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I've been tracking down an issue on a ~5.17ish kernel where:
CPUx CPUy
<DL task p0 owns an rtmutex M>
<p0 depletes its runtime, gets throttled>
<rq switches to the idle task>
<DL task p1 blocks on M, boost/replenish p0>
<No call to resched_curr() happens here>
[idle task keeps running here until *something*
accidentally sets TIF_NEED_RESCHED]
On that kernel, it is quite easy to trigger using rt-tests's deadline_test
[1] with the test running on isolated CPUs (this reduces the chance of
something unrelated setting TIF_NEED_RESCHED on the idle tasks, making the
issue even more obvious as the hung task detector chimes in).
I haven't been able to reproduce this using a mainline kernel, even if I
revert
2972e3050e35 ("tracing: Make trace_marker{,_raw} stream-like")
which gets rid of the lock involved in the above test, *but* I cannot
convince myself the issue isn't there from looking at the code.
Make prio_changed_dl() issue a reschedule if the current task isn't a
deadline one. While at it, ensure a reschedule is emitted when a
queued-but-not-current task gets boosted with an earlier deadline that
current's.
[1]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/rt-tests/rt-tests.git
Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230206140612.701871-1-vschneid@redhat.com
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When a scheduling entity is placed onto cfs_rq, its vruntime is pulled
to the base level (around cfs_rq->min_vruntime), so that the entity
doesn't gain extra boost when placed backwards.
However, if the entity being placed wasn't executed for a long time, its
vruntime may get too far behind (e.g. while cfs_rq was executing a
low-weight hog), which can inverse the vruntime comparison due to s64
overflow. This results in the entity being placed with its original
vruntime way forwards, so that it will effectively never get to the cpu.
To prevent that, ignore the vruntime of the entity being placed if it
didn't execute for much longer than the characteristic sheduler time
scale.
[rkagan: formatted, adjusted commit log, comments, cutoff value]
Signed-off-by: Zhang Qiao <zhangqiao22@huawei.com>
Co-developed-by: Roman Kagan <rkagan@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Roman Kagan <rkagan@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230130122216.3555094-1-rkagan@amazon.de
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Remove the capacity inversion detection which is now handled by
util_fits_cpu() returning -1 when we need to continue to look for a
potential CPU with better performance.
This ends up almost reverting patches below except for some comments:
commit da07d2f9c153 ("sched/fair: Fixes for capacity inversion detection")
commit aa69c36f31aa ("sched/fair: Consider capacity inversion in util_fits_cpu()")
commit 44c7b80bffc3 ("sched/fair: Detect capacity inversion")
Signed-off-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230201143628.270912-3-vincent.guittot@linaro.org
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By taking into account uclamp_min, the 1:1 relation between task misfit
and cpu overutilized is no more true as a task with a small util_avg may
not fit a high capacity cpu because of uclamp_min constraint.
Add a new state in util_fits_cpu() to reflect the case that task would fit
a CPU except for the uclamp_min hint which is a performance requirement.
Use -1 to reflect that a CPU doesn't fit only because of uclamp_min so we
can use this new value to take additional action to select the best CPU
that doesn't match uclamp_min hint.
When util_fits_cpu() returns -1, we will continue to look for a possible
CPU with better performance, which replaces Capacity Inversion detection
with capacity_orig_of() - thermal_load_avg to detect a capacity inversion.
Signed-off-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Reviewed-and-tested-by: Qais Yousef <qyousef@layalina.io>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
Tested-by: Kajetan Puchalski <kajetan.puchalski@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230201143628.270912-2-vincent.guittot@linaro.org
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With sched_clock() noinstr, provide a noinstr implementation of
local_clock().
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230126151323.760767043@infradead.org
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Extend/fix commit:
9aedeaed6fc6 ("tracing, hardirq: No moar _rcuidle() tracing")
... to also cover trace_preempt_{on,off}() which were mysteriously
untouched.
Fixes: 9aedeaed6fc6 ("tracing, hardirq: No moar _rcuidle() tracing")
Reported-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/Y9D5AfnOukWNOZ5q@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/Y9jWXKgkxY5EZVwW@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net
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In order to avoid WARN/BUG from generating nested or even recursive
warnings, force rcu_is_watching() true during
WARN/lockdep_rcu_suspicious().
Notably things like unwinding the stack can trigger rcu_dereference()
warnings, which then triggers more unwinding which then triggers more
warnings etc..
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230126151323.408156109@infradead.org
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Pick up fixes before merging another batch of cpuidle updates.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull irq fix from Borislav Petkov:
- Cleanup the firmware node for the new IRQ MSI domain properly, to
avoid leaking memory
* tag 'irq_urgent_for_v6.2_rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
genirq/msi: Free the fwnode created by msi_create_device_irq_domain()
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace
Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt:
- Fix filter memory leak by calling ftrace_free_filter()
- Initialize trace_printk() earlier so that ftrace_dump_on_oops shows
data on early crashes.
- Update the outdated instructions in scripts/tracing/ftrace-bisect.sh
- Add lockdep_is_held() to fix lockdep warning
- Add allocation failure check in create_hist_field()
- Don't initialize pointer that gets set right away in enabled_monitors_write()
- Update MAINTAINER entries
- Fix help messages in Kconfigs
- Fix kernel-doc header for update_preds()
* tag 'trace-v6.2-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace:
bootconfig: Update MAINTAINERS file to add tree and mailing list
rv: remove redundant initialization of pointer ptr
ftrace: Maintain samples/ftrace
tracing/filter: fix kernel-doc warnings
lib: Kconfig: fix spellos
trace_events_hist: add check for return value of 'create_hist_field'
tracing/osnoise: Use built-in RCU list checking
tracing: Kconfig: Fix spelling/grammar/punctuation
ftrace/scripts: Update the instructions for ftrace-bisect.sh
tracing: Make sure trace_printk() can output as soon as it can be used
ftrace: Export ftrace_free_filter() to modules
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The pointer ptr is being initialized with a value that is never read,
it is being updated later on a call to strim. Remove the extraneous
initialization.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230116161612.77192-1-colin.i.king@gmail.com
Cc: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.i.king@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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Use the 'struct' keyword for a struct's kernel-doc notation and
use the correct function parameter name to eliminate kernel-doc
warnings:
kernel/trace/trace_events_filter.c:136: warning: cannot understand function prototype: 'struct prog_entry '
kerne/trace/trace_events_filter.c:155: warning: Excess function parameter 'when_to_branch' description in 'update_preds'
Also correct some trivial punctuation problems.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230108021238.16398-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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Function 'create_hist_field' is called recursively at
trace_events_hist.c:1954 and can return NULL-value that's why we have
to check it to avoid null pointer dereference.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230111120409.4111-1-n.petrova@fintech.ru
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 30350d65ac56 ("tracing: Add variable support to hist triggers")
Signed-off-by: Natalia Petrova <n.petrova@fintech.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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list_for_each_entry_rcu() has built-in RCU and lock checking.
Pass cond argument to list_for_each_entry_rcu() to silence false lockdep
warning when CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_LIST is enabled.
Execute as follow:
[tracing]# echo osnoise > current_tracer
[tracing]# echo 1 > tracing_on
[tracing]# echo 0 > tracing_on
The trace_types_lock is held when osnoise_tracer_stop() or
timerlat_tracer_stop() are called in the non-RCU read side section.
So, pass lockdep_is_held(&trace_types_lock) to silence false lockdep
warning.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221227023036.784337-1-nashuiliang@gmail.com
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Fixes: dae181349f1e ("tracing/osnoise: Support a list of trace_array *tr")
Acked-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chuang Wang <nashuiliang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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During a system boot, it can happen that the kernel receives a burst of
requests to insert the same module but loading it eventually fails
during its init call. For instance, udev can make a request to insert
a frequency module for each individual CPU when another frequency module
is already loaded which causes the init function of the new module to
return an error.
Since commit 6e6de3dee51a ("kernel/module.c: Only return -EEXIST for
modules that have finished loading"), the kernel waits for modules in
MODULE_STATE_GOING state to finish unloading before making another
attempt to load the same module.
This creates unnecessary work in the described scenario and delays the
boot. In the worst case, it can prevent udev from loading drivers for
other devices and might cause timeouts of services waiting on them and
subsequently a failed boot.
This patch attempts a different solution for the problem 6e6de3dee51a
was trying to solve. Rather than waiting for the unloading to complete,
it returns a different error code (-EBUSY) for modules in the GOING
state. This should avoid the error situation that was described in
6e6de3dee51a (user space attempting to load a dependent module because
the -EEXIST error code would suggest to user space that the first module
had been loaded successfully), while avoiding the delay situation too.
This has been tested on linux-next since December 2022 and passes
all kmod selftests except test 0009 with module compression enabled
but it has been confirmed that this issue has existed and has gone
unnoticed since prior to this commit and can also be reproduced without
module compression with a simple usleep(5000000) on tools/modprobe.c [0].
These failures are caused by hitting the kernel mod_concurrent_max and can
happen either due to a self inflicted kernel module auto-loead DoS somehow
or on a system with large CPU count and each CPU count incorrectly triggering
many module auto-loads. Both of those issues need to be fixed in-kernel.
[0] https://lore.kernel.org/all/Y9A4fiobL6IHp%2F%2FP@bombadil.infradead.org/
Fixes: 6e6de3dee51a ("kernel/module.c: Only return -EEXIST for modules that have finished loading")
Co-developed-by: Martin Wilck <mwilck@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Wilck <mwilck@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
[mcgrof: enhance commit log with testing and kmod test result interpretation ]
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
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Fix some editorial nits in trace Kconfig.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230124181647.15902-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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Currently trace_printk() can be used as soon as early_trace_init() is
called from start_kernel(). But if a crash happens, and
"ftrace_dump_on_oops" is set on the kernel command line, all you get will
be:
[ 0.456075] <idle>-0 0dN.2. 347519us : Unknown type 6
[ 0.456075] <idle>-0 0dN.2. 353141us : Unknown type 6
[ 0.456075] <idle>-0 0dN.2. 358684us : Unknown type 6
This is because the trace_printk() event (type 6) hasn't been registered
yet. That gets done via an early_initcall(), which may be early, but not
early enough.
Instead of registering the trace_printk() event (and other ftrace events,
which are not trace events) via an early_initcall(), have them registered at
the same time that trace_printk() can be used. This way, if there is a
crash before early_initcall(), then the trace_printk()s will actually be
useful.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230104161412.019f6c55@gandalf.local.home
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Fixes: e725c731e3bb1 ("tracing: Split tracing initialization into two for early initialization")
Reported-by: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Tested-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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Setting filters on an ftrace ops results in some memory being allocated
for the filter hashes, which must be freed before the ops can be freed.
This can be done by removing every individual element of the hash by
calling ftrace_set_filter_ip() or ftrace_set_filter_ips() with `remove`
set, but this is somewhat error prone as it's easy to forget to remove
an element.
Make it easier to clean this up by exporting ftrace_free_filter(), which
can be used to clean up all of the filter hashes after an ftrace_ops has
been unregistered.
Using this, fix the ftrace-direct* samples to free hashes prior to being
unloaded. All other code either removes individual filters explicitly or
is built-in and already calls ftrace_free_filter().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230103124912.2948963-3-mark.rutland@arm.com
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Fixes: e1067a07cfbc ("ftrace/samples: Add module to test multi direct modify interface")
Fixes: 5fae941b9a6f ("ftrace/samples: Add multi direct interface test module")
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler fixes from Borislav Petkov:
- Make sure the scheduler doesn't use stale frequency scaling values
when latter get disabled due to a value error
- Fix a NULL pointer access on UP configs
- Use the proper locking when updating CPU capacity
* tag 'sched_urgent_for_v6.2_rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/aperfmperf: Erase stale arch_freq_scale values when disabling frequency invariance readings
sched/core: Fix NULL pointer access fault in sched_setaffinity() with non-SMP configs
sched/fair: Fixes for capacity inversion detection
sched/uclamp: Fix a uninitialized variable warnings
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core fixes from Greg KH:
"Here are three small driver and kernel core fixes for 6.2-rc5. They
include:
- potential gadget fixup in do_prlimit
- device property refcount leak fix
- test_async_probe bugfix for reported problem"
* tag 'driver-core-6.2-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
prlimit: do_prlimit needs to have a speculation check
driver core: Fix test_async_probe_init saves device in wrong array
device property: fix of node refcount leak in fwnode_graph_get_next_endpoint()
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild fixes from Masahiro Yamada:
- Hide LDFLAGS_vmlinux from decompressor Makefiles to fix error
messages when GNU Make 4.4 is used.
- Fix 'make modules' build error when CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES=y.
- Fix warnings emitted by GNU Make 4.4 in scripts/kconfig/Makefile.
- Support GNU Make 4.4 for scripts/jobserver-exec.
- Show clearer error message when kernel/gen_kheaders.sh fails due to
missing cpio.
* tag 'kbuild-fixes-v6.2-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
kheaders: explicitly validate existence of cpio command
scripts: support GNU make 4.4 in jobserver-exec
kconfig: Update all declared targets
scripts: rpm: make clear that mkspec script contains 4.13 feature
init/Kconfig: fix LOCALVERSION_AUTO help text
kbuild: fix 'make modules' error when CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES=y
kbuild: export top-level LDFLAGS_vmlinux only to scripts/Makefile.vmlinux
init/version-timestamp.c: remove unneeded #include <linux/version.h>
docs: kbuild: remove mention to dropped $(objtree) feature
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do_prlimit() adds the user-controlled resource value to a pointer that
will subsequently be dereferenced. In order to help prevent this
codepath from being used as a spectre "gadget" a barrier needs to be
added after checking the range.
Reported-by: Jordy Zomer <jordyzomer@google.com>
Tested-by: Jordy Zomer <jordyzomer@google.com>
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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If a task oopses with irqs disabled, this can cause various cascading
problems in the oops path such as sleep-from-invalid warnings, and
potentially worse.
Since commit 0258b5fd7c712 ("coredump: Limit coredumps to a single
thread group"), the unconditional irq enable in coredump_task_exit()
will "fix" the irq state to be enabled early in do_exit(), so currently
this may not be triggerable, but that is coincidental and fragile.
Detect and fix the irqs_disabled() condition in the oops path before
calling do_exit(), similarly to the way in_atomic() is handled.
Reported-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20221004094401.708299-1-npiggin@gmail.com/
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net
Pull networking fixes from Jakub Kicinski:
"Including fixes from wireless, bluetooth, bpf and netfilter.
Current release - regressions:
- Revert "net: team: use IFF_NO_ADDRCONF flag to prevent ipv6
addrconf", fix nsna_ping mode of team
- wifi: mt76: fix bugs in Rx queue handling and DMA mapping
- eth: mlx5:
- add missing mutex_unlock in error reporter
- protect global IPsec ASO with a lock
Current release - new code bugs:
- rxrpc: fix wrong error return in rxrpc_connect_call()
Previous releases - regressions:
- bluetooth: hci_sync: fix use of HCI_OP_LE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_V2
- wifi:
- mac80211: fix crashes on Rx due to incorrect initialization of
rx->link and rx->link_sta
- mac80211: fix bugs in iTXQ conversion - Tx stalls, incorrect
aggregation handling, crashes
- brcmfmac: fix regression for Broadcom PCIe wifi devices
- rndis_wlan: prevent buffer overflow in rndis_query_oid
- netfilter: conntrack: handle tcp challenge acks during connection
reuse
- sched: avoid grafting on htb_destroy_class_offload when destroying
- virtio-net: correctly enable callback during start_xmit, fix stalls
- tcp: avoid the lookup process failing to get sk in ehash table
- ipa: disable ipa interrupt during suspend
- eth: stmmac: enable all safety features by default
Previous releases - always broken:
- bpf:
- fix pointer-leak due to insufficient speculative store bypass
mitigation (Spectre v4)
- skip task with pid=1 in send_signal_common() to avoid a splat
- fix BPF program ID information in BPF_AUDIT_UNLOAD as well as
PERF_BPF_EVENT_PROG_UNLOAD events
- fix potential deadlock in htab_lock_bucket from same bucket
index but different map_locked index
- bluetooth:
- fix a buffer overflow in mgmt_mesh_add()
- hci_qca: fix driver shutdown on closed serdev
- ISO: fix possible circular locking dependency
- CIS: hci_event: fix invalid wait context
- wifi: brcmfmac: fixes for survey dump handling
- mptcp: explicitly specify sock family at subflow creation time
- netfilter: nft_payload: incorrect arithmetics when fetching VLAN
header bits
- tcp: fix rate_app_limited to default to 1
- l2tp: close all race conditions in l2tp_tunnel_register()
- eth: mlx5: fixes for QoS config and eswitch configuration
- eth: enetc: avoid deadlock in enetc_tx_onestep_tstamp()
- eth: stmmac: fix invalid call to mdiobus_get_phy()
Misc:
- ethtool: add netlink attr in rss get reply only if the value is not
empty"
* tag 'net-6.2-rc5-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net: (88 commits)
Revert "Merge branch 'octeontx2-af-CPT'"
tcp: fix rate_app_limited to default to 1
bnxt: Do not read past the end of test names
net: stmmac: enable all safety features by default
octeontx2-af: add mbox to return CPT_AF_FLT_INT info
octeontx2-af: update cpt lf alloc mailbox
octeontx2-af: restore rxc conf after teardown sequence
octeontx2-af: optimize cpt pf identification
octeontx2-af: modify FLR sequence for CPT
octeontx2-af: add mbox for CPT LF reset
octeontx2-af: recover CPT engine when it gets fault
net: dsa: microchip: ksz9477: port map correction in ALU table entry register
selftests/net: toeplitz: fix race on tpacket_v3 block close
net/ulp: use consistent error code when blocking ULP
octeontx2-pf: Fix the use of GFP_KERNEL in atomic context on rt
tcp: avoid the lookup process failing to get sk in ehash table
Revert "net: team: use IFF_NO_ADDRCONF flag to prevent ipv6 addrconf"
MAINTAINERS: add networking entries for Willem
net: sched: gred: prevent races when adding offloads to stats
l2tp: prevent lockdep issue in l2tp_tunnel_register()
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/printk/linux
Pull printk fixes from Petr Mladek:
- Prevent a potential deadlock when configuring kgdb console
- Fix a kernel doc warning
* tag 'printk-for-6.2-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/printk/linux:
kernel/printk/printk.c: Fix W=1 kernel-doc warning
tty: serial: kgdboc: fix mutex locking order for configure_kgdboc()
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If the cpio command is not available the error emitted by
gen_kheaders.so is not clear as all output of the call to cpio is
discarded:
GNU make 4.4:
GEN kernel/kheaders_data.tar.xz
find: 'standard output': Broken pipe
find: write error
make[2]: *** [kernel/Makefile:157: kernel/kheaders_data.tar.xz] Error 127
make[1]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:504: kernel] Error 2
GNU make < 4.4:
GEN kernel/kheaders_data.tar.xz
make[2]: *** [kernel/Makefile:157: kernel/kheaders_data.tar.xz] Error 127
make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
make[1]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:504: kernel] Error 2
Add an explicit check that will trigger a clear message about the issue:
CHK kernel/kheaders_data.tar.xz
./kernel/gen_kheaders.sh: line 17: type: cpio: not found
The other commands executed by gen_kheaders.sh are part of a standard
installation, so they are not checked.
Reported-by: Amy Parker <apark0006@student.cerritos.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAPOgqxFva=tOuh1UitCSN38+28q3BNXKq19rEsVNPRzRqKqZ+g@mail.gmail.com/
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <n.schier@avm.de>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
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https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf
Daniel Borkmann says:
====================
bpf 2023-01-16
We've added 6 non-merge commits during the last 8 day(s) which contain
a total of 6 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-).
The main changes are:
1) Mitigate a Spectre v4 leak in unprivileged BPF from speculative
pointer-as-scalar type confusion, from Luis Gerhorst.
2) Fix a splat when pid 1 attaches a BPF program that attempts to
send killing signal to itself, from Hao Sun.
3) Fix BPF program ID information in BPF_AUDIT_UNLOAD as well as
PERF_BPF_EVENT_PROG_UNLOAD events, from Paul Moore.
4) Fix BPF verifier warning triggered from invalid kfunc call in
backtrack_insn, also from Hao Sun.
5) Fix potential deadlock in htab_lock_bucket from same bucket index
but different map_locked index, from Tonghao Zhang.
* tag 'for-netdev' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf:
bpf: Fix pointer-leak due to insufficient speculative store bypass mitigation
bpf: hash map, avoid deadlock with suitable hash mask
bpf: remove the do_idr_lock parameter from bpf_prog_free_id()
bpf: restore the ebpf program ID for BPF_AUDIT_UNLOAD and PERF_BPF_EVENT_PROG_UNLOAD
bpf: Skip task with pid=1 in send_signal_common()
bpf: Skip invalid kfunc call in backtrack_insn
====================
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230116230745.21742-1-daniel@iogearbox.net
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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msi_create_device_irq_domain() creates a firmware node for the new domain,
which is never freed. kmemleak reports:
unreferenced object 0xffff888120ba9a00 (size 96):
comm "systemd-modules", pid 221, jiffies 4294893411 (age 635.732s)
hex dump (first 32 bytes):
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 19 8b 83 ff ff ff ff ................
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 18 9a ba 20 81 88 ff ff ........... ....
backtrace:
[<000000008cdbc98d>] __irq_domain_alloc_fwnode+0x51/0x2b0
[<00000000c57acf9d>] msi_create_device_irq_domain+0x283/0x670
[<000000009b567982>] __pci_enable_msix_range+0x49e/0xdb0
[<0000000077cc1445>] pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity+0x11f/0x1c0
[<00000000532e9ef5>] mlx5_irq_table_create+0x24c/0x940 [mlx5_core]
[<00000000fabd2b80>] mlx5_load+0x1fa/0x680 [mlx5_core]
[<000000006bb22ae4>] mlx5_init_one+0x485/0x670 [mlx5_core]
[<00000000eaa5e1ad>] probe_one+0x4c2/0x720 [mlx5_core]
[<00000000df8efb43>] local_pci_probe+0xd6/0x170
[<0000000085cb9924>] pci_device_probe+0x231/0x6e0
Use the proper free operation for the firmware wnode so the name is freed
during error unwind of msi_create_device_irq_domain() and also free the
node in msi_remove_device_irq_domain() if it was automatically allocated.
To avoid extra NULL pointer checks make irq_domain_free_fwnode() tolerant
of NULL.
Fixes: 27a6dea3ebaa ("genirq/msi: Provide msi_create/free_device_irq_domain()")
Reported-by: Omri Barazi <obarazi@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tested-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Leon Romanovsky <leonro@nvidia.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/0-v2-24af6665e2da+c9-msi_leak_jgg@nvidia.com
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Fix W=1 kernel-doc warning:
kernel/printk/printk.c:
- Include function parameter in console_lock_spinning_disable_and_check()
Signed-off-by: Anuradha Weeraman <anuradha@debian.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230116125635.374567-1-anuradha@debian.org
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Several mutexes are taken while setting up console serial ports. In
particular, the tty_port->mutex and @console_mutex are taken:
serial_pnp_probe
serial8250_register_8250_port
uart_add_one_port (locks tty_port->mutex)
uart_configure_port
register_console (locks @console_mutex)
In order to synchronize kgdb's tty_find_polling_driver() with
register_console(), commit 6193bc90849a ("tty: serial: kgdboc:
synchronize tty_find_polling_driver() and register_console()") takes
the @console_mutex. However, this leads to the following call chain
(with locking):
platform_probe
kgdboc_probe
configure_kgdboc (locks @console_mutex)
tty_find_polling_driver
uart_poll_init (locks tty_port->mutex)
uart_set_options
This is clearly deadlock potential due to the reverse lock ordering.
Since uart_set_options() requires holding @console_mutex in order to
serialize early initialization of the serial-console lock, take the
@console_mutex in uart_poll_init() instead of configure_kgdboc().
Since configure_kgdboc() was using @console_mutex for safe traversal
of the console list, change it to use the SRCU iterator instead.
Add comments to uart_set_options() kerneldoc mentioning that it
requires holding @console_mutex (aka the console_list_lock).
Fixes: 6193bc90849a ("tty: serial: kgdboc: synchronize tty_find_polling_driver() and register_console()")
Signed-off-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
[pmladek@suse.com: Export console_srcu_read_lock_is_held() to fix build kgdboc as a module.]
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112161213.1434854-1-john.ogness@linutronix.de
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non-SMP configs
The kernel commit 9a5418bc48ba ("sched/core: Use kfree_rcu() in
do_set_cpus_allowed()") introduces a bug for kernels built with non-SMP
configs. Calling sched_setaffinity() on such a uniprocessor kernel will
cause cpumask_copy() to be called with a NULL pointer leading to general
protection fault. This is not really a problem in real use cases as
there aren't that many uniprocessor kernel configs in use and calling
sched_setaffinity() on such a uniprocessor system doesn't make sense.
Fix this problem by making sure cpumask_copy() will not be called in
such a case.
Fixes: 9a5418bc48ba ("sched/core: Use kfree_rcu() in do_set_cpus_allowed()")
Reported-by: kernel test robot <yujie.liu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230115193122.563036-1-longman@redhat.com
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In presence of a lot of small weight tasks like sched_idle tasks, normal
or high weight tasks can see their ideal runtime (sched_slice) to increase
to hundreds ms whereas it normally stays below sysctl_sched_latency.
2 normal tasks running on a CPU will have a max sched_slice of 12ms
(half of the sched_period). This means that they will make progress
every sysctl_sched_latency period.
If we now add 1000 idle tasks on the CPU, the sched_period becomes
3006 ms and the ideal runtime of the normal tasks becomes 609 ms.
It will even become 1500ms if the idle tasks belongs to an idle cgroup.
This means that the scheduler will look for picking another waiting task
after 609ms running time (1500ms respectively). The idle tasks change
significantly the way the 2 normal tasks interleave their running time
slot whereas they should have a small impact.
Such long sched_slice can delay significantly the release of resources
as the tasks can wait hundreds of ms before the next running slot just
because of idle tasks queued on the rq.
Cap the ideal_runtime to sysctl_sched_latency to make sure that tasks will
regularly make progress and will not be significantly impacted by
idle/background tasks queued on the rq.
Signed-off-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230113133613.257342-1-vincent.guittot@linaro.org
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mcgrof/linux
Pull module fix from Luis Chamberlain:
"Just one fix for modules by Nick"
* tag 'modules-6.2-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mcgrof/linux:
kallsyms: Fix scheduling with interrupts disabled in self-test
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kallsyms_on_each* may schedule so must not be called with interrupts
disabled. The iteration function could disable interrupts, but this
also changes lookup_symbol() to match the change to the other timing
code.
Reported-by: Erhard F. <erhard_f@mailbox.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/bug-216902-206035@https.bugzilla.kernel.org%2F/
Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202212251728.8d0872ff-oliver.sang@intel.com
Fixes: 30f3bb09778d ("kallsyms: Add self-test facility")
Tested-by: "Erhard F." <erhard_f@mailbox.org>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
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To mitigate Spectre v4, 2039f26f3aca ("bpf: Fix leakage due to
insufficient speculative store bypass mitigation") inserts lfence
instructions after 1) initializing a stack slot and 2) spilling a
pointer to the stack.
However, this does not cover cases where a stack slot is first
initialized with a pointer (subject to sanitization) but then
overwritten with a scalar (not subject to sanitization because
the slot was already initialized). In this case, the second write
may be subject to speculative store bypass (SSB) creating a
speculative pointer-as-scalar type confusion. This allows the
program to subsequently leak the numerical pointer value using,
for example, a branch-based cache side channel.
To fix this, also sanitize scalars if they write a stack slot
that previously contained a pointer. Assuming that pointer-spills
are only generated by LLVM on register-pressure, the performance
impact on most real-world BPF programs should be small.
The following unprivileged BPF bytecode drafts a minimal exploit
and the mitigation:
[...]
// r6 = 0 or 1 (skalar, unknown user input)
// r7 = accessible ptr for side channel
// r10 = frame pointer (fp), to be leaked
//
r9 = r10 # fp alias to encourage ssb
*(u64 *)(r9 - 8) = r10 // fp[-8] = ptr, to be leaked
// lfence added here because of pointer spill to stack.
//
// Ommitted: Dummy bpf_ringbuf_output() here to train alias predictor
// for no r9-r10 dependency.
//
*(u64 *)(r10 - 8) = r6 // fp[-8] = scalar, overwrites ptr
// 2039f26f3aca: no lfence added because stack slot was not STACK_INVALID,
// store may be subject to SSB
//
// fix: also add an lfence when the slot contained a ptr
//
r8 = *(u64 *)(r9 - 8)
// r8 = architecturally a scalar, speculatively a ptr
//
// leak ptr using branch-based cache side channel:
r8 &= 1 // choose bit to leak
if r8 == 0 goto SLOW // no mispredict
// architecturally dead code if input r6 is 0,
// only executes speculatively iff ptr bit is 1
r8 = *(u64 *)(r7 + 0) # encode bit in cache (0: slow, 1: fast)
SLOW:
[...]
After running this, the program can time the access to *(r7 + 0) to
determine whether the chosen pointer bit was 0 or 1. Repeat this 64
times to recover the whole address on amd64.
In summary, sanitization can only be skipped if one scalar is
overwritten with another scalar. Scalar-confusion due to speculative
store bypass can not lead to invalid accesses because the pointer
bounds deducted during verification are enforced using branchless
logic. See 979d63d50c0c ("bpf: prevent out of bounds speculation on
pointer arithmetic") for details.
Do not make the mitigation depend on !env->allow_{uninit_stack,ptr_leaks}
because speculative leaks are likely unexpected if these were enabled.
For example, leaking the address to a protected log file may be acceptable
while disabling the mitigation might unintentionally leak the address
into the cached-state of a map that is accessible to unprivileged
processes.
Fixes: 2039f26f3aca ("bpf: Fix leakage due to insufficient speculative store bypass mitigation")
Signed-off-by: Luis Gerhorst <gerhorst@cs.fau.de>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Henriette Hofmeier <henriette.hofmeier@rub.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/edc95bad-aada-9cfc-ffe2-fa9bb206583c@cs.fau.de
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230109150544.41465-1-gerhorst@cs.fau.de
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Low level noinstr context-tracking code is calling out to instrumented
code on KASAN:
vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: __ct_user_enter+0x72: call to __kasan_check_write() leaves .noinstr.text section
vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: __ct_user_exit+0x47: call to __kasan_check_write() leaves .noinstr.text section
Use even lower level atomic methods to avoid the instrumentation.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112195542.458034262@infradead.org
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Robot reported that trace_hardirqs_{on,off}() tickle the forbidden
_rcuidle() tracepoint through local_irq_{en,dis}able().
For 'sane' configs, these calls will only happen with RCU enabled and
as such can use the regular tracepoint. This also means it's possible
to trace them from NMI context again.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112195541.477416709@infradead.org
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ARCH_WANTS_NO_INSTR (a superset of CONFIG_GENERIC_ENTRY) disallows any
and all tracing when RCU isn't enabled.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Tested-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112195541.416110581@infradead.org
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Per commit 56e62a737028 ("s390: convert to generic entry") the last
and only callers of trace_hardirqs_{on,off}_caller() went away, clean
up.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112195541.355283994@infradead.org
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No callers left that have already disabled RCU.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Tested-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112195540.927904612@infradead.org
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The problem, per commit fc98c3c8c9dc ("printk: use rcuidle console
tracepoint"), was printk usage from the cpuidle path where RCU was
already disabled.
Per the patches earlier in this series, this is no longer the case.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Tested-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112195540.865735001@infradead.org
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Current arch_cpu_idle() is called with IRQs disabled, but will return
with IRQs enabled.
However, the very first thing the generic code does after calling
arch_cpu_idle() is raw_local_irq_disable(). This means that
architectures that can idle with IRQs disabled end up doing a
pointless 'enable-disable' dance.
Therefore, push this IRQ disabling into the idle function, meaning
that those architectures can avoid the pointless IRQ state flipping.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Tested-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Gautham R. Shenoy <gautham.shenoy@amd.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> [arm64]
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112195540.618076436@infradead.org
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All callers should still have RCU enabled.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Tested-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112195540.190860672@infradead.org
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The whole disable-RCU, enable-IRQS dance is very intricate since
changing IRQ state is traced, which depends on RCU.
Add two helpers for the cpuidle case that mirror the entry code:
ct_cpuidle_enter()
ct_cpuidle_exit()
And fix all the cases where the enter/exit dance was buggy.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Tested-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112195540.130014793@infradead.org
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Traversing the Perf Domains requires rcu_read_lock() to be held and is
conditional on sched_energy_enabled(). Ensure right protections applied.
Also skip capacity inversion detection for our own pd; which was an
error.
Fixes: 44c7b80bffc3 ("sched/fair: Detect capacity inversion")
Reported-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Qais Yousef (Google) <qyousef@layalina.io>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112122708.330667-3-qyousef@layalina.io
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Addresses the following warnings:
> config: riscv-randconfig-m031-20221111
> compiler: riscv64-linux-gcc (GCC) 12.1.0
>
> smatch warnings:
> kernel/sched/fair.c:7263 find_energy_efficient_cpu() error: uninitialized symbol 'util_min'.
> kernel/sched/fair.c:7263 find_energy_efficient_cpu() error: uninitialized symbol 'util_max'.
Fixes: 244226035a1f ("sched/uclamp: Fix fits_capacity() check in feec()")
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Qais Yousef (Google) <qyousef@layalina.io>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230112122708.330667-2-qyousef@layalina.io
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The deadlock still may occur while accessed in NMI and non-NMI
context. Because in NMI, we still may access the same bucket but with
different map_locked index.
For example, on the same CPU, .max_entries = 2, we update the hash map,
with key = 4, while running bpf prog in NMI nmi_handle(), to update
hash map with key = 20, so it will have the same bucket index but have
different map_locked index.
To fix this issue, using min mask to hash again.
Fixes: 20b6cc34ea74 ("bpf: Avoid hashtab deadlock with map_locked")
Signed-off-by: Tonghao Zhang <tong@infragraf.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@linux.dev>
Cc: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Cc: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Cc: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Cc: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org>
Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Cc: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Acked-by: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230111092903.92389-1-tong@infragraf.org
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull timer doc fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Fix various DocBook formatting errors in kernel/time/ that generated
(justified) warnings during a kernel-doc build.
* tag 'timers-urgent-2023-01-12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
time: Fix various kernel-doc problems
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Fix scheduler frequency invariance bug related to overly long
tickless periods triggering an integer overflow and disabling the
feature.
- Fix use-after-free bug in dup_user_cpus_ptr().
- Fix do_set_cpus_allowed() deadlock scenarios related to calling
kfree() with the pi_lock held. NOTE: the rcu_free() is the 'lazy'
solution here - we looked at patches to free the structure after the
pi_lock got dropped, but that looked quite a bit messier - and none
of this is truly performance critical. We can revisit this if it's
too lazy of a solution ...
* tag 'sched-urgent-2023-01-12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched/core: Use kfree_rcu() in do_set_cpus_allowed()
sched/core: Fix use-after-free bug in dup_user_cpus_ptr()
sched/core: Fix arch_scale_freq_tick() on tickless systems
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