio: Move the sanity check of the group to vfio_create_group()Jason Gunthorpe
This avoids opening group specific code in __vfio_register_dev() for the sanity check if an (existing) group is not corrupted by having two copies of the same struct device in it. It also simplifies the error unwind for this sanity check since the failure can be detected in the group allocation. This also prepares for moving the group specific code into separate group.c. Grabbed from: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20220922152338.2a2238fe.alex.williamson@redhat.com/ Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221201145535.589687-3-yi.l.liu@intel.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com>
2022-12-05vfio: Simplify vfio_create_group()Jason Gunthorpe
The vfio.group_lock is now only used to serialize vfio_group creation and destruction, we don't need a micro-optimization of searching, unlocking, then allocating and searching again. Just hold the lock the whole time. Grabbed from: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20220922152338.2a2238fe.alex.williamson@redhat.com/ Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221201145535.589687-2-yi.l.liu@intel.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com>
2022-12-02vfio/iova_bitmap: refactor iova_bitmap_set() to better handle page boundariesJoao Martins
Commit f38044e5ef58 ("vfio/iova_bitmap: Fix PAGE_SIZE unaligned bitmaps") had fixed the unaligned bitmaps by capping the remaining iterable set at the start of the bitmap. Although, that mistakenly worked around iova_bitmap_set() incorrectly setting bits across page boundary. Fix this by reworking the loop inside iova_bitmap_set() to iterate over a range of bits to set (cur_bit .. last_bit) which may span different pinned pages, thus updating @page_idx and @offset as it sets the bits. The previous cap to the first page is now adjusted to be always accounted rather than when there's only a non-zero pgoff. While at it, make @page_idx , @offset and @nbits to be unsigned int given that it won't be more than 512 and 4096 respectively (even a bigger PAGE_SIZE or a smaller struct page size won't make this bigger than the above 32-bit max). Also, delete the stale kdoc on Return type. Cc: Avihai Horon <avihaih@nvidia.com> Fixes: f38044e5ef58 ("vfio/iova_bitmap: Fix PAGE_SIZE unaligned bitmaps") Co-developed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Joao Martins <joao.m.martins@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Avihai Horon <avihaih@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221129131235.38880-1-joao.m.martins@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-12-02Merge tag 'v6.1-rc7' into iommufd.git for-nextJason Gunthorpe
Resolve conflicts in drivers/vfio/vfio_main.c by using the iommfd version. The rc fix was done a different way when iommufd patches reworked this code. Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-12-02vfio: Make vfio_container optionally compiledJason Gunthorpe
Add a kconfig CONFIG_VFIO_CONTAINER that controls compiling the container code. If 'n' then only iommufd will provide the container service. All the support for vfio iommu drivers, including type1, will not be built. This allows a compilation check that no inappropriate dependencies between the device/group and container have been created. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/9-v4-42cd2eb0e3eb+335a-vfio_iommufd_jgg@nvidia.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Nicolin Chen <nicolinc@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-12-02vfio: Move container related MODULE_ALIAS statements into container.cJason Gunthorpe
The miscdev is in container.c, so should these related MODULE_ALIAS statements. This is necessary for the next patch to be able to fully disable /dev/vfio/vfio. Fixes: cdc71fe4ecbf ("vfio: Move container code into drivers/vfio/container.c") Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/8-v4-42cd2eb0e3eb+335a-vfio_iommufd_jgg@nvidia.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Reported-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-12-02vfio-iommufd: Support iommufd for emulated VFIO devicesJason Gunthorpe
Emulated VFIO devices are calling vfio_register_emulated_iommu_dev() and consist of all the mdev drivers. Like the physical drivers, support for iommufd is provided by the driver supplying the correct standard ops. Provide ops from the core that duplicate what vfio_register_emulated_iommu_dev() does. Emulated drivers are where it is more likely to see variation in the iommfd support ops. For instance IDXD will probably need to setup both a iommfd_device context linked to a PASID and an iommufd_access context to support all their mdev operations. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/7-v4-42cd2eb0e3eb+335a-vfio_iommufd_jgg@nvidia.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Nicolin Chen <nicolinc@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-12-02vfio-iommufd: Support iommufd for physical VFIO devicesJason Gunthorpe
This creates the iommufd_device for the physical VFIO drivers. These are all the drivers that are calling vfio_register_group_dev() and expect the type1 code to setup a real iommu_domain against their parent struct device. The design gives the driver a choice in how it gets connected to iommufd by providing bind_iommufd/unbind_iommufd/attach_ioas callbacks to implement as required. The core code provides three default callbacks for physical mode using a real iommu_domain. This is suitable for drivers using vfio_register_group_dev() Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/6-v4-42cd2eb0e3eb+335a-vfio_iommufd_jgg@nvidia.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Nicolin Chen <nicolinc@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-12-02vfio-iommufd: Allow iommufd to be used in place of a container fdJason Gunthorpe
This makes VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER accept both a vfio container FD and an iommufd. In iommufd mode an IOAS will exist after the SET_CONTAINER, but it will not be attached to any groups. For VFIO this means that the VFIO_GROUP_GET_STATUS and VFIO_GROUP_FLAGS_VIABLE works subtly differently. With the container FD the iommu_group_claim_dma_owner() is done during SET_CONTAINER but for IOMMUFD this is done during VFIO_GROUP_GET_DEVICE_FD. Meaning that VFIO_GROUP_FLAGS_VIABLE could be set but GET_DEVICE_FD will fail due to viability. As GET_DEVICE_FD can fail for many reasons already this is not expected to be a meaningful difference. Reorganize the tests for if the group has an assigned container or iommu into a vfio_group_has_iommu() function and consolidate all the duplicated WARN_ON's etc related to this. Call container functions only if a container is actually present on the group. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/5-v4-42cd2eb0e3eb+335a-vfio_iommufd_jgg@nvidia.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Nicolin Chen <nicolinc@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-12-02vfio: Use IOMMU_CAP_ENFORCE_CACHE_COHERENCY for vfio_file_enforced_coherent()Jason Gunthorpe
iommufd doesn't establish the iommu_domains until after the device FD is opened, even if the container has been set. This design is part of moving away from the group centric iommu APIs. This is fine, except that the normal sequence of establishing the kvm wbinvd won't work: group = open("/dev/vfio/XX") ioctl(group, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER) ioctl(kvm, KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_ADD) ioctl(group, VFIO_GROUP_GET_DEVICE_FD) As the domains don't start existing until GET_DEVICE_FD. Further, GET_DEVICE_FD requires that KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_ADD already be done as that is what sets the group->kvm and thus device->kvm for the driver to use during open. Now that we have device centric cap ops and the new IOMMU_CAP_ENFORCE_CACHE_COHERENCY we know what the iommu_domain will be capable of without having to create it. Use this to compute vfio_file_enforced_coherent() and resolve the ordering problems. VFIO always tries to upgrade domains to enforce cache coherency, it never attaches a device that supports enforce cache coherency to a less capable domain, so the cap test is a sufficient proxy for the ultimate outcome. iommufd also ensures that devices that set the cap will be connected to enforcing domains. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/4-v4-42cd2eb0e3eb+335a-vfio_iommufd_jgg@nvidia.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Nicolin Chen <nicolinc@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-12-02vfio: Rename vfio_device_assign/unassign_container()Jason Gunthorpe
These functions don't really assign anything anymore, they just increment some refcounts and do a sanity check. Call them vfio_group_[un]use_container() Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/3-v4-42cd2eb0e3eb+335a-vfio_iommufd_jgg@nvidia.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Nicolin Chen <nicolinc@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-12-02vfio: Move vfio_device_assign_container() into vfio_device_first_open()Jason Gunthorpe
The only thing this function does is assert the group has an assigned container and incrs refcounts. The overall model we have is that once a container_users refcount is incremented it cannot be de-assigned from the group - vfio_group_ioctl_unset_container() will fail and the group FD cannot be closed. Thus we do not need to check this on every device FD open, just the first. Reorganize the code so that only the first open and last close manages the container. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/2-v4-42cd2eb0e3eb+335a-vfio_iommufd_jgg@nvidia.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Nicolin Chen <nicolinc@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-12-02vfio: Move vfio_device driver open/close code to a functionJason Gunthorpe
This error unwind is getting complicated. Move all the code into two pair'd function. The functions should be called when the open_count == 1 after incrementing/before decrementing. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1-v4-42cd2eb0e3eb+335a-vfio_iommufd_jgg@nvidia.com Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Tested-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Tested-by: Nicolin Chen <nicolinc@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Lixiao Yang <lixiao.yang@intel.com> Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Yu He <yu.he@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2022-11-24driver core: make struct class.devnode() take a const *Greg Kroah-Hartman
The devnode() in struct class should not be modifying the device that is passed into it, so mark it as a const * and propagate the function signature changes out into all relevant subsystems that use this callback. Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> Cc: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: x86@kernel.org Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Justin Sanders <justin@coraid.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@linaro.org> Cc: Benjamin Gaignard <benjamin.gaignard@collabora.com> Cc: Liam Mark <lmark@codeaurora.org> Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: Brian Starkey <Brian.Starkey@arm.com> Cc: John Stultz <jstultz@google.com> Cc: "Christian König" <christian.koenig@amd.com> Cc: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@linux.intel.com> Cc: Maxime Ripard <mripard@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Cc: David Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Dennis Dalessandro <dennis.dalessandro@cornelisnetworks.com> Cc: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com> Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> Cc: Sean Young <sean@mess.org> Cc: Frank Haverkamp <haver@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com> Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Cc: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Anton Vorontsov <anton@enomsg.org> Cc: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz> Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.com> Cc: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil-cisco@xs4all.nl> Cc: Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr> Cc: Xie Yongji <xieyongji@bytedance.com> Cc: Gautam Dawar <gautam.dawar@xilinx.com> Cc: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com> Cc: Eli Cohen <elic@nvidia.com> Cc: Parav Pandit <parav@nvidia.com> Cc: Maxime Coquelin <maxime.coquelin@redhat.com> Cc: alsa-devel@alsa-project.org Cc: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org Cc: linaro-mm-sig@lists.linaro.org Cc: linux-block@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-input@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-media@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-usb@vger.kernel.org Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221123122523.1332370-2-gregkh@linuxfoundation.org Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-11-23vfio/fsl-mc: Remove linux/msi.h includeThomas Gleixner
Nothing in this file needs anything from linux/msi.h Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Acked-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221113202428.826924043@linutronix.de
2022-11-14vfio/mlx5: Fix a typo in mlx5vf_cmd_load_vhca_state()Yishai Hadas
Fix a typo in mlx5vf_cmd_load_vhca_state() to use the 'load' memory layout. As in/out sizes are equal for save and load commands there wasn't any functional issue. Fixes: f1d98f346ee3 ("vfio/mlx5: Expose migration commands over mlx5 device") Signed-off-by: Yishai Hadas <yishaih@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221106174630.25909-3-yishaih@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-11-14vfio: Add an option to get migration data sizeYishai Hadas
Add an option to get migration data size by introducing a new migration feature named VFIO_DEVICE_FEATURE_MIG_DATA_SIZE. Upon VFIO_DEVICE_FEATURE_GET the estimated data length that will be required to complete STOP_COPY is returned. This option may better enable user space to consider before moving to STOP_COPY whether it can meet the downtime SLA based on the returned data. The patch also includes the implementation for mlx5 and hisi for this new option to make it feature complete for the existing drivers in this area. Signed-off-by: Yishai Hadas <yishaih@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221106174630.25909-2-yishaih@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-11-10vfio/pci: Check the device set open count on resetAnthony DeRossi
vfio_pci_dev_set_needs_reset() inspects the open_count of every device in the set to determine whether a reset is allowed. The current device always has open_count == 1 within vfio_pci_core_disable(), effectively disabling the reset logic. This field is also documented as private in vfio_device, so it should not be used to determine whether other devices in the set are open. Checking for vfio_device_set_open_count() > 1 on the device set fixes both issues. After commit 2cd8b14aaa66 ("vfio/pci: Move to the device set infrastructure"), failure to create a new file for a device would cause the reset to be skipped due to open_count being decremented after calling close_device() in the error path. After commit eadd86f835c6 ("vfio: Remove calls to vfio_group_add_container_user()"), releasing a device would always skip the reset due to an ordering change in vfio_device_fops_release(). Failing to reset the device leaves it in an unknown state, potentially causing errors when it is accessed later or bound to a different driver. This issue was observed with a Radeon RX Vega 56 [1002:687f] (rev c3) assigned to a Windows guest. After shutting down the guest, unbinding the device from vfio-pci, and binding the device to amdgpu: [ 548.007102] [drm:psp_hw_start [amdgpu]] *ERROR* PSP create ring failed! [ 548.027174] [drm:psp_hw_init [amdgpu]] *ERROR* PSP firmware loading failed [ 548.027242] [drm:amdgpu_device_fw_loading [amdgpu]] *ERROR* hw_init of IP block <psp> failed -22 [ 548.027306] amdgpu 0000:0a:00.0: amdgpu: amdgpu_device_ip_init failed [ 548.027308] amdgpu 0000:0a:00.0: amdgpu: Fatal error during GPU init Fixes: 2cd8b14aaa66 ("vfio/pci: Move to the device set infrastructure") Fixes: eadd86f835c6 ("vfio: Remove calls to vfio_group_add_container_user()") Signed-off-by: Anthony DeRossi <ajderossi@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221110014027.28780-4-ajderossi@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-11-10vfio: Export the device set open countAnthony DeRossi
The open count of a device set is the sum of the open counts of all devices in the set. Drivers can use this value to determine whether shared resources are in use without tracking them manually or accessing the private open_count in vfio_device. Signed-off-by: Anthony DeRossi <ajderossi@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221110014027.28780-3-ajderossi@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-11-10vfio: Fix container device registration life cycleAnthony DeRossi
In vfio_device_open(), vfio_device_container_register() is always called when open_count == 1. On error, vfio_device_container_unregister() is only called when open_count == 1 and close_device is set. This leaks a registration for devices without a close_device implementation. In vfio_device_fops_release(), vfio_device_container_unregister() is called unconditionally. This can cause a device to be unregistered multiple times. Treating container device registration/unregistration uniformly (always when open_count == 1) fixes both issues. Fixes: ce4b4657ff18 ("vfio: Replace the DMA unmapping notifier with a callback") Signed-off-by: Anthony DeRossi <ajderossi@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221110014027.28780-2-ajderossi@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-11-10vfio: Remove vfio_free_deviceEric Farman
With the "mess" sorted out, we should be able to inline the vfio_free_device call introduced by commit cb9ff3f3b84c ("vfio: Add helpers for unifying vfio_device life cycle") and remove them from driver release callbacks. Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Tony Krowiak <akrowiak@linux.ibm.com> # vfio-ap part Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221104142007.1314999-8-farman@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-11-10vfio/ccw: replace vfio_init_device with _alloc_Eric Farman
Now that we have a reasonable separation of structs that follow the subchannel and mdev lifecycles, there's no reason we can't call the official vfio_alloc_device routine for our private data, and behave like everyone else. Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221104142007.1314999-7-farman@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-11-09vfio/iova_bitmap: Fix PAGE_SIZE unaligned bitmapsJoao Martins
iova_bitmap_set() doesn't consider the end of the page boundary when the first bitmap page offset isn't zero, and wrongly changes the consecutive page right after. Consequently this leads to missing dirty pages from reported by the device as seen from the VMM. The current logic iterates over a given number of base pages and clamps it to the remaining indexes to iterate in the last page. Instead of having to consider extra pages to pin (e.g. first and extra pages), just handle the first page as its own range and let the rest of the bitmap be handled as if it was base page aligned. This is done by changing iova_bitmap_mapped_remaining() to return PAGE_SIZE - pgoff (on the first bitmap page), and leads to pgoff being set to 0 on following iterations. Fixes: 58ccf0190d19 ("vfio: Add an IOVA bitmap support") Reported-by: Avihai Horon <avihaih@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Avihai Horon <avihaih@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Joao Martins <joao.m.martins@oracle.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221025193114.58695-3-joao.m.martins@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-11-09vfio/iova_bitmap: Explicitly include linux/slab.hJoao Martins
kzalloc/kzfree are used so include `slab.h`. While it happens to work without it, due to commit 8b9f3ac5b01d ("fs: introduce alloc_inode_sb() to allocate filesystems specific inode") which indirectly includes via: . ./include/linux/mm.h .. ./include/linux/huge_mm.h ... ./include/linux/fs.h .... ./include/linux/slab.h Make it explicit should any of its indirect dependencies be dropped/changed for entirely different reasons as it was the cause prior to commit above recently (i.e. <= v5.18). Signed-off-by: Joao Martins <joao.m.martins@oracle.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221025193114.58695-2-joao.m.martins@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-11-09vfio: platform: Do not pass return buffer to ACPI _RST methodRafael Mendonca
The ACPI _RST method has no return value, there's no need to pass a return buffer to acpi_evaluate_object(). Fixes: d30daa33ec1d ("vfio: platform: call _RST method when using ACPI") Signed-off-by: Rafael Mendonca <rafaelmendsr@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221018152825.891032-1-rafaelmendsr@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-11-09vfio/mlx5: Switch to use module_pci_driver() macroShang XiaoJing
Since pci provides the helper macro module_pci_driver(), we may replace the module_init/exit with it. Signed-off-by: Shang XiaoJing <shangxiaojing@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Yishai Hadas <yishaih@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220922123507.11222-1-shangxiaojing@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-12Merge tag 'vfio-v6.1-rc1' of https://github.com/awilliam/linux-vfioLinus Torvalds
Pull VFIO updates from Alex Williamson: - Prune private items from vfio_pci_core.h to a new internal header, fix missed function rename, and refactor vfio-pci interrupt defines (Jason Gunthorpe) - Create consistent naming and handling of ioctls with a function per ioctl for vfio-pci and vfio group handling, use proper type args where available (Jason Gunthorpe) - Implement a set of low power device feature ioctls allowing userspace to make use of power states such as D3cold where supported (Abhishek Sahu) - Remove device counter on vfio groups, which had restricted the page pinning interface to singleton groups to account for limitations in the type1 IOMMU backend. Document usage as limited to emulated IOMMU devices, ie. traditional mdev devices where this restriction is consistent (Jason Gunthorpe) - Correct function prefix in hisi_acc driver incurred during previous refactoring (Shameer Kolothum) - Correct typo and remove redundant warning triggers in vfio-fsl driver (Christophe JAILLET) - Introduce device level DMA dirty tracking uAPI and implementation in the mlx5 variant driver (Yishai Hadas & Joao Martins) - Move much of the vfio_device life cycle management into vfio core, simplifying and avoiding duplication across drivers. This also facilitates adding a struct device to vfio_device which begins the introduction of device rather than group level user support and fills a gap allowing userspace identify devices as vfio capable without implicit knowledge of the driver (Kevin Tian & Yi Liu) - Split vfio container handling to a separate file, creating a more well defined API between the core and container code, masking IOMMU backend implementation from the core, allowing for an easier future transition to an iommufd based implementation of the same (Jason Gunthorpe) - Attempt to resolve race accessing the iommu_group for a device between vfio releasing DMA ownership and removal of the device from the IOMMU driver. Follow-up with support to allow vfio_group to exist with NULL iommu_group pointer to support existing userspace use cases of holding the group file open (Jason Gunthorpe) - Fix error code and hi/lo register manipulation issues in the hisi_acc variant driver, along with various code cleanups (Longfang Liu) - Fix a prior regression in GVT-g group teardown, resulting in unreleased resources (Jason Gunthorpe) - A significant cleanup and simplification of the mdev interface, consolidating much of the open coded per driver sysfs interface support into the mdev core (Christoph Hellwig) - Simplification of tracking and locking around vfio_groups that fall out from previous refactoring (Jason Gunthorpe) - Replace trivial open coded f_ops tests with new helper (Alex Williamson) * tag 'vfio-v6.1-rc1' of https://github.com/awilliam/linux-vfio: (77 commits) vfio: More vfio_file_is_group() use cases vfio: Make the group FD disassociate from the iommu_group vfio: Hold a reference to the iommu_group in kvm for SPAPR vfio: Add vfio_file_is_group() vfio: Change vfio_group->group_rwsem to a mutex vfio: Remove the vfio_group->users and users_comp vfio/mdev: add mdev available instance checking to the core vfio/mdev: consolidate all the description sysfs into the core code vfio/mdev: consolidate all the available_instance sysfs into the core code vfio/mdev: consolidate all the name sysfs into the core code vfio/mdev: consolidate all the device_api sysfs into the core code vfio/mdev: remove mtype_get_parent_dev vfio/mdev: remove mdev_parent_dev vfio/mdev: unexport mdev_bus_type vfio/mdev: remove mdev_from_dev vfio/mdev: simplify mdev_type handling vfio/mdev: embedd struct mdev_parent in the parent data structure vfio/mdev: make mdev.h standalone includable drm/i915/gvt: simplify vgpu configuration management drm/i915/gvt: fix a memory leak in intel_gvt_init_vgpu_types ...
2022-10-07vfio: More vfio_file_is_group() use casesAlex Williamson
Replace further open coded tests with helper. Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/166516896843.1215571.5378890510536477434.stgit@omen Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-07vfio: Make the group FD disassociate from the iommu_groupJason Gunthorpe
Allow the vfio_group struct to exist with a NULL iommu_group pointer. When the pointer is NULL the vfio_group users promise not to touch the iommu_group. This allows a driver to be hot unplugged while userspace is keeping the group FD open. Remove all the code waiting for the group FD to close. This fixes a userspace regression where we learned that virtnodedevd leaves a group FD open even though the /dev/ node for it has been deleted and all the drivers for it unplugged. Fixes: ca5f21b25749 ("vfio: Follow a strict lifetime for struct iommu_group") Reported-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Tested-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/3-v2-15417f29324e+1c-vfio_group_disassociate_jgg@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-07vfio: Hold a reference to the iommu_group in kvm for SPAPRJason Gunthorpe
SPAPR exists completely outside the normal iommu driver framework, the groups it creates are fake and are only created to enable VFIO's uAPI. Thus, it does not need to follow the iommu core rule that the iommu_group will only be touched while a driver is attached. Carry a group reference into KVM and have KVM directly manage the lifetime of this object independently of VFIO. This means KVM no longer relies on the vfio group file being valid to maintain the group reference. Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/2-v2-15417f29324e+1c-vfio_group_disassociate_jgg@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-07vfio: Add vfio_file_is_group()Jason Gunthorpe
This replaces uses of vfio_file_iommu_group() which were only detecting if the file is a VFIO file with no interest in the actual group. The only remaning user of vfio_file_iommu_group() is in KVM for the SPAPR stuff. It passes the iommu_group into the arch code through kvm for some reason. Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Tested-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1-v2-15417f29324e+1c-vfio_group_disassociate_jgg@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio: Change vfio_group->group_rwsem to a mutexJason Gunthorpe
These days not much is using the read side: - device first open - ioctl_get_status - device FD release - check enforced_coherent None of this is performance, so just make it into a normal mutex. Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/2-v1-917e3647f123+b1a-vfio_group_users_jgg@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio: Remove the vfio_group->users and users_compJason Gunthorpe
Kevin points out that the users is really just tracking if group->opened_file is set, so we can simplify this code to a wait_queue that looks for !opened_file under the group_rwsem. Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1-v1-917e3647f123+b1a-vfio_group_users_jgg@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: add mdev available instance checking to the coreJason Gunthorpe
Many of the mdev drivers use a simple counter for keeping track of the available instances. Move this code to the core code and store the counter in the mdev_parent. Implement it using correct locking, fixing mdpy. Drivers just provide the value in the mdev_driver at registration time and the core code takes care of maintaining it and exposing the value in sysfs. [hch: count instances per-parent instead of per-type, use an atomic_t to avoid taking mdev_list_lock in the show method] Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-15-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: consolidate all the description sysfs into the core codeChristoph Hellwig
Every driver just emits a string, simply add a method to the mdev_driver to return it and provide a standard sysfs show function. Remove the now unused types_attrs field in struct mdev_driver and the support code for it. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-14-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: consolidate all the available_instance sysfs into the core codeChristoph Hellwig
Every driver just print a number, simply add a method to the mdev_driver to return it and provide a standard sysfs show function. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-13-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: consolidate all the name sysfs into the core codeChristoph Hellwig
Every driver just emits a static string, simply add a field to the mdev_type for the driver to fill out or fall back to the sysfs name and provide a standard sysfs show function. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-12-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: consolidate all the device_api sysfs into the core codeJason Gunthorpe
Every driver just emits a static string, simply feed it through the ops and provide a standard sysfs show function. Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Tony Krowiak <akrowiak@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-11-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: remove mtype_get_parent_devChristoph Hellwig
Just open code the dereferences in the only user. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Jason J. Herne <jjherne@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-10-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: remove mdev_parent_devChristoph Hellwig
Just open code the dereferences in the only user. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-9-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: unexport mdev_bus_typeChristoph Hellwig
mdev_bus_type is only used in mdev.ko now, so unexport it. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-8-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: remove mdev_from_devChristoph Hellwig
Just open code it in the only caller. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-7-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: simplify mdev_type handlingChristoph Hellwig
Instead of abusing struct attribute_group to control initialization of struct mdev_type, just define the actual attributes in the mdev_driver, allocate the mdev_type structures in the caller and pass them to mdev_register_parent. This allows the caller to use container_of to get at the containing structure and thus significantly simplify the code. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Tony Krowiak <akrowiak@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-6-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: embedd struct mdev_parent in the parent data structureChristoph Hellwig
Simplify mdev_{un}register_device by requiring the caller to pass in a structure allocate as part of the parent device structure. This removes the need for a list of parents and the separate mdev_parent refcount as we can simplify rely on the reference to the parent device. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Tony Krowiak <akrowiak@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-5-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-10-04vfio/mdev: make mdev.h standalone includableChristoph Hellwig
Include <linux/device.h> and <linux/uuid.h> so that users of this headers don't need to do that and remove those includes that aren't needed any more. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Tony Krowiak <akrowiak@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220923092652.100656-4-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-09-27hisi_acc_vfio_pci: Update some log and comment formatsLongfang Liu
1. Modify some annotation information formats to keep the entire driver annotation format consistent. 2. Modify some log description formats to be consistent with the format of the entire driver log. Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220926093332.28824-6-liulongfang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-09-27hisi_acc_vfio_pci: Remove useless macro definitionsLongfang Liu
The QM_QUE_ISO_CFG macro definition is no longer used and needs to be deleted from the current driver. Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220926093332.28824-5-liulongfang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-09-27hisi_acc_vfio_pci: Remove useless function parameterLongfang Liu
Remove unused function parameters for vf_qm_fun_reset() and ensure the device is enabled before the reset operation is performed. Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220926093332.28824-4-liulongfang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
2022-09-27hisi_acc_vfio_pci: Fix device data address combination problemLongfang Liu
The queue address of the accelerator device should be combined into a dma address in a way of combining the low and high bits. The previous combination is wrong and needs to be modified. Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220926093332.28824-3-liulongfang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>