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2021-09-30kvm: rename KVM_MAX_VCPU_ID to KVM_MAX_VCPU_IDSJuergen Gross
KVM_MAX_VCPU_ID is not specifying the highest allowed vcpu-id, but the number of allowed vcpu-ids. This has already led to confusion, so rename KVM_MAX_VCPU_ID to KVM_MAX_VCPU_IDS to make its semantics more clear Suggested-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20210913135745.13944-3-jgross@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2021-09-30KVM: selftests: Ensure all migrations are performed when test is affinedSean Christopherson
Rework the CPU selection in the migration worker to ensure the specified number of migrations are performed when the test iteslf is affined to a subset of CPUs. The existing logic skips iterations if the target CPU is not in the original set of possible CPUs, which causes the test to fail if too many iterations are skipped. ==== Test Assertion Failure ==== rseq_test.c:228: i > (NR_TASK_MIGRATIONS / 2) pid=10127 tid=10127 errno=4 - Interrupted system call 1 0x00000000004018e5: main at rseq_test.c:227 2 0x00007fcc8fc66bf6: ?? ??:0 3 0x0000000000401959: _start at ??:? Only performed 4 KVM_RUNs, task stalled too much? Calculate the min/max possible CPUs as a cheap "best effort" to avoid high runtimes when the test is affined to a small percentage of CPUs. Alternatively, a list or xarray of the possible CPUs could be used, but even in a horrendously inefficient setup, such optimizations are not needed because the runtime is completely dominated by the cost of migrating the task, and the absolute runtime is well under a minute in even truly absurd setups, e.g. running on a subset of vCPUs in a VM that is heavily overcommited (16 vCPUs per pCPU). Fixes: 61e52f1630f5 ("KVM: selftests: Add a test for KVM_RUN+rseq to detect task migration bugs") Reported-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> Message-Id: <20210929234112.1862848-1-seanjc@google.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2021-09-29libbpf: Fix skel_internal.h to set errno on loader retval < 0Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
When the loader indicates an internal error (result of a checked bpf system call), it returns the result in attr.test.retval. However, tests that rely on ASSERT_OK_PTR on NULL (returned from light skeleton) may miss that NULL denotes an error if errno is set to 0. This would result in skel pointer being NULL, while ASSERT_OK_PTR returning 1, leading to a SEGV on dereference of skel, because libbpf_get_error relies on the assumption that errno is always set in case of error for ptr == NULL. In particular, this was observed for the ksyms_module test. When executed using `./test_progs -t ksyms`, prior tests manipulated errno and the test didn't crash when it failed at ksyms_module load, while using `./test_progs -t ksyms_module` crashed due to errno being untouched. Fixes: 67234743736a (libbpf: Generate loader program out of BPF ELF file.) Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210927145941.1383001-11-memxor@gmail.com
2021-09-29libbpf: Properly ignore STT_SECTION symbols in legacy map definitionsToke Høiland-Jørgensen
The previous patch to ignore STT_SECTION symbols only added the ignore condition in one of them. This fails if there's more than one map definition in the 'maps' section, because the subsequent modulus check will fail, resulting in error messages like: libbpf: elf: unable to determine legacy map definition size in ./xdpdump_xdp.o Fix this by also ignoring STT_SECTION in the first loop. Fixes: c3e8c44a9063 ("libbpf: Ignore STT_SECTION symbols in 'maps' section") Signed-off-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210929213837.832449-1-toke@redhat.com
2021-09-29libbpf: Make gen_loader data aligned.Alexei Starovoitov
Align gen_loader data to 8 byte boundary to make sure union bpf_attr, bpf_insns and other structs are aligned. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210927145941.1383001-9-memxor@gmail.com
2021-09-29bpf: selftests: Fix fd cleanup in get_branch_snapshotKumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
Cleanup code uses while (cpu++ < cpu_cnt) for closing fds, which means it starts iterating from 1 for closing fds. If the first fd is -1, it skips over it and closes garbage fds (typically zero) in the remaining array. This leads to test failures for future tests when they end up storing fd 0 (as the slot becomes free due to close(0)) in ldimm64's BTF fd, ending up trying to match module BTF id with vmlinux. This was observed as spurious CI failure for the ksym_module_libbpf and module_attach tests. The test ends up closing fd 0 and breaking libbpf's assumption that module BTF fd will always be > 0, which leads to the kernel thinking that we are pointing to a BTF ID in vmlinux BTF. Fixes: 025bd7c753aa (selftests/bpf: Add test for bpf_get_branch_snapshot) Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210927145941.1383001-12-memxor@gmail.com
2021-09-29perf tests vmlinux-kallsyms: Ignore hidden symbolsMichael Petlan
Certain kernel symbols are purposely hidden from kallsyms. The function is_ignored_symbol() from scripts/kallsyms.c decides if a symbol should be hidden or not. The perf test "vmlinux symtab matches kallsyms" fails in case perf finds some of the hidden symbols in its machine image and can't match them to kallsyms. Let's add a filter to check if a symbol not found isn't one of these before failing the test. The function is_ignored_symbol() has been copied from scripts/kallsyms.c and needs to be updated along with the original. Signed-off-by: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> LPU-Reference: 20210922152706.23655-1-mpetlan@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf metric: Avoid events for an 'if' constant resultIan Rogers
For a metric like: CONST if expr else CONST if the values of CONST are identical then expr doesn't need evaluating, and events, in order to compute a result. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-14-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf metric: Don't compute unused eventsIan Rogers
For a metric like: EVENT1 if #smt_on else EVENT2 currently EVENT1 and EVENT2 will be measured and then when the metric is reported EVENT1 or EVENT2 will be printed depending on the value from smt_on() during the expr parsing. Computing both events is unnecessary and can lead to multiplexing as discussed in this thread: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20201110100346.2527031-1-irogers@google.com/ If the input is constant to certain operators like: IDS1 if CONST else IDS2 then the result will be either IDS1 or IDS2 depending on CONST (which may be evaluated from an entire expression), and so IDS1 or IDS2 may be discarded avoiding events from being programmed. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-13-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf expr: Propagate constants for binary operationsIan Rogers
When we're computing ID values, if we have constant values then compute the constant result. For example: 1 + 2 Previously .val would be set to BOTTOM by union_expr, meaning that all values are possible. With this change .val is set to 3. Later changes will use the constant values to hopefully eliminate ID values that don't need to be computed. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-12-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf expr: Merge find_ids and regular parsingIan Rogers
Add a new option to parsing that the set of IDs being used should be computed, this means every action needs to handle the compute_ids and regular case. This means actions yield a new ids type is a set of ids or the value being computed. Use the compute_ids case to replace find IDs parsing. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-11-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf metric: Allow metrics with no eventsIan Rogers
A metric may be a constant value, for example, some SMT metrics are constant 0 if #smt_on is 0. If we eliminate all the events then there is no printing. Fix this by forcing metrics like this to have a duration_time tool event, previously the metric would fail when parsing the events with a parse error. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-10-irogers@google.com [ Reflow one __parse_events() call so that a ternary operation gets in a single line ] Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf metric: Add utilities to work on ids map.Ian Rogers
Add utilities to new/free an ids hashmap, as well as to union. Add testing of the union. Unioning hashmaps will be used when parsing the metric, if a value is known then the hashmap is unnecessary, otherwise we need to union together all the event ids to compute their values for reporting. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-9-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf metric: Rename expr__find_other.Ian Rogers
A later change will remove the notion of other, rename the function to expr__find_ids as this is what it populates. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-8-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf expr: Move actions to the left.Ian Rogers
No functional change, just modifying whitespace. This creates additional space for adding logic to actions in later changes. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-7-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf expr: Use macros for operatorsIan Rogers
No functional change, switch the operators to use macros so that additional complexity for constants can be added in a later change. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-6-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf expr: Separate token declataion from typeIan Rogers
No functional change, so the type of expr remains <num>. A later patch will change the computation to be an aggregate type and making this change makes that later change smaller. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-5-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf expr: Remove unused headers and inline d_ratioIan Rogers
No functional change. Inlining d_ratio makes it easier to special case for constants in a later patch. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-4-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf metric: Use NAN for missing event IDs.Ian Rogers
If during computing a metric an event (id) is missing the parsing aborts. A later patch will make it so that events that aren't used in the output are deliberately omitted, in which case we don't want the abort. Modify the missing ID case to report NAN for these cases. Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-3-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29perf metric: Restructure struct expr_parse_ctx.Ian Rogers
A later change to parsing the ids out (in expr__find_other) will potentially drop hashmaps and so it is more convenient to move expr_parse_ctx to have a hashmap pointer rather than a struct value. As this pointer must be freed, rather than just going out of scope, add expr__ctx_new and expr__ctx_free to manage expr_parse_ctx memory. Adjust use of struct expr_parse_ctx accordingly. Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Tested-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sandeep Dasgupta <sdasgup@google.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923074616.674826-2-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Verify that all possible vector lengths are handledMark Brown
As part of the enumeration interface for setting vector lengths it is valid to set vector lengths not supported in the system, these will be rounded to a supported vector length and returned from the prctl(). Add a test which exercises this for every valid vector length and makes sure that the return value is as expected and that this is reflected in the actual system state. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Tomohiro Misono <misono.tomohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210929151925.9601-5-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Fix and enable test for setting current VL in vec-syscfgMark Brown
We had some test code for verifying that we can write the current VL via the prctl() interface but the condition for the test was inverted which wasn't noticed as it was never actually hooked up to the array of tests we execute. Fix this. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210929151925.9601-4-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Remove bogus error check on writing to filesMark Brown
Due to some refactoring with the error handling we ended up mangling things so we never actually set ret and therefore shouldn't be checking it. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210929151925.9601-3-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Fix printf() format mismatch in vec-syscfgMark Brown
The format for this error message calls for the plain text version of the error but we weren't supply it. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210929151925.9601-2-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Move FPSIMD in SVE ptrace test into a functionMark Brown
Now that all the other tests are in functions rather than inline in the main parent process function also move the test for accessing the FPSIMD registers via the SVE regset out into their own function. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210913125505.52619-9-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: More comprehensively test the SVE ptrace interfaceMark Brown
Currently the selftest for the SVE register set is not quite as thorough as is desirable - it only validates that the value of a single Z register is not modified by a partial write to a lower numbered Z register after having previously been set through the FPSIMD regset. Make this more thorough: - Test the ability to set vector lengths and enumerate those supported in the system. - Validate data in all Z and P registers, plus FPSR and FPCR. - Test reads via the FPSIMD regset after set via the SVE regset. There's still some oversights, the main one being that due to the need to generate a pattern in FFR and the fact that this rewrite is primarily motivated by SME's streaming SVE which doesn't have FFR we don't currently test FFR. Update the TODO to reflect those that occurred to me (and fix an adjacent typo in there). Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210913125505.52619-8-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Verify interoperation of SVE and FPSIMD register setsMark Brown
After setting the FPSIMD registers via the SVE register set read them back via the FPSIMD register set, validating that the two register sets are interoperating and that the values we thought we set made it into the child process. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210913125505.52619-7-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Clarify output when verifying SVE register setMark Brown
When verifying setting a Z register via ptrace we check each byte by hand, iterating over the buffer using a pointer called p and treating each register value written as a test. This creates output referring to "p[X]" which is confusing since SVE also has predicate registers Pn. Tweak the output to avoid confusion here. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210913125505.52619-6-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Document what the SVE ptrace test is doingMark Brown
Before we go modifying it further let's add some comments and output clarifications explaining what this test is actually doing. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210913125505.52619-5-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Remove extraneous register setting codeMark Brown
For some reason the SVE ptrace test code starts off by setting values in some of the SVE vector registers in the parent process which it then never interacts with when verifying the ptrace interfaces. This is not especially relevant to what's being tested and somewhat confusing when reading the code so let's remove it. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210913125505.52619-4-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Don't log child creation as a test in SVE ptrace testMark Brown
Currently we log the creation of the child process as a test but it's not really relevant to what we're trying to test and can make the output a little confusing so don't do that. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210913125505.52619-3-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-29selftests: arm64: Use a define for the number of SVE ptrace tests to be runMark Brown
Partly in preparation for future refactoring move from hard coding the number of tests in main() to putting #define at the top of the source instead. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210913125505.52619-2-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-09-28selftests/bpf: Fix probe_user test failure with clang build kernelYonghong Song
clang build kernel failed the selftest probe_user. $ ./test_progs -t probe_user $ ... $ test_probe_user:PASS:get_kprobe_res 0 nsec $ test_probe_user:FAIL:check_kprobe_res wrong kprobe res from probe read: 0.0.0.0:0 $ #94 probe_user:FAIL The test attached to kernel function __sys_connect(). In net/socket.c, we have int __sys_connect(int fd, struct sockaddr __user *uservaddr, int addrlen) { ...... } ... SYSCALL_DEFINE3(connect, int, fd, struct sockaddr __user *, uservaddr, int, addrlen) { return __sys_connect(fd, uservaddr, addrlen); } The gcc compiler (8.5.0) does not inline __sys_connect() in syscall entry function. But latest clang trunk did the inlining. So the bpf program is not triggered. To make the test more reliable, let us kprobe the syscall entry function instead. Note that x86_64, arm64 and s390 have syscall wrappers and they have to be handled specially. Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210929033000.3711921-1-yhs@fb.com
2021-09-28bpftool: Avoid using "?: " in generated codeYucong Sun
"?:" is a GNU C extension, some environment has warning flags for its use, or even prohibit it directly. This patch avoid triggering these problems by simply expand it to its full form, no functionality change. Signed-off-by: Yucong Sun <fallentree@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928184221.1545079-1-fallentree@fb.com
2021-09-28selftests/bpf: Switch sk_lookup selftests to strict SEC("sk_lookup") useAndrii Nakryiko
Update "sk_lookup/" definition to be a stand-alone type specifier, with backwards-compatible prefix match logic in non-libbpf-1.0 mode. Currently in selftests all the "sk_lookup/<whatever>" uses just use <whatever> for duplicated unique name encoding, which is redundant as BPF program's name (C function name) uniquely and descriptively identifies the intended use for such BPF programs. With libbpf's SEC_DEF("sk_lookup") definition updated, switch existing sk_lookup programs to use "unqualified" SEC("sk_lookup") section names, with no random text after it. Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928161946.2512801-11-andrii@kernel.org
2021-09-28libbpf: Add opt-in strict BPF program section name handling logicAndrii Nakryiko
Implement strict ELF section name handling for BPF programs. It utilizes `libbpf_set_strict_mode()` framework and adds new flag: LIBBPF_STRICT_SEC_NAME. If this flag is set, libbpf will enforce exact section name matching for a lot of program types that previously allowed just partial prefix match. E.g., if previously SEC("xdp_whatever_i_want") was allowed, now in strict mode only SEC("xdp") will be accepted, which makes SEC("") definitions cleaner and more structured. SEC() now won't be used as yet another way to uniquely encode BPF program identifier (for that C function name is better and is guaranteed to be unique within bpf_object). Now SEC() is strictly BPF program type and, depending on program type, extra load/attach parameter specification. Libbpf completely supports multiple BPF programs in the same ELF section, so multiple BPF programs of the same type/specification easily co-exist together within the same bpf_object scope. Additionally, a new (for now internal) convention is introduced: section name that can be a stand-alone exact BPF program type specificator, but also could have extra parameters after '/' delimiter. An example of such section is "struct_ops", which can be specified by itself, but also allows to specify the intended operation to be attached to, e.g., "struct_ops/dctcp_init". Note, that "struct_ops_some_op" is not allowed. Such section definition is specified as "struct_ops+". This change is part of libbpf 1.0 effort ([0], [1]). [0] Closes: https://github.com/libbpf/libbpf/issues/271 [1] https://github.com/libbpf/libbpf/wiki/Libbpf:-the-road-to-v1.0#stricter-and-more-uniform-bpf-program-section-name-sec-handling Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928161946.2512801-10-andrii@kernel.org
2021-09-28libbpf: Complete SEC() table unification for BPF_APROG_SEC/BPF_EAPROG_SECAndrii Nakryiko
Complete SEC() table refactoring towards unified form by rewriting BPF_APROG_SEC and BPF_EAPROG_SEC definitions with SEC_DEF(SEC_ATTACHABLE_OPT) (for optional expected_attach_type) and SEC_DEF(SEC_ATTACHABLE) (mandatory expected_attach_type), respectively. Drop BPF_APROG_SEC, BPF_EAPROG_SEC, and BPF_PROG_SEC_IMPL macros after that, leaving SEC_DEF() macro as the only one used. Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928161946.2512801-9-andrii@kernel.org
2021-09-28libbpf: Refactor ELF section handler definitionsAndrii Nakryiko
Refactor ELF section handler definitions table to use a set of flags and unified SEC_DEF() macro. This allows for more succinct and table-like set of definitions, and allows to more easily extend the logic without adding more verbosity (this is utilized in later patches in the series). This approach is also making libbpf-internal program pre-load callback not rely on bpf_sec_def definition, which demonstrates that future pluggable ELF section handlers will be able to achieve similar level of integration without libbpf having to expose extra types and APIs. For starters, update SEC_DEF() definitions and make them more succinct. Also convert BPF_PROG_SEC() and BPF_APROG_COMPAT() definitions to a common SEC_DEF() use. Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928161946.2512801-8-andrii@kernel.org
2021-09-28libbpf: Reduce reliance of attach_fns on sec_def internalsAndrii Nakryiko
Move closer to not relying on bpf_sec_def internals that won't be part of public API, when pluggable SEC() handlers will be allowed. Drop pre-calculated prefix length, and in various helpers don't rely on this prefix length availability. Also minimize reliance on knowing bpf_sec_def's prefix for few places where section prefix shortcuts are supported (e.g., tp vs tracepoint, raw_tp vs raw_tracepoint). Given checking some string for having a given string-constant prefix is such a common operation and so annoying to be done with pure C code, add a small macro helper, str_has_pfx(), and reuse it throughout libbpf.c where prefix comparison is performed. With __builtin_constant_p() it's possible to have a convenient helper that checks some string for having a given prefix, where prefix is either string literal (or compile-time known string due to compiler optimization) or just a runtime string pointer, which is quite convenient and saves a lot of typing and string literal duplication. Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928161946.2512801-7-andrii@kernel.org
2021-09-28libbpf: Refactor internal sec_def handling to enable pluggabilityAndrii Nakryiko
Refactor internals of libbpf to allow adding custom SEC() handling logic easily from outside of libbpf. To that effect, each SEC()-handling registration sets mandatory program type/expected attach type for a given prefix and can provide three callbacks called at different points of BPF program lifetime: - init callback for right after bpf_program is initialized and prog_type/expected_attach_type is set. This happens during bpf_object__open() step, close to the very end of constructing bpf_object, so all the libbpf APIs for querying and updating bpf_program properties should be available; - pre-load callback is called right before BPF_PROG_LOAD command is called in the kernel. This callbacks has ability to set both bpf_program properties, as well as program load attributes, overriding and augmenting the standard libbpf handling of them; - optional auto-attach callback, which makes a given SEC() handler support auto-attachment of a BPF program through bpf_program__attach() API and/or BPF skeletons <skel>__attach() method. Each callbacks gets a `long cookie` parameter passed in, which is specified during SEC() handling. This can be used by callbacks to lookup whatever additional information is necessary. This is not yet completely ready to be exposed to the outside world, mainly due to non-public nature of struct bpf_prog_load_params. Instead of making it part of public API, we'll wait until the planned low-level libbpf API improvements for BPF_PROG_LOAD and other typical bpf() syscall APIs, at which point we'll have a public, probably OPTS-based, way to fully specify BPF program load parameters, which will be used as an interface for custom pre-load callbacks. But this change itself is already a good first step to unify the BPF program hanling logic even within the libbpf itself. As one example, all the extra per-program type handling (sleepable bit, attach_btf_id resolution, unsetting optional expected attach type) is now more obvious and is gathered in one place. Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928161946.2512801-6-andrii@kernel.org
2021-09-28selftests/bpf: Normalize all the rest SEC() usesAndrii Nakryiko
Normalize all the other non-conforming SEC() usages across all selftests. This is in preparation for libbpf to start to enforce stricter SEC() rules in libbpf 1.0 mode. Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928161946.2512801-5-andrii@kernel.org
2021-09-28selftests/bpf: Switch SEC("classifier*") usage to a strict SEC("tc")Andrii Nakryiko
Convert all SEC("classifier*") uses to a new and strict SEC("tc") section name. In reference_tracking selftests switch from ambiguous searching by program title (section name) to non-ambiguous searching by name in some selftests, getting closer to completely removing bpf_object__find_program_by_title(). Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928161946.2512801-4-andrii@kernel.org
2021-09-28selftests/bpf: Normalize XDP section names in selftestsAndrii Nakryiko
Convert almost all SEC("xdp_blah") uses to strict SEC("xdp") to comply with strict libbpf 1.0 logic of exact section name match for XDP program types. There is only one exception, which is only tested through iproute2 and defines multiple XDP programs within the same BPF object. Given iproute2 still works in non-strict libbpf mode and it doesn't have means to specify XDP programs by its name (not section name/title), leave that single file alone for now until iproute2 gains lookup by function/program name. Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928161946.2512801-3-andrii@kernel.org
2021-09-28libbpf: Add "tc" SEC_DEF which is a better name for "classifier"Andrii Nakryiko
As argued in [0], add "tc" ELF section definition for SCHED_CLS BPF program type. "classifier" is a misleading terminology and should be migrated away from. [0] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/270e27b1-e5be-5b1c-b343-51bd644d0747@iogearbox.net/ Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210928161946.2512801-2-andrii@kernel.org
2021-09-28perf vendor events arm64: Revise hip08 uncore eventsJohn Garry
To improve alias matching, remove the PMU name prefix from the EventName. This will mean that the pmu code will merge aliases, such that we no longer get a huge list of per-PMU events - see perf_pmu_merge_alias(). Also make the following associated changes: - Use "ConfigCode" rather than "EventCode", so the pmu code is not so disagreeable about inconsistent event codes - Add undocumented HHA event codes to allow alias merging (for those events) Signed-off-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Shaokun Zhang <zhangshaokun@hisilicon.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linuxarm@huawei.com Cc: liuqi115@huawei.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1631795665-240946-6-git-send-email-john.garry@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-28perf test: Add pmu-event test for event described as "config="John Garry
Add a new test event for a system event whose event member is in form "config=". Signed-off-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Shaokun Zhang <zhangshaokun@hisilicon.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linuxarm@huawei.com Cc: liuqi115@huawei.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1631795665-240946-5-git-send-email-john.garry@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-28perf test: Verify more event members in pmu-events testJohn Garry
Function compare_pmu_events() does not compare all struct pmu-events members, so add tests for missing members "name", "event", "aggr_mod", "event", "metric_constraint", and "metric_group", and re-order the tests to match current struct pmu-events member ordering. Also fix uncore_hisi_l3c_rd_hit_cpipe.event member, now that we're actually testing it. Signed-off-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Shaokun Zhang <zhangshaokun@hisilicon.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linuxarm@huawei.com Cc: liuqi115@huawei.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1631795665-240946-4-git-send-email-john.garry@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-28perf jevents: Support ConfigCodeJohn Garry
Some PMUs use "config=XXX" for eventcodes, like: more /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hisi_sccl1_ddrc3/events/act_cmd config=0x5 However jevents would give an alias with .event field "event=0x5" for this event. This is handled without issue by the parse events code, but the pmu alias code gets a bit confused, as it warns about assigning "event=0x5" over "config=0x5" in perf_pmu_assign_str() when merging aliases: ./perf stat -v -e act_cmd ... alias act_cmd differs in field 'value' ... To make things a bit more straightforward, allow jevents to support "config=XXX" as well, by supporting a "ConfigCode" field. Signed-off-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Shaokun Zhang <zhangshaokun@hisilicon.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linuxarm@huawei.com Cc: liuqi115@huawei.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1631795665-240946-3-git-send-email-john.garry@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-28perf parse-events: Set numeric term configJohn Garry
For numeric terms, the config field may be NULL as it is not set from the l+y parsing. Fix by setting the term config from the term type name. Also fix up the pmu-events test to set the alias strings to set the period term properly, and fix up parse-events test to check the term config string. Signed-off-by: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Shaokun Zhang <zhangshaokun@hisilicon.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linuxarm@huawei.com Cc: liuqi115@huawei.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1631795665-240946-2-git-send-email-john.garry@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2021-09-28libtraceevent: Increase libtraceevent logging when verboseIan Rogers
libtraceevent has added more levels of debug printout and with changes like: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-devel/20210507095022.1079364-3-tz.stoyanov@gmail.com previously generated output like "registering plugin" is no longer displayed. This change makes it so that if perf's verbose debug output is enabled then the debug and info libtraceevent messages can be displayed. The code is conditionally enabled based on the libtraceevent version as discussed in the RFC: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210610060643.595673-1-irogers@google.com/ v2. Is a rebase and handles the case of building without LIBTRACEEVENT_DYNAMIC. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Tzvetomir Stoyanov (VMware) <tz.stoyanov@gmail.com> Cc: linux-trace-devel@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210923001024.550263-4-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>