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-rw-r--r--Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-api.txt238
-rw-r--r--Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-kernel-api.rst350
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11908 files changed, 1580347 insertions, 252462 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/.gitignore b/Documentation/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d6dc7c9b8e25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
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diff --git a/Documentation/.renames.txt b/Documentation/.renames.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c0bd5d3dc8b9
--- /dev/null
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+networking/netdev-FAQ process/maintainer-netdev
+networking/skfp networking/device_drivers/fddi/skfp
+networking/z8530drv networking/device_drivers/hamradio/z8530drv
+nfc/index driver-api/nfc/index
+nfc/nfc-hci driver-api/nfc/nfc-hci
+nfc/nfc-pn544 driver-api/nfc/nfc-pn544
+nios2/features arch/nios2/features
+nios2/index arch/nios2/index
+nios2/nios2 arch/nios2/nios2
+nvdimm/btt driver-api/nvdimm/btt
+nvdimm/index driver-api/nvdimm/index
+nvdimm/nvdimm driver-api/nvdimm/nvdimm
+nvdimm/security driver-api/nvdimm/security
+nvmem/nvmem driver-api/nvmem
+openrisc/features arch/openrisc/features
+openrisc/index arch/openrisc/index
+openrisc/openrisc_port arch/openrisc/openrisc_port
+openrisc/todo arch/openrisc/todo
+parisc/debugging arch/parisc/debugging
+parisc/features arch/parisc/features
+parisc/index arch/parisc/index
+parisc/registers arch/parisc/registers
+perf/arm-ccn admin-guide/perf/arm-ccn
+perf/arm_dsu_pmu admin-guide/perf/arm_dsu_pmu
+perf/hisi-pmu admin-guide/perf/hisi-pmu
+perf/index admin-guide/perf/index
+perf/qcom_l2_pmu admin-guide/perf/qcom_l2_pmu
+perf/qcom_l3_pmu admin-guide/perf/qcom_l3_pmu
+perf/thunderx2-pmu admin-guide/perf/thunderx2-pmu
+perf/xgene-pmu admin-guide/perf/xgene-pmu
+phy/samsung-usb2 driver-api/phy/samsung-usb2
+powerpc/associativity arch/powerpc/associativity
+powerpc/booting arch/powerpc/booting
+powerpc/bootwrapper arch/powerpc/bootwrapper
+powerpc/cpu_families arch/powerpc/cpu_families
+powerpc/cpu_features arch/powerpc/cpu_features
+powerpc/dawr-power9 arch/powerpc/dawr-power9
+powerpc/dexcr arch/powerpc/dexcr
+powerpc/dscr arch/powerpc/dscr
+powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery arch/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery
+powerpc/elf_hwcaps arch/powerpc/elf_hwcaps
+powerpc/elfnote arch/powerpc/elfnote
+powerpc/features arch/powerpc/features
+powerpc/firmware-assisted-dump arch/powerpc/firmware-assisted-dump
+powerpc/hvcs arch/powerpc/hvcs
+powerpc/imc arch/powerpc/imc
+powerpc/index arch/powerpc/index
+powerpc/isa-versions arch/powerpc/isa-versions
+powerpc/kaslr-booke32 arch/powerpc/kaslr-booke32
+powerpc/mpc52xx arch/powerpc/mpc52xx
+powerpc/papr_hcalls arch/powerpc/papr_hcalls
+powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv arch/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv
+powerpc/pmu-ebb arch/powerpc/pmu-ebb
+powerpc/ptrace arch/powerpc/ptrace
+powerpc/qe_firmware arch/powerpc/qe_firmware
+powerpc/syscall64-abi arch/powerpc/syscall64-abi
+powerpc/transactional_memory arch/powerpc/transactional_memory
+powerpc/ultravisor arch/powerpc/ultravisor
+powerpc/vas-api arch/powerpc/vas-api
+powerpc/vcpudispatch_stats arch/powerpc/vcpudispatch_stats
+powerpc/vmemmap_dedup arch/powerpc/vmemmap_dedup
+process/clang-format dev-tools/clang-format
+process/magic-number staging/magic-number
+process/unaligned-memory-access core-api/unaligned-memory-access
+rapidio/index driver-api/rapidio/index
+rapidio/mport_cdev driver-api/rapidio/mport_cdev
+rapidio/rapidio driver-api/rapidio/rapidio
+rapidio/rio_cm driver-api/rapidio/rio_cm
+rapidio/sysfs driver-api/rapidio/sysfs
+rapidio/tsi721 driver-api/rapidio/tsi721
+riscv/acpi arch/riscv/acpi
+riscv/boot arch/riscv/boot
+riscv/boot-image-header arch/riscv/boot-image-header
+riscv/features arch/riscv/features
+riscv/hwprobe arch/riscv/hwprobe
+riscv/index arch/riscv/index
+riscv/patch-acceptance arch/riscv/patch-acceptance
+riscv/uabi arch/riscv/uabi
+riscv/vector arch/riscv/vector
+riscv/vm-layout arch/riscv/vm-layout
+s390/3270 arch/s390/3270
+s390/cds arch/s390/cds
+s390/common_io arch/s390/common_io
+s390/driver-model arch/s390/driver-model
+s390/features arch/s390/features
+s390/index arch/s390/index
+s390/monreader arch/s390/monreader
+s390/pci arch/s390/pci
+s390/qeth arch/s390/qeth
+s390/s390dbf arch/s390/s390dbf
+s390/text_files arch/s390/text_files
+s390/vfio-ap arch/s390/vfio-ap
+s390/vfio-ap-locking arch/s390/vfio-ap-locking
+s390/vfio-ccw arch/s390/vfio-ccw
+s390/zfcpdump arch/s390/zfcpdump
+security/LSM security/lsm-development
+security/LSM-sctp security/SCTP
+serial/driver driver-api/serial/driver
+serial/index driver-api/serial/index
+serial/moxa-smartio driver-api/tty/moxa-smartio
+serial/n_gsm driver-api/tty/n_gsm
+serial/serial-iso7816 driver-api/serial/serial-iso7816
+serial/serial-rs485 driver-api/serial/serial-rs485
+serial/tty driver-api/tty/tty_ldisc
+sh/booting arch/sh/booting
+sh/features arch/sh/features
+sh/index arch/sh/index
+sh/new-machine arch/sh/new-machine
+sh/register-banks arch/sh/register-banks
+sparc/adi arch/sparc/adi
+sparc/console arch/sparc/console
+sparc/features arch/sparc/features
+sparc/index arch/sparc/index
+sparc/oradax/oracle-dax arch/sparc/oradax/oracle-dax
+staging/kprobes trace/kprobes
+sysctl/abi admin-guide/sysctl/abi
+sysctl/fs admin-guide/sysctl/fs
+sysctl/index admin-guide/sysctl/index
+sysctl/kernel admin-guide/sysctl/kernel
+sysctl/net admin-guide/sysctl/net
+sysctl/sunrpc admin-guide/sysctl/sunrpc
+sysctl/user admin-guide/sysctl/user
+sysctl/vm admin-guide/sysctl/vm
+thermal/cpu-cooling-api driver-api/thermal/cpu-cooling-api
+thermal/exynos_thermal driver-api/thermal/exynos_thermal
+thermal/exynos_thermal_emulation driver-api/thermal/exynos_thermal_emulation
+thermal/index driver-api/thermal/index
+thermal/intel_powerclamp admin-guide/thermal/intel_powerclamp
+thermal/nouveau_thermal driver-api/thermal/nouveau_thermal
+thermal/power_allocator driver-api/thermal/power_allocator
+thermal/sysfs-api driver-api/thermal/sysfs-api
+thermal/x86_pkg_temperature_thermal driver-api/thermal/x86_pkg_temperature_thermal
+tpm/index security/tpm/index
+tpm/tpm_vtpm_proxy security/tpm/tpm_vtpm_proxy
+trace/coresight trace/coresight/coresight
+trace/coresight-cpu-debug trace/coresight/coresight-cpu-debug
+trace/rv/da_monitor_synthesis trace/rv/monitor_synthesis
+translations/it_IT/admin-guide/security-bugs translations/it_IT/process/security-bugs
+translations/it_IT/process/clang-format translations/it_IT/dev-tools/clang-format
+translations/it_IT/process/magic-number translations/it_IT/staging/magic-number
+translations/it_IT/riscv/patch-acceptance translations/it_IT/arch/riscv/patch-acceptance
+translations/ja_JP/howto translations/ja_JP/process/howto
+translations/ko_KR/howto translations/ko_KR/process/howto
+translations/sp_SP/howto translations/sp_SP/process/howto
+translations/sp_SP/submitting-patches translations/sp_SP/process/submitting-patches
+translations/zh_CN/admin-guide/security-bugs translations/zh_CN/process/security-bugs
+translations/zh_CN/arch translations/zh_CN/arch/index
+translations/zh_CN/arm64/amu translations/zh_CN/arch/arm64/amu
+translations/zh_CN/arm64/elf_hwcaps translations/zh_CN/arch/arm64/elf_hwcaps
+translations/zh_CN/arm64/hugetlbpage translations/zh_CN/arch/arm64/hugetlbpage
+translations/zh_CN/arm64/index translations/zh_CN/arch/arm64/index
+translations/zh_CN/arm64/perf translations/zh_CN/arch/arm64/perf
+translations/zh_CN/coding-style translations/zh_CN/process/coding-style
+translations/zh_CN/loongarch/booting translations/zh_CN/arch/loongarch/booting
+translations/zh_CN/loongarch/features translations/zh_CN/arch/loongarch/features
+translations/zh_CN/loongarch/index translations/zh_CN/arch/loongarch/index
+translations/zh_CN/loongarch/introduction translations/zh_CN/arch/loongarch/introduction
+translations/zh_CN/loongarch/irq-chip-model translations/zh_CN/arch/loongarch/irq-chip-model
+translations/zh_CN/mips/booting translations/zh_CN/arch/mips/booting
+translations/zh_CN/mips/features translations/zh_CN/arch/mips/features
+translations/zh_CN/mips/index translations/zh_CN/arch/mips/index
+translations/zh_CN/mips/ingenic-tcu translations/zh_CN/arch/mips/ingenic-tcu
+translations/zh_CN/openrisc/index translations/zh_CN/arch/openrisc/index
+translations/zh_CN/openrisc/openrisc_port translations/zh_CN/arch/openrisc/openrisc_port
+translations/zh_CN/openrisc/todo translations/zh_CN/arch/openrisc/todo
+translations/zh_CN/parisc/debugging translations/zh_CN/arch/parisc/debugging
+translations/zh_CN/parisc/index translations/zh_CN/arch/parisc/index
+translations/zh_CN/parisc/registers translations/zh_CN/arch/parisc/registers
+translations/zh_CN/riscv/boot-image-header translations/zh_CN/arch/riscv/boot-image-header
+translations/zh_CN/riscv/index translations/zh_CN/arch/riscv/index
+translations/zh_CN/riscv/patch-acceptance translations/zh_CN/arch/riscv/patch-acceptance
+translations/zh_CN/riscv/vm-layout translations/zh_CN/arch/riscv/vm-layout
+translations/zh_CN/vm/active_mm translations/zh_CN/mm/active_mm
+translations/zh_CN/vm/balance translations/zh_CN/mm/balance
+translations/zh_CN/vm/damon/api translations/zh_CN/mm/damon/api
+translations/zh_CN/vm/damon/design translations/zh_CN/mm/damon/design
+translations/zh_CN/vm/damon/faq translations/zh_CN/mm/damon/faq
+translations/zh_CN/vm/damon/index translations/zh_CN/mm/damon/index
+translations/zh_CN/vm/free_page_reporting translations/zh_CN/mm/free_page_reporting
+translations/zh_CN/vm/highmem translations/zh_CN/mm/highmem
+translations/zh_CN/vm/hmm translations/zh_CN/mm/hmm
+translations/zh_CN/vm/hugetlbfs_reserv translations/zh_CN/mm/hugetlbfs_reserv
+translations/zh_CN/vm/hwpoison translations/zh_CN/mm/hwpoison
+translations/zh_CN/vm/index translations/zh_CN/mm/index
+translations/zh_CN/vm/ksm translations/zh_CN/mm/ksm
+translations/zh_CN/vm/memory-model translations/zh_CN/mm/memory-model
+translations/zh_CN/vm/mmu_notifier translations/zh_CN/mm/mmu_notifier
+translations/zh_CN/vm/numa translations/zh_CN/mm/numa
+translations/zh_CN/vm/overcommit-accounting translations/zh_CN/mm/overcommit-accounting
+translations/zh_CN/vm/page_frags translations/zh_CN/mm/page_frags
+translations/zh_CN/vm/page_owner translations/zh_CN/mm/page_owner
+translations/zh_CN/vm/page_table_check translations/zh_CN/mm/page_table_check
+translations/zh_CN/vm/remap_file_pages translations/zh_CN/mm/remap_file_pages
+translations/zh_CN/vm/split_page_table_lock translations/zh_CN/mm/split_page_table_lock
+translations/zh_CN/vm/zsmalloc translations/zh_CN/mm/zsmalloc
+translations/zh_TW/arm64/amu translations/zh_TW/arch/arm64/amu
+translations/zh_TW/arm64/elf_hwcaps translations/zh_TW/arch/arm64/elf_hwcaps
+translations/zh_TW/arm64/hugetlbpage translations/zh_TW/arch/arm64/hugetlbpage
+translations/zh_TW/arm64/index translations/zh_TW/arch/arm64/index
+translations/zh_TW/arm64/perf translations/zh_TW/arch/arm64/perf
+tty/device_drivers/oxsemi-tornado misc-devices/oxsemi-tornado
+tty/index driver-api/tty/index
+tty/n_tty driver-api/tty/n_tty
+tty/tty_buffer driver-api/tty/tty_buffer
+tty/tty_driver driver-api/tty/tty_driver
+tty/tty_internals driver-api/tty/tty_internals
+tty/tty_ldisc driver-api/tty/tty_ldisc
+tty/tty_port driver-api/tty/tty_port
+tty/tty_struct driver-api/tty/tty_struct
+usb/typec driver-api/usb/typec
+usb/usb3-debug-port driver-api/usb/usb3-debug-port
+userspace-api/media/drivers/st-vgxy61 userspace-api/media/drivers/vgxy61
+userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-meta-d4xx userspace-api/media/v4l/metafmt-d4xx
+userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-meta-intel-ipu3 userspace-api/media/v4l/metafmt-intel-ipu3
+userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-meta-rkisp1 userspace-api/media/v4l/metafmt-rkisp1
+userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-meta-uvc userspace-api/media/v4l/metafmt-uvc
+userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-meta-vivid userspace-api/media/v4l/metafmt-vivid
+userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-meta-vsp1-hgo userspace-api/media/v4l/metafmt-vsp1-hgo
+userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-meta-vsp1-hgt userspace-api/media/v4l/metafmt-vsp1-hgt
+virt/coco/sevguest virt/coco/sev-guest
+virt/kvm/amd-memory-encryption virt/kvm/x86/amd-memory-encryption
+virt/kvm/arm/psci virt/kvm/arm/fw-pseudo-registers
+virt/kvm/cpuid virt/kvm/x86/cpuid
+virt/kvm/hypercalls virt/kvm/x86/hypercalls
+virt/kvm/mmu virt/kvm/x86/mmu
+virt/kvm/msr virt/kvm/x86/msr
+virt/kvm/nested-vmx virt/kvm/x86/nested-vmx
+virt/kvm/running-nested-guests virt/kvm/x86/running-nested-guests
+virt/kvm/s390-diag virt/kvm/s390/s390-diag
+virt/kvm/s390-pv virt/kvm/s390/s390-pv
+virt/kvm/s390-pv-boot virt/kvm/s390/s390-pv-boot
+virt/kvm/timekeeping virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping
+virt/kvm/x86/halt-polling virt/kvm/halt-polling
+virtual/index virt/index
+virtual/kvm/amd-memory-encryption virt/kvm/x86/amd-memory-encryption
+virtual/kvm/cpuid virt/kvm/x86/cpuid
+virtual/kvm/index virt/kvm/index
+virtual/kvm/vcpu-requests virt/kvm/vcpu-requests
+virtual/paravirt_ops virt/paravirt_ops
+vm/active_mm mm/active_mm
+vm/arch_pgtable_helpers mm/arch_pgtable_helpers
+vm/balance mm/balance
+vm/bootmem mm/bootmem
+vm/damon/api mm/damon/api
+vm/damon/design mm/damon/design
+vm/damon/faq mm/damon/faq
+vm/damon/index mm/damon/index
+vm/free_page_reporting mm/free_page_reporting
+vm/highmem mm/highmem
+vm/hmm mm/hmm
+vm/hugetlbfs_reserv mm/hugetlbfs_reserv
+vm/hugetlbpage admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage
+vm/hwpoison mm/hwpoison
+vm/idle_page_tracking admin-guide/mm/idle_page_tracking
+vm/index mm/index
+vm/ksm mm/ksm
+vm/memory-model mm/memory-model
+vm/mmu_notifier mm/mmu_notifier
+vm/numa mm/numa
+vm/numa_memory_policy admin-guide/mm/numa_memory_policy
+vm/oom mm/oom
+vm/overcommit-accounting mm/overcommit-accounting
+vm/page_allocation mm/page_allocation
+vm/page_cache mm/page_cache
+vm/page_frags mm/page_frags
+vm/page_migration mm/page_migration
+vm/page_owner mm/page_owner
+vm/page_reclaim mm/page_reclaim
+vm/page_table_check mm/page_table_check
+vm/page_tables mm/page_tables
+vm/pagemap admin-guide/mm/pagemap
+vm/physical_memory mm/physical_memory
+vm/process_addrs mm/process_addrs
+vm/remap_file_pages mm/remap_file_pages
+vm/shmfs mm/shmfs
+vm/slab mm/slab
+vm/slub admin-guide/mm/slab
+vm/soft-dirty admin-guide/mm/soft-dirty
+vm/split_page_table_lock mm/split_page_table_lock
+vm/swap mm/swap
+vm/swap_numa admin-guide/mm/swap_numa
+vm/transhuge mm/transhuge
+vm/unevictable-lru mm/unevictable-lru
+vm/userfaultfd admin-guide/mm/userfaultfd
+vm/vmalloc mm/vmalloc
+vm/vmalloced-kernel-stacks mm/vmalloced-kernel-stacks
+vm/vmemmap_dedup mm/vmemmap_dedup
+vm/zsmalloc mm/zsmalloc
+vm/zswap admin-guide/mm/zswap
+watch_queue core-api/watch_queue
+x86/amd-memory-encryption arch/x86/amd-memory-encryption
+x86/amd_hsmp arch/x86/amd_hsmp
+x86/boot arch/x86/boot
+x86/booting-dt arch/x86/booting-dt
+x86/buslock arch/x86/buslock
+x86/cpuinfo arch/x86/cpuinfo
+x86/earlyprintk arch/x86/earlyprintk
+x86/elf_auxvec arch/x86/elf_auxvec
+x86/entry_64 arch/x86/entry_64
+x86/exception-tables arch/x86/exception-tables
+x86/features arch/x86/features
+x86/i386/IO-APIC arch/x86/i386/IO-APIC
+x86/i386/index arch/x86/i386/index
+x86/ifs arch/x86/ifs
+x86/index arch/x86/index
+x86/intel-hfi arch/x86/intel-hfi
+x86/intel_txt arch/x86/intel_txt
+x86/iommu arch/x86/iommu
+x86/kernel-stacks arch/x86/kernel-stacks
+x86/mds arch/x86/mds
+x86/microcode arch/x86/microcode
+x86/mtrr arch/x86/mtrr
+x86/orc-unwinder arch/x86/orc-unwinder
+x86/pat arch/x86/pat
+x86/protection-keys core-api/protection-keys
+x86/pti arch/x86/pti
+x86/resctrl filesystems/resctrl
+x86/resctrl_ui filesystems/resctrl
+x86/sgx arch/x86/sgx
+x86/sva arch/x86/sva
+x86/tdx arch/x86/tdx
+x86/tlb arch/x86/tlb
+x86/topology arch/x86/topology
+x86/tsx_async_abort arch/x86/tsx_async_abort
+x86/usb-legacy-support arch/x86/usb-legacy-support
+x86/x86_64/5level-paging arch/x86/x86_64/5level-paging
+x86/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec arch/x86/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec
+x86/x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets arch/x86/x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets
+x86/x86_64/fsgs arch/x86/x86_64/fsgs
+x86/x86_64/index arch/x86/x86_64/index
+x86/x86_64/machinecheck arch/x86/x86_64/machinecheck
+x86/x86_64/mm arch/x86/x86_64/mm
+x86/x86_64/uefi arch/x86/x86_64/uefi
+x86/xstate arch/x86/xstate
+x86/zero-page arch/x86/zero-page
+xilinx/eemi driver-api/xilinx/eemi
+xilinx/index driver-api/xilinx/index
+xtensa/atomctl arch/xtensa/atomctl
+xtensa/booting arch/xtensa/booting
+xtensa/features arch/xtensa/features
+xtensa/index arch/xtensa/index
+xtensa/mmu arch/xtensa/mmu
diff --git a/Documentation/00-INDEX b/Documentation/00-INDEX
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b5aba404aac..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/00-INDEX
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,389 +0,0 @@
-
-This is a brief list of all the files in ./linux/Documentation and what
-they contain. If you add a documentation file, please list it here in
-alphabetical order as well, or risk being hunted down like a rabid dog.
-Please try and keep the descriptions small enough to fit on one line.
- Thanks -- Paul G.
-
-Following translations are available on the WWW:
-
- - Japanese, maintained by the JF Project (JF@linux.or.jp), at
- http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/
-
-00-INDEX
- - this file.
-ABI/
- - info on kernel <-> userspace ABI and relative interface stability.
-
-BUG-HUNTING
- - brute force method of doing binary search of patches to find bug.
-Changes
- - list of changes that break older software packages.
-CodingStyle
- - how the boss likes the C code in the kernel to look.
-DMA-API.txt
- - DMA API, pci_ API & extensions for non-consistent memory machines.
-DMA-ISA-LPC.txt
- - How to do DMA with ISA (and LPC) devices.
-DocBook/
- - directory with DocBook templates etc. for kernel documentation.
-HOWTO
- - the process and procedures of how to do Linux kernel development.
-IO-mapping.txt
- - how to access I/O mapped memory from within device drivers.
-IPMI.txt
- - info on Linux Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) Driver.
-IRQ-affinity.txt
- - how to select which CPU(s) handle which interrupt events on SMP.
-IRQ.txt
- - description of what an IRQ is.
-ManagementStyle
- - how to (attempt to) manage kernel hackers.
-MSI-HOWTO.txt
- - the Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) Driver Guide HOWTO and FAQ.
-RCU/
- - directory with info on RCU (read-copy update).
-README.DAC960
- - info on Mylex DAC960/DAC1100 PCI RAID Controller Driver for Linux.
-README.cycladesZ
- - info on Cyclades-Z firmware loading.
-SAK.txt
- - info on Secure Attention Keys.
-SM501.txt
- - Silicon Motion SM501 multimedia companion chip
-SecurityBugs
- - procedure for reporting security bugs found in the kernel.
-SubmitChecklist
- - Linux kernel patch submission checklist.
-SubmittingDrivers
- - procedure to get a new driver source included into the kernel tree.
-SubmittingPatches
- - procedure to get a source patch included into the kernel tree.
-VGA-softcursor.txt
- - how to change your VGA cursor from a blinking underscore.
-accounting/
- - documentation on accounting and taskstats.
-acpi/
- - info on ACPI-specific hooks in the kernel.
-aoe/
- - description of AoE (ATA over Ethernet) along with config examples.
-applying-patches.txt
- - description of various trees and how to apply their patches.
-arm/
- - directory with info about Linux on the ARM architecture.
-atomic_ops.txt
- - semantics and behavior of atomic and bitmask operations.
-auxdisplay/
- - misc. LCD driver documentation (cfag12864b, ks0108).
-basic_profiling.txt
- - basic instructions for those who wants to profile Linux kernel.
-binfmt_misc.txt
- - info on the kernel support for extra binary formats.
-blackfin/
- - directory with documentation for the Blackfin arch.
-block/
- - info on the Block I/O (BIO) layer.
-cachetlb.txt
- - describes the cache/TLB flushing interfaces Linux uses.
-cciss.txt
- - info, major/minor #'s for Compaq's SMART Array Controllers.
-cdrom/
- - directory with information on the CD-ROM drivers that Linux has.
-computone.txt
- - info on Computone Intelliport II/Plus Multiport Serial Driver.
-connector/
- - docs on the netlink based userspace<->kernel space communication mod.
-console/
- - documentation on Linux console drivers.
-cpqarray.txt
- - info on using Compaq's SMART2 Intelligent Disk Array Controllers.
-cpu-freq/
- - info on CPU frequency and voltage scaling.
-cpu-hotplug.txt
- - document describing CPU hotplug support in the Linux kernel.
-cpu-load.txt
- - document describing how CPU load statistics are collected.
-cpuidle/
- - info on CPU_IDLE, CPU idle state management subsystem.
-cpusets.txt
- - documents the cpusets feature; assign CPUs and Mem to a set of tasks.
-cputopology.txt
- - documentation on how CPU topology info is exported via sysfs.
-cris/
- - directory with info about Linux on CRIS architecture.
-crypto/
- - directory with info on the Crypto API.
-dcdbas.txt
- - information on the Dell Systems Management Base Driver.
-debugging-modules.txt
- - some notes on debugging modules after Linux 2.6.3.
-dell_rbu.txt
- - document demonstrating the use of the Dell Remote BIOS Update driver.
-device-mapper/
- - directory with info on Device Mapper.
-devices.txt
- - plain ASCII listing of all the nodes in /dev/ with major minor #'s.
-digiepca.txt
- - info on Digi Intl. {PC,PCI,EISA}Xx and Xem series cards.
-dontdiff
- - file containing a list of files that should never be diff'ed.
-driver-model/
- - directory with info about Linux driver model.
-dvb/
- - info on Linux Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) subsystem.
-early-userspace/
- - info about initramfs, klibc, and userspace early during boot.
-edac.txt
- - information on EDAC - Error Detection And Correction
-eisa.txt
- - info on EISA bus support.
-exception.txt
- - how Linux v2.2 handles exceptions without verify_area etc.
-fault-injection/
- - dir with docs about the fault injection capabilities infrastructure.
-fb/
- - directory with info on the frame buffer graphics abstraction layer.
-feature-removal-schedule.txt
- - list of files and features that are going to be removed.
-filesystems/
- - info on the vfs and the various filesystems that Linux supports.
-firmware_class/
- - request_firmware() hotplug interface info.
-floppy.txt
- - notes and driver options for the floppy disk driver.
-frv/
- - Fujitsu FR-V Linux documentation.
-gpio.txt
- - overview of GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) access conventions.
-hayes-esp.txt
- - info on using the Hayes ESP serial driver.
-highuid.txt
- - notes on the change from 16 bit to 32 bit user/group IDs.
-hpet.txt
- - High Precision Event Timer Driver for Linux.
-timers/
- - info on the timer related topics
-hw_random.txt
- - info on Linux support for random number generator in i8xx chipsets.
-hwmon/
- - directory with docs on various hardware monitoring drivers.
-i2c/
- - directory with info about the I2C bus/protocol (2 wire, kHz speed).
-i2o/
- - directory with info about the Linux I2O subsystem.
-i386/
- - directory with info about Linux on Intel 32 bit architecture.
-ia64/
- - directory with info about Linux on Intel 64 bit architecture.
-infiniband/
- - directory with documents concerning Linux InfiniBand support.
-initrd.txt
- - how to use the RAM disk as an initial/temporary root filesystem.
-input/
- - info on Linux input device support.
-io_ordering.txt
- - info on ordering I/O writes to memory-mapped addresses.
-ioctl/
- - directory with documents describing various IOCTL calls.
-ioctl-number.txt
- - how to implement and register device/driver ioctl calls.
-iostats.txt
- - info on I/O statistics Linux kernel provides.
-irqflags-tracing.txt
- - how to use the irq-flags tracing feature.
-isapnp.txt
- - info on Linux ISA Plug & Play support.
-isdn/
- - directory with info on the Linux ISDN support, and supported cards.
-java.txt
- - info on the in-kernel binary support for Java(tm).
-kbuild/
- - directory with info about the kernel build process.
-kdump/
- - directory with mini HowTo on getting the crash dump code to work.
-kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt
- - mini HowTo on generation and location of kernel documentation files.
-kernel-docs.txt
- - listing of various WWW + books that document kernel internals.
-kernel-parameters.txt
- - summary listing of command line / boot prompt args for the kernel.
-keys-request-key.txt
- - description of the kernel key request service.
-keys.txt
- - description of the kernel key retention service.
-kobject.txt
- - info of the kobject infrastructure of the Linux kernel.
-kprobes.txt
- - documents the kernel probes debugging feature.
-kref.txt
- - docs on adding reference counters (krefs) to kernel objects.
-laptops/
- - directory with laptop related info and laptop driver documentation.
-ldm.txt
- - a brief description of LDM (Windows Dynamic Disks).
-leds-class.txt
- - documents LED handling under Linux.
-local_ops.txt
- - semantics and behavior of local atomic operations.
-lockdep-design.txt
- - documentation on the runtime locking correctness validator.
-logo.gif
- - full colour GIF image of Linux logo (penguin - Tux).
-logo.txt
- - info on creator of above logo & site to get additional images from.
-m68k/
- - directory with info about Linux on Motorola 68k architecture.
-magic-number.txt
- - list of magic numbers used to mark/protect kernel data structures.
-mca.txt
- - info on supporting Micro Channel Architecture (e.g. PS/2) systems.
-md.txt
- - info on boot arguments for the multiple devices driver.
-memory-barriers.txt
- - info on Linux kernel memory barriers.
-memory-hotplug.txt
- - Hotpluggable memory support, how to use and current status.
-memory.txt
- - info on typical Linux memory problems.
-mips/
- - directory with info about Linux on MIPS architecture.
-mono.txt
- - how to execute Mono-based .NET binaries with the help of BINFMT_MISC.
-moxa-smartio
- - file with info on installing/using Moxa multiport serial driver.
-mtrr.txt
- - how to use PPro Memory Type Range Registers to increase performance.
-mutex-design.txt
- - info on the generic mutex subsystem.
-namespaces/
- - directory with various information about namespaces
-nbd.txt
- - info on a TCP implementation of a network block device.
-netlabel/
- - directory with information on the NetLabel subsystem.
-networking/
- - directory with info on various aspects of networking with Linux.
-nmi_watchdog.txt
- - info on NMI watchdog for SMP systems.
-nommu-mmap.txt
- - documentation about no-mmu memory mapping support.
-numastat.txt
- - info on how to read Numa policy hit/miss statistics in sysfs.
-oops-tracing.txt
- - how to decode those nasty internal kernel error dump messages.
-paride.txt
- - information about the parallel port IDE subsystem.
-parisc/
- - directory with info on using Linux on PA-RISC architecture.
-parport.txt
- - how to use the parallel-port driver.
-parport-lowlevel.txt
- - description and usage of the low level parallel port functions.
-pcmcia/
- - info on the Linux PCMCIA driver.
-pi-futex.txt
- - documentation on lightweight PI-futexes.
-pnp.txt
- - Linux Plug and Play documentation.
-power/
- - directory with info on Linux PCI power management.
-powerpc/
- - directory with info on using Linux with the PowerPC.
-preempt-locking.txt
- - info on locking under a preemptive kernel.
-prio_tree.txt
- - info on radix-priority-search-tree use for indexing vmas.
-ramdisk.txt
- - short guide on how to set up and use the RAM disk.
-rbtree.txt
- - info on what red-black trees are and what they are for.
-riscom8.txt
- - notes on using the RISCom/8 multi-port serial driver.
-robust-futex-ABI.txt
- - documentation of the robust futex ABI.
-robust-futexes.txt
- - a description of what robust futexes are.
-rocket.txt
- - info on the Comtrol RocketPort multiport serial driver.
-rt-mutex-design.txt
- - description of the RealTime mutex implementation design.
-rt-mutex.txt
- - desc. of RT-mutex subsystem with PI (Priority Inheritance) support.
-rtc.txt
- - notes on how to use the Real Time Clock (aka CMOS clock) driver.
-s390/
- - directory with info on using Linux on the IBM S390.
-scheduler/
- - directory with info on the scheduler.
-scsi/
- - directory with info on Linux scsi support.
-serial/
- - directory with info on the low level serial API.
-serial-console.txt
- - how to set up Linux with a serial line console as the default.
-sgi-ioc4.txt
- - description of the SGI IOC4 PCI (multi function) device.
-sgi-visws.txt
- - short blurb on the SGI Visual Workstations.
-sh/
- - directory with info on porting Linux to a new architecture.
-sound/
- - directory with info on sound card support.
-sparc/
- - directory with info on using Linux on Sparc architecture.
-sparse.txt
- - info on how to obtain and use the sparse tool for typechecking.
-specialix.txt
- - info on hardware/driver for specialix IO8+ multiport serial card.
-spi/
- - overview of Linux kernel Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) support.
-spinlocks.txt
- - info on using spinlocks to provide exclusive access in kernel.
-stable_api_nonsense.txt
- - info on why the kernel does not have a stable in-kernel api or abi.
-stable_kernel_rules.txt
- - rules and procedures for the -stable kernel releases.
-stallion.txt
- - info on using the Stallion multiport serial driver.
-svga.txt
- - short guide on selecting video modes at boot via VGA BIOS.
-sysfs-rules.txt
- - How not to use sysfs.
-sx.txt
- - info on the Specialix SX/SI multiport serial driver.
-sysctl/
- - directory with info on the /proc/sys/* files.
-sysrq.txt
- - info on the magic SysRq key.
-telephony/
- - directory with info on telephony (e.g. voice over IP) support.
-time_interpolators.txt
- - info on time interpolators.
-tty.txt
- - guide to the locking policies of the tty layer.
-uml/
- - directory with information about User Mode Linux.
-unicode.txt
- - info on the Unicode character/font mapping used in Linux.
-unshare.txt
- - description of the Linux unshare system call.
-usb/
- - directory with info regarding the Universal Serial Bus.
-video-output.txt
- - sysfs class driver interface to enable/disable a video output device.
-video4linux/
- - directory with info regarding video/TV/radio cards and linux.
-vm/
- - directory with info on the Linux vm code.
-volatile-considered-harmful.txt
- - Why the "volatile" type class should not be used
-voyager.txt
- - guide to running Linux on the Voyager architecture.
-w1/
- - directory with documents regarding the 1-wire (w1) subsystem.
-watchdog/
- - how to auto-reboot Linux if it has "fallen and can't get up". ;-)
-x86_64/
- - directory with info on Linux support for AMD x86-64 (Hammer) machines.
-zorro.txt
- - info on writing drivers for Zorro bus devices found on Amigas.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/README b/Documentation/ABI/README
index 9feaf16f1617..315fffe1f831 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/README
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/README
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-This directory attempts to document the ABI between the Linux kernel and
+This part of the documentation inside Documentation/ABI directory
+attempts to document the ABI between the Linux kernel and
userspace, and the relative stability of these interfaces. Due to the
everchanging nature of Linux, and the differing maturity levels, these
interfaces should be used by userspace programs in different ways.
@@ -32,13 +33,10 @@ The different levels of stability are:
layout of the files below for details on how to do this.)
obsolete/
- This directory documents interfaces that are still remaining in
+ This directory documents interfaces that are still remaining in
the kernel, but are marked to be removed at some later point in
time. The description of the interface will document the reason
why it is obsolete and when it can be expected to be removed.
- The file Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt may describe
- some of these interfaces, giving a schedule for when they will
- be removed.
removed/
This directory contains a list of the old interfaces that have
@@ -48,7 +46,9 @@ Every file in these directories will contain the following information:
What: Short description of the interface
Date: Date created
-KernelVersion: Kernel version this feature first showed up in.
+KernelVersion: (Optional) Kernel version this feature first showed up in.
+ Note: git history often provides more accurate version
+ info, so this field may be omitted.
Contact: Primary contact for this interface (may be a mailing list)
Description: Long description of the interface and how to use it.
Users: All users of this interface who wish to be notified when
@@ -61,6 +61,14 @@ Users: All users of this interface who wish to be notified when
be changed further.
+Note:
+ The fields should be use a simple notation, compatible with ReST markup.
+ Also, the file **should not** have a top-level index, like::
+
+ ===
+ foo
+ ===
+
How things move between levels:
Interfaces in stable may move to obsolete, as long as the proper
@@ -75,3 +83,16 @@ kernel tree without going through the obsolete state first.
It's up to the developer to place their interfaces in the category they
wish for it to start out in.
+
+
+Notable bits of non-ABI, which should not under any circumstances be considered
+stable:
+
+- Kconfig. Userspace should not rely on the presence or absence of any
+ particular Kconfig symbol, in /proc/config.gz, in the copy of .config
+ commonly installed to /boot, or in any invocation of the kernel build
+ process.
+
+- Kernel-internal symbols. Do not rely on the presence, absence, location, or
+ type of any kernel symbol, either in System.map files or the kernel binary
+ itself. See Documentation/process/stable-api-nonsense.rst.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/automount-tracefs-debugfs b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/automount-tracefs-debugfs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a5196ec78cb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/automount-tracefs-debugfs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
+Date: May 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.27
+Contact: linux-trace-kernel@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ The ftrace was first added to the kernel, its interface was placed
+ into the debugfs file system under the "tracing" directory. Access
+ to the files were in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing. As systems wanted
+ access to the tracing interface without having to enable debugfs, a
+ new interface was created called "tracefs". This was a stand alone
+ file system and was usually mounted in /sys/kernel/tracing.
+
+ To allow older tooling to continue to operate, when mounting
+ debugfs, the tracefs file system would automatically get mounted in
+ the "tracing" directory of debugfs. The tracefs interface was added
+ in January 2015 in the v4.1 kernel.
+
+ All tooling should now be using tracefs directly and the "tracing"
+ directory in debugfs should be removed by January 2030.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/dv1394 b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/dv1394
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ee36864ca10..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/dv1394
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-What: dv1394 (a.k.a. "OHCI-DV I/O support" for FireWire)
-Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
-Description:
- New application development should use raw1394 + userspace libraries
- instead, notably libiec61883 which is functionally equivalent.
-
-Users:
- ffmpeg/libavformat (used by a variety of media players)
- dvgrab v1.x (replaced by dvgrab2 on top of raw1394 and resp. libraries)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/o2cb b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/o2cb
index 9c49d8e6c0cc..8f39b596731d 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/o2cb
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/o2cb
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-What: /sys/o2cb symlink
+What: /sys/o2cb
Date: Dec 2005
KernelVersion: 2.6.16
-Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
-Description: This is a symlink: /sys/o2cb to /sys/fs/o2cb. The symlink will
- be removed when new versions of ocfs2-tools which know to look
- in /sys/fs/o2cb are sufficiently prevalent. Don't code new
- software to look here, it should try /sys/fs/o2cb instead.
- See Documentation/ABI/stable/o2cb for more information on usage.
+Contact: ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev
+Description: Ocfs2-tools looks at 'interface-revision' for versioning
+ information. Each logmask/ file controls a set of debug prints
+ and can be written into with the strings "allow", "deny", or
+ "off". Reading the file returns the current state.
+ Was renamed to /sys/fs/u2cb/
Users: ocfs2-tools. It's sufficient to mail proposed changes to
- ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com.
+ ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/procfs-i8k b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/procfs-i8k
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..32df4d5bdd15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/procfs-i8k
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /proc/i8k
+Date: November 2001
+KernelVersion: 2.4.14
+Contact: Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
+Description: Legacy interface for getting/setting sensor information like
+ fan speed, temperature, serial number, hotkey status etc
+ on Dell Laptops.
+ Since the driver is now using the standard hwmon sysfs interface,
+ the procfs interface is deprecated.
+Users: https://github.com/vitorafsr/i8kutils
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-bus-iio b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-bus-iio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a13523561958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-bus-iio
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/length
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Number of scans contained by the buffer.
+
+ Since Kernel 5.11, multiple buffers are supported.
+ so, it is better to use, instead:
+
+ /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY/length
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/enable
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Actually start the buffer capture up. Will start trigger
+ if first device and appropriate.
+
+ Since Kernel 5.11, multiple buffers are supported.
+ so, it is better to use, instead:
+
+ /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY/enable
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/scan_elements
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Directory containing interfaces for elements that will be
+ captured for a single triggered sample set in the buffer.
+
+ Since kernel 5.11 the scan_elements attributes are merged into
+ the bufferY directory, to be configurable per buffer.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_accel_x_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_accel_y_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_accel_z_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_anglvel_x_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_anglvel_y_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_anglvel_z_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_magn_x_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_magn_y_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_magn_z_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_from_north_true_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_timestamp_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_voltageY_supply_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_voltageY_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_voltageY-voltageZ_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_incli_x_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_incli_y_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_pressureY_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_pressure_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_quaternion_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_proximity_en
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Scan element control for triggered data capture.
+
+ Since kernel 5.11 the scan_elements attributes are merged into
+ the bufferY directory, to be configurable per buffer.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_accel_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_anglvel_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_magn_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_incli_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_voltageY_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_voltage_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_voltageY_supply_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_timestamp_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_pressureY_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_pressure_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_quaternion_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_proximity_type
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Description of the scan element data storage within the buffer
+ and hence the form in which it is read from user-space.
+ Form is [be|le]:[s|u]bits/storagebits[>>shift].
+ be or le specifies big or little endian. s or u specifies if
+ signed (2's complement) or unsigned. bits is the number of bits
+ of data and storagebits is the space (after padding) that it
+ occupies in the buffer. shift if specified, is the shift that
+ needs to be applied prior to masking out unused bits. Some
+ devices put their data in the middle of the transferred elements
+ with additional information on both sides. Note that some
+ devices will have additional information in the unused bits
+ so to get a clean value, the bits value must be used to mask
+ the buffer output value appropriately. The storagebits value
+ also specifies the data alignment. So s48/64>>2 will be a
+ signed 48 bit integer stored in a 64 bit location aligned to
+ a 64 bit boundary. To obtain the clean value, shift right 2
+ and apply a mask to zero the top 16 bits of the result.
+ For other storage combinations this attribute will be extended
+ appropriately.
+
+ Since kernel 5.11 the scan_elements attributes are merged into
+ the bufferY directory, to be configurable per buffer.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_voltageY_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_voltageY_supply_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_accel_x_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_accel_y_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_accel_z_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_anglvel_x_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_anglvel_y_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_anglvel_z_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_magn_x_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_magn_y_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_magn_z_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_from_north_true_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_incli_x_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_incli_y_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_timestamp_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_pressureY_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_pressure_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_rot_quaternion_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_proximity_index
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Description:
+ A single positive integer specifying the position of this
+ scan element in the buffer. Note these are not dependent on
+ what is enabled and may not be contiguous. Thus for user-space
+ to establish the full layout these must be used in conjunction
+ with all _en attributes to establish which channels are present,
+ and the relevant _type attributes to establish the data storage
+ format.
+
+ Since kernel 5.11 the scan_elements attributes are merged into
+ the bufferY directory, to be configurable per buffer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/watermark
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A single positive integer specifying the maximum number of scan
+ elements to wait for.
+
+ Poll will block until the watermark is reached.
+
+ Blocking read will wait until the minimum between the requested
+ read amount or the low water mark is available.
+
+ Non-blocking read will retrieve the available samples from the
+ buffer even if there are less samples then watermark level. This
+ allows the application to block on poll with a timeout and read
+ the available samples after the timeout expires and thus have a
+ maximum delay guarantee.
+
+ Since Kernel 5.11, multiple buffers are supported.
+ so, it is better to use, instead:
+
+ /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY/watermark
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/data_available
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A read-only value indicating the bytes of data available in the
+ buffer. In the case of an output buffer, this indicates the
+ amount of empty space available to write data to. In the case of
+ an input buffer, this indicates the amount of data available for
+ reading.
+
+ Since Kernel 5.11, multiple buffers are supported.
+ so, it is better to use, instead:
+
+ /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY/data_available
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-bus-usb b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-bus-usb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bd096d33fbc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-bus-usb
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/level
+Date: March 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.21
+Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
+Description:
+ Each USB device directory will contain a file named
+ power/level. This file holds a power-level setting for
+ the device, either "on" or "auto".
+
+ "on" means that the device is not allowed to autosuspend,
+ although normal suspends for system sleep will still
+ be honored. "auto" means the device will autosuspend
+ and autoresume in the usual manner, according to the
+ capabilities of its driver.
+
+ During normal use, devices should be left in the "auto"
+ level. The "on" level is meant for administrative uses.
+ If you want to suspend a device immediately but leave it
+ free to wake up in response to I/O requests, you should
+ write "0" to power/autosuspend.
+
+ Device not capable of proper suspend and resume should be
+ left in the "on" level. Although the USB spec requires
+ devices to support suspend/resume, many of them do not.
+ In fact so many don't that by default, the USB core
+ initializes all non-hub devices in the "on" level. Some
+ drivers may change this setting when they are bound.
+
+ This file is deprecated and will be removed after 2010.
+ Use the power/control file instead; it does exactly the
+ same thing.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-class-typec b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-class-typec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..32623514ee87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-class-typec
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+These files are deprecated and will be removed. The same files are available
+under /sys/bus/typec (see Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-typec).
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port|partner|cable>/<dev>/svid
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The SVID (Standard or Vendor ID) assigned by USB-IF for this
+ alternate mode.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port|partner|cable>/<dev>/mode<index>/
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Every supported mode will have its own directory. The name of
+ a mode will be "mode<index>" (for example mode1), where <index>
+ is the actual index to the mode VDO returned by Discover Modes
+ USB power delivery command.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port|partner|cable>/<dev>/mode<index>/description
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows description of the mode. The description is optional for
+ the drivers, just like with the Billboard Devices.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port|partner|cable>/<dev>/mode<index>/vdo
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the VDO in hexadecimal returned by Discover Modes command
+ for this mode.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port|partner|cable>/<dev>/mode<index>/active
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows if the mode is active or not. The attribute can be used
+ for entering/exiting the mode with partners and cable plugs, and
+ with the port alternate modes it can be used for disabling
+ support for specific alternate modes. Entering/exiting modes is
+ supported as synchronous operation so write(2) to the attribute
+ does not return until the enter/exit mode operation has
+ finished. The attribute is notified when the mode is
+ entered/exited so poll(2) on the attribute wakes up.
+ Entering/exiting a mode will also generate uevent KOBJ_CHANGE.
+
+ Valid values: yes, no
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-cpuidle b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-cpuidle
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..972cc11d3434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-cpuidle
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/current_governor_ro
+Date: April, 2020
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ current_governor_ro shows current using cpuidle governor, but read only.
+ with the update that cpuidle governor can be changed at runtime in default,
+ both current_governor and current_governor_ro co-exist under
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/ file, it's duplicate so make
+ current_governor_ro obsolete.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-arvo b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-arvo
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..55e281b0071a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-arvo
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/arvo/roccatarvo<minor>/actual_profile
+Date: Januar 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 1-5.
+ When read, this attribute returns the number of the actual
+ profile which is also the profile that's active on device startup.
+ When written this attribute activates the selected profile
+ immediately.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/arvo/roccatarvo<minor>/button
+Date: Januar 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The keyboard can store short macros with consist of 1 button with
+ several modifier keys internally.
+ When written, this file lets one set the sequence for a specific
+ button for a specific profile. Button and profile numbers are
+ included in written data. The data has to be 24 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/arvo/roccatarvo<minor>/info
+Date: Januar 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns some info about the device like the
+ installed firmware version.
+ The size of the data is 8 bytes in size.
+ This file is readonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/arvo/roccatarvo<minor>/key_mask
+Date: Januar 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The keyboard lets the user deactivate 5 certain keys like the
+ windows and application keys, to protect the user from the outcome
+ of accidentally pressing them.
+ The integer value of this attribute has bits 0-4 set depending
+ on the state of the corresponding key.
+ When read, this file returns the current state of the buttons.
+ When written, the given buttons are activated/deactivated
+ immediately.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/arvo/roccatarvo<minor>/mode_key
+Date: Januar 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The keyboard has a condensed layout without num-lock key.
+ Instead it uses a mode-key which activates a gaming mode where
+ the assignment of the number block changes.
+ The integer value of this attribute ranges from 0 (OFF) to 1 (ON).
+ When read, this file returns the actual state of the key.
+ When written, the key is activated/deactivated immediately.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-isku b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-isku
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c601d0f2ac46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-isku
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/actual_profile
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 0-4.
+ When read, this attribute returns the number of the actual
+ profile. This value is persistent, so its equivalent to the
+ profile that's active when the device is powered on next time.
+ When written, this file sets the number of the startup profile
+ and the device activates this profile immediately.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/info
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns general data like firmware version.
+ The data is 6 bytes long.
+ This file is readonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/key_mask
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one deactivate certain keys like
+ windows and application keys, to prevent accidental presses.
+ Profile number for which this settings occur is included in
+ written data. The data has to be 6 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/keys_capslock
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the
+ capslock key for a specific profile. Profile number is included
+ in written data. The data has to be 6 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/keys_easyzone
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the
+ easyzone keys for a specific profile. Profile number is included
+ in written data. The data has to be 65 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/keys_function
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the
+ function keys for a specific profile. Profile number is included
+ in written data. The data has to be 41 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/keys_macro
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the macro
+ keys for a specific profile. Profile number is included in
+ written data. The data has to be 35 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/keys_media
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the media
+ keys for a specific profile. Profile number is included in
+ written data. The data has to be 29 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/keys_thumbster
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the
+ thumbster keys for a specific profile. Profile number is included
+ in written data. The data has to be 23 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/last_set
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the time in secs since
+ epoch in which the last configuration took place.
+ The data has to be 20 bytes long.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/light
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the backlight intensity for
+ a specific profile. Profile number is included in written data.
+ The data has to be 10 bytes long for Isku, IskuFX needs 16 bytes
+ of data.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/macro
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one store macros with max 500
+ keystrokes for a specific button for a specific profile.
+ Button and profile numbers are included in written data.
+ The data has to be 2083 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile and key to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/reset
+Date: November 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one reset the device.
+ The data has to be 3 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/control
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one select which data from which
+ profile will be read next. The data has to be 3 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/talk
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one trigger easyshift functionality
+ from the host.
+ The data has to be 16 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/isku/roccatisku<minor>/talkfx
+Date: February 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one trigger temporary color schemes
+ from the host.
+ The data has to be 16 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-koneplus b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-koneplus
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..545e69f43229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-koneplus
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/actual_profile
+Date: October 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 0-4.
+ When read, this attribute returns the number of the actual
+ profile. This value is persistent, so its equivalent to the
+ profile that's active when the mouse is powered on next time.
+ When written, this file sets the number of the startup profile
+ and the mouse activates this profile immediately.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/startup_profile
+Date: October 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 0-4.
+ When read, this attribute returns the number of the actual
+ profile. This value is persistent, so its equivalent to the
+ profile that's active when the mouse is powered on next time.
+ When written, this file sets the number of the startup profile
+ and the mouse activates this profile immediately.
+ Please use actual_profile, it does the same thing.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/firmware_version
+Date: October 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns the raw integer version number of the
+ firmware reported by the mouse. Using the integer value eases
+ further usage in other programs. To receive the real version
+ number the decimal point has to be shifted 2 positions to the
+ left. E.g. a returned value of 121 means 1.21
+ This file is readonly.
+ Please read binary attribute info which contains firmware version.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/info
+Date: November 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns general data like firmware version.
+ When written, the device can be reset.
+ The data is 8 bytes long.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/macro
+Date: October 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store a macro with max 500 key/button strokes
+ internally.
+ When written, this file lets one set the sequence for a specific
+ button for a specific profile. Button and profile numbers are
+ included in written data. The data has to be 2082 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/profile_buttons
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_buttons holds information about button layout.
+ When written, this file lets one write the respective profile
+ buttons back to the mouse. The data has to be 77 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+ Which profile to write is determined by the profile number
+ contained in the data.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/profile[1-5]_buttons
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_buttons holds information about button layout.
+ When read, these files return the respective profile buttons.
+ The returned data is 77 bytes in size.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Write control to select profile and read profile_buttons instead.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/profile_settings
+Date: October 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_settings holds information like resolution, sensitivity
+ and light effects.
+ When written, this file lets one write the respective profile
+ settings back to the mouse. The data has to be 43 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+ Which profile to write is determined by the profile number
+ contained in the data.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/profile[1-5]_settings
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_settings holds information like resolution, sensitivity
+ and light effects.
+ When read, these files return the respective profile settings.
+ The returned data is 43 bytes in size.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Write control to select profile and read profile_settings instead.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/sensor
+Date: October 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse has a tracking- and a distance-control-unit. These
+ can be activated/deactivated and the lift-off distance can be
+ set. The data has to be 6 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/talk
+Date: May 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: Used to active some easy* functions of the mouse from outside.
+ The data has to be 16 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/tcu
+Date: October 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written a calibration process for the tracking control unit
+ can be initiated/cancelled. Also lets one read/write sensor
+ registers.
+ The data has to be 4 bytes long.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/koneplus/roccatkoneplus<minor>/tcu_image
+Date: October 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read the mouse returns a 30x30 pixel image of the
+ sampled underground. This works only in the course of a
+ calibration process initiated with tcu.
+ The returned data is 1028 bytes in size.
+ This file is readonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-konepure b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-konepure
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..41a9b7fbfc79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-konepure
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/konepure/roccatkonepure<minor>/actual_profile
+Date: December 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. actual_profile holds number of actual profile.
+ This value is persistent, so its value determines the profile
+ that's active when the mouse is powered on next time.
+ When written, the mouse activates the set profile immediately.
+ The data has to be 3 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/konepure/roccatkonepure<minor>/control
+Date: December 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one select which data from which
+ profile will be read next. The data has to be 3 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/konepure/roccatkonepure<minor>/info
+Date: December 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns general data like firmware version.
+ When written, the device can be reset.
+ The data is 6 bytes long.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/konepure/roccatkonepure<minor>/macro
+Date: December 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store a macro with max 500 key/button strokes
+ internally.
+ When written, this file lets one set the sequence for a specific
+ button for a specific profile. Button and profile numbers are
+ included in written data. The data has to be 2082 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/konepure/roccatkonepure<minor>/profile_buttons
+Date: December 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_buttons holds information about button layout.
+ When written, this file lets one write the respective profile
+ buttons back to the mouse. The data has to be 59 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+ Which profile to write is determined by the profile number
+ contained in the data.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/konepure/roccatkonepure<minor>/profile_settings
+Date: December 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_settings holds information like resolution, sensitivity
+ and light effects.
+ When written, this file lets one write the respective profile
+ settings back to the mouse. The data has to be 31 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+ Which profile to write is determined by the profile number
+ contained in the data.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/konepure/roccatkonepure<minor>/sensor
+Date: December 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse has a tracking- and a distance-control-unit. These
+ can be activated/deactivated and the lift-off distance can be
+ set. The data has to be 6 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/konepure/roccatkonepure<minor>/talk
+Date: December 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: Used to active some easy* functions of the mouse from outside.
+ The data has to be 16 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/konepure/roccatkonepure<minor>/tcu
+Date: December 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written a calibration process for the tracking control unit
+ can be initiated/cancelled. Also lets one read/write sensor
+ registers.
+ The data has to be 4 bytes long.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/konepure/roccatkonepure<minor>/tcu_image
+Date: December 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read the mouse returns a 30x30 pixel image of the
+ sampled underground. This works only in the course of a
+ calibration process initiated with tcu.
+ The returned data is 1028 bytes in size.
+ This file is readonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-kovaplus b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-kovaplus
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ab01631e1e0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-kovaplus
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kovaplus/roccatkovaplus<minor>/actual_cpi
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 1-4.
+ When read, this attribute returns the number of the active
+ cpi level.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Has never been used. If bookkeeping is done, it's done in userland tools.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kovaplus/roccatkovaplus<minor>/actual_profile
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 0-4.
+ When read, this attribute returns the number of the active
+ profile.
+ When written, the mouse activates this profile immediately.
+ The profile that's active when powered down is the same that's
+ active when the mouse is powered on.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kovaplus/roccatkovaplus<minor>/actual_sensitivity_x
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 1-10.
+ When read, this attribute returns the number of the actual
+ sensitivity in x direction.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Has never been used. If bookkeeping is done, it's done in userland tools.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kovaplus/roccatkovaplus<minor>/actual_sensitivity_y
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 1-10.
+ When read, this attribute returns the number of the actual
+ sensitivity in y direction.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Has never been used. If bookkeeping is done, it's done in userland tools.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kovaplus/roccatkovaplus<minor>/firmware_version
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns the raw integer version number of the
+ firmware reported by the mouse. Using the integer value eases
+ further usage in other programs. To receive the real version
+ number the decimal point has to be shifted 2 positions to the
+ left. E.g. a returned value of 121 means 1.21
+ This file is readonly.
+ Obsoleted by binary sysfs attribute "info".
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kovaplus/roccatkovaplus<minor>/info
+Date: November 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns general data like firmware version.
+ When written, the device can be reset.
+ The data is 6 bytes long.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kovaplus/roccatkovaplus<minor>/profile_buttons
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_buttons holds information about button layout.
+ When written, this file lets one write the respective profile
+ buttons back to the mouse. The data has to be 23 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+ Which profile to write is determined by the profile number
+ contained in the data.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kovaplus/roccatkovaplus<minor>/profile[1-5]_buttons
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_buttons holds information about button layout.
+ When read, these files return the respective profile buttons.
+ The returned data is 23 bytes in size.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Write control to select profile and read profile_buttons instead.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kovaplus/roccatkovaplus<minor>/profile_settings
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_settings holds information like resolution, sensitivity
+ and light effects.
+ When written, this file lets one write the respective profile
+ settings back to the mouse. The data has to be 16 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+ Which profile to write is determined by the profile number
+ contained in the data.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kovaplus/roccatkovaplus<minor>/profile[1-5]_settings
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_settings holds information like resolution, sensitivity
+ and light effects.
+ When read, these files return the respective profile settings.
+ The returned data is 16 bytes in size.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Write control to select profile and read profile_settings instead.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-lua b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..31c6c4c8ba2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-lua
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/control
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, cpi, button and light settings can be configured.
+ When read, actual cpi setting and sensor data are returned.
+ The data has to be 8 bytes long.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-pyra b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-pyra
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..66545c587a64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-pyra
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/pyra/roccatpyra<minor>/actual_cpi
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: It is possible to switch the cpi setting of the mouse with the
+ press of a button.
+ When read, this file returns the raw number of the actual cpi
+ setting reported by the mouse. This number has to be further
+ processed to receive the real dpi value:
+
+ ===== ====
+ VALUE DPI
+ ===== ====
+ 1 400
+ 2 800
+ 4 1600
+ ===== ====
+
+ This file is readonly.
+ Has never been used. If bookkeeping is done, it's done in userland tools.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/pyra/roccatpyra<minor>/actual_profile
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns the number of the actual profile in
+ range 0-4.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Please use binary attribute "settings" which provides this information.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/pyra/roccatpyra<minor>/firmware_version
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns the raw integer version number of the
+ firmware reported by the mouse. Using the integer value eases
+ further usage in other programs. To receive the real version
+ number the decimal point has to be shifted 2 positions to the
+ left. E.g. a returned value of 138 means 1.38
+ This file is readonly.
+ Please use binary attribute "info" which provides this information.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/pyra/roccatpyra<minor>/info
+Date: November 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns general data like firmware version.
+ When written, the device can be reset.
+ The data is 6 bytes long.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/pyra/roccatpyra<minor>/profile_buttons
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_buttons holds information about button layout.
+ When written, this file lets one write the respective profile
+ buttons back to the mouse. The data has to be 19 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+ Which profile to write is determined by the profile number
+ contained in the data.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/pyra/roccatpyra<minor>/profile[1-5]_buttons
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_buttons holds information about button layout.
+ When read, these files return the respective profile buttons.
+ The returned data is 19 bytes in size.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Write control to select profile and read profile_buttons instead.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/pyra/roccatpyra<minor>/profile_settings
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_settings holds information like resolution, sensitivity
+ and light effects.
+ When written, this file lets one write the respective profile
+ settings back to the mouse. The data has to be 13 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+ Which profile to write is determined by the profile number
+ contained in the data.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/pyra/roccatpyra<minor>/profile[1-5]_settings
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split in settings and buttons.
+ profile_settings holds information like resolution, sensitivity
+ and light effects.
+ When read, these files return the respective profile settings.
+ The returned data is 13 bytes in size.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Write control to select profile and read profile_settings instead.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/pyra/roccatpyra<minor>/settings
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns the settings stored in the mouse.
+ The size of the data is 3 bytes and holds information on the
+ startup_profile.
+ When written, this file lets write settings back to the mouse.
+ The data has to be 3 bytes long. The mouse will reject invalid
+ data.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/pyra/roccatpyra<minor>/startup_profile
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 0-4.
+ When read, this attribute returns the number of the profile
+ that's active when the mouse is powered on.
+ This file is readonly.
+ Please use binary attribute "settings" which provides this information.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-ryos b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-ryos
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1d6a8cf9dc0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-ryos
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/control
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one select which data from which
+ profile will be read next. The data has to be 3 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/profile
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. profile holds index of actual profile.
+ This value is persistent, so its value determines the profile
+ that's active when the device is powered on next time.
+ When written, the device activates the set profile immediately.
+ The data has to be 3 bytes long.
+ The device will reject invalid data.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/keys_primary
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the default of all keys for
+ a specific profile. Profile index is included in written data.
+ The data has to be 125 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/keys_function
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the
+ function keys for a specific profile. Profile index is included
+ in written data. The data has to be 95 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/keys_macro
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the macro
+ keys for a specific profile. Profile index is included in
+ written data. The data has to be 35 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/keys_thumbster
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the
+ thumbster keys for a specific profile. Profile index is included
+ in written data. The data has to be 23 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/keys_extra
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the
+ capslock and function keys for a specific profile. Profile index
+ is included in written data. The data has to be 8 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/keys_easyzone
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the function of the
+ easyzone keys for a specific profile. Profile index is included
+ in written data. The data has to be 294 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/key_mask
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one deactivate certain keys like
+ windows and application keys, to prevent accidental presses.
+ Profile index for which this settings occur is included in
+ written data. The data has to be 6 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/light
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the backlight intensity for
+ a specific profile. Profile index is included in written data.
+ This attribute is only valid for the glow and pro variant.
+ The data has to be 16 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/macro
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one store macros with max 480
+ keystrokes for a specific button for a specific profile.
+ Button and profile indexes are included in written data.
+ The data has to be 2002 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile and key to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/info
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns general data like firmware version.
+ The data is 8 bytes long.
+ This file is readonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/reset
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one reset the device.
+ The data has to be 3 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/talk
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one trigger easyshift functionality
+ from the host.
+ The data has to be 16 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/light_control
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one switch between stored and custom
+ light settings.
+ This attribute is only valid for the pro variant.
+ The data has to be 8 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/stored_lights
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set per-key lighting for different
+ layers.
+ This attribute is only valid for the pro variant.
+ The data has to be 1382 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/custom_lights
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set the actual per-key lighting.
+ This attribute is only valid for the pro variant.
+ The data has to be 20 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/ryos/roccatryos<minor>/light_macro
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one set a light macro that is looped
+ whenever the device gets in dimness mode.
+ This attribute is only valid for the pro variant.
+ The data has to be 2002 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-savu b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-savu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..99fda67fce18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-savu
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/savu/roccatsavu<minor>/buttons
+Date: Mai 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split into general settings and
+ button settings. The buttons variable holds information about
+ button layout. When written, this file lets one write the
+ respective profile buttons to the mouse. The data has to be
+ 47 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+ Which profile to write is determined by the profile number
+ contained in the data.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/savu/roccatsavu<minor>/control
+Date: Mai 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one select which data from which
+ profile will be read next. The data has to be 3 bytes long.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/savu/roccatsavu<minor>/general
+Date: Mai 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile is split into general settings and
+ button settings. A profile holds information like resolution,
+ sensitivity and light effects.
+ When written, this file lets one write the respective profile
+ settings back to the mouse. The data has to be 43 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+ Which profile to write is determined by the profile number
+ contained in the data.
+ This file is writeonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/savu/roccatsavu<minor>/info
+Date: Mai 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns general data like firmware version.
+ When written, the device can be reset.
+ The data is 8 bytes long.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/savu/roccatsavu<minor>/macro
+Date: Mai 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When written, this file lets one store macros with max 500
+ keystrokes for a specific button for a specific profile.
+ Button and profile numbers are included in written data.
+ The data has to be 2083 bytes long.
+ Before reading this file, control has to be written to select
+ which profile and key to read.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/savu/roccatsavu<minor>/profile
+Date: Mai 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. profile holds number of actual profile.
+ This value is persistent, so its value determines the profile
+ that's active when the mouse is powered on next time.
+ When written, the mouse activates the set profile immediately.
+ The data has to be 3 bytes long.
+ The mouse will reject invalid data.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/savu/roccatsavu<minor>/sensor
+Date: July 2012
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse has a Avago ADNS-3090 sensor.
+ This file allows reading and writing of the mouse sensors registers.
+ The data has to be 4 bytes long.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-intel_pmc_bxt b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-intel_pmc_bxt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..39d5659f388b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-intel_pmc_bxt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+These files allow sending arbitrary IPC commands to the PMC/SCU which
+may be dangerous. These will be removed eventually and should not be
+used in any new applications.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT34D2:00/simplecmd
+Date: Jun 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.1
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This interface allows userspace to send an arbitrary
+ IPC command to the PMC/SCU.
+
+ Format: %d %d where first number is command and
+ second number is subcommand.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT34D2:00/northpeak
+Date: Jun 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.1
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This interface allows userspace to enable and disable
+ Northpeak through the PMC/SCU.
+
+ Format: %u.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-samsung-laptop b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-samsung-laptop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..204c3f3a1d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-driver-samsung-laptop
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/samsung/battery_life_extender
+Date: December 1, 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Corentin Chary <corentin.chary@gmail.com>
+Description: Max battery charge level can be modified, battery cycle
+ life can be extended by reducing the max battery charge
+ level.
+
+ - 0 means normal battery mode (100% charge)
+ - 1 means battery life extender mode (80% charge)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-firmware-acpi b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-firmware-acpi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6715a71bec3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-firmware-acpi
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/acpi/hotplug/force_remove
+Date: Mar 2017
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Since the force_remove is inherently broken and dangerous to
+ use for some hotplugable resources like memory (because ignoring
+ the offline failure might lead to memory corruption and crashes)
+ enabling this knob is not safe and thus unsupported.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-gpio b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-gpio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0d3f12c4dcbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-gpio
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+What: /sys/class/gpio/
+Date: July 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.27
+Contact: Linus Walleij <linusw@kernel.org>
+Description:
+
+ As a Kconfig option, individual GPIO signals may be accessed from
+ userspace. GPIOs are only made available to userspace by an explicit
+ "export" operation. If a given GPIO is not claimed for use by
+ kernel code, it may be exported by userspace (and unexported later).
+ Kernel code may export it for complete or partial access.
+
+ GPIOs are identified as they are inside the kernel, using integers in
+ the range 0..INT_MAX. See Documentation/admin-guide/gpio for more information.
+
+ ::
+
+ /sys/class/gpio
+ /export ... asks the kernel to export a GPIO to userspace
+ /unexport ... to return a GPIO to the kernel
+ /gpioN ... for each exported GPIO #N OR
+ /value ... always readable, writes fail for input GPIOs
+ /direction ... r/w as: in, out (default low); write: high, low
+ /edge ... r/w as: none, falling, rising, both
+ /active_low ... r/w as: 0, 1
+ /gpiochipN ... for each gpiochip; #N is its first GPIO
+ /base ... (r/o) same as N
+ /label ... (r/o) descriptive chip name
+ /ngpio ... (r/o) number of GPIOs; numbered N to N + (ngpio - 1)
+ /gpio<OFFSET>
+ /value ... always readable, writes fail for input GPIOs
+ /direction ... r/w as: in, out (default low); write: high, low
+ /chipX ... for each gpiochip; #X is the gpio device ID
+ /export ... asks the kernel to export a GPIO at HW offset X to userspace
+ /unexport ... to return a GPIO at HW offset X to the kernel
+ /label ... (r/o) descriptive chip name
+ /ngpio ... (r/o) number of GPIOs exposed by the chip
+
+ This ABI is obsoleted by Documentation/ABI/testing/gpio-cdev and will be
+ removed after 2020.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-fadump_enabled b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-fadump_enabled
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e9c2de8b3688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-fadump_enabled
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+This ABI is renamed and moved to a new location /sys/kernel/fadump/enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump_enabled
+Date: Feb 2012
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Primarily used to identify whether the FADump is enabled in
+ the kernel or not.
+User: Kdump service
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-fadump_registered b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-fadump_registered
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dae880b1a5d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-fadump_registered
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+This ABI is renamed and moved to a new location /sys/kernel/fadump/registered.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump_registered
+Date: Feb 2012
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read/write
+ Helps to control the dump collect feature from userspace.
+ Setting 1 to this file enables the system to collect the
+ dump and 0 to disable it.
+User: Kdump service
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-fadump_release_mem b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-fadump_release_mem
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ca2396edb5f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-fadump_release_mem
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+This ABI is renamed and moved to a new location /sys/kernel/fadump/release_mem.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump_release_mem
+Date: Feb 2012
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: write only
+ This is a special sysfs file and only available when
+ the system is booted to capture the vmcore using FADump.
+ It is used to release the memory reserved by FADump to
+ save the crash dump.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-platform-ideapad-laptop b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-platform-ideapad-laptop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c1dbd19c679c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-platform-ideapad-laptop
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/VPC2004:*/conservation_mode
+Date: Aug 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: platform-driver-x86@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Controls whether the conservation mode is enabled or not.
+ This feature limits the maximum battery charge percentage to
+ around 50-60% in order to prolong the lifetime of the battery.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-selinux-user b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-selinux-user
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8ab7557f283f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-selinux-user
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+What: /sys/fs/selinux/user
+Date: April 2005 (predates git)
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12-rc2 (predates git)
+Contact: selinux@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ The selinuxfs "user" node allows userspace to request a list
+ of security contexts that can be reached for a given SELinux
+ user from a given starting context. This was used by libselinux
+ when various login-style programs requested contexts for
+ users, but libselinux stopped using it in 2020.
+ Kernel support will be removed no sooner than Dec 2025.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/devfs b/Documentation/ABI/removed/devfs
index 8ffd28bf6598..24fb35adf277 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/removed/devfs
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/devfs
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
What: devfs
Date: July 2005 (scheduled), finally removed in kernel v2.6.18
-Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
+Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Description:
devfs has been unmaintained for a number of years, has unfixable
races, contains a naming policy within the kernel that is
against the LSB, and can be replaced by using udev.
+
The files fs/devfs/*, include/linux/devfs_fs*.h were removed,
along with the assorted devfs function calls throughout the
kernel tree.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/dv1394 b/Documentation/ABI/removed/dv1394
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c2310b6676f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/dv1394
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: dv1394 (a.k.a. "OHCI-DV I/O support" for FireWire)
+Date: May 2010 (scheduled), finally removed in kernel v2.6.37
+Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ /dev/dv1394/* were character device files, one for each FireWire
+ controller and for NTSC and PAL respectively, from which DV data
+ could be received by read() or transmitted by write(). A few
+ ioctl()s allowed limited control.
+ This special-purpose interface has been superseded by libraw1394 +
+ libiec61883 which are functionally equivalent, support HDV, and
+ transparently work on top of the newer firewire kernel drivers.
+
+Users:
+ ffmpeg/libavformat (if configured for DV1394)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/ip_queue b/Documentation/ABI/removed/ip_queue
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3243613bc2d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/ip_queue
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: ip_queue
+Date: finally removed in kernel v3.5.0
+Contact: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
+Description:
+ ip_queue has been replaced by nfnetlink_queue which provides
+ more advanced queueing mechanism to user-space. The ip_queue
+ module was already announced to become obsolete years ago.
+
+Users:
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/net_dma b/Documentation/ABI/removed/net_dma
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a173aecc2f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/net_dma
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: tcp_dma_copybreak sysctl
+Date: Removed in kernel v3.13
+Contact: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Formerly the lower limit, in bytes, of the size of socket reads
+ that will be offloaded to a DMA copy engine. Removed due to
+ coherency issues of the cpu potentially touching the buffers
+ while dma is in flight.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/o2cb b/Documentation/ABI/removed/o2cb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..61cff238fbe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/o2cb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/o2cb symlink
+Date: May 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev
+Description: This is a symlink: /sys/o2cb to /sys/fs/o2cb. The symlink is
+ removed when new versions of ocfs2-tools which know to look
+ in /sys/fs/o2cb are sufficiently prevalent. Don't code new
+ software to look here, it should try /sys/fs/o2cb instead.
+Users: ocfs2-tools. It's sufficient to mail proposed changes to
+ ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/raw1394 b/Documentation/ABI/removed/raw1394
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9ec7ec493920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/raw1394
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: raw1394 (a.k.a. "Raw IEEE1394 I/O support" for FireWire)
+Date: May 2010 (scheduled), finally removed in kernel v2.6.37
+Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ /dev/raw1394 was a character device file that allowed low-level
+ access to FireWire buses. Its major drawbacks were its inability
+ to implement sensible device security policies, and its low level
+ of abstraction that required userspace clients to duplicate much
+ of the kernel's ieee1394 core functionality.
+
+ Replaced by /dev/fw*, i.e. the <linux/firewire-cdev.h> ABI of
+ firewire-core.
+
+Users:
+ libraw1394 (works with firewire-cdev too, transparent to library ABI
+ users)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/raw1394_legacy_isochronous b/Documentation/ABI/removed/raw1394_legacy_isochronous
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b629622d883..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/ABI/removed/raw1394_legacy_isochronous
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-What: legacy isochronous ABI of raw1394 (1st generation iso ABI)
-Date: June 2007 (scheduled), removed in kernel v2.6.23
-Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
-Description:
- The two request types RAW1394_REQ_ISO_SEND, RAW1394_REQ_ISO_LISTEN have
- been deprecated for quite some time. They are very inefficient as they
- come with high interrupt load and several layers of callbacks for each
- packet. Because of these deficiencies, the video1394 and dv1394 drivers
- and the 3rd-generation isochronous ABI in raw1394 (rawiso) were created.
-
-Users:
- libraw1394 users via the long deprecated API raw1394_iso_write,
- raw1394_start_iso_write, raw1394_start_iso_rcv, raw1394_stop_iso_rcv
-
- libdc1394, which optionally uses these old libraw1394 calls
- alternatively to the more efficient video1394 ABI
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-bus-nfit b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-bus-nfit
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..277437005def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-bus-nfit
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/regionX/nfit/ecc_unit_size
+Date: Aug, 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.14 (Removed v4.18)
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Size of a write request to a DIMM that will not incur a
+ read-modify-write cycle at the memory controller.
+
+ When the nfit driver initializes it runs an ARS (Address Range
+ Scrub) operation across every pmem range. Part of that process
+ involves determining the ARS capabilities of a given address
+ range. One of the capabilities that is reported is the 'Clear
+ Uncorrectable Error Range Length Unit Size' (see: ACPI 6.2
+ section 9.20.7.4 Function Index 1 - Query ARS Capabilities).
+ This property indicates the boundary at which the NVDIMM may
+ need to perform read-modify-write cycles to maintain ECC (Error
+ Correcting Code) blocks.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-class-cxl b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-class-cxl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..266c413b96e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-class-cxl
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+The cxl driver was removed in 6.15.
+
+Please note that attributes that are shared between devices are stored in
+the directory pointed to by the symlink device/.
+For example, the real path of the attribute /sys/class/cxl/afu0.0s/irqs_max is
+/sys/class/cxl/afu0.0s/device/irqs_max, i.e. /sys/class/cxl/afu0.0/irqs_max.
+
+
+Slave contexts (eg. /sys/class/cxl/afu0.0s):
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/afu_err_buf
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ AFU Error Buffer contents. The contents of this file are
+ application specific and depends on the AFU being used.
+ Applications interacting with the AFU can use this attribute
+ to know about the current error condition and take appropriate
+ action like logging the event etc.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/irqs_max
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read/write
+ Decimal value of maximum number of interrupts that can be
+ requested by userspace. The default on probe is the maximum
+ that hardware can support (eg. 2037). Write values will limit
+ userspace applications to that many userspace interrupts. Must
+ be >= irqs_min.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/irqs_min
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Decimal value of the minimum number of interrupts that
+ userspace must request on a CXL_START_WORK ioctl. Userspace may
+ omit the num_interrupts field in the START_WORK IOCTL to get
+ this minimum automatically.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/mmio_size
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Decimal value of the size of the MMIO space that may be mmapped
+ by userspace.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/modes_supported
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ List of the modes this AFU supports. One per line.
+ Valid entries are: "dedicated_process" and "afu_directed"
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/mode
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read/write
+ The current mode the AFU is using. Will be one of the modes
+ given in modes_supported. Writing will change the mode
+ provided that no user contexts are attached.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/prefault_mode
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read/write
+ Set the mode for prefaulting in segments into the segment table
+ when performing the START_WORK ioctl. Only applicable when
+ running under hashed page table mmu.
+ Possible values:
+
+ ======================= ======================================
+ none No prefaulting (default)
+ work_element_descriptor Treat the work element
+ descriptor as an effective address and
+ prefault what it points to.
+ all all segments process calling
+ START_WORK maps.
+ ======================= ======================================
+
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/reset
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: write only
+ Writing 1 here will reset the AFU provided there are not
+ contexts active on the AFU.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/api_version
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Decimal value of the current version of the kernel/user API.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/api_version_compatible
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Decimal value of the lowest version of the userspace API
+ this kernel supports.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+
+AFU configuration records (eg. /sys/class/cxl/afu0.0/cr0):
+
+An AFU may optionally export one or more PCIe like configuration records, known
+as AFU configuration records, which will show up here (if present).
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/cr<config num>/vendor
+Date: February 2015, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Hexadecimal value of the vendor ID found in this AFU
+ configuration record.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/cr<config num>/device
+Date: February 2015, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Hexadecimal value of the device ID found in this AFU
+ configuration record.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/cr<config num>/class
+Date: February 2015, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Hexadecimal value of the class code found in this AFU
+ configuration record.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>/cr<config num>/config
+Date: February 2015, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ This binary file provides raw access to the AFU configuration
+ record. The format is expected to match the either the standard
+ or extended configuration space defined by the PCIe
+ specification.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+
+
+Master contexts (eg. /sys/class/cxl/afu0.0m)
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>m/mmio_size
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Decimal value of the size of the MMIO space that may be mmapped
+ by userspace. This includes all slave contexts space also.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>m/pp_mmio_len
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Decimal value of the Per Process MMIO space length.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<afu>m/pp_mmio_off
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ (not in a guest)
+ Decimal value of the Per Process MMIO space offset.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+
+Card info (eg. /sys/class/cxl/card0)
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/caia_version
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Identifies the CAIA Version the card implements.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/psl_revision
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Identifies the revision level of the PSL.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/base_image
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ (not in a guest)
+ Identifies the revision level of the base image for devices
+ that support loadable PSLs. For FPGAs this field identifies
+ the image contained in the on-adapter flash which is loaded
+ during the initial program load.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/image_loaded
+Date: September 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ (not in a guest)
+ Will return "user" or "factory" depending on the image loaded
+ onto the card.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/load_image_on_perst
+Date: December 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read/write
+ (not in a guest)
+ Valid entries are "none", "user", and "factory".
+ "none" means PERST will not cause image to be loaded to the
+ card. A power cycle is required to load the image.
+ "none" could be useful for debugging because the trace arrays
+ are preserved.
+
+ "user" and "factory" means PERST will cause either the user or
+ user or factory image to be loaded.
+ Default is to reload on PERST whichever image the card has
+ loaded.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/reset
+Date: October 2014, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: write only
+ Writing 1 will issue a PERST to card provided there are no
+ contexts active on any one of the card AFUs. This may cause
+ the card to reload the FPGA depending on load_image_on_perst.
+ Writing -1 will do a force PERST irrespective of any active
+ contexts on the card AFUs.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/perst_reloads_same_image
+Date: July 2015, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read/write
+ (not in a guest)
+ Trust that when an image is reloaded via PERST, it will not
+ have changed.
+
+ == =================================================
+ 0 don't trust, the image may be different (default)
+ 1 trust that the image will not change.
+ == =================================================
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/psl_timebase_synced
+Date: March 2016, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Returns 1 if the psl timebase register is synchronized
+ with the core timebase register, 0 otherwise.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
+What: /sys/class/cxl/<card>/tunneled_ops_supported
+Date: May 2018, removed February 2025
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Returns 1 if tunneled operations are supported in capi mode,
+ 0 otherwise.
+Users: https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-class-rfkill b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-class-rfkill
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..20cb688af173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-class-rfkill
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+rfkill - radio frequency (RF) connector kill switch support
+
+For details to this subsystem look at Documentation/driver-api/rfkill.rst.
+
+What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/claim
+Date: 09-Jul-2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.22
+Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This file was deprecated because there no longer was a way to
+ claim just control over a single rfkill instance.
+ This file was scheduled to be removed in 2012, and was removed
+ in 2016.
+Values: 0: Kernel handles events
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-firmware-efi-vars b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-firmware-efi-vars
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8d97368b149b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-firmware-efi-vars
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/vars
+Date: April 2004, removed March 2023
+Description:
+ This directory exposed interfaces for interacting with
+ EFI variables. For more information on EFI variables,
+ see 'Variable Services' in the UEFI specification
+ (section 7.2 in specification version 2.3 Errata D).
+
+ The 'efivars' sysfs interface was removed in March of 2023,
+ after being considered deprecated no later than September
+ of 2020. Its functionality has been replaced by the
+ 'efivarfs' filesystem.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-kernel-fadump_release_opalcore b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-kernel-fadump_release_opalcore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a8d46cd0f4e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-kernel-fadump_release_opalcore
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+This ABI is moved to /sys/firmware/opal/mpipl/release_core.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump_release_opalcore
+Date: Sep 2019
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: write only
+ The sysfs file is available when the system is booted to
+ collect the dump on OPAL based machine. It used to release
+ the memory used to collect the opalcore.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-uids b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-kernel-uids
index 28f14695a852..85a90b86ce1e 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-uids
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-kernel-uids
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
What: /sys/kernel/uids/<uid>/cpu_shares
-Date: December 2007
+Date: December 2007, finally removed in kernel v2.6.34-rc1
Contact: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Description:
The /sys/kernel/uids/<uid>/cpu_shares tunable is used
to set the cpu bandwidth a user is allowed. This is a
- propotional value. What that means is that if there
+ proportional value. What that means is that if there
are two users logged in, each with an equal number of
shares, then they will get equal CPU bandwidth. Another
example would be, if User A has shares = 1024 and user
B has shares = 2048, User B will get twice the CPU
bandwidth user A will. For more details refer
- Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt
+ Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-mce b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-mce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ef5dd2a80918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-mce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheckX/tolerant
+Contact: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
+Date: Dec, 2021
+Description:
+ Unused and obsolete after the advent of recoverable machine
+ checks (see last sentence below) and those are present since
+ 2010 (Nehalem).
+
+ Original description:
+
+ The entries appear for each CPU, but they are truly shared
+ between all CPUs.
+
+ Tolerance level. When a machine check exception occurs for a
+ non corrected machine check the kernel can take different
+ actions.
+
+ Since machine check exceptions can happen any time it is
+ sometimes risky for the kernel to kill a process because it
+ defies normal kernel locking rules. The tolerance level
+ configures how hard the kernel tries to recover even at some
+ risk of deadlock. Higher tolerant values trade potentially
+ better uptime with the risk of a crash or even corruption
+ (for tolerant >= 3).
+
+ == ===========================================================
+ 0 always panic on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
+ 1 panic or SIGBUS on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
+ 2 SIGBUS or log uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
+ 3 never panic or SIGBUS, log all errors (for testing only)
+ == ===========================================================
+
+ Default: 1
+
+ Note this only makes a difference if the CPU allows recovery
+ from a machine check exception. Current x86 CPUs generally
+ do not.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-selinux-checkreqprot b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-selinux-checkreqprot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f599a0a87e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-selinux-checkreqprot
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+What: /sys/fs/selinux/checkreqprot
+Date: April 2005 (predates git)
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12-rc2 (predates git)
+Contact: selinux@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ REMOVAL UPDATE: The SELinux checkreqprot functionality was removed in
+ March 2023, the original deprecation notice is shown below.
+
+ The selinuxfs "checkreqprot" node allows SELinux to be configured
+ to check the protection requested by userspace for mmap/mprotect
+ calls instead of the actual protection applied by the kernel.
+ This was a compatibility mechanism for legacy userspace and
+ for the READ_IMPLIES_EXEC personality flag. However, if set to
+ 1, it weakens security by allowing mappings to be made executable
+ without authorization by policy. The default value of checkreqprot
+ at boot was changed starting in Linux v4.4 to 0 (i.e. check the
+ actual protection), and Android and Linux distributions have been
+ explicitly writing a "0" to /sys/fs/selinux/checkreqprot during
+ initialization for some time. Support for setting checkreqprot to 1
+ will be removed no sooner than June 2021, at which point the kernel
+ will always cease using checkreqprot internally and will always
+ check the actual protections being applied upon mmap/mprotect calls.
+ The checkreqprot selinuxfs node will remain for backward compatibility
+ but will discard writes of the "0" value and will reject writes of the
+ "1" value when this mechanism is removed.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-selinux-disable b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-selinux-disable
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cb783c64cab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-selinux-disable
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+What: /sys/fs/selinux/disable
+Date: April 2005 (predates git)
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12-rc2 (predates git)
+Contact: selinux@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ REMOVAL UPDATE: The SELinux runtime disable functionality was removed
+ in March 2023, the original deprecation notice is shown below.
+
+ The selinuxfs "disable" node allows SELinux to be disabled at runtime
+ prior to a policy being loaded into the kernel. If disabled via this
+ mechanism, SELinux will remain disabled until the system is rebooted.
+
+ The preferred method of disabling SELinux is via the "selinux=0" boot
+ parameter, but the selinuxfs "disable" node was created to make it
+ easier for systems with primitive bootloaders that did not allow for
+ easy modification of the kernel command line. Unfortunately, allowing
+ for SELinux to be disabled at runtime makes it difficult to secure the
+ kernel's LSM hooks using the "__ro_after_init" feature.
+
+ Thankfully, the need for the SELinux runtime disable appears to be
+ gone, the default Kconfig configuration disables this selinuxfs node,
+ and only one of the major distributions, Fedora, supports disabling
+ SELinux at runtime. Fedora is in the process of removing the
+ selinuxfs "disable" node and once that is complete we will start the
+ slow process of removing this code from the kernel.
+
+ More information on /sys/fs/selinux/disable can be found under the
+ CONFIG_SECURITY_SELINUX_DISABLE Kconfig option.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/removed/video1394 b/Documentation/ABI/removed/video1394
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1905d35a6619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/removed/video1394
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: video1394 (a.k.a. "OHCI-1394 Video support" for FireWire)
+Date: May 2010 (scheduled), finally removed in kernel v2.6.37
+Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ /dev/video1394/* were character device files, one for each FireWire
+ controller, which were used for isochronous I/O. It was added as an
+ alternative to raw1394's isochronous I/O functionality which had
+ performance issues in its first generation. Any video1394 user had
+ to use raw1394 + libraw1394 too because video1394 did not provide
+ asynchronous I/O for device discovery and configuration.
+
+ Replaced by /dev/fw*, i.e. the <linux/firewire-cdev.h> ABI of
+ firewire-core.
+
+Users:
+ libdc1394 (works with firewire-cdev too, transparent to library ABI
+ users)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/firewire-cdev b/Documentation/ABI/stable/firewire-cdev
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..261f85b13154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/firewire-cdev
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+What: /dev/fw[0-9]+
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ The character device files /dev/fw* are the interface between
+ firewire-core and IEEE 1394 device drivers implemented in
+ userspace. The ioctl(2)- and read(2)-based ABI is defined and
+ documented in <linux/firewire-cdev.h>.
+
+ This ABI offers most of the features which firewire-core also
+ exposes to kernelspace IEEE 1394 drivers.
+
+ Each /dev/fw* is associated with one IEEE 1394 node, which can
+ be remote or local nodes. Operations on a /dev/fw* file have
+ different scope:
+
+ - The 1394 node which is associated with the file:
+
+ - Asynchronous request transmission
+ - Get the Configuration ROM
+ - Query node ID
+ - Query maximum speed of the path between this node
+ and local node
+
+ - The 1394 bus (i.e. "card") to which the node is attached to:
+
+ - Isochronous stream transmission and reception
+ - Asynchronous stream transmission and reception
+ - Asynchronous broadcast request transmission
+ - PHY packet transmission and reception
+ - Allocate, reallocate, deallocate isochronous
+ resources (channels, bandwidth) at the bus's IRM
+ - Query node IDs of local node, root node, IRM, bus
+ manager
+ - Query cycle time
+ - Bus reset initiation, bus reset event reception
+
+ - All 1394 buses:
+
+ - Allocation of IEEE 1212 address ranges on the local
+ link layers, reception of inbound requests to such
+ an address range, asynchronous response transmission
+ to inbound requests
+ - Addition of descriptors or directories to the local
+ nodes' Configuration ROM
+
+ Due to the different scope of operations and in order to let
+ userland implement different access permission models, some
+ operations are restricted to /dev/fw* files that are associated
+ with a local node:
+
+ - Addition of descriptors or directories to the local
+ nodes' Configuration ROM
+ - PHY packet transmission and reception
+
+ A /dev/fw* file remains associated with one particular node
+ during its entire life time. Bus topology changes, and hence
+ node ID changes, are tracked by firewire-core. ABI users do not
+ need to be aware of topology.
+
+ The following file operations are supported:
+
+ open(2)
+ Currently the only useful flags are O_RDWR.
+
+ ioctl(2)
+ Initiate various actions. Some take immediate effect, others
+ are performed asynchronously while or after the ioctl returns.
+ See the inline documentation in <linux/firewire-cdev.h> for
+ descriptions of all ioctls.
+
+ poll(2), select(2), epoll_wait(2) etc.
+ Watch for events to become available to be read.
+
+ read(2)
+ Receive various events. There are solicited events like
+ outbound asynchronous transaction completion or isochronous
+ buffer completion, and unsolicited events such as bus resets,
+ request reception, or PHY packet reception. Always use a read
+ buffer which is large enough to receive the largest event that
+ could ever arrive. See <linux/firewire-cdev.h> for descriptions
+ of all event types and for which ioctls affect reception of
+ events.
+
+ mmap(2)
+ Allocate a DMA buffer for isochronous reception or transmission
+ and map it into the process address space. The arguments should
+ be used as follows: addr = NULL, length = the desired buffer
+ size, i.e. number of packets times size of largest packet,
+ prot = at least PROT_READ for reception and at least PROT_WRITE
+ for transmission, flags = MAP_SHARED, fd = the handle to the
+ /dev/fw*, offset = 0.
+
+ Isochronous reception works in packet-per-buffer fashion except
+ for multichannel reception which works in buffer-fill mode.
+
+ munmap(2)
+ Unmap the isochronous I/O buffer from the process address space.
+
+ close(2)
+ Besides stopping and freeing I/O contexts that were associated
+ with the file descriptor, back out any changes to the local
+ nodes' Configuration ROM. Deallocate isochronous channels and
+ bandwidth at the IRM that were marked for kernel-assisted
+ re- and deallocation.
+
+Users: libraw1394;
+ libdc1394;
+ libhinawa;
+ tools like linux-firewire-utils, fwhack, ...
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/o2cb b/Documentation/ABI/stable/o2cb
index 5eb1545e0b8d..3a83b5c54e93 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/stable/o2cb
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/o2cb
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-What: /sys/fs/o2cb/ (was /sys/o2cb)
+What: /sys/fs/o2cb/
Date: Dec 2005
KernelVersion: 2.6.16
-Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
+Contact: ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev
Description: Ocfs2-tools looks at 'interface-revision' for versioning
information. Each logmask/ file controls a set of debug prints
and can be written into with the strings "allow", "deny", or
"off". Reading the file returns the current state.
Users: ocfs2-tools. It's sufficient to mail proposed changes to
- ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com.
+ ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/procfs-audit_loginuid b/Documentation/ABI/stable/procfs-audit_loginuid
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cda405178391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/procfs-audit_loginuid
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: Audit Login UID
+Date: 2005-02-01
+KernelVersion: 2.6.11-rc2 1e2d1492e178 ("[PATCH] audit: handle loginuid through proc")
+Contact: linux-audit@redhat.com
+Users: audit and login applications
+Description:
+ The /proc/$pid/loginuid pseudofile is written to set and
+ read to get the audit login UID of process $pid as a
+ decimal unsigned int (%u, u32). If it is unset,
+ permissions are not needed to set it. The accessor must
+ have CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL in the initial user namespace to
+ write it if it has been set. It cannot be written again
+ if AUDIT_FEATURE_LOGINUID_IMMUTABLE is enabled. It
+ cannot be unset if AUDIT_FEATURE_ONLY_UNSET_LOGINUID is
+ enabled.
+
+What: Audit Login Session ID
+Date: 2008-03-13
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25-rc7 1e0bd7550ea9 ("[PATCH] export sessionid alongside the loginuid in procfs")
+Contact: linux-audit@redhat.com
+Users: audit and login applications
+Description:
+ The /proc/$pid/sessionid pseudofile is read to get the
+ audit login session ID of process $pid as a decimal
+ unsigned int (%u, u32). It is set automatically,
+ serially assigned with each new login.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-acpi-pmprofile b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-acpi-pmprofile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cd55e421d921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-acpi-pmprofile
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/acpi/pm_profile
+Date: 03-Nov-2011
+KernelVersion: v3.2
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The ACPI pm_profile sysfs interface exposes the preferred
+ power management (and performance) profile of the platform
+ as provided in the ACPI FADT Preferred_PM_Profile field.
+
+ The integer value is directly passed as retrieved from the FADT.
+
+Values: For the possible values refer to the Preferred_PM_Profile field
+ definition in Table 5.9 "FADT Format", Section 5.2.9 "Fixed ACPI
+ Description Table (FADT)" of the ACPI specification.
+
+ As of ACPI 6.5, the following values are defined:
+
+ == =================
+ 0 Unspecified
+ 1 Desktop
+ 2 Mobile
+ 3 Workstation
+ 4 Enterprise Server
+ 5 SOHO Server
+ 6 Appliance PC
+ 7 Performance Server
+ 8 Tablet
+ >8 Reserved
+ == =================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-block b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-block
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0ed10aeff86b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-block
@@ -0,0 +1,881 @@
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/alignment_offset
+Date: April 2009
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Storage devices may report a physical block size that is
+ bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive
+ with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical
+ blocks to the operating system). This parameter
+ indicates how many bytes the beginning of the device is
+ offset from the disk's natural alignment.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/discard_alignment
+Date: May 2011
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Devices that support discard functionality may
+ internally allocate space in units that are bigger than
+ the exported logical block size. The discard_alignment
+ parameter indicates how many bytes the beginning of the
+ device is offset from the internal allocation unit's
+ natural alignment.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/atomic_write_max_bytes
+Date: February 2024
+Contact: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] This parameter specifies the maximum atomic write
+ size reported by the device. This parameter is relevant
+ for merging of writes, where a merged atomic write
+ operation must not exceed this number of bytes.
+ This parameter may be greater than the value in
+ atomic_write_unit_max_bytes as
+ atomic_write_unit_max_bytes will be rounded down to a
+ power-of-two and atomic_write_unit_max_bytes may also be
+ limited by some other queue limits, such as max_segments.
+ This parameter - along with atomic_write_unit_min_bytes
+ and atomic_write_unit_max_bytes - will not be larger than
+ max_hw_sectors_kb, but may be larger than max_sectors_kb.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/atomic_write_unit_min_bytes
+Date: February 2024
+Contact: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] This parameter specifies the smallest block which can
+ be written atomically with an atomic write operation. All
+ atomic write operations must begin at a
+ atomic_write_unit_min boundary and must be multiples of
+ atomic_write_unit_min. This value must be a power-of-two.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/atomic_write_unit_max_bytes
+Date: February 2024
+Contact: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] This parameter defines the largest block which can be
+ written atomically with an atomic write operation. This
+ value must be a multiple of atomic_write_unit_min and must
+ be a power-of-two. This value will not be larger than
+ atomic_write_max_bytes.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/atomic_write_boundary_bytes
+Date: February 2024
+Contact: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] A device may need to internally split an atomic write I/O
+ which straddles a given logical block address boundary. This
+ parameter specifies the size in bytes of the atomic boundary if
+ one is reported by the device. This value must be a
+ power-of-two and at least the size as in
+ atomic_write_unit_max_bytes.
+ Any attempt to merge atomic write I/Os must not result in a
+ merged I/O which crosses this boundary (if any).
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/diskseq
+Date: February 2021
+Contact: Matteo Croce <teknoraver@meta.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/block/<disk>/diskseq files reports the disk
+ sequence number, which is a monotonically increasing
+ number assigned to every drive.
+ Some devices, like the loop device, refresh such number
+ every time the backing file is changed.
+ The value type is 64 bit unsigned.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/inflight
+Date: October 2009
+Contact: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>, Nikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@suse.de>
+Description:
+ Reports the number of I/O requests currently in progress
+ (pending / in flight) in a device driver. This can be less
+ than the number of requests queued in the block device queue.
+ The report contains 2 fields: one for read requests
+ and one for write requests.
+ The value type is unsigned int.
+ Cf. Documentation/block/stat.rst which contains a single value for
+ requests in flight.
+ This is related to /sys/block/<disk>/queue/nr_requests
+ and for SCSI device also its queue_depth.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/device_is_integrity_capable
+Date: July 2014
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates whether a storage device is capable of storing
+ integrity metadata. Set if the device is T10 PI-capable.
+ This flag is set to 1 if the storage media is formatted
+ with T10 Protection Information. If the storage media is
+ not formatted with T10 Protection Information, this flag
+ is set to 0.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/format
+Date: June 2008
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Metadata format for integrity capable block device.
+ E.g. T10-DIF-TYPE1-CRC.
+ This field describes the type of T10 Protection Information
+ that the block device can send and receive.
+ If the device can store application integrity metadata but
+ no T10 Protection Information profile is used, this field
+ contains "nop".
+ If the device does not support integrity metadata, this
+ field contains "none".
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/protection_interval_bytes
+Date: July 2015
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Describes the number of data bytes which are protected
+ by one integrity tuple. Typically the device's logical
+ block size.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/read_verify
+Date: June 2008
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates whether the block layer should verify the
+ integrity of read requests serviced by devices that
+ support sending integrity metadata.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/tag_size
+Date: June 2008
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Number of bytes of integrity tag space available per
+ protection_interval_bytes, which is typically
+ the device's logical block size.
+ This field describes the size of the application tag
+ if the storage device is formatted with T10 Protection
+ Information and permits use of the application tag.
+ The tag_size is reported in bytes and indicates the
+ space available for adding an opaque tag to each block
+ (protection_interval_bytes).
+ If the device does not support T10 Protection Information
+ (even if the device provides application integrity
+ metadata space), this field is set to 0.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/write_generate
+Date: June 2008
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates whether the block layer should automatically
+ generate checksums for write requests bound for
+ devices that support receiving integrity metadata.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/partscan
+Date: May 2024
+Contact: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Description:
+ The /sys/block/<disk>/partscan files reports if partition
+ scanning is enabled for the disk. It returns "1" if partition
+ scanning is enabled, or "0" if not. The value type is a 32-bit
+ unsigned integer, but only "0" and "1" are valid values.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/alignment_offset
+Date: April 2009
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Storage devices may report a physical block size that is
+ bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive
+ with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical
+ blocks to the operating system). This parameter
+ indicates how many bytes the beginning of the partition
+ is offset from the disk's natural alignment.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/discard_alignment
+Date: May 2011
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Devices that support discard functionality may
+ internally allocate space in units that are bigger than
+ the exported logical block size. The discard_alignment
+ parameter indicates how many bytes the beginning of the
+ partition is offset from the internal allocation unit's
+ natural alignment.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/stat
+Date: February 2008
+Contact: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/stat files display the
+ I/O statistics of partition <partition>. The format is the
+ same as the format of /sys/block/<disk>/stat.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/add_random
+Date: June 2010
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] This file allows to turn off the disk entropy contribution.
+ Default value of this file is '1'(on).
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/chunk_sectors
+Date: September 2016
+Contact: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] chunk_sectors has different meaning depending on the type
+ of the disk. For a RAID device (dm-raid), chunk_sectors
+ indicates the size in 512B sectors of the RAID volume stripe
+ segment. For a zoned block device, either host-aware or
+ host-managed, chunk_sectors indicates the size in 512B sectors
+ of the zones of the device, with the eventual exception of the
+ last zone of the device which may be smaller.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/crypto/
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The presence of this subdirectory of /sys/block/<disk>/queue/
+ indicates that the device supports inline encryption. This
+ subdirectory contains files which describe the inline encryption
+ capabilities of the device. For more information about inline
+ encryption, refer to Documentation/block/inline-encryption.rst.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/crypto/hw_wrapped_keys
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] The presence of this file indicates that the device
+ supports hardware-wrapped inline encryption keys, i.e. key blobs
+ that can only be unwrapped and used by dedicated hardware. For
+ more information about hardware-wrapped inline encryption keys,
+ see Documentation/block/inline-encryption.rst.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/crypto/max_dun_bits
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] This file shows the maximum length, in bits, of data unit
+ numbers accepted by the device in inline encryption requests.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/crypto/modes/<mode>
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] For each crypto mode (i.e., encryption/decryption
+ algorithm) the device supports with inline encryption, a file
+ will exist at this location. It will contain a hexadecimal
+ number that is a bitmask of the supported data unit sizes, in
+ bytes, for that crypto mode.
+
+ Currently, the crypto modes that may be supported are:
+
+ * AES-256-XTS
+ * AES-128-CBC-ESSIV
+ * Adiantum
+
+ For example, if a device supports AES-256-XTS inline encryption
+ with data unit sizes of 512 and 4096 bytes, the file
+ /sys/block/<disk>/queue/crypto/modes/AES-256-XTS will exist and
+ will contain "0x1200".
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/crypto/num_keyslots
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] This file shows the number of keyslots the device has for
+ use with inline encryption.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/crypto/raw_keys
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] The presence of this file indicates that the device
+ supports raw inline encryption keys, i.e. keys that are managed
+ in raw, plaintext form in software.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/dax
+Date: June 2016
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] This file indicates whether the device supports Direct
+ Access (DAX), used by CPU-addressable storage to bypass the
+ pagecache. It shows '1' if true, '0' if not.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_granularity
+Date: May 2011
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] Devices that support discard functionality may internally
+ allocate space using units that are bigger than the logical
+ block size. The discard_granularity parameter indicates the size
+ of the internal allocation unit in bytes if reported by the
+ device. Otherwise the discard_granularity will be set to match
+ the device's physical block size. A discard_granularity of 0
+ means that the device does not support discard functionality.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_max_bytes
+Date: May 2011
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RW] While discard_max_hw_bytes is the hardware limit for the
+ device, this setting is the software limit. Some devices exhibit
+ large latencies when large discards are issued, setting this
+ value lower will make Linux issue smaller discards and
+ potentially help reduce latencies induced by large discard
+ operations.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_max_hw_bytes
+Date: July 2015
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] Devices that support discard functionality may have
+ internal limits on the number of bytes that can be trimmed or
+ unmapped in a single operation. The `discard_max_hw_bytes`
+ parameter is set by the device driver to the maximum number of
+ bytes that can be discarded in a single operation. Discard
+ requests issued to the device must not exceed this limit. A
+ `discard_max_hw_bytes` value of 0 means that the device does not
+ support discard functionality.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_zeroes_data
+Date: May 2011
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] Will always return 0. Don't rely on any specific behavior
+ for discards, and don't read this file.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/dma_alignment
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the alignment that user space addresses must have to be
+ used for raw block device access with O_DIRECT and other driver
+ specific passthrough mechanisms.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/fua
+Date: May 2018
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] Whether or not the block driver supports the FUA flag for
+ write requests. FUA stands for Force Unit Access. If the FUA
+ flag is set that means that write requests must bypass the
+ volatile cache of the storage device.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/hw_sector_size
+Date: January 2008
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] This is the hardware sector size of the device, in bytes.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/independent_access_ranges/
+Date: October 2021
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] The presence of this sub-directory of the
+ /sys/block/xxx/queue/ directory indicates that the device is
+ capable of executing requests targeting different sector ranges
+ in parallel. For instance, single LUN multi-actuator hard-disks
+ will have an independent_access_ranges directory if the device
+ correctly advertises the sector ranges of its actuators.
+
+ The independent_access_ranges directory contains one directory
+ per access range, with each range described using the sector
+ (RO) attribute file to indicate the first sector of the range
+ and the nr_sectors (RO) attribute file to indicate the total
+ number of sectors in the range starting from the first sector of
+ the range. For example, a dual-actuator hard-disk will have the
+ following independent_access_ranges entries.::
+
+ $ tree /sys/block/<disk>/queue/independent_access_ranges/
+ /sys/block/<disk>/queue/independent_access_ranges/
+ |-- 0
+ | |-- nr_sectors
+ | `-- sector
+ `-- 1
+ |-- nr_sectors
+ `-- sector
+
+ The sector and nr_sectors attributes use 512B sector unit,
+ regardless of the actual block size of the device. Independent
+ access ranges do not overlap and include all sectors within the
+ device capacity. The access ranges are numbered in increasing
+ order of the range start sector, that is, the sector attribute
+ of range 0 always has the value 0.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/io_poll
+Date: November 2015
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] When read, this file shows whether polling is enabled (1)
+ or disabled (0). Writing '0' to this file will disable polling
+ for this device. Writing any non-zero value will enable this
+ feature.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/io_poll_delay
+Date: November 2016
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] This was used to control what kind of polling will be
+ performed. It is now fixed to -1, which is classic polling.
+ In this mode, the CPU will repeatedly ask for completions
+ without giving up any time.
+ <deprecated>
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/io_timeout
+Date: November 2018
+Contact: Weiping Zhang <zhangweiping@didiglobal.com>
+Description:
+ [RW] io_timeout is the request timeout in milliseconds. If a
+ request does not complete in this time then the block driver
+ timeout handler is invoked. That timeout handler can decide to
+ retry the request, to fail it or to start a device recovery
+ strategy.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/iostats
+Date: January 2009
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] This file is used to control (on/off) the iostats
+ accounting of the disk.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/iostats_passthrough
+Date: October 2024
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] This file is used to control (on/off) the iostats
+ accounting of the disk for passthrough commands.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/logical_block_size
+Date: May 2009
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] This is the smallest unit the storage device can address.
+ It is typically 512 bytes.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_active_zones
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Niklas Cassel <niklas.cassel@wdc.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] For zoned block devices (zoned attribute indicating
+ "host-managed" or "host-aware"), the sum of zones belonging to
+ any of the zone states: EXPLICIT OPEN, IMPLICIT OPEN or CLOSED,
+ is limited by this value. If this value is 0, there is no limit.
+
+ If the host attempts to exceed this limit, the driver should
+ report this error with BLK_STS_ZONE_ACTIVE_RESOURCE, which user
+ space may see as the EOVERFLOW errno.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_discard_segments
+Date: February 2017
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] The maximum number of DMA scatter/gather entries in a
+ discard request.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_hw_sectors_kb
+Date: September 2004
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] This is the maximum number of kilobytes supported in a
+ single data transfer.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_integrity_segments
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] Maximum number of elements in a DMA scatter/gather list
+ with integrity data that will be submitted by the block layer
+ core to the associated block driver.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_open_zones
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Niklas Cassel <niklas.cassel@wdc.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] For zoned block devices (zoned attribute indicating
+ "host-managed" or "host-aware"), the sum of zones belonging to
+ any of the zone states: EXPLICIT OPEN or IMPLICIT OPEN, is
+ limited by this value. If this value is 0, there is no limit.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_sectors_kb
+Date: September 2004
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] This is the maximum number of kilobytes that the block
+ layer will allow for a filesystem request. Must be smaller than
+ or equal to the maximum size allowed by the hardware. Write 0
+ to use default kernel settings.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_segment_size
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] Maximum size in bytes of a single element in a DMA
+ scatter/gather list.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_write_streams
+Date: November 2024
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] Maximum number of write streams supported, 0 if not
+ supported. If supported, valid values are 1 through
+ max_write_streams, inclusive.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/write_stream_granularity
+Date: November 2024
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] Granularity of a write stream in bytes. The granularity
+ of a write stream is the size that should be discarded or
+ overwritten together to avoid write amplification in the device.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_segments
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] Maximum number of elements in a DMA scatter/gather list
+ that is submitted to the associated block driver.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/minimum_io_size
+Date: April 2009
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] Storage devices may report a granularity or preferred
+ minimum I/O size which is the smallest request the device can
+ perform without incurring a performance penalty. For disk
+ drives this is often the physical block size. For RAID arrays
+ it is often the stripe chunk size. A properly aligned multiple
+ of minimum_io_size is the preferred request size for workloads
+ where a high number of I/O operations is desired.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/nomerges
+Date: January 2010
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] Standard I/O elevator operations include attempts to merge
+ contiguous I/Os. For known random I/O loads these attempts will
+ always fail and result in extra cycles being spent in the
+ kernel. This allows one to turn off this behavior on one of two
+ ways: When set to 1, complex merge checks are disabled, but the
+ simple one-shot merges with the previous I/O request are
+ enabled. When set to 2, all merge tries are disabled. The
+ default value is 0 - which enables all types of merge tries.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/nr_requests
+Date: July 2003
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] This controls how many requests may be allocated in the
+ block layer. Noted this value only represents the quantity for a
+ single blk_mq_tags instance. The actual number for the entire
+ device depends on the hardware queue count, whether elevator is
+ enabled, and whether tags are shared.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/nr_zones
+Date: November 2018
+Contact: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] nr_zones indicates the total number of zones of a zoned
+ block device ("host-aware" or "host-managed" zone model). For
+ regular block devices, the value is always 0.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/optimal_io_size
+Date: April 2009
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] Storage devices may report an optimal I/O size, which is
+ the device's preferred unit for sustained I/O. This is rarely
+ reported for disk drives. For RAID arrays it is usually the
+ stripe width or the internal track size. A properly aligned
+ multiple of optimal_io_size is the preferred request size for
+ workloads where sustained throughput is desired. If no optimal
+ I/O size is reported this file contains 0.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/physical_block_size
+Date: May 2009
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] This is the smallest unit a physical storage device can
+ write atomically. It is usually the same as the logical block
+ size but may be bigger. One example is SATA drives with 4KB
+ sectors that expose a 512-byte logical block size to the
+ operating system. For stacked block devices the
+ physical_block_size variable contains the maximum
+ physical_block_size of the component devices.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/read_ahead_kb
+Date: May 2004
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] Maximum number of kilobytes to read-ahead for filesystems
+ on this block device.
+
+ For MADV_HUGEPAGE, the readahead size may exceed this setting
+ since its granularity is based on the hugepage size.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/rotational
+Date: January 2009
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] This file is used to stat if the device is of rotational
+ type or non-rotational type.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/rq_affinity
+Date: September 2008
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] If this option is '1', the block layer will migrate request
+ completions to the cpu "group" that originally submitted the
+ request. For some workloads this provides a significant
+ reduction in CPU cycles due to caching effects.
+
+ For storage configurations that need to maximize distribution of
+ completion processing setting this option to '2' forces the
+ completion to run on the requesting cpu (bypassing the "group"
+ aggregation logic).
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/scheduler
+Date: October 2004
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] When read, this file will display the current and available
+ IO schedulers for this block device. The currently active IO
+ scheduler will be enclosed in [] brackets. Writing an IO
+ scheduler name to this file will switch control of this block
+ device to that new IO scheduler. Note that writing an IO
+ scheduler name to this file will attempt to load that IO
+ scheduler module, if it isn't already present in the system.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/stable_writes
+Date: September 2020
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] This file will contain '1' if memory must not be modified
+ while it is being used in a write request to this device. When
+ this is the case and the kernel is performing writeback of a
+ page, the kernel will wait for writeback to complete before
+ allowing the page to be modified again, rather than allowing
+ immediate modification as is normally the case. This
+ restriction arises when the device accesses the memory multiple
+ times where the same data must be seen every time -- for
+ example, once to calculate a checksum and once to actually write
+ the data. If no such restriction exists, this file will contain
+ '0'. This file is writable for testing purposes.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/virt_boundary_mask
+Date: April 2021
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] This file shows the I/O segment memory alignment mask for
+ the block device. I/O requests to this device will be split
+ between segments wherever either the memory address of the end
+ of the previous segment or the memory address of the beginning
+ of the current segment is not aligned to virt_boundary_mask + 1
+ bytes.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/wbt_lat_usec
+Date: November 2016
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] If the device is registered for writeback throttling, then
+ this file shows the target minimum read latency. If this latency
+ is exceeded in a given window of time (see curr_win_nsec), then
+ the writeback throttling will start scaling back writes. Writing
+ a value of '0' to this file disables the feature. Writing a
+ value of '-1' to this file resets the value to the default
+ setting.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/write_cache
+Date: April 2016
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RW] When read, this file will display whether the device has
+ write back caching enabled or not. It will return "write back"
+ for the former case, and "write through" for the latter. Writing
+ to this file can change the kernels view of the device, but it
+ doesn't alter the device state. This means that it might not be
+ safe to toggle the setting from "write back" to "write through",
+ since that will also eliminate cache flushes issued by the
+ kernel.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/write_same_max_bytes
+Date: January 2012
+Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] Some devices support a write same operation in which a
+ single data block can be written to a range of several
+ contiguous blocks on storage. This can be used to wipe areas on
+ disk or to initialize drives in a RAID configuration.
+ write_same_max_bytes indicates how many bytes can be written in
+ a single write same command. If write_same_max_bytes is 0, write
+ same is not supported by the device.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/write_zeroes_max_bytes
+Date: November 2016
+Contact: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] Devices that support write zeroes operation in which a
+ single request can be issued to zero out the range of contiguous
+ blocks on storage without having any payload in the request.
+ This can be used to optimize writing zeroes to the devices.
+ write_zeroes_max_bytes indicates how many bytes can be written
+ in a single write zeroes command. If write_zeroes_max_bytes is
+ 0, write zeroes is not supported by the device.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/write_zeroes_unmap_max_hw_bytes
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] This file indicates whether a device supports zeroing data
+ in a specified block range without incurring the cost of
+ physically writing zeroes to the media for each individual
+ block. If this parameter is set to write_zeroes_max_bytes, the
+ device implements a zeroing operation which opportunistically
+ avoids writing zeroes to media while still guaranteeing that
+ subsequent reads from the specified block range will return
+ zeroed data. This operation is a best-effort optimization, a
+ device may fall back to physically writing zeroes to the media
+ due to other factors such as misalignment or being asked to
+ clear a block range smaller than the device's internal
+ allocation unit. If this parameter is set to 0, the device may
+ have to write each logical block media during a zeroing
+ operation.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/write_zeroes_unmap_max_bytes
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
+Description:
+ [RW] While write_zeroes_unmap_max_hw_bytes is the hardware limit
+ for the device, this setting is the software limit. Since the
+ unmap write zeroes operation is a best-effort optimization, some
+ devices may still physically writing zeroes to media. So the
+ speed of this operation is not guaranteed. Writing a value of
+ '0' to this file disables this operation. Otherwise, this
+ parameter should be equal to write_zeroes_unmap_max_hw_bytes.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/zone_append_max_bytes
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] This is the maximum number of bytes that can be written to
+ a sequential zone of a zoned block device using a zone append
+ write operation (REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND). This value is always 0 for
+ regular block devices.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/zone_write_granularity
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] This indicates the alignment constraint, in bytes, for
+ write operations in sequential zones of zoned block devices
+ (devices with a zoned attributed that reports "host-managed" or
+ "host-aware"). This value is always 0 for regular block devices.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/zoned
+Date: September 2016
+Contact: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
+Description:
+ [RO] zoned indicates if the device is a zoned block device and
+ the zone model of the device if it is indeed zoned. The
+ possible values indicated by zoned are "none" for regular block
+ devices and "host-aware" or "host-managed" for zoned block
+ devices. The characteristics of host-aware and host-managed
+ zoned block devices are described in the ZBC (Zoned Block
+ Commands) and ZAC (Zoned Device ATA Command Set) standards.
+ These standards also define the "drive-managed" zone model.
+ However, since drive-managed zoned block devices do not support
+ zone commands, they will be treated as regular block devices and
+ zoned will report "none".
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/hidden
+Date: March 2023
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [RO] the block device is hidden. it doesn’t produce events, and
+ can’t be opened from userspace or using blkdev_get*.
+ Used for the underlying components of multipath devices.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/stat
+Date: February 2008
+Contact: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/block/<disk>/stat files displays the I/O
+ statistics of disk <disk>. They contain 11 fields:
+
+ == ==============================================
+ 1 reads completed successfully
+ 2 reads merged
+ 3 sectors read
+ 4 time spent reading (ms)
+ 5 writes completed
+ 6 writes merged
+ 7 sectors written
+ 8 time spent writing (ms)
+ 9 I/Os currently in progress
+ 10 time spent doing I/Os (ms)
+ 11 weighted time spent doing I/Os (ms)
+ 12 discards completed
+ 13 discards merged
+ 14 sectors discarded
+ 15 time spent discarding (ms)
+ 16 flush requests completed
+ 17 time spent flushing (ms)
+ == ==============================================
+
+ For more details refer Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-firewire b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-firewire
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9ac9eddb82ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-firewire
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+What: /sys/bus/firewire/devices/fw[0-9]+/
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ IEEE 1394 node device attributes.
+ Read-only. Mutable during the node device's lifetime.
+ See IEEE 1212 for semantic definitions.
+
+ config_rom
+ Contents of the Configuration ROM register.
+ Binary attribute; an array of host-endian u32.
+
+ guid
+ The node's EUI-64 in the bus information block of
+ Configuration ROM.
+ Hexadecimal string representation of an u64.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/firewire/devices/fw[0-9]+/units
+Date: June 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ IEEE 1394 node device attribute.
+ Read-only. Mutable during the node device's lifetime.
+ See IEEE 1212 for semantic definitions.
+
+ units
+ Summary of all units present in an IEEE 1394 node.
+ Contains space-separated tuples of specifier_id and
+ version of each unit present in the node. Specifier_id
+ and version are hexadecimal string representations of
+ u24 of the respective unit directory entries.
+ Specifier_id and version within each tuple are separated
+ by a colon.
+
+Users: udev rules to set ownership and access permissions or ACLs of
+ /dev/fw[0-9]+ character device files
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/firewire/devices/fw[0-9]+/is_local
+Date: July 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.6
+Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ IEEE 1394 node device attribute.
+ Read-only and immutable.
+Values: 1: The sysfs entry represents a local node (a controller card).
+
+ 0: The sysfs entry represents a remote node.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/firewire/devices/fw[0-9]+[.][0-9]+/
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ IEEE 1394 unit device attributes.
+ Read-only. Immutable during the unit device's lifetime.
+ See IEEE 1212 for semantic definitions.
+
+ modalias
+ Same as MODALIAS in the uevent at device creation.
+
+ rom_index
+ Offset of the unit directory within the parent device's
+ (node device's) Configuration ROM, in quadlets.
+ Decimal string representation.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/firewire/devices/*/
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ Attributes common to IEEE 1394 node devices and unit devices.
+ Read-only. Mutable during the node device's lifetime.
+ Immutable during the unit device's lifetime.
+ See IEEE 1212 for semantic definitions.
+
+ These attributes are only created if the root directory of an
+ IEEE 1394 node or the unit directory of an IEEE 1394 unit
+ actually contains according entries.
+
+ hardware_version
+ Hexadecimal string representation of an u24.
+
+ hardware_version_name
+ Contents of a respective textual descriptor leaf.
+
+ model
+ Hexadecimal string representation of an u24.
+
+ model_name
+ Contents of a respective textual descriptor leaf.
+
+ specifier_id
+ Hexadecimal string representation of an u24.
+ Mandatory in unit directories according to IEEE 1212.
+
+ vendor
+ Hexadecimal string representation of an u24.
+ Mandatory in the root directory according to IEEE 1212.
+
+ vendor_name
+ Contents of a respective textual descriptor leaf.
+
+ version
+ Hexadecimal string representation of an u24.
+ Mandatory in unit directories according to IEEE 1212.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/firewire/drivers/sbp2/fw*/host*/target*/*:*:*:*/ieee1394_id
+ formerly
+ /sys/bus/ieee1394/drivers/sbp2/fw*/host*/target*/*:*:*:*/ieee1394_id
+Date: Feb 2004
+KernelVersion: 2.6.4
+Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ SCSI target port identifier and logical unit identifier of a
+ logical unit of an SBP-2 target. The identifiers are specified
+ in SAM-2...SAM-4 annex A. They are persistent and world-wide
+ unique properties the SBP-2 attached target.
+
+ Read-only attribute, immutable during the target's lifetime.
+ Format, as exposed by firewire-sbp2 since 2.6.22, May 2007:
+ Colon-separated hexadecimal string representations of
+
+ u64 EUI-64 : u24 directory_ID : u16 LUN
+
+ without 0x prefixes, without whitespace. The former sbp2 driver
+ (removed in 2.6.37 after being superseded by firewire-sbp2) used
+ a somewhat shorter format which was not as close to SAM.
+
+Users: udev rules to create /dev/disk/by-id/ symlinks
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-fsl-mc b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-fsl-mc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..58f06c7eeed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-fsl-mc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /sys/bus/fsl-mc/rescan
+Date: January 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Ioana Ciornei <ioana.ciornei@nxp.com>
+Description: Writing a non-zero value to this attribute will
+ force a rescan of fsl-mc bus in the system and
+ synchronize the objects under fsl-mc bus and the
+ Management Complex firmware.
+Users: Userspace drivers and management tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/fsl-mc/autorescan
+Date: January 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Ioana Ciornei <ioana.ciornei@nxp.com>
+Description: Writing a zero value to this attribute will
+ disable the DPRC IRQs on which automatic rescan
+ of the fsl-mc bus is performed. A non-zero value
+ will enable the DPRC IRQs.
+Users: Userspace drivers and management tools
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-mhi b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-mhi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8b9698fa0beb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-mhi
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+What: /sys/bus/mhi/devices/.../serialnumber
+Date: Sept 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: mhi@lists.linux.dev
+Description: The file holds the serial number of the client device obtained
+ using a BHI (Boot Host Interface) register read after at least
+ one attempt to power up the device has been done. If read
+ without having the device power on at least once, the file will
+ read all 0's.
+Users: Any userspace application or clients interested in device info.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mhi/devices/.../oem_pk_hash
+Date: Sept 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: mhi@lists.linux.dev
+Description: The file holds the OEM PK Hash value of the endpoint device
+ obtained using a BHI (Boot Host Interface) register read after
+ at least one attempt to power up the device has been done. If
+ read without having the device power on at least once, the file
+ will read all 0's.
+Users: Any userspace application or clients interested in device info.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mhi/devices/.../soc_reset
+Date: April 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: mhi@lists.linux.dev
+Description: Initiates a SoC reset on the MHI controller. A SoC reset is
+ a reset of last resort, and will require a complete re-init.
+ This can be useful as a method of recovery if the device is
+ non-responsive, or as a means of loading new firmware as a
+ system administration task.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mhi/devices/.../trigger_edl
+Date: April 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.10
+Contact: mhi@lists.linux.dev
+Description: Writing a non-zero value to this file will force devices to
+ enter EDL (Emergency Download) mode. This entry only exists for
+ devices capable of entering the EDL mode using the standard EDL
+ triggering mechanism defined in the MHI spec v1.2. Once in EDL
+ mode, the flash programmer image can be downloaded to the
+ device to enter the flash programmer execution environment.
+ This can be useful if user wants to use QDL (Qualcomm Download,
+ which is used to download firmware over EDL) to update firmware.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-nvmem b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-nvmem
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0ae8cb074acf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-nvmem
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+What: /sys/bus/nvmem/devices/.../force_ro
+Date: June 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Vasut <marex@denx.de>
+Description:
+ This read/write attribute allows users to set read-write
+ devices as read-only and back to read-write from userspace.
+ This can be used to unlock and relock write-protection of
+ devices which are generally locked, except during sporadic
+ programming operation.
+ Read returns '0' or '1' for read-write or read-only modes
+ respectively.
+ Write parses one of 'YyTt1NnFf0', or [oO][NnFf] for "on"
+ and "off", i.e. what kstrtobool() supports.
+ Note: This file is only present if CONFIG_NVMEM_SYSFS
+ is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/bus/nvmem/devices/.../nvmem
+Date: July 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Srinivas Kandagatla <srinivas.kandagatla@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ This file allows user to read/write the raw NVMEM contents.
+ Permissions for write to this file depends on the nvmem
+ provider configuration.
+ Note: This file is only present if CONFIG_NVMEM_SYSFS
+ is enabled
+
+ ex::
+
+ hexdump /sys/bus/nvmem/devices/qfprom0/nvmem
+
+ 0000000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+ *
+ 00000a0 db10 2240 0000 e000 0c00 0c00 0000 0c00
+ 0000000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+ ...
+ *
+ 0001000
+
+What: /sys/bus/nvmem/devices/.../type
+Date: November 2018
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
+Description:
+ This read-only attribute allows user to read the NVMEM
+ device type. Supported types are "Unknown", "EEPROM",
+ "OTP", "Battery backed", "FRAM".
+ Note: This file is only present if CONFIG_NVMEM_SYSFS
+ is enabled.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-usb b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-usb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cad4bc232520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-usb
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/persist
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.23
+Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
+Description:
+ USB device directories can contain a file named power/persist.
+ The file holds a boolean value (0 or 1) indicating whether or
+ not the "USB-Persist" facility is enabled for the device. For
+ hubs this facility is always enabled and their device
+ directories will not contain this file.
+
+ For more information, see Documentation/driver-api/usb/persist.rst.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/autosuspend
+Date: March 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.21
+Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
+Description:
+ Each USB device directory will contain a file named
+ power/autosuspend. This file holds the time (in seconds)
+ the device must be idle before it will be autosuspended.
+ 0 means the device will be autosuspended as soon as
+ possible. Negative values will prevent the device from
+ being autosuspended at all, and writing a negative value
+ will resume the device if it is already suspended.
+
+ The autosuspend delay for newly-created devices is set to
+ the value of the usbcore.autosuspend module parameter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/device/.../power/connected_duration
+Date: January 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@intel.com>
+Description:
+ If CONFIG_PM is enabled, then this file is present. When read,
+ it returns the total time (in msec) that the USB device has been
+ connected to the machine. This file is read-only.
+Users:
+ PowerTOP <powertop@lists.01.org>
+ https://01.org/powertop/
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/device/.../power/active_duration
+Date: January 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@intel.com>
+Description:
+ If CONFIG_PM is enabled, then this file is present. When read,
+ it returns the total time (in msec) that the USB device has been
+ active, i.e. not in a suspended state. This file is read-only.
+
+ Tools can use this file and the connected_duration file to
+ compute the percentage of time that a device has been active.
+ For example::
+
+ echo $((100 * `cat active_duration` / `cat connected_duration`))
+
+ will give an integer percentage. Note that this does not
+ account for counter wrap.
+Users:
+ PowerTOP <powertop@lists.01.org>
+ https://01.org/powertop/
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<port[.port]>...:<config num>-<interface num>/supports_autosuspend
+Date: January 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.27
+Contact: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@intel.com>
+Description:
+ When read, this file returns 1 if the interface driver
+ for this interface supports autosuspend. It also
+ returns 1 if no driver has claimed this interface, as an
+ unclaimed interface will not stop the device from being
+ autosuspended if all other interface drivers are idle.
+ The file returns 0 if autosuspend support has not been
+ added to the driver.
+Users:
+ USB PM tool
+ git://git.moblin.org/users/sarah/usb-pm-tool/
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/device/.../avoid_reset_quirk
+Date: December 2009
+Contact: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
+Description:
+ Writing 1 to this file tells the kernel that this
+ device will morph into another mode when it is reset.
+ Drivers will not use reset for error handling for
+ such devices.
+Users:
+ usb_modeswitch
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../devnum
+KernelVersion: since at least 2.6.18
+Description:
+ Device address on the USB bus.
+Users:
+ libusb
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../bConfigurationValue
+KernelVersion: since at least 2.6.18
+Description:
+ bConfigurationValue of the *active* configuration for the
+ device. Writing 0 or -1 to bConfigurationValue will reset the
+ active configuration (unconfigure the device). Writing
+ another value will change the active configuration.
+
+ Note that some devices, in violation of the USB spec, have a
+ configuration with a value equal to 0. Writing 0 to
+ bConfigurationValue for these devices will install that
+ configuration, rather then unconfigure the device.
+
+ Writing -1 will always unconfigure the device.
+Users:
+ libusb
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../busnum
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Description:
+ Bus-number of the USB-bus the device is connected to.
+Users:
+ libusb
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../descriptors
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Description:
+ Binary file containing cached descriptors of the device. The
+ binary data consists of the device descriptor followed by the
+ descriptors for each configuration of the device.
+ Note that the wTotalLength of the config descriptors can not
+ be trusted, as the device may have a smaller config descriptor
+ than it advertises. The bLength field of each (sub) descriptor
+ can be trusted, and can be used to seek forward one (sub)
+ descriptor at a time until the next config descriptor is found.
+ All descriptors read from this file are in bus-endian format
+Users:
+ libusb
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../speed
+KernelVersion: since at least 2.6.18
+Description:
+ Speed the device is connected with to the usb-host in
+ Mbit / second. IE one of 1.5 / 12 / 480 / 5000.
+Users:
+ libusb
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-vmbus b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-vmbus
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3066feae1d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-vmbus
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/hibernation
+Date: Jan 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Dexuan Cui <decui@microsoft.com>
+Description: Whether the host supports hibernation for the VM.
+Users: Daemon that sets up swap partition/file for hibernation.
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/id
+Date: Jul 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com>
+Description: The VMBus child_relid of the device's primary channel
+Users: tools/hv/lsvmbus
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/class_id
+Date: Jul 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com>
+Description: The VMBus interface type GUID of the device
+Users: tools/hv/lsvmbus
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/device_id
+Date: Jul 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com>
+Description: The VMBus interface instance GUID of the device
+Users: tools/hv/lsvmbus
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channel_vp_mapping
+Date: Jul 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2.0
+Contact: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com>
+Description: The mapping of which primary/sub channels are bound to which
+ Virtual Processors.
+ Format: <channel's child_relid:the bound cpu's number>
+Users: tools/hv/lsvmbus
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/device
+Date: Dec. 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.5
+Contact: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com>
+Description: The 16 bit device ID of the device
+Users: tools/hv/lsvmbus and user level RDMA libraries
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/vendor
+Date: Dec. 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.5
+Contact: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com>
+Description: The 16 bit vendor ID of the device
+Users: tools/hv/lsvmbus and user level RDMA libraries
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/numa_node
+Date: Jul 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: This NUMA node to which the VMBUS device is
+ attached, or -1 if the node is unknown.
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>
+Date: September. 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Directory for per-channel information
+ NN is the VMBUS relid associated with the channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/cpu
+Date: September. 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: VCPU (sub)channel is affinitized to
+Users: tools/hv/lsvmbus and other debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/in_mask
+Date: September. 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Host to guest channel interrupt mask
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/latency
+Date: September. 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Channel signaling latency. This file is available only for
+ performance critical channels (storage, network, etc.) that use
+ the monitor page mechanism.
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/out_mask
+Date: September. 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Guest to host channel interrupt mask
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/pending
+Date: September. 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Channel interrupt pending state. This file is available only for
+ performance critical channels (storage, network, etc.) that use
+ the monitor page mechanism.
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/read_avail
+Date: September. 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Bytes available to read
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/write_avail
+Date: September. 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Bytes available to write
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/events
+Date: September. 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Number of times we have signaled the host
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/interrupts
+Date: September. 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Number of times we have taken an interrupt (incoming)
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/subchannel_id
+Date: January. 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Subchannel ID associated with VMBUS channel
+Users: Debugging tools and userspace drivers
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/monitor_id
+Date: January. 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Monitor bit associated with channel. This file is available only
+ for performance critical channels (storage, network, etc.) that
+ use the monitor page mechanism.
+Users: Debugging tools and userspace drivers
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/ring
+Date: January. 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description: Binary file created by uio_hv_generic for ring buffer
+Users: Userspace drivers
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/intr_in_full
+Date: February 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: Michael Kelley <mikelley@microsoft.com>
+Description: Number of guest to host interrupts caused by the inbound ring
+ buffer transitioning from full to not full while a packet is
+ waiting for buffer space to become available
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/intr_out_empty
+Date: February 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: Michael Kelley <mikelley@microsoft.com>
+Description: Number of guest to host interrupts caused by the outbound ring
+ buffer transitioning from empty to not empty
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/out_full_first
+Date: February 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: Michael Kelley <mikelley@microsoft.com>
+Description: Number of write operations that were the first to encounter an
+ outbound ring buffer full condition
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/<UUID>/channels/<N>/out_full_total
+Date: February 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: Michael Kelley <mikelley@microsoft.com>
+Description: Total number of write operations that encountered an outbound
+ ring buffer full condition
+Users: Debugging tools
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-w1 b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-w1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5cd5e872bcae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-w1
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../w1_master_timeout_us
+Date: April 2015
+Contact: Dmitry Khromov <dk@icelogic.net>
+Description: Bus scanning interval, microseconds component.
+ Some of 1-Wire devices commonly associated with physical access
+ control systems are attached/generate presence for as short as
+ 100 ms - hence the tens-to-hundreds milliseconds scan intervals
+ are required.
+
+ see Documentation/w1/w1-generic.rst for detailed information.
+Users: any user space application which wants to know bus scanning
+ interval
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-xen-backend b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-xen-backend
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..480a89edfa05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-xen-backend
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/*/devtype
+Date: Feb 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ The type of the device. e.g., one of: 'vbd' (block),
+ 'vif' (network), or 'vfb' (framebuffer).
+
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/*/nodename
+Date: Feb 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ XenStore node (under /local/domain/NNN/) for this
+ backend device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/vbd-*/physical_device
+Date: April 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ The major:minor number (in hexadecimal) of the
+ physical device providing the storage for this backend
+ block device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/vbd-*/mode
+Date: April 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Whether the block device is read-only ('r') or
+ read-write ('w').
+
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/vbd-*/statistics/f_req
+Date: April 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Number of flush requests from the frontend.
+
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/vbd-*/statistics/oo_req
+Date: April 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Number of requests delayed because the backend was too
+ busy processing previous requests.
+
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/vbd-*/statistics/rd_req
+Date: April 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Number of read requests from the frontend.
+
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/vbd-*/statistics/rd_sect
+Date: April 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Number of sectors read by the frontend.
+
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/vbd-*/statistics/wr_req
+Date: April 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Number of write requests from the frontend.
+
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/vbd-*/statistics/wr_sect
+Date: April 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Number of sectors written by the frontend.
+
+What: /sys/bus/xen-backend/devices/*/state
+Date: August 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Joe Jin <joe.jin@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ The state of the device. One of: 'Unknown',
+ 'Initialising', 'Initialised', 'Connected', 'Closing',
+ 'Closed', 'Reconfiguring', 'Reconfigured'.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-backlight b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-backlight
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..40b8c46b95b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-backlight
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/bl_power
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Control BACKLIGHT power, values are compatible with
+ FB_BLANK_* from fb.h
+
+ - 0 (FB_BLANK_UNBLANK) : power on.
+ - 4 (FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN) : power off
+Users: HAL
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/brightness
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Control the brightness for this <backlight>. Values
+ are between 0 and max_brightness. This file will also
+ show the brightness level stored in the driver, which
+ may not be the actual brightness (see actual_brightness).
+Users: HAL
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/actual_brightness
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Show the actual brightness by querying the hardware. Due
+ to implementation differences in hardware this may not
+ match the value in 'brightness'. For example some hardware
+ may treat blanking differently or have custom power saving
+ features. Userspace should generally use the values in
+ 'brightness' to make decisions.
+Users: HAL
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/max_brightness
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Maximum brightness for <backlight>.
+Users: HAL
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/type
+Date: September 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ The type of interface controlled by <backlight>.
+ "firmware": The driver uses a standard firmware interface
+ "platform": The driver uses a platform-specific interface
+ "raw": The driver controls hardware registers directly
+
+ In the general case, when multiple backlight
+ interfaces are available for a single device, firmware
+ control should be preferred to platform control should
+ be preferred to raw control. Using a firmware
+ interface reduces the probability of confusion with
+ the hardware and the OS independently updating the
+ backlight state. Platform interfaces are mostly a
+ holdover from pre-standardisation of firmware
+ interfaces.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-bluetooth b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-bluetooth
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..36be02471174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-bluetooth
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/class/bluetooth/hci<index>/reset
+Date: 14-Jan-2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: linux-bluetooth@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This write-only attribute allows users to trigger the vendor reset
+ method on the Bluetooth device when arbitrary data is written.
+ The reset may or may not be done through the device transport
+ (e.g., UART/USB), and can also be done through an out-of-band
+ approach such as GPIO.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-infiniband b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-infiniband
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..694f23a03a28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-infiniband
@@ -0,0 +1,784 @@
+sysfs interface common for all infiniband devices
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/node_type
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/node_guid
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/sys_image_guid
+Date: Apr, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.12
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ =============== ===========================================
+ node_type: (RO) Node type (CA, RNIC, usNIC, usNIC UDP,
+ switch or router)
+
+ node_guid: (RO) Node GUID
+
+ sys_image_guid: (RO) System image GUID
+ =============== ===========================================
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/node_desc
+Date: Feb, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Update the node description with information such as the
+ node's hostname, so that IB network management software can tie
+ its view to the real world.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/fw_ver
+Date: Jun, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Display firmware version
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/lid
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/rate
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/lid_mask_count
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/sm_sl
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/sm_lid
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/state
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/phys_state
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/cap_mask
+Date: Apr, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.12
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ =============== ===============================================
+ lid: (RO) Port LID
+
+ rate: (RO) Port data rate (active width * active
+ speed)
+
+ lid_mask_count: (RO) Port LID mask count
+
+ sm_sl: (RO) Subnet manager SL for port's subnet
+
+ sm_lid: (RO) Subnet manager LID for port's subnet
+
+ state: (RO) Port state (DOWN, INIT, ARMED, ACTIVE or
+ ACTIVE_DEFER)
+
+ phys_state: (RO) Port physical state (Sleep, Polling,
+ LinkUp, etc)
+
+ cap_mask: (RO) Port capability mask. 2 bits here are
+ settable- IsCommunicationManagementSupported
+ (set when CM module is loaded) and IsSM (set
+ via open of issmN file).
+ =============== ===============================================
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/link_layer
+Date: Oct, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Link layer type information (Infiniband or Ethernet type)
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/symbol_error
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_rcv_errors
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_rcv_remote_physical_errors
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_rcv_switch_relay_errors
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/link_error_recovery
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_xmit_constraint_errors
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_rcv_contraint_errors
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/local_link_integrity_errors
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/excessive_buffer_overrun_errors
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_xmit_data
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_rcv_data
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_xmit_packets
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_rcv_packets
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/unicast_rcv_packets
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/unicast_xmit_packets
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/multicast_rcv_packets
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/multicast_xmit_packets
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/link_downed
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_xmit_discards
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/VL15_dropped
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device>/ports/<port-num>/counters/port_xmit_wait
+Date: Apr, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.12
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ **Errors info**:
+
+ symbol_error: (RO) Total number of minor link errors detected on
+ one or more physical lanes.
+
+ port_rcv_errors : (RO) Total number of packets containing an
+ error that were received on the port.
+
+ port_rcv_remote_physical_errors : (RO) Total number of packets
+ marked with the EBP delimiter received on the port.
+
+ port_rcv_switch_relay_errors : (RO) Total number of packets
+ received on the port that were discarded because they could not
+ be forwarded by the switch relay.
+
+ link_error_recovery: (RO) Total number of times the Port
+ Training state machine has successfully completed the link error
+ recovery process.
+
+ port_xmit_constraint_errors: (RO) Total number of packets not
+ transmitted from the switch physical port due to outbound raw
+ filtering or failing outbound partition or IP version check.
+
+ port_rcv_constraint_errors: (RO) Total number of packets
+ received on the switch physical port that are discarded due to
+ inbound raw filtering or failing inbound partition or IP version
+ check.
+
+ local_link_integrity_errors: (RO) The number of times that the
+ count of local physical errors exceeded the threshold specified
+ by LocalPhyErrors
+
+ excessive_buffer_overrun_errors: (RO) This counter, indicates an
+ input buffer overrun. It indicates possible misconfiguration of
+ a port, either by the Subnet Manager (SM) or by user
+ intervention. It can also indicate hardware issues or extremely
+ poor link signal integrity
+
+ **Data info**:
+
+ port_xmit_data: (RO) Total number of data octets, divided by 4
+ (lanes), transmitted on all VLs. This is 64 bit counter
+
+ port_rcv_data: (RO) Total number of data octets, divided by 4
+ (lanes), received on all VLs. This is 64 bit counter.
+
+ port_xmit_packets: (RO) Total number of packets transmitted on
+ all VLs from this port. This may include packets with errors.
+ This is 64 bit counter.
+
+ port_rcv_packets: (RO) Total number of packets (this may include
+ packets containing Errors. This is 64 bit counter.
+
+ link_downed: (RO) Total number of times the Port Training state
+ machine has failed the link error recovery process and downed
+ the link.
+
+ unicast_rcv_packets: (RO) Total number of unicast packets,
+ including unicast packets containing errors.
+
+ unicast_xmit_packets: (RO) Total number of unicast packets
+ transmitted on all VLs from the port. This may include unicast
+ packets with errors.
+
+ multicast_rcv_packets: (RO) Total number of multicast packets,
+ including multicast packets containing errors.
+
+ multicast_xmit_packets: (RO) Total number of multicast packets
+ transmitted on all VLs from the port. This may include multicast
+ packets with errors.
+
+ **Misc info**:
+
+ port_xmit_discards: (RO) Total number of outbound packets
+ discarded by the port because the port is down or congested.
+
+ VL15_dropped: (RO) Number of incoming VL15 packets dropped due
+ to resource limitations (e.g., lack of buffers) of the port.
+
+ port_xmit_wait: (RO) The number of ticks during which the port
+ had data to transmit but no data was sent during the entire tick
+ (either because of insufficient credits or because of lack of
+ arbitration).
+
+ Each of these files contains the corresponding value from the
+ port's Performance Management PortCounters attribute, as
+ described in the InfiniBand Architecture Specification.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device-name>/hw_counters/lifespan
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<device-name>/ports/<port-num>/hw_counters/lifespan
+Date: May, 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The optional "hw_counters" subdirectory can be under either the
+ parent device or the port subdirectories or both. If present,
+ there are a list of counters provided by the hardware. They may
+ match some of the counters in the counters directory, but they
+ often include many other counters. In addition to the various
+ counters, there will be a file named "lifespan" that configures
+ how frequently the core should update the counters when they are
+ being accessed (counters are not updated if they are not being
+ accessed). The lifespan is in milliseconds and defaults to 10
+ unless set to something else by the driver. Users may echo a
+ value between 0-10000 to the lifespan file to set the length
+ of time between updates in milliseconds.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<hca>/ports/<port-number>/gid_attrs/ndevs/<gid-index>
+Date: November 29, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4.0
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The net-device's name associated with the GID resides
+ at index <gid-index>.
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/<hca>/ports/<port-number>/gid_attrs/types/<gid-index>
+Date: November 29, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4.0
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The RoCE type of the associated GID resides at index <gid-index>.
+ This could either be "IB/RoCE v1" for IB and RoCE v1 based GIDs
+ or "RoCE v2" for RoCE v2 based GIDs.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_mad/umad<N>/ibdev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_mad/umad<N>/port
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_mad/issm<N>/ibdev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_mad/issm<N>/port
+Date: Apr, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.12
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Each port of each InfiniBand device has a "umad" device and an
+ "issm" device attached. For example, a two-port HCA will have
+ two umad devices and two issm devices, while a switch will have
+ one device of each type (for switch port 0).
+
+ ======= =====================================
+ ibdev: (RO) Show Infiniband (IB) device name
+
+ port: (RO) Display port number
+ ======= =====================================
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_mad/abi_version
+Date: Apr, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.12
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Value is incremented if any changes are made that break
+ userspace ABI compatibility of umad & issm devices.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_verbs/uverbs<N>/ibdev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_verbs/uverbs<N>/abi_version
+Date: Sept, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.14
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ =============== ===========================================
+ ibdev: (RO) Display Infiniband (IB) device name
+
+ abi_version: (RO) Show ABI version of IB device specific
+ interfaces.
+ =============== ===========================================
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_verbs/abi_version
+Date: Sep, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.14
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Value is incremented if any changes are made that break
+ userspace ABI compatibility of uverbs devices.
+
+
+sysfs interface for Mellanox IB HCA low-level driver (mthca)
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mthcaX/hw_rev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mthcaX/hca_type
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mthcaX/board_id
+Date: Apr, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.12
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ =============== ================================================
+ hw_rev: (RO) Hardware revision number
+
+ hca_type: (RO) Host Channel Adapter type: MT23108, MT25208
+ (MT23108 compat mode), MT25208 or MT25204
+
+ board_id: (RO) Manufacturing board ID
+ =============== ================================================
+
+
+sysfs interface for Mellanox ConnectX HCA IB driver (mlx4)
+----------------------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/hw_rev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/hca_type
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/board_id
+Date: Sep, 2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.24
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ =============== ===============================
+ hw_rev: (RO) Hardware revision number
+
+ hca_type: (RO) Host channel adapter type
+
+ board_id: (RO) Manufacturing board ID
+ =============== ===============================
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/iov/ports/<port-num>/gids/<n>
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/iov/ports/<port-num>/admin_guids/<n>
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/iov/ports/<port-num>/pkeys/<n>
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/iov/ports/<port-num>/mcgs/
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/iov/ports/<pci-slot-num>/ports/<m>/gid_idx/0
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/iov/ports/<pci-slot-num>/ports/<m>/pkey_idx/<n>
+Date: Aug, 2012
+KernelVersion: v3.6.15
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The sysfs iov directory is used to manage and examine the port
+ P_Key and guid paravirtualization. This directory is added only
+ for the master -- slaves do not have it.
+
+ Under iov/ports, the administrator may examine the gid and P_Key
+ tables as they are present in the device (and as are seen in the
+ "network view" presented to the SM).
+
+ The "pkeys" and "gids" subdirectories contain one file for each
+ entry in the port's P_Key or GID table respectively. For
+ example, ports/1/pkeys/10 contains the value at index 10 in port
+ 1's P_Key table.
+
+ ======================= ==========================================
+ gids/<n>: (RO) The physical port gids n = 0..127
+
+ admin_guids/<n>: (RW) Allows examining or changing the
+ administrative state of a given GUID
+ n = 0..127
+
+ pkeys/<n>: (RO) Displays the contents of the physical
+ key table n = 0..126
+
+ mcgs/: (RO) Multicast group table
+
+ <m>/gid_idx/0: (RO) Display the GID mapping m = 1..2
+
+ <m>/pkey_idx/<n>: (RW) Writable except for RoCE pkeys.
+ m = 1..2, n = 0..126
+
+ Under the iov/<pci slot number>
+ directories, the admin may map the index
+ numbers in the physical tables (as under
+ iov/ports) to the paravirtualized index
+ numbers that guests see.
+
+ For example, if the administrator, for
+ port 1 on guest 2 maps physical pkey
+ index 10 to virtual index 1, then that
+ guest, whenever it uses its pkey index
+ 1, will actually be using the real pkey
+ index 10.
+ ======================= ==========================================
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/iov/<pci-slot-num>/ports/<m>/smi_enabled
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx4_X/iov/<pci-slot-num>/ports/<m>/enable_smi_admin
+Date: May, 2014
+KernelVersion: v3.15.7
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Enabling QP0 on VFs for selected VF/port. By default, no VFs are
+ enabled for QP0 operation.
+
+ ================= ==== ===========================================
+ smi_enabled: (RO) Indicates whether smi is currently enabled
+ for the indicated VF/port
+
+ enable_smi_admin: (RW) Used by the admin to request that smi
+ capability be enabled or disabled for the
+ indicated VF/port. 0 = disable, 1 = enable.
+ ================= ==== ===========================================
+
+ The requested enablement will occur at the next reset of the VF
+ (e.g. driver restart on the VM which owns the VF).
+
+
+sysfs interface for Chelsio T4/T5 RDMA driver (cxgb4)
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/cxgb4_X/hw_rev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/cxgb4_X/hca_type
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/cxgb4_X/board_id
+Date: Apr, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ =============== =============================================
+ hw_rev: (RO) Hardware revision number
+
+ hca_type: (RO) Driver short name. Should normally match
+ the name in its bus driver structure (e.g.
+ pci_driver::name)
+
+ board_id: (RO) Manufacturing board id. (Vendor + device
+ information)
+ =============== =============================================
+
+
+sysfs interface for Intel IB driver qib
+---------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/version
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/hw_rev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/hca_type
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/board_id
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/boardversion
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/nctxts
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/localbus_info
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/tempsense
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/serial
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/nfreectxts
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/chip_reset
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ =============== ======================================================
+ version: (RO) Display version information of installed software
+ and drivers.
+
+ hw_rev: (RO) Hardware revision number
+
+ hca_type: (RO) Host channel adapter type
+
+ board_id: (RO) Manufacturing board id
+
+ boardversion: (RO) Current version of the chip architecture
+
+ nctxts: (RO) Return the number of user ports (contexts)
+ available
+
+ localbus_info: (RO) Human readable localbus info
+
+ tempsense: (RO) Display temp sense registers in decimal
+
+ serial: (RO) Serial number of the HCA
+
+ nfreectxts: (RO) The number of free user ports (contexts)
+ available.
+
+ chip_reset: (WO) Reset the chip if possible by writing
+ "reset" to this file. Only allowed if no user
+ contexts are open that use chip resources.
+ =============== ======================================================
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/sl2vl/[0-15]
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The directory contains 16 files numbered 0-15 that specify
+ the Service Level (SL). Listing the SL files returns the Virtual
+ Lane (VL) as programmed by the SL.
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/CCMgtA/cc_settings_bin
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/CCMgtA/cc_table_bin
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Per-port congestion control. Both are binary attributes.
+
+ =============== ================================================
+ cc_table_bin (RO) Congestion control table size followed by
+ table entries.
+
+ cc_settings_bin (RO) Congestion settings: port control, control
+ map and an array of 16 entries for the
+ congestion entries - increase, timer, event log
+ trigger threshold and the minimum injection rate
+ delay.
+ =============== ================================================
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/linkstate/loopback
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/linkstate/led_override
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/linkstate/hrtbt_enable
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/linkstate/status
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/linkstate/status_str
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [to be documented]
+
+ =============== ===============================================
+ loopback: (WO)
+ led_override: (WO)
+ hrtbt_enable: (RW)
+ status: (RO)
+
+ status_str: (RO) Displays information about the link state,
+ possible cable/switch problems, and hardware
+ errors. Possible states are- "Initted",
+ "Present", "IB_link_up", "IB_configured" or
+ "Fatal_Hardware_Error".
+ =============== ===============================================
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/diag_counters/rc_resends
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/diag_counters/seq_naks
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/diag_counters/rdma_seq
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/diag_counters/rnr_naks
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/diag_counters/other_naks
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/diag_counters/rc_timeouts
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/diag_counters/look_pkts
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/diag_counters/pkt_drops
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/diag_counters/dma_wait
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qibX/ports/<N>/diag_counters/unaligned
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [to be documented]
+
+
+sysfs interface for Mellanox Connect-IB HCA driver mlx5
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx5_X/hw_rev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx5_X/hca_type
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx5_X/reg_pages
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/mlx5_X/fw_pages
+Date: Jul, 2013
+KernelVersion: v3.11
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [to be documented]
+
+
+sysfs interface for Cisco VIC (usNIC) Verbs Driver
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/usnic_X/board_id
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/usnic_X/config
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/usnic_X/qp_per_vf
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/usnic_X/max_vf
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/usnic_X/cq_per_vf
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/usnic_X/iface
+Date: Sep, 2013
+KernelVersion: v3.14
+Contact: Christian Benvenuti <benve@cisco.com>,
+ Dave Goodell <dgoodell@cisco.com>,
+ linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ =============== ===============================================
+ board_id: (RO) Manufacturing board id
+
+ config: (RO) Report the configuration for this PF
+
+ qp_per_vf: (RO) Queue pairs per virtual function.
+
+ max_vf: (RO) Max virtual functions
+
+ cq_per_vf: (RO) Completion queue per virtual function
+
+ iface: (RO) Shows which network interface this usNIC
+ entry is associated to (visible with ifconfig).
+ =============== ===============================================
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/usnic_X/qpn/summary
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/usnic_X/qpn/context
+Date: Sep, 2013
+KernelVersion: v3.14
+Contact: Christian Benvenuti <benve@cisco.com>,
+ Dave Goodell <dgoodell@cisco.com>,
+ linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [to be documented]
+
+
+sysfs interface for Emulex RoCE HCA Driver
+------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/ocrdmaX/hw_rev
+Date: Feb, 2014
+KernelVersion: v3.14
+Description:
+ hw_rev: (RO) Hardware revision number
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/ocrdmaX/hca_type
+Date: Jun, 2014
+KernelVersion: v3.16
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ hca_type: (RO) Display FW version
+
+
+sysfs interface for Intel Omni-Path driver (HFI1)
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/hw_rev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/board_id
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/nctxts
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/serial
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/chip_reset
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/boardversion
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/nfreectxts
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/tempsense
+Date: May, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.6
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ =============== =============================================
+ hw_rev: (RO) Hardware revision number
+
+ board_id: (RO) Manufacturing board id
+
+ nctxts: (RO) Total contexts available.
+
+ serial: (RO) Board serial number
+
+ chip_reset: (WO) Write "reset" to this file to reset the
+ chip if possible. Only allowed if no user
+ contexts are open that use chip resources.
+
+ boardversion: (RO) Human readable board info
+
+ nfreectxts: (RO) The number of free user ports (contexts)
+ available.
+
+ tempsense: (RO) Thermal sense information
+ =============== =============================================
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/ports/<N>/CCMgtA/cc_settings_bin
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/ports/<N>/CCMgtA/cc_table_bin
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/ports/<N>/CCMgtA/cc_prescan
+Date: May, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.6
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Per-port congestion control.
+
+ =============== ================================================
+ cc_table_bin (RO) CCA tables used by PSM2 Congestion control
+ table size followed by table entries. Binary
+ attribute.
+
+ cc_settings_bin (RO) Congestion settings: port control, control
+ map and an array of 16 entries for the
+ congestion entries - increase, timer, event log
+ trigger threshold and the minimum injection rate
+ delay. Binary attribute.
+
+ cc_prescan (RW) enable prescanning for faster BECN
+ response. Write "on" to enable and "off" to
+ disable.
+ =============== ================================================
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/ports/<N>/sc2vl/[0-31]
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/ports/<N>/sl2sc/[0-31]
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/ports/<N>/vl2mtu/[0-15]
+Date: May, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.6
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ =============== ===================================================
+ sc2vl/: (RO) 32 files (0 - 31) used to translate sl->vl
+
+ sl2sc/: (RO) 32 files (0 - 31) used to translate sl->sc
+
+ vl2mtu/: (RO) 16 files (0 - 15) used to determine MTU for vl
+ =============== ===================================================
+
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/sdma_<N>/cpu_list
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/hfi1_X/sdma_<N>/vl
+Date: Sept, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.8
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ sdma<N>/ contains one directory per sdma engine (0 - 15)
+
+ =============== ==============================================
+ cpu_list: (RW) List of cpus for user-process to sdma
+ engine assignment.
+
+ vl: (RO) Displays the virtual lane (vl) the sdma
+ engine maps to.
+ =============== ==============================================
+
+ This interface gives the user control on the affinity settings
+ for the device. As an example, to set an sdma engine irq
+ affinity and thread affinity of a user processes to use the
+ sdma engine, which is "near" in terms of NUMA configuration, or
+ physical cpu location, the user will do::
+
+ echo "3" > /proc/irq/<N>/smp_affinity_list
+ echo "4-7" > /sys/devices/.../sdma3/cpu_list
+ cat /sys/devices/.../sdma3/vl
+ 0
+ echo "8" > /proc/irq/<M>/smp_affinity_list
+ echo "9-12" > /sys/devices/.../sdma4/cpu_list
+ cat /sys/devices/.../sdma4/vl
+ 1
+
+ to make sure that when a process runs on cpus 4,5,6, or 7, and
+ uses vl=0, then sdma engine 3 is selected by the driver, and
+ also the interrupt of the sdma engine 3 is steered to cpu 3.
+ Similarly, when a process runs on cpus 9,10,11, or 12 and sets
+ vl=1, then engine 4 will be selected and the irq of the sdma
+ engine 4 is steered to cpu 8. This assumes that in the above N
+ is the irq number of "sdma3", and M is irq number of "sdma4" in
+ the /proc/interrupts file.
+
+sysfs interface for QLogic qedr NIC Driver
+------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qedrX/hw_rev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/qedrX/hca_type
+Date: Oct, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ =============== ==== ========================
+ hw_rev: (RO) Hardware revision number
+
+ hca_type: (RO) Display HCA type
+ =============== ==== ========================
+
+
+sysfs interface for VMware Paravirtual RDMA driver
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/vmw_pvrdmaX/hw_rev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/vmw_pvrdmaX/hca_type
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/vmw_pvrdmaX/board_id
+Date: Oct, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ =============== ==== =====================================
+ hw_rev: (RO) Hardware revision number
+
+ hca_type: (RO) Host channel adapter type
+
+ board_id: (RO) Display PVRDMA manufacturing board ID
+ =============== ==== =====================================
+
+
+sysfs interface for Broadcom NetXtreme-E RoCE driver
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/bnxt_reX/hw_rev
+What: /sys/class/infiniband/bnxt_reX/hca_type
+Date: Feb, 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ =============== ==== =========================
+ hw_rev: (RO) Hardware revision number
+
+ hca_type: (RO) Host channel adapter type
+ =============== ==== =========================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-rfkill b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-rfkill
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..67b605e3dd16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-rfkill
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+rfkill - radio frequency (RF) connector kill switch support
+
+For details to this subsystem look at Documentation/driver-api/rfkill.rst.
+
+For the deprecated ``/sys/class/rfkill/*/claim`` knobs of this interface look in
+Documentation/ABI/removed/sysfs-class-rfkill.
+
+What: /sys/class/rfkill
+Date: 09-Jul-2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.22
+Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org,
+Description: The rfkill class subsystem folder.
+ Each registered rfkill driver is represented by an rfkillX
+ subfolder (X being an integer >= 0).
+
+
+What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/name
+Date: 09-Jul-2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.22
+Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Name assigned by driver to this key (interface or driver name).
+Values: arbitrary string.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/type
+Date: 09-Jul-2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.22
+Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Driver type string ("wlan", "bluetooth", etc).
+Values: See include/linux/rfkill.h.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/persistent
+Date: 09-Jul-2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.22
+Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Whether the soft blocked state is initialised from non-volatile
+ storage at startup.
+Values: A numeric value:
+
+ - 0: false
+ - 1: true
+
+
+What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/state
+Date: 09-Jul-2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.22
+Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Current state of the transmitter.
+ This file was scheduled to be removed in 2014, but due to its
+ large number of users it will be sticking around for a bit
+ longer. Despite it being marked as stable, the newer "hard" and
+ "soft" interfaces should be preferred, since it is not possible
+ to express the 'soft and hard block' state of the rfkill driver
+ through this interface. There will likely be another attempt to
+ remove it in the future.
+Values: A numeric value.
+
+ 0: RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED
+ transmitter is turned off by software
+ 1: RFKILL_STATE_UNBLOCKED
+ transmitter is (potentially) active
+ 2: RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED
+ transmitter is forced off by something outside of
+ the driver's control.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/hard
+Date: 12-March-2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.34
+Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Current hardblock state. This file is read only.
+Values: A numeric value.
+
+ 0: inactive
+ The transmitter is (potentially) active.
+ 1: active
+ The transmitter is forced off by something outside of
+ the driver's control.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/soft
+Date: 12-March-2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.34
+Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Current softblock state. This file is read and write.
+Values: A numeric value.
+
+ 0: inactive
+ The transmitter is (potentially) active.
+
+ 1: active
+ The transmitter is turned off by software.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-tpm b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-tpm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..411d5895bed4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-tpm
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The device/ directory under a specific TPM instance exposes
+ the properties of that TPM chip
+
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/active
+Date: April 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "active" property prints a '1' if the TPM chip is accepting
+ commands. An inactive TPM chip still contains all the state of
+ an active chip (Storage Root Key, NVRAM, etc), and can be
+ visible to the OS, but will only accept a restricted set of
+ commands. See the TPM Main Specification part 2, Structures,
+ section 17 for more information on which commands are
+ available.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/cancel
+Date: June 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.13
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "cancel" property allows you to cancel the currently
+ pending TPM command. Writing any value to cancel will call the
+ TPM vendor specific cancel operation.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/caps
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "caps" property contains TPM manufacturer and version info.
+
+ Example output::
+
+ Manufacturer: 0x53544d20
+ TCG version: 1.2
+ Firmware version: 8.16
+
+ Manufacturer is a hex dump of the 4 byte manufacturer info
+ space in a TPM. TCG version shows the TCG TPM spec level that
+ the chip supports. Firmware version is that of the chip and
+ is manufacturer specific.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/durations
+Date: March 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "durations" property shows the 3 vendor-specific values
+ used to wait for a short, medium and long TPM command. All
+ TPM commands are categorized as short, medium or long in
+ execution time, so that the driver doesn't have to wait
+ any longer than necessary before starting to poll for a
+ result.
+
+ Example output::
+
+ 3015000 4508000 180995000 [original]
+
+ Here the short, medium and long durations are displayed in
+ usecs. "[original]" indicates that the values are displayed
+ unmodified from when they were queried from the chip.
+ Durations can be modified in the case where a buggy chip
+ reports them in msec instead of usec and they need to be
+ scaled to be displayed in usecs. In this case "[adjusted]"
+ will be displayed in place of "[original]".
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/enabled
+Date: April 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "enabled" property prints a '1' if the TPM chip is enabled,
+ meaning that it should be visible to the OS. This property
+ may be visible but produce a '0' after some operation that
+ disables the TPM.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/owned
+Date: April 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "owned" property produces a '1' if the TPM_TakeOwnership
+ ordinal has been executed successfully in the chip. A '0'
+ indicates that ownership hasn't been taken.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/pcrs
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "pcrs" property will dump the current value of all Platform
+ Configuration Registers in the TPM. Note that since these
+ values may be constantly changing, the output is only valid
+ for a snapshot in time.
+
+ Example output::
+
+ PCR-00: 3A 3F 78 0F 11 A4 B4 99 69 FC AA 80 CD 6E 39 57 C3 3B 22 75
+ PCR-01: 3A 3F 78 0F 11 A4 B4 99 69 FC AA 80 CD 6E 39 57 C3 3B 22 75
+ PCR-02: 3A 3F 78 0F 11 A4 B4 99 69 FC AA 80 CD 6E 39 57 C3 3B 22 75
+ PCR-03: 3A 3F 78 0F 11 A4 B4 99 69 FC AA 80 CD 6E 39 57 C3 3B 22 75
+ PCR-04: 3A 3F 78 0F 11 A4 B4 99 69 FC AA 80 CD 6E 39 57 C3 3B 22 75
+ ...
+
+ The number of PCRs and hex bytes needed to represent a PCR
+ value will vary depending on TPM chip version. For TPM 1.1 and
+ 1.2 chips, PCRs represent SHA-1 hashes, which are 20 bytes
+ long. Use the "caps" property to determine TPM version.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/pubek
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "pubek" property will return the TPM's public endorsement
+ key if possible. If the TPM has had ownership established and
+ is version 1.2, the pubek will not be available without the
+ owner's authorization. Since the TPM driver doesn't store any
+ secrets, it can't authorize its own request for the pubek,
+ making it unaccessible. The public endorsement key is gener-
+ ated at TPM manufacture time and exists for the life of the
+ chip.
+
+ Example output::
+
+ Algorithm: 00 00 00 01
+ Encscheme: 00 03
+ Sigscheme: 00 01
+ Parameters: 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00
+ Modulus length: 256
+ Modulus:
+ B4 76 41 82 C9 20 2C 10 18 40 BC 8B E5 44 4C 6C
+ 3A B2 92 0C A4 9B 2A 83 EB 5C 12 85 04 48 A0 B6
+ 1E E4 81 84 CE B2 F2 45 1C F0 85 99 61 02 4D EB
+ 86 C4 F7 F3 29 60 52 93 6B B2 E5 AB 8B A9 09 E3
+ D7 0E 7D CA 41 BF 43 07 65 86 3C 8C 13 7A D0 8B
+ 82 5E 96 0B F8 1F 5F 34 06 DA A2 52 C1 A9 D5 26
+ 0F F4 04 4B D9 3F 2D F2 AC 2F 74 64 1F 8B CD 3E
+ 1E 30 38 6C 70 63 69 AB E2 50 DF 49 05 2E E1 8D
+ 6F 78 44 DA 57 43 69 EE 76 6C 38 8A E9 8E A3 F0
+ A7 1F 3C A8 D0 12 15 3E CA 0E BD FA 24 CD 33 C6
+ 47 AE A4 18 83 8E 22 39 75 93 86 E6 FD 66 48 B6
+ 10 AD 94 14 65 F9 6A 17 78 BD 16 53 84 30 BF 70
+ E0 DC 65 FD 3C C6 B0 1E BF B9 C1 B5 6C EF B1 3A
+ F8 28 05 83 62 26 11 DC B4 6B 5A 97 FF 32 26 B6
+ F7 02 71 CF 15 AE 16 DD D1 C1 8E A8 CF 9B 50 7B
+ C3 91 FF 44 1E CF 7C 39 FE 17 77 21 20 BD CE 9B
+
+ Possible values::
+
+ Algorithm: TPM_ALG_RSA (1)
+ Encscheme: TPM_ES_RSAESPKCSv15 (2)
+ TPM_ES_RSAESOAEP_SHA1_MGF1 (3)
+ Sigscheme: TPM_SS_NONE (1)
+ Parameters, a byte string of 3 u32 values:
+ Key Length (bits): 00 00 08 00 (2048)
+ Num primes: 00 00 00 02 (2)
+ Exponent Size: 00 00 00 00 (0 means the
+ default exp)
+ Modulus Length: 256 (bytes)
+ Modulus: The 256 byte Endorsement Key modulus
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/temp_deactivated
+Date: April 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "temp_deactivated" property returns a '1' if the chip has
+ been temporarily deactivated, usually until the next power
+ cycle. Whether a warm boot (reboot) will clear a TPM chip
+ from a temp_deactivated state is platform specific.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/device/timeouts
+Date: March 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "timeouts" property shows the 4 vendor-specific values
+ for the TPM's interface spec timeouts. The use of these
+ timeouts is defined by the TPM interface spec that the chip
+ conforms to.
+
+ Example output::
+
+ 750000 750000 750000 750000 [original]
+
+ The four timeout values are shown in usecs, with a trailing
+ "[original]" or "[adjusted]" depending on whether the values
+ were scaled by the driver to be reported in usec from msecs.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/tpm_version_major
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The "tpm_version_major" property shows the TCG spec major version
+ implemented by the TPM device.
+
+ Example output::
+
+ 2
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/pcr-<H>/<N>
+Date: March 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
+Description: produces output in compact hex representation for PCR
+ number N from hash bank H. N is the numeric value of
+ the PCR number and H is the crypto string
+ representation of the hash
+
+ Example output::
+
+ cat /sys/class/tpm/tpm0/pcr-sha256/7
+ 2ED93F199692DC6788EFA6A1FE74514AB9760B2A6CEEAEF6C808C13E4ABB0D42
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-ubi b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-ubi
index 18d471d9faea..a6b324014692 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-ubi
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-ubi
@@ -107,6 +107,15 @@ Contact: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org>
Description:
Number of physical eraseblocks reserved for bad block handling.
+What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/ro_mode
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Contains ASCII "1\n" if the read-only flag is set on this
+ device, and "0\n" if it is cleared. UBI devices mark themselves
+ as read-only when they detect an unrecoverable error.
+
What: /sys/class/ubi/ubiX/total_eraseblocks
Date: July 2006
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-udc b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-udc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d1e2f3ec1fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-udc
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/a_alt_hnp_support
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Indicates if an OTG A-Host supports HNP at an alternate port.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/a_hnp_support
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Indicates if an OTG A-Host supports HNP at this port.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/b_hnp_enable
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Indicates if an OTG A-Host enabled HNP support.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/current_speed
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Indicates the current negotiated speed at this port.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/is_a_peripheral
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Indicates that this port is the default Host on an OTG session
+ but HNP was used to switch roles.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/is_otg
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Indicates that this port support OTG.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/maximum_speed
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Indicates the maximum USB speed supported by this port.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/soft_connect
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Allows users to disconnect data pullup resistors thus causing a
+ logical disconnection from the USB Host.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/srp
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Allows users to manually start Session Request Protocol.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/state
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Indicates current state of the USB Device Controller. Valid
+ states are: 'not-attached', 'attached', 'powered',
+ 'reconnecting', 'unauthenticated', 'default', 'addressed',
+ 'configured', and 'suspended'; however not all USB Device
+ Controllers support reporting all states.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/<udc>/function
+Date: June 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Prints out name of currently running USB Gadget Driver.
+Users:
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..98a8ef99ac5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Note:
+ This documents additional properties of any device beyond what
+ is documented in Documentation/admin-guide/sysfs-rules.rst
+
+What: /sys/devices/*/of_node
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Device Tree mailing list <devicetree@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Any device associated with a device-tree node will have
+ an of_path symlink pointing to the corresponding device
+ node in /sys/firmware/devicetree/
+
+What: /sys/devices/*/devspec
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Device Tree mailing list <devicetree@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ If CONFIG_OF is enabled, then this file is present. When
+ read, it returns full name of the device node.
+
+What: /sys/devices/*/obppath
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Device Tree mailing list <devicetree@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ If CONFIG_OF is enabled, then this file is present. When
+ read, it returns full name of the device node.
+
+What: /sys/devices/*/dev
+Date: Jun 2006
+Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
+Description:
+ Major and minor numbers of the character device corresponding
+ to the device (in <major>:<minor> format).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-node b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-node
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2d0e023f22a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-node
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/possible
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ Nodes that could be possibly become online at some point.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/online
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ Nodes that are online.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/has_normal_memory
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ Nodes that have regular memory.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/has_cpu
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ Nodes that have one or more CPUs.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/has_high_memory
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ Nodes that have regular or high memory.
+ Depends on CONFIG_HIGHMEM.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ When CONFIG_NUMA is enabled, this is a directory containing
+ information on node X such as what CPUs are local to the
+ node. Each file is detailed next.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/cpumap
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ The node's cpumap.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/cpulist
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ The CPUs associated to the node.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/meminfo
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ Provides information about the node's distribution and memory
+ utilization. Similar to /proc/meminfo, see Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/numastat
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ The node's hit/miss statistics, in units of pages.
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/numastat.rst
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/distance
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ Distance between the node and all the other nodes
+ in the system.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/vmstat
+Date: October 2002
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ The node's zoned virtual memory statistics.
+ This is a superset of numastat.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/compact
+Date: February 2010
+Contact: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
+Description:
+ When this file is written to, all memory within that node
+ will be compacted. When it completes, memory will be freed
+ into blocks which have as many contiguous pages as possible
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/hugepages/hugepages-<size>/
+Date: December 2009
+Contact: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
+Description:
+ The node's huge page size control/query attributes.
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.rst
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The node's relationship to other nodes for access class "Y".
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/initiators/
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The directory containing symlinks to memory initiator
+ nodes that have class "Y" access to this target node's
+ memory. CPUs and other memory initiators in nodes not in
+ the list accessing this node's memory may have different
+ performance.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/targets/
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The directory containing symlinks to memory targets that
+ this initiator node has class "Y" access.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/initiators/read_bandwidth
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This node's read bandwidth in MB/s when accessed from
+ nodes found in this access class's linked initiators.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/initiators/read_latency
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This node's read latency in nanoseconds when accessed
+ from nodes found in this access class's linked initiators.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/initiators/write_bandwidth
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This node's write bandwidth in MB/s when accessed from
+ found in this access class's linked initiators.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/initiators/write_latency
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This node's write latency in nanoseconds when access
+ from nodes found in this class's linked initiators.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_side_cache/indexY/
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The directory containing attributes for the memory-side cache
+ level 'Y'.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_side_cache/indexY/indexing
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The caches associativity indexing: 0 for direct mapped,
+ non-zero if indexed.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_side_cache/indexY/line_size
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The number of bytes accessed from the next cache level on a
+ cache miss.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_side_cache/indexY/size
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The size of this memory side cache in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_side_cache/indexY/write_policy
+Date: December 2018
+Contact: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The cache write policy: 0 for write-back, 1 for write-through,
+ other or unknown.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_side_cache/indexY/address_mode
+Date: March 2025
+Contact: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The address mode: 0 for reserved, 1 for extended-linear.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/x86/sgx_total_bytes
+Date: November 2021
+Contact: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The total amount of SGX physical memory in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_failure/total
+Date: January 2023
+Contact: Jiaqi Yan <jiaqiyan@google.com>
+Description:
+ The total number of raw poisoned pages (pages containing
+ corrupted data due to memory errors) on a NUMA node.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_failure/ignored
+Date: January 2023
+Contact: Jiaqi Yan <jiaqiyan@google.com>
+Description:
+ Of the raw poisoned pages on a NUMA node, how many pages are
+ ignored by memory error recovery attempt, usually because
+ support for this type of pages is unavailable, and kernel
+ gives up the recovery.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_failure/failed
+Date: January 2023
+Contact: Jiaqi Yan <jiaqiyan@google.com>
+Description:
+ Of the raw poisoned pages on a NUMA node, how many pages are
+ failed by memory error recovery attempt. This usually means
+ a key recovery operation failed.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_failure/delayed
+Date: January 2023
+Contact: Jiaqi Yan <jiaqiyan@google.com>
+Description:
+ Of the raw poisoned pages on a NUMA node, how many pages are
+ delayed by memory error recovery attempt. Delayed poisoned
+ pages usually will be retried by kernel.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_failure/recovered
+Date: January 2023
+Contact: Jiaqi Yan <jiaqiyan@google.com>
+Description:
+ Of the raw poisoned pages on a NUMA node, how many pages are
+ recovered by memory error recovery attempt.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/reclaim
+Date: June 2025
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ Perform user-triggered proactive reclaim on a NUMA node.
+ This interface is equivalent to the memcg variant.
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-system-cpu b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-system-cpu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cf78bd99f6c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-system-cpu
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/dscr_default
+Date: 13-May-2014
+KernelVersion: v3.15.0
+Contact:
+Description: Writes are equivalent to writing to
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuN/dscr on all CPUs.
+ Reads return the last written value or 0.
+ This value is not a global default: it is a way to set
+ all per-CPU defaults at the same time.
+Values: 64 bit unsigned integer (bit field)
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]+/dscr
+Date: 13-May-2014
+KernelVersion: v3.15.0
+Contact:
+Description: Default value for the Data Stream Control Register (DSCR) on
+ a CPU.
+ This default value is used when the kernel is executing and
+ for any process that has not set the DSCR itself.
+ If a process ever sets the DSCR (via direct access to the
+ SPR) that value will be persisted for that process and used
+ on any CPU where it executes (overriding the value described
+ here).
+ If set by a process it will be inherited by child processes.
+Values: 64 bit unsigned integer (bit field)
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/die_id
+Description: the CPU die ID of cpuX. Typically it is the hardware platform's
+ identifier (rather than the kernel's). The actual value is
+ architecture and platform dependent.
+Values: integer
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/core_id
+Description: the CPU core ID of cpuX. Typically it is the hardware platform's
+ identifier (rather than the kernel's). The actual value is
+ architecture and platform dependent.
+Values: integer
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/cluster_id
+Description: the cluster ID of cpuX. Typically it is the hardware platform's
+ identifier (rather than the kernel's). The actual value is
+ architecture and platform dependent.
+Values: integer
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/book_id
+Description: the book ID of cpuX. Typically it is the hardware platform's
+ identifier (rather than the kernel's). The actual value is
+ architecture and platform dependent. it's only used on s390.
+Values: integer
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/drawer_id
+Description: the drawer ID of cpuX. Typically it is the hardware platform's
+ identifier (rather than the kernel's). The actual value is
+ architecture and platform dependent. it's only used on s390.
+Values: integer
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/core_cpus
+Description: internal kernel map of CPUs within the same core.
+ (deprecated name: "thread_siblings")
+Values: hexadecimal bitmask.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/core_cpus_list
+Description: human-readable list of CPUs within the same core.
+ The format is like 0-3, 8-11, 14,17.
+ (deprecated name: "thread_siblings_list").
+Values: decimal list.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/package_cpus
+Description: internal kernel map of the CPUs sharing the same physical_package_id.
+ (deprecated name: "core_siblings").
+Values: hexadecimal bitmask.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/package_cpus_list
+Description: human-readable list of CPUs sharing the same physical_package_id.
+ The format is like 0-3, 8-11, 14,17.
+ (deprecated name: "core_siblings_list")
+Values: decimal list.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/die_cpus
+Description: internal kernel map of CPUs within the same die.
+Values: hexadecimal bitmask.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/die_cpus_list
+Description: human-readable list of CPUs within the same die.
+ The format is like 0-3, 8-11, 14,17.
+Values: decimal list.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/cluster_cpus
+Description: internal kernel map of CPUs within the same cluster.
+Values: hexadecimal bitmask.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/cluster_cpus_list
+Description: human-readable list of CPUs within the same cluster.
+ The format is like 0-3, 8-11, 14,17.
+Values: decimal list.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/book_siblings
+Description: internal kernel map of cpuX's hardware threads within the same
+ book_id. it's only used on s390.
+Values: hexadecimal bitmask.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/book_siblings_list
+Description: human-readable list of cpuX's hardware threads within the same
+ book_id.
+ The format is like 0-3, 8-11, 14,17. it's only used on s390.
+Values: decimal list.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/drawer_siblings
+Description: internal kernel map of cpuX's hardware threads within the same
+ drawer_id. it's only used on s390.
+Values: hexadecimal bitmask.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/drawer_siblings_list
+Description: human-readable list of cpuX's hardware threads within the same
+ drawer_id.
+ The format is like 0-3, 8-11, 14,17. it's only used on s390.
+Values: decimal list.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-system-xen_memory b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-system-xen_memory
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d83f95a8a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-system-xen_memory
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/max_retry_count
+Date: May 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ The maximum number of times the balloon driver will
+ attempt to increase the balloon before giving up. See
+ also 'retry_count' below.
+ A value of zero means retry forever and is the default one.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/max_schedule_delay
+Date: May 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ The limit that 'schedule_delay' (see below) will be
+ increased to. The default value is 32 seconds.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/retry_count
+Date: May 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ The current number of times that the balloon driver
+ has attempted to increase the size of the balloon.
+ The default value is one. With max_retry_count being
+ zero (unlimited), this means that the driver will attempt
+ to retry with a 'schedule_delay' delay.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/schedule_delay
+Date: May 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ The time (in seconds) to wait between attempts to
+ increase the balloon. Each time the balloon cannot be
+ increased, 'schedule_delay' is increased (until
+ 'max_schedule_delay' is reached at which point it
+ will use the max value).
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/target
+Date: April 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ The target number of pages to adjust this domain's
+ memory reservation to.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/target_kb
+Date: April 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ As target above, except the value is in KiB.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/info/current_kb
+Date: April 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Current size (in KiB) of this domain's memory
+ reservation.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/info/high_kb
+Date: April 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Amount (in KiB) of high memory in the balloon.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/info/low_kb
+Date: April 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Amount (in KiB) of low (or normal) memory in the
+ balloon.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/scrub_pages
+Date: September 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.20
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description:
+ Control scrubbing pages before returning them to Xen for others domains
+ use. Can be set with xen_scrub_pages cmdline
+ parameter. Default value controlled with CONFIG_XEN_SCRUB_PAGES_DEFAULT.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-aspeed-vuart b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-aspeed-vuart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..950cafc9443a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-aspeed-vuart
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/aspeed-vuart/*/lpc_address
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
+Description: Configures which IO port the host side of the UART
+ will appear on the host <-> BMC LPC bus.
+Users: OpenBMC. Proposed changes should be mailed to
+ openbmc@lists.ozlabs.org
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/aspeed-vuart/*/sirq
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
+Description: Configures which interrupt number the host side of
+ the UART will appear on the host <-> BMC LPC bus.
+Users: OpenBMC. Proposed changes should be mailed to
+ openbmc@lists.ozlabs.org
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/aspeed-vuart/*/sirq_polarity
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Oskar Senft <osk@google.com>
+Description: Configures the polarity of the serial interrupt to the
+ host via the BMC LPC bus.
+ Set to 0 for active-low or 1 for active-high.
+Users: OpenBMC. Proposed changes should be mailed to
+ openbmc@lists.ozlabs.org
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-dma-idxd b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-dma-idxd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4a355e6747ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-dma-idxd
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/version
+Date: Apr 15, 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The hardware version number.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/cdev_major
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The major number that the character device driver assigned to
+ this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/errors
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The error information for this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/max_batch_size
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The largest number of work descriptors in a batch.
+ It's not visible when the device does not support batch.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/max_work_queues_size
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The maximum work queue size supported by this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/max_engines
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The maximum number of engines supported by this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/max_groups
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The maximum number of groups can be created under this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/max_read_buffers
+Date: Dec 10, 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.17.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The total number of read buffers supported by this device.
+ The read buffers represent resources within the DSA
+ implementation, and these resources are allocated by engines to
+ support operations. See DSA spec v1.2 9.2.4 Total Read Buffers.
+ It's not visible when the device does not support Read Buffer
+ allocation control.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/max_transfer_size
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The number of bytes to be read from the source address to
+ perform the operation. The maximum transfer size is dependent on
+ the workqueue the descriptor was submitted to.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/max_work_queues
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The maximum work queue number that this device supports.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/numa_node
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The numa node number for this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/op_cap
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The operation capability bit mask specify the operation types
+ supported by the this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/pasid_enabled
+Date: Oct 27, 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.11.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: To indicate if user PASID (process address space identifier) is
+ enabled or not for this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/state
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The state information of this device. It can be either enabled
+ or disabled.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/group<m>.<n>
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The assigned group under this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/engine<m>.<n>
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The assigned engine under this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/wq<m>.<n>
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The assigned work queue under this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/configurable
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: To indicate if this device is configurable or not.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/read_buffer_limit
+Date: Dec 10, 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.17.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The maximum number of read buffers that may be in use at
+ one time by operations that access low bandwidth memory in the
+ device. See DSA spec v1.2 9.2.8 GENCFG on Global Read Buffer Limit.
+ It's not visible when the device does not support Read Buffer
+ allocation control.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/cmd_status
+Date: Aug 28, 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The last executed device administrative command's status/error.
+ Also last configuration error overloaded.
+ Writing to it will clear the status.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/iaa_cap
+Date: Sept 14, 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.0.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: IAA (IAX) capability mask. Exported to user space for application
+ consumption. This attribute should only be visible on IAA devices
+ that are version 2 or later.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/dsa<m>/event_log_size
+Date: Sept 14, 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.4.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The event log size to be configured. Default is 64 entries and
+ occupies 4k size if the evl entry is 64 bytes. It's visible
+ only on platforms that support the capability.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/block_on_fault
+Date: Oct 27, 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.11.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: To indicate block on fault is allowed or not for the work queue
+ to support on demand paging.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/group_id
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The group id that this work queue belongs to.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/size
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The work queue size for this work queue.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/type
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The type of this work queue, it can be "kernel" type for work
+ queue usages in the kernel space or "user" type for work queue
+ usages by applications in user space.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/cdev_minor
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The minor number assigned to this work queue by the character
+ device driver.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/mode
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The work queue mode type for this work queue.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/priority
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The priority value of this work queue, it is a value relative to
+ other work queue in the same group to control quality of service
+ for dispatching work from multiple workqueues in the same group.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/state
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The current state of the work queue.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/threshold
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The number of entries in this work queue that may be filled
+ via a limited portal.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/max_transfer_size
+Date: Aug 28, 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The max transfer sized for this workqueue. Cannot exceed device
+ max transfer size. Configurable parameter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/max_batch_size
+Date: Aug 28, 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The max batch size for this workqueue. Cannot exceed device
+ max batch size. Configurable parameter.
+ It's not visible when the device does not support batch.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/ats_disable
+Date: Nov 13, 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.11.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Indicate whether ATS disable is turned on for the workqueue.
+ 0 indicates ATS is on, and 1 indicates ATS is off for the workqueue.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/prs_disable
+Date: Sept 14, 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.4.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Controls whether PRS disable is turned on for the workqueue.
+ 0 indicates PRS is on, and 1 indicates PRS is off for the
+ workqueue. This option overrides block_on_fault attribute
+ if set. It's visible only on platforms that support the
+ capability.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/occupancy
+Date: May 25, 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.14.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Show the current number of entries in this WQ if WQ Occupancy
+ Support bit WQ capabilities is 1.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/enqcmds_retries
+Date: Oct 29, 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.17.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Indicate the number of retires for an enqcmds submission on a sharedwq.
+ A max value to set attribute is capped at 64.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/op_config
+Date: Sept 14, 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.0.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Shows the operation capability bits displayed in bitmap format
+ presented by %*pb printk() output format specifier.
+ The attribute can be configured when the WQ is disabled in
+ order to configure the WQ to accept specific bits that
+ correlates to the operations allowed. It's visible only
+ on platforms that support the capability.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/driver_name
+Date: Sept 8, 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Name of driver to be bounded to the wq.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/engine<m>.<n>/group_id
+Date: Oct 25, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The group that this engine belongs to.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/group<m>.<n>/use_read_buffer_limit
+Date: Dec 10, 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.17.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Enable the use of global read buffer limit for the group. See DSA
+ spec v1.2 9.2.18 GRPCFG Use Global Read Buffer Limit.
+ It's not visible when the device does not support Read Buffer
+ allocation control.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/group<m>.<n>/read_buffers_allowed
+Date: Dec 10, 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.17.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Indicates max number of read buffers that may be in use at one time
+ by all engines in the group. See DSA spec v1.2 9.2.18 GRPCFG Read
+ Buffers Allowed.
+ It's not visible when the device does not support Read Buffer
+ allocation control.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/group<m>.<n>/read_buffers_reserved
+Date: Dec 10, 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.17.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Indicates the number of Read Buffers reserved for the use of
+ engines in the group. See DSA spec v1.2 9.2.18 GRPCFG Read Buffers
+ Reserved.
+ It's not visible when the device does not support Read Buffer
+ allocation control.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/group<m>.<n>/desc_progress_limit
+Date: Sept 14, 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.0.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Allows control of the number of work descriptors that can be
+ concurrently processed by an engine in the group as a fraction
+ of the Maximum Work Descriptors in Progress value specified in
+ the ENGCAP register. The acceptable values are 0 (default),
+ 1 (1/2 of max value), 2 (1/4 of the max value), and 3 (1/8 of
+ the max value). It's visible only on platforms that support
+ the capability.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/group<m>.<n>/batch_progress_limit
+Date: Sept 14, 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.0.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Allows control of the number of batch descriptors that can be
+ concurrently processed by an engine in the group as a fraction
+ of the Maximum Batch Descriptors in Progress value specified in
+ the ENGCAP register. The acceptable values are 0 (default),
+ 1 (1/2 of max value), 2 (1/4 of the max value), and 3 (1/8 of
+ the max value). It's visible only on platforms that support
+ the capability.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/dsa<x>\!wq<m>.<n>/file<y>/cr_faults
+Date: Sept 14, 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.4.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Show the number of Completion Record (CR) faults this application
+ has caused.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/dsa<x>\!wq<m>.<n>/file<y>/cr_fault_failures
+Date: Sept 14, 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.4.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Show the number of Completion Record (CR) faults failures that this
+ application has caused. The failure counter is incremented when the
+ driver cannot fault in the address for the CR. Typically this is caused
+ by a bad address programmed in the submitted descriptor or a malicious
+ submitter is using bad CR address on purpose.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dsa/devices/wq<m>.<n>/dsa<x>\!wq<m>.<n>/file<y>/pid
+Date: Sept 14, 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.4.0
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Show the process id of the application that opened the file. This is
+ helpful information for a monitor daemon that wants to kill the
+ application that opened the file.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-dma-ioatdma b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-dma-ioatdma
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3a4e2cd0ddcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-dma-ioatdma
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+What: /sys/devices/pciXXXX:XX/0000:XX:XX.X/dma/dma<n>chan<n>/quickdata/cap
+Date: December 3, 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.32
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Capabilities the DMA supports.Currently there are DMA_PQ, DMA_PQ_VAL,
+ DMA_XOR,DMA_XOR_VAL,DMA_INTERRUPT.
+
+What: /sys/devices/pciXXXX:XX/0000:XX:XX.X/dma/dma<n>chan<n>/quickdata/ring_active
+Date: December 3, 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.32
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The number of descriptors active in the ring.
+
+What: /sys/devices/pciXXXX:XX/0000:XX:XX.X/dma/dma<n>chan<n>/quickdata/ring_size
+Date: December 3, 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.32
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Descriptor ring size, total number of descriptors available.
+
+What: /sys/devices/pciXXXX:XX/0000:XX:XX.X/dma/dma<n>chan<n>/quickdata/version
+Date: December 3, 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.32
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Version of ioatdma device.
+
+What: /sys/devices/pciXXXX:XX/0000:XX:XX.X/dma/dma<n>chan<n>/quickdata/intr_coalesce
+Date: August 8, 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: dmaengine@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Tune-able interrupt delay value per channel basis.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-firmware-zynqmp b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-firmware-zynqmp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c3fec3c835af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-firmware-zynqmp
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/ggs*
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: "Jolly Shah" <jollys@xilinx.com>
+Description:
+ Read/Write PMU global general storage register value,
+ GLOBAL_GEN_STORAGE{0:3}.
+ Global general storage register that can be used
+ by system to pass information between masters.
+
+ The register is reset during system or power-on
+ resets. Three registers are used by the FSBL and
+ other Xilinx software products: GLOBAL_GEN_STORAGE{4:6}.
+
+ Usage::
+
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/ggs0
+ # echo <value> > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/ggs0
+
+ Example::
+
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/ggs0
+ # echo 0x1234ABCD > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/ggs0
+
+Users: Xilinx
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/pggs*
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: "Jolly Shah" <jollys@xilinx.com>
+Description:
+ Read/Write PMU persistent global general storage register
+ value, PERS_GLOB_GEN_STORAGE{0:3}.
+ Persistent global general storage register that
+ can be used by system to pass information between
+ masters.
+
+ This register is only reset by the power-on reset
+ and maintains its value through a system reset.
+ Four registers are used by the FSBL and other Xilinx
+ software products: PERS_GLOB_GEN_STORAGE{4:7}.
+ Register is reset only by a POR reset.
+
+ Usage::
+
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/pggs0
+ # echo <value> > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/pggs0
+
+ Example::
+
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/pggs0
+ # echo 0x1234ABCD > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/pggs0
+
+Users: Xilinx
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/shutdown_scope
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: "Jolly Shah" <jollys@xilinx.com>
+Description:
+ This sysfs interface allows to set the shutdown scope for the
+ next shutdown request. When the next shutdown is performed, the
+ platform specific portion of PSCI-system_off can use the chosen
+ shutdown scope.
+
+ Following are available shutdown scopes(subtypes):
+
+ subsystem:
+ Only the APU along with all of its peripherals
+ not used by other processing units will be
+ shut down. This may result in the FPD power
+ domain being shut down provided that no other
+ processing unit uses FPD peripherals or DRAM.
+ ps_only:
+ The complete PS will be shut down, including the
+ RPU, PMU, etc. Only the PL domain (FPGA)
+ remains untouched.
+ system:
+ The complete system/device is shut down.
+
+ Usage::
+
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/shutdown_scope
+ # echo <scope> > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/shutdown_scope
+
+ Example::
+
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/shutdown_scope
+ # echo "subsystem" > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/shutdown_scope
+
+Users: Xilinx
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/health_status
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: "Jolly Shah" <jollys@xilinx.com>
+Description:
+ This sysfs interface allows to set the health status. If PMUFW
+ is compiled with CHECK_HEALTHY_BOOT, it will check the healthy
+ bit on FPD WDT expiration. If healthy bit is set by a user
+ application running in Linux, PMUFW will do APU only restart. If
+ healthy bit is not set during FPD WDT expiration, PMUFW will do
+ system restart.
+
+ Usage:
+
+ Set healthy bit::
+
+ # echo 1 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/health_status
+
+ Unset healthy bit::
+
+ # echo 0 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/health_status
+
+Users: Xilinx
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+Date: Feb 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "Ronak Jain" <ronak.jain@xilinx.com>
+Description:
+ This sysfs interface allows user to configure features at
+ runtime. The user can enable or disable features running at
+ firmware as well as the user can configure the parameters of
+ the features at runtime. The supported features are over
+ temperature and external watchdog. Here, the external watchdog
+ is completely different than the /dev/watchdog as the external
+ watchdog is running on the firmware and it is used to monitor
+ the health of firmware not APU(Linux). Also, the external
+ watchdog is interfaced outside of the zynqmp soc.
+
+ The supported config ids are for the feature configuration is,
+ 1. PM_FEATURE_OVERTEMP_STATUS = 1, the user can enable or
+ disable the over temperature feature.
+ 2. PM_FEATURE_OVERTEMP_VALUE = 2, the user can configure the
+ over temperature limit in Degree Celsius.
+ 3. PM_FEATURE_EXTWDT_STATUS = 3, the user can enable or disable
+ the external watchdog feature.
+ 4. PM_FEATURE_EXTWDT_VALUE = 4, the user can configure the
+ external watchdog feature.
+
+ Usage:
+
+ Select over temperature config ID to enable/disable feature
+ # echo 1 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+
+ Check over temperature config ID is selected or not
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+ The expected result is 1.
+
+ Select over temperature config ID to configure OT limit
+ # echo 2 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+
+ Check over temperature config ID is selected or not
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+ The expected result is 2.
+
+ Select external watchdog config ID to enable/disable feature
+ # echo 3 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+
+ Check external watchdog config ID is selected or not
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+ The expected result is 3.
+
+ Select external watchdog config ID to configure time interval
+ # echo 4 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+
+ Check external watchdog config ID is selected or not
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+ The expected result is 4.
+
+Users: Xilinx
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+Date: Feb 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "Ronak Jain" <ronak.jain@xilinx.com>
+Description:
+ This sysfs interface allows to configure features at runtime.
+ The user can enable or disable features running at firmware.
+ Also, the user can configure the parameters of the features
+ at runtime. The supported features are over temperature and
+ external watchdog. Here, the external watchdog is completely
+ different than the /dev/watchdog as the external watchdog is
+ running on the firmware and it is used to monitor the health
+ of firmware not APU(Linux). Also, the external watchdog is
+ interfaced outside of the zynqmp soc.
+
+ By default the features are disabled in the firmware. The user
+ can enable features by querying appropriate config id of the
+ features.
+
+ The default limit for the over temperature is 90 Degree Celsius.
+ The default timer interval for the external watchdog is 570ms.
+
+ The supported config ids are for the feature configuration is,
+ 1. PM_FEATURE_OVERTEMP_STATUS = 1, the user can enable or
+ disable the over temperature feature.
+ 2. PM_FEATURE_OVERTEMP_VALUE = 2, the user can configure the
+ over temperature limit in Degree Celsius.
+ 3. PM_FEATURE_EXTWDT_STATUS = 3, the user can enable or disable
+ the external watchdog feature.
+ 4. PM_FEATURE_EXTWDT_VALUE = 4, the user can configure the
+ external watchdog feature.
+
+ Usage:
+
+ Enable over temperature feature
+ # echo 1 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+ # echo 1 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+
+ Check whether the over temperature feature is enabled or not
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+ The expected result is 1.
+
+ Disable over temperature feature
+ # echo 1 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+ # echo 0 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+
+ Check whether the over temperature feature is disabled or not
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+ The expected result is 0.
+
+ Configure over temperature limit to 50 Degree Celsius
+ # echo 2 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+ # echo 50 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+
+ Check whether the over temperature limit is configured or not
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+ The expected result is 50.
+
+ Enable external watchdog feature
+ # echo 3 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+ # echo 1 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+
+ Check whether the external watchdog feature is enabled or not
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+ The expected result is 1.
+
+ Disable external watchdog feature
+ # echo 3 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+ # echo 0 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+
+ Check whether the external watchdog feature is disabled or not
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+ The expected result is 0.
+
+ Configure external watchdog timer interval to 500ms
+ # echo 4 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_id
+ # echo 500 > /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+
+ Check whether the external watchdog timer interval is configured or not
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/firmware\:zynqmp-firmware/feature_config_value
+ The expected result is 500.
+
+Users: Xilinx
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-ib_srp b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-ib_srp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bada15a329f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-ib_srp
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_srp/srp-<hca>-<port_number>/add_target
+Date: January 2, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.15
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Interface for making ib_srp connect to a new target.
+ One can request ib_srp to connect to a new target by writing
+ a comma-separated list of login parameters to this sysfs
+ attribute. The supported parameters are:
+
+ * id_ext, a 16-digit hexadecimal number specifying the eight
+ byte identifier extension in the 16-byte SRP target port
+ identifier. The target port identifier is sent by ib_srp
+ to the target in the SRP_LOGIN_REQ request.
+ * ioc_guid, a 16-digit hexadecimal number specifying the eight
+ byte I/O controller GUID portion of the 16-byte target port
+ identifier.
+ * dgid, a 32-digit hexadecimal number specifying the
+ destination GID.
+ * pkey, a four-digit hexadecimal number specifying the
+ InfiniBand partition key.
+ * service_id, a 16-digit hexadecimal number specifying the
+ InfiniBand service ID used to establish communication with
+ the SRP target. How to find out the value of the service ID
+ is specified in the documentation of the SRP target.
+ * max_sect, a decimal number specifying the maximum number of
+ 512-byte sectors to be transferred via a single SCSI command.
+ * max_cmd_per_lun, a decimal number specifying the maximum
+ number of outstanding commands for a single LUN.
+ * io_class, a hexadecimal number specifying the SRP I/O class.
+ Must be either 0xff00 (rev 10) or 0x0100 (rev 16a). The I/O
+ class defines the format of the SRP initiator and target
+ port identifiers.
+ * initiator_ext, a 16-digit hexadecimal number specifying the
+ identifier extension portion of the SRP initiator port
+ identifier. This data is sent by the initiator to the target
+ in the SRP_LOGIN_REQ request.
+ * cmd_sg_entries, a number in the range 1..255 that specifies
+ the maximum number of data buffer descriptors stored in the
+ SRP_CMD information unit itself. With allow_ext_sg=0 the
+ parameter cmd_sg_entries defines the maximum S/G list length
+ for a single SRP_CMD, and commands whose S/G list length
+ exceeds this limit after S/G list collapsing will fail.
+ * allow_ext_sg, whether ib_srp is allowed to include a partial
+ memory descriptor list in an SRP_CMD instead of the entire
+ list. If a partial memory descriptor list has been included
+ in an SRP_CMD the remaining memory descriptors are
+ communicated from initiator to target via an additional RDMA
+ transfer. Setting allow_ext_sg to 1 increases the maximum
+ amount of data that can be transferred between initiator and
+ target via a single SCSI command. Since not all SRP target
+ implementations support partial memory descriptor lists the
+ default value for this option is 0.
+ * sg_tablesize, a number in the range 1..2048 specifying the
+ maximum S/G list length the SCSI layer is allowed to pass to
+ ib_srp. Specifying a value that exceeds cmd_sg_entries is
+ only safe with partial memory descriptor list support enabled
+ (allow_ext_sg=1).
+ * comp_vector, a number in the range 0..n-1 specifying the
+ MSI-X completion vector of the first RDMA channel. Some
+ HCA's allocate multiple (n) MSI-X vectors per HCA port. If
+ the IRQ affinity masks of these interrupts have been
+ configured such that each MSI-X interrupt is handled by a
+ different CPU then the comp_vector parameter can be used to
+ spread the SRP completion workload over multiple CPU's.
+ * tl_retry_count, a number in the range 2..7 specifying the
+ IB RC retry count.
+ * queue_size, the maximum number of commands that the
+ initiator is allowed to queue per SCSI host. The default
+ value for this parameter is 62. The lowest supported value
+ is 2.
+ * max_it_iu_size, a decimal number specifying the maximum
+ initiator to target information unit length.
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_srp/srp-<hca>-<port_number>/ibdev
+Date: January 2, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.15
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: HCA name (<hca>).
+
+What: /sys/class/infiniband_srp/srp-<hca>-<port_number>/port
+Date: January 2, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.15
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: HCA port number (<port_number>).
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/allow_ext_sg
+Date: May 19, 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Whether ib_srp is allowed to include a partial memory
+ descriptor list in an SRP_CMD when communicating with an SRP
+ target.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/ch_count
+Date: April 1, 2015
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Number of RDMA channels used for communication with the SRP
+ target.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/cmd_sg_entries
+Date: May 19, 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Maximum number of data buffer descriptors that may be sent to
+ the target in a single SRP_CMD request.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/comp_vector
+Date: September 2, 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Completion vector used for the first RDMA channel.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/dgid
+Date: June 17, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: InfiniBand destination GID used for communication with the SRP
+ target. Differs from orig_dgid if port redirection has happened.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/id_ext
+Date: June 17, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Eight-byte identifier extension portion of the 16-byte target
+ port identifier.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/ioc_guid
+Date: June 17, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Eight-byte I/O controller GUID portion of the 16-byte target
+ port identifier.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/local_ib_device
+Date: November 29, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.19
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Name of the InfiniBand HCA used for communicating with the
+ SRP target.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/local_ib_port
+Date: November 29, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.19
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Number of the HCA port used for communicating with the
+ SRP target.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/orig_dgid
+Date: June 17, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: InfiniBand destination GID specified in the parameters
+ written to the add_target sysfs attribute.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/pkey
+Date: June 17, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: A 16-bit number representing the InfiniBand partition key used
+ for communication with the SRP target.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/req_lim
+Date: October 20, 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.36
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Number of requests ib_srp can send to the target before it has
+ to wait for more credits. For more information see also the
+ SRP credit algorithm in the SRP specification.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/service_id
+Date: June 17, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: InfiniBand service ID used for establishing communication with
+ the SRP target.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/sgid
+Date: February 1, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: InfiniBand GID of the source port used for communication with
+ the SRP target.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/host<n>/zero_req_lim
+Date: September 20, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.18
+Contact: linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Number of times the initiator had to wait before sending a
+ request to the target because it ran out of credits. For more
+ information see also the SRP credit algorithm in the SRP
+ specification.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-misc-cp500 b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-misc-cp500
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..525bd18a2db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-misc-cp500
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/devices/pciXXXX:XX/0000:XX:XX.X/0000:XX:XX.X/version
+Date: June 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Gerhard Engleder <eg@keba.com>
+Description: Version of the FPGA configuration bitstream as printable string.
+ This file is read only.
+Users: KEBA
+
+What: /sys/devices/pciXXXX:XX/0000:XX:XX.X/0000:XX:XX.X/keep_cfg
+Date: June 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Gerhard Engleder <eg@keba.com>
+Description: Flag which signals if FPGA shall keep or reload configuration
+ bitstream on reset. Normal FPGA behavior and default is to keep
+ configuration bitstream and to only reset the configured logic.
+
+ Reloading configuration on reset enables an update of the
+ configuration bitstream with a simple reboot. Otherwise it is
+ necessary to power cycle the device to reload the new
+ configuration bitstream.
+
+ This file is read/write. The values are as follows:
+ 1 = keep configuration bitstream on reset, default
+ 0 = reload configuration bitstream on reset
+Users: KEBA
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-mlxreg-io b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-mlxreg-io
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f59461111221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-mlxreg-io
@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/asic_health
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file shows ASIC health status. The possible values are:
+ 0 - health failed, 2 - health OK, 3 - ASIC in booting state.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld1_version
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld2_version
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show with which CPLD versions have been burned
+ on carrier and switch boards.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/fan_dir
+Date: December 2018
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file shows the system fans direction:
+ forward direction - relevant bit is set 0;
+ reversed direction - relevant bit is set 1.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld3_version
+Date: November 2018
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show with which CPLD versions have been burned
+ on LED or Gearbox board.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/jtag_enable
+Date: November 2018
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files enable and disable the access to the JTAG domain.
+ By default access to the JTAG domain is disabled.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/select_iio
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file allows iio devices selection.
+
+ Attribute select_iio can be written with 0 or with 1. It
+ selects which one of iio devices can be accessed.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/psu1_on
+ /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/psu2_on
+ /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/pwr_cycle
+ /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/pwr_down
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files allow asserting system power cycling, switching
+ power supply units on and off and system's main power domain
+ shutdown.
+ Expected behavior:
+ When pwr_cycle is written 1: auxiliary power domain will go
+ down and after short period (about 1 second) up.
+ When psu1_on or psu2_on is written 1, related unit will be
+ disconnected from the power source, when written 0 - connected.
+ If both are written 1 - power supplies main power domain will
+ go down.
+ When pwr_down is written 1, system's main power domain will go
+ down.
+
+ The files are write only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_aux_pwr_or_ref
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_asic_thermal
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_hotswap_or_halt
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_hotswap_or_wd
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_fw_reset
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_long_pb
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_main_pwr_fail
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_short_pb
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_sw_reset
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show the system reset cause, as following: power
+ auxiliary outage or power refresh, ASIC thermal shutdown, halt,
+ hotswap, watchdog, firmware reset, long press power button,
+ short press power button, software reset. Value 1 in file means
+ this is reset cause, 0 - otherwise. Only one of the above
+ causes could be 1 at the same time, representing only last
+ reset cause.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_comex_pwr_fail
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_from_comex
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_system
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_voltmon_upgrade_fail
+Date: November 2018
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show the system reset cause, as following: ComEx
+ power fail, reset from ComEx, system platform reset, reset
+ due to voltage monitor devices upgrade failure,
+ Value 1 in file means this is reset cause, 0 - otherwise.
+ Only one bit could be 1 at the same time, representing only
+ the last reset cause.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld4_version
+Date: November 2018
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show with which CPLD versions have been burned
+ on LED board.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_comex_thermal
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_comex_wd
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_from_asic
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_reload_bios
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_sff_wd
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_swb_wd
+Date: June 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show the system reset cause, as following:
+ COMEX thermal shutdown; wathchdog power off or reset was derived
+ by one of the next components: COMEX, switch board or by Small Form
+ Factor mezzanine, reset requested from ASIC, reset caused by BIOS
+ reload. Value 1 in file means this is reset cause, 0 - otherwise.
+ Only one of the above causes could be 1 at the same time, representing
+ only last reset cause.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/config1
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/config2
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show system static topology identification
+ like system's static I2C topology, number and type of FPGA
+ devices within the system and so on.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_ac_pwr_fail
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_platform
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_soc
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_sw_pwr_off
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show the system reset causes, as following: reset
+ due to AC power failure, reset invoked from software by
+ assertion reset signal through CPLD. reset caused by signal
+ asserted by SOC through ACPI register, reset invoked from
+ software by assertion power off signal through CPLD.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/pcie_asic_reset_dis
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file allows to retain ASIC up during PCIe root complex
+ reset, when attribute is set 1.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/vpd_wp
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file allows to overwrite system VPD hardware write
+ protection when attribute is set 1.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/voltreg_update_status
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file exposes the configuration update status of burnable
+ voltage regulator devices. The status values are as following:
+ 0 - OK; 1 - CRC failure; 2 = I2C failure; 3 - in progress.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/ufm_version
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file exposes the firmware version of burnable voltage
+ regulator devices.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld1_pn
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld2_pn
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld3_pn
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld4_pn
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld1_version_min
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld2_version_min
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld3_version_min
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld4_version_min
+Date: July 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.9
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show with which CPLD part numbers and minor
+ versions have been burned CPLD devices equipped on a
+ system.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/bios_active_image
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/bios_auth_fail
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/bios_upgrade_fail
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: The files represent BIOS statuses:
+
+ bios_active_image: location of current active BIOS image:
+ 0: Top, 1: Bottom.
+ The reported value should correspond to value expected by OS
+ in case of BIOS safe mode is 0. This bit is related to Intel
+ top-swap feature of DualBios on the same flash.
+
+ bios_auth_fail: BIOS upgrade is failed because provided BIOS
+ image is not signed correctly.
+
+ bios_upgrade_fail: BIOS upgrade is failed by some other
+ reason not because authentication. For example due to
+ physical SPI flash problem.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc1_enable
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc2_enable
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc3_enable
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc4_enable
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc5_enable
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc6_enable
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc7_enable
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc8_enable
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files allow line cards enable state control.
+ Expected behavior:
+ When lc{n}_enable is written 1, related line card is released
+ from the reset state, when 0 - is hold in reset state.
+
+ The files are read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc1_pwr
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc2_pwr
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc3_pwr
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc4_pwr
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc5_pwr
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc6_pwr
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc7_pwr
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc8_pwr
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files switching line cards power on and off.
+ Expected behavior:
+ When lc{n}_pwr is written 1, related line card is powered
+ on, when written 0 - powered off.
+
+ The files are read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc1_rst_mask
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc2_rst_mask
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc3_rst_mask
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc4_rst_mask
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc5_rst_mask
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc6_rst_mask
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc7_rst_mask
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lc8_rst_mask
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files clear line card reset bit enforced by ASIC, when it
+ sets it due to some abnormal ASIC behavior.
+ Expected behavior:
+ When lc{n}_rst_mask is written 1, related line card reset bit
+ is cleared, when written 0 - no effect.
+
+ The files are write only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/os_started
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file, when written 1, indicates to programmable devices
+ that OS is taking control over it.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/pm_mgmt_en
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file assigns power management control ownership.
+ When power management control is provided by hardware, hardware
+ will automatically power off one or more line previously
+ powered line cards in case system power budget is getting
+ insufficient. It could be in case when some of power units lost
+ power good state.
+ When pm_mgmt_en is written 1, power management control by
+ software is enabled, 0 - power management control by hardware.
+ Note that for any setting of pm_mgmt_en attribute hardware will
+ not allow to power on any new line card in case system power
+ budget is insufficient.
+ Same in case software will try to power on several line cards
+ at once - hardware will power line cards while system has
+ enough power budget.
+ Default is 0.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/psu3_on
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/psu4_on
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files switching power supply units on and off.
+ Expected behavior:
+ When psu3_on or psu4_on is written 1, related unit will be
+ disconnected from the power source, when written 0 - connected.
+
+ The files are write only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/shutdown_unlock
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file allows to unlock ASIC after thermal shutdown event.
+ When system thermal shutdown is enforced by ASIC, ASIC is
+ getting locked and after system boot it will not be available.
+ Software can decide to unlock it by setting this attribute to
+ 1 and then perform system power cycle by setting pwr_cycle
+ attribute to 1 (power cycle of main power domain).
+ Before setting shutdown_unlock to 1 it is recommended to
+ validate that system reboot cause is reset_asic_thermal or
+ reset_thermal_spc_or_pciesw.
+ In case shutdown_unlock is not set 1, the only way to release
+ ASIC from locking - is full system power cycle through the
+ external power distribution unit.
+ Default is 1.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld1_pn
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld1_version
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld1_version_min
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show with which CPLD major and minor versions
+ and part number has been burned CPLD device on line card.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/fpga1_pn
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/fpga1_version
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/fpga1_version_min
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show with which FPGA major and minor versions
+ and part number has been burned FPGA device on line card.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/vpd_wp
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file allow to overwrite line card VPD hardware write
+ protection mode. When attribute is set 1 - write protection is
+ disabled, when 0 - enabled.
+ Default is 0.
+ If the system is in locked-down mode writing this file will not
+ be allowed.
+ The purpose if this file is to allow line card VPD burning
+ during production flow.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_aux_pwr_or_ref
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_dc_dc_pwr_fail
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_fpga_not_done
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_from_chassis
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_line_card
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_pwr_off_from_chassis
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show the line reset cause, as following: power
+ auxiliary outage or power refresh, DC-to-DC power failure, FPGA reset
+ failed, line card reset failed, power off from chassis.
+ Value 1 in file means this is reset cause, 0 - otherwise. Only one of
+ the above causes could be 1 at the same time, representing only last
+ reset cause.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld_upgrade_en
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/fpga_upgrade_en
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files allow CPLD and FPGA burning. Value 1 in file means burning
+ is enabled, 0 - otherwise.
+ If the system is in locked-down mode writing these files will
+ not be allowed.
+ The purpose of these files to allow line card CPLD and FPGA
+ upgrade through the JTAG daisy-chain.
+
+ The files are read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/qsfp_pwr_en
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/pwr_en
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files allow to power on/off all QSFP ports and whole line card.
+ The attributes are set 1 for power on, 0 - for power off.
+
+ The files are read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/agb_spi_burn_en
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/fpga_spi_burn_en
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files allow gearboxes and FPGA SPI flash burning.
+ The attributes are set 1 to enable burning, 0 - to disable.
+ If the system is in locked-down mode writing these files will
+ not be allowed.
+ The purpose of these files to allow line card Gearboxes and FPGA
+ burning during production flow.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/max_power
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-0032/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/config
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files provide the maximum powered required for line card
+ feeding and line card configuration Id.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/phy_reset
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file allows to reset PHY 88E1548 when attribute is set 0
+ due to some abnormal PHY behavior.
+ Expected behavior:
+ When phy_reset is written 1, all PHY 88E1548 are released
+ from the reset state, when 0 - are hold in reset state.
+
+ The files are read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/mac_reset
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file allows to reset ASIC MT52132 when attribute is set 0
+ due to some abnormal ASIC behavior.
+ Expected behavior:
+ When mac_reset is written 1, the ASIC MT52132 is released
+ from the reset state, when 0 - is hold in reset state.
+
+ The files are read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/qsfp_pwr_good
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file shows QSFP ports power status. The value is set to 0
+ when one of any QSFP ports is plugged. The value is set to 1 when
+ there are no any QSFP ports are plugged.
+ The possible values are:
+ 0 - Power good, 1 - Not power good.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/asic2_health
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file shows 2-nd ASIC health status. The possible values are:
+ 0 - health failed, 2 - health OK, 3 - ASIC in booting state.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/asic_reset
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/asic2_reset
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files allow to each of ASICs by writing 1.
+
+ The files are write only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/comm_chnl_ready
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file is used to indicate remote end (for example BMC) that system
+ host CPU is ready for sending telemetry data to remote end.
+ For indication the file should be written 1.
+
+ The file is write only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/config3
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: The file indicates COME module hardware configuration.
+ The value is pushed by hardware through GPIO pins.
+ The purpose is to expose some minor BOM changes for the same system SKU.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_pwr_converter_fail
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file shows the system reset cause due to power converter
+ devices failure.
+ Value 1 in file means this is reset cause, 0 - otherwise.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/erot1_ap_reset
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/erot2_ap_reset
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files aim to monitor the status of the External Root of Trust (EROT)
+ processor's RESET output to the Application Processor (AP).
+ By reading this file, could be determined if the EROT has invalidated or
+ revoked AP Firmware, at which point it will hold the AP in RESET until a
+ valid firmware is loaded. This protects the AP from running an
+ unauthorized firmware. In the normal flow, the AP reset should be released
+ after the EROT validates the integrity of the FW, and it should be done so
+ as quickly as possible so that the AP boots before the CPU starts to
+ communicate to each ASIC.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/erot1_recovery
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/erot2_recovery
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/erot1_reset
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/erot2_reset
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files aim to perform External Root of Trust (EROT) recovery
+ sequence after EROT device failure.
+ These EROT devices protect ASICs from unauthorized access and in normal
+ flow their reset should be released with system power – earliest power
+ up stage, so that EROTs can begin boot and authentication process before
+ CPU starts to communicate to ASICs.
+ Issuing a reset to the EROT while asserting the recovery signal will cause
+ the EROT Application Processor to enter recovery mode so that the EROT FW
+ can be updated/recovered.
+ For reset/recovery the related file should be toggled by 1/0.
+
+ The files are read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/erot1_wp
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/erot2_wp
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files allow access to External Root of Trust (EROT) for reset
+ and recovery sequence after EROT device failure.
+ Default is 0 (programming disabled).
+ If the system is in locked-down mode writing this file will not be allowed.
+
+ The files are read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/spi_chnl_select
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file allows SPI chip selection for External Root of Trust (EROT)
+ device Out-of-Band recovery.
+ File can be written with 0 or with 1. It selects which EROT can be accessed
+ through SPI device.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/asic_pg_fail
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak vadimp@nvidia.com
+Description: This file shows ASIC Power Good status.
+ Value 1 in file means ASIC Power Good failed, 0 - otherwise.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/clk_brd1_boot_fail
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/clk_brd2_boot_fail
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/clk_brd_fail
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak vadimp@nvidia.com
+Description: These files are related to clock boards status in system.
+ - clk_brd1_boot_fail: warning about 1-st clock board failed to boot from CI.
+ - clk_brd2_boot_fail: warning about 2-nd clock board failed to boot from CI.
+ - clk_brd_fail: error about common clock board boot failure.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/clk_brd_prog_en
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file enables programming of clock boards.
+ Default is 0 (programming disabled).
+ If the system is in locked-down mode writing this file will not be allowed.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/pwr_converter_prog_en
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file enables programming of power converters.
+ Default is 0 (programming disabled).
+ If the system is in locked-down mode writing this file will not be allowed.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_ac_ok_fail
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file shows the system reset cause due to AC power failure.
+ Value 1 in file means this is reset cause, 0 - otherwise.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld5_pn
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld5_version
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/cpld5_version_min
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show with which CPLD part numbers, version and minor
+ versions have been burned the 5-th CPLD device equipped on a
+ system.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/jtag_cap
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file indicates the available method of CPLD/FPGA devices
+ field update through the JTAG chain:
+
+ b00 - field update through LPC bus register memory space.
+ b01 - Reserved.
+ b10 - Reserved.
+ b11 - field update through CPU GPIOs bit-banging.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/lid_open
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: 1 - indicates that system lid is opened, otherwise 0.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_long_pwr_pb
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file if set 1 indicates that system has been reset by
+ long press of power button.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_swb_dc_dc_pwr_fail
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file shows 1 in case the system reset happened due to the
+ failure of any DC-DC power converter devices equipped on the
+ switch board.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/global_wp_request
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file when written 1 activates request to allow access to
+ the write protected flashes. Such request can be performed only
+ for system equipped with BMC (Board Management Controller),
+ which can grant access to protected flashes. In case BMC allows
+ access - it will respond with "global_wp_response". BMC decides
+ regarding time window of granted access. After granted window is
+ expired, BMC will change value back to 0.
+ Default value is 0.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/global_wp_response
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file, when set 1, indicates that access to protected
+ flashes have been granted to host CPU by BMC.
+ Default value is 0.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/mlxreg-io/hwmon/hwmon*/shutdown_unlock
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: When ASICs are getting overheated, system protection
+ hardware mechanism enforces system reboot. After system
+ reboot ASICs come up in locked state. To unlock ASICs,
+ this file should be written 1
+ Default value is 0.
+
+ The file is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-00**/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/boot_progress
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show the Data Process Unit board boot progress
+ state. Valid states are:
+ - 4 : OS starting.
+ - 5 : OS running.
+ - 6 : Low-Power Standby.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-00**/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/dpu_id
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: This file shows hardware Id of Data Process Unit board.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-00**/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_aux_pwr_or_reload
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-00**/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_dpu_thermal
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-00**/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/reset_from_main_board
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files expose the cause of the most recent reset of the Data
+ Processing Unit (DPU) board. The possible causes are:
+ - Power auxiliary outage or power reload.
+ - Thermal shutdown.
+ - Reset request from the main board.
+ Value 1 in file means this is reset cause, 0 - otherwise. Only one of
+ the above causes could be 1 at the same time, representing only last
+ reset cause.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-00**/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/perst_rst
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-00**/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/phy_rst
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-00**/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/tpm_rst
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-00**/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/usbphy_rst
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files allow to reset hardware components of Data Process
+ Unit board. Respectively PCI, Ethernet PHY, TPM and USB PHY
+ resets.
+ Default values for all the attributes is 1. Writing 0 will
+ cause reset of the related component.
+
+ The files are read/write.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/mlxplat/i2c_mlxcpld.*/i2c-*/i2c-*/*-00**/mlxreg-io.*/hwmon/hwmon*/ufm_upgrade
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@nvidia.com>
+Description: These files show status of Unified Fabric Manager upgrade.
+ state. 0 - means upgrade is done, 1 - otherwise.
+
+ The file is read only.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-qla2xxx b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-qla2xxx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9a59d84497ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-qla2xxx
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/qla2xxx/.../devices/*
+Date: September 2009
+Contact: QLogic Linux Driver <linux-driver@qlogic.com>
+Description: qla2xxx-udev.sh currently looks for uevent CHANGE events to
+ signal a firmware-dump has been generated by the driver and is
+ ready for retrieval.
+Users: qla2xxx-udev.sh. Proposed changes should be mailed to
+ linux-driver@qlogic.com
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-speakup b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-speakup
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bcb6831aa114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-speakup
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/attrib_bleep
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Beeps the PC speaker when there is an attribute change such as
+ foreground or background color when using speakup review
+ commands. One = on, zero = off.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/bell_pos
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This works much like a typewriter bell. If for example 72 is
+ echoed to bell_pos, it will beep the PC speaker when typing on
+ a line past character 72.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/bleeps
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This controls whether one hears beeps through the PC speaker
+ when using speakup's review commands.
+ TODO: what values does it accept?
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/bleep_time
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This controls the duration of the PC speaker beeps speakup
+ produces.
+ TODO: What are the units? Jiffies?
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/cursor_time
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This controls cursor delay when using arrow keys. When a
+ connection is very slow, with the default setting, when moving
+ with the arrows, or backspacing etc. speakup says the incorrect
+ characters. Set this to a higher value to adjust for the delay
+ and better synchronisation between cursor position and speech.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/cur_phonetic
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This allows speakup to speak letters phoneticaly when arrowing through
+ a word letter by letter. This doesn't affect the spelling when typing
+ the characters. When cur_phonetic=1, speakup will speak characters
+ phoneticaly when arrowing over a letter. When cur_phonetic=0, speakup
+ will speak letters as normally.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/delimiters
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Delimit a word from speakup.
+ TODO: add more info
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/ex_num
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: TODO:
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/key_echo
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Controls if speakup speaks keys when they are typed. One = on,
+ zero = off or don't echo keys.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/keymap
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Speakup keymap remaps keys to Speakup functions.
+ It uses a binary
+ format. A special program called genmap is needed to compile a
+ textual keymap into the binary format which is then loaded into
+ /sys/accessibility/speakup/keymap.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/no_interrupt
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Controls if typing interrupts output from speakup. With
+ no_interrupt set to zero, typing on the keyboard will interrupt
+ speakup if for example
+ the say screen command is used before the
+ entire screen is read.
+
+ With no_interrupt set to one, if the say
+ screen command is used, and one then types on the keyboard,
+ speakup will continue to say the whole screen regardless until
+ it finishes.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/punc_all
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This is a list of all the punctuation speakup should speak when
+ punc_level is set to four.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/punc_level
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Controls the level of punctuation spoken as the screen is
+ displayed, not reviewed. Levels range from zero no punctuation,
+ to four, all punctuation. One corresponds to punc_some, two
+ corresponds to punc_most, and three as well as four both
+ correspond to punc_all. Some hardware synthesizers may have
+ different levels each corresponding to three and four for
+ punc_level. Also note that if punc_level is set to zero, and
+ key_echo is set to one, typed punctuation is still spoken as it
+ is typed.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/punc_most
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This is a list of all the punctuation speakup should speak when
+ punc_level is set to two.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/punc_some
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This is a list of all the punctuation speakup should speak when
+ punc_level is set to one.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/reading_punc
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Almost the same as punc_level, the differences being that
+ reading_punc controls the level of punctuation when reviewing
+ the screen with speakup's screen review commands. The other
+ difference is that reading_punc set to three speaks punc_all,
+ and reading_punc set to four speaks all punctuation, including
+ spaces.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/repeats
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: A list of characters speakup repeats. Normally, when there are
+ more than three characters in a row, speakup
+ just reads three of
+ those characters. For example, "......" would be read as dot,
+ dot, dot. If a . is added to the list of characters in repeats,
+ "......" would be read as dot, dot, dot, times six.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/say_control
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: If set to one, speakup speaks shift, alt and control when those
+ keys are pressed. If say_control is set to zero, shift, ctrl,
+ and alt are not spoken when they are pressed.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/say_word_ctl
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: TODO:
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/silent
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: TODO:
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/spell_delay
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This controls how fast a word is spelled
+ when speakup's say word
+ review command is pressed twice quickly to speak the current
+ word being reviewed. Zero just speaks the letters one after
+ another, while values one through four
+ seem to introduce more of
+ a pause between the spelling of each letter by speakup.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/synth
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Gets or sets the synthesizer driver currently in use. Reading
+ synth returns the synthesizer driver currently in use. Writing
+ synth switches to the given synthesizer driver, provided it is
+ either built into the kernel, or already loaded as a module.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/synth_direct
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Sends whatever is written to synth_direct
+ directly to the speech synthesizer in use, bypassing speakup.
+ This could be used to make the synthesizer speak
+ a string, or to
+ send control sequences to the synthesizer to change how the
+ synthesizer behaves.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/version
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Reading version returns the version of speakup, and the version
+ of the synthesizer driver currently in use.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/i18n/announcements
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This file contains various general announcements, most of which
+ cannot be categorized. You will find messages such as "You
+ killed Speakup", "I'm alive", "leaving help", "parked",
+ "unparked", and others. You will also find the names of the
+ screen edges and cursor tracking modes here.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/i18n/chartab
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: TODO
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/i18n/ctl_keys
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Here, you will find names of control keys. These are used with
+ Speakup's say_control feature.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/i18n/function_names
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Here, you will find a list of names for Speakup functions.
+ These are used by the help system. For example, suppose that
+ you have activated help mode, and you pressed
+ keypad 3. Speakup
+ says: "keypad 3 is character, say next."
+ The message "character, say next" names a Speakup function, and
+ it comes from this function_names file.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/i18n/states
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This file contains names for key states.
+ Again, these are part of the help system. For instance, if you
+ had pressed speakup + keypad 3, you would hear:
+ "speakup keypad 3 is go to bottom edge."
+
+ The speakup key is depressed, so the name of the key state is
+ speakup.
+
+ This part of the message comes from the states collection.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/i18n/characters
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Through this sys entry, Speakup gives you the ability to change
+ how Speakup pronounces a given character. You could, for
+ example, change how some punctuation characters are spoken. You
+ can even change how Speakup will pronounce certain letters. For
+ further details see '12. Changing the Pronunciation of
+ Characters' in Speakup User's Guide (file spkguide.txt in
+ source).
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/i18n/colors
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: When you use the "say attributes" function, Speakup says the
+ name of the foreground and background colors. These names come
+ from the i18n/colors file.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/i18n/formatted
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This group of messages contains embedded formatting codes, to
+ specify the type and width of displayed data. If you change
+ these, you must preserve all of the formatting codes, and they
+ must appear in the order used by the default messages.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/i18n/key_names
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Again, key_names is used by Speakup's help system. In the
+ previous example, Speakup said that you pressed "keypad 3."
+ This name came from the key_names file.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: In `/sys/accessibility/speakup` is a directory corresponding to
+ the synthesizer driver currently in use (E.G) `soft` for the
+ soft driver. This directory contains files which control the
+ speech synthesizer itself,
+ as opposed to controlling the speakup
+ screen reader. The parameters in this directory have the same
+ names and functions across all
+ supported synthesizers. The range
+ of values for freq, pitch, rate, and vol is the same for all
+ supported synthesizers, with the given range being internally
+ mapped by the driver to more or less fit the range of values
+ supported for a given parameter by the individual synthesizer.
+ Below is a description of values and parameters for soft
+ synthesizer, which is currently the most commonly used.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/caps_start
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This is the string that is sent to the synthesizer to cause it
+ to start speaking uppercase letters. For the soft synthesizer
+ and most others, this causes the pitch of the voice to rise
+ above the currently set pitch.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/caps_stop
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This is the string sent to the synthesizer to cause it to stop
+ speaking uppercase letters. In the case of the soft synthesizer
+ and most others, this returns the pitch of the voice
+ down to the
+ currently set pitch.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/delay_time
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: TODO:
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/direct
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Controls if punctuation is spoken by speakup, or by the
+ synthesizer.
+
+ For example, speakup speaks ">" as "greater", while
+ the espeak synthesizer used by the soft driver speaks "greater
+ than". Zero lets speakup speak the punctuation. One lets the
+ synthesizer itself speak punctuation.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/freq
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Gets or sets the frequency of the speech synthesizer. Range is
+ 0-9.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/flush_time
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Gets or sets the timeout to wait for the synthesizer flush to
+ complete. This can be used when the cable gets faulty and flush
+ notifications are getting lost.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/full_time
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: TODO:
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/jiffy_delta
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: This controls how many jiffys the kernel gives to the
+ synthesizer. Setting this too high can make a system unstable,
+ or even crash it.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/pitch
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Gets or sets the pitch of the synthesizer. The range is 0-9.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/inflection
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Gets or sets the inflection of the synthesizer, i.e. the pitch
+ range. The range is 0-9.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/punct
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Gets or sets the amount of punctuation spoken by the
+ synthesizer. The range for the soft driver seems to be 0-2.
+ TODO: How is this related to speakup's punc_level, or
+ reading_punc.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/rate
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Gets or sets the rate of the synthesizer. Range is from zero
+ slowest, to nine fastest.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/tone
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Gets or sets the tone of the speech synthesizer. The range for
+ the soft driver seems to be 0-2. This seems to make no
+ difference if using espeak and the espeakup connector.
+ TODO: does espeakup support different tonalities?
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/trigger_time
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: TODO:
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/voice
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Gets or sets the voice used by the synthesizer if the
+ synthesizer can speak in more than one voice. The range for the
+ soft driver is 0-7. Note that while espeak supports multiple
+ voices, this parameter will not set the voice when the espeakup
+ connector is used between speakup and espeak.
+
+What: /sys/accessibility/speakup/<synth-name>/vol
+KernelVersion: 2.6
+Contact: speakup@linux-speakup.org
+Description: Gets or sets the volume of the speech synthesizer. Range is 0-9,
+ with zero being the softest, and nine being the loudest.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-usb-usbtmc b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-usb-usbtmc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a9e123ba32cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-usb-usbtmc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/*/interface_capabilities
+What: /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/*/device_capabilities
+Date: August 2008
+Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
+Description:
+ These files show the various USB TMC capabilities as described
+ by the device itself. The full description of the bitfields
+ can be found in the USB TMC documents from the USB-IF entitled
+ "Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class Specification
+ (USBTMC) Revision 1.0" section 4.2.1.8.
+
+ The files are read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/*/usb488_interface_capabilities
+What: /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/*/usb488_device_capabilities
+Date: August 2008
+Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
+Description:
+ These files show the various USB TMC capabilities as described
+ by the device itself. The full description of the bitfields
+ can be found in the USB TMC documents from the USB-IF entitled
+ "Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class, Subclass
+ USB488 Specification (USBTMC-USB488) Revision 1.0" section
+ 4.2.2.
+
+ The files are read only.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-w1_ds2438 b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-w1_ds2438
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d2e7681cc287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-w1_ds2438
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../page1
+Date: April 2021
+Contact: Luiz Sampaio <sampaio.ime@gmail.com>
+Description: read the contents of the page1 of the DS2438
+ see Documentation/w1/slaves/w1_ds2438.rst for detailed information
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with DS2438
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../offset
+Date: April 2021
+Contact: Luiz Sampaio <sampaio.ime@gmail.com>
+Description: write the contents to the offset register of the DS2438
+ see Documentation/w1/slaves/w1_ds2438.rst for detailed information
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with DS2438
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28e04 b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28e04
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3e1c1fa8d54d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28e04
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../pio
+Date: May 2012
+Contact: Markus Franke <franm@hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
+Description: read/write the contents of the two PIO's of the DS28E04-100
+ see Documentation/w1/slaves/w1_ds28e04.rst for detailed information
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with DS28E04-100
+
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../eeprom
+Date: May 2012
+Contact: Markus Franke <franm@hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
+Description: read/write the contents of the EEPROM memory of the DS28E04-100
+ see Documentation/w1/slaves/w1_ds28e04.rst for detailed information
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with DS28E04-100
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28ea00 b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28ea00
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..534e63731a49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28ea00
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../w1_seq
+Date: Apr 2015
+Contact: Matt Campbell <mattrcampbell@gmail.com>
+Description: Support for the DS28EA00 chain sequence function
+ see Documentation/w1/slaves/w1_therm.rst for detailed information
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with DS28EA00
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-firmware-opal-dump b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-firmware-opal-dump
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1f74f45327ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-firmware-opal-dump
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/opal/dump
+Date: Feb 2014
+Contact: Stewart Smith <stewart@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Description:
+ This directory exposes interfaces for interacting with
+ the FSP and platform dumps through OPAL firmware interface.
+
+ This is only for the powerpc/powernv platform.
+
+ =============== ===============================================
+ initiate_dump: When '1' is written to it,
+ we will initiate a dump.
+ Read this file for supported commands.
+
+ 0xXX-0xYYYY: A directory for dump of type 0xXX and
+ id 0xYYYY (in hex). The name of this
+ directory should not be relied upon to
+ be in this format, only that it's unique
+ among all dumps. For determining the type
+ and ID of the dump, use the id and type files.
+ Do not rely on any particular size of dump
+ type or dump id.
+ =============== ===============================================
+
+ Each dump has the following files:
+
+ =============== ===============================================
+ id: An ASCII representation of the dump ID
+ in hex (e.g. '0x01')
+ type: An ASCII representation of the type of
+ dump in the format "0x%x %s" with the ID
+ in hex and a description of the dump type
+ (or 'unknown').
+ Type '0xffffffff unknown' is used when
+ we could not get the type from firmware.
+ e.g. '0x02 System/Platform Dump'
+ dump: A binary file containing the dump.
+ The size of the dump is the size of this file.
+ acknowledge: When 'ack' is written to this, we will
+ acknowledge that we've retrieved the
+ dump to the service processor. It will
+ then remove it, making the dump
+ inaccessible.
+ Reading this file will get a list of
+ supported actions.
+ =============== ===============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-firmware-opal-elog b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-firmware-opal-elog
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7c8a61a2d005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-firmware-opal-elog
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/opal/elog
+Date: Feb 2014
+Contact: Stewart Smith <stewart@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Description:
+ This directory exposes error log entries retrieved
+ through the OPAL firmware interface.
+
+ Each error log is identified by a unique ID and will
+ exist until explicitly acknowledged to firmware.
+
+ Each log entry has a directory in /sys/firmware/opal/elog.
+
+ Log entries may be purged by the service processor
+ before retrieved by firmware or retrieved/acknowledged by
+ Linux if there is no room for more log entries.
+
+ In the event that Linux has retrieved the log entries
+ but not explicitly acknowledged them to firmware and
+ the service processor needs more room for log entries,
+ the only remaining copy of a log message may be in
+ Linux.
+
+ Typically, a user space daemon will monitor for new
+ entries, read them out and acknowledge them.
+
+ The service processor may be able to store more log
+ entries than firmware can, so after you acknowledge
+ an event from Linux you may instantly get another one
+ from the queue that was generated some time in the past.
+
+ The raw log format is a binary format. We currently
+ do not parse this at all in kernel, leaving it up to
+ user space to solve the problem. In future, we may
+ do more parsing in kernel and add more files to make
+ it easier for simple user space processes to extract
+ more information.
+
+ For each log entry (directory), there are the following
+ files:
+
+ ============== ================================================
+ id: An ASCII representation of the ID of the
+ error log, in hex - e.g. "0x01".
+
+ type: An ASCII representation of the type id and
+ description of the type of error log.
+ Currently just "0x00 PEL" - platform error log.
+ In the future there may be additional types.
+
+ raw: A read-only binary file that can be read
+ to get the raw log entry. These are
+ <16kb, often just hundreds of bytes and
+ "average" 2kb.
+
+ acknowledge: Writing 'ack' to this file will acknowledge
+ the error log to firmware (and in turn
+ the service processor, if applicable).
+ Shortly after acknowledging it, the log
+ entry will be removed from sysfs.
+ Reading this file will list the supported
+ operations (currently just acknowledge).
+ ============== ================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-fs-orangefs b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-fs-orangefs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..affdb114bd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-fs-orangefs
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+What: /sys/fs/orangefs/perf_counters/*
+Date: Jun 2015
+Contact: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
+Description:
+ Counters and settings for various caches.
+ Read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/fs/orangefs/perf_counter_reset
+Date: June 2015
+Contact: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
+Description:
+ echo a 0 or a 1 into perf_counter_reset to
+ reset all the counters in
+ /sys/fs/orangefs/perf_counters
+ except ones with PINT_PERF_PRESERVE set.
+
+
+What: /sys/fs/orangefs/perf_time_interval_secs
+Date: Jun 2015
+Contact: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
+Description:
+ Length of perf counter intervals in
+ seconds.
+
+
+What: /sys/fs/orangefs/perf_history_size
+Date: Jun 2015
+Contact: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
+Description:
+ The perf_counters cache statistics have N, or
+ perf_history_size, samples. The default is
+ one.
+
+ Every perf_time_interval_secs the (first)
+ samples are reset.
+
+ If N is greater than one, the "current" set
+ of samples is reset, and the samples from the
+ other N-1 intervals remain available.
+
+
+What: /sys/fs/orangefs/op_timeout_secs
+Date: Jun 2015
+Contact: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
+Description:
+ Service operation timeout in seconds.
+
+
+What: /sys/fs/orangefs/slot_timeout_secs
+Date: Jun 2015
+Contact: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
+Description:
+ "Slot" timeout in seconds. A "slot"
+ is an indexed buffer in the shared
+ memory segment used for communication
+ between the kernel module and userspace.
+ Slots are requested and waited for,
+ the wait times out after slot_timeout_secs.
+
+
+What: /sys/fs/orangefs/acache/*
+Date: Jun 2015
+Contact: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
+Description:
+ Attribute cache configurable settings.
+
+
+What: /sys/fs/orangefs/ncache/*
+Date: Jun 2015
+Contact: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
+Description:
+ Name cache configurable settings.
+
+
+What: /sys/fs/orangefs/capcache/*
+Date: Jun 2015
+Contact: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
+Description:
+ Capability cache configurable settings.
+
+
+What: /sys/fs/orangefs/ccache/*
+Date: Jun 2015
+Contact: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
+Description:
+ Credential cache configurable settings.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-hypervisor-xen b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-hypervisor-xen
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..be9ca9981bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-hypervisor-xen
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+What: /sys/hypervisor/compilation/compile_date
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Contains the build time stamp of the Xen hypervisor
+ Might return "<denied>" in case of special security settings
+ in the hypervisor.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/compilation/compiled_by
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Contains information who built the Xen hypervisor
+ Might return "<denied>" in case of special security settings
+ in the hypervisor.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/compilation/compiler
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Compiler which was used to build the Xen hypervisor
+ Might return "<denied>" in case of special security settings
+ in the hypervisor.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/properties/capabilities
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Space separated list of supported guest system types. Each type
+ is in the format: <class>-<major>.<minor>-<arch>
+ With:
+
+ ======== ============================================
+ <class>: "xen" -- x86: paravirtualized, arm: standard
+ "hvm" -- x86 only: fully virtualized
+ <major>: major guest interface version
+ <minor>: minor guest interface version
+ <arch>: architecture, e.g.:
+ "x86_32": 32 bit x86 guest without PAE
+ "x86_32p": 32 bit x86 guest with PAE
+ "x86_64": 64 bit x86 guest
+ "armv7l": 32 bit arm guest
+ "aarch64": 64 bit arm guest
+ ======== ============================================
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/properties/changeset
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Changeset of the hypervisor (git commit)
+ Might return "<denied>" in case of special security settings
+ in the hypervisor.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/properties/features
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Features the Xen hypervisor supports for the guest as defined
+ in include/xen/interface/features.h printed as a hex value.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/properties/pagesize
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Default page size of the hypervisor printed as a hex value.
+ Might return "0" in case of special security settings
+ in the hypervisor.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/properties/virtual_start
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Virtual address of the hypervisor as a hex value.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/type
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Type of hypervisor:
+ "xen": Xen hypervisor
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/uuid
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ UUID of the guest as known to the Xen hypervisor.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/version/extra
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ The Xen version is in the format <major>.<minor><extra>
+ This is the <extra> part of it.
+ Might return "<denied>" in case of special security settings
+ in the hypervisor.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/version/major
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ The Xen version is in the format <major>.<minor><extra>
+ This is the <major> part of it.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/version/minor
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ The Xen version is in the format <major>.<minor><extra>
+ This is the <minor> part of it.
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/start_flags/*
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3.0
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ All bits in Xen's start-flags are represented as
+ boolean files, returning '1' if set, '0' otherwise.
+ This takes the place of the defunct /proc/xen/capabilities,
+ which would contain "control_d" on dom0, and be empty
+ otherwise. This flag is now exposed as "initdomain" in
+ addition to the "privileged" flag; all other possible flags
+ are accessible as "unknownXX".
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-kernel-notes b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-kernel-notes
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2c76ee9e67f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-kernel-notes
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/notes
+Date: July 2009
+Contact: <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: The /sys/kernel/notes file contains the binary representation
+ of the running vmlinux's .notes section.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-kernel-time-aux-clocks b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-kernel-time-aux-clocks
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..825508f42af6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-kernel-time-aux-clocks
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/time/aux_clocks/<ID>/enable
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Controls the enablement of auxiliary clock timekeepers.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-module b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-module
index 75be43118335..41b1f16e8795 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-module
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-module
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-What: /sys/module
-Description:
- The /sys/module tree consists of the following structure:
+The /sys/module tree consists of the following structure:
- /sys/module/MODULENAME
+What: /sys/module/<MODULENAME>
+Description:
The name of the module that is in the kernel. This
- module name will show up either if the module is built
- directly into the kernel, or if it is loaded as a
- dyanmic module.
+ module name will always show up if the module is loaded as a
+ dynamic module. If it is built directly into the kernel, it
+ will only show up if it has a version or at least one
+ parameter.
+
+ Note: The conditions of creation in the built-in case are not
+ by design and may be removed in the future.
- /sys/module/MODULENAME/parameters
+What: /sys/module/<MODULENAME>/parameters
+Description:
This directory contains individual files that are each
individual parameters of the module that are able to be
changed at runtime. See the individual module
@@ -21,10 +25,23 @@ Description:
individual driver documentation for details as to the
stability of the different parameters.
- /sys/module/MODULENAME/refcnt
+What: /sys/module/<MODULENAME>/refcnt
+Description:
If the module is able to be unloaded from the kernel, this file
will contain the current reference count of the module.
Note: If the module is built into the kernel, or if the
CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD kernel configuration value is not enabled,
this file will not be present.
+
+What: /sys/module/<MODULENAME>/srcversion
+Date: Jun 2005
+Description:
+ If the module source has MODULE_VERSION, this file will contain
+ the checksum of the source code.
+
+What: /sys/module/<MODULENAME>/version
+Date: Jun 2005
+Description:
+ If the module source has MODULE_VERSION, this file will contain
+ the version of the source code.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-platform-wmi-bmof b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-platform-wmi-bmof
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2881244e3f09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-platform-wmi-bmof
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910[-X]/bmof
+Date: Jun 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Description:
+ Binary MOF metadata used to describe the details of available ACPI WMI interfaces.
+
+ See Documentation/wmi/devices/wmi-bmof.rst for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-transport-srp b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-transport-srp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ec7af69fea0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-transport-srp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+What: /sys/class/srp_remote_ports/port-<h>:<n>/delete
+Date: June 1, 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.7
+Contact: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org, linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Instructs an SRP initiator to disconnect from a target and to
+ remove all LUNs imported from that target.
+
+What: /sys/class/srp_remote_ports/port-<h>:<n>/dev_loss_tmo
+Date: February 1, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org, linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Number of seconds the SCSI layer will wait after a transport
+ layer error has been observed before removing a target port.
+ Zero means immediate removal. Setting this attribute to "off"
+ will disable the dev_loss timer.
+
+What: /sys/class/srp_remote_ports/port-<h>:<n>/fast_io_fail_tmo
+Date: February 1, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org, linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Number of seconds the SCSI layer will wait after a transport
+ layer error has been observed before failing I/O. Zero means
+ failing I/O immediately. Setting this attribute to "off" will
+ disable the fast_io_fail timer.
+
+What: /sys/class/srp_remote_ports/port-<h>:<n>/port_id
+Date: June 27, 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.24
+Contact: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org
+Description: 16-byte local SRP port identifier in hexadecimal format. An
+ example: 4c:49:4e:55:58:20:56:49:4f:00:00:00:00:00:00:00.
+
+What: /sys/class/srp_remote_ports/port-<h>:<n>/reconnect_delay
+Date: February 1, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org, linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Number of seconds the SCSI layer will wait after a reconnect
+ attempt failed before retrying. Setting this attribute to
+ "off" will disable time-based reconnecting.
+
+What: /sys/class/srp_remote_ports/port-<h>:<n>/roles
+Date: June 27, 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.24
+Contact: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Role of the remote port. Either "SRP Initiator" or "SRP Target".
+
+What: /sys/class/srp_remote_ports/port-<h>:<n>/state
+Date: February 1, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org, linux-rdma@vger.kernel.org
+Description: State of the transport layer used for communication with the
+ remote port. "running" if the transport layer is operational;
+ "blocked" if a transport layer error has been encountered but
+ the fast_io_fail_tmo timer has not yet fired; "fail-fast"
+ after the fast_io_fail_tmo timer has fired and before the
+ "dev_loss_tmo" timer has fired; "lost" after the
+ "dev_loss_tmo" timer has fired and before the port is finally
+ removed.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/thermal-notification b/Documentation/ABI/stable/thermal-notification
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9723e8b7aeb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/thermal-notification
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+What: A notification mechanism for thermal related events
+Description:
+ This interface enables notification for thermal related events.
+ The notification is in the form of a netlink event.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/vdso b/Documentation/ABI/stable/vdso
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..85dbb6a160df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/vdso
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+What: vDSO
+Date: July 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Description:
+
+On some architectures, when the kernel loads any userspace program it
+maps an ELF DSO into that program's address space. This DSO is called
+the vDSO and it often contains useful and highly-optimized alternatives
+to real syscalls.
+
+These functions are called according to your platform's ABI. On many
+platforms they are called just like ordinary C function. On other platforms
+(ex: powerpc) they are called with the same convention as system calls which
+is different from ordinary C functions. Call them from a sensible context.
+(For example, if you set CS on x86 to something strange, the vDSO functions are
+within their rights to crash.) In addition, if you pass a bad
+pointer to a vDSO function, you might get SIGSEGV instead of -EFAULT.
+
+To find the DSO, parse the auxiliary vector passed to the program's
+entry point. The AT_SYSINFO_EHDR entry will point to the vDSO.
+
+The vDSO uses symbol versioning; whenever you request a symbol from the
+vDSO, specify the version you are expecting.
+
+Programs that dynamically link to glibc will use the vDSO automatically.
+Otherwise, you can use the reference parser in
+tools/testing/selftests/vDSO/parse_vdso.c.
+
+Unless otherwise noted, the set of symbols with any given version and the
+ABI of those symbols is considered stable. It may vary across architectures,
+though.
+
+Note:
+ As of this writing, this ABI documentation as been confirmed for x86_64.
+ The maintainers of the other vDSO-using architectures should confirm
+ that it is correct for their architecture.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-acpi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-acpi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c09b640c3cb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-acpi
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+What: /config/acpi
+Date: July 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.8
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This represents the ACPI subsystem entry point directory. It
+ contains sub-groups corresponding to ACPI configurable options.
+
+What: /config/acpi/table
+Date: July 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.8
+Description:
+
+ This group contains the configuration for user defined ACPI
+ tables. The attributes of a user define table are:
+
+ aml
+ - a binary attribute that the user can use to
+ fill in the ACPI aml definitions. Once the aml
+ data is written to this file and the file is
+ closed the table will be loaded and ACPI devices
+ will be enumerated. To check if the operation is
+ successful the user must check the error code
+ for close(). If the operation is successful,
+ subsequent writes to this attribute will fail.
+
+ The rest of the attributes are read-only and are valid only
+ after the table has been loaded by filling the aml entry:
+
+ signature
+ - ASCII table signature
+
+ length
+ - length of table in bytes, including the header
+
+ revision
+ - ACPI Specification minor version number
+
+ oem_id
+ - ASCII OEM identification
+
+ oem_table_id
+ - ASCII OEM table identification
+
+ oem_revision
+ - OEM revision number
+
+ asl_compiler_id
+ - ASCII ASL compiler vendor ID
+
+ asl_compiler_revision
+ - ASL compiler version
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-iio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-iio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1637fcb50f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-iio
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+What: /config/iio
+Date: October 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This represents Industrial IO configuration entry point
+ directory. It contains sub-groups corresponding to IIO
+ objects.
+
+What: /config/iio/triggers
+Date: October 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Description:
+ Industrial IO software triggers directory.
+
+What: /config/iio/triggers/hrtimers
+Date: October 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Description:
+ High resolution timers directory. Creating a directory here
+ will result in creating a hrtimer trigger in the IIO subsystem.
+
+What: /config/iio/devices
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Description:
+ Industrial IO software devices directory.
+
+What: /config/iio/devices/dummy
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Description:
+ Dummy IIO devices directory. Creating a directory here will result
+ in creating a dummy IIO device in the IIO subsystem.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-most b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-most
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0a4b8649aa5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-most
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/config/most_<component>
+Date: March 8, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Description: Interface is used to configure and connect device channels
+ to component drivers.
+
+ Attributes are visible only when configfs is mounted. To mount
+ configfs in /sys/kernel/config directory use:
+ # mount -t configfs none /sys/kernel/config/
+
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/most_cdev/<link>
+Date: March 8, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ buffer_size
+ configure the buffer size for this channel
+
+ subbuffer_size
+ configure the sub-buffer size for this channel
+ (needed for synchronous and isochronous data)
+
+
+ num_buffers
+ configure number of buffers used for this
+ channel
+
+ datatype
+ configure type of data that will travel over
+ this channel
+
+ direction
+ configure whether this link will be an input
+ or output
+
+ dbr_size
+ configure DBR data buffer size (this is used
+ for MediaLB communication only)
+
+ packets_per_xact
+ configure the number of packets that will be
+ collected from the network before being
+ transmitted via USB (this is used for USB
+ communication only)
+
+ device
+ name of the device the link is to be attached to
+
+ channel
+ name of the channel the link is to be attached to
+
+ comp_params
+ pass parameters needed by some components
+
+ create_link
+ write '1' to this attribute to trigger the
+ creation of the link. In case of speculative
+ configuration, the creation is post-poned until
+ a physical device is being attached to the bus.
+
+ destroy_link
+ write '1' to this attribute to destroy an
+ active link
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/most_video/<link>
+Date: March 8, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ buffer_size
+ configure the buffer size for this channel
+
+ subbuffer_size
+ configure the sub-buffer size for this channel
+ (needed for synchronous and isochronous data)
+
+
+ num_buffers
+ configure number of buffers used for this
+ channel
+
+ datatype
+ configure type of data that will travel over
+ this channel
+
+ direction
+ configure whether this link will be an input
+ or output
+
+ dbr_size
+ configure DBR data buffer size (this is used
+ for MediaLB communication only)
+
+ packets_per_xact
+ configure the number of packets that will be
+ collected from the network before being
+ transmitted via USB (this is used for USB
+ communication only)
+
+ device
+ name of the device the link is to be attached to
+
+ channel
+ name of the channel the link is to be attached to
+
+ comp_params
+ pass parameters needed by some components
+
+ create_link
+ write '1' to this attribute to trigger the
+ creation of the link. In case of speculative
+ configuration, the creation is post-poned until
+ a physical device is being attached to the bus.
+
+ destroy_link
+ write '1' to this attribute to destroy an
+ active link
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/most_net/<link>
+Date: March 8, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ buffer_size
+ configure the buffer size for this channel
+
+ subbuffer_size
+ configure the sub-buffer size for this channel
+ (needed for synchronous and isochronous data)
+
+
+ num_buffers
+ configure number of buffers used for this
+ channel
+
+ datatype
+ configure type of data that will travel over
+ this channel
+
+ direction
+ configure whether this link will be an input
+ or output
+
+ dbr_size
+ configure DBR data buffer size (this is used
+ for MediaLB communication only)
+
+ packets_per_xact
+ configure the number of packets that will be
+ collected from the network before being
+ transmitted via USB (this is used for USB
+ communication only)
+
+ device
+ name of the device the link is to be attached to
+
+ channel
+ name of the channel the link is to be attached to
+
+ comp_params
+ pass parameters needed by some components
+
+ create_link
+ write '1' to this attribute to trigger the
+ creation of the link. In case of speculative
+ configuration, the creation is post-poned until
+ a physical device is being attached to the bus.
+
+ destroy_link
+ write '1' to this attribute to destroy an
+ active link
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/most_sound/<card>
+Date: March 8, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ create_card
+ write '1' to this attribute to trigger the
+ registration of the sound card with the ALSA
+ subsystem.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/most_sound/<card>/<link>
+Date: March 8, 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ buffer_size
+ configure the buffer size for this channel
+
+ subbuffer_size
+ configure the sub-buffer size for this channel
+ (needed for synchronous and isochronous data)
+
+
+ num_buffers
+ configure number of buffers used for this
+ channel
+
+ datatype
+ configure type of data that will travel over
+ this channel
+
+ direction
+ configure whether this link will be an input
+ or output
+
+ dbr_size
+ configure DBR data buffer size (this is used
+ for MediaLB communication only)
+
+ packets_per_xact
+ configure the number of packets that will be
+ collected from the network before being
+ transmitted via USB (this is used for USB
+ communication only)
+
+ device
+ name of the device the link is to be attached to
+
+ channel
+ name of the channel the link is to be attached to
+
+ comp_params
+ pass parameters needed by some components
+
+ create_link
+ write '1' to this attribute to trigger the
+ creation of the link. In case of speculative
+ configuration, the creation is post-poned until
+ a physical device is being attached to the bus.
+
+ destroy_link
+ write '1' to this attribute to destroy an
+ active link
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-rdma_cm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-rdma_cm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..74f9506f42e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-rdma_cm
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+What: /config/rdma_cm
+Date: November 29, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4.0
+Description: Interface is used to configure RDMA-cable HCAs in respect to
+ RDMA-CM attributes.
+
+ Attributes are visible only when configfs is mounted. To mount
+ configfs in /config directory use:
+ # mount -t configfs none /config/
+
+ In order to set parameters related to a specific HCA, a directory
+ for this HCA has to be created:
+ mkdir -p /config/rdma_cm/<hca>
+
+
+What: /config/rdma_cm/<hca>/ports/<port-num>/default_roce_mode
+Date: November 29, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4.0
+Description: RDMA-CM based connections from HCA <hca> at port <port-num>
+ will be initiated with this RoCE type as default.
+ The possible RoCE types are either "IB/RoCE v1" or "RoCE v2".
+ This parameter has RW access.
+
+What: /config/rdma_cm/<hca>/ports/<port-num>/default_roce_tos
+Date: February 7, 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.11.0
+Description: RDMA-CM QPs from HCA <hca> at port <port-num>
+ will be created with this TOS as default.
+ This can be overridden by using the rdma_set_option API.
+ The possible RoCE TOS values are 0-255.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-spear-pcie-gadget b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-spear-pcie-gadget
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cf877bd341df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-spear-pcie-gadget
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+What: /config/pcie-gadget
+Date: Feb 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: Pratyush Anand <pratyush.anand@gmail.com>
+Description:
+
+ Interface is used to configure selected dual mode PCIe controller
+ as device and then program its various registers to configure it
+ as a particular device type.
+ This interfaces can be used to show spear's PCIe device capability.
+
+ Nodes are only visible when configfs is mounted. To mount configfs
+ in /config directory use::
+
+ # mount -t configfs none /config/
+
+ For nth PCIe Device Controller /config/pcie-gadget.n/:
+
+ =============== ======================================================
+ link used to enable ltssm and read its status.
+ int_type used to configure and read type of supported interrupt
+ no_of_msi used to configure number of MSI vector needed and
+ to read no of MSI granted.
+ inta write 1 to assert INTA and 0 to de-assert.
+ send_msi write MSI vector to be sent.
+ vendor_id used to write and read vendor id (hex)
+ device_id used to write and read device id (hex)
+ bar0_size used to write and read bar0_size
+ bar0_address used to write and read bar0 mapped area in hex.
+ bar0_rw_offset used to write and read offset of bar0 where bar0_data
+ will be written or read.
+ bar0_data used to write and read data at bar0_rw_offset.
+ =============== ======================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-stp-policy b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-stp-policy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..421ce6825c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-stp-policy
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+What: /config/stp-policy
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Description:
+ This group contains policies mandating Master/Channel allocation
+ for software sources wishing to send trace data over an STM
+ device.
+
+What: /config/stp-policy/<device>.<policy>
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Description:
+ This group is the root of a policy; its name is a concatenation
+ of an stm device name to which this policy applies and an
+ arbitrary string. If <device> part doesn't match an existing
+ stm device, mkdir will fail with ENODEV; if that device already
+ has a policy assigned to it, mkdir will fail with EBUSY.
+
+What: /config/stp-policy/<device>.<policy>/device
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Description:
+ STM device to which this policy applies, read only. Same as the
+ <device> component of its parent directory.
+
+What: /config/stp-policy/<device>.<policy>/<node>
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Description:
+ Policy node is a string identifier that software clients will
+ use to request a master/channel to be allocated and assigned to
+ them.
+
+What: /config/stp-policy/<device>.<policy>/<node>/masters
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Description:
+ Range of masters from which to allocate for users of this node.
+ Write two numbers: the first master and the last master number.
+
+What: /config/stp-policy/<device>.<policy>/<node>/channels
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Description:
+ Range of channels from which to allocate for users of this node.
+ Write two numbers: the first channel and the last channel
+ number.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-stp-policy-p_sys-t b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-stp-policy-p_sys-t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b290d1c00dcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-stp-policy-p_sys-t
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+What: /config/stp-policy/<device>:p_sys-t.<policy>/<node>/uuid
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Description:
+ UUID source identifier string, RW.
+ Default value is randomly generated at the mkdir <node> time.
+ Data coming from trace sources that use this <node> will be
+ tagged with this UUID in the MIPI SyS-T packet stream, to
+ allow the decoder to discern between different sources
+ within the same master/channel range, and identify the
+ higher level decoders that may be needed for each source.
+
+What: /config/stp-policy/<device>:p_sys-t.<policy>/<node>/do_len
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Description:
+ Include payload length in the MIPI SyS-T header, boolean.
+ If enabled, the SyS-T protocol encoder will include payload
+ length in each packet's metadata. This is normally redundant
+ if the underlying transport protocol supports marking message
+ boundaries (which STP does), so this is off by default.
+
+What: /config/stp-policy/<device>:p_sys-t.<policy>/<node>/ts_interval
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Description:
+ Time interval in milliseconds. Include a timestamp in the
+ MIPI SyS-T packet metadata, if this many milliseconds have
+ passed since the previous packet from this source. Zero is
+ the default and stands for "never send the timestamp".
+
+What: /config/stp-policy/<device>:p_sys-t.<policy>/<node>/clocksync_interval
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Description:
+ Time interval in milliseconds. Send a CLOCKSYNC packet if
+ this many milliseconds have passed since the previous
+ CLOCKSYNC packet from this source. Zero is the default and
+ stands for "never send the CLOCKSYNC". It makes sense to
+ use this option with sources that generate constant and/or
+ periodic data, like stm_heartbeat.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-tsm-report b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-tsm-report
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..534408bc1408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-tsm-report
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/inblob
+Date: September, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.7
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (WO) Up to 64 bytes of user specified binary data. For replay
+ protection this should include a nonce, but the kernel does not
+ place any restrictions on the content.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/outblob
+Date: September, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.7
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Binary attestation report generated from @inblob and other
+ options The format of the report is implementation specific
+ where the implementation is conveyed via the @provider
+ attribute.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/auxblob
+Date: October, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.7
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Optional supplemental data that a TSM may emit, visibility
+ of this attribute depends on TSM, and may be empty if no
+ auxiliary data is available.
+
+ When @provider is "sev_guest" this file contains the
+ "cert_table" from SEV-ES Guest-Hypervisor Communication Block
+ Standardization v2.03 Section 4.1.8.1 MSG_REPORT_REQ.
+ https://www.amd.com/content/dam/amd/en/documents/epyc-technical-docs/specifications/56421.pdf
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/manifestblob
+Date: January, 2024
+KernelVersion: v6.10
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Optional supplemental data that a TSM may emit, visibility
+ of this attribute depends on TSM, and may be empty if no
+ manifest data is available.
+
+ See 'service_provider' for information on the format of the
+ manifest blob.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/provider
+Date: September, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.7
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) A name for the format-specification of @outblob like
+ "sev_guest" [1] or "tdx_guest" [2] in the near term, or a
+ common standard format in the future.
+
+ [1]: SEV Secure Nested Paging Firmware ABI Specification
+ Revision 1.55 Table 22
+ https://www.amd.com/content/dam/amd/en/documents/epyc-technical-docs/specifications/56860.pdf
+
+ [2]: Intel® Trust Domain Extensions Data Center Attestation
+ Primitives : Quote Generation Library and Quote Verification
+ Library Revision 0.8 Appendix 4,5
+ https://download.01.org/intel-sgx/latest/dcap-latest/linux/docs/Intel_TDX_DCAP_Quoting_Library_API.pdf
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/generation
+Date: September, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.7
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The value in this attribute increments each time @inblob or
+ any option is written. Userspace can detect conflicts by
+ checking generation before writing to any attribute and making
+ sure the number of writes matches expectations after reading
+ @outblob, or it can prevent conflicts by creating a report
+ instance per requesting context.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/privlevel
+Date: September, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.7
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (WO) Attribute is visible if a TSM implementation provider
+ supports the concept of attestation reports for TVMs running at
+ different privilege levels, like SEV-SNP "VMPL", specify the
+ privilege level via this attribute. The minimum acceptable
+ value is conveyed via @privlevel_floor and the maximum
+ acceptable value is TSM_PRIVLEVEL_MAX (3).
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/privlevel_floor
+Date: September, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.7
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Indicates the minimum permissible value that can be written
+ to @privlevel.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/service_provider
+Date: January, 2024
+KernelVersion: v6.10
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (WO) Attribute is visible if a TSM implementation provider
+ supports the concept of attestation reports from a service
+ provider for TVMs, like SEV-SNP running under an SVSM.
+ Specifying the service provider via this attribute will create
+ an attestation report as specified by the service provider.
+ The only currently supported service provider is "svsm".
+
+ For the "svsm" service provider, see the Secure VM Service Module
+ for SEV-SNP Guests v1.00 Section 7. For the doc, search for
+ "site:amd.com "Secure VM Service Module for SEV-SNP
+ Guests", docID: 58019"
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/service_guid
+Date: January, 2024
+KernelVersion: v6.10
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (WO) Attribute is visible if a TSM implementation provider
+ supports the concept of attestation reports from a service
+ provider for TVMs, like SEV-SNP running under an SVSM.
+ Specifying an empty/null GUID (00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000)
+ requests all active services within the service provider be
+ part of the attestation report. Specifying a GUID request
+ an attestation report of just the specified service using the
+ manifest form specified by the service_manifest_version
+ attribute.
+
+ See 'service_provider' for information on the format of the
+ service guid.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/config/tsm/report/$name/service_manifest_version
+Date: January, 2024
+KernelVersion: v6.10
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (WO) Attribute is visible if a TSM implementation provider
+ supports the concept of attestation reports from a service
+ provider for TVMs, like SEV-SNP running under an SVSM.
+ Indicates the service manifest version requested for the
+ attestation report (default 0). If this field is not set by
+ the user, the default manifest version of the service (the
+ service's initial/first manifest version) is returned.
+
+ See 'service_provider' for information on the format of the
+ service manifest version.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a8bb896def54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ This group contains sub-groups corresponding to created
+ USB gadgets.
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+
+ The attributes of a gadget:
+
+ ================ ============================================
+ UDC bind a gadget to UDC/unbind a gadget;
+ write UDC's name found in /sys/class/udc/*
+ to bind a gadget, empty string "" to unbind.
+
+ max_speed maximum speed the driver supports. Valid
+ names are super-speed-plus, super-speed,
+ high-speed, full-speed, and low-speed.
+
+ bDeviceClass USB device class code
+ bDeviceSubClass USB device subclass code
+ bDeviceProtocol USB device protocol code
+ bMaxPacketSize0 maximum endpoint 0 packet size
+ bcdDevice bcd device release number
+ bcdUSB bcd USB specification version number
+ idProduct product ID
+ idVendor vendor ID
+ ================ ============================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/configs
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ This group contains a USB gadget's configurations
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/configs/config
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ The attributes of a configuration:
+
+ ================ ======================================
+ bmAttributes configuration characteristics
+ MaxPower maximum power consumption from the bus
+ ================ ======================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/configs/config/strings
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ This group contains subdirectories for language-specific
+ strings for this configuration.
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/configs/config/strings/language
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ================ =========================
+ configuration configuration description
+ ================ =========================
+
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ This group contains functions available to this USB gadget.
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/<func>.<inst>/interface.<n>
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Description:
+ This group contains "Feature Descriptors" specific for one
+ gadget's USB interface or one interface group described
+ by an IAD.
+
+ The attributes:
+
+ ================= =====================================
+ compatible_id 8-byte string for "Compatible ID"
+ sub_compatible_id 8-byte string for "Sub Compatible ID"
+ ================= =====================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/<func>.<inst>/interface.<n>/<property>
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Description:
+ This group contains "Extended Property Descriptors" specific for one
+ gadget's USB interface or one interface group described
+ by an IAD.
+
+ The attributes:
+
+ ===== ===============================================
+ type value 1..7 for interpreting the data
+
+ - 1: unicode string
+ - 2: unicode string with environment variable
+ - 3: binary
+ - 4: little-endian 32-bit
+ - 5: big-endian 32-bit
+ - 6: unicode string with a symbolic link
+ - 7: multiple unicode strings
+ data blob of data to be interpreted depending on
+ type
+ ===== ===============================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/strings
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ This group contains subdirectories for language-specific
+ strings for this gadget.
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/strings/language
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ============ =================================
+ serialnumber gadget's serial number (string)
+ product gadget's product description
+ manufacturer gadget's manufacturer description
+ ============ =================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/os_desc
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Description:
+ This group contains "OS String" extension handling attributes.
+
+ ============= ===============================================
+ use flag turning "OS Descriptors" support on/off
+ b_vendor_code one-byte value used for custom per-device and
+ per-interface requests
+ qw_sign an identifier to be reported as "OS String"
+ proper
+ ============= ===============================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/webusb
+Date: Dec 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Description:
+ This group contains "WebUSB" extension handling attributes.
+
+ ============= ===============================================
+ use flag turning "WebUSB" support on/off
+ bcdVersion bcd WebUSB specification version number
+ bVendorCode one-byte value used for custom per-device
+ landingPage UTF-8 encoded URL of the device's landing page
+ ============= ===============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-acm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-acm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..25e68be9eb66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-acm
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/acm.name
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+
+ This item contains just one readonly attribute: port_num.
+ It contains the port number of the /dev/ttyGS<n> device
+ associated with acm function's instance "name".
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/acm.name/protocol
+Date: Aug 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Description:
+ Reported bInterfaceProtocol for the ACM device. For legacy
+ reasons, this defaults to 1 (USB_CDC_ACM_PROTO_AT_V25TER).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-ecm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-ecm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..732101ca9d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-ecm
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/ecm.name
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ifname
+ - network device interface name associated with
+ this function instance
+ qmult
+ - queue length multiplier for high and
+ super speed
+ host_addr
+ - MAC address of host's end of this
+ Ethernet over USB link
+ dev_addr
+ - MAC address of device's end of this
+ Ethernet over USB link
+
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-eem b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-eem
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..178c3d5fb647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-eem
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/eem.name
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ========== =============================================
+ ifname network device interface name associated with
+ this function instance
+ qmult queue length multiplier for high and
+ super speed
+ host_addr MAC address of host's end of this
+ Ethernet over USB link
+ dev_addr MAC address of device's end of this
+ Ethernet over USB link
+ ========== =============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-ffs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-ffs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf8936ff6d38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-ffs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/ffs.name
+Date: Nov 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Description: The purpose of this directory is to create and remove it.
+
+ A corresponding USB function instance is created/removed.
+
+ All attributes are read only:
+
+ ============= ============================================
+ ready 1 if the function is ready to be used, E.G.
+ if userspace has written descriptors and
+ strings to ep0, so the gadget can be
+ enabled - 0 otherwise.
+ ============= ============================================
+
+ All other parameters are set through FunctionFS.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-hid b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-hid
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..748705c4cb58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-hid
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/hid.name
+Date: Nov 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ============= ============================================
+ protocol HID protocol to use
+ report_desc blob corresponding to HID report descriptors
+ except the data passed through /dev/hidg<N>
+ report_length HID report length
+ subclass HID device subclass to use
+ ============= ============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-loopback b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-loopback
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e6c6ba5ac7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-loopback
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/Loopback.name
+Date: Nov 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ======= =======================
+ qlen depth of loopback queue
+ buflen buffer length
+ ======= =======================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-mass-storage b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-mass-storage
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fc0328069267
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-mass-storage
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/mass_storage.name
+Date: Oct 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ =========== ==============================================
+ stall Set to permit function to halt bulk endpoints.
+ Disabled on some USB devices known not to work
+ correctly. You should set it to true.
+ num_buffers Number of pipeline buffers. Valid numbers
+ are 2..4. Available only if
+ CONFIG_USB_GADGET_DEBUG_FILES is set.
+ =========== ==============================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/mass_storage.name/lun.name
+Date: Oct 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ============ ==============================================
+ file The path to the backing file for the LUN.
+ Required if LUN is not marked as removable.
+ ro Flag specifying access to the LUN shall be
+ read-only. This is implied if CD-ROM emulation
+ is enabled as well as when it was impossible
+ to open "filename" in R/W mode.
+ removable Flag specifying that LUN shall be indicated as
+ being removable.
+ cdrom Flag specifying that LUN shall be reported as
+ being a CD-ROM.
+ nofua Flag specifying that FUA flag
+ in SCSI WRITE(10,12)
+ forced_eject This write-only file is useful only when
+ the function is active. It causes the backing
+ file to be forcibly detached from the LUN,
+ regardless of whether the host has allowed it.
+ Any non-zero number of bytes written will
+ result in ejection.
+ ============ ==============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-midi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-midi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..07389cddd51a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-midi
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/midi.name
+Date: Nov 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ========== ====================================
+ index index value for the USB MIDI adapter
+ id ID string for the USB MIDI adapter
+ buflen MIDI buffer length
+ qlen USB read request queue length
+ in_ports number of MIDI input ports
+ out_ports number of MIDI output ports
+ ========== ====================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-midi2 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-midi2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d76a52e2ca7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-midi2
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/midi2.name
+Date: Jul 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ============ ===============================================
+ process_ump Flag to process UMP Stream messages (0 or 1)
+ static_block Flag for static blocks (0 or 1)
+ iface_name MIDI interface name string
+ ============ ===============================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/midi2.name/ep.number
+Date: Jul 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Description:
+ This group contains a UMP Endpoint configuration.
+ A new Endpoint starts from 0, and can be up to 3.
+
+ The attributes:
+
+ ============= ===============================================
+ protocol_caps MIDI protocol capabilities (1, 2 or 3 for both)
+ protocol Default MIDI protocol (1 or 2)
+ ep_name UMP Endpoint name string
+ product_id Product ID string
+ manufacturer Manufacture ID (24 bit)
+ family Device family ID (16 bit)
+ model Device model ID (16 bit)
+ sw_revision Software Revision (32 bit)
+ ============= ===============================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/midi2.name/ep.number/block.number
+Date: Jul 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Description:
+ This group contains a UMP Function Block configuration.
+ A new block starts from 0, and can be up to 31.
+
+ The attributes:
+
+ ================= ==============================================
+ name Function Block name string
+ direction 1: input, 2: output, 3: bidirectional
+ first_group The first UMP Group number (0-15)
+ num_groups The number of groups in this FB (1-16)
+ midi1_first_group The first UMP Group number for MIDI 1.0 (0-15)
+ midi1_num_groups The number of groups for MIDI 1.0 (0-16)
+ ui_hint 0: unknown, 1: receiver, 2: sender, 3: both
+ midi_ci_version Supported MIDI-CI version number (8 bit)
+ is_midi1 Legacy MIDI 1.0 device (0, 1 or 2)
+ sysex8_streams Max number of SysEx8 streams (8 bit)
+ active Active FB flag (0 or 1)
+ ================= ==============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-ncm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-ncm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6fe723effc78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-ncm
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/ncm.name
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ifname - network device interface name associated with
+ this function instance
+ qmult - queue length multiplier for high and
+ super speed
+ host_addr - MAC address of host's end of this
+ Ethernet over USB link
+ dev_addr - MAC address of device's end of this
+ Ethernet over USB link
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-obex b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-obex
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a6a9327ed9ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-obex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/obex.name
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+
+ This item contains just one readonly attribute: port_num.
+ It contains the port number of the /dev/ttyGS<n> device
+ associated with obex function's instance "name".
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-phonet b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-phonet
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7037a358e6c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-phonet
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/phonet.name
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+
+ This item contains just one readonly attribute: ifname.
+ It contains the network interface name assigned during
+ network device registration.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-printer b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-printer
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7aa731bac2da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-printer
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/printer.name
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.1
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ========== ===========================================
+ pnp_string Data to be passed to the host in pnp string
+ q_len Number of requests per endpoint
+ ========== ===========================================
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-rndis b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-rndis
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9416eda7fe93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-rndis
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/rndis.name
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ========= =============================================
+ ifname network device interface name associated with
+ this function instance
+ qmult queue length multiplier for high and
+ super speed
+ host_addr MAC address of host's end of this
+ Ethernet over USB link
+ dev_addr MAC address of device's end of this
+ Ethernet over USB link
+ class USB interface class, default is 02 (hex)
+ subclass USB interface subclass, default is 06 (hex)
+ protocol USB interface protocol, default is 00 (hex)
+ ========= =============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-serial b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-serial
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..474d249f760b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-serial
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/gser.name
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+
+ This item contains just one readonly attribute: port_num.
+ It contains the port number of the /dev/ttyGS<n> device
+ associated with gser function's instance "name".
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-sourcesink b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-sourcesink
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1f3d31b607b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-sourcesink
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/SourceSink.name
+Date: Nov 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ============== ==================================
+ pattern 0 (all zeros), 1 (mod63), 2 (none)
+ isoc_interval 1..16
+ isoc_maxpacket 0 - 1023 (fs), 0 - 1024 (hs/ss)
+ isoc_mult 0..2 (hs/ss only)
+ isoc_maxburst 0..15 (ss only)
+ buflen buffer length
+ bulk_qlen depth of queue for bulk
+ iso_qlen depth of queue for iso
+ ============== ==================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-subset b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-subset
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0061b864351f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-subset
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/geth.name
+Date: Jun 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ========== =============================================
+ ifname network device interface name associated with
+ this function instance
+ qmult queue length multiplier for high and
+ super speed
+ host_addr MAC address of host's end of this
+ Ethernet over USB link
+ dev_addr MAC address of device's end of this
+ Ethernet over USB link
+ ========== =============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-tcm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-tcm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a29ed2dd6173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-tcm
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/tcm.name
+Date: Dec 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.5
+Description:
+ There are no attributes because all the configuration
+ is performed in the "target" subsystem of configfs.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uac1 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uac1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..64188a85592b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uac1
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uac1.name
+Date: June 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ===================== =======================================
+ c_chmask capture channel mask
+ c_srate list of capture sampling rates (comma-separated)
+ c_ssize capture sample size (bytes)
+ c_mute_present capture mute control enable
+ c_volume_present capture volume control enable
+ c_volume_min capture volume control min value
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ c_volume_max capture volume control max value
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ c_volume_res capture volume control resolution
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ p_chmask playback channel mask
+ p_srate list of playback sampling rates (comma-separated)
+ p_ssize playback sample size (bytes)
+ p_mute_present playback mute control enable
+ p_volume_present playback volume control enable
+ p_volume_min playback volume control min value
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ p_volume_max playback volume control max value
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ p_volume_res playback volume control resolution
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ req_number the number of pre-allocated requests
+ for both capture and playback
+ function_name name of the interface
+ p_it_name playback input terminal name
+ p_it_ch_name playback channels name
+ p_ot_name playback output terminal name
+ p_fu_vol_name playback mute/volume functional unit name
+ c_it_name capture input terminal name
+ c_it_ch_name capture channels name
+ c_ot_name capture output terminal name
+ c_fu_vol_name capture mute/volume functional unit name
+ ===================== =======================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uac1_legacy b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uac1_legacy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2eaefd9bc49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uac1_legacy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uac1_legacy.name
+Date: Sep 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.18
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ audio_buf_size - audio buffer size
+ fn_cap - capture pcm device file name
+ fn_cntl - control device file name
+ fn_play - playback pcm device file name
+ req_buf_size - ISO OUT endpoint request buffer size
+ req_count - ISO OUT endpoint request count
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uac2 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uac2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..133e995c3e92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uac2
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uac2.name
+Date: Sep 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.18
+Description:
+ The attributes:
+
+ ===================== =======================================
+ c_chmask capture channel mask
+ c_srate list of capture sampling rates (comma-separated)
+ c_ssize capture sample size (bytes)
+ c_hs_bint capture bInterval for HS/SS (1-4: fixed, 0: auto)
+ c_sync capture synchronization type
+ (async/adaptive)
+ c_mute_present capture mute control enable
+ c_volume_present capture volume control enable
+ c_volume_min capture volume control min value
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ c_volume_max capture volume control max value
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ c_volume_res capture volume control resolution
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ fb_max maximum extra bandwidth in async mode
+ p_chmask playback channel mask
+ p_srate list of playback sampling rates (comma-separated)
+ p_ssize playback sample size (bytes)
+ p_hs_bint playback bInterval for HS/SS (1-4: fixed, 0: auto)
+ p_mute_present playback mute control enable
+ p_volume_present playback volume control enable
+ p_volume_min playback volume control min value
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ p_volume_max playback volume control max value
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ p_volume_res playback volume control resolution
+ (in 1/256 dB)
+ req_number the number of pre-allocated requests
+ for both capture and playback
+ function_name name of the interface
+ if_ctrl_name topology control name
+ clksrc_in_name input clock name
+ clksrc_out_name output clock name
+ p_it_name playback input terminal name
+ p_it_ch_name playback input first channel name
+ p_ot_name playback output terminal name
+ p_fu_vol_name playback mute/volume function unit name
+ c_it_name capture input terminal name
+ c_it_ch_name capture input first channel name
+ c_ot_name capture output terminal name
+ c_fu_vol_name capture mute/volume functional unit name
+ c_terminal_type code of the capture terminal type
+ p_terminal_type code of the playback terminal type
+ ===================== =======================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uvc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uvc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b6720768d63d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-usb-gadget-uvc
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: UVC function directory
+
+ =================== =============================
+ streaming_maxburst 0..15 (ss only)
+ streaming_maxpacket 1..1023 (fs), 1..3072 (hs/ss)
+ streaming_interval 1..16
+ function_name string [32]
+ =================== =============================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Control descriptors
+
+ All attributes read only except enable_interrupt_ep:
+
+ =================== =============================
+ bInterfaceNumber USB interface number for this
+ streaming interface
+ enable_interrupt_ep flag to enable the interrupt
+ endpoint for the VC interface
+ =================== =============================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/class
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Class descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/class/ss
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Super speed control class descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/class/fs
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Full speed control class descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/terminal
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Terminal descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/terminal/output
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Output terminal descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/terminal/output/default
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Default output terminal descriptors
+
+ All attributes read only except bSourceID:
+
+ ============== =============================================
+ iTerminal index of string descriptor
+ bSourceID id of the terminal to which this terminal
+ is connected
+ bAssocTerminal id of the input terminal to which this output
+ terminal is associated
+ wTerminalType terminal type
+ bTerminalID a non-zero id of this terminal
+ ============== =============================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/terminal/camera
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Camera terminal descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/terminal/camera/default
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Default camera terminal descriptors
+
+ All attributes read only except bmControls, which is read/write:
+
+ ======================== ====================================
+ bmControls bitmap specifying which controls are
+ supported for the video stream
+ wOcularFocalLength the value of Locular
+ wObjectiveFocalLengthMax the value of Lmin
+ wObjectiveFocalLengthMin the value of Lmax
+ iTerminal index of string descriptor
+ bAssocTerminal id of the output terminal to which
+ this terminal is connected
+ wTerminalType terminal type
+ bTerminalID a non-zero id of this terminal
+ ======================== ====================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/processing
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Processing unit descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/processing/default
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Default processing unit descriptors
+
+ All attributes read only except bmControls, which is read/write:
+
+ =============== ========================================
+ iProcessing index of string descriptor
+ bmControls bitmap specifying which controls are
+ supported for the video stream
+ wMaxMultiplier maximum digital magnification x100
+ bSourceID id of the terminal to which this unit is
+ connected
+ bUnitID a non-zero id of this unit
+ =============== ========================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/extensions
+Date: Nov 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Description: Extension unit descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/extensions/name
+Date: Nov 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Description: Extension Unit (XU) Descriptor
+
+ bLength, bUnitID and iExtension are read-only. All others are
+ read-write.
+
+ ================= ========================================
+ bLength size of the descriptor in bytes
+ bUnitID non-zero ID of this unit
+ guidExtensionCode Vendor-specific code identifying the XU
+ bNumControls number of controls in this XU
+ bNrInPins number of input pins for this unit
+ baSourceID list of the IDs of the units or terminals
+ to which this XU is connected
+ bControlSize size of the bmControls field in bytes
+ bmControls list of bitmaps detailing which vendor
+ specific controls are supported
+ iExtension index of a string descriptor that describes
+ this extension unit
+ ================= ========================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/header
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Control header descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/header/name
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Specific control header descriptors
+
+dwClockFrequency
+bcdUVC
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Streaming descriptors
+
+ All attributes read only:
+
+ ================ =============================
+ bInterfaceNumber USB interface number for this
+ streaming interface
+ ================ =============================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/class
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Streaming class descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/class/ss
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Super speed streaming class descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/class/hs
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: High speed streaming class descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/class/fs
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Full speed streaming class descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/color_matching
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Color matching descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/color_matching/default
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Default color matching descriptors
+
+ All attributes read/write:
+
+ ======================== ======================================
+ bMatrixCoefficients matrix used to compute luma and
+ chroma values from the color primaries
+ bTransferCharacteristics optoelectronic transfer
+ characteristic of the source picture,
+ also called the gamma function
+ bColorPrimaries color primaries and the reference
+ white
+ ======================== ======================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/color_matching/name
+Date: Dec 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Description: Additional color matching descriptors
+
+ All attributes read/write:
+
+ ======================== ======================================
+ bMatrixCoefficients matrix used to compute luma and
+ chroma values from the color primaries
+ bTransferCharacteristics optoelectronic transfer
+ characteristic of the source picture,
+ also called the gamma function
+ bColorPrimaries color primaries and the reference
+ white
+ ======================== ======================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/mjpeg
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: MJPEG format descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/mjpeg/name
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Specific MJPEG format descriptors
+
+ All attributes read only,
+ except bmaControls and bDefaultFrameIndex:
+
+ =================== =====================================
+ bFormatIndex unique id for this format descriptor;
+ only defined after parent header is
+ linked into the streaming class;
+ read-only
+ bmaControls this format's data for bmaControls in
+ the streaming header
+ bmInterlaceFlags specifies interlace information,
+ read-only
+ bAspectRatioY the X dimension of the picture aspect
+ ratio, read-only
+ bAspectRatioX the Y dimension of the picture aspect
+ ratio, read-only
+ bmFlags characteristics of this format,
+ read-only
+ bDefaultFrameIndex optimum frame index for this stream
+ =================== =====================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/mjpeg/name/name
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Specific MJPEG frame descriptors
+
+ ========================= =====================================
+ bFrameIndex unique id for this framedescriptor;
+ only defined after parent format is
+ linked into the streaming header;
+ read-only
+ dwFrameInterval indicates how frame interval can be
+ programmed; a number of values
+ separated by newline can be specified
+ dwDefaultFrameInterval the frame interval the device would
+ like to use as default
+ dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize the maximum number of bytes the
+ compressor will produce for a video
+ frame or still image
+ dwMaxBitRate the maximum bit rate at the shortest
+ frame interval in bps
+ dwMinBitRate the minimum bit rate at the longest
+ frame interval in bps
+ wHeight height of decoded bitmap frame in px
+ wWidth width of decoded bitmam frame in px
+ bmCapabilities still image support, fixed frame-rate
+ support
+ ========================= =====================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/uncompressed
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Uncompressed format descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/uncompressed/name
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Specific uncompressed format descriptors
+
+ ================== =======================================
+ bFormatIndex unique id for this format descriptor;
+ only defined after parent header is
+ linked into the streaming class;
+ read-only
+ bmaControls this format's data for bmaControls in
+ the streaming header
+ bmInterlaceFlags specifies interlace information,
+ read-only
+ bAspectRatioY the X dimension of the picture aspect
+ ratio, read-only
+ bAspectRatioX the Y dimension of the picture aspect
+ ratio, read-only
+ bDefaultFrameIndex optimum frame index for this stream
+ bBitsPerPixel number of bits per pixel used to
+ specify color in the decoded video
+ frame
+ guidFormat globally unique id used to identify
+ stream-encoding format
+ ================== =======================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/uncompressed/name/name
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Specific uncompressed frame descriptors
+
+ ========================= =====================================
+ bFrameIndex unique id for this framedescriptor;
+ only defined after parent format is
+ linked into the streaming header;
+ read-only
+ dwFrameInterval indicates how frame interval can be
+ programmed; a number of values
+ separated by newline can be specified
+ dwDefaultFrameInterval the frame interval the device would
+ like to use as default
+ dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize the maximum number of bytes the
+ compressor will produce for a video
+ frame or still image
+ dwMaxBitRate the maximum bit rate at the shortest
+ frame interval in bps
+ dwMinBitRate the minimum bit rate at the longest
+ frame interval in bps
+ wHeight height of decoded bitmap frame in px
+ wWidth width of decoded bitmam frame in px
+ bmCapabilities still image support, fixed frame-rate
+ support
+ ========================= =====================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/framebased
+Date: Sept 2024
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Description: Framebased format descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/framebased/name
+Date: Sept 2024
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Description: Specific framebased format descriptors
+
+ ================== =======================================
+ bFormatIndex unique id for this format descriptor;
+ only defined after parent header is
+ linked into the streaming class;
+ read-only
+ bmaControls this format's data for bmaControls in
+ the streaming header
+ bmInterlaceFlags specifies interlace information,
+ read-only
+ bAspectRatioY the X dimension of the picture aspect
+ ratio, read-only
+ bAspectRatioX the Y dimension of the picture aspect
+ ratio, read-only
+ bDefaultFrameIndex optimum frame index for this stream
+ bBitsPerPixel number of bits per pixel used to
+ specify color in the decoded video
+ frame
+ guidFormat globally unique id used to identify
+ stream-encoding format
+ ================== =======================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/framebased/name/name
+Date: Sept 2024
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Description: Specific framebased frame descriptors
+
+ ========================= =====================================
+ bFrameIndex unique id for this framedescriptor;
+ only defined after parent format is
+ linked into the streaming header;
+ read-only
+ dwFrameInterval indicates how frame interval can be
+ programmed; a number of values
+ separated by newline can be specified
+ dwDefaultFrameInterval the frame interval the device would
+ like to use as default
+ dwBytesPerLine Specifies the number of bytes per line
+ of video for packed fixed frame size
+ formats, allowing the receiver to
+ perform stride alignment of the video.
+ If the bVariableSize value (above) is
+ TRUE (1), or if the format does not
+ permit such alignment, this value shall
+ be set to zero (0).
+ dwMaxBitRate the maximum bit rate at the shortest
+ frame interval in bps
+ dwMinBitRate the minimum bit rate at the longest
+ frame interval in bps
+ wHeight height of decoded bitmap frame in px
+ wWidth width of decoded bitmam frame in px
+ bmCapabilities still image support, fixed frame-rate
+ support
+ ========================= =====================================
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/header
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Streaming header descriptors
+
+What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/header/name
+Date: Dec 2014
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Description: Specific streaming header descriptors
+
+ All attributes read only:
+
+ ==================== =====================================
+ bTriggerUsage how the host software will respond to
+ a hardware trigger interrupt event
+ bTriggerSupport flag specifying if hardware
+ triggering is supported
+ bStillCaptureMethod method of still image capture
+ supported
+ bTerminalLink id of the output terminal to which
+ the video endpoint of this interface
+ is connected
+ bmInfo capabilities of this video streaming
+ interface
+ ==================== =====================================
+
+What: /sys/class/udc/udc.name/device/gadget/video4linux/video.name/function_name
+Date: May 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Description: UVC configfs function instance name
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-alienware-wmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-alienware-wmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c7f525d6baac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-alienware-wmi
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/alienware-wmi-<wmi_device_name>/system_description
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: Kurt Borja <kuurtb@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file exposes the raw ``system_description`` number reported
+ by the WMAX device.
+
+ Only present on devices with the AWCC interface.
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/alienware-wmi.rst for
+ details.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/alienware-wmi-<wmi_device_name>/hwmon_data
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: Kurt Borja <kuurtb@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file exposes HWMON private data.
+
+ Includes fan sensor count, temperature sensor count, internal
+ fan IDs and internal temp IDs.
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/alienware-wmi.rst for
+ details.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/alienware-wmi-<wmi_device_name>/pprof_data
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: Kurt Borja <kuurtb@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file exposes Platform Profile private data.
+
+ Includes internal mapping to platform profiles and thermal
+ profile IDs.
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/alienware-wmi.rst for
+ details.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/alienware-wmi-<wmi_device_name>/gpio_ctl/total_gpios
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Kurt Borja <kuurtb@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Total number of GPIO pins reported by the device.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/alienware-wmi-<wmi_device_name>/gpio_ctl/pinX
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Kurt Borja <kuurtb@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file controls GPIO pin X status.
+
+ See Documentation/wmi/devices/alienware-wmi.rst for details.
+
+ RW
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-amd-iommu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-amd-iommu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5621a66aa693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-amd-iommu
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/iommu<x>/mmio
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Dheeraj Kumar Srivastava <dheerajkumar.srivastava@amd.com>
+Description:
+ This file provides read/write access for user input. Users specify the
+ MMIO register offset for iommu<x>, and the file outputs the corresponding
+ MMIO register value of iommu<x>
+
+ Example::
+
+ $ echo "0x18" > /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/iommu00/mmio
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/iommu00/mmio
+
+ Output::
+
+ Offset:0x18 Value:0x000c22000003f48d
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/iommu<x>/capability
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Dheeraj Kumar Srivastava <dheerajkumar.srivastava@amd.com>
+Description:
+ This file provides read/write access for user input. Users specify the
+ capability register offset for iommu<x>, and the file outputs the
+ corresponding capability register value of iommu<x>.
+
+ Example::
+
+ $ echo "0x10" > /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/iommu00/capability
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/iommu00/capability
+
+ Output::
+
+ Offset:0x10 Value:0x00203040
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/iommu<x>/cmdbuf
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Dheeraj Kumar Srivastava <dheerajkumar.srivastava@amd.com>
+Description:
+ This file is a read-only output file containing iommu<x> command
+ buffer entries.
+
+ Examples::
+
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/iommu<x>/cmdbuf
+
+ Output::
+
+ CMD Buffer Head Offset:339 Tail Offset:339
+ 0: 00835001 10000001 00003c00 00000000
+ 1: 00000000 30000005 fffff003 7fffffff
+ 2: 00835001 10000001 00003c01 00000000
+ 3: 00000000 30000005 fffff003 7fffffff
+ 4: 00835001 10000001 00003c02 00000000
+ 5: 00000000 30000005 fffff003 7fffffff
+ 6: 00835001 10000001 00003c03 00000000
+ 7: 00000000 30000005 fffff003 7fffffff
+ 8: 00835001 10000001 00003c04 00000000
+ 9: 00000000 30000005 fffff003 7fffffff
+ 10: 00835001 10000001 00003c05 00000000
+ 11: 00000000 30000005 fffff003 7fffffff
+ [...]
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/devid
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Dheeraj Kumar Srivastava <dheerajkumar.srivastava@amd.com>
+Description:
+ This file provides read/write access for user input. Users specify the
+ device ID, which can be used to dump IOMMU data structures such as the
+ interrupt remapping table and device table.
+
+ Example:
+
+ 1.
+ ::
+
+ $ echo 0000:01:00.0 > /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/devid
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/devid
+
+ Output::
+
+ 0000:01:00.0
+
+ 2.
+ ::
+
+ $ echo 01:00.0 > /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/devid
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/devid
+
+ Output::
+
+ 0000:01:00.0
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/devtbl
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Dheeraj Kumar Srivastava <dheerajkumar.srivastava@amd.com>
+Description:
+ This file is a read-only output file containing the device table entry
+ for the device ID provided in /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/devid.
+
+ Example::
+
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/devtbl
+
+ Output::
+
+ DeviceId QWORD[3] QWORD[2] QWORD[1] QWORD[0] iommu
+ 0000:01:00.0 0000000000000000 20000001373b8013 0000000000000038 6000000114d7b603 iommu3
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/irqtbl
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Dheeraj Kumar Srivastava <dheerajkumar.srivastava@amd.com>
+Description:
+ This file is a read-only output file containing valid IRT table entries
+ for the device ID provided in /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/devid.
+
+ Example::
+
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/amd/irqtbl
+
+ Output::
+
+ DeviceId 0000:01:00.0
+ IRT[0000] 0000000000000020 0000000000000241
+ IRT[0001] 0000000000000020 0000000000000841
+ IRT[0002] 0000000000000020 0000000000002041
+ IRT[0003] 0000000000000020 0000000000008041
+ IRT[0004] 0000000000000020 0000000000020041
+ IRT[0005] 0000000000000020 0000000000080041
+ IRT[0006] 0000000000000020 0000000000200041
+ IRT[0007] 0000000000000020 0000000000800041
+ [...]
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-cec-error-inj b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-cec-error-inj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c512f71bba8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-cec-error-inj
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/cec/*/error-inj
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@kernel.org>
+Description:
+
+The CEC Framework allows for CEC error injection commands through
+debugfs. Drivers that support this will create an error-inj file
+through which the error injection commands can be given.
+
+The basic syntax is as follows:
+
+Leading spaces/tabs are ignored. If the next character is a '#' or the
+end of the line was reached, then the whole line is ignored. Otherwise
+a command is expected.
+
+It is up to the driver to decide what commands to implement. The only
+exception is that the command 'clear' without any arguments must be
+implemented and that it will remove all current error injection
+commands.
+
+This ensures that you can always do 'echo clear >error-inj' to clear any
+error injections without having to know the details of the driver-specific
+commands.
+
+Note that the output of 'error-inj' shall be valid as input to 'error-inj'.
+So this must work::
+
+ $ cat error-inj >einj.txt
+ $ cat einj.txt >error-inj
+
+Other than these basic rules described above this ABI is not considered
+stable and may change in the future.
+
+Drivers that implement this functionality must document the commands as
+part of the CEC documentation and must keep that documentation up to date
+when changes are made.
+
+The following CEC error injection implementations exist:
+
+- Documentation/userspace-api/media/cec/cec-pin-error-inj.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-cros-ec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-cros-ec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9a040c6f5e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-cros-ec
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/<cros-ec-device>/console_log
+Date: September 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Description:
+ If the EC supports the CONSOLE_READ command type, this file
+ can be used to grab the EC logs. The kernel polls for the log
+ and keeps its own buffer but userspace should grab this and
+ write it out to some logs.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/<cros-ec-device>/panicinfo
+Date: September 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Description:
+ This file dumps the EC panic information from the previous
+ reboot. This file will only exist if the PANIC_INFO command
+ type is supported by the EC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/<cros-ec-device>/pdinfo
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.17
+Description:
+ This file provides the port role, muxes and power debug
+ information for all the USB PD/type-C ports available. If
+ the are no ports available, this file will be just an empty
+ file.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/<cros-ec-device>/uptime
+Date: June 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Description:
+ A u32 providing the time since EC booted in ms. This is
+ is used for synchronizing the AP host time with the EC
+ log. An error is returned if the command is not supported
+ by the EC or there is a communication problem.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/<cros-ec-device>/last_resume_result
+Date: June 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Description:
+ Some ECs have a feature where they will track transitions to
+ the (Intel) processor's SLP_S0 line, in order to detect cases
+ where a system failed to go into S0ix. When the system resumes,
+ an EC with this feature will return a summary of SLP_S0
+ transitions that occurred. The last_resume_result file returns
+ the most recent response from the AP's resume message to the EC.
+
+ The bottom 31 bits contain a count of the number of SLP_S0
+ transitions that occurred since the suspend message was
+ received. Bit 31 is set if the EC attempted to wake the
+ system due to a timeout when watching for SLP_S0 transitions.
+ Callers can use this to detect a wake from the EC due to
+ S0ix timeouts. The result will be zero if no suspend
+ transitions have been attempted, or the EC does not support
+ this feature.
+
+ Output will be in the format: "0x%08x\n".
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/<cros-ec-device>/suspend_timeout_ms
+Date: August 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Description:
+ Some ECs have a feature where they will track transitions of
+ a hardware-controlled sleep line, such as Intel's SLP_S0 line,
+ in order to detect cases where a system failed to go into deep
+ sleep states. The suspend_timeout_ms file controls the amount of
+ time in milliseconds the EC will wait before declaring a sleep
+ timeout event and attempting to wake the system.
+
+ Supply 0 to use the default value coded into EC firmware. Supply
+ 65535 (EC_HOST_SLEEP_TIMEOUT_INFINITE) to disable the EC sleep
+ failure detection mechanism. Values in between 0 and 65535
+ indicate the number of milliseconds the EC should wait after a
+ sleep transition before declaring a timeout. This includes both
+ the duration after a sleep command was received but before the
+ hardware line changed, as well as the duration between when the
+ hardware line changed and the kernel sent an EC resume command.
+
+ Output will be in the format: "%u\n".
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-cxl b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-cxl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2989d4da96c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-cxl
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/cxl/memX/inject_poison
+Date: April, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.4
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) When a Device Physical Address (DPA) is written to this
+ attribute, the memdev driver sends an inject poison command to
+ the device for the specified address. The DPA must be 64-byte
+ aligned and the length of the injected poison is 64-bytes. If
+ successful, the device returns poison when the address is
+ accessed through the CXL.mem bus. Injecting poison adds the
+ address to the device's Poison List and the error source is set
+ to Injected. In addition, the device adds a poison creation
+ event to its internal Informational Event log, updates the
+ Event Status register, and if configured, interrupts the host.
+ It is not an error to inject poison into an address that
+ already has poison present and no error is returned. If the
+ device returns 'Inject Poison Limit Reached' an -EBUSY error
+ is returned to the user. The inject_poison attribute is only
+ visible for devices supporting the capability.
+
+ TEST-ONLY INTERFACE: This interface is intended for testing
+ and validation purposes only. It is not a data repair mechanism
+ and should never be used on production systems or live data.
+
+ DATA LOSS RISK: For CXL persistent memory (PMEM) devices,
+ poison injection can result in permanent data loss. Injected
+ poison may render data permanently inaccessible even after
+ clearing, as the clear operation writes zeros and does not
+ recover original data.
+
+ SYSTEM STABILITY RISK: For volatile memory, poison injection
+ can cause kernel crashes, system instability, or unpredictable
+ behavior if the poisoned addresses are accessed by running code
+ or critical kernel structures.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/cxl/memX/clear_poison
+Date: April, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.4
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) When a Device Physical Address (DPA) is written to this
+ attribute, the memdev driver sends a clear poison command to
+ the device for the specified address. Clearing poison removes
+ the address from the device's Poison List and writes 0 (zero)
+ for 64 bytes starting at address. It is not an error to clear
+ poison from an address that does not have poison set. If the
+ device cannot clear poison from the address, -ENXIO is returned.
+ The clear_poison attribute is only visible for devices
+ supporting the capability.
+
+ TEST-ONLY INTERFACE: This interface is intended for testing
+ and validation purposes only. It is not a data repair mechanism
+ and should never be used on production systems or live data.
+
+ CLEAR IS NOT DATA RECOVERY: This operation writes zeros to the
+ specified address range and removes the address from the poison
+ list. It does NOT recover or restore original data that may have
+ been present before poison injection. Any original data at the
+ cleared address is permanently lost and replaced with zeros.
+
+ CLEAR IS NOT A REPAIR MECHANISM: This interface is for testing
+ purposes only and should not be used as a data repair tool.
+ Clearing poison is fundamentally different from data recovery
+ or error correction.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/cxl/regionX/inject_poison
+Date: August, 2025
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) When a Host Physical Address (HPA) is written to this
+ attribute, the region driver translates it to a Device
+ Physical Address (DPA) and identifies the corresponding
+ memdev. It then sends an inject poison command to that memdev
+ at the translated DPA. Refer to the memdev ABI entry at:
+ /sys/kernel/debug/cxl/memX/inject_poison for the detailed
+ behavior. This attribute is only visible if all memdevs
+ participating in the region support both inject and clear
+ poison commands.
+
+ TEST-ONLY INTERFACE: This interface is intended for testing
+ and validation purposes only. It is not a data repair mechanism
+ and should never be used on production systems or live data.
+
+ DATA LOSS RISK: For CXL persistent memory (PMEM) devices,
+ poison injection can result in permanent data loss. Injected
+ poison may render data permanently inaccessible even after
+ clearing, as the clear operation writes zeros and does not
+ recover original data.
+
+ SYSTEM STABILITY RISK: For volatile memory, poison injection
+ can cause kernel crashes, system instability, or unpredictable
+ behavior if the poisoned addresses are accessed by running code
+ or critical kernel structures.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/cxl/regionX/clear_poison
+Date: August, 2025
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) When a Host Physical Address (HPA) is written to this
+ attribute, the region driver translates it to a Device
+ Physical Address (DPA) and identifies the corresponding
+ memdev. It then sends a clear poison command to that memdev
+ at the translated DPA. Refer to the memdev ABI entry at:
+ /sys/kernel/debug/cxl/memX/clear_poison for the detailed
+ behavior. This attribute is only visible if all memdevs
+ participating in the region support both inject and clear
+ poison commands.
+
+ TEST-ONLY INTERFACE: This interface is intended for testing
+ and validation purposes only. It is not a data repair mechanism
+ and should never be used on production systems or live data.
+
+ CLEAR IS NOT DATA RECOVERY: This operation writes zeros to the
+ specified address range and removes the address from the poison
+ list. It does NOT recover or restore original data that may have
+ been present before poison injection. Any original data at the
+ cleared address is permanently lost and replaced with zeros.
+
+ CLEAR IS NOT A REPAIR MECHANISM: This interface is for testing
+ purposes only and should not be used as a data repair tool.
+ Clearing poison is fundamentally different from data recovery
+ or error correction.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/cxl/einj_types
+Date: January, 2024
+KernelVersion: v6.9
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Prints the CXL protocol error types made available by
+ the platform in the format:
+
+ 0x<error number> <error type>
+
+ The possible error types are (as of ACPI v6.5):
+
+ 0x1000 CXL.cache Protocol Correctable
+ 0x2000 CXL.cache Protocol Uncorrectable non-fatal
+ 0x4000 CXL.cache Protocol Uncorrectable fatal
+ 0x8000 CXL.mem Protocol Correctable
+ 0x10000 CXL.mem Protocol Uncorrectable non-fatal
+ 0x20000 CXL.mem Protocol Uncorrectable fatal
+
+ The <error number> can be written to einj_inject to inject
+ <error type> into a chosen dport.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/cxl/$dport_dev/einj_inject
+Date: January, 2024
+KernelVersion: v6.9
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) Writing an integer to this file injects the corresponding
+ CXL protocol error into $dport_dev ($dport_dev will be a device
+ name from /sys/bus/pci/devices). The integer to type mapping for
+ injection can be found by reading from einj_types. If the dport
+ was enumerated in RCH mode, a CXL 1.1 error is injected, otherwise
+ a CXL 2.0 error is injected.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-dell-wmi-ddv b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-dell-wmi-ddv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..81cfc788be15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-dell-wmi-ddv
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dell-wmi-ddv-<wmi_device_name>/fan_sensor_information
+Date: September 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Armin Wolf <W_Armin@gmx.de>
+Description:
+ This file contains the contents of the fan sensor information
+ buffer, which contains fan sensor entries and a terminating
+ character (0xFF).
+
+ Each fan sensor entry contains:
+
+ - fan type (single byte)
+ - fan speed in RPM (two bytes, little endian)
+
+ See Documentation/wmi/devices/dell-wmi-ddv.rst for details.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dell-wmi-ddv-<wmi_device_name>/thermal_sensor_information
+Date: September 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Armin Wolf <W_Armin@gmx.de>
+Description:
+ This file contains the contents of the thermal sensor information
+ buffer, which contains thermal sensor entries and a terminating
+ character (0xFF).
+
+ Each thermal sensor entry contains:
+
+ - thermal type (single byte)
+ - current temperature (single byte)
+ - min. temperature (single byte)
+ - max. temperature (single byte)
+ - unknown field (single byte)
+
+ See Documentation/wmi/devices/dell-wmi-ddv.rst for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-dcc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-dcc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..27ed5919d21b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-dcc
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dcc/.../ready
+Date: December 2022
+Contact: Souradeep Chowdhury <quic_schowdhu@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ This file is used to check the status of the dcc
+ hardware if it's ready to receive user configurations.
+ A 'Y' here indicates dcc is ready.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dcc/.../trigger
+Date: December 2022
+Contact: Souradeep Chowdhury <quic_schowdhu@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ This is the debugfs interface for manual software
+ triggers. The trigger can be invoked by writing '1'
+ to the file.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dcc/.../config_reset
+Date: December 2022
+Contact: Souradeep Chowdhury <quic_schowdhu@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ This file is used to reset the configuration of
+ a dcc driver to the default configuration. When '1'
+ is written to the file, all the previous addresses
+ stored in the driver gets removed and users need to
+ reconfigure addresses again.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dcc/.../[list-number]/config
+Date: December 2022
+Contact: Souradeep Chowdhury <quic_schowdhu@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ This stores the addresses of the registers which
+ can be read in case of a hardware crash or manual
+ software triggers. The input addresses type
+ can be one of following dcc instructions: read,
+ write, read-write, and loop type. The lists need to
+ be configured sequentially and not in a overlapping
+ manner; e.g. users can jump to list x only after
+ list y is configured and enabled. The input format for
+ each type is as follows:
+
+ i) Read instruction
+
+ ::
+
+ echo R <addr> <n> <bus> >/sys/kernel/debug/dcc/../[list-number]/config
+
+ where:
+
+ <addr>
+ The address to be read.
+
+ <n>
+ The addresses word count, starting from address <1>.
+ Each word is 32 bits (4 bytes). If omitted, defaulted
+ to 1.
+
+ <bus type>
+ The bus type, which can be either 'apb' or 'ahb'.
+ The default is 'ahb' if leaved out.
+
+ ii) Write instruction
+
+ ::
+
+ echo W <addr> <n> <bus type> > /sys/kernel/debug/dcc/../[list-number]/config
+
+ where:
+
+ <addr>
+ The address to be written.
+
+ <n>
+ The value to be written at <addr>.
+
+ <bus type>
+ The bus type, which can be either 'apb' or 'ahb'.
+
+ iii) Read-write instruction
+
+ ::
+
+ echo RW <addr> <n> <mask> > /sys/kernel/debug/dcc/../[list-number]/config
+
+ where:
+
+ <addr>
+ The address to be read and written.
+
+ <n>
+ The value to be written at <addr>.
+
+ <mask>
+ The value mask.
+
+ iv) Loop instruction
+
+ ::
+
+ echo L <loop count> <address count> <address>... > /sys/kernel/debug/dcc/../[list-number]/config
+
+ where:
+
+ <loop count>
+ Number of iterations
+
+ <address count>
+ total number of addresses to be written
+
+ <address>
+ Space-separated list of addresses.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dcc/.../[list-number]/enable
+Date: December 2022
+Contact: Souradeep Chowdhury <quic_schowdhu@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ This debugfs interface is used for enabling the
+ the dcc hardware. A file named "enable" is in the
+ directory list number where users can enable/disable
+ the specific list by writing boolean (1 or 0) to the
+ file.
+
+ On enabling the dcc, all the addresses specified
+ by the user for the corresponding list is written
+ into dcc sram which is read by the dcc hardware
+ on manual or crash induced triggers. Lists must
+ be configured and enabled sequentially, e.g. list
+ 2 can only be enabled when list 1 have so.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-genwqe b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-genwqe
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b45b016545d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-genwqe
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/ddcb_info
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: DDCB queue dump used for debugging queueing problems.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/curr_regs
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Dump of the current error registers.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/curr_dbg_uid0
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Internal chip state of UID0 (unit id 0).
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/curr_dbg_uid1
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Internal chip state of UID1.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/curr_dbg_uid2
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Internal chip state of UID2.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/prev_regs
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Dump of the error registers before the last reset of
+ the card occurred.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/prev_dbg_uid0
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Internal chip state of UID0 before card was reset.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/prev_dbg_uid1
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Internal chip state of UID1 before card was reset.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/prev_dbg_uid2
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Internal chip state of UID2 before card was reset.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/info
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Comprehensive summary of bitstream version and software
+ version. Used bitstream and bitstream clocking information.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/err_inject
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Possibility to inject error cases to ensure that the drivers
+ error handling code works well.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/vf<0..14>_jobtimeout_msec
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Default VF timeout 250ms. Testing might require 1000ms.
+ Using 0 will use the cards default value (whatever that is).
+
+ The timeout depends on the max number of available cards
+ in the system and the maximum allowed queue size.
+
+ The driver ensures that the settings are done just before
+ the VFs get enabled. Changing the timeouts in flight is not
+ possible.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/jobtimer
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Dump job timeout register values for PF and VFs.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/queue_working_time
+Date: Dec 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Dump queue working time register values for PF and VFs.
+ Only available for PF.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-habanalabs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-habanalabs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3318a14f35b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-habanalabs
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/addr
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Sets the device address to be used for read or write through
+ PCI bar, or the device VA of a host mapped memory to be read or
+ written directly from the host. The latter option is allowed
+ only when the IOMMU is disabled.
+ The acceptable value is a string that starts with "0x"
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/clk_gate
+Date: May 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: This setting is now deprecated as clock gating is handled solely by the f/w
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/command_buffers
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays a list with information about the currently allocated
+ command buffers
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/command_submission
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays a list with information about the currently active
+ command submissions
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/command_submission_jobs
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays a list with detailed information about each JOB (CB) of
+ each active command submission
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/data32
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Allows the root user to read or write directly through the
+ device's PCI bar. Writing to this file generates a write
+ transaction while reading from the file generates a read
+ transaction. This custom interface is needed (instead of using
+ the generic Linux user-space PCI mapping) because the DDR bar
+ is very small compared to the DDR memory and only the driver can
+ move the bar before and after the transaction.
+
+ If the IOMMU is disabled, it also allows the root user to read
+ or write from the host a device VA of a host mapped memory
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/data64
+Date: Jan 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Allows the root user to read or write 64 bit data directly
+ through the device's PCI bar. Writing to this file generates a
+ write transaction while reading from the file generates a read
+ transaction. This custom interface is needed (instead of using
+ the generic Linux user-space PCI mapping) because the DDR bar
+ is very small compared to the DDR memory and only the driver can
+ move the bar before and after the transaction.
+
+ If the IOMMU is disabled, it also allows the root user to read
+ or write from the host a device VA of a host mapped memory
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/data_dma
+Date: Apr 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Allows the root user to read from the device's internal
+ memory (DRAM/SRAM) through a DMA engine.
+ This property is a binary blob that contains the result of the
+ DMA transfer.
+ This custom interface is needed (instead of using the generic
+ Linux user-space PCI mapping) because the amount of internal
+ memory is huge (>32GB) and reading it via the PCI bar will take
+ a very long time.
+ This interface doesn't support concurrency in the same device.
+ In GAUDI and GOYA, this action can cause undefined behavior
+ in case it is done while the device is executing user
+ workloads.
+ Only supported on GAUDI at this stage.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/device
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Enables the root user to set the device to specific state.
+ Valid values are "disable", "enable", "suspend", "resume".
+ User can read this property to see the valid values
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/device_release_watchdog_timeout
+Date: Oct 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: ttayar@habana.ai
+Description: The watchdog timeout value in seconds for a device release upon
+ certain error cases, after which the device is reset.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/dma_size
+Date: Apr 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Specify the size of the DMA transaction when using DMA to read
+ from the device's internal memory. The value can not be larger
+ than 128MB. Writing to this value initiates the DMA transfer.
+ When the write is finished, the user can read the "data_dma"
+ blob
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/dump_razwi_events
+Date: Aug 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: fkassabri@habana.ai
+Description: Dumps all razwi events to dmesg if exist.
+ After reading the status register of an existing event
+ the routine will clear the status register.
+ Usage: cat dump_razwi_events
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/dump_security_violations
+Date: Jan 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Dumps all security violations to dmesg. This will also ack
+ all security violations meanings those violations will not be
+ dumped next time user calls this API
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/engines
+Date: Jul 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays the status registers values of the device engines and
+ their derived idle status
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/i2c_addr
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Sets I2C device address for I2C transaction that is generated
+ by the device's CPU, Not available when device is loaded with secured
+ firmware
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/i2c_bus
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Sets I2C bus address for I2C transaction that is generated by
+ the device's CPU, Not available when device is loaded with secured
+ firmware
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/i2c_data
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Triggers an I2C transaction that is generated by the device's
+ CPU. Writing to this file generates a write transaction while
+ reading from the file generates a read transaction, Not available
+ when device is loaded with secured firmware
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/i2c_len
+Date: Dec 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.17
+Contact: obitton@habana.ai
+Description: Sets I2C length in bytes for I2C transaction that is generated by
+ the device's CPU, Not available when device is loaded with secured
+ firmware
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/i2c_reg
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Sets I2C register id for I2C transaction that is generated by
+ the device's CPU, Not available when device is loaded with secured
+ firmware
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/led0
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Sets the state of the first S/W led on the device, Not available
+ when device is loaded with secured firmware
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/led1
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Sets the state of the second S/W led on the device, Not available
+ when device is loaded with secured firmware
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/led2
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Sets the state of the third S/W led on the device, Not available
+ when device is loaded with secured firmware
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/memory_scrub
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: dhirschfeld@habana.ai
+Description: Allows the root user to scrub the dram memory. The scrubbing
+ value can be set using the debugfs file memory_scrub_val.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/memory_scrub_val
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: dhirschfeld@habana.ai
+Description: The value to which the dram will be set to when the user
+ scrubs the dram using 'memory_scrub' debugfs file and
+ the scrubbing value when using module param 'memory_scrub'
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/mmu
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays the hop values and physical address for a given ASID
+ and virtual address. The user should write the ASID and VA into
+ the file and then read the file to get the result.
+ e.g. to display info about VA 0x1000 for ASID 1 you need to do:
+ echo "1 0x1000" > /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/mmu
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/mmu_error
+Date: Mar 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: fkassabri@habana.ai
+Description: Check and display page fault or access violation mmu errors for
+ all MMUs specified in mmu_cap_mask.
+ e.g. to display error info for MMU hw cap bit 9, you need to do:
+ echo "0x200" > /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/mmu_error
+ cat /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/mmu_error
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/monitor_dump
+Date: Mar 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: osharabi@habana.ai
+Description: Allows the root user to dump monitors status from the device's
+ protected config space.
+ This property is a binary blob that contains the result of the
+ monitors registers dump.
+ This custom interface is needed (instead of using the generic
+ Linux user-space PCI mapping) because this space is protected
+ and cannot be accessed using PCI read.
+ This interface doesn't support concurrency in the same device.
+ Only supported on GAUDI.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/monitor_dump_trig
+Date: Mar 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: osharabi@habana.ai
+Description: Triggers dump of monitor data. The value to trigger the operation
+ must be 1. Triggering the monitor dump operation initiates dump of
+ current registers values of all monitors.
+ When the write is finished, the user can read the "monitor_dump"
+ blob
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/server_type
+Date: Feb 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: trisin@habana.ai
+Description: Exposes the device's server type, maps to enum hl_server_type.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/set_power_state
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Sets the PCI power state. Valid values are "1" for D0 and "2"
+ for D3Hot
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/skip_reset_on_timeout
+Date: Jun 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: ynudelman@habana.ai
+Description: Sets the skip reset on timeout option for the device. Value of
+ "0" means device will be reset in case some CS has timed out,
+ otherwise it will not be reset.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/state_dump
+Date: Oct 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: ynudelman@habana.ai
+Description: Gets the state dump occurring on a CS timeout or failure.
+ State dump is used for debug and is created each time in case of
+ a problem in a CS execution, before reset.
+ Reading from the node returns the newest state dump available.
+ Writing an integer X discards X state dumps, so that the
+ next read would return X+1-st newest state dump.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/stop_on_err
+Date: Mar 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Sets the stop-on_error option for the device engines. Value of
+ "0" is for disable, otherwise enable.
+ Relevant only for GOYA and GAUDI.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/timeout_locked
+Date: Sep 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: obitton@habana.ai
+Description: Sets the command submission timeout value in seconds.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/userptr
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays a list with information about the current user
+ pointers (user virtual addresses) that are pinned and mapped
+ to DMA addresses
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/userptr_lookup
+Date: Oct 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Allows to search for specific user pointers (user virtual
+ addresses) that are pinned and mapped to DMA addresses, and see
+ their resolution to the specific dma address.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/accel/<parent_device>/vm
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays a list with information about all the active virtual
+ address mappings per ASID and all user mappings of HW blocks
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-qat b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-qat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3f1efbbad6ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-qat
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/fw_counters
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RO) Read returns the number of requests sent to the FW and the number of responses
+ received from the FW for each Acceleration Engine
+ Reported firmware counters::
+
+ <N>: Number of requests sent from Acceleration Engine N to FW and responses
+ Acceleration Engine N received from FW
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/heartbeat/config
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RW) Read returns value of the Heartbeat update period.
+ Write to the file changes this period value.
+
+ This period should reflect planned polling interval of device
+ health status. High frequency Heartbeat monitoring wastes CPU cycles
+ but minimizes the customer’s system downtime. Also, if there are
+ large service requests that take some time to complete, high frequency
+ Heartbeat monitoring could result in false reports of unresponsiveness
+ and in those cases, period needs to be increased.
+
+ This parameter is effective only for c3xxx, c62x, dh895xcc devices.
+ 4xxx has this value internally fixed to 200ms.
+
+ Default value is set to 500. Minimal allowed value is 200.
+ All values are expressed in milliseconds.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/heartbeat/queries_failed
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RO) Read returns the number of times the device became unresponsive.
+
+ Attribute returns value of the counter which is incremented when
+ status query results negative.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/heartbeat/queries_sent
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RO) Read returns the number of times the control process checked
+ if the device is responsive.
+
+ Attribute returns value of the counter which is incremented on
+ every status query.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/heartbeat/status
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RO) Read returns the device health status.
+
+ Returns 0 when device is healthy or -1 when is unresponsive
+ or the query failed to send.
+
+ The driver does not monitor for Heartbeat. It is left for a user
+ to poll the status periodically.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/pm_status
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RO) Read returns power management information specific to the
+ QAT device.
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/cnv_errors
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RO) Read returns, for each Acceleration Engine (AE), the number
+ of errors and the type of the last error detected by the device
+ when performing verified compression.
+ Reported counters::
+
+ <N>: Number of Compress and Verify (CnV) errors and type
+ of the last CnV error detected by Acceleration
+ Engine N.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/heartbeat/inject_error
+Date: March 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (WO) Write to inject an error that simulates an heartbeat
+ failure. This is to be used for testing purposes.
+
+ After writing this file, the driver stops arbitration on a
+ random engine and disables the fetching of heartbeat counters.
+ If a workload is running on the device, a job submitted to the
+ accelerator might not get a response and a read of the
+ `heartbeat/status` attribute might report -1, i.e. device
+ unresponsive.
+ The error is unrecoverable thus the device must be restarted to
+ restore its functionality.
+
+ This attribute is available only when the kernel is built with
+ CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_QAT_ERROR_INJECTION=y.
+
+ A write of 1 enables error injection.
+
+ The following example shows how to enable error injection::
+
+ # cd /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>
+ # echo 1 > heartbeat/inject_error
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-qat_telemetry b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-qat_telemetry
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..06097ee0f154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-driver-qat_telemetry
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/telemetry/control
+Date: March 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RW) Enables/disables the reporting of telemetry metrics.
+
+ Allowed values to write:
+ ========================
+ * 0: disable telemetry
+ * 1: enable telemetry
+ * 2, 3, 4: enable telemetry and calculate minimum, maximum
+ and average for each counter over 2, 3 or 4 samples
+
+ Returned values:
+ ================
+ * 1-4: telemetry is enabled and running
+ * 0: telemetry is disabled
+
+ Example.
+
+ Writing '3' to this file starts the collection of
+ telemetry metrics. Samples are collected every second and
+ stored in a circular buffer of size 3. These values are then
+ used to calculate the minimum, maximum and average for each
+ counter. After enabling, counters can be retrieved through
+ the ``device_data`` file::
+
+ echo 3 > /sys/kernel/debug/qat_4xxx_0000:6b:00.0/telemetry/control
+
+ Writing '0' to this file stops the collection of telemetry
+ metrics::
+
+ echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/qat_4xxx_0000:6b:00.0/telemetry/control
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/telemetry/device_data
+Date: March 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RO) Reports device telemetry counters.
+ Reads report metrics about performance and utilization of
+ a QAT device:
+
+ ======================= ========================================
+ Field Description
+ ======================= ========================================
+ sample_cnt number of acquisitions of telemetry data
+ from the device. Reads are performed
+ every 1000 ms.
+ pci_trans_cnt number of PCIe partial transactions
+ max_rd_lat maximum logged read latency [ns] (could
+ be any read operation)
+ rd_lat_acc_avg average read latency [ns]
+ max_gp_lat max get to put latency [ns] (only takes
+ samples for AE0)
+ gp_lat_acc_avg average get to put latency [ns]
+ bw_in PCIe, write bandwidth [Mbps]
+ bw_out PCIe, read bandwidth [Mbps]
+ re_acc_avg average ring empty time [ns]
+ at_page_req_lat_avg Address Translator(AT), average page
+ request latency [ns]
+ at_trans_lat_avg AT, average page translation latency [ns]
+ at_max_tlb_used AT, maximum uTLB used
+ util_cpr<N> utilization of Compression slice N [%]
+ exec_cpr<N> execution count of Compression slice N
+ util_xlt<N> utilization of Translator slice N [%]
+ exec_xlt<N> execution count of Translator slice N
+ util_dcpr<N> utilization of Decompression slice N [%]
+ exec_dcpr<N> execution count of Decompression slice N
+ util_cnv<N> utilization of Compression and verify slice N [%]
+ exec_cnv<N> execution count of Compression and verify slice N
+ util_dcprz<N> utilization of Decompression slice N [%]
+ exec_dcprz<N> execution count of Decompression slice N
+ util_pke<N> utilization of PKE N [%]
+ exec_pke<N> execution count of PKE N
+ util_ucs<N> utilization of UCS slice N [%]
+ exec_ucs<N> execution count of UCS slice N
+ util_wat<N> utilization of Wireless Authentication
+ slice N [%]
+ exec_wat<N> execution count of Wireless Authentication
+ slice N
+ util_wcp<N> utilization of Wireless Cipher slice N [%]
+ exec_wcp<N> execution count of Wireless Cipher slice N
+ util_cph<N> utilization of Cipher slice N [%]
+ exec_cph<N> execution count of Cipher slice N
+ util_ath<N> utilization of Authentication slice N [%]
+ exec_ath<N> execution count of Authentication slice N
+ cmdq_wait_cnv<N> wait time for cmdq N to get Compression and verify
+ slice ownership
+ cmdq_exec_cnv<N> Compression and verify slice execution time while
+ owned by cmdq N
+ cmdq_drain_cnv<N> time taken for cmdq N to release Compression and
+ verify slice ownership
+ cmdq_wait_dcprz<N> wait time for cmdq N to get Decompression
+ slice N ownership
+ cmdq_exec_dcprz<N> Decompression slice execution time while
+ owned by cmdq N
+ cmdq_drain_dcprz<N> time taken for cmdq N to release Decompression
+ slice ownership
+ cmdq_wait_pke<N> wait time for cmdq N to get PKE slice ownership
+ cmdq_exec_pke<N> PKE slice execution time while owned by cmdq N
+ cmdq_drain_pke<N> time taken for cmdq N to release PKE slice
+ ownership
+ cmdq_wait_ucs<N> wait time for cmdq N to get UCS slice ownership
+ cmdq_exec_ucs<N> UCS slice execution time while owned by cmdq N
+ cmdq_drain_ucs<N> time taken for cmdq N to release UCS slice
+ ownership
+ cmdq_wait_ath<N> wait time for cmdq N to get Authentication slice
+ ownership
+ cmdq_exec_ath<N> Authentication slice execution time while owned
+ by cmdq N
+ cmdq_drain_ath<N> time taken for cmdq N to release Authentication
+ slice ownership
+ ======================= ========================================
+
+ The telemetry report file can be read with the following command::
+
+ cat /sys/kernel/debug/qat_4xxx_0000:6b:00.0/telemetry/device_data
+
+ If ``control`` is set to 1, only the current values of the
+ counters are displayed::
+
+ <counter_name> <current>
+
+ If ``control`` is 2, 3 or 4, counters are displayed in the
+ following format::
+
+ <counter_name> <current> <min> <max> <avg>
+
+ If a device lacks of a specific accelerator, the corresponding
+ attribute is not reported.
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/qat_<device>_<BDF>/telemetry/rp_<A/B/C/D>_data
+Date: March 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RW) Selects up to 4 Ring Pairs (RP) to monitor, one per file,
+ and report telemetry counters related to each.
+
+ Allowed values to write:
+ ========================
+ * 0 to ``<num_rps - 1>``:
+ Ring pair to be monitored. The value of ``num_rps`` can be
+ retrieved through ``/sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/num_rps``.
+ See Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat.
+
+ Reads report metrics about performance and utilization of
+ the selected RP:
+
+ ======================= ========================================
+ Field Description
+ ======================= ========================================
+ sample_cnt number of acquisitions of telemetry data
+ from the device. Reads are performed
+ every 1000 ms
+ rp_num RP number associated with slot <A/B/C/D>
+ service_type service associated to the RP
+ pci_trans_cnt number of PCIe partial transactions
+ gp_lat_acc_avg average get to put latency [ns]
+ bw_in PCIe, write bandwidth [Mbps]
+ bw_out PCIe, read bandwidth [Mbps]
+ at_glob_devtlb_hit Message descriptor DevTLB hit rate
+ at_glob_devtlb_miss Message descriptor DevTLB miss rate
+ tl_at_payld_devtlb_hit Payload DevTLB hit rate
+ tl_at_payld_devtlb_miss Payload DevTLB miss rate
+ ======================= ========================================
+
+ Example.
+
+ Writing the value '32' to the file ``rp_C_data`` starts the
+ collection of telemetry metrics for ring pair 32::
+
+ echo 32 > /sys/kernel/debug/qat_4xxx_0000:6b:00.0/telemetry/rp_C_data
+
+ Once a ring pair is selected, statistics can be read accessing
+ the file::
+
+ cat /sys/kernel/debug/qat_4xxx_0000:6b:00.0/telemetry/rp_C_data
+
+ If ``control`` is set to 1, only the current values of the
+ counters are displayed::
+
+ <counter_name> <current>
+
+ If ``control`` is 2, 3 or 4, counters are displayed in the
+ following format::
+
+ <counter_name> <current> <min> <max> <avg>
+
+
+ On QAT GEN4 devices there are 64 RPs on a PF, so the allowed
+ values are 0..63. This number is absolute to the device.
+ If Virtual Functions (VF) are used, the ring pair number can
+ be derived from the Bus, Device, Function of the VF:
+
+ ============ ====== ====== ====== ======
+ PCI BDF/VF RP0 RP1 RP2 RP3
+ ============ ====== ====== ====== ======
+ 0000:6b:0.1 RP 0 RP 1 RP 2 RP 3
+ 0000:6b:0.2 RP 4 RP 5 RP 6 RP 7
+ 0000:6b:0.3 RP 8 RP 9 RP 10 RP 11
+ 0000:6b:0.4 RP 12 RP 13 RP 14 RP 15
+ 0000:6b:0.5 RP 16 RP 17 RP 18 RP 19
+ 0000:6b:0.6 RP 20 RP 21 RP 22 RP 23
+ 0000:6b:0.7 RP 24 RP 25 RP 26 RP 27
+ 0000:6b:1.0 RP 28 RP 29 RP 30 RP 31
+ 0000:6b:1.1 RP 32 RP 33 RP 34 RP 35
+ 0000:6b:1.2 RP 36 RP 37 RP 38 RP 39
+ 0000:6b:1.3 RP 40 RP 41 RP 42 RP 43
+ 0000:6b:1.4 RP 44 RP 45 RP 46 RP 47
+ 0000:6b:1.5 RP 48 RP 49 RP 50 RP 51
+ 0000:6b:1.6 RP 52 RP 53 RP 54 RP 55
+ 0000:6b:1.7 RP 56 RP 57 RP 58 RP 59
+ 0000:6b:2.0 RP 60 RP 61 RP 62 RP 63
+ ============ ====== ====== ====== ======
+
+ The mapping is only valid for the BDFs of VFs on the host.
+
+
+ The service provided on a ring-pair varies depending on the
+ configuration. The configuration for a given device can be
+ queried and set using ``cfg_services``.
+ See Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat for details.
+
+ The following table reports how ring pairs are mapped to VFs
+ on the PF 0000:6b:0.0 configured for `sym;asym` or `asym;sym`:
+
+ =========== ============ =========== ============ ===========
+ PCI BDF/VF RP0/service RP1/service RP2/service RP3/service
+ =========== ============ =========== ============ ===========
+ 0000:6b:0.1 RP 0 asym RP 1 sym RP 2 asym RP 3 sym
+ 0000:6b:0.2 RP 4 asym RP 5 sym RP 6 asym RP 7 sym
+ 0000:6b:0.3 RP 8 asym RP 9 sym RP10 asym RP11 sym
+ ... ... ... ... ...
+ =========== ============ =========== ============ ===========
+
+ All VFs follow the same pattern.
+
+
+ The following table reports how ring pairs are mapped to VFs on
+ the PF 0000:6b:0.0 configured for `dc`:
+
+ =========== ============ =========== ============ ===========
+ PCI BDF/VF RP0/service RP1/service RP2/service RP3/service
+ =========== ============ =========== ============ ===========
+ 0000:6b:0.1 RP 0 dc RP 1 dc RP 2 dc RP 3 dc
+ 0000:6b:0.2 RP 4 dc RP 5 dc RP 6 dc RP 7 dc
+ 0000:6b:0.3 RP 8 dc RP 9 dc RP10 dc RP11 dc
+ ... ... ... ... ...
+ =========== ============ =========== ============ ===========
+
+ The mapping of a RP to a service can be retrieved using
+ ``rp2srv`` from sysfs.
+ See Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat for details.
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-dwc-pcie b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-dwc-pcie
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..92b76f52a408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-dwc-pcie
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_debug/lane_detect
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Shradha Todi <shradha.t@samsung.com>
+Description: (RW) Write the lane number to be checked for detection. Read
+ will return whether PHY indicates receiver detection on the
+ selected lane. The default selected lane is Lane0.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_debug/rx_valid
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Shradha Todi <shradha.t@samsung.com>
+Description: (RW) Write the lane number to be checked as valid or invalid.
+ Read will return the status of PIPE RXVALID signal of the
+ selected lane. The default selected lane is Lane0.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Shradha Todi <shradha.t@samsung.com>
+Description: The "rasdes_err_inj" is a directory which can be used to inject
+ errors into the system. The possible errors that can be injected
+ are:
+
+ 1) tx_lcrc - TLP LCRC error injection TX Path
+ 2) b16_crc_dllp - 16b CRC error injection of ACK/NAK DLLP
+ 3) b16_crc_upd_fc - 16b CRC error injection of Update-FC DLLP
+ 4) tx_ecrc - TLP ECRC error injection TX Path
+ 5) fcrc_tlp - TLP's FCRC error injection TX Path
+ 6) parity_tsos - Parity error of TSOS
+ 7) parity_skpos - Parity error on SKPOS
+ 8) rx_lcrc - LCRC error injection RX Path
+ 9) rx_ecrc - ECRC error injection RX Path
+ 10) tlp_err_seq - TLPs SEQ# error
+ 11) ack_nak_dllp_seq - DLLPS ACK/NAK SEQ# error
+ 12) ack_nak_dllp - ACK/NAK DLLPs transmission block
+ 13) upd_fc_dllp - UpdateFC DLLPs transmission block
+ 14) nak_dllp - Always transmission for NAK DLLP
+ 15) inv_sync_hdr_sym - Invert SYNC header
+ 16) com_pad_ts1 - COM/PAD TS1 order set
+ 17) com_pad_ts2 - COM/PAD TS2 order set
+ 18) com_fts - COM/FTS FTS order set
+ 19) com_idl - COM/IDL E-idle order set
+ 20) end_edb - END/EDB symbol
+ 21) stp_sdp - STP/SDP symbol
+ 22) com_skp - COM/SKP SKP order set
+ 23) posted_tlp_hdr - Posted TLP Header credit value control
+ 24) non_post_tlp_hdr - Non-Posted TLP Header credit value control
+ 25) cmpl_tlp_hdr - Completion TLP Header credit value control
+ 26) posted_tlp_data - Posted TLP Data credit value control
+ 27) non_post_tlp_data - Non-Posted TLP Data credit value control
+ 28) cmpl_tlp_data - Completion TLP Data credit value control
+ 29) duplicate_tlp - Generates duplicate TLPs
+ 30) nullified_tlp - Generates Nullified TLPs
+
+ (WO) Write to the attribute will prepare controller to inject
+ the respective error in the next transmission of data.
+
+ Parameter required to write will change in the following ways:
+
+ - Errors 9 and 10 are sequence errors. The write command:
+
+ echo <count> <diff> > /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>
+
+ <count>
+ Number of errors to be injected
+ <diff>
+ The difference to add or subtract from natural
+ sequence number to generate sequence error.
+ Allowed range from -4095 to 4095
+
+ - Errors 23 to 28 are credit value error insertions. The write
+ command:
+
+ echo <count> <diff> <vc> > /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>
+
+ <count>
+ Number of errors to be injected
+ <diff>
+ The difference to add or subtract from UpdateFC
+ credit value. Allowed range from -4095 to 4095
+ <vc>
+ Target VC number
+
+ - All other errors. The write command:
+
+ echo <count> > /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>
+
+ <count>
+ Number of errors to be injected
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_event_counters/<event>/counter_enable
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Shradha Todi <shradha.t@samsung.com>
+Description: The "rasdes_event_counters" is the directory which can be used
+ to collect statistical data about the number of times a certain
+ event has occurred in the controller. The list of possible
+ events are:
+
+ 1) EBUF Overflow
+ 2) EBUF Underrun
+ 3) Decode Error
+ 4) Running Disparity Error
+ 5) SKP OS Parity Error
+ 6) SYNC Header Error
+ 7) Rx Valid De-assertion
+ 8) CTL SKP OS Parity Error
+ 9) 1st Retimer Parity Error
+ 10) 2nd Retimer Parity Error
+ 11) Margin CRC and Parity Error
+ 12) Detect EI Infer
+ 13) Receiver Error
+ 14) RX Recovery Req
+ 15) N_FTS Timeout
+ 16) Framing Error
+ 17) Deskew Error
+ 18) Framing Error In L0
+ 19) Deskew Uncompleted Error
+ 20) Bad TLP
+ 21) LCRC Error
+ 22) Bad DLLP
+ 23) Replay Number Rollover
+ 24) Replay Timeout
+ 25) Rx Nak DLLP
+ 26) Tx Nak DLLP
+ 27) Retry TLP
+ 28) FC Timeout
+ 29) Poisoned TLP
+ 30) ECRC Error
+ 31) Unsupported Request
+ 32) Completer Abort
+ 33) Completion Timeout
+ 34) EBUF SKP Add
+ 35) EBUF SKP Del
+
+ (RW) Write 1 to enable the event counter and write 0 to disable
+ the event counter. Read will return whether the counter is
+ currently enabled or disabled. Counter is disabled by default.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_event_counters/<event>/counter_value
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Shradha Todi <shradha.t@samsung.com>
+Description: (RO) Read will return the current value of the event counter.
+ To reset the counter, counter should be disabled first and then
+ enabled back using the "counter_enable" attribute.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_event_counters/<event>/lane_select
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Shradha Todi <shradha.t@samsung.com>
+Description: (RW) Some lanes in the event list are lane specific events.
+ These include events from 1 to 11, as well as, 34 and 35. Write
+ the lane number for which you wish the counter to be enabled,
+ disabled, or value dumped. Read will return the current
+ selected lane number. Lane0 is selected by default.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/ltssm_status
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Hans Zhang <18255117159@163.com>
+Description: (RO) Read will return the current PCIe LTSSM state in both
+ string and raw value.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-ec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-ec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ab6099daa8f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-ec
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/ec/*/{gpe,use_global_lock,io}
+Date: July 2010
+Contact: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
+Description:
+
+General information like which GPE is assigned to the EC and whether
+the global lock should get used.
+Knowing the EC GPE one can watch the amount of HW events related to
+the EC here (XY -> GPE number from `/sys/kernel/debug/ec/*/gpe`):
+/sys/firmware/acpi/interrupts/gpeXY
+
+The io file is binary and a userspace tool located here:
+ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/trenn/sources/ec/
+should get used to read out the 256 Embedded Controller registers
+or writing to them.
+
+CAUTION:
+ Do not write to the Embedded Controller if you don't know
+ what you are doing! Rebooting afterwards also is a good idea.
+ This can influence the way your machine is cooled and fans may
+ not get switched on again after you did a wrong write.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-hpre b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-hpre
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..29fb7d5ffc69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-hpre
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/cluster[0-3]/regs
+Date: Sep 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump debug registers from the HPRE cluster.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/cluster[0-3]/cluster_ctrl
+Date: Sep 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Write the HPRE core selection in the cluster into this file,
+ and then we can read the debug information of the core.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/rdclr_en
+Date: Sep 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: HPRE cores debug registers read clear control. 1 means enable
+ register read clear, otherwise 0. Writing to this file has no
+ functional effect, only enable or disable counters clear after
+ reading of these registers.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/current_qm
+Date: Sep 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: One HPRE controller has one PF and multiple VFs, each function
+ has a QM. Select the QM which below qm refers to.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/alg_qos
+Date: Jun 2021
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The <bdf> is related the function for PF and VF.
+ HPRE driver supports to configure each function's QoS, the driver
+ supports to write <bdf> value to alg_qos in the host. Such as
+ "echo <bdf> value > alg_qos". The qos value is 1~1000, means
+ 1/1000~1000/1000 of total QoS. The driver reading alg_qos to
+ get related QoS in the host and VM, Such as "cat alg_qos".
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/regs
+Date: Sep 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump debug registers from the HPRE.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/regs
+Date: Sep 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump debug registers from the QM.
+ Available for PF and VF in host. VF in guest currently only
+ has one debug register.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/current_q
+Date: Sep 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: One QM may contain multiple queues. Select specific queue to
+ show its debug registers in above regs.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/clear_enable
+Date: Sep 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: QM debug registers(regs) read clear control. 1 means enable
+ register read clear, otherwise 0.
+ Writing to this file has no functional effect, only enable or
+ disable counters clear after reading of these registers.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/err_irq
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of invalid interrupts for
+ QM task completion.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/aeq_irq
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of QM async event queue interrupts.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/abnormal_irq
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of interrupts for QM abnormal event.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/create_qp_err
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of queue allocation errors.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/mb_err
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of failed QM mailbox commands.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/status
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the status of the QM.
+ Two states: work, stop.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/diff_regs
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: QM debug registers(regs) read hardware register value. This
+ node is used to show the change of the qm register values. This
+ node can be help users to check the change of register values.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/qm_state
+Date: Jan 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the state of the device.
+ 0: busy, 1: idle.
+ Only available for PF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/dev_timeout
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Set the wait time when stop queue fails. Available for both PF
+ and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+ 0: not wait(default), others value: wait dev_timeout * 20 microsecond.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/qm/dev_state
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the stop queue status of the QM. The default value is 0,
+ if dev_timeout is set, when stop queue fails, the dev_state
+ will return non-zero value. Available for both PF and VF,
+ and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/hpre_dfx/diff_regs
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: HPRE debug registers(regs) read hardware register value. This
+ node is used to show the change of the register values. This
+ node can be help users to check the change of register values.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/hpre_dfx/send_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of sent requests.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/hpre_dfx/recv_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of received requests.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/hpre_dfx/send_busy_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of requests sent
+ with returning busy.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/hpre_dfx/send_fail_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of completed but error requests.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/hpre_dfx/invalid_req_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of invalid requests being received.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/hpre_dfx/overtime_thrhld
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Set the threshold time for counting the request which is
+ processed longer than the threshold.
+ 0: disable(default), 1: 1 microsecond.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/hpre_dfx/over_thrhld_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of time out requests.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_hpre/<bdf>/cap_regs
+Date: Oct 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the values of the qm and hpre capability bit registers and
+ support the query of device specifications to facilitate fault locating.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on HPRE.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-migration b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-migration
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2c01b2d387dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-migration
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/vfio/<device>/migration/hisi_acc/dev_data
+Date: Jan 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com>
+Description: Read the configuration data and some status data
+ required for device live migration. These data include device
+ status data, queue configuration data, some task configuration
+ data and device attribute data. The output format of the data
+ is defined by the live migration driver.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/vfio/<device>/migration/hisi_acc/migf_data
+Date: Jan 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com>
+Description: Read the data from the last completed live migration.
+ This data includes the same device status data as in "dev_data".
+ The migf_data is the dev_data that is migrated.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/vfio/<device>/migration/hisi_acc/cmd_state
+Date: Jan 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com>
+Description: Used to obtain the device command sending and receiving
+ channel status. Returns failure or success logs based on the
+ results.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-sec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-sec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..82bf4a0dc7f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-sec
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/clear_enable
+Date: Oct 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Enabling/disabling of clear action after reading
+ the SEC debug registers.
+ 0: disable, 1: enable.
+ Only available for PF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/current_qm
+Date: Oct 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: One SEC controller has one PF and multiple VFs, each function
+ has a QM. This file can be used to select the QM which below
+ qm refers to.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/alg_qos
+Date: Jun 2021
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The <bdf> is related the function for PF and VF.
+ SEC driver supports to configure each function's QoS, the driver
+ supports to write <bdf> value to alg_qos in the host. Such as
+ "echo <bdf> value > alg_qos". The qos value is 1~1000, means
+ 1/1000~1000/1000 of total QoS. The driver reading alg_qos to
+ get related QoS in the host and VM, Such as "cat alg_qos".
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/qm_regs
+Date: Oct 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump of QM related debug registers.
+ Available for PF and VF in host. VF in guest currently only
+ has one debug register.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/current_q
+Date: Oct 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: One QM of SEC may contain multiple queues. Select specific
+ queue to show its debug registers in above 'regs'.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/clear_enable
+Date: Oct 2019
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Enabling/disabling of clear action after reading
+ the SEC's QM debug registers.
+ 0: disable, 1: enable.
+ Only available for PF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/err_irq
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of invalid interrupts for
+ QM task completion.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/aeq_irq
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of QM async event queue interrupts.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/abnormal_irq
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of interrupts for QM abnormal event.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/create_qp_err
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of queue allocation errors.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/mb_err
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of failed QM mailbox commands.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/status
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the status of the QM.
+ Two states: work, stop.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/diff_regs
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: QM debug registers(regs) read hardware register value. This
+ node is used to show the change of the qm register values. This
+ node can be help users to check the change of register values.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/qm_state
+Date: Jan 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the state of the device.
+ 0: busy, 1: idle.
+ Only available for PF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/dev_timeout
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Set the wait time when stop queue fails. Available for both PF
+ and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+ 0: not wait(default), others value: wait dev_timeout * 20 microsecond.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/qm/dev_state
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the stop queue status of the QM. The default value is 0,
+ if dev_timeout is set, when stop queue fails, the dev_state
+ will return non-zero value. Available for both PF and VF,
+ and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/sec_dfx/diff_regs
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: SEC debug registers(regs) read hardware register value. This
+ node is used to show the change of the register values. This
+ node can be help users to check the change of register values.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/sec_dfx/send_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of sent requests.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/sec_dfx/recv_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of received requests.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/sec_dfx/send_busy_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of requests sent with returning busy.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/sec_dfx/err_bd_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of BD type error requests
+ to be received.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/sec_dfx/invalid_req_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of invalid requests being received.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/sec_dfx/done_flag_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of completed but marked error requests
+ to be received.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_sec2/<bdf>/cap_regs
+Date: Oct 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the values of the qm and sec capability bit registers and
+ support the query of device specifications to facilitate fault locating.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on SEC.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-zip b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-zip
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0abd65d27e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hisi-zip
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/comp_core[01]/regs
+Date: Nov 2018
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump of compression cores related debug registers.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/decomp_core[0-5]/regs
+Date: Nov 2018
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump of decompression cores related debug registers.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/clear_enable
+Date: Nov 2018
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Compression/decompression core debug registers read clear
+ control. 1 means enable register read clear, otherwise 0.
+ Writing to this file has no functional effect, only enable or
+ disable counters clear after reading of these registers.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/current_qm
+Date: Nov 2018
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: One ZIP controller has one PF and multiple VFs, each function
+ has a QM. Select the QM which below qm refers to.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/alg_qos
+Date: Jun 2021
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: The <bdf> is related the function for PF and VF.
+ ZIP driver supports to configure each function's QoS, the driver
+ supports to write <bdf> value to alg_qos in the host. Such as
+ "echo <bdf> value > alg_qos". The qos value is 1~1000, means
+ 1/1000~1000/1000 of total QoS. The driver reading alg_qos to
+ get related QoS in the host and VM, Such as "cat alg_qos".
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/regs
+Date: Nov 2018
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump of QM related debug registers.
+ Available for PF and VF in host. VF in guest currently only
+ has one debug register.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/current_q
+Date: Nov 2018
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: One QM may contain multiple queues. Select specific queue to
+ show its debug registers in above regs.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/clear_enable
+Date: Nov 2018
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: QM debug registers(regs) read clear control. 1 means enable
+ register read clear, otherwise 0.
+ Writing to this file has no functional effect, only enable or
+ disable counters clear after reading of these registers.
+ Only available for PF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/err_irq
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of invalid interrupts for
+ QM task completion.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/aeq_irq
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of QM async event queue interrupts.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/abnormal_irq
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of interrupts for QM abnormal event.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/create_qp_err
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of queue allocation errors.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/mb_err
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the number of failed QM mailbox commands.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/status
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the status of the QM.
+ Two states: work, stop.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/diff_regs
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: QM debug registers(regs) read hardware register value. This
+ node is used to show the change of the qm registers value. This
+ node can be help users to check the change of register values.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/qm_state
+Date: Jan 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the state of the device.
+ 0: busy, 1: idle.
+ Only available for PF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/dev_timeout
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Set the wait time when stop queue fails. Available for both PF
+ and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+ 0: not wait(default), others value: wait dev_timeout * 20 microsecond.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/qm/dev_state
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the stop queue status of the QM. The default value is 0,
+ if dev_timeout is set, when stop queue fails, the dev_state
+ will return non-zero value. Available for both PF and VF,
+ and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/zip_dfx/diff_regs
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: ZIP debug registers(regs) read hardware register value. This
+ node is used to show the change of the registers value. this
+ node can be help users to check the change of register values.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/zip_dfx/send_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of sent requests.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/zip_dfx/recv_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of received requests.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/zip_dfx/send_busy_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of requests received
+ with returning busy.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/zip_dfx/err_bd_cnt
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the total number of BD type error requests
+ to be received.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hisi_zip/<bdf>/cap_regs
+Date: Oct 2024
+Contact: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Dump the values of the qm and zip capability bit registers and
+ support the query of device specifications to facilitate fault locating.
+ Available for both PF and VF, and take no other effect on ZIP.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hyperv b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hyperv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9185e1b06bba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-hyperv
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hyperv/<UUID>/fuzz_test_state
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Branden Bonaby <brandonbonaby94@gmail.com>
+Description: Fuzz testing status of a vmbus device, whether its in an ON
+ state or a OFF state
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hyperv/<UUID>/delay/fuzz_test_buffer_interrupt_delay
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Branden Bonaby <brandonbonaby94@gmail.com>
+Description: Fuzz testing buffer interrupt delay value between 0 - 1000
+ microseconds (inclusive).
+Users: Debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/hyperv/<UUID>/delay/fuzz_test_message_delay
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Branden Bonaby <brandonbonaby94@gmail.com>
+Description: Fuzz testing message delay value between 0 - 1000 microseconds
+ (inclusive).
+Users: Debugging tools
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-ideapad b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-ideapad
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7079c0b21030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-ideapad
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/ideapad/cfg
+Date: Sep 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.2
+Contact: Ike Panhc <ike.pan@canonical.com>
+Description:
+
+cfg shows the return value of _CFG method in VPC2004 device. It tells machine
+capability and what graphic component within the machine.
+
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/ideapad/status
+Date: Sep 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.2
+Contact: Ike Panhc <ike.pan@canonical.com>
+Description:
+
+status shows infos we can read and tells its meaning and value.
+
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-iio-ad9467 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-iio-ad9467
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0352fca1f7f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-iio-ad9467
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iio/iio:deviceX/calibration_table_dump
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This dumps the calibration table that was filled during the
+ digital interface tuning process.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iio/iio:deviceX/in_voltage_test_mode_available
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ List all the available test tones:
+ - off
+ - midscale_short
+ - pos_fullscale
+ - neg_fullscale
+ - checkerboard
+ - prbs23
+ - prbs9
+ - one_zero_toggle
+ - user
+ - bit_toggle
+ - sync
+ - one_bit_high
+ - mixed_bit_frequency
+ - ramp
+
+ Note that depending on the actual device being used, some of the
+ above might not be available (and they won't be listed when
+ reading the file).
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iio/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_test_mode
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing to this file will initiate one of available test tone on
+ channel Y. Reading it, shows which test is running. In cases
+ where an IIO backend is available and supports the test tone,
+ additional information about the data correctness is given.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-iio-backend b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-iio-backend
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..01ab94469432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-iio-backend
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iio/iio:deviceX/backendY/name
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Name of Backend Y connected to device X.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iio/iio:deviceX/backendY/direct_reg_access
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Directly access the registers of backend Y. Typical usage is:
+
+ Reading address 0x50
+ echo 0x50 > direct_reg_access
+ cat direct_reg_access
+
+ Writing address 0x50
+ echo 0x50 0x3 > direct_reg_access
+ //readback address 0x50
+ cat direct_reg_access
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-intel-iommu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-intel-iommu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2ab8464504a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-intel-iommu
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/iommu_regset
+Date: December 2023
+Contact: Jingqi Liu <Jingqi.liu@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file dumps all the register contents for each IOMMU device.
+
+ Example in Kabylake:
+
+ ::
+
+ $ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/iommu_regset
+
+ IOMMU: dmar0 Register Base Address: 26be37000
+
+ Name Offset Contents
+ VER 0x00 0x0000000000000010
+ GCMD 0x18 0x0000000000000000
+ GSTS 0x1c 0x00000000c7000000
+ FSTS 0x34 0x0000000000000000
+ FECTL 0x38 0x0000000000000000
+
+ [...]
+
+ IOMMU: dmar1 Register Base Address: fed90000
+
+ Name Offset Contents
+ VER 0x00 0x0000000000000010
+ GCMD 0x18 0x0000000000000000
+ GSTS 0x1c 0x00000000c7000000
+ FSTS 0x34 0x0000000000000000
+ FECTL 0x38 0x0000000000000000
+
+ [...]
+
+ IOMMU: dmar2 Register Base Address: fed91000
+
+ Name Offset Contents
+ VER 0x00 0x0000000000000010
+ GCMD 0x18 0x0000000000000000
+ GSTS 0x1c 0x00000000c7000000
+ FSTS 0x34 0x0000000000000000
+ FECTL 0x38 0x0000000000000000
+
+ [...]
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/ir_translation_struct
+Date: December 2023
+Contact: Jingqi Liu <Jingqi.liu@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file dumps the table entries for Interrupt
+ remapping and Interrupt posting.
+
+ Example in Kabylake:
+
+ ::
+
+ $ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/ir_translation_struct
+
+ Remapped Interrupt supported on IOMMU: dmar0
+ IR table address:100900000
+
+ Entry SrcID DstID Vct IRTE_high IRTE_low
+ 0 00:0a.0 00000080 24 0000000000040050 000000800024000d
+ 1 00:0a.0 00000001 ef 0000000000040050 0000000100ef000d
+
+ Remapped Interrupt supported on IOMMU: dmar1
+ IR table address:100300000
+ Entry SrcID DstID Vct IRTE_high IRTE_low
+ 0 00:02.0 00000002 26 0000000000040010 000000020026000d
+
+ [...]
+
+ ****
+
+ Posted Interrupt supported on IOMMU: dmar0
+ IR table address:100900000
+ Entry SrcID PDA_high PDA_low Vct IRTE_high IRTE_low
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/dmar_translation_struct
+Date: December 2023
+Contact: Jingqi Liu <Jingqi.liu@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file dumps Intel IOMMU DMA remapping tables, such
+ as root table, context table, PASID directory and PASID
+ table entries in debugfs. For legacy mode, it doesn't
+ support PASID, and hence PASID field is defaulted to
+ '-1' and other PASID related fields are invalid.
+
+ Example in Kabylake:
+
+ ::
+
+ $ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/dmar_translation_struct
+
+ IOMMU dmar1: Root Table Address: 0x103027000
+ B.D.F Root_entry
+ 00:02.0 0x0000000000000000:0x000000010303e001
+
+ Context_entry
+ 0x0000000000000102:0x000000010303f005
+
+ PASID PASID_table_entry
+ -1 0x0000000000000000:0x0000000000000000:0x0000000000000000
+
+ IOMMU dmar0: Root Table Address: 0x103028000
+ B.D.F Root_entry
+ 00:0a.0 0x0000000000000000:0x00000001038a7001
+
+ Context_entry
+ 0x0000000000000000:0x0000000103220e7d
+
+ PASID PASID_table_entry
+ 0 0x0000000000000000:0x0000000000800002:0x00000001038a5089
+
+ [...]
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/invalidation_queue
+Date: December 2023
+Contact: Jingqi Liu <Jingqi.liu@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file exports invalidation queue internals of each
+ IOMMU device.
+
+ Example in Kabylake:
+
+ ::
+
+ $ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/invalidation_queue
+
+ Invalidation queue on IOMMU: dmar0
+ Base: 0x10022e000 Head: 20 Tail: 20
+ Index qw0 qw1 qw2
+ 0 0000000000000014 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
+ 1 0000000200000025 0000000100059c04 0000000000000000
+ 2 0000000000000014 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
+
+ qw3 status
+ 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
+ 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
+ 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
+
+ [...]
+
+ Invalidation queue on IOMMU: dmar1
+ Base: 0x10026e000 Head: 32 Tail: 32
+ Index qw0 qw1 status
+ 0 0000000000000004 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
+ 1 0000000200000025 0000000100059804 0000000000000000
+ 2 0000000000000011 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
+
+ [...]
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/dmar_perf_latency
+Date: December 2023
+Contact: Jingqi Liu <Jingqi.liu@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file is used to control and show counts of
+ execution time ranges for various types per DMAR.
+
+ Firstly, write a value to
+ /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/dmar_perf_latency
+ to enable sampling.
+
+ The possible values are as follows:
+
+ * 0 - disable sampling all latency data
+
+ * 1 - enable sampling IOTLB invalidation latency data
+
+ * 2 - enable sampling devTLB invalidation latency data
+
+ * 3 - enable sampling intr entry cache invalidation latency data
+
+ Next, read /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/dmar_perf_latency gives
+ a snapshot of sampling result of all enabled monitors.
+
+ Examples in Kabylake:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1) Disable sampling all latency data:
+
+ $ sudo echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/dmar_perf_latency
+
+ 2) Enable sampling IOTLB invalidation latency data
+
+ $ sudo echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/dmar_perf_latency
+
+ $ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/dmar_perf_latency
+
+ IOMMU: dmar0 Register Base Address: 26be37000
+ <0.1us 0.1us-1us 1us-10us 10us-100us 100us-1ms
+ inv_iotlb 0 0 0 0 0
+
+ 1ms-10ms >=10ms min(us) max(us) average(us)
+ inv_iotlb 0 0 0 0 0
+
+ [...]
+
+ IOMMU: dmar2 Register Base Address: fed91000
+ <0.1us 0.1us-1us 1us-10us 10us-100us 100us-1ms
+ inv_iotlb 0 0 18 0 0
+
+ 1ms-10ms >=10ms min(us) max(us) average(us)
+ inv_iotlb 0 0 2 2 2
+
+ 3) Enable sampling devTLB invalidation latency data
+
+ $ sudo echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/dmar_perf_latency
+
+ $ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/dmar_perf_latency
+
+ IOMMU: dmar0 Register Base Address: 26be37000
+ <0.1us 0.1us-1us 1us-10us 10us-100us 100us-1ms
+ inv_devtlb 0 0 0 0 0
+
+ >=10ms min(us) max(us) average(us)
+ inv_devtlb 0 0 0 0
+
+ [...]
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/<bdf>/domain_translation_struct
+Date: December 2023
+Contact: Jingqi Liu <Jingqi.liu@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file dumps a specified page table of Intel IOMMU
+ in legacy mode or scalable mode.
+
+ For a device that only supports legacy mode, dump its
+ page table by the debugfs file in the debugfs device
+ directory. e.g.
+ /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/0000:00:02.0/domain_translation_struct.
+
+ For a device that supports scalable mode, dump the
+ page table of specified pasid by the debugfs file in
+ the debugfs pasid directory. e.g.
+ /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/0000:00:02.0/1/domain_translation_struct.
+
+ Examples in Kabylake:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1) Dump the page table of device "0000:00:02.0" that only supports legacy mode.
+
+ $ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/0000:00:02.0/domain_translation_struct
+
+ Device 0000:00:02.0 @0x1017f8000
+ IOVA_PFN PML5E PML4E
+ 0x000000008d800 | 0x0000000000000000 0x00000001017f9003
+ 0x000000008d801 | 0x0000000000000000 0x00000001017f9003
+ 0x000000008d802 | 0x0000000000000000 0x00000001017f9003
+
+ PDPE PDE PTE
+ 0x00000001017fa003 0x00000001017fb003 0x000000008d800003
+ 0x00000001017fa003 0x00000001017fb003 0x000000008d801003
+ 0x00000001017fa003 0x00000001017fb003 0x000000008d802003
+
+ [...]
+
+ 2) Dump the page table of device "0000:00:0a.0" with PASID "1" that
+ supports scalable mode.
+
+ $ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/iommu/intel/0000:00:0a.0/1/domain_translation_struct
+
+ Device 0000:00:0a.0 with pasid 1 @0x10c112000
+ IOVA_PFN PML5E PML4E
+ 0x0000000000000 | 0x0000000000000000 0x000000010df93003
+ 0x0000000000001 | 0x0000000000000000 0x000000010df93003
+ 0x0000000000002 | 0x0000000000000000 0x000000010df93003
+
+ PDPE PDE PTE
+ 0x0000000106ae6003 0x0000000104b38003 0x0000000147c00803
+ 0x0000000106ae6003 0x0000000104b38003 0x0000000147c01803
+ 0x0000000106ae6003 0x0000000104b38003 0x0000000147c02803
+
+ [...]
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-moxtet b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-moxtet
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..637d8587d03d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-moxtet
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/moxtet/input
+Date: March 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (Read) Read input from the shift registers, in hexadecimal.
+ Returns N+1 bytes, where N is the number of Moxtet connected
+ modules. The first byte is from the CPU board itself.
+
+ Example::
+
+ 101214
+
+ == =======================================
+ 10 CPU board with SD card
+ 12 2 = PCIe module, 1 = IRQ not active
+ 14 4 = Peridot module, 1 = IRQ not active
+ == =======================================
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/moxtet/output
+Date: March 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RW) Read last written value to the shift registers, in
+ hexadecimal, or write values to the shift registers, also
+ in hexadecimal.
+
+ Example::
+
+ 0102
+
+ == ================================================
+ 01 01 was last written, or is to be written, to the
+ first module's shift register
+ 02 the same for second module
+ == ================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-msi-wmi-platform b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-msi-wmi-platform
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..71f9992168d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-msi-wmi-platform
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/msi-wmi-platform-<wmi_device_name>/*
+Date: April 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.10
+Contact: Armin Wolf <W_Armin@gmx.de>
+Description:
+ This file allows to execute the associated WMI method with the same name.
+
+ To start the execution, write a buffer containing the method arguments
+ at file offset 0. Partial writes or writes at a different offset are not
+ supported.
+
+ The buffer returned by the WMI method can then be read from the file.
+
+ See Documentation/wmi/devices/msi-wmi-platform.rst for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-olpc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-olpc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bd76cc6d55f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-olpc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/olpc-ec/cmd
+Date: Dec 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.4
+Contact: devel@lists.laptop.org
+Description:
+
+A generic interface for executing OLPC Embedded Controller commands and
+reading their responses.
+
+To execute a command, write data with the format: CC:N A A A A
+CC is the (hex) command, N is the count of expected reply bytes, and A A A A
+are optional (hex) arguments.
+
+To read the response (if any), read from the generic node after executing
+a command. Hex reply bytes will be returned, *whether or not* they came from
+the immediately previous command.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pcie-ptm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pcie-ptm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..602d41363571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pcie-ptm
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/pcie_ptm_*/local_clock
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) PTM local clock in nanoseconds. Applicable for both Root
+ Complex and Endpoint controllers.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/pcie_ptm_*/master_clock
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) PTM master clock in nanoseconds. Applicable only for
+ Endpoint controllers.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/pcie_ptm_*/t1
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) PTM T1 timestamp in nanoseconds. Applicable only for
+ Endpoint controllers.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/pcie_ptm_*/t2
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) PTM T2 timestamp in nanoseconds. Applicable only for
+ Root Complex controllers.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/pcie_ptm_*/t3
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) PTM T3 timestamp in nanoseconds. Applicable only for
+ Root Complex controllers.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/pcie_ptm_*/t4
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) PTM T4 timestamp in nanoseconds. Applicable only for
+ Endpoint controllers.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/pcie_ptm_*/context_update
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ (RW) Control the PTM context update mode. Applicable only for
+ Endpoint controllers.
+
+ Following values are supported:
+
+ * auto = PTM context auto update trigger for every 10ms
+
+ * manual = PTM context manual update. Writing 'manual' to this
+ file triggers PTM context update (default)
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/pcie_ptm_*/context_valid
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ (RW) Control the PTM context validity (local clock timing).
+ Applicable only for Root Complex controllers. PTM context is
+ invalidated by hardware if the Root Complex enters low power
+ mode or changes link frequency.
+
+ Following values are supported:
+
+ * 0 = PTM context invalid (default)
+
+ * 1 = PTM context valid
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pfo-nx-crypto b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pfo-nx-crypto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f75a655c1531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pfo-nx-crypto
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/nx-crypto/*
+Date: March 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.4
+Contact: Kent Yoder <key@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Description:
+
+These debugfs interfaces are built by the nx-crypto driver, built in
+arch/powerpc/crypto/nx.
+
+Error Detection
+===============
+
+errors:
+ A u32 providing a total count of errors since the driver was loaded. The
+ only errors counted here are those returned from the hcall, H_COP_OP.
+
+last_error:
+ The most recent non-zero return code from the H_COP_OP hcall. -EBUSY is not
+ recorded here (the hcall will retry until -EBUSY goes away).
+
+last_error_pid:
+ The process ID of the process who received the most recent error from the
+ hcall.
+
+Device Use
+==========
+
+aes_bytes:
+ The total number of bytes encrypted using AES in any of the driver's
+ supported modes.
+
+aes_ops:
+ The total number of AES operations submitted to the hardware.
+
+sha256_bytes:
+ The total number of bytes hashed by the hardware using SHA-256.
+
+sha256_ops:
+ The total number of SHA-256 operations submitted to the hardware.
+
+sha512_bytes:
+ The total number of bytes hashed by the hardware using SHA-512.
+
+sha512_ops:
+ The total number of SHA-512 operations submitted to the hardware.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pktcdvd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pktcdvd
deleted file mode 100644
index bf9c16b64c34..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pktcdvd
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-What: /debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]
-Date: Oct. 2006
-KernelVersion: 2.6.20
-Contact: Thomas Maier <balagi@justmail.de>
-Description:
-
-debugfs interface
------------------
-
-The pktcdvd module (packet writing driver) creates
-these files in debugfs:
-
-/debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/
- info (0444) Lots of driver statistics and infos.
-
-Example:
--------
-
-cat /debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd0/info
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-scmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-scmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ee7179ab2edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-scmi
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/instance_name
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: The name of the underlying SCMI instance <n> described by
+ all the debugfs accessors rooted at /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>,
+ expressed as the full name of the top DT SCMI node under which
+ this SCMI instance is rooted.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/atomic_threshold_us
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: An optional time value, expressed in microseconds, representing,
+ on this SCMI instance <n>, the threshold above which any SCMI
+ command, advertised to have an higher-than-threshold execution
+ latency, should not be considered for atomic mode of operation,
+ even if requested.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/transport/type
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: A string representing the type of transport configured for this
+ SCMI instance <n>.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/transport/is_atomic
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: A boolean stating if the transport configured on the underlying
+ SCMI instance <n> is capable of atomic mode of operation.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/transport/max_rx_timeout_ms
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: Timeout in milliseconds allowed for SCMI synchronous replies
+ for the currently configured SCMI transport for instance <n>.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/transport/max_msg_size
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: Max message size of allowed SCMI messages for the currently
+ configured SCMI transport for instance <n>.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/transport/tx_max_msg
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: Max number of concurrently allowed in-flight SCMI messages for
+ the currently configured SCMI transport for instance <n> on the
+ TX channels.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/transport/rx_max_msg
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: Max number of concurrently allowed in-flight SCMI messages for
+ the currently configured SCMI transport for instance <n> on the
+ RX channels.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-scmi-raw b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-scmi-raw
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5847b96b3896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-scmi-raw
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/message
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw synchronous message injection/snooping facility; write
+ a complete SCMI synchronous command message (header included)
+ in little-endian binary format to have it sent to the configured
+ backend SCMI server for instance <n>.
+ Any subsequently received response can be read from this same
+ entry if it arrived within the configured timeout.
+ Each write to the entry causes one command request to be built
+ and sent while the replies are read back one message at time
+ (receiving an EOF at each message boundary).
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/message_async
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw asynchronous message injection/snooping facility; write
+ a complete SCMI asynchronous command message (header included)
+ in little-endian binary format to have it sent to the configured
+ backend SCMI server for instance <n>.
+ Any subsequently received response can be read from this same
+ entry if it arrived within the configured timeout.
+ Any additional delayed response received afterwards can be read
+ from this same entry too if it arrived within the configured
+ timeout.
+ Each write to the entry causes one command request to be built
+ and sent while the replies are read back one message at time
+ (receiving an EOF at each message boundary).
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/message_poll
+Date: June 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw message injection/snooping facility using polling mode;
+ write a complete SCMI command message (header included) in
+ little-endian binary format to have it sent to the configured
+ backend SCMI server for instance <n>, using polling mode on
+ the reception path. (if transport is polling capable)
+ Any subsequently received response can be read from this same
+ entry if it arrived within the configured timeout.
+ Each write to the entry causes one command request to be built
+ and sent while the replies are read back one message at time
+ (receiving an EOF at each message boundary).
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/message_poll_async
+Date: June 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw asynchronous message injection/snooping facility using
+ polling-mode; write a complete SCMI asynchronous command message
+ (header included) in little-endian binary format to have it sent
+ to the configured backend SCMI server for instance <n>, using
+ polling-mode on the reception path of the immediate part of the
+ asynchronous command. (if transport is polling capable)
+ Any subsequently received response can be read from this same
+ entry if it arrived within the configured timeout.
+ Any additional delayed response received afterwards can be read
+ from this same entry too if it arrived within the configured
+ timeout.
+ Each write to the entry causes one command request to be built
+ and sent while the replies are read back one message at time
+ (receiving an EOF at each message boundary).
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/errors
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw message errors facility; any kind of timed-out or
+ generally unexpectedly received SCMI message, for instance <n>,
+ can be read from this entry.
+ Each read gives back one message at time (receiving an EOF at
+ each message boundary).
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/notification
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw notification snooping facility; any notification
+ emitted by the backend SCMI server, for instance <n>, can be
+ read from this entry.
+ Each read gives back one message at time (receiving an EOF at
+ each message boundary).
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/reset
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw stack reset facility; writing a value to this entry
+ causes the internal queues of any kind of received message,
+ still pending to be read out for instance <n>, to be immediately
+ flushed.
+ Can be used to reset and clean the SCMI Raw stack between to
+ different test-run.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/channels/<m>/message
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw synchronous message injection/snooping facility; write
+ a complete SCMI synchronous command message (header included)
+ in little-endian binary format to have it sent to the configured
+ backend SCMI server for instance <n> through the <m> transport
+ channel.
+ Any subsequently received response can be read from this same
+ entry if it arrived on channel <m> within the configured
+ timeout.
+ Each write to the entry causes one command request to be built
+ and sent while the replies are read back one message at time
+ (receiving an EOF at each message boundary).
+ Channel identifier <m> matches the SCMI protocol number which
+ has been associated with this transport channel in the DT
+ description, with base protocol number 0x10 being the default
+ channel for this instance.
+ Note that these per-channel entries rooted at <..>/channels
+ exist only if the transport is configured to have more than
+ one default channel.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/channels/<m>/message_async
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw asynchronous message injection/snooping facility; write
+ a complete SCMI asynchronous command message (header included)
+ in little-endian binary format to have it sent to the configured
+ backend SCMI server for instance <n> through the <m> transport
+ channel.
+ Any subsequently received response can be read from this same
+ entry if it arrived on channel <m> within the configured
+ timeout.
+ Any additional delayed response received afterwards can be read
+ from this same entry too if it arrived within the configured
+ timeout.
+ Each write to the entry causes one command request to be built
+ and sent while the replies are read back one message at time
+ (receiving an EOF at each message boundary).
+ Channel identifier <m> matches the SCMI protocol number which
+ has been associated with this transport channel in the DT
+ description, with base protocol number 0x10 being the default
+ channel for this instance.
+ Note that these per-channel entries rooted at <..>/channels
+ exist only if the transport is configured to have more than
+ one default channel.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/channels/<m>/message_poll
+Date: June 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw message injection/snooping facility using polling mode;
+ write a complete SCMI command message (header included) in
+ little-endian binary format to have it sent to the configured
+ backend SCMI server for instance <n> through the <m> transport
+ channel, using polling mode on the reception path.
+ (if transport is polling capable)
+ Any subsequently received response can be read from this same
+ entry if it arrived on channel <m> within the configured
+ timeout.
+ Each write to the entry causes one command request to be built
+ and sent while the replies are read back one message at time
+ (receiving an EOF at each message boundary).
+ Channel identifier <m> matches the SCMI protocol number which
+ has been associated with this transport channel in the DT
+ description, with base protocol number 0x10 being the default
+ channel for this instance.
+ Note that these per-channel entries rooted at <..>/channels
+ exist only if the transport is configured to have more than
+ one default channel.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/scmi/<n>/raw/channels/<m>/message_poll_async
+Date: June 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: cristian.marussi@arm.com
+Description: SCMI Raw asynchronous message injection/snooping facility using
+ polling-mode; write a complete SCMI asynchronous command message
+ (header included) in little-endian binary format to have it sent
+ to the configured backend SCMI server for instance <n> through
+ the <m> transport channel, using polling mode on the reception
+ path of the immediate part of the asynchronous command.
+ (if transport is polling capable)
+ Any subsequently received response can be read from this same
+ entry if it arrived on channel <m> within the configured
+ timeout.
+ Any additional delayed response received afterwards can be read
+ from this same entry too if it arrived within the configured
+ timeout.
+ Each write to the entry causes one command request to be built
+ and sent while the replies are read back one message at time
+ (receiving an EOF at each message boundary).
+ Channel identifier <m> matches the SCMI protocol number which
+ has been associated with this transport channel in the DT
+ description, with base protocol number 0x10 being the default
+ channel for this instance.
+ Note that these per-channel entries rooted at <..>/channels
+ exist only if the transport is configured to have more than
+ one default channel.
+Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-tpmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-tpmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c493a1403d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-tpmi
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/tpmi-<n>/pfs_dump
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com
+Description:
+The PFS (PM Feature Structure) table, shows details of each power
+management feature. This includes:
+tpmi_id, number of entries, entry size, offset, vsec offset, lock status
+and disabled status.
+Users: Debugging, any user space test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/tpmi-<n>/tpmi-id-<n>/mem_dump
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com
+Description:
+Shows the memory dump of the MMIO region for a TPMI ID.
+Users: Debugging, any user space test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/tpmi-<n>/tpmi-id-<n>/mem_write
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com
+Description:
+Allows to write at any offset. It doesn't check for Read/Write access
+as hardware will not allow to write at read-only memory. This write is
+at offset multiples of 4. The format is instance,offset,contents.
+Example:
+echo 0,0x20,0xff > mem_write
+echo 1,64,64 > mem_write
+Users: Debugging, any user space test suite
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/tpmi-<n>/plr/domain<n>/status
+Date: Aug 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Tero Kristo <tero.kristo@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+Shows the currently active Performance Limit Reasons for die level and the
+individual CPUs under the die. The contents of this file are sticky, and
+clearing all the statuses can be done by writing "0\n" to this file.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-vfio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-vfio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..70ec2d454686
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-vfio
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/vfio
+Date: December 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com>
+Description: This debugfs file directory is used for debugging
+ of vfio devices, it's a common directory for all vfio devices.
+ Vfio core will create a device subdirectory under this
+ directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/vfio/<device>/migration
+Date: December 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com>
+Description: This debugfs file directory is used for debugging
+ of vfio devices that support live migration.
+ The debugfs of each vfio device that supports live migration
+ could be created under this directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/vfio/<device>/migration/state
+Date: December 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: Longfang Liu <liulongfang@huawei.com>
+Description: Read the live migration status of the vfio device.
+ The contents of the state file reflects the migration state
+ relative to those defined in the vfio_device_mig_state enum
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/vfio/<device>/migration/features
+Date: Oct 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.18
+Contact: Cédric Le Goater <clg@redhat.com>
+Description: Read the migration features of the vfio device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-wilco-ec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-wilco-ec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..682e3c09ef4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-wilco-ec
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/wilco_ec/h1_gpio
+Date: April 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Description:
+ As part of Chrome OS's FAFT (Fully Automated Firmware Testing)
+ tests, we need to ensure that the H1 chip is properly setting
+ some GPIO lines. The h1_gpio attribute exposes the state
+ of the lines:
+ - ENTRY_TO_FACT_MODE in BIT(0)
+ - SPI_CHROME_SEL in BIT(1)
+
+ Output will formatted with "0x%02x\n".
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/wilco_ec/raw
+Date: January 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Description:
+ Write and read raw mailbox commands to the EC.
+
+ You can write a hexadecimal sentence to raw, and that series of
+ bytes will be sent to the EC. Then, you can read the bytes of
+ response by reading from raw.
+
+ For writing, bytes 0-1 indicate the message type, one of enum
+ wilco_ec_msg_type. Byte 2+ consist of the data passed in the
+ request, starting at MBOX[0]. At least three bytes are required
+ for writing, two for the type and at least a single byte of
+ data.
+
+ Example::
+
+ // Request EC info type 3 (EC firmware build date)
+ // Corresponds with sending type 0x00f0 with
+ // MBOX = [38, 00, 03, 00]
+ $ echo 00 f0 38 00 03 00 > /sys/kernel/debug/wilco_ec/raw
+ // View the result. The decoded ASCII result "12/21/18" is
+ // included after the raw hex.
+ // Corresponds with MBOX = [00, 00, 31, 32, 2f, 32, 31, 38, ...]
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/wilco_ec/raw
+ 00 00 31 32 2f 32 31 2f 31 38 00 38 00 01 00 2f 00 ..12/21/18.8...
+
+ Note that the first 16 bytes of the received MBOX[] will be
+ printed, even if some of the data is junk, and skipping bytes
+ 17 to 32. It is up to you to know how many of the first bytes of
+ data are the actual response.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/dell-smbios-wmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/dell-smbios-wmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f58229084469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/dell-smbios-wmi
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+What: /dev/wmi/dell-smbios
+Date: November 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Dell.Client.Kernel@dell.com
+Description:
+ Perform SMBIOS calls on supported Dell machines.
+ through the Dell ACPI-WMI interface.
+
+ IOCTL's and buffer formats are defined in:
+ <uapi/linux/wmi.h>
+
+ 1) To perform an SMBIOS call from userspace, you'll need to
+ first determine the minimum size of the calling interface
+ buffer for your machine.
+ Platforms that contain larger buffers can return larger
+ objects from the system firmware.
+ Commonly this size is either 4k or 32k.
+
+ To determine the size of the buffer read() a u64 dword from
+ the WMI character device /dev/wmi/dell-smbios.
+
+ 2) After you've determined the minimum size of the calling
+ interface buffer, you can allocate a structure that represents
+ the structure documented above.
+
+ 3) In the 'length' object store the size of the buffer you
+ determined above and allocated.
+
+ 4) In this buffer object, prepare as necessary for the SMBIOS
+ call you're interested in. Typically SMBIOS buffers have
+ "class", "select", and "input" defined to values that coincide
+ with the data you are interested in.
+ Documenting class/select/input values is outside of the scope
+ of this documentation. Check with the libsmbios project for
+ further documentation on these values.
+
+ 6) Run the call by using ioctl() as described in the header.
+
+ 7) The output will be returned in the buffer object.
+
+ 8) Be sure to free up your allocated object.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/dev-kmsg b/Documentation/ABI/testing/dev-kmsg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a377b6c093c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/dev-kmsg
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+What: /dev/kmsg
+Date: Mai 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
+Description: The /dev/kmsg character device node provides userspace access
+ to the kernel's printk buffer.
+
+ Injecting messages:
+
+ Every write() to the opened device node places a log entry in
+ the kernel's printk buffer.
+
+ The logged line can be prefixed with a <N> syslog prefix, which
+ carries the syslog priority and facility. The single decimal
+ prefix number is composed of the 3 lowest bits being the syslog
+ priority and the next 8 bits the syslog facility number.
+
+ If no prefix is given, the priority number is the default kernel
+ log priority and the facility number is set to LOG_USER (1). It
+ is not possible to inject messages from userspace with the
+ facility number LOG_KERN (0), to make sure that the origin of
+ the messages can always be reliably determined.
+
+ Accessing the buffer:
+
+ Every read() from the opened device node receives one record
+ of the kernel's printk buffer.
+
+ The first read() directly following an open() always returns
+ first message in the buffer; there is no kernel-internal
+ persistent state; many readers can concurrently open the device
+ and read from it, without affecting other readers.
+
+ Every read() will receive the next available record. If no more
+ records are available read() will block, or if O_NONBLOCK is
+ used -EAGAIN returned.
+
+ Messages in the record ring buffer get overwritten as whole,
+ there are never partial messages received by read().
+
+ In case messages get overwritten in the circular buffer while
+ the device is kept open, the next read() will return -EPIPE,
+ and the seek position be updated to the next available record.
+ Subsequent reads() will return available records again.
+
+ Unlike the classic syslog() interface, the 64 bit record
+ sequence numbers allow to calculate the amount of lost
+ messages, in case the buffer gets overwritten. And they allow
+ to reconnect to the buffer and reconstruct the read position
+ if needed, without limiting the interface to a single reader.
+
+ The device supports seek with the following parameters:
+
+ SEEK_SET, 0
+ seek to the first entry in the buffer
+ SEEK_END, 0
+ seek after the last entry in the buffer
+ SEEK_DATA, 0
+ seek after the last record available at the time
+ the last SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR was issued.
+
+ Other seek operations or offsets are not supported because of
+ the special behavior this device has. The device allows to read
+ or write only whole variable length messages (records) that are
+ stored in a ring buffer.
+
+ Because of the non-standard behavior also the error values are
+ non-standard. -ESPIPE is returned for non-zero offset. -EINVAL
+ is returned for other operations, e.g. SEEK_CUR. This behavior
+ and values are historical and could not be modified without the
+ risk of breaking userspace.
+
+ The output format consists of a prefix carrying the syslog
+ prefix including priority and facility, the 64 bit message
+ sequence number and the monotonic timestamp in microseconds,
+ and a flag field. All fields are separated by a ','.
+
+ Future extensions might add more comma separated values before
+ the terminating ';'. Unknown fields and values should be
+ gracefully ignored.
+
+ The human readable text string starts directly after the ';'
+ and is terminated by a '\n'. Untrusted values derived from
+ hardware or other facilities are printed, therefore
+ all non-printable characters and '\' itself in the log message
+ are escaped by "\x00" C-style hex encoding.
+
+ A line starting with ' ', is a continuation line, adding
+ key/value pairs to the log message, which provide the machine
+ readable context of the message, for reliable processing in
+ userspace.
+
+ Example::
+
+ 7,160,424069,-;pci_root PNP0A03:00: host bridge window [io 0x0000-0x0cf7] (ignored)
+ SUBSYSTEM=acpi
+ DEVICE=+acpi:PNP0A03:00
+ 6,339,5140900,-;NET: Registered protocol family 10
+ 30,340,5690716,-;udevd[80]: starting version 181
+
+ The DEVICE= key uniquely identifies devices the following way:
+
+ ============ =================
+ b12:8 block dev_t
+ c127:3 char dev_t
+ n8 netdev ifindex
+ +sound:card0 subsystem:devname
+ ============ =================
+
+ The flags field carries '-' by default. A 'c' indicates a
+ fragment of a line. Note, that these hints about continuation
+ lines are not necessarily correct, and the stream could be
+ interleaved with unrelated messages, but merging the lines in
+ the output usually produces better human readable results. A
+ similar logic is used internally when messages are printed to
+ the console, /proc/kmsg or the syslog() syscall.
+
+ By default, kernel tries to avoid fragments by concatenating
+ when it can and fragments are rare; however, when extended
+ console support is enabled, the in-kernel concatenation is
+ disabled and /dev/kmsg output will contain more fragments. If
+ the log consumer performs concatenation, the end result
+ should be the same. In the future, the in-kernel concatenation
+ may be removed entirely and /dev/kmsg users are recommended to
+ implement fragment handling.
+
+Users: dmesg(1), userspace kernel log consumers
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/devlink-resource-mlxsw b/Documentation/ABI/testing/devlink-resource-mlxsw
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..259ed2948ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/devlink-resource-mlxsw
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+What: /kvd/
+Date: 08-Jan-2018
+KernelVersion: v4.16
+Contact: mlxsw@mellanox.com
+Description: The main database in the Spectrum device is a centralized
+ KVD database used for many of the tables used to configure
+ the chip including L2 FDB, L3 LPM, ECMP and more. The KVD
+ is divided into two sections, the first is hash-based table
+ and the second is a linear access table. The division
+ between the linear and hash-based sections is static and
+ require reload before the changes take effect.
+
+What: /kvd/linear
+Date: 08-Jan-2018
+KernelVersion: v4.16
+Contact: mlxsw@mellanox.com
+Description: The linear section of the KVD is managed by software as a
+ flat memory accessed using an index.
+
+What: /kvd/hash_single
+Date: 08-Jan-2018
+KernelVersion: v4.16
+Contact: mlxsw@mellanox.com
+Description: The hash based section of the KVD is managed by the switch
+ device. Used in case the key size is smaller or equal to
+ 64bit.
+
+What: /kvd/hash_double
+Date: 08-Jan-2018
+KernelVersion: v4.16
+Contact: mlxsw@mellanox.com
+Description: The hash based section of the KVD is managed by the switch
+ device. Used in case the key is larger than 64 bit.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/evm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/evm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..44750a933db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/evm
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/security/evm
+What: /sys/kernel/security/*/evm
+Date: March 2011
+Contact: Mimi Zohar <zohar@us.ibm.com>
+Description:
+ EVM protects a file's security extended attributes(xattrs)
+ against integrity attacks. The initial method maintains an
+ HMAC-sha1 value across the extended attributes, storing the
+ value as the extended attribute 'security.evm'.
+
+ EVM supports two classes of security.evm. The first is
+ an HMAC-sha1 generated locally with a
+ trusted/encrypted key stored in the Kernel Key
+ Retention System. The second is a digital signature
+ generated either locally or remotely using an
+ asymmetric key. These keys are loaded onto root's
+ keyring using keyctl, and EVM is then enabled by
+ echoing a value to <securityfs>/evm made up of the
+ following bits:
+
+ === ==================================================
+ Bit Effect
+ === ==================================================
+ 0 Enable HMAC validation and creation
+ 1 Enable digital signature validation
+ 2 Permit modification of EVM-protected metadata at
+ runtime. Not supported if HMAC validation and
+ creation is enabled (deprecated).
+ 31 Disable further runtime modification of EVM policy
+ === ==================================================
+
+ For example::
+
+ echo 1 ><securityfs>/evm
+
+ will enable HMAC validation and creation
+
+ ::
+
+ echo 0x80000003 ><securityfs>/evm
+
+ will enable HMAC and digital signature validation and
+ HMAC creation and disable all further modification of policy.
+
+ ::
+
+ echo 0x80000006 ><securityfs>/evm
+
+ will enable digital signature validation, permit
+ modification of EVM-protected metadata and
+ disable all further modification of policy. This option is now
+ deprecated in favor of::
+
+ echo 0x80000002 ><securityfs>/evm
+
+ as the outstanding issues that prevent the usage of EVM portable
+ signatures have been solved.
+
+ Echoing a value is additive, the new value is added to the
+ existing initialization flags.
+
+ For example, after::
+
+ echo 2 ><securityfs>/evm
+
+ another echo can be performed::
+
+ echo 1 ><securityfs>/evm
+
+ and the resulting value will be 3.
+
+ Note that once an HMAC key has been loaded, it will no longer
+ be possible to enable metadata modification. Signaling that an
+ HMAC key has been loaded will clear the corresponding flag.
+ For example, if the current value is 6 (2 and 4 set)::
+
+ echo 1 ><securityfs>/evm
+
+ will set the new value to 3 (4 cleared).
+
+ Loading an HMAC key is the only way to disable metadata
+ modification.
+
+ Until key loading has been signaled EVM can not create
+ or validate the 'security.evm' xattr, but returns
+ INTEGRITY_UNKNOWN. Loading keys and signaling EVM
+ should be done as early as possible. Normally this is
+ done in the initramfs, which has already been measured
+ as part of the trusted boot. For more information on
+ creating and loading existing trusted/encrypted keys,
+ refer to:
+ Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst. Both
+ dracut (via 97masterkey and 98integrity) and systemd (via
+ core/ima-setup) have support for loading keys at boot
+ time.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/security/*/evm/evm_xattrs
+Date: April 2018
+Contact: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the set of extended attributes used to calculate or
+ validate the EVM signature, and allows additional attributes
+ to be added at runtime. Any signatures generated after
+ additional attributes are added (and on files possessing those
+ additional attributes) will only be valid if the same
+ additional attributes are configured on system boot. Writing
+ a single period (.) will lock the xattr list from any further
+ modification.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/gpio-cdev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/gpio-cdev
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c9689b2a6fed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/gpio-cdev
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+What: /dev/gpiochip[0-9]+
+Date: November 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: linux-gpio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The character device files /dev/gpiochip* are the interface
+ between GPIO chips and userspace.
+
+ The ioctl(2)-based ABI is defined in
+ [include/uapi]<linux/gpio.h> and documented in
+ Documentation/userspace-api/gpio/chardev.rst.
+
+ The following file operations are supported:
+
+ open(2)
+ Currently the only useful flags are O_RDWR.
+
+ ioctl(2)
+ Initiate various actions.
+
+ See Documentation/userspace-api/gpio/chardev.rst
+ for a description of all ioctls.
+
+ close(2)
+ Stops and free up the I/O contexts that was associated
+ with the file descriptor.
+
+Users: TBD
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/ima_policy b/Documentation/ABI/testing/ima_policy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c2385183826c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/ima_policy
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/security/*/ima/policy
+Date: May 2008
+Contact: Mimi Zohar <zohar@us.ibm.com>
+Description:
+ The Trusted Computing Group(TCG) runtime Integrity
+ Measurement Architecture(IMA) maintains a list of hash
+ values of executables and other sensitive system files
+ loaded into the run-time of this system. At runtime,
+ the policy can be constrained based on LSM specific data.
+ Policies are loaded into the securityfs file ima/policy
+ by opening the file, writing the rules one at a time and
+ then closing the file. The new policy takes effect after
+ the file ima/policy is closed.
+
+ IMA appraisal, if configured, uses these file measurements
+ for local measurement appraisal.
+
+ ::
+
+ rule format: action [condition ...]
+
+ action: measure | dont_measure | appraise | dont_appraise |
+ audit | hash | dont_hash
+ condition:= base | lsm [option]
+ base: [[func=] [mask=] [fsmagic=] [fsuuid=] [fsname=]
+ [uid=] [euid=] [gid=] [egid=]
+ [fowner=] [fgroup=]]
+ lsm: [[subj_user=] [subj_role=] [subj_type=]
+ [obj_user=] [obj_role=] [obj_type=]]
+ option: [digest_type=] [template=] [permit_directio]
+ [appraise_type=] [appraise_flag=]
+ [appraise_algos=] [keyrings=]
+ base:
+ func:= [BPRM_CHECK][MMAP_CHECK][CREDS_CHECK][FILE_CHECK][MODULE_CHECK]
+ [FIRMWARE_CHECK]
+ [KEXEC_KERNEL_CHECK] [KEXEC_INITRAMFS_CHECK]
+ [KEXEC_CMDLINE] [KEY_CHECK] [CRITICAL_DATA]
+ [SETXATTR_CHECK][MMAP_CHECK_REQPROT]
+ mask:= [[^]MAY_READ] [[^]MAY_WRITE] [[^]MAY_APPEND]
+ [[^]MAY_EXEC]
+ fsmagic:= hex value
+ fsuuid:= file system UUID (e.g 8bcbe394-4f13-4144-be8e-5aa9ea2ce2f6)
+ uid:= decimal value
+ euid:= decimal value
+ gid:= decimal value
+ egid:= decimal value
+ fowner:= decimal value
+ fgroup:= decimal value
+ lsm: are LSM specific
+ option:
+ appraise_type:= [imasig] | [imasig|modsig] | [sigv3]
+ where 'imasig' is the original or the signature
+ format v2.
+ where 'modsig' is an appended signature,
+ where 'sigv3' is the signature format v3. (Currently
+ limited to fsverity digest based signatures
+ stored in security.ima xattr. Requires
+ specifying "digest_type=verity" first.)
+
+ appraise_flag:= [check_blacklist] (deprecated)
+ Setting the check_blacklist flag is no longer necessary.
+ All appraisal functions set it by default.
+ digest_type:= verity
+ Require fs-verity's file digest instead of the
+ regular IMA file hash.
+ keyrings:= list of keyrings
+ (eg, .builtin_trusted_keys|.ima). Only valid
+ when action is "measure" and func is KEY_CHECK.
+ template:= name of a defined IMA template type
+ (eg, ima-ng). Only valid when action is "measure".
+ pcr:= decimal value
+ label:= [selinux]|[kernel_info]|[data_label]
+ data_label:= a unique string used for grouping and limiting critical data.
+ For example, "selinux" to measure critical data for SELinux.
+ appraise_algos:= comma-separated list of hash algorithms
+ For example, "sha256,sha512" to only accept to appraise
+ files where the security.ima xattr was hashed with one
+ of these two algorithms.
+
+ default policy:
+ # PROC_SUPER_MAGIC
+ dont_measure fsmagic=0x9fa0
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0x9fa0
+ # SYSFS_MAGIC
+ dont_measure fsmagic=0x62656572
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0x62656572
+ # DEBUGFS_MAGIC
+ dont_measure fsmagic=0x64626720
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0x64626720
+ # TMPFS_MAGIC
+ dont_measure fsmagic=0x01021994
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0x01021994
+ # RAMFS_MAGIC
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0x858458f6
+ # DEVPTS_SUPER_MAGIC
+ dont_measure fsmagic=0x1cd1
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0x1cd1
+ # BINFMTFS_MAGIC
+ dont_measure fsmagic=0x42494e4d
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0x42494e4d
+ # SECURITYFS_MAGIC
+ dont_measure fsmagic=0x73636673
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0x73636673
+ # SELINUX_MAGIC
+ dont_measure fsmagic=0xf97cff8c
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0xf97cff8c
+ # CGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC
+ dont_measure fsmagic=0x27e0eb
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0x27e0eb
+ # NSFS_MAGIC
+ dont_measure fsmagic=0x6e736673
+ dont_appraise fsmagic=0x6e736673
+
+ measure func=BPRM_CHECK
+ measure func=FILE_MMAP mask=MAY_EXEC
+ measure func=FILE_CHECK mask=MAY_READ uid=0
+ measure func=MODULE_CHECK
+ measure func=FIRMWARE_CHECK
+ appraise fowner=0
+
+ The default policy measures all executables in bprm_check,
+ all files mmapped executable in file_mmap, and all files
+ open for read by root in do_filp_open. The default appraisal
+ policy appraises all files owned by root.
+
+ Examples of LSM specific definitions:
+
+ SELinux::
+
+ dont_measure obj_type=var_log_t
+ dont_appraise obj_type=var_log_t
+ dont_measure obj_type=auditd_log_t
+ dont_appraise obj_type=auditd_log_t
+ measure subj_user=system_u func=FILE_CHECK mask=MAY_READ
+ measure subj_role=system_r func=FILE_CHECK mask=MAY_READ
+
+ Smack::
+
+ measure subj_user=_ func=FILE_CHECK mask=MAY_READ
+
+ Example of measure rules using alternate PCRs::
+
+ measure func=KEXEC_KERNEL_CHECK pcr=4
+ measure func=KEXEC_INITRAMFS_CHECK pcr=5
+
+ Example of appraise rule allowing modsig appended signatures:
+
+ appraise func=KEXEC_KERNEL_CHECK appraise_type=imasig|modsig
+
+ Example of measure rule using KEY_CHECK to measure all keys:
+
+ measure func=KEY_CHECK
+
+ Example of measure rule using KEY_CHECK to only measure
+ keys added to .builtin_trusted_keys or .ima keyring:
+
+ measure func=KEY_CHECK keyrings=.builtin_trusted_keys|.ima
+
+ Example of the special SETXATTR_CHECK appraise rule, that
+ restricts the hash algorithms allowed when writing to the
+ security.ima xattr of a file:
+
+ appraise func=SETXATTR_CHECK appraise_algos=sha256,sha384,sha512
+
+ Example of a 'measure' rule requiring fs-verity's digests
+ with indication of type of digest in the measurement list.
+
+ measure func=FILE_CHECK digest_type=verity \
+ template=ima-ngv2
+
+ Example of 'measure' and 'appraise' rules requiring fs-verity
+ signatures (format version 3) stored in security.ima xattr.
+
+ The 'measure' rule specifies the 'ima-sigv3' template option,
+ which includes the indication of type of digest and the file
+ signature in the measurement list.
+
+ measure func=BPRM_CHECK digest_type=verity \
+ template=ima-sigv3
+
+
+ The 'appraise' rule specifies the type and signature format
+ version (sigv3) required.
+
+ appraise func=BPRM_CHECK digest_type=verity \
+ appraise_type=sigv3
+
+ All of these policy rules could, for example, be constrained
+ either based on a filesystem's UUID (fsuuid) or based on LSM
+ labels.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/ppc-memtrace b/Documentation/ABI/testing/ppc-memtrace
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9606aed33137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/ppc-memtrace
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/memtrace
+Date: Aug 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: This folder contains the relevant debugfs files for the
+ hardware trace macro to use. CONFIG_PPC64_HARDWARE_TRACING
+ must be set.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/memtrace/enable
+Date: Aug 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: Write an integer containing the size in bytes of the memory
+ you want removed from each NUMA node to this file - it must be
+ aligned to the memblock size. This amount of RAM will be removed
+ from each NUMA node in the kernel mappings and the following
+ debugfs files will be created. Once memory is successfully
+ removed from each node, the following files are created. To
+ re-add memory to the kernel, echo 0 into this file (it will be
+ automatically onlined).
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/memtrace/<node-id>
+Date: Aug 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: This directory contains information about the removed memory
+ from the specific NUMA node.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/memtrace/<node-id>/size
+Date: Aug 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: This contains the size of the memory removed from the node.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/memtrace/<node-id>/start
+Date: Aug 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: This contains the start address of the removed memory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/memtrace/<node-id>/trace
+Date: Aug 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: This is where the hardware trace macro will output the trace
+ it generates.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-attr-current b/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-attr-current
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..198b9fe1c8e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-attr-current
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /proc/*/attr/current
+Contact: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org,
+ selinux@vger.kernel.org,
+ apparmor@lists.ubuntu.com
+Description: The current security information used by a Linux
+ security module (LSM) that is active on the system.
+ The details of permissions required to read from
+ this interface and hence obtain the security state
+ of the task identified is LSM dependent.
+ A process cannot write to this interface unless it
+ refers to itself.
+ The other details of permissions required to write to
+ this interface and hence change the security state of
+ the task identified are LSM dependent.
+ The format of the data used by this interface is LSM
+ dependent.
+ SELinux, Smack and AppArmor provide this interface.
+Users: SELinux user-space
+ Smack user-space
+ AppArmor user-space
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-attr-exec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-attr-exec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..34593866a7ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-attr-exec
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /proc/*/attr/exec
+Contact: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org,
+ selinux@vger.kernel.org,
+ apparmor@lists.ubuntu.com
+Description: The security information to be used on the process
+ by a Linux security module (LSM) active on the system
+ after a subsequent exec() call.
+ The details of permissions required to read from
+ this interface and hence obtain the security state
+ of the task identified is LSM dependent.
+ A process cannot write to this interface unless it
+ refers to itself.
+ The other details of permissions required to write to
+ this interface and hence change the security state of
+ the task identified are LSM dependent.
+ The format of the data used by this interface is LSM
+ dependent.
+ SELinux and AppArmor provide this interface.
+Users: SELinux user-space
+ AppArmor user-space
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-attr-prev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-attr-prev
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f990b3595839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-attr-prev
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /proc/*/attr/prev
+Contact: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org,
+ selinux@vger.kernel.org,
+ apparmor@lists.ubuntu.com
+Description: The security information used on the process by
+ a Linux security module (LSM) active on the system
+ prior to the most recent exec() call.
+ The details of permissions required to read from
+ this interface is LSM dependent.
+ A process cannot write to this interface unless it
+ refers to itself.
+ The other details of permissions required to write to
+ this interface are LSM dependent.
+ The format of the data used by this interface is LSM
+ dependent.
+ SELinux and AppArmor provide this interface.
+Users: SELinux user-space
+ AppArmor user-space
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-diskstats b/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-diskstats
index 99233902e09e..6a719cf2075c 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-diskstats
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-diskstats
@@ -5,18 +5,39 @@ Description:
The /proc/diskstats file displays the I/O statistics
of block devices. Each line contains the following 14
fields:
- 1 - major number
- 2 - minor mumber
- 3 - device name
- 4 - reads completed succesfully
- 5 - reads merged
- 6 - sectors read
- 7 - time spent reading (ms)
- 8 - writes completed
- 9 - writes merged
- 10 - sectors written
- 11 - time spent writing (ms)
- 12 - I/Os currently in progress
- 13 - time spent doing I/Os (ms)
- 14 - weighted time spent doing I/Os (ms)
- For more details refer to Documentation/iostats.txt
+
+ == ===================================
+ 1 major number
+ 2 minor number
+ 3 device name
+ 4 reads completed successfully
+ 5 reads merged
+ 6 sectors read
+ 7 time spent reading (ms)
+ 8 writes completed
+ 9 writes merged
+ 10 sectors written
+ 11 time spent writing (ms)
+ 12 I/Os currently in progress
+ 13 time spent doing I/Os (ms)
+ 14 weighted time spent doing I/Os (ms)
+ == ===================================
+
+ Kernel 4.18+ appends four more fields for discard
+ tracking putting the total at 18:
+
+ == ===================================
+ 15 discards completed successfully
+ 16 discards merged
+ 17 sectors discarded
+ 18 time spent discarding
+ == ===================================
+
+ Kernel 5.5+ appends two more fields for flush requests:
+
+ == =====================================
+ 19 flush requests completed successfully
+ 20 time spent flushing
+ == =====================================
+
+ For more details refer to Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-smaps_rollup b/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-smaps_rollup
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b446a7154a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/procfs-smaps_rollup
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+What: /proc/pid/smaps_rollup
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
+Description:
+ This file provides pre-summed memory information for a
+ process. The format is almost identical to /proc/pid/smaps,
+ except instead of an entry for each VMA in a process,
+ smaps_rollup has a single entry (tagged "[rollup]")
+ for which each field is the sum of the corresponding
+ fields from all the maps in /proc/pid/smaps.
+ Additionally, the fields Pss_Anon, Pss_File and Pss_Shmem
+ are not present in /proc/pid/smaps. These fields represent
+ the sum of the Pss field of each type (anon, file, shmem).
+ For more details, see Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst
+ and the procfs man page.
+
+ Typical output looks like this::
+
+ 00100000-ff709000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 [rollup]
+ Size: 1192 kB
+ KernelPageSize: 4 kB
+ MMUPageSize: 4 kB
+ Rss: 884 kB
+ Pss: 385 kB
+ Pss_Dirty: 68 kB
+ Pss_Anon: 301 kB
+ Pss_File: 80 kB
+ Pss_Shmem: 4 kB
+ Shared_Clean: 696 kB
+ Shared_Dirty: 0 kB
+ Private_Clean: 120 kB
+ Private_Dirty: 68 kB
+ Referenced: 884 kB
+ Anonymous: 68 kB
+ LazyFree: 0 kB
+ AnonHugePages: 0 kB
+ ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB
+ Shared_Hugetlb: 0 kB
+ Private_Hugetlb: 0 kB
+ Swap: 0 kB
+ SwapPss: 0 kB
+ Locked: 385 kB
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/pstore b/Documentation/ABI/testing/pstore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d3cff4a7ee10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/pstore
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+What: /sys/fs/pstore/...
+What: /dev/pstore/...
+Date: March 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: tony.luck@intel.com
+Description: Generic interface to platform dependent persistent storage.
+
+ Platforms that provide a mechanism to preserve some data
+ across system reboots can register with this driver to
+ provide a generic interface to show records captured in
+ the dying moments. In the case of a panic the last part
+ of the console log is captured, but other interesting
+ data can also be saved::
+
+ # mount -t pstore -o kmsg_bytes=8000 - /sys/fs/pstore
+
+ $ ls -l /sys/fs/pstore/
+ total 0
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 7896 Nov 30 15:38 dmesg-erst-1
+
+ Different users of this interface will result in different
+ filename prefixes. Currently two are defined:
+
+ - "dmesg" - saved console log
+ - "mce" - architecture dependent data from fatal h/w error
+
+ Once the information in a file has been read, removing
+ the file will signal to the underlying persistent storage
+ device that it can reclaim the space for later re-use::
+
+ $ rm /sys/fs/pstore/dmesg-erst-1
+
+ The expectation is that all files in /sys/fs/pstore/
+ will be saved elsewhere and erased from persistent store
+ soon after boot to free up space ready for the next
+ catastrophe.
+
+ The 'kmsg_bytes' mount option changes the target amount of
+ data saved on each oops/panic. Pstore saves (possibly
+ multiple) files based on the record size of the underlying
+ persistent storage until at least this amount is reached.
+ Default is 10 Kbytes.
+
+ Pstore only supports one backend at a time. If multiple
+ backends are available, the preferred backend may be
+ set by passing the pstore.backend= argument to the kernel at
+ boot time.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/rtc-cdev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/rtc-cdev
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..25910c3c3d7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/rtc-cdev
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+What: /dev/rtcX
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The ioctl interface to drivers for real-time clocks (RTCs).
+ Following actions are supported:
+
+ * RTC_RD_TIME, RTC_SET_TIME: Read or set the RTC time. Time
+ format is a Gregorian calendar date and 24 hour wall clock
+ time.
+
+ * RTC_AIE_ON, RTC_AIE_OFF: Enable or disable the alarm interrupt
+ for RTCs that support alarms
+
+ * RTC_ALM_READ, RTC_ALM_SET: Read or set the alarm time for
+ RTCs that support alarms. Can be set upto 24 hours in the
+ future. Requires a separate RTC_AIE_ON call to enable the
+ alarm interrupt. (Prefer to use RTC_WKALM_*)
+
+ * RTC_WKALM_RD, RTC_WKALM_SET: For RTCs that support a more
+ powerful interface, which can issue alarms beyond 24 hours and
+ enable IRQs in the same request.
+
+ * RTC_PIE_ON, RTC_PIE_OFF: Enable or disable the periodic
+ interrupt for RTCs that support periodic interrupts.
+
+ * RTC_UIE_ON, RTC_UIE_OFF: Enable or disable the update
+ interrupt for RTCs that support it.
+
+ * RTC_IRQP_READ, RTC_IRQP_SET: Read or set the frequency for
+ periodic interrupts for RTCs that support periodic interrupts.
+ Requires a separate RTC_PIE_ON call to enable the periodic
+ interrupts.
+
+ * RTC_VL_READ: Read the voltage inputs status of the RTC when
+ supported. The value is a bit field of RTC_VL_*, giving the
+ status of the main and backup voltages.
+
+ * RTC_VL_CLEAR: Clear the voltage status of the RTC. Some RTCs
+ need user interaction when the backup power provider is
+ replaced or charged to be able to clear the status.
+
+ The ioctl() calls supported by the older /dev/rtc interface are
+ also supported by the newer RTC class framework. However,
+ because the chips and systems are not standardized, some PC/AT
+ functionality might not be provided. And in the same way, some
+ newer features -- including those enabled by ACPI -- are exposed
+ by the RTC class framework, but can't be supported by the older
+ driver.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/securityfs-secrets-coco b/Documentation/ABI/testing/securityfs-secrets-coco
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f2b6909155f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/securityfs-secrets-coco
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+What: security/secrets/coco
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: Dov Murik <dovmurik@linux.ibm.com>
+Description:
+ Exposes confidential computing (coco) EFI secrets to
+ userspace via securityfs.
+
+ EFI can declare memory area used by confidential computing
+ platforms (such as AMD SEV and SEV-ES) for secret injection by
+ the Guest Owner during VM's launch. The secrets are encrypted
+ by the Guest Owner and decrypted inside the trusted enclave,
+ and therefore are not readable by the untrusted host.
+
+ The efi_secret module exposes the secrets to userspace. Each
+ secret appears as a file under <securityfs>/secrets/coco,
+ where the filename is the GUID of the entry in the secrets
+ table. This module is loaded automatically by the EFI driver
+ if the EFI secret area is populated.
+
+ Two operations are supported for the files: read and unlink.
+ Reading the file returns the content of secret entry.
+ Unlinking the file overwrites the secret data with zeroes and
+ removes the entry from the filesystem. A secret cannot be read
+ after it has been unlinked.
+
+ For example, listing the available secrets::
+
+ # modprobe efi_secret
+ # ls -l /sys/kernel/security/secrets/coco
+ -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 736870e5-84f0-4973-92ec-06879ce3da0b
+ -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 83c83f7f-1356-4975-8b7e-d3a0b54312c6
+ -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 9553f55d-3da2-43ee-ab5d-ff17f78864d2
+ -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 e6f5a162-d67f-4750-a67c-5d065f2a9910
+
+ Reading the secret data by reading a file::
+
+ # cat /sys/kernel/security/secrets/coco/e6f5a162-d67f-4750-a67c-5d065f2a9910
+ the-content-of-the-secret-data
+
+ Wiping a secret by unlinking a file::
+
+ # rm /sys/kernel/security/secrets/coco/e6f5a162-d67f-4750-a67c-5d065f2a9910
+ # ls -l /sys/kernel/security/secrets/coco
+ -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 736870e5-84f0-4973-92ec-06879ce3da0b
+ -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 83c83f7f-1356-4975-8b7e-d3a0b54312c6
+ -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 9553f55d-3da2-43ee-ab5d-ff17f78864d2
+
+ Note: The binary format of the secrets table injected by the
+ Guest Owner is described in
+ drivers/virt/coco/efi_secret/efi_secret.c under "Structure of
+ the EFI secret area".
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-amd-pmc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-amd-pmc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c421b72844f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-amd-pmc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/amd_pmc/*/smu_fw_version
+Date: October 2022
+Contact: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@amd.com>
+Description: Reading this file reports the version of the firmware loaded to
+ System Management Unit (SMU) contained in AMD CPUs and
+ APUs.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/amd_pmc/*/smu_program
+Date: October 2022
+Contact: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@amd.com>
+Description: Reading this file reports the program corresponding to the SMU
+ firmware version. The program field is used to disambiguate two
+ APU/CPU models that can share the same firmware binary.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-amd-pmf b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-amd-pmf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7fc0e1c2b76b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-amd-pmf
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/*/cnqf_enable
+Date: September 2022
+Contact: Shyam Sundar S K <Shyam-sundar.S-k@amd.com>
+Description: Reading this file tells if the AMD Platform Management(PMF)
+ Cool n Quiet Framework(CnQF) feature is enabled or not.
+
+ This feature is not enabled by default and gets only turned on
+ if OEM BIOS passes a "flag" to PMF ACPI function (index 11 or 12)
+ or in case the user writes "on".
+
+ To turn off CnQF user can write "off" to the sysfs node.
+ Note: Systems that support auto mode will not have this sysfs file
+ available.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ata b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ata
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3daecac48964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ata
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+What: /sys/class/ata_*
+Description:
+ Provide a place in sysfs for storing the ATA topology of the
+ system. This allows retrieving various information about ATA
+ objects.
+
+Files under /sys/class/ata_port
+-------------------------------
+
+For each port, a directory ataX is created where X is the ata_port_id of the
+port. The device parent is the ata host device.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/ata_port/ataX/nr_pmp_links
+What: /sys/class/ata_port/ataX/idle_irq
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: Gwendal Grignou <gwendal@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ nr_pmp_links: (RO) If a SATA Port Multiplier (PM) is
+ connected, the number of links behind it.
+
+ idle_irq: (RO) Number of IRQ received by the port while
+ idle [some ata HBA only].
+
+
+What: /sys/class/ata_port/ataX/port_no
+Date: May, 2013
+KernelVersion: v3.11
+Contact: Gwendal Grignou <gwendal@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) Host local port number. While registering host controller,
+ port numbers are tracked based upon number of ports available on
+ the controller. This attribute is needed by udev for composing
+ persistent links in /dev/disk/by-path.
+
+Files under /sys/class/ata_link
+-------------------------------
+
+Behind each port, there is a ata_link. If there is a SATA PM in the topology, 15
+ata_link objects are created.
+
+If a link is behind a port, the directory name is linkX, where X is ata_port_id
+of the port. If a link is behind a PM, its name is linkX.Y where X is
+ata_port_id of the parent port and Y the PM port.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/ata_link/linkX[.Y]/hw_sata_spd_limit
+What: /sys/class/ata_link/linkX[.Y]/sata_spd_limit
+What: /sys/class/ata_link/linkX[.Y]/sata_spd
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: Gwendal Grignou <gwendal@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ hw_sata_spd_limit: (RO) Maximum speed supported by the
+ connected SATA device.
+
+ sata_spd_limit: (RO) Maximum speed imposed by libata.
+
+ sata_spd: (RO) Current speed of the link
+ eg. 1.5, 3 Gbps etc.
+
+
+Files under /sys/class/ata_device
+---------------------------------
+
+Behind each link, up to two ata devices are created.
+The name of the directory is devX[.Y].Z where:
+- X is ata_port_id of the port where the device is connected,
+- Y the port of the PM if any, and
+- Z the device id: for PATA, there is usually 2 devices [0,1], only 1 for SATA.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/ata_device/devX[.Y].Z/spdn_cnt
+What: /sys/class/ata_device/devX[.Y].Z/gscr
+What: /sys/class/ata_device/devX[.Y].Z/ering
+What: /sys/class/ata_device/devX[.Y].Z/id
+What: /sys/class/ata_device/devX[.Y].Z/pio_mode
+What: /sys/class/ata_device/devX[.Y].Z/xfer_mode
+What: /sys/class/ata_device/devX[.Y].Z/dma_mode
+What: /sys/class/ata_device/devX[.Y].Z/class
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: Gwendal Grignou <gwendal@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ spdn_cnt: (RO) Number of times libata decided to lower the
+ speed of link due to errors.
+
+ gscr: (RO) Cached result of the dump of PM GSCR
+ register. Valid registers are:
+
+ 0: SATA_PMP_GSCR_PROD_ID,
+ 1: SATA_PMP_GSCR_REV,
+ 2: SATA_PMP_GSCR_PORT_INFO,
+ 32: SATA_PMP_GSCR_ERROR,
+ 33: SATA_PMP_GSCR_ERROR_EN,
+ 64: SATA_PMP_GSCR_FEAT,
+ 96: SATA_PMP_GSCR_FEAT_EN,
+ 130: SATA_PMP_GSCR_SII_GPIO
+
+ Only valid if the device is a PM.
+
+ ering: (RO) Formatted output of the error ring of the
+ device.
+
+ id: (RO) Cached result of IDENTIFY command, as
+ described in ATA8 7.16 and 7.17. Only valid if
+ the device is not a PM.
+
+ pio_mode: (RO) PIO transfer mode used by the device.
+ Mostly used by PATA devices.
+
+ xfer_mode: (RO) Current transfer mode. Mostly used by
+ PATA devices.
+
+ dma_mode: (RO) DMA transfer mode used by the device.
+ Mostly used by PATA devices.
+
+ class: (RO) Device class. Can be "ata" for disk,
+ "atapi" for packet device, "pmp" for PM, or
+ "none" if no device was found behind the link.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/ata_device/devX[.Y].Z/trim
+Date: May, 2015
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: Gwendal Grignou <gwendal@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) Shows the DSM TRIM mode currently used by the device. Valid
+ values are:
+
+ unsupported: Drive does not support DSM TRIM
+
+ unqueued: Drive supports unqueued DSM TRIM only
+
+ queued: Drive supports queued DSM TRIM
+
+ forced_unqueued: Drive's queued DSM support is known to
+ be buggy and only unqueued TRIM commands
+ are sent
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block
deleted file mode 100644
index 44f52a4f5903..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-What: /sys/block/<disk>/stat
-Date: February 2008
-Contact: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
-Description:
- The /sys/block/<disk>/stat files displays the I/O
- statistics of disk <disk>. They contain 11 fields:
- 1 - reads completed succesfully
- 2 - reads merged
- 3 - sectors read
- 4 - time spent reading (ms)
- 5 - writes completed
- 6 - writes merged
- 7 - sectors written
- 8 - time spent writing (ms)
- 9 - I/Os currently in progress
- 10 - time spent doing I/Os (ms)
- 11 - weighted time spent doing I/Os (ms)
- For more details refer Documentation/iostats.txt
-
-
-What: /sys/block/<disk>/<part>/stat
-Date: February 2008
-Contact: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
-Description:
- The /sys/block/<disk>/<part>/stat files display the
- I/O statistics of partition <part>. The format is the
- same as the above-written /sys/block/<disk>/stat
- format.
-
-
-What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/format
-Date: June 2008
-Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
-Description:
- Metadata format for integrity capable block device.
- E.g. T10-DIF-TYPE1-CRC.
-
-
-What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/read_verify
-Date: June 2008
-Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
-Description:
- Indicates whether the block layer should verify the
- integrity of read requests serviced by devices that
- support sending integrity metadata.
-
-
-What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/tag_size
-Date: June 2008
-Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
-Description:
- Number of bytes of integrity tag space available per
- 512 bytes of data.
-
-
-What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/write_generate
-Date: June 2008
-Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
-Description:
- Indicates whether the block layer should automatically
- generate checksums for write requests bound for
- devices that support receiving integrity metadata.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-aoe b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-aoe
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b5837765bcdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-aoe
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+What: /sys/block/etherd*/mac
+Date: Apr, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.12
+Contact: Ed L. Cashin <ed.cashin@acm.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) The ethernet address of the remote Ata over Ethernet (AoE)
+ device.
+
+What: /sys/block/etherd*/netif
+Date: Apr, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.12
+Contact: Ed L. Cashin <ed.cashin@acm.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) The names of the network interfaces on the localhost (comma
+ separated) through which we are communicating with the remote
+ AoE device.
+
+What: /sys/block/etherd*/state
+Date: Apr, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.12
+Contact: Ed L. Cashin <ed.cashin@acm.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) Device status. The state attribute is "up" when the device
+ is ready for I/O and "down" if detected but unusable. The
+ "down,closewait" state shows that the device is still open and
+ cannot come up again until it has been closed. The "up,kickme"
+ state means that the driver wants to send more commands to the
+ target but found out there were already the max number of
+ commands waiting for a response. It will retry again after being
+ kicked by the periodic timer handler routine.
+
+What: /sys/block/etherd*/firmware-version
+Date: Apr, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.12
+Contact: Ed L. Cashin <ed.cashin@acm.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) Version of the firmware in the target.
+
+What: /sys/block/etherd*/payload
+Date: Dec, 2012
+KernelVersion: v3.10
+Contact: Ed L. Cashin <ed.cashin@acm.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) The amount of user data transferred (in bytes) inside each AoE
+ command on the network, network headers excluded.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-bcache b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-bcache
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9e4bbc5d51fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-bcache
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/unregister
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ A write to this file causes the backing device or cache to be
+ unregistered. If a backing device had dirty data in the cache,
+ writeback mode is automatically disabled and all dirty data is
+ flushed before the device is unregistered. Caches unregister
+ all associated backing devices before unregistering themselves.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/clear_stats
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Writing to this file resets all the statistics for the device.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/cache
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For a backing device that has cache, a symlink to
+ the bcache/ dir of that cache.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/cache_hits
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For backing devices: integer number of full cache hits,
+ counted per bio. A partial cache hit counts as a miss.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/cache_misses
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For backing devices: integer number of cache misses.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/cache_hit_ratio
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For backing devices: cache hits as a percentage.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/sequential_cutoff
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For backing devices: Threshold past which sequential IO will
+ skip the cache. Read and written as bytes in human readable
+ units (i.e. echo 10M > sequntial_cutoff).
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/bypassed
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Sum of all reads and writes that have bypassed the cache (due
+ to the sequential cutoff). Expressed as bytes in human
+ readable units.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/writeback
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For backing devices: When on, writeback caching is enabled and
+ writes will be buffered in the cache. When off, caching is in
+ writethrough mode; reads and writes will be added to the
+ cache but no write buffering will take place.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/writeback_running
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For backing devices: when off, dirty data will not be written
+ from the cache to the backing device. The cache will still be
+ used to buffer writes until it is mostly full, at which point
+ writes transparently revert to writethrough mode. Intended only
+ for benchmarking/testing.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/writeback_delay
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For backing devices: In writeback mode, when dirty data is
+ written to the cache and the cache held no dirty data for that
+ backing device, writeback from cache to backing device starts
+ after this delay, expressed as an integer number of seconds.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/writeback_percent
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For backing devices: If nonzero, writeback from cache to
+ backing device only takes place when more than this percentage
+ of the cache is used, allowing more write coalescing to take
+ place and reducing total number of writes sent to the backing
+ device. Integer between 0 and 40.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/synchronous
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For a cache, a boolean that allows synchronous mode to be
+ switched on and off. In synchronous mode all writes are ordered
+ such that the cache can reliably recover from unclean shutdown;
+ if disabled bcache will not generally wait for writes to
+ complete but if the cache is not shut down cleanly all data
+ will be discarded from the cache. Should not be turned off with
+ writeback caching enabled.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/discard
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For a cache, a boolean allowing discard/TRIM to be turned off
+ or back on if the device supports it.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/bucket_size
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For a cache, bucket size in human readable units, as set at
+ cache creation time; should match the erase block size of the
+ SSD for optimal performance.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/nbuckets
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For a cache, the number of usable buckets.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/tree_depth
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For a cache, height of the btree excluding leaf nodes (i.e. a
+ one node tree will have a depth of 0).
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/btree_cache_size
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Number of btree buckets/nodes that are currently cached in
+ memory; cache dynamically grows and shrinks in response to
+ memory pressure from the rest of the system.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/written
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For a cache, total amount of data in human readable units
+ written to the cache, excluding all metadata.
+
+What: /sys/block/<disk>/bcache/btree_written
+Date: November 2010
+Contact: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ For a cache, sum of all btree writes in human readable units.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-device b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-device
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2d543cfa4079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-device
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+What: /sys/block/*/device/sw_activity
+Date: Jun, 2008
+KernelVersion: v2.6.27
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Used by drivers which support software controlled activity
+ LEDs.
+
+ It has the following valid values:
+
+ == ========================================================
+ 0 OFF - the LED is not activated on activity
+ 1 BLINK_ON - the LED blinks on every 10ms when activity is
+ detected.
+ 2 BLINK_OFF - the LED is on when idle, and blinks off
+ every 10ms when activity is detected.
+ == ========================================================
+
+ Note that the user must turn sw_activity OFF it they wish to
+ control the activity LED via the em_message file.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/*/device/unload_heads
+Date: Sep, 2008
+KernelVersion: v2.6.28
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Hard disk shock protection
+
+ Writing an integer value to this file will take the heads of the
+ respective drive off the platter and block all I/O operations
+ for the specified number of milliseconds.
+
+ - If the device does not support the unload heads feature,
+ access is denied with -EOPNOTSUPP.
+ - The maximal value accepted for a timeout is 30000
+ milliseconds.
+ - A previously set timeout can be cancelled and disk can resume
+ normal operation immediately by specifying a timeout of 0.
+ - Some hard drives only comply with an earlier version of the
+ ATA standard, but support the unload feature nonetheless.
+ There is no safe way Linux can detect these devices, so this
+ is not enabled by default. If it is known that your device
+ does support the unload feature, then you can tell the kernel
+ to enable it by writing -1. It can be disabled again by
+ writing -2.
+ - Values below -2 are rejected with -EINVAL
+
+ For more information, see
+ Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/disk-shock-protection.rst
+
+
+What: /sys/block/*/device/ncq_prio_enable
+Date: Oct, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Write to the file to turn on or off the SATA NCQ (native
+ command queueing) priority support. By default this feature is
+ turned off. If the device does not support the SATA NCQ
+ priority feature, writing "1" to this file results in an error
+ (see ncq_prio_supported).
+
+
+What: /sys/block/*/device/sas_ncq_prio_enable
+Date: Oct, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) This is the equivalent of the ncq_prio_enable attribute
+ file for SATA devices connected to a SAS host-bus-adapter
+ (HBA) implementing support for the SATA NCQ priority feature.
+ This file does not exist if the HBA driver does not implement
+ support for the SATA NCQ priority feature, regardless of the
+ device support for this feature (see sas_ncq_prio_supported).
+
+
+What: /sys/block/*/device/ncq_prio_supported
+Date: Aug, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.15
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Indicates if the device supports the SATA NCQ (native
+ command queueing) priority feature.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/*/device/sas_ncq_prio_supported
+Date: Aug, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.15
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) This is the equivalent of the ncq_prio_supported attribute
+ file for SATA devices connected to a SAS host-bus-adapter
+ (HBA) implementing support for the SATA NCQ priority feature.
+ This file does not exist if the HBA driver does not implement
+ support for the SATA NCQ priority feature, regardless of the
+ device support for this feature.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/*/device/cdl_supported
+Date: May, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.5
+Contact: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Indicates if the device supports the command duration
+ limits feature found in some ATA and SCSI devices.
+
+
+What: /sys/block/*/device/cdl_enable
+Date: May, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.5
+Contact: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) For a device supporting the command duration limits
+ feature, write to the file to turn on or off the feature.
+ By default this feature is turned off.
+ Writing "1" to this file enables the use of command duration
+ limits for read and write commands in the kernel and turns on
+ the feature on the device. Writing "0" disables the feature.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-dm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-dm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f9f2339b9a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-dm
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+What: /sys/block/dm-<num>/dm/name
+Date: January 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: dm-devel@redhat.com
+Description: Device-mapper device name.
+ Read-only string containing mapped device name.
+Users: util-linux, device-mapper udev rules
+
+What: /sys/block/dm-<num>/dm/uuid
+Date: January 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: dm-devel@redhat.com
+Description: Device-mapper device UUID.
+ Read-only string containing DM-UUID or empty string
+ if DM-UUID is not set.
+Users: util-linux, device-mapper udev rules
+
+What: /sys/block/dm-<num>/dm/suspended
+Date: June 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: dm-devel@redhat.com
+Description: Device-mapper device suspend state.
+ Contains the value 1 while the device is suspended.
+ Otherwise it contains 0. Read-only attribute.
+Users: util-linux, device-mapper udev rules
+
+What: /sys/block/dm-<num>/dm/rq_based_seq_io_merge_deadline
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.1
+Contact: dm-devel@redhat.com
+Description: Allow control over how long a request that is a
+ reasonable merge candidate can be queued on the request
+ queue. The resolution of this deadline is in
+ microseconds (ranging from 1 to 100000 usecs).
+ Setting this attribute to 0 (the default) will disable
+ request-based DM's merge heuristic and associated extra
+ accounting. This attribute is not applicable to
+ bio-based DM devices so it will only ever report 0 for
+ them.
+
+What: /sys/block/dm-<num>/dm/use_blk_mq
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.1
+Contact: dm-devel@redhat.com
+Description: Request-based Device-mapper blk-mq I/O path mode.
+ Contains the value 1 if the device is using blk-mq.
+ Otherwise it contains 0. Read-only attribute.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-loop b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-loop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..627f4eb87286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-loop
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+What: /sys/block/loopX/loop/autoclear
+Date: Aug, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Shows if the device is in autoclear mode or not ( "1" or
+ "0"). Autoclear (if set) indicates that the loopback device will
+ self-distruct after last close.
+
+What: /sys/block/loopX/loop/backing_file
+Date: Aug, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The path of the backing file that the loop device maps its
+ data blocks to.
+
+What: /sys/block/loopX/loop/offset
+Date: Aug, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Start offset (in bytes).
+
+What: /sys/block/loopX/loop/sizelimit
+Date: Aug, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The size (in bytes) that the block device maps, starting
+ from the offset.
+
+What: /sys/block/loopX/loop/partscan
+Date: Aug, 2011
+KernelVersion: v3.10
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Shows if automatic partition scanning is enabled for the
+ device or not ("1" or "0"). This can be requested individually
+ per loop device during its setup by setting LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN in
+ in the ioctl request. By default, no partition tables are
+ scanned.
+
+What: /sys/block/loopX/loop/dio
+Date: Aug, 2015
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Shows if direct IO is being used to access backing file or
+ not ("1 or "0").
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-rnbd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-rnbd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..80b420b5d6b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-rnbd
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+What: /sys/block/rnbd<N>/rnbd/unmap_device
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: To unmap a volume, "normal" or "force" has to be written to:
+ /sys/block/rnbd<N>/rnbd/unmap_device
+
+ When "normal" is used, the operation will fail with EBUSY if any process
+ is using the device. When "force" is used, the device is also unmapped
+ when device is in use. All I/Os that are in progress will fail.
+
+ Example::
+
+ # echo "normal" > /sys/block/rnbd0/rnbd/unmap_device
+
+What: /sys/block/rnbd<N>/rnbd/state
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: The file contains the current state of the block device. The state file
+ returns "open" when the device is successfully mapped from the server
+ and accepting I/O requests. When the connection to the server gets
+ disconnected in case of an error (e.g. link failure), the state file
+ returns "closed" and all I/O requests submitted to it will fail with -EIO.
+
+What: /sys/block/rnbd<N>/rnbd/session
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RNBD uses RTRS session to transport the data between client and
+ server. The entry "session" contains the name of the session, that
+ was used to establish the RTRS session. It's the same name that
+ was passed as server parameter to the map_device entry.
+
+What: /sys/block/rnbd<N>/rnbd/mapping_path
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Contains the path that was passed as "device_path" to the map_device
+ operation.
+
+What: /sys/block/rnbd<N>/rnbd/access_mode
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Contains the device access mode: ro, rw or migration.
+
+What: /sys/block/rnbd<N>/rnbd/resize
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Write the number of sectors to change the size of the disk.
+
+What: /sys/block/rnbd<N>/rnbd/remap_device
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Remap the disconnected device if the session is not destroyed yet.
+
+What: /sys/block/rnbd<N>/rnbd/nr_poll_queues
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Contains the number of poll-mode queues
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-rssd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-rssd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..beef30c046b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-rssd
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+What: /sys/block/rssd*/status
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.4
+Contact: Asai Thambi S P <asamymuthupa@micron.com>
+Description: This is a read-only file. Indicates the status of the device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-zram b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-zram
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..36c57de0a10a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-zram
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/disksize
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
+Description:
+ The disksize file is read-write and specifies the disk size
+ which represents the limit on the *uncompressed* worth of data
+ that can be stored in this disk.
+ Unit: bytes
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/initstate
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
+Description:
+ The initstate file is read-only and shows the initialization
+ state of the device.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/reset
+Date: August 2010
+Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
+Description:
+ The reset file is write-only and allows resetting the
+ device. The reset operation frees all the memory associated
+ with this device.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/comp_algorithm
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The comp_algorithm file is read-write and lets to show
+ available and selected compression algorithms, change
+ compression algorithm selection.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/mem_used_max
+Date: August 2014
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The mem_used_max file is write-only and is used to reset
+ the counter of maximum memory zram have consumed to store
+ compressed data. For resetting the value, you should write
+ "0". Otherwise, you could see -EINVAL.
+ Unit: bytes
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/mem_limit
+Date: August 2014
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The mem_limit file is write-only and specifies the maximum
+ amount of memory ZRAM can use to store the compressed data.
+ The limit could be changed in run time and "0" means disable
+ the limit. No limit is the initial state. Unit: bytes
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/compact
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The compact file is write-only and trigger compaction for
+ allocator zrm uses. The allocator moves some objects so that
+ it could free fragment space.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/io_stat
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The io_stat file is read-only and accumulates device's I/O
+ statistics not accounted by block layer. For example,
+ failed_reads, failed_writes, etc. File format is similar to
+ block layer statistics file format.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/mm_stat
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The mm_stat file is read-only and represents device's mm
+ statistics (orig_data_size, compr_data_size, etc.) in a format
+ similar to block layer statistics file format.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/debug_stat
+Date: July 2016
+Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The debug_stat file is read-only and represents various
+ device's debugging info useful for kernel developers. Its
+ format is not documented intentionally and may change
+ anytime without any notice.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/backing_dev
+Date: June 2017
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The backing_dev file is read-write and set up backing
+ device for zram to write incompressible pages.
+ For using, user should enable CONFIG_ZRAM_WRITEBACK.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/idle
+Date: November 2018
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ idle file is write-only and mark zram slot as idle.
+ If system has mounted debugfs, user can see which slots
+ are idle via /sys/kernel/debug/zram/zram<id>/block_state
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/writeback
+Date: November 2018
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The writeback file is write-only and trigger idle and/or
+ huge page writeback to backing device.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/bd_stat
+Date: November 2018
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The bd_stat file is read-only and represents backing device's
+ statistics (bd_count, bd_reads, bd_writes) in a format
+ similar to block layer statistics file format.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/writeback_limit_enable
+Date: November 2018
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The writeback_limit_enable file is read-write and specifies
+ eanbe of writeback_limit feature. "1" means eable the feature.
+ No limit "0" is the initial state.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/writeback_limit
+Date: November 2018
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The writeback_limit file is read-write and specifies the maximum
+ amount of writeback ZRAM can do. The limit could be changed
+ in run time.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/recomp_algorithm
+Date: November 2022
+Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ The recomp_algorithm file is read-write and allows to set
+ or show secondary compression algorithms.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/recompress
+Date: November 2022
+Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ The recompress file is write-only and triggers re-compression
+ with secondary compression algorithms.
+
+What: /sys/block/zram<id>/algorithm_params
+Date: August 2024
+Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ The algorithm_params file is write-only and is used to setup
+ compression algorithm parameters.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-acpi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-acpi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6f2b907a8013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-acpi
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../path
+Date: December 2006
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This attribute indicates the full path of ACPI namespace
+ object associated with the device object. For example,
+ \_SB_.PCI0.
+
+ This file is not present for device objects representing
+ fixed ACPI hardware features (like power and sleep
+ buttons).
+
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../modalias
+Date: July 2007
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This attribute indicates the PNP IDs of the device object.
+ That is acpi:HHHHHHHH:[CCCCCCC:]. Where each HHHHHHHH or
+ CCCCCCCC contains device object's PNPID (_HID or _CID).
+
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../hid
+Date: April 2005
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This attribute indicates the hardware ID (_HID) of the
+ device object. For example, PNP0103.
+ This file is present for device objects having the _HID
+ control method.
+
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../description
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This attribute contains the output of the device object's
+ _STR control method, if present.
+
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../adr
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This attribute contains the output of the device object's
+ _ADR control method, which is present for ACPI device
+ objects representing devices having standard enumeration
+ algorithms, such as PCI.
+
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../uid
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This attribute contains the output of the device object's
+ _UID control method, if present.
+
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../eject
+Date: December 2006
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Writing 1 to this attribute will trigger hot removal of
+ this device object. This file exists for every device
+ object that has _EJ0 method.
+
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../status
+Date: Jan, 2014
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) Returns the ACPI device status: enabled, disabled or
+ functioning or present, if the method _STA is present.
+
+ The return value is a decimal integer representing the device's
+ status bitmap:
+
+ =========== ==================================================
+ Bit [0] Set if the device is present.
+ Bit [1] Set if the device is enabled and decoding its
+ resources.
+ Bit [2] Set if the device should be shown in the UI.
+ Bit [3] Set if the device is functioning properly (cleared
+ if device failed its diagnostics).
+ Bit [4] Set if the battery is present.
+ Bits [31:5] Reserved (must be cleared)
+ =========== ==================================================
+
+ If bit [0] is clear, then bit 1 must also be clear (a device
+ that is not present cannot be enabled).
+
+ Bit 0 can be clear (not present) with bit [3] set (device is
+ functional). This case is used to indicate a valid device for
+ which no device driver should be loaded.
+
+ More special cases are covered in the ACPI specification.
+
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../hrv
+Date: Apr, 2016
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) Allows users to read the hardware version of non-PCI
+ hardware, if the _HRV control method is present. It is mostly
+ useful for non-PCI devices because lspci can list the hardware
+ version for PCI devices.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-amba b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-amba
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e7b54677cfbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-amba
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/bus/amba/devices/.../driver_override
+Date: September 2014
+Contact: Antonios Motakis <a.motakis@virtualopensystems.com>
+Description:
+ This file allows the driver for a device to be specified which
+ will override standard OF, ACPI, ID table, and name matching.
+ When specified, only a driver with a name matching the value
+ written to driver_override will have an opportunity to bind to
+ the device. The override is specified by writing a string to the
+ driver_override file (echo vfio-amba > driver_override) and may
+ be cleared with an empty string (echo > driver_override).
+ This returns the device to standard matching rules binding.
+ Writing to driver_override does not automatically unbind the
+ device from its current driver or make any attempt to
+ automatically load the specified driver. If no driver with a
+ matching name is currently loaded in the kernel, the device will
+ not bind to any driver. This also allows devices to opt-out of
+ driver binding using a driver_override name such as "none".
+ Only a single driver may be specified in the override, there is
+ no support for parsing delimiters.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-auxiliary b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-auxiliary
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cc856079690f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-auxiliary
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/bus/auxiliary/devices/.../irqs/
+Date: April, 2024
+Contact: Shay Drory <shayd@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../irqs directory contains a variable set of
+ files, with each file is named as irq number similar to PCI PF
+ or VF's irq number located in msi_irqs directory.
+ These irq files are added and removed dynamically when an IRQ
+ is requested and freed respectively for the PCI SF.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-bcma b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-bcma
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e93d3ddca844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-bcma
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+What: /sys/bus/bcma/devices/.../manuf
+Date: May 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Rafał Miłecki <zajec5@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Each BCMA core has its manufacturer id. See
+ include/linux/bcma/bcma.h for possible values.
+
+What: /sys/bus/bcma/devices/.../id
+Date: May 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Rafał Miłecki <zajec5@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ There are a few types of BCMA cores, they can be identified by
+ id field.
+
+What: /sys/bus/bcma/devices/.../rev
+Date: May 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Rafał Miłecki <zajec5@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ BCMA cores of the same type can still slightly differ depending
+ on their revision. Use it for detailed programming.
+
+What: /sys/bus/bcma/devices/.../class
+Date: May 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Rafał Miłecki <zajec5@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Each BCMA core is identified by few fields, including class it
+ belongs to. See include/linux/bcma/bcma.h for possible values.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-cdx b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-cdx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e84277531414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-cdx
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/rescan
+Date: March 2023
+Contact: nipun.gupta@amd.com
+Description:
+ Writing y/1/on to this file will cause rescan of the bus
+ and devices on the CDX bus. Any new devices are scanned and
+ added to the list of Linux devices and any devices removed are
+ also deleted from Linux.
+
+ For example::
+
+ # echo 1 > /sys/bus/cdx/rescan
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../vendor
+Date: March 2023
+Contact: nipun.gupta@amd.com
+Description:
+ Vendor ID for this CDX device, in hexadecimal. Vendor ID is
+ 16 bit identifier which is specific to the device manufacturer.
+ Combination of Vendor ID and Device ID identifies a device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../device
+Date: March 2023
+Contact: nipun.gupta@amd.com
+Description:
+ Device ID for this CDX device, in hexadecimal. Device ID is
+ 16 bit identifier to identify a device type within the range
+ of a device manufacturer.
+ Combination of Vendor ID and Device ID identifies a device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../subsystem_vendor
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: puneet.gupta@amd.com
+Description:
+ Subsystem Vendor ID for this CDX device, in hexadecimal.
+ Subsystem Vendor ID is 16 bit identifier specific to the
+ card manufacturer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../subsystem_device
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: puneet.gupta@amd.com
+Description:
+ Subsystem Device ID for this CDX device, in hexadecimal
+ Subsystem Device ID is 16 bit identifier specific to the
+ card manufacturer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../class
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: puneet.gupta@amd.com
+Description:
+ This file contains the class of the CDX device, in hexadecimal.
+ Class is 24 bit identifier specifies the functionality of the device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../revision
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: puneet.gupta@amd.com
+Description:
+ This file contains the revision field of the CDX device, in hexadecimal.
+ Revision is 8 bit revision identifier of the device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../enable
+Date: October 2023
+Contact: abhijit.gangurde@amd.com
+Description:
+ CDX bus should be disabled before updating the devices in FPGA.
+ Writing n/0/off will attempt to disable the CDX bus and.
+ writing y/1/on will attempt to enable the CDX bus. Reading this file
+ gives the current state of the bus, 1 for enabled and 0 for disabled.
+
+ For example::
+
+ # echo 1 > /sys/bus/cdx/.../enable
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../reset
+Date: March 2023
+Contact: nipun.gupta@amd.com
+Description:
+ Writing y/1/on to this file resets the CDX device or all devices
+ on the bus. On resetting the device, the corresponding driver is
+ notified twice, once before the device is being reset, and again
+ after the reset has been complete.
+
+ For example::
+
+ # echo 1 > /sys/bus/cdx/.../reset
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../remove
+Date: March 2023
+Contact: tarak.reddy@amd.com
+Description:
+ Writing y/1/on to this file removes the corresponding
+ device from the CDX bus. If the device is to be reconfigured
+ reconfigured in the Hardware, the device can be removed, so
+ that the device driver does not access the device while it is
+ being reconfigured.
+
+ For example::
+
+ # echo 1 > /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../remove
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../resource<N>
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: puneet.gupta@amd.com
+Description:
+ The resource binary file contains the content of the memory
+ regions. These files can be m'maped from userspace.
+
+What: /sys/bus/cdx/devices/.../modalias
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: nipun.gupta@amd.com
+Description:
+ This attribute indicates the CDX ID of the device.
+ That is in the format:
+ cdx:vXXXXdXXXXsvXXXXsdXXXXcXXXXXX,
+ where:
+
+ - vXXXX contains the vendor ID;
+ - dXXXX contains the device ID;
+ - svXXXX contains the subsystem vendor ID;
+ - sdXXXX contains the subsystem device ID;
+ - cXXXXXX contains the device class.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coreboot b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coreboot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8e8d6af24a4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coreboot
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coreboot
+Date: August 2022
+Contact: Jack Rosenthal <jrosenth@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ The coreboot bus provides a variety of virtual devices used to
+ access data structures created by the Coreboot BIOS.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coreboot/devices/cbmem-<id>
+Date: August 2022
+Contact: Jack Rosenthal <jrosenth@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ CBMEM is a downwards-growing memory region created by Coreboot,
+ and contains tagged data structures to be shared with payloads
+ in the boot process and the OS. Each CBMEM entry is given a
+ directory in /sys/bus/coreboot/devices based on its id.
+ A list of ids known to Coreboot can be found in the coreboot
+ source tree at
+ ``src/commonlib/bsd/include/commonlib/bsd/cbmem_id.h``.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coreboot/devices/cbmem-<id>/address
+Date: August 2022
+Contact: Jack Rosenthal <jrosenth@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ This is the physical memory address that the CBMEM entry's data
+ begins at, in hexadecimal (e.g., ``0x76ffe000``).
+
+What: /sys/bus/coreboot/devices/cbmem-<id>/size
+Date: August 2022
+Contact: Jack Rosenthal <jrosenth@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ This is the size of the CBMEM entry's data, in hexadecimal
+ (e.g., ``0x1234``).
+
+What: /sys/bus/coreboot/devices/cbmem-<id>/mem
+Date: August 2022
+Contact: Jack Rosenthal <jrosenth@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ A file exposing read/write access to the entry's data. Note
+ that this file does not support mmap(), as coreboot
+ does not guarantee that the data will be page-aligned.
+
+ The mode of this file is 0600. While there shouldn't be
+ anything security-sensitive contained in CBMEM, read access
+ requires root privileges given this is exposing a small subset
+ of physical memory.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-cti b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-cti
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a2aef7f5a6d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-cti
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/enable
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (RW) Enable/Disable the CTI hardware.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/powered
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Indicate if the CTI hardware is powered.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/ctmid
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Display the associated CTM ID
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/nr_trigger_cons
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Number of devices connected to triggers on this CTI
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/triggers<N>/name
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Name of connected device <N>
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/triggers<N>/in_signals
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Input trigger signals from connected device <N>
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/triggers<N>/in_types
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Functional types for the input trigger signals
+ from connected device <N>
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/triggers<N>/out_signals
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Output trigger signals to connected device <N>
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/triggers<N>/out_types
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Functional types for the output trigger signals
+ to connected device <N>
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/inout_sel
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (RW) Select the index for inen and outen registers.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/inen
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (RW) Read or write the CTIINEN register selected by inout_sel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/outen
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (RW) Read or write the CTIOUTEN register selected by inout_sel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/gate
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (RW) Read or write CTIGATE register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/asicctl
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (RW) Read or write ASICCTL register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/intack
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Write the INTACK register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/appset
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (RW) Set CTIAPPSET register to activate channel. Read back to
+ determine current value of register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/appclear
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Write APPCLEAR register to deactivate channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/apppulse
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Write APPPULSE to pulse a channel active for one clock
+ cycle.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/chinstatus
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Read current status of channel inputs.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/choutstatus
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) read current status of channel outputs.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/triginstatus
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) read current status of input trigger signals
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/regs/trigoutstatus
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) read current status of output trigger signals.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/trigin_attach
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Attach a CTI input trigger to a CTM channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/trigin_detach
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Detach a CTI input trigger from a CTM channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/trigout_attach
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Attach a CTI output trigger to a CTM channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/trigout_detach
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Detach a CTI output trigger from a CTM channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_gate_enable
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (RW) Enable CTIGATE for single channel (Write) or list enabled
+ channels through the gate (R).
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_gate_disable
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Disable CTIGATE for single channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_set
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Activate a single channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_clear
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Deactivate a single channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_pulse
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Pulse a single channel - activate for a single clock cycle.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/trigout_filtered
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) List of output triggers filtered across all connections.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/trig_filter_enable
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (RW) Enable or disable trigger output signal filtering.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_inuse
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) show channels with at least one attached trigger signal.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_free
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) show channels with no attached trigger signals.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_xtrigs_sel
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (RW) Write channel number to select a channel to view, read to
+ see selected channel number.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_xtrigs_in
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Read to see input triggers connected to selected view
+ channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_xtrigs_out
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Read) Read to see output triggers connected to selected view
+ channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/channels/chan_xtrigs_reset
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Mike Leach or Mathieu Poirier
+Description: (Write) Clear all channel / trigger programming.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<cti-name>/label
+Date: Aug 2025
+KernelVersion 6.18
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Read) Show hardware context information of device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-dummy-source b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-dummy-source
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..321e3ee1fc9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-dummy-source
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/dummy_source<N>/enable_source
+Date: Dec 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.14
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (RW) Enable/disable tracing of dummy source. A sink should be activated
+ before enabling the source. The path of coresight components linking
+ the source to the sink is configured and managed automatically by the
+ coresight framework.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/dummy_source<N>/traceid
+Date: Dec 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.14
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (R) Show the trace ID that will appear in the trace stream
+ coming from this trace entity.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/dummy_source<N>/label
+Date: Aug 2025
+KernelVersion 6.18
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Read) Show hardware context information of device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-etb10 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-etb10
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f30526949687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-etb10
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/enable_sink
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Add/remove a sink from a trace path. There can be multiple
+ source for a single sink.
+
+ ex::
+
+ echo 1 > /sys/bus/coresight/devices/20010000.etb/enable_sink
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/trigger_cntr
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Disables write access to the Trace RAM by stopping the
+ formatter after a defined number of words have been stored
+ following the trigger event. The number of 32-bit words written
+ into the Trace RAM following the trigger event is equal to the
+ value stored in this register+1 (from ARM ETB-TRM).
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/label
+Date: Aug 2025
+KernelVersion 6.18
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Read) Show hardware context information of device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/mgmt/rdp
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Defines the depth, in words, of the trace RAM in powers of
+ 2. The value is read directly from HW register RDP, 0x004.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/mgmt/sts
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the ETB status register. The value
+ is read directly from HW register STS, 0x00C.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/mgmt/rrp
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the ETB RAM Read Pointer register
+ that is used to read entries from the Trace RAM over the APB
+ interface. The value is read directly from HW register RRP,
+ 0x014.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/mgmt/rwp
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the ETB RAM Write Pointer register
+ that is used to sets the write pointer to write entries from
+ the CoreSight bus into the Trace RAM. The value is read directly
+ from HW register RWP, 0x018.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/mgmt/trg
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Similar to "trigger_cntr" above except that this value is
+ read directly from HW register TRG, 0x01C.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/mgmt/ctl
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the ETB Control register. The value
+ is read directly from HW register CTL, 0x020.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/mgmt/ffsr
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the ETB Formatter and Flush Status
+ register. The value is read directly from HW register FFSR,
+ 0x300.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.etb/mgmt/ffcr
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the ETB Formatter and Flush Control
+ register. The value is read directly from HW register FFCR,
+ 0x304.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-etm3x b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-etm3x
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..245c322c91f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-etm3x
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/enable_source
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Enable/disable tracing on this specific trace entiry.
+ Enabling a source implies the source has been configured
+ properly and a sink has been identidifed for it. The path
+ of coresight components linking the source to the sink is
+ configured and managed automatically by the coresight framework.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/addr_idx
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: Select which address comparator or pair (of comparators) to
+ work with.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/addr_acctype
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used in conjunction with @addr_idx. Specifies
+ characteristics about the address comparator being configure,
+ for example the access type, the kind of instruction to trace,
+ processor context ID to trigger on, etc. Individual fields in
+ the access type register may vary on the version of the trace
+ entity.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/addr_range
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used in conjunction with @addr_idx. Specifies the range of
+ addresses to trigger on. Inclusion or exclusion is specified
+ in the corresponding access type register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/addr_single
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used in conjunction with @addr_idx. Specifies the single
+ address to trigger on, highly influenced by the configuration
+ options of the corresponding access type register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/addr_start
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used in conjunction with @addr_idx. Specifies the single
+ address to start tracing on, highly influenced by the
+ configuration options of the corresponding access type register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/addr_stop
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used in conjunction with @addr_idx. Specifies the single
+ address to stop tracing on, highly influenced by the
+ configuration options of the corresponding access type register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/cntr_idx
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Specifies the counter to work on.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/cntr_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used in conjunction with cntr_idx, give access to the
+ counter event register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/cntr_val
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used in conjunction with cntr_idx, give access to the
+ counter value register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/cntr_rld_val
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used in conjunction with cntr_idx, give access to the
+ counter reload value register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/cntr_rld_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used in conjunction with cntr_idx, give access to the
+ counter reload event register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/ctxid_idx
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Specifies the index of the context ID register to be
+ selected.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/ctxid_mask
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Mask to apply to all the context ID comparator.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/ctxid_pid
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used with the ctxid_idx, specify with context ID to trigger
+ on.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/enable_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Defines which event triggers a trace.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/etmsr
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Gives access to the ETM status register, which holds
+ programming information and status on certains events.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/fifofull_level
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Number of byte left in the fifo before considering it full.
+ Depending on the tracer's version, can also hold threshold for
+ data suppression.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mode
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Interface with the driver's 'mode' field, controlling
+ various aspect of the trace entity such as time stamping,
+ context ID size and cycle accurate tracing. Driver specific
+ and bound to change depending on the driver.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/nr_addr_cmp
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Provides the number of address comparators pairs accessible
+ on a trace unit, as specified by bit 3:0 of register ETMCCR.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/nr_cntr
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Provides the number of counters accessible on a trace unit,
+ as specified by bit 15:13 of register ETMCCR.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/nr_ctxid_cmp
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Provides the number of context ID comparator available on a
+ trace unit, as specified by bit 25:24 of register ETMCCR.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/reset
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Write) Cancels all configuration on a trace unit and set it back
+ to its boot configuration.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/seq_12_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Defines the event that causes the sequencer to transition
+ from state 1 to state 2.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/seq_13_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Defines the event that causes the sequencer to transition
+ from state 1 to state 3.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/seq_21_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Defines the event that causes the sequencer to transition
+ from state 2 to state 1.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/seq_23_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Defines the event that causes the sequencer to transition
+ from state 2 to state 3.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/seq_31_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Defines the event that causes the sequencer to transition
+ from state 3 to state 1.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/seq_32_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Defines the event that causes the sequencer to transition
+ from state 3 to state 2.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/curr_seq_state
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Holds the current state of the sequencer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/sync_freq
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Holds the trace synchronization frequency value - must be
+ programmed with the various implementation behavior in mind.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/timestamp_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Defines an event that requests the insertion of a timestamp
+ into the trace stream.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/traceid
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Holds the trace ID that will appear in the trace stream
+ coming from this trace entity.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/trigger_event
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Define the event that controls the trigger.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/cpu
+Date: October 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Holds the cpu number this tracer is affined to.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/label
+Date: Aug 2025
+KernelVersion 6.18
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Read) Show hardware context information of device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mgmt/etmccr
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Print the content of the ETM Configuration Code register
+ (0x004). The value is read directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mgmt/etmccer
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Print the content of the ETM Configuration Code Extension
+ register (0x1e8). The value is read directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mgmt/etmscr
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Print the content of the ETM System Configuration
+ register (0x014). The value is read directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mgmt/etmidr
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Print the content of the ETM ID register (0x1e4). The
+ value is read directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mgmt/etmcr
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Print the content of the ETM Main Control register (0x000).
+ The value is read directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mgmt/etmtraceidr
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Print the content of the ETM Trace ID register (0x200).
+ The value is read directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mgmt/etmteevr
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Print the content of the ETM Trace Enable Event register
+ (0x020). The value is read directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mgmt/etmtsscr
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Print the content of the ETM Trace Start/Stop Control
+ register (0x018). The value is read directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mgmt/etmtecr1
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Print the content of the ETM Enable Control #1
+ register (0x024). The value is read directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.[etm|ptm]/mgmt/etmtecr2
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RO) Print the content of the ETM Enable Control #2
+ register (0x01c). The value is read directly from the HW.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-etm4x b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-etm4x
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6f19a6a5f2e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-etm4x
@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/enable_source
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Enable/disable tracing on this specific trace entiry.
+ Enabling a source implies the source has been configured
+ properly and a sink has been identidifed for it. The path
+ of coresight components linking the source to the sink is
+ configured and managed automatically by the coresight framework.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/cpu
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) The CPU this tracing entity is associated with.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/nr_pe_cmp
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the number of PE comparator inputs that are
+ available for tracing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/nr_addr_cmp
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the number of address comparator pairs that are
+ available for tracing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/nr_cntr
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the number of counters that are available for
+ tracing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/nr_ext_inp
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Indicates how many external inputs are implemented.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/numcidc
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the number of Context ID comparators that are
+ available for tracing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/numvmidc
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the number of VMID comparators that are available
+ for tracing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/nrseqstate
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the number of sequencer states that are
+ implemented.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/nr_resource
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the number of resource selection pairs that are
+ available for tracing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/nr_ss_cmp
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the number of single-shot comparator controls that
+ are available for tracing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/reset
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Write) Cancels all configuration on a trace unit and set it back
+ to its boot configuration.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mode
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls various modes supported by this ETM, for example
+ P0 instruction tracing, branch broadcast, cycle counting and
+ context ID tracing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/pe
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls which PE to trace.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/event
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls the tracing of arbitrary events from bank 0 to 3.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/event_instren
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls the behavior of the events in bank 0 to 3.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/event_ts
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls the insertion of global timestamps in the trace
+ streams.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/syncfreq
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls how often trace synchronization requests occur.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/cyc_threshold
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Sets the threshold value for cycle counting.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/bb_ctrl
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls which regions in the memory map are enabled to
+ use branch broadcasting.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/event_vinst
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls instruction trace filtering.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/s_exlevel_vinst
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) In Secure state, each bit controls whether instruction
+ tracing is enabled for the corresponding exception level.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/ns_exlevel_vinst
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) In non-secure state, each bit controls whether instruction
+ tracing is enabled for the corresponding exception level.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/addr_idx
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Select which address comparator or pair (of comparators) to
+ work with.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/addr_instdatatype
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls what type of comparison the trace unit performs.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/addr_single
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used to setup single address comparator values.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/addr_range
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used to setup address range comparator values.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/seq_idx
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Select which sequensor.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/seq_state
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Use this to set, or read, the sequencer state.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/seq_event
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Moves the sequencer state to a specific state.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/seq_reset_event
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Moves the sequencer to state 0 when a programmed event
+ occurs.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/cntr_idx
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Select which counter unit to work with.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/cntrldvr
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) This sets or returns the reload count value of the
+ specific counter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/cntr_val
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) This sets or returns the current count value of the
+ specific counter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/cntr_ctrl
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls the operation of the selected counter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/res_idx
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Select which resource selection unit to work with.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/res_ctrl
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Controls the selection of the resources in the trace unit.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/ctxid_idx
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Select which context ID comparator to work with.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/ctxid_pid
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Get/Set the context ID comparator value to trigger on.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/ctxid_masks
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Mask for all 8 context ID comparator value
+ registers (if implemented).
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/vmid_idx
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Select which virtual machine ID comparator to work with.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/vmid_val
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Get/Set the virtual machine ID comparator value to
+ trigger on.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/vmid_masks
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Mask for all 8 virtual machine ID comparator value
+ registers (if implemented).
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/addr_exlevel_s_ns
+Date: December 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Set the Exception Level matching bits for secure and
+ non-secure exception levels.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/vinst_pe_cmp_start_stop
+Date: December 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Access the start stop control register for PE input
+ comparators.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/addr_cmp_view
+Date: December 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the current settings for the selected address
+ comparator.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/sshot_idx
+Date: December 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Select the single shot control register to access.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/sshot_ctrl
+Date: December 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Access the selected single shot control register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/sshot_status
+Date: December 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the current value of the selected single shot
+ status register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/sshot_pe_ctrl
+Date: December 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Access the selected single show PE comparator control
+ register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/label
+Date: Aug 2025
+KernelVersion 6.18
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Read) Show hardware context information of device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcoslsr
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the OS Lock Status Register (0x304).
+ The value it taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcpdcr
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the Power Down Control Register
+ (0x310). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcpdsr
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the Power Down Status Register
+ (0x314). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trclsr
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the SW Lock Status Register
+ (0xFB4). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcauthstatus
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the Authentication Status Register
+ (0xFB8). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcdevid
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the Device ID Register
+ (0xFC8). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcdevarch
+Date: January 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the Device Architecture Register
+ (offset 0xFBC). The value is taken directly read
+ from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcdevtype
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the Device Type Register
+ (0xFCC). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcpidr0
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the Peripheral ID0 Register
+ (0xFE0). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcpidr1
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the Peripheral ID1 Register
+ (0xFE4). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcpidr2
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the Peripheral ID2 Register
+ (0xFE8). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcpidr3
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the Peripheral ID3 Register
+ (0xFEC). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trcconfig
+Date: February 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.07
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the trace configuration register
+ (0x010) as currently set by SW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/mgmt/trctraceid
+Date: February 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.07
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Print the content of the trace ID register (0x040).
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr0
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns the tracing capabilities of the trace unit (0x1E0).
+ The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr1
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns the tracing capabilities of the trace unit (0x1E4).
+ The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr2
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns the maximum size of the data value, data address,
+ VMID, context ID and instruction address in the trace unit
+ (0x1E8). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr3
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns the value associated with various resources
+ available to the trace unit. See the Trace Macrocell
+ architecture specification for more details (0x1E8).
+ The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr4
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns how many resources the trace unit supports (0x1F0).
+ The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr5
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns how many resources the trace unit supports (0x1F4).
+ The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr8
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns the maximum speculation depth of the instruction
+ trace stream. (0x180). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr9
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns the number of P0 right-hand keys that the trace unit
+ can use (0x184). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr10
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns the number of P1 right-hand keys that the trace unit
+ can use (0x188). The value is taken directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr11
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns the number of special P1 right-hand keys that the
+ trace unit can use (0x18C). The value is taken directly from
+ the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr12
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns the number of conditional P1 right-hand keys that
+ the trace unit can use (0x190). The value is taken directly
+ from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/trcidr/trcidr13
+Date: April 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.01
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Returns the number of special conditional P1 right-hand keys
+ that the trace unit can use (0x194). The value is taken
+ directly from the HW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/etm<N>/ts_source
+Date: October 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org> or Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
+Description: (Read) When FEAT_TRF is implemented, value of TRFCR_ELx.TS used for
+ trace session. Otherwise -1 indicates an unknown time source. Check
+ trcidr0.tssize to see if a global timestamp is available.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-funnel b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-funnel
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..86938e9bbcde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-funnel
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.funnel/funnel_ctrl
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Enables the slave ports and defines the hold time of the
+ slave ports.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.funnel/priority
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Defines input port priority order.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.funnel/label
+Date: Aug 2025
+KernelVersion 6.18
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Read) Show hardware context information of device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-stm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-stm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..848e2ffc1480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-stm
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.stm/enable_source
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Enable/disable tracing on this specific trace macrocell.
+ Enabling the trace macrocell implies it has been configured
+ properly and a sink has been identified for it. The path
+ of coresight components linking the source to the sink is
+ configured and managed automatically by the coresight framework.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.stm/hwevent_enable
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Provides access to the HW event enable register, used in
+ conjunction with HW event bank select register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.stm/hwevent_select
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Gives access to the HW event block select register
+ (STMHEBSR) in order to configure up to 256 channels. Used in
+ conjunction with "hwevent_enable" register as described above.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.stm/port_enable
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Provides access to the stimulus port enable register
+ (STMSPER). Used in conjunction with "port_select" described
+ below.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.stm/port_select
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Used to determine which bank of stimulus port bit in
+ register STMSPER (see above) apply to.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.stm/status
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) List various control and status registers. The specific
+ layout and content is driver specific.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.stm/traceid
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Holds the trace ID that will appear in the trace stream
+ coming from this trace entity.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.stm/label
+Date: Aug 2025
+KernelVersion 6.18
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Read) Show hardware context information of device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-tmc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-tmc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..55e298b9c4a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-tmc
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/trigger_cntr
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Disables write access to the Trace RAM by stopping the
+ formatter after a defined number of words have been stored
+ following the trigger event. Additional interface for this
+ driver are expected to be added as it matures.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/mgmt/rsz
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Defines the size, in 32-bit words, of the local RAM buffer.
+ The value is read directly from HW register RSZ, 0x004.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/mgmt/sts
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the TMC status register. The value
+ is read directly from HW register STS, 0x00C.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/mgmt/rrp
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the TMC RAM Read Pointer register
+ that is used to read entries from the Trace RAM over the APB
+ interface. The value is read directly from HW register RRP,
+ 0x014.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/mgmt/rwp
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the TMC RAM Write Pointer register
+ that is used to sets the write pointer to write entries from
+ the CoreSight bus into the Trace RAM. The value is read directly
+ from HW register RWP, 0x018.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/mgmt/trg
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Similar to "trigger_cntr" above except that this value is
+ read directly from HW register TRG, 0x01C.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/mgmt/ctl
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the TMC Control register. The value
+ is read directly from HW register CTL, 0x020.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/mgmt/ffsr
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the TMC Formatter and Flush Status
+ register. The value is read directly from HW register FFSR,
+ 0x300.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/mgmt/ffcr
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the TMC Formatter and Flush Control
+ register. The value is read directly from HW register FFCR,
+ 0x304.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/mgmt/mode
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Shows the value held by the TMC Mode register, which
+ indicate the mode the device has been configured to enact. The
+ The value is read directly from the MODE register, 0x028.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/mgmt/devid
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the capabilities of the Coresight TMC.
+ The value is read directly from the DEVID register, 0xFC8,
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/buffer_size
+Date: December 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
+Description: (RW) Size of the trace buffer for TMC-ETR when used in SYSFS
+ mode. Writable only for TMC-ETR configurations. The value
+ should be aligned to the kernel pagesize.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/buf_modes_available
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
+Description: (Read) Shows all supported Coresight TMC-ETR buffer modes available
+ for the users to configure explicitly. This file is available only
+ for TMC ETR devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/buf_mode_preferred
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
+Description: (RW) Current Coresight TMC-ETR buffer mode selected. But user could
+ only provide a mode which is supported for a given ETR device. This
+ file is available only for TMC ETR devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<memory_map>.tmc/label
+Date: Aug 2025
+KernelVersion 6.18
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Read) Show hardware context information of device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-tpdm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-tpdm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..98f1c6545027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-tpdm
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/integration_test
+Date: January 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (Write) Run integration test for tpdm. Integration test
+ will generate test data for tpdm. It can help to make
+ sure that the trace path is enabled and the link configurations
+ are fine.
+
+ Accepts only one of the 2 values - 1 or 2.
+ 1 : Generate 64 bits data
+ 2 : Generate 32 bits data
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/reset_dataset
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (Write) Reset the dataset of the tpdm.
+
+ Accepts only one value - 1.
+ 1 : Reset the dataset of the tpdm
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_trig_type
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the trigger type of the DSB for tpdm.
+
+ Accepts only one of the 2 values - 0 or 1.
+ 0 : Set the DSB trigger type to false
+ 1 : Set the DSB trigger type to true
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_trig_ts
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the trigger timestamp of the DSB for tpdm.
+
+ Accepts only one of the 2 values - 0 or 1.
+ 0 : Set the DSB trigger type to false
+ 1 : Set the DSB trigger type to true
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_mode
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the programming mode of the DSB for tpdm.
+
+ Accepts the value needs to be greater than 0. What data
+ bits do is listed below.
+ Bit[0:1] : Test mode control bit for choosing the inputs.
+ Bit[3] : Set to 0 for low performance mode. Set to 1 for high
+ performance mode.
+ Bit[4:8] : Select byte lane for high performance mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_edge/ctrl_idx
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the index number of the edge detection for the DSB
+ subunit TPDM. Since there are at most 256 edge detections, this
+ value ranges from 0 to 255.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_edge/ctrl_val
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ Write a data to control the edge detection corresponding to
+ the index number. Before writing data to this sysfs file,
+ "ctrl_idx" should be written first to configure the index
+ number of the edge detection which needs to be controlled.
+
+ Accepts only one of the following values.
+ 0 - Rising edge detection
+ 1 - Falling edge detection
+ 2 - Rising and falling edge detection (toggle detection)
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_edge/ctrl_mask
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ Write a data to mask the edge detection corresponding to the index
+ number. Before writing data to this sysfs file, "ctrl_idx" should
+ be written first to configure the index number of the edge detection
+ which needs to be masked.
+
+ Accepts only one of the 2 values - 0 or 1.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_edge/edcr[0:15]
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ Read a set of the edge control value of the DSB in TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_edge/edcmr[0:7]
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ Read a set of the edge control mask of the DSB in TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_trig_patt/xpr[0:7]
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the value of the trigger pattern for the DSB
+ subunit TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_trig_patt/xpmr[0:7]
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the mask of the trigger pattern for the DSB
+ subunit TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_patt/tpr[0:7]
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the value of the pattern for the DSB subunit TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_patt/tpmr[0:7]
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the mask of the pattern for the DSB subunit TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_patt/enable_ts
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (Write) Set the pattern timestamp of DSB tpdm. Read
+ the pattern timestamp of DSB tpdm.
+
+ Accepts only one of the 2 values - 0 or 1.
+ 0 : Disable DSB pattern timestamp.
+ 1 : Enable DSB pattern timestamp.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_patt/set_type
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (Write) Set the pattern type of DSB tpdm. Read
+ the pattern type of DSB tpdm.
+
+ Accepts only one of the 2 values - 0 or 1.
+ 0 : Set the DSB pattern type to value.
+ 1 : Set the DSB pattern type to toggle.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_msr/msr[0:31]
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the MSR(mux select register) for the DSB subunit
+ TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/cmb_mode
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Write) Set the data collection mode of CMB tpdm. Continuous
+ change creates CMB data set elements on every CMBCLK edge.
+ Trace-on-change creates CMB data set elements only when a new
+ data set element differs in value from the previous element
+ in a CMB data set.
+
+ Accepts only one of the 2 values - 0 or 1.
+ 0 : Continuous CMB collection mode.
+ 1 : Trace-on-change CMB collection mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/cmb_trig_patt/xpr[0:1]
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the value of the trigger pattern for the CMB
+ subunit TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/cmb_trig_patt/xpmr[0:1]
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the mask of the trigger pattern for the CMB
+ subunit TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_patt/tpr[0:1]
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the value of the pattern for the CMB subunit TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/dsb_patt/tpmr[0:1]
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the mask of the pattern for the CMB subunit TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/cmb_patt/enable_ts
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (Write) Set the pattern timestamp of CMB tpdm. Read
+ the pattern timestamp of CMB tpdm.
+
+ Accepts only one of the 2 values - 0 or 1.
+ 0 : Disable CMB pattern timestamp.
+ 1 : Enable CMB pattern timestamp.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/cmb_trig_ts
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the trigger timestamp of the CMB for tpdm.
+
+ Accepts only one of the 2 values - 0 or 1.
+ 0 : Set the CMB trigger type to false
+ 1 : Set the CMB trigger type to true
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/cmb_ts_all
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Read or write the status of timestamp upon all interface.
+ Only value 0 and 1 can be written to this node. Set this node to 1 to request
+ timestamp to all trace packet.
+ Accepts only one of the 2 values - 0 or 1.
+ 0 : Disable the timestamp of all trace packets.
+ 1 : Enable the timestamp of all trace packets.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/cmb_msr/msr[0:31]
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the MSR(mux select register) for the CMB subunit
+ TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/mcmb_trig_lane
+Date: Feb 2025
+KernelVersion 6.15
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get which lane participates in the output pattern
+ match cross trigger mechanism for the MCMB subunit TPDM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/mcmb_lanes_select
+Date: Feb 2025
+KernelVersion 6.15
+Contact: Jinlong Mao (QUIC) <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>, Tao Zhang (QUIC) <quic_taozha@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Set/Get the enablement of the individual lane.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/<tpdm-name>/label
+Date: Aug 2025
+KernelVersion 6.18
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Read) Show hardware context information of device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-trbe b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-trbe
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8a4b749ed26e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-trbe
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/trbe<cpu>/align
+Date: March 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
+Description: (Read) Shows the TRBE write pointer alignment. This value
+ is fetched from the TRBIDR register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/trbe<cpu>/flag
+Date: March 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
+Description: (Read) Shows if TRBE updates in the memory are with access
+ and dirty flag updates as well. This value is fetched from
+ the TRBIDR register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/trbe<cpu>/label
+Date: Aug 2025
+KernelVersion 6.18
+Contact: Mao Jinlong <quic_jinlmao@quicinc.com>
+Description: (Read) Show hardware context information of device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-ultra_smb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-ultra_smb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f560918ae738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-coresight-devices-ultra_smb
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/ultra_smb<N>/enable_sink
+Date: January 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Junhao He <hejunhao3@huawei.com>
+Description: (RW) Add/remove a SMB device from a trace path. There can be
+ multiple sources for a single SMB device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/ultra_smb<N>/mgmt/buf_size
+Date: January 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Junhao He <hejunhao3@huawei.com>
+Description: (RO) Shows the buffer size of each UltraSoc SMB device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/ultra_smb<N>/mgmt/buf_status
+Date: January 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Junhao He <hejunhao3@huawei.com>
+Description: (RO) Shows the value of UltraSoc SMB status register.
+ BIT(0) is zero means buffer is empty.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/ultra_smb<N>/mgmt/read_pos
+Date: January 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Junhao He <hejunhao3@huawei.com>
+Description: (RO) Shows the value of UltraSoc SMB Read Pointer register.
+
+What: /sys/bus/coresight/devices/ultra_smb<N>/mgmt/write_pos
+Date: January 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Junhao He <hejunhao3@huawei.com>
+Description: (RO) Shows the value of UltraSoc SMB Write Pointer register.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-counter b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-counter
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3e7eddd8aff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-counter
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/cascade_counts_enable
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the cascading of Counts on Counter X.
+
+ Valid attribute values are boolean.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/external_input_phase_clock_select
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Selects the external clock pin for phase counting mode of
+ Counter X.
+
+ MTCLKA-MTCLKB:
+ MTCLKA and MTCLKB pins are selected for the external
+ phase clock.
+
+ MTCLKC-MTCLKD:
+ MTCLKC and MTCLKD pins are selected for the external
+ phase clock.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/external_input_phase_clock_select_available
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Discrete set of available values for the respective device
+ configuration are listed in this file.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/count
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Count data of Count Y represented as a string.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/compare
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If the counter device supports compare registers -- registers
+ used to compare counter channels against a particular count --
+ the compare count for channel Y is provided by this attribute.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/capture
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Historical capture of the Count Y count data.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/ceiling
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Count value ceiling for Count Y. This is the upper limit for the
+ respective counter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/floor
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Count value floor for Count Y. This is the lower limit for the
+ respective counter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/count_mode
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Count mode for channel Y. The ceiling and floor values for
+ Count Y are used by the count mode where required. The following
+ count modes are available:
+
+ normal:
+ Counting is continuous in either direction.
+
+ range limit:
+ An upper or lower limit is set, mimicking limit switches
+ in the mechanical counterpart. The upper limit is set to
+ the Count Y ceiling value, while the lower limit is set
+ to the Count Y floor value. The counter freezes at
+ count = ceiling when counting up, and at count = floor
+ when counting down. At either of these limits, the
+ counting is resumed only when the count direction is
+ reversed.
+
+ non-recycle:
+ The counter is disabled whenever a counter overflow or
+ underflow takes place. The counter is re-enabled when a
+ new count value is loaded to the counter via a preset
+ operation or direct write.
+
+ modulo-n:
+ A count value boundary is set between the Count Y floor
+ value and the Count Y ceiling value. The counter is
+ reset to the Count Y floor value at count = ceiling when
+ counting up, while the counter is set to the Count Y
+ ceiling value at count = floor when counting down; the
+ counter does not freeze at the boundary points, but
+ counts continuously throughout.
+
+ interrupt on terminal count:
+ The output signal is initially low, and will remain low
+ until the counter reaches zero. The output signal then
+ goes high and remains high until a new preset value is
+ set.
+
+ hardware retriggerable one-shot:
+ The output signal is initially high. The output signal
+ will go low by a trigger input signal, and will remain
+ low until the counter reaches zero. The output will then
+ go high and remain high until the next trigger. A
+ trigger results in loading the counter to the preset
+ value and setting the output signal low, thus starting
+ the one-shot pulse.
+
+ rate generator:
+ The output signal is initially high. When the counter
+ has decremented to 1, the output signal goes low for one
+ clock pulse. The output signal then goes high again, the
+ counter is reloaded to the preset value, and the process
+ repeats in a periodic manner as such.
+
+ square wave mode:
+ The output signal is initially high.
+
+ If the initial count is even, the counter is decremented
+ by two on succeeding clock pulses. When the count
+ expires, the output signal changes value and the
+ counter is reloaded to the preset value. The process
+ repeats in periodic manner as such.
+
+ If the initial count is odd, the initial count minus one
+ (an even number) is loaded and then is decremented by
+ two on succeeding clock pulses. One clock pulse after
+ the count expires, the output signal goes low and the
+ counter is reloaded to the preset value minus one.
+ Succeeding clock pulses decrement the count by two. When
+ the count expires, the output goes high again and the
+ counter is reloaded to the preset value minus one. The
+ process repeats in a periodic manner as such.
+
+ software triggered strobe:
+ The output signal is initially high. When the count
+ expires, the output will go low for one clock pulse and
+ then go high again. The counting sequence is "triggered"
+ by setting the preset value.
+
+ hardware triggered strobe:
+ The output signal is initially high. Counting is started
+ by a trigger input signal. When the count expires, the
+ output signal will go low for one clock pulse and then
+ go high again. A trigger results in loading the counter
+ to the preset value.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/count_mode_available
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/error_noise_available
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/function_available
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/prescaler_available
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/signalZ_action_available
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Discrete set of available values for the respective Count Y
+ configuration are listed in this file. Values are delimited by
+ newline characters.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/direction
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that indicates the count direction of Count
+ Y. Two count directions are available: forward and backward.
+
+ Some counter devices are able to determine the direction of
+ their counting. For example, quadrature encoding counters can
+ determine the direction of movement by evaluating the leading
+ phase of the respective A and B quadrature encoding signals.
+ This attribute exposes such count directions.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/enable
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Whether channel Y counter is enabled. Valid attribute values are
+ boolean.
+
+ This attribute is intended to serve as a pause/unpause mechanism
+ for Count Y. Suppose a counter device is used to count the total
+ movement of a conveyor belt: this attribute allows an operator
+ to temporarily pause the counter, service the conveyor belt,
+ and then finally unpause the counter to continue where it had
+ left off.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/error_noise
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that indicates whether excessive noise is
+ present at the channel Y counter inputs.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/function
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Count function mode of Count Y; count function evaluation is
+ triggered by conditions specified by the Count Y signalZ_action
+ attributes. The following count functions are available:
+
+ increase:
+ Accumulated count is incremented.
+
+ decrease:
+ Accumulated count is decremented.
+
+ pulse-direction:
+ Rising edges on signal A updates the respective count.
+ The input level of signal B determines direction.
+
+ quadrature x1 a:
+ If direction is forward, rising edges on quadrature pair
+ signal A updates the respective count; if the direction
+ is backward, falling edges on quadrature pair signal A
+ updates the respective count. Quadrature encoding
+ determines the direction.
+
+ quadrature x1 b:
+ If direction is forward, rising edges on quadrature pair
+ signal B updates the respective count; if the direction
+ is backward, falling edges on quadrature pair signal B
+ updates the respective count. Quadrature encoding
+ determines the direction.
+
+ quadrature x2 a:
+ Any state transition on quadrature pair signal A updates
+ the respective count. Quadrature encoding determines the
+ direction.
+
+ quadrature x2 b:
+ Any state transition on quadrature pair signal B updates
+ the respective count. Quadrature encoding determines the
+ direction.
+
+ quadrature x4:
+ Any state transition on either quadrature pair signals
+ updates the respective count. Quadrature encoding
+ determines the direction.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/name
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that indicates the device-specific name of
+ Count Y. If possible, this should match the name of the
+ respective channel as it appears in the device datasheet.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/prescaler
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Configure the prescaler value associated with Count Y.
+ On the FlexTimer, the counter clock source passes through a
+ prescaler (i.e. a counter). This acts like a clock
+ divider.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/preset
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If the counter device supports preset registers -- registers
+ used to load counter channels to a set count upon device-defined
+ preset operation trigger events -- the preset count for channel
+ Y is provided by this attribute.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/preset_enable
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Whether channel Y counter preset operation is enabled. Valid
+ attribute values are boolean.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/signalZ_action
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Action mode of Count Y for Signal Z. This attribute indicates
+ the condition of Signal Z that triggers the count function
+ evaluation for Count Y. The following action modes are
+ available:
+
+ none:
+ Signal does not trigger the count function. In
+ Pulse-Direction count function mode, this Signal is
+ evaluated as Direction.
+
+ rising edge:
+ Low state transitions to high state.
+
+ falling edge:
+ High state transitions to low state.
+
+ both edges:
+ Any state transition.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/num_overflows
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute indicates the number of overflows of count Y.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/cascade_counts_enable_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/external_input_phase_clock_select_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/capture_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/ceiling_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/compare_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/count_mode_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/direction_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/enable_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/error_noise_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/floor_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/num_overflows_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/prescaler_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/preset_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/preset_enable_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/signalZ_action_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/cable_fault_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/cable_fault_enable_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/filter_clock_prescaler_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/frequency_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/index_polarity_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/polarity_component_id
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/synchronous_mode_component_id
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that indicates the component ID of the
+ respective extension or Synapse.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/countY/spike_filter_ns
+KernelVersion: 5.14
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If the counter device supports programmable spike filter this
+ attribute indicates the value in nanoseconds where noise pulses
+ shorter or equal to configured value are ignored. Value 0 means
+ filter is disabled.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/events_queue_size
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Size of the Counter events queue in number of struct
+ counter_event data structures. The number of elements will be
+ rounded-up to a power of 2.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/name
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that indicates the device-specific name of
+ the Counter. This should match the name of the device as it
+ appears in its respective datasheet.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/num_counts
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that indicates the total number of Counts
+ belonging to the Counter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/num_signals
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that indicates the total number of Signals
+ belonging to the Counter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/cable_fault
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that indicates whether a differential
+ encoder cable fault (not connected or loose wires) is detected
+ for the respective channel of Signal Y. Valid attribute values
+ are boolean. Detection must first be enabled via the
+ corresponding cable_fault_enable attribute.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/cable_fault_enable
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Whether detection of differential encoder cable faults for the
+ respective channel of Signal Y is enabled. Valid attribute
+ values are boolean.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/filter_clock_prescaler
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Filter clock factor for input Signal Y. This prescaler value
+ affects the inputs of both quadrature pair signals.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/index_polarity
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Active level of index input Signal Y; irrelevant in
+ non-synchronous load mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/index_polarity_available
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/synchronous_mode_available
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Discrete set of available values for the respective Signal Y
+ configuration are listed in this file.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/polarity
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Active level of Signal Y. The following polarity values are
+ available:
+
+ positive:
+ Signal high state considered active level (rising edge).
+
+ negative:
+ Signal low state considered active level (falling edge).
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/name
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that indicates the device-specific name of
+ Signal Y. If possible, this should match the name of the
+ respective signal as it appears in the device datasheet.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/signal
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal level state of Signal Y. The following signal level
+ states are available:
+
+ low:
+ Low level state.
+
+ high:
+ High level state.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/synchronous_mode
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Configure the counter associated with Signal Y for
+ non-synchronous or synchronous load mode. Synchronous load mode
+ cannot be selected in non-quadrature (Pulse-Direction) clock
+ mode.
+
+ non-synchronous:
+ A logic low level is the active level at this index
+ input. The index function (as enabled via preset_enable)
+ is performed directly on the active level of the index
+ input.
+
+ synchronous:
+ Intended for interfacing with encoder Index output in
+ quadrature clock mode. The active level is configured
+ via index_polarity. The index function (as enabled via
+ preset_enable) is performed synchronously with the
+ quadrature clock on the active level of the index input.
+
+What: /sys/bus/counter/devices/counterX/signalY/frequency
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that indicates the signal Y frequency, in Hz.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-css b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-css
index b585ec258a08..d4d5cfb63b90 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-css
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-css
@@ -1,35 +1,56 @@
What: /sys/bus/css/devices/.../type
Date: March 2008
-Contact: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
- linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
+Contact: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
Description: Contains the subchannel type, as reported by the hardware.
This attribute is present for all subchannel types.
What: /sys/bus/css/devices/.../modalias
Date: March 2008
-Contact: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
- linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
+Contact: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
Description: Contains the module alias as reported with uevents.
It is of the format css:t<type> and present for all
subchannel types.
What: /sys/bus/css/drivers/io_subchannel/.../chpids
Date: December 2002
-Contact: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
- linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
+Contact: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
Description: Contains the ids of the channel paths used by this
subchannel, as reported by the channel subsystem
during subchannel recognition.
+
Note: This is an I/O-subchannel specific attribute.
Users: s390-tools, HAL
What: /sys/bus/css/drivers/io_subchannel/.../pimpampom
Date: December 2002
-Contact: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
- linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
+Contact: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
Description: Contains the PIM/PAM/POM values, as reported by the
channel subsystem when last queried by the common I/O
- layer (this implies that this attribute is not neccessarily
+ layer (this implies that this attribute is not necessarily
in sync with the values current in the channel subsystem).
+
Note: This is an I/O-subchannel specific attribute.
Users: s390-tools, HAL
+
+What: /sys/bus/css/devices/.../driver_override
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This file allows the driver for a device to be specified. When
+ specified, only a driver with a name matching the value written
+ to driver_override will have an opportunity to bind to the
+ device. The override is specified by writing a string to the
+ driver_override file (echo vfio-ccw > driver_override) and
+ may be cleared with an empty string (echo > driver_override).
+ This returns the device to standard matching rules binding.
+ Writing to driver_override does not automatically unbind the
+ device from its current driver or make any attempt to
+ automatically load the specified driver. If no driver with a
+ matching name is currently loaded in the kernel, the device
+ will not bind to any driver. This also allows devices to
+ opt-out of driver binding using a driver_override name such as
+ "none". Only a single driver may be specified in the override,
+ there is no support for parsing delimiters.
+
+ Note that unlike the mechanism of the same name for pci, this
+ file does not allow to override basic matching rules. I.e.,
+ the driver must still match the subchannel type of the device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-cxl b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-cxl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6b4e8c7a963d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-cxl
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/flush
+Date: January, 2022
+KernelVersion: v5.18
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) If userspace manually unbinds a port the kernel schedules
+ all descendant memdevs for unbind. Writing '1' to this attribute
+ flushes that work.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/firmware_version
+Date: December, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.12
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) "FW Revision" string as reported by the Identify
+ Memory Device Output Payload in the CXL-2.0
+ specification.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/payload_max
+Date: December, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.12
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Maximum size (in bytes) of the mailbox command payload
+ registers. Linux caps this at 1MB if the device reports a
+ larger size.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/label_storage_size
+Date: May, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.13
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Size (in bytes) of the Label Storage Area (LSA).
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/ram/size
+Date: December, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.12
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) "Volatile Only Capacity" as bytes. Represents the
+ identically named field in the Identify Memory Device Output
+ Payload in the CXL-2.0 specification.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/ram/qos_class
+Date: May, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.8
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) For CXL host platforms that support "QoS Telemetry"
+ this attribute conveys a comma delimited list of platform
+ specific cookies that identifies a QoS performance class
+ for the volatile partition of the CXL mem device. These
+ class-ids can be compared against a similar "qos_class"
+ published for a root decoder. While it is not required
+ that the endpoints map their local memory-class to a
+ matching platform class, mismatches are not recommended
+ and there are platform specific performance related
+ side-effects that may result. First class-id is displayed.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/pmem/size
+Date: December, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.12
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) "Persistent Only Capacity" as bytes. Represents the
+ identically named field in the Identify Memory Device Output
+ Payload in the CXL-2.0 specification.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/pmem/qos_class
+Date: May, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.8
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) For CXL host platforms that support "QoS Telemetry"
+ this attribute conveys a comma delimited list of platform
+ specific cookies that identifies a QoS performance class
+ for the persistent partition of the CXL mem device. These
+ class-ids can be compared against a similar "qos_class"
+ published for a root decoder. While it is not required
+ that the endpoints map their local memory-class to a
+ matching platform class, mismatches are not recommended
+ and there are platform specific performance related
+ side-effects that may result. First class-id is displayed.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/serial
+Date: January, 2022
+KernelVersion: v5.18
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) 64-bit serial number per the PCIe Device Serial Number
+ capability. Mandatory for CXL devices, see CXL 2.0 8.1.12.2
+ Memory Device PCIe Capabilities and Extended Capabilities.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/numa_node
+Date: January, 2022
+KernelVersion: v5.18
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) If NUMA is enabled and the platform has affinitized the
+ host PCI device for this memory device, emit the CPU node
+ affinity for this device.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/security/state
+Date: June, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.5
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Reading this file will display the CXL security state for
+ that device. Such states can be: 'disabled', 'sanitize', when
+ a sanitization is currently underway; or those available only
+ for persistent memory: 'locked', 'unlocked' or 'frozen'. This
+ sysfs entry is select/poll capable from userspace to notify
+ upon completion of a sanitize operation.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/security/sanitize
+Date: June, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.5
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) Write a boolean 'true' string value to this attribute to
+ sanitize the device to securely re-purpose or decommission it.
+ This is done by ensuring that all user data and meta-data,
+ whether it resides in persistent capacity, volatile capacity,
+ or the LSA, is made permanently unavailable by whatever means
+ is appropriate for the media type. This functionality requires
+ the device to be disabled, that is, not actively decoding any
+ HPA ranges. This permits avoiding explicit global CPU cache
+ management, relying instead for it to be done when a region
+ transitions between software programmed and hardware committed
+ states. If this file is not present, then there is no hardware
+ support for the operation.
+
+
+What /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/security/erase
+Date: June, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.5
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) Write a boolean 'true' string value to this attribute to
+ secure erase user data by changing the media encryption keys for
+ all user data areas of the device. This functionality requires
+ the device to be disabled, that is, not actively decoding any
+ HPA ranges. This permits avoiding explicit global CPU cache
+ management, relying instead for it to be done when a region
+ transitions between software programmed and hardware committed
+ states. If this file is not present, then there is no hardware
+ support for the operation.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/firmware/
+Date: April, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.5
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Firmware uploader mechanism. The different files under
+ this directory can be used to upload and activate new
+ firmware for CXL devices. The interfaces under this are
+ documented in sysfs-class-firmware.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/*/devtype
+Date: June, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) CXL device objects export the devtype attribute which
+ mirrors the same value communicated in the DEVTYPE environment
+ variable for uevents for devices on the "cxl" bus.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/*/modalias
+Date: December, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.18
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) CXL device objects export the modalias attribute which
+ mirrors the same value communicated in the MODALIAS environment
+ variable for uevents for devices on the "cxl" bus.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/portX/uport
+Date: June, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) CXL port objects are enumerated from either a platform
+ firmware device (ACPI0017 and ACPI0016) or PCIe switch upstream
+ port with CXL component registers. The 'uport' symlink connects
+ the CXL portX object to the device that published the CXL port
+ capability.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/{port,endpoint}X/parent_dport
+Date: January, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.3
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) CXL port objects are instantiated for each upstream port in
+ a CXL/PCIe switch, and for each endpoint to map the
+ corresponding memory device into the CXL port hierarchy. When a
+ descendant CXL port (switch or endpoint) is enumerated it is
+ useful to know which 'dport' object in the parent CXL port
+ routes to this descendant. The 'parent_dport' symlink points to
+ the device representing the downstream port of a CXL switch that
+ routes to {port,endpoint}X.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/portX/dportY
+Date: June, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) CXL port objects are enumerated from either a platform
+ firmware device (ACPI0017 and ACPI0016) or PCIe switch upstream
+ port with CXL component registers. The 'dportY' symlink
+ identifies one or more downstream ports that the upstream port
+ may target in its decode of CXL memory resources. The 'Y'
+ integer reflects the hardware port unique-id used in the
+ hardware decoder target list.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/portX/decoders_committed
+Date: October, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.7
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) A memory device is considered active when any of its
+ decoders are in the "committed" state (See CXL 3.0 8.2.4.19.7
+ CXL HDM Decoder n Control Register). Hotplug and destructive
+ operations like "sanitize" are blocked while device is actively
+ decoding a Host Physical Address range. Note that this number
+ may be elevated without any regionX objects active or even
+ enumerated, as this may be due to decoders established by
+ platform firmware or a previous kernel (kexec).
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y
+Date: June, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) CXL decoder objects are enumerated from either a platform
+ firmware description, or a CXL HDM decoder register set in a
+ PCIe device (see CXL 2.0 section 8.2.5.12 CXL HDM Decoder
+ Capability Structure). The 'X' in decoderX.Y represents the
+ cxl_port container of this decoder, and 'Y' represents the
+ instance id of a given decoder resource.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/{start,size}
+Date: June, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The 'start' and 'size' attributes together convey the
+ physical address base and number of bytes mapped in the
+ decoder's decode window. For decoders of devtype
+ "cxl_decoder_root" the address range is fixed. For decoders of
+ devtype "cxl_decoder_switch" the address is bounded by the
+ decode range of the cxl_port ancestor of the decoder's cxl_port,
+ and dynamically updates based on the active memory regions in
+ that address space.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/locked
+Date: June, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) CXL HDM decoders have the capability to lock the
+ configuration until the next device reset. For decoders of
+ devtype "cxl_decoder_root" there is no standard facility to
+ unlock them. For decoders of devtype "cxl_decoder_switch" a
+ secondary bus reset, of the PCIe bridge that provides the bus
+ for this decoders uport, unlocks / resets the decoder.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/target_list
+Date: June, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Display a comma separated list of the current decoder
+ target configuration. The list is ordered by the current
+ configured interleave order of the decoder's dport instances.
+ Each entry in the list is a dport id.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/cap_{pmem,ram,type2,type3}
+Date: June, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) When a CXL decoder is of devtype "cxl_decoder_root", it
+ represents a fixed memory window identified by platform
+ firmware. A fixed window may only support a subset of memory
+ types. The 'cap_*' attributes indicate whether persistent
+ memory, volatile memory, accelerator memory, and / or expander
+ memory may be mapped behind this decoder's memory window.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/target_type
+Date: June, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) When a CXL decoder is of devtype "cxl_decoder_switch", it
+ can optionally decode either accelerator memory (type-2) or
+ expander memory (type-3). The 'target_type' attribute indicates
+ the current setting which may dynamically change based on what
+ memory regions are activated in this decode hierarchy.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/endpointX/CDAT
+Date: July, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) If this sysfs entry is not present no DOE mailbox was
+ found to support CDAT data. If it is present and the length of
+ the data is 0 reading the CDAT data failed. Otherwise the CDAT
+ data is reported.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/mode
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) When a CXL decoder is of devtype "cxl_decoder_endpoint" it
+ translates from a host physical address range, to a device
+ local address range. Device-local address ranges are further
+ split into a 'ram' (volatile memory) range and 'pmem'
+ (persistent memory) range. The 'mode' attribute emits one of
+ 'ram', 'pmem', or 'none'. The 'none' indicates the decoder is
+ not actively decoding, or no DPA allocation policy has been
+ set.
+
+ 'mode' can be written, when the decoder is in the 'disabled'
+ state, with either 'ram' or 'pmem' to set the boundaries for the
+ next allocation.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/dpa_resource
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) When a CXL decoder is of devtype "cxl_decoder_endpoint",
+ and its 'dpa_size' attribute is non-zero, this attribute
+ indicates the device physical address (DPA) base address of the
+ allocation.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/dpa_size
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) When a CXL decoder is of devtype "cxl_decoder_endpoint" it
+ translates from a host physical address range, to a device local
+ address range. The range, base address plus length in bytes, of
+ DPA allocated to this decoder is conveyed in these 2 attributes.
+ Allocations can be mutated as long as the decoder is in the
+ disabled state. A write to 'dpa_size' releases the previous DPA
+ allocation and then attempts to allocate from the free capacity
+ in the device partition referred to by 'decoderX.Y/mode'.
+ Allocate and free requests can only be performed on the highest
+ instance number disabled decoder with non-zero size. I.e.
+ allocations are enforced to occur in increasing 'decoderX.Y/id'
+ order and frees are enforced to occur in decreasing
+ 'decoderX.Y/id' order.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/interleave_ways
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The number of targets across which this decoder's host
+ physical address (HPA) memory range is interleaved. The device
+ maps every Nth block of HPA (of size ==
+ 'interleave_granularity') to consecutive DPA addresses. The
+ decoder's position in the interleave is determined by the
+ device's (endpoint or switch) switch ancestry. For root
+ decoders their interleave is specified by platform firmware and
+ they only specify a downstream target order for host bridges.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/interleave_granularity
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The number of consecutive bytes of host physical address
+ space this decoder claims at address N before the decode rotates
+ to the next target in the interleave at address N +
+ interleave_granularity (assuming N is aligned to
+ interleave_granularity).
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/create_{pmem,ram}_region
+Date: May, 2022, January, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.0 (pmem), v6.3 (ram)
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Write a string in the form 'regionZ' to start the process
+ of defining a new persistent, or volatile memory region
+ (interleave-set) within the decode range bounded by root decoder
+ 'decoderX.Y'. The value written must match the current value
+ returned from reading this attribute. An atomic compare exchange
+ operation is done on write to assign the requested id to a
+ region and allocate the region-id for the next creation attempt.
+ EBUSY is returned if the region name written does not match the
+ current cached value.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/delete_region
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) Write a string in the form 'regionZ' to delete that region,
+ provided it is currently idle / not bound to a driver.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/qos_class
+Date: May, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.5
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) For CXL host platforms that support "QoS Telemetry" this
+ root-decoder-only attribute conveys a platform specific cookie
+ that identifies a QoS performance class for the CXL Window.
+ This class-id can be compared against a similar "qos_class"
+ published for each memory-type that an endpoint supports. While
+ it is not required that endpoints map their local memory-class
+ to a matching platform class, mismatches are not recommended and
+ there are platform specific side-effects that may result.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/uuid
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Write a unique identifier for the region. This field must
+ be set for persistent regions and it must not conflict with the
+ UUID of another region. For volatile ram regions this
+ attribute is a read-only empty string.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/interleave_granularity
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Set the number of consecutive bytes each device in the
+ interleave set will claim. The possible interleave granularity
+ values are determined by the CXL spec and the participating
+ devices.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/interleave_ways
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Configures the number of devices participating in the
+ region is set by writing this value. Each device will provide
+ 1/interleave_ways of storage for the region.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/size
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) System physical address space to be consumed by the region.
+ When written trigger the driver to allocate space out of the
+ parent root decoder's address space. When read the size of the
+ address space is reported and should match the span of the
+ region's resource attribute. Size shall be set after the
+ interleave configuration parameters. Once set it cannot be
+ changed, only freed by writing 0. The kernel makes no guarantees
+ that data is maintained over an address space freeing event, and
+ there is no guarantee that a free followed by an allocate
+ results in the same address being allocated.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/mode
+Date: January, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.3
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The mode of a region is established at region creation time
+ and dictates the mode of the endpoint decoder that comprise the
+ region. For more details on the possible modes see
+ /sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y/mode
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/resource
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) A region is a contiguous partition of a CXL root decoder
+ address space. Region capacity is allocated by writing to the
+ size attribute, the resulting physical address space determined
+ by the driver is reflected here. It is therefore not useful to
+ read this before writing a value to the size attribute.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/target[0..N]
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Write an endpoint decoder object name to 'targetX' where X
+ is the intended position of the endpoint device in the region
+ interleave and N is the 'interleave_ways' setting for the
+ region. ENXIO is returned if the write results in an impossible
+ to map decode scenario, like the endpoint is unreachable at that
+ position relative to the root decoder interleave. EBUSY is
+ returned if the position in the region is already occupied, or
+ if the region is not in a state to accept interleave
+ configuration changes. EINVAL is returned if the object name is
+ not an endpoint decoder. Once all positions have been
+ successfully written a final validation for decode conflicts is
+ performed before activating the region.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/commit
+Date: May, 2022
+KernelVersion: v6.0
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Write a boolean 'true' string value to this attribute to
+ trigger the region to transition from the software programmed
+ state to the actively decoding in hardware state. The commit
+ operation in addition to validating that the region is in proper
+ configured state, validates that the decoders are being
+ committed in spec mandated order (last committed decoder id +
+ 1), and checks that the hardware accepts the commit request.
+ Reading this value indicates whether the region is committed or
+ not.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX/trigger_poison_list
+Date: April, 2023
+KernelVersion: v6.4
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) When a boolean 'true' is written to this attribute the
+ memdev driver retrieves the poison list from the device. The
+ list consists of addresses that are poisoned, or would result
+ in poison if accessed, and the source of the poison. This
+ attribute is only visible for devices supporting the
+ capability. The retrieved errors are logged as kernel
+ events when cxl_poison event tracing is enabled.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/accessY/read_bandwidth
+ /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/accessY/write_bandwidth
+Date: Jan, 2024
+KernelVersion: v6.9
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The aggregated read or write bandwidth of the region. The
+ number is the accumulated read or write bandwidth of all CXL memory
+ devices that contributes to the region in MB/s. It is
+ identical data that should appear in
+ /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/initiators/read_bandwidth or
+ /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/initiators/write_bandwidth.
+ See Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-node. access0 provides
+ the number to the closest initiator and access1 provides the
+ number to the closest CPU.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/accessY/read_latency
+ /sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/accessY/write_latency
+Date: Jan, 2024
+KernelVersion: v6.9
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The read or write latency of the region. The number is
+ the worst read or write latency of all CXL memory devices that
+ contributes to the region in nanoseconds. It is identical data
+ that should appear in
+ /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/initiators/read_latency or
+ /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/accessY/initiators/write_latency.
+ See Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-node. access0 provides
+ the number to the closest initiator and access1 provides the
+ number to the closest CPU.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/cxl/devices/nvdimm-bridge0/ndbusX/nmemY/cxl/dirty_shutdown
+Date: Feb, 2025
+KernelVersion: v6.15
+Contact: linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The device dirty shutdown count value, which is the number
+ of times the device could have incurred in potential data loss.
+ The count is persistent across power loss and wraps back to 0
+ upon overflow. If this file is not present, the device does not
+ have the necessary support for dirty tracking.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dax b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dax
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b34266bfae49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dax
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+What: /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/align
+Date: October, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RW) Provides a way to specify an alignment for a dax device.
+ Values allowed are constrained by the physical address ranges
+ that back the dax device, and also by arch requirements.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/mapping
+Date: October, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (WO) Provides a way to allocate a mapping range under a dax
+ device. Specified in the format <start>-<end>.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/mapping[0..N]/start
+What: /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/mapping[0..N]/end
+What: /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/mapping[0..N]/page_offset
+Date: October, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) A dax device may have multiple constituent discontiguous
+ address ranges. These are represented by the different
+ 'mappingX' subdirectories. The 'start' attribute indicates the
+ start physical address for the given range. The 'end' attribute
+ indicates the end physical address for the given range. The
+ 'page_offset' attribute indicates the offset of the current
+ range in the dax device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/resource
+Date: June, 2019
+KernelVersion: v5.3
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The resource attribute indicates the starting physical
+ address of a dax device. In case of a device with multiple
+ constituent ranges, it indicates the starting address of the
+ first range.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/size
+Date: October, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RW) The size attribute indicates the total size of a dax
+ device. For creating subdivided dax devices, or for resizing
+ an existing device, the new size can be written to this as
+ part of the reconfiguration process.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/numa_node
+Date: November, 2019
+KernelVersion: v5.5
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) If NUMA is enabled and the platform has affinitized the
+ backing device for this dax device, emit the CPU node
+ affinity for this device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/target_node
+Date: February, 2019
+KernelVersion: v5.1
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The target-node attribute is the Linux numa-node that a
+ device-dax instance may create when it is online. Prior to
+ being online the device's 'numa_node' property reflects the
+ closest online cpu node which is the typical expectation of a
+ device 'numa_node'. Once it is online it becomes its own
+ distinct numa node.
+
+What: $(readlink -f /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y)/../dax_region/available_size
+Date: October, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The available_size attribute tracks available dax region
+ capacity. This only applies to volatile hmem devices, not pmem
+ devices, since pmem devices are defined by nvdimm namespace
+ boundaries.
+
+What: $(readlink -f /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y)/../dax_region/size
+Date: July, 2017
+KernelVersion: v5.1
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The size attribute indicates the size of a given dax region
+ in bytes.
+
+What: $(readlink -f /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y)/../dax_region/align
+Date: October, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The align attribute indicates alignment of the dax region.
+ Changes on align may not always be valid, when say certain
+ mappings were created with 2M and then we switch to 1G. This
+ validates all ranges against the new value being attempted, post
+ resizing.
+
+What: $(readlink -f /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y)/../dax_region/seed
+Date: October, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The seed device is a concept for dynamic dax regions to be
+ able to split the region amongst multiple sub-instances. The
+ seed device, similar to libnvdimm seed devices, is a device
+ that starts with zero capacity allocated and unbound to a
+ driver.
+
+What: $(readlink -f /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y)/../dax_region/create
+Date: October, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RW) The create interface to the dax region provides a way to
+ create a new unconfigured dax device under the given region, which
+ can then be configured (with a size etc.) and then probed.
+
+What: $(readlink -f /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y)/../dax_region/delete
+Date: October, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (WO) The delete interface for a dax region provides for deletion
+ of any 0-sized and idle dax devices.
+
+What: $(readlink -f /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y)/../dax_region/id
+Date: July, 2017
+KernelVersion: v5.1
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The id attribute indicates the region id of a dax region.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/memmap_on_memory
+Date: January, 2024
+KernelVersion: v6.8
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RW) Control the memmap_on_memory setting if the dax device
+ were to be hotplugged as system memory. This determines whether
+ the 'altmap' for the hotplugged memory will be placed on the
+ device being hotplugged (memmap_on_memory=1) or if it will be
+ placed on regular memory (memmap_on_memory=0). This attribute
+ must be set before the device is handed over to the 'kmem'
+ driver (i.e. hotplugged into system-ram). Additionally, this
+ depends on CONFIG_MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY, and a globally enabled
+ memmap_on_memory parameter for memory_hotplug. This is
+ typically set on the kernel command line -
+ memory_hotplug.memmap_on_memory set to 'true' or 'force'."
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dfl b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dfl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b0265ab17200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dfl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/bus/dfl/devices/dfl_dev.X/type
+Date: Aug 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns type of DFL FIU of the device. Now DFL
+ supports 2 FIU types, 0 for FME, 1 for PORT.
+
+ Format: 0x%x
+
+What: /sys/bus/dfl/devices/dfl_dev.X/feature_id
+Date: Aug 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns feature identifier local to its DFL FIU
+ type.
+
+ Format: 0x%x
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dfl-devices-emif b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dfl-devices-emif
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..817d14126d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dfl-devices-emif
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/bus/dfl/devices/dfl_dev.X/infX_cal_fail
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It indicates if the calibration failed on this
+ memory interface. "1" for calibration failure, "0" for OK.
+ Format: %u
+
+What: /sys/bus/dfl/devices/dfl_dev.X/infX_init_done
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It indicates if the initialization completed on
+ this memory interface. "1" for initialization complete, "0"
+ for not yet.
+ Format: %u
+
+What: /sys/bus/dfl/devices/dfl_dev.X/infX_clear
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Write-only. Writing "1" to this file will zero out all memory
+ data in this memory interface. Writing of other values is
+ invalid.
+ Format: %u
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dfl-devices-n3000-nios b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dfl-devices-n3000-nios
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5335d742bcaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-dfl-devices-n3000-nios
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+What: /sys/bus/dfl/devices/dfl_dev.X/fec_mode
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Returns the FEC mode of the 25G links of the
+ ethernet retimers configured by Nios firmware. "rs" for Reed
+ Solomon FEC, "kr" for Fire Code FEC, "no" for NO FEC.
+ "not supported" if the FEC mode setting is not supported, this
+ happens when the Nios firmware version major < 3, or no link is
+ configured to 25G.
+ Format: string
+
+What: /sys/bus/dfl/devices/dfl_dev.X/retimer_A_mode
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Returns the enumeration value of the working mode of
+ the retimer A configured by the Nios firmware. The value is
+ read out from shared registers filled by the Nios firmware. Now
+ the values could be:
+
+ - "0": Reset
+ - "1": 4x10G
+ - "2": 4x25G
+ - "3": 2x25G
+ - "4": 2x25G+2x10G
+ - "5": 1x25G
+
+ If the Nios firmware is updated in future to support more
+ retimer modes, more enumeration value is expected.
+ Format: 0x%x
+
+What: /sys/bus/dfl/devices/dfl_dev.X/retimer_B_mode
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Returns the enumeration value of the working mode of
+ the retimer B configured by the Nios firmware. The value format
+ is the same as retimer_A_mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/dfl/devices/dfl_dev.X/nios_fw_version
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Returns the version of the Nios firmware in the
+ FPGA. Its format is "major.minor.patch".
+ Format: %x.%x.%x
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..79b268319df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<pmu>
+Date: 2014/02/24
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Performance Monitoring Unit (<pmu>)
+
+ Each <pmu> directory, for a PMU device, is a name
+ optionally followed by an underscore and then either a
+ decimal or hexadecimal number. For example, cpu is a
+ PMU name without a suffix as is intel_bts,
+ uncore_imc_0 is a PMU name with a 0 numeric suffix,
+ ddr_pmu_87e1b0000000 is a PMU name with a hex
+ suffix. The hex suffix must be more than two
+ characters long to avoid ambiguity with PMUs like the
+ S390 cpum_cf.
+
+ Tools can treat PMUs with the same name that differ by
+ suffix as instances of the same PMU for the sake of,
+ for example, opening an event. For example, the PMUs
+ uncore_imc_free_running_0 and
+ uncore_imc_free_running_1 have an event data_read;
+ opening the data_read event on a PMU specified as
+ uncore_imc_free_running should be treated as opening
+ the data_read event on PMU uncore_imc_free_running_0
+ and PMU uncore_imc_free_running_1.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-caps b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-caps
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a5f506f7d481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-caps
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<dev>/caps
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Attribute group to describe the capabilities exposed
+ for a particular pmu. Each attribute of this group can
+ expose information specific to a PMU, say pmu_name, so that
+ userspace can understand some of the feature which the
+ platform specific PMU supports.
+
+ One of the example available capability in supported platform
+ like Intel is pmu_name, which exposes underlying CPU name known
+ to the PMU driver.
+
+ Example output in powerpc:
+ grep . /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/caps/*
+ /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/caps/pmu_name:POWER9
+
+ The "branch_counter_nr" in the supported platform exposes the
+ maximum number of counters which can be shown in the u64 counters
+ of PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COUNTERS, while the "branch_counter_width"
+ exposes the width of each counter. Both of them can be used by
+ the perf tool to parse the logged counters in each branch.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-dfl_fme b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-dfl_fme
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..63a32ddcb95e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-dfl_fme
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/dfl_fmeX/format
+Date: April 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Attribute group to describe the magic bits
+ that go into perf_event_attr.config for a particular pmu.
+ (See ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format).
+
+ Each attribute under this group defines a bit range of the
+ perf_event_attr.config. All supported attributes are listed
+ below::
+
+ event = "config:0-11" - event ID
+ evtype = "config:12-15" - event type
+ portid = "config:16-23" - event source
+
+ For example::
+
+ fab_mmio_read = "event=0x06,evtype=0x02,portid=0xff"
+
+ It shows this fab_mmio_read is a fabric type (0x02) event with
+ 0x06 local event id for overall monitoring (portid=0xff).
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/dfl_fmeX/cpumask
+Date: April 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. This file always returns cpu which the PMU is bound
+ for access to all fme pmu performance monitoring events.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/dfl_fmeX/events
+Date: April 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Attribute group to describe performance monitoring
+ events specific to fme. Each attribute in this group describes
+ a single performance monitoring event supported by this fme pmu.
+ The name of the file is the name of the event.
+ (See ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-events).
+
+ All supported performance monitoring events are listed below.
+
+ Basic events (evtype=0x00)::
+
+ clock = "event=0x00,evtype=0x00,portid=0xff"
+
+ Cache events (evtype=0x01)::
+
+ cache_read_hit = "event=0x00,evtype=0x01,portid=0xff"
+ cache_read_miss = "event=0x01,evtype=0x01,portid=0xff"
+ cache_write_hit = "event=0x02,evtype=0x01,portid=0xff"
+ cache_write_miss = "event=0x03,evtype=0x01,portid=0xff"
+ cache_hold_request = "event=0x05,evtype=0x01,portid=0xff"
+ cache_data_write_port_contention =
+ "event=0x06,evtype=0x01,portid=0xff"
+ cache_tag_write_port_contention =
+ "event=0x07,evtype=0x01,portid=0xff"
+ cache_tx_req_stall = "event=0x08,evtype=0x01,portid=0xff"
+ cache_rx_req_stall = "event=0x09,evtype=0x01,portid=0xff"
+ cache_eviction = "event=0x0a,evtype=0x01,portid=0xff"
+
+ Fabric events (evtype=0x02)::
+
+ fab_pcie0_read = "event=0x00,evtype=0x02,portid=0xff"
+ fab_pcie0_write = "event=0x01,evtype=0x02,portid=0xff"
+ fab_pcie1_read = "event=0x02,evtype=0x02,portid=0xff"
+ fab_pcie1_write = "event=0x03,evtype=0x02,portid=0xff"
+ fab_upi_read = "event=0x04,evtype=0x02,portid=0xff"
+ fab_upi_write = "event=0x05,evtype=0x02,portid=0xff"
+ fab_mmio_read = "event=0x06,evtype=0x02,portid=0xff"
+ fab_mmio_write = "event=0x07,evtype=0x02,portid=0xff"
+ fab_port_pcie0_read = "event=0x00,evtype=0x02,portid=?"
+ fab_port_pcie0_write = "event=0x01,evtype=0x02,portid=?"
+ fab_port_pcie1_read = "event=0x02,evtype=0x02,portid=?"
+ fab_port_pcie1_write = "event=0x03,evtype=0x02,portid=?"
+ fab_port_upi_read = "event=0x04,evtype=0x02,portid=?"
+ fab_port_upi_write = "event=0x05,evtype=0x02,portid=?"
+ fab_port_mmio_read = "event=0x06,evtype=0x02,portid=?"
+ fab_port_mmio_write = "event=0x07,evtype=0x02,portid=?"
+
+ VTD events (evtype=0x03)::
+
+ vtd_port_read_transaction = "event=0x00,evtype=0x03,portid=?"
+ vtd_port_write_transaction = "event=0x01,evtype=0x03,portid=?"
+ vtd_port_devtlb_read_hit = "event=0x02,evtype=0x03,portid=?"
+ vtd_port_devtlb_write_hit = "event=0x03,evtype=0x03,portid=?"
+ vtd_port_devtlb_4k_fill = "event=0x04,evtype=0x03,portid=?"
+ vtd_port_devtlb_2m_fill = "event=0x05,evtype=0x03,portid=?"
+ vtd_port_devtlb_1g_fill = "event=0x06,evtype=0x03,portid=?"
+
+ VTD SIP events (evtype=0x04)::
+
+ vtd_sip_iotlb_4k_hit = "event=0x00,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_iotlb_2m_hit = "event=0x01,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_iotlb_1g_hit = "event=0x02,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_slpwc_l3_hit = "event=0x03,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_slpwc_l4_hit = "event=0x04,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_rcc_hit = "event=0x05,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_iotlb_4k_miss = "event=0x06,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_iotlb_2m_miss = "event=0x07,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_iotlb_1g_miss = "event=0x08,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_slpwc_l3_miss = "event=0x09,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_slpwc_l4_miss = "event=0x0a,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
+ vtd_sip_rcc_miss = "event=0x0b,evtype=0x04,portid=0xff"
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-dsa b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-dsa
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3c7d132281b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-dsa
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/dsa*/format
+Date: April 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: Tom Zanussi <tom.zanussi@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Attribute group to describe the magic bits
+ that go into perf_event_attr.config or
+ perf_event_attr.config1 for the IDXD DSA pmu. (See also
+ ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format).
+
+ Each attribute in this group defines a bit range in
+ perf_event_attr.config or perf_event_attr.config1.
+ All supported attributes are listed below (See the
+ IDXD DSA Spec for possible attribute values)::
+
+ event_category = "config:0-3" - event category
+ event = "config:4-31" - event ID
+
+ filter_wq = "config1:0-31" - workqueue filter
+ filter_tc = "config1:32-39" - traffic class filter
+ filter_pgsz = "config1:40-43" - page size filter
+ filter_sz = "config1:44-51" - transfer size filter
+ filter_eng = "config1:52-59" - engine filter
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/dsa*/cpumask
+Date: April 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: Tom Zanussi <tom.zanussi@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. This file always returns the cpu to which the
+ IDXD DSA pmu is bound for access to all dsa pmu
+ performance monitoring events.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-events b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-events
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0fe1b9487202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-events
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+What: /sys/devices/cpu/events/
+ /sys/devices/cpu/events/branch-misses
+ /sys/devices/cpu/events/cache-references
+ /sys/devices/cpu/events/cache-misses
+ /sys/devices/cpu/events/stalled-cycles-frontend
+ /sys/devices/cpu/events/branch-instructions
+ /sys/devices/cpu/events/stalled-cycles-backend
+ /sys/devices/cpu/events/instructions
+ /sys/devices/cpu/events/cpu-cycles
+
+Date: 2013/01/08
+
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+
+Description: Generic performance monitoring events
+
+ A collection of performance monitoring events that may be
+ supported by many/most CPUs. These events can be monitored
+ using the 'perf(1)' tool.
+
+ The contents of each file would look like:
+
+ event=0xNNNN
+
+ where 'N' is a hex digit and the number '0xNNNN' shows the
+ "raw code" for the perf event identified by the file's
+ "basename".
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<pmu>/events/<event>
+Date: 2014/02/24
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Per-pmu performance monitoring events specific to the running system
+
+ Each file (except for some of those with a '.' in them, '.unit'
+ and '.scale') in the 'events' directory describes a single
+ performance monitoring event supported by the <pmu>. The name
+ of the file is the name of the event.
+
+ As performance monitoring event names are case insensitive
+ in the perf tool, the perf tool only looks for all lower
+ case or all upper case event names in sysfs to avoid
+ scanning the directory. It is therefore required the
+ name of the event here is either completely lower or upper
+ case, with no mixed-case characters. Numbers, '.', '_', and
+ '-' are also allowed.
+
+ File contents:
+
+ <term>[=<value>][,<term>[=<value>]]...
+
+ Where <term> is one of the terms listed under
+ /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<pmu>/format/ and <value> is
+ a number is base-16 format with a '0x' prefix (lowercase only).
+ If a <term> is specified alone (without an assigned value), it
+ is implied that 0x1 is assigned to that <term>.
+
+ Examples (each of these lines would be in a separate file):
+
+ event=0x2abc
+ event=0x423,inv,cmask=0x3
+ domain=0x1,offset=0x8,starting_index=0xffff
+ domain=0x1,offset=0x8,core=?
+
+ Each of the assignments indicates a value to be assigned to a
+ particular set of bits (as defined by the format file
+ corresponding to the <term>) in the perf_event structure passed
+ to the perf_open syscall.
+
+ In the case of the last example, a value replacing "?" would
+ need to be provided by the user selecting the particular event.
+ This is referred to as "event parameterization". Event
+ parameters have the format 'param=?'.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<pmu>/events/<event>.unit
+Date: 2014/02/24
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Perf event units
+
+ A string specifying the English plural numerical unit that <event>
+ (once multiplied by <event>.scale) represents.
+
+ Example:
+
+ Joules
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<pmu>/events/<event>.scale
+Date: 2014/02/24
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Perf event scaling factors
+
+ A string representing a floating point value expressed in
+ scientific notation to be multiplied by the event count
+ received from the kernel to match the unit specified in the
+ <event>.unit file.
+
+ Example:
+
+ 2.3283064365386962890625e-10
+
+ This is provided to avoid performing floating point arithmetic
+ in the kernel.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..df7ccc1b2fba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/<dev>/format
+Date: January 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ Attribute group to describe the magic bits that go into
+ perf_event_attr::config[012] for a particular pmu.
+ Each attribute of this group defines the 'hardware' bitmask
+ we want to export, so that userspace can deal with sane
+ name/value pairs.
+
+ Userspace must be prepared for the possibility that attributes
+ define overlapping bit ranges. For example::
+
+ attr1 = 'config:0-23'
+ attr2 = 'config:0-7'
+ attr3 = 'config:12-35'
+
+ Example: 'config1:1,6-10,44'
+ Defines contents of attribute that occupies bits 1,6-10,44 of
+ perf_event_attr::config1.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-hisi_ptt b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-hisi_ptt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1119766564d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-hisi_ptt
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/tune
+Date: October 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: This directory contains files for tuning the PCIe link
+ parameters(events). Each file is named after the event
+ of the PCIe link.
+
+ See Documentation/trace/hisi-ptt.rst for more information.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/tune/qos_tx_cpl
+Date: October 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: (RW) Controls the weight of Tx completion TLPs, which influence
+ the proportion of outbound completion TLPs on the PCIe link.
+ The available tune data is [0, 1, 2]. Writing a negative value
+ will return an error, and out of range values will be converted
+ to 2. The value indicates a probable level of the event.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/tune/qos_tx_np
+Date: October 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: (RW) Controls the weight of Tx non-posted TLPs, which influence
+ the proportion of outbound non-posted TLPs on the PCIe link.
+ The available tune data is [0, 1, 2]. Writing a negative value
+ will return an error, and out of range values will be converted
+ to 2. The value indicates a probable level of the event.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/tune/qos_tx_p
+Date: October 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: (RW) Controls the weight of Tx posted TLPs, which influence the
+ proportion of outbound posted TLPs on the PCIe link.
+ The available tune data is [0, 1, 2]. Writing a negative value
+ will return an error, and out of range values will be converted
+ to 2. The value indicates a probable level of the event.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/tune/rx_alloc_buf_level
+Date: October 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: (RW) Control the allocated buffer watermark for inbound packets.
+ The packets will be stored in the buffer first and then transmitted
+ either when the watermark reached or when timed out.
+ The available tune data is [0, 1, 2]. Writing a negative value
+ will return an error, and out of range values will be converted
+ to 2. The value indicates a probable level of the event.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/tune/tx_alloc_buf_level
+Date: October 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: (RW) Control the allocated buffer watermark of outbound packets.
+ The packets will be stored in the buffer first and then transmitted
+ either when the watermark reached or when timed out.
+ The available tune data is [0, 1, 2]. Writing a negative value
+ will return an error, and out of range values will be converted
+ to 2. The value indicates a probable level of the event.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/root_port_filters
+Date: May 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: This directory contains the files providing the PCIe Root Port filters
+ information used for PTT trace. Each file is named after the supported
+ Root Port device name <domain>:<bus>:<device>.<function>.
+
+ See the description of the "filter" in Documentation/trace/hisi-ptt.rst
+ for more information.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/root_port_filters/multiselect
+Date: May 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: (Read) Indicates if this kind of filter can be selected at the same
+ time as others filters, or must be used on it's own. 1 indicates
+ the former case and 0 indicates the latter.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/root_port_filters/<bdf>
+Date: May 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the filter value of this Root Port filter, which
+ can be used to control the TLP headers to trace by the PTT trace.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/requester_filters
+Date: May 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: This directory contains the files providing the PCIe Requester filters
+ information used for PTT trace. Each file is named after the supported
+ Endpoint device name <domain>:<bus>:<device>.<function>.
+
+ See the description of the "filter" in Documentation/trace/hisi-ptt.rst
+ for more information.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/requester_filters/multiselect
+Date: May 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: (Read) Indicates if this kind of filter can be selected at the same
+ time as others filters, or must be used on it's own. 1 indicates
+ the former case and 0 indicates the latter.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hisi_ptt<sicl_id>_<core_id>/requester_filters/<bdf>
+Date: May 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com>
+Description: (Read) Indicates the filter value of this Requester filter, which
+ can be used to control the TLP headers to trace by the PTT trace.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-hv_24x7 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-hv_24x7
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..de390a010af8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-hv_24x7
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_24x7/format
+Date: September 2020
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Read-only. Attribute group to describe the magic bits
+ that go into perf_event_attr.config for a particular pmu.
+ (See ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format).
+
+ Each attribute under this group defines a bit range of the
+ perf_event_attr.config. All supported attributes are listed
+ below::
+
+ chip = "config:16-31"
+ core = "config:16-31"
+ domain = "config:0-3"
+ lpar = "config:0-15"
+ offset = "config:32-63"
+ vcpu = "config:16-31"
+
+ For example::
+
+ PM_PB_CYC = "domain=1,offset=0x80,chip=?,lpar=0x0"
+
+ In this event, '?' after chip specifies that
+ this value will be provided by user while running this event.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_24x7/interface/catalog
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ Provides access to the binary "24x7 catalog" provided by the
+ hypervisor on POWER7 and 8 systems. This catalog lists events
+ available from the powerpc "hv_24x7" pmu. Its format is
+ documented here:
+ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jmesmon/catalog-24x7/master/hv-24x7-catalog.h
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_24x7/interface/catalog_length
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ A number equal to the length in bytes of the catalog. This is
+ also extractable from the provided binary "catalog" sysfs entry.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_24x7/interface/catalog_version
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ Exposes the "version" field of the 24x7 catalog. This is also
+ extractable from the provided binary "catalog" sysfs entry.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hv_24x7/interface/sockets
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: read only
+ This sysfs interface exposes the number of sockets present in the
+ system.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hv_24x7/interface/chipspersocket
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: read only
+ This sysfs interface exposes the number of chips per socket
+ present in the system.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hv_24x7/interface/coresperchip
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: read only
+ This sysfs interface exposes the number of cores per chip
+ present in the system.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hv_24x7/cpumask
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: read only
+ This sysfs file exposes the cpumask which is designated to make
+ HCALLs to retrieve hv-24x7 pmu event counter data.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_24x7/event_descs/<event-name>
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ Provides the description of a particular event as provided by
+ the firmware. If firmware does not provide a description, no
+ file will be created.
+
+ Note that the event-name lacks the domain suffix appended for
+ events in the events/ dir.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_24x7/event_long_descs/<event-name>
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ Provides the "long" description of a particular event as
+ provided by the firmware. If firmware does not provide a
+ description, no file will be created.
+
+ Note that the event-name lacks the domain suffix appended for
+ events in the events/ dir.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-hv_gpci b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-hv_gpci
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..40f7cd240591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-hv_gpci
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_gpci/format
+Date: September 2020
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Read-only. Attribute group to describe the magic bits
+ that go into perf_event_attr.config for a particular pmu.
+ (See ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format).
+
+ Each attribute under this group defines a bit range of the
+ perf_event_attr.config. All supported attributes are listed
+ below::
+
+ counter_info_version = "config:16-23"
+ length = "config:24-31"
+ partition_id = "config:32-63"
+ request = "config:0-31"
+ sibling_part_id = "config:32-63"
+ hw_chip_id = "config:32-63"
+ offset = "config:32-63"
+ phys_processor_idx = "config:32-63"
+ secondary_index = "config:0-15"
+ starting_index = "config:32-63"
+
+ For example::
+
+ processor_core_utilization_instructions_completed = "request=0x94,
+ phys_processor_idx=?,counter_info_version=0x8,
+ length=8,offset=0x18"
+
+ In this event, '?' after phys_processor_idx specifies this value
+ this value will be provided by user while running this event.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_gpci/interface/collect_privileged
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ '0' if the hypervisor is configured to forbid access to event
+ counters being accumulated by other guests and to physical
+ domain event counters.
+
+ '1' if that access is allowed.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_gpci/interface/ga
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ 0 or 1. Indicates whether we have access to "GA" events (listed
+ in arch/powerpc/perf/hv-gpci.h).
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_gpci/interface/expanded
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ 0 or 1. Indicates whether we have access to "EXPANDED" events (listed
+ in arch/powerpc/perf/hv-gpci.h).
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_gpci/interface/lab
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ 0 or 1. Indicates whether we have access to "LAB" events (listed
+ in arch/powerpc/perf/hv-gpci.h).
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_gpci/interface/version
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ A number indicating the version of the gpci interface that the
+ hypervisor reports supporting.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/hv_gpci/interface/kernel_version
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description:
+ A number indicating the latest version of the gpci interface
+ that the kernel is aware of.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hv_gpci/cpumask
+Date: October 2020
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: read only
+ This sysfs file exposes the cpumask which is designated to make
+ HCALLs to retrieve hv-gpci pmu event counter data.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hv_gpci/interface/processor_bus_topology
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: admin read only
+ This sysfs file exposes the system topology information by making HCALL
+ H_GET_PERF_COUNTER_INFO. The HCALL is made with counter request value
+ PROCESSOR_BUS_TOPOLOGY(0xD0).
+
+ * This sysfs file will be created only for power10 and above platforms.
+
+ * User needs root privileges to read data from this sysfs file.
+
+ * This sysfs file will be created, only when the HCALL returns "H_SUCCESS",
+ "H_AUTHORITY" or "H_PARAMETER" as the return type.
+
+ HCALL with return error type "H_AUTHORITY" can be resolved during
+ runtime by setting "Enable Performance Information Collection" option.
+
+ * The end user reading this sysfs file must decode the content as per
+ underlying platform/firmware.
+
+ Possible error codes while reading this sysfs file:
+
+ * "-EPERM" : Partition is not permitted to retrieve performance information,
+ required to set "Enable Performance Information Collection" option.
+
+ * "-EIO" : Can't retrieve system information because of invalid buffer length/invalid address
+ or because of some hardware error. Refer to getPerfCountInfo documentation for
+ more information.
+
+ * "-EFBIG" : System information exceeds PAGE_SIZE.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hv_gpci/interface/processor_config
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: admin read only
+ This sysfs file exposes the system topology information by making HCALL
+ H_GET_PERF_COUNTER_INFO. The HCALL is made with counter request value
+ PROCESSOR_CONFIG(0x90).
+
+ * This sysfs file will be created only for power10 and above platforms.
+
+ * User needs root privileges to read data from this sysfs file.
+
+ * This sysfs file will be created, only when the HCALL returns "H_SUCCESS",
+ "H_AUTHORITY" or "H_PARAMETER" as the return type.
+
+ HCALL with return error type "H_AUTHORITY" can be resolved during
+ runtime by setting "Enable Performance Information Collection" option.
+
+ * The end user reading this sysfs file must decode the content as per
+ underlying platform/firmware.
+
+ Possible error codes while reading this sysfs file:
+
+ * "-EPERM" : Partition is not permitted to retrieve performance information,
+ required to set "Enable Performance Information Collection" option.
+
+ * "-EIO" : Can't retrieve system information because of invalid buffer length/invalid address
+ or because of some hardware error. Refer to getPerfCountInfo documentation for
+ more information.
+
+ * "-EFBIG" : System information exceeds PAGE_SIZE.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hv_gpci/interface/affinity_domain_via_virtual_processor
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: admin read only
+ This sysfs file exposes the system topology information by making HCALL
+ H_GET_PERF_COUNTER_INFO. The HCALL is made with counter request value
+ AFFINITY_DOMAIN_INFORMATION_BY_VIRTUAL_PROCESSOR(0xA0).
+
+ * This sysfs file will be created only for power10 and above platforms.
+
+ * User needs root privileges to read data from this sysfs file.
+
+ * This sysfs file will be created, only when the HCALL returns "H_SUCCESS",
+ "H_AUTHORITY" or "H_PARAMETER" as the return type.
+
+ HCALL with return error type "H_AUTHORITY" can be resolved during
+ runtime by setting "Enable Performance Information Collection" option.
+
+ * The end user reading this sysfs file must decode the content as per
+ underlying platform/firmware.
+
+ Possible error codes while reading this sysfs file:
+
+ * "-EPERM" : Partition is not permitted to retrieve performance information,
+ required to set "Enable Performance Information Collection" option.
+
+ * "-EIO" : Can't retrieve system information because of invalid buffer length/invalid address
+ or because of some hardware error. Refer to getPerfCountInfo documentation for
+ more information.
+
+ * "-EFBIG" : System information exceeds PAGE_SIZE.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hv_gpci/interface/affinity_domain_via_domain
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: admin read only
+ This sysfs file exposes the system topology information by making HCALL
+ H_GET_PERF_COUNTER_INFO. The HCALL is made with counter request value
+ AFFINITY_DOMAIN_INFORMATION_BY_DOMAIN(0xB0).
+
+ * This sysfs file will be created only for power10 and above platforms.
+
+ * User needs root privileges to read data from this sysfs file.
+
+ * This sysfs file will be created, only when the HCALL returns "H_SUCCESS",
+ "H_AUTHORITY" or "H_PARAMETER" as the return type.
+
+ HCALL with return error type "H_AUTHORITY" can be resolved during
+ runtime by setting "Enable Performance Information Collection" option.
+
+ * The end user reading this sysfs file must decode the content as per
+ underlying platform/firmware.
+
+ Possible error codes while reading this sysfs file:
+
+ * "-EPERM" : Partition is not permitted to retrieve performance information,
+ required to set "Enable Performance Information Collection" option.
+
+ * "-EIO" : Can't retrieve system information because of invalid buffer length/invalid address
+ or because of some hardware error. Refer to getPerfCountInfo documentation for
+ more information.
+
+ * "-EFBIG" : System information exceeds PAGE_SIZE.
+
+What: /sys/devices/hv_gpci/interface/affinity_domain_via_partition
+Date: July 2023
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: admin read only
+ This sysfs file exposes the system topology information by making HCALL
+ H_GET_PERF_COUNTER_INFO. The HCALL is made with counter request value
+ AFFINITY_DOMAIN_INFORMATION_BY_PARTITION(0xB1).
+
+ * This sysfs file will be created only for power10 and above platforms.
+
+ * User needs root privileges to read data from this sysfs file.
+
+ * This sysfs file will be created, only when the HCALL returns "H_SUCCESS",
+ "H_AUTHORITY" or "H_PARAMETER" as the return type.
+
+ HCALL with return error type "H_AUTHORITY" can be resolved during
+ runtime by setting "Enable Performance Information Collection" option.
+
+ * The end user reading this sysfs file must decode the content as per
+ underlying platform/firmware.
+
+ Possible error codes while reading this sysfs file:
+
+ * "-EPERM" : Partition is not permitted to retrieve performance information,
+ required to set "Enable Performance Information Collection" option.
+
+ * "-EIO" : Can't retrieve system information because of invalid buffer length/invalid address
+ or because of some hardware error. Refer to getPerfCountInfo documentation for
+ more information.
+
+ * "-EFBIG" : System information exceeds PAGE_SIZE.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-iommu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-iommu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d7af4919302e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-iommu
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/dmar*/format
+Date: Jan 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Attribute group to describe the magic bits
+ that go into perf_event_attr.config,
+ perf_event_attr.config1 or perf_event_attr.config2 for
+ the IOMMU pmu. (See also
+ ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format).
+
+ Each attribute in this group defines a bit range in
+ perf_event_attr.config, perf_event_attr.config1,
+ or perf_event_attr.config2. All supported attributes
+ are listed below (See the VT-d Spec 4.0 for possible
+ attribute values)::
+
+ event = "config:0-27" - event ID
+ event_group = "config:28-31" - event group ID
+
+ filter_requester_en = "config1:0" - Enable Requester ID filter
+ filter_domain_en = "config1:1" - Enable Domain ID filter
+ filter_pasid_en = "config1:2" - Enable PASID filter
+ filter_ats_en = "config1:3" - Enable Address Type filter
+ filter_page_table_en= "config1:4" - Enable Page Table Level filter
+ filter_requester_id = "config1:16-31" - Requester ID filter
+ filter_domain = "config1:32-47" - Domain ID filter
+ filter_pasid = "config2:0-21" - PASID filter
+ filter_ats = "config2:24-28" - Address Type filter
+ filter_page_table = "config2:32-36" - Page Table Level filter
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/dmar*/cpumask
+Date: Jan 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. This file always returns the CPU to which the
+ IOMMU pmu is bound for access to all IOMMU pmu performance
+ monitoring events.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-uncore b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-uncore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b56e8f019fd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-uncore
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/uncore_*/alias
+Date: June 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Read-only. An attribute to describe the alias name of
+ the uncore PMU if an alias exists on some platforms.
+ The 'perf(1)' tool should treat both names the same.
+ They both can be used to access the uncore PMU.
+
+ Example:
+
+ $ cat /sys/devices/uncore_cha_2/alias
+ uncore_type_0_2
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-vpa-dtl b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-vpa-dtl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7b7c789a5cf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-vpa-dtl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/vpa_dtl/format
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev at lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Read-only. Attribute group to describe the magic bits
+ that go into perf_event_attr.config for a particular pmu.
+ (See ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format).
+
+ Each attribute under this group defines a bit range of the
+ perf_event_attr.config. Supported attribute are listed
+ below::
+
+ event = "config:0-7" - event ID
+
+ For example::
+
+ dtl_cede = "event=0x1"
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/vpa_dtl/events
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev at lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: (RO) Attribute group to describe performance monitoring events
+ for the Virtual Processor Dispatch Trace Log. Each attribute in
+ this group describes a single performance monitoring event
+ supported by vpa_dtl pmu. The name of the file is the name of
+ the event (See ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-events).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-vpa-pmu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-vpa-pmu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a116aee9709a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-vpa-pmu
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/vpa_pmu/format
+Date: November 2024
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Read-only. Attribute group to describe the magic bits
+ that go into perf_event_attr.config for a particular pmu.
+ (See ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format).
+
+ Each attribute under this group defines a bit range of the
+ perf_event_attr.config. Supported attribute are listed
+ below::
+
+ event = "config:0-31" - event ID
+
+ For example::
+
+ l1_to_l2_lat = "event=0x1"
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/vpa_pmu/events
+Date: November 2024
+Contact: Linux on PowerPC Developer List <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Read-only. Attribute group to describe performance monitoring
+ events for the Virtual Processor Area events. Each attribute
+ in this group describes a single performance monitoring event
+ supported by vpa_pmu. The name of the file is the name of
+ the event (See ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-events).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fcoe b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fcoe
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5a4f2091ac37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fcoe
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+What: /sys/bus/fcoe/
+Date: August 2012
+KernelVersion: TBD
+Contact: Robert Love <robert.w.love@intel.com>, devel@open-fcoe.org
+Description: The FCoE bus. Attributes in this directory are control interfaces.
+
+Attributes:
+
+ ctlr_create:
+ 'FCoE Controller' instance creation interface. Writing an
+ <ifname> to this file will allocate and populate sysfs with a
+ fcoe_ctlr_device (ctlr_X). The user can then configure any
+ per-port settings and finally write to the fcoe_ctlr_device's
+ 'start' attribute to begin the kernel's discovery and login
+ process.
+
+ ctlr_destroy:
+ 'FCoE Controller' instance removal interface. Writing a
+ fcoe_ctlr_device's sysfs name to this file will log the
+ fcoe_ctlr_device out of the fabric or otherwise connected
+ FCoE devices. It will also free all kernel memory allocated
+ for this fcoe_ctlr_device and any structures associated
+ with it, this includes the scsi_host.
+
+What: /sys/bus/fcoe/devices/ctlr_X
+Date: March 2012
+KernelVersion: TBD
+Contact: Robert Love <robert.w.love@intel.com>, devel@open-fcoe.org
+Description: 'FCoE Controller' instances on the fcoe bus.
+ The FCoE Controller now has a three stage creation process.
+ 1) Write interface name to ctlr_create 2) Configure the FCoE
+ Controller (ctlr_X) 3) Enable the FCoE Controller to begin
+ discovery and login. The FCoE Controller is destroyed by
+ writing its name, i.e. ctlr_X to the ctlr_delete file.
+
+Attributes:
+
+ fcf_dev_loss_tmo:
+ Device loss timeout period (see below). Changing
+ this value will change the dev_loss_tmo for all
+ FCFs discovered by this controller.
+
+ mode:
+ Display or change the FCoE Controller's mode. Possible
+ modes are 'Fabric' and 'VN2VN'. If a FCoE Controller
+ is started in 'Fabric' mode then FIP FCF discovery is
+ initiated and ultimately a fabric login is attempted.
+ If a FCoE Controller is started in 'VN2VN' mode then
+ FIP VN2VN discovery and login is performed. A FCoE
+ Controller only supports one mode at a time.
+
+ enabled:
+ Whether an FCoE controller is enabled or disabled.
+ 0 if disabled, 1 if enabled. Writing either 0 or 1
+ to this file will enable or disable the FCoE controller.
+
+ lesb/link_fail:
+ Link Error Status Block (LESB) link failure count.
+
+ lesb/vlink_fail:
+ Link Error Status Block (LESB) virtual link
+ failure count.
+
+ lesb/miss_fka:
+ Link Error Status Block (LESB) missed FCoE
+ Initialization Protocol (FIP) Keep-Alives (FKA).
+
+ lesb/symb_err:
+ Link Error Status Block (LESB) symbolic error count.
+
+ lesb/err_block:
+ Link Error Status Block (LESB) block error count.
+
+ lesb/fcs_error:
+ Link Error Status Block (LESB) Fibre Channel
+ Services error count.
+
+Notes: ctlr_X (global increment starting at 0)
+
+What: /sys/bus/fcoe/devices/fcf_X
+Date: March 2012
+KernelVersion: TBD
+Contact: Robert Love <robert.w.love@intel.com>, devel@open-fcoe.org
+Description: 'FCoE FCF' instances on the fcoe bus. A FCF is a Fibre Channel
+ Forwarder, which is a FCoE switch that can accept FCoE
+ (Ethernet) packets, unpack them, and forward the embedded
+ Fibre Channel frames into a FC fabric. It can also take
+ outbound FC frames and pack them in Ethernet packets to
+ be sent to their destination on the Ethernet segment.
+
+Attributes:
+
+ fabric_name:
+ Identifies the fabric that the FCF services.
+
+ switch_name:
+ Identifies the FCF.
+
+ priority:
+ The switch's priority amongst other FCFs on the same
+ fabric.
+
+ selected:
+ 1 indicates that the switch has been selected for use;
+ 0 indicates that the switch will not be used.
+
+ fc_map:
+ The Fibre Channel MAP
+
+ vfid:
+ The Virtual Fabric ID
+
+ mac:
+ The FCF's MAC address
+
+ fka_period:
+ The FIP Keep-Alive period
+
+ fabric_state: The internal kernel state
+
+ - "Unknown" - Initialization value
+ - "Disconnected" - No link to the FCF/fabric
+ - "Connected" - Host is connected to the FCF
+ - "Deleted" - FCF is being removed from the system
+
+ dev_loss_tmo: The device loss timeout period for this FCF.
+
+Notes: A device loss infrastructure similar to the FC Transport's
+ is present in fcoe_sysfs. It is nice to have so that a
+ link flapping adapter doesn't continually advance the count
+ used to identify the discovered FCF. FCFs will exist in a
+ "Disconnected" state until either the timer expires and the
+ FCF becomes "Deleted" or the FCF is rediscovered and becomes
+ "Connected."
+
+
+Users: The first user of this interface will be the fcoeadm application,
+ which is commonly packaged in the fcoe-utils package.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fsi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fsi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..76e0caa0c2b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fsi
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/../fsi-master/fsi0/rescan
+Date: May 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: linux-fsi@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description:
+ Initiates a FSI master scan for all connected slave devices
+ on its links.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/../fsi-master/fsi0/break
+Date: May 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: linux-fsi@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description:
+ Sends an FSI BREAK command on a master's communication
+ link to any connected slaves. A BREAK resets connected
+ device's logic and preps it to receive further commands
+ from the master.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/../fsi-master/fsi0/slave@00:00/term
+Date: May 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: linux-fsi@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description:
+ Sends an FSI terminate command from the master to its
+ connected slave. A terminate resets the slave's state machines
+ that control access to the internally connected engines. In
+ addition the slave freezes its internal error register for
+ debugging purposes. This command is also needed to abort any
+ ongoing operation in case of an expired 'Master Time Out'
+ timer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/../fsi-master/fsi0/slave@00:00/raw
+Date: May 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: linux-fsi@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description:
+ Provides a means of reading/writing a 32 bit value from/to a
+ specified FSI bus address.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/../cfam_reset
+Date: Sept 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: linux-fsi@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description:
+ Provides a means of resetting the cfam that is attached to the
+ FSI device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fsi-devices-sbefifo b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fsi-devices-sbefifo
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c7393b4dd2d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fsi-devices-sbefifo
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/bus/fsi/devices/XX.XX.00:06/sbefifoX/timeout
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: eajames@linux.ibm.com
+Description:
+ Indicates whether or not this SBE device has experienced a
+ timeout; i.e. the SBE did not respond within the time allotted
+ by the driver. A value of 1 indicates that a timeout has
+ occurred and no transfers have completed since the timeout. A
+ value of 0 indicates that no timeout has occurred, or if one
+ has, more recent transfers have completed successfully.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fsl-mc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fsl-mc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf3c6af6ad89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fsl-mc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/bus/fsl-mc/drivers/.../bind
+Date: December 2016
+Contact: stuart.yoder@nxp.com
+Description:
+ Writing a device location to this file will cause
+ the driver to attempt to bind to the device found at
+ this location. The format for the location is Object.Id
+ and is the same as found in /sys/bus/fsl-mc/devices/.
+
+ For example::
+
+ # echo dpni.2 > /sys/bus/fsl-mc/drivers/fsl_dpaa2_eth/bind
+
+What: /sys/bus/fsl-mc/drivers/.../unbind
+Date: December 2016
+Contact: stuart.yoder@nxp.com
+Description:
+ Writing a device location to this file will cause the
+ driver to attempt to unbind from the device found at
+ this location. The format for the location is Object.Id
+ and is the same as found in /sys/bus/fsl-mc/devices/.
+
+ For example::
+
+ # echo dpni.2 > /sys/bus/fsl-mc/drivers/fsl_dpaa2_eth/unbind
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-hsi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-hsi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1b1b282a99e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-hsi
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /sys/bus/hsi
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.4
+Contact: Carlos Chinea <carlos.chinea@nokia.com>
+Description:
+ High Speed Synchronous Serial Interface (HSI) is a
+ serial interface mainly used for connecting application
+ engines (APE) with cellular modem engines (CMT) in cellular
+ handsets.
+ The bus will be populated with devices (hsi_clients) representing
+ the protocols available in the system. Bus drivers implement
+ those protocols.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hsi/devices/.../modalias
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.4
+Contact: Carlos Chinea <carlos.chinea@nokia.com>
+Description: Stores the same MODALIAS value emitted by uevent
+ Format: hsi:<hsi_client device name>
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-bq32k b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-bq32k
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..398b258fb770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-bq32k
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../trickle_charge_bypass
+Date: Jan 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Contact: Enric Balletbo i Serra <eballetbo@gmail.com>
+Description: Attribute for enable/disable the trickle charge bypass
+ The trickle_charge_bypass attribute allows the userspace to
+ enable/disable the Trickle charge FET bypass.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-fsa9480 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-fsa9480
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..288bc2fa9547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-fsa9480
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../device
+Date: February 2011
+Contact: Minkyu Kang <mk7.kang@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ show what device is attached
+
+ ======= ======================
+ NONE no device
+ USB USB device is attached
+ UART UART is attached
+ CHARGER Charger is attached
+ JIG JIG is attached
+ ======= ======================
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../switch
+Date: February 2011
+Contact: Minkyu Kang <mk7.kang@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ show or set the state of manual switch
+
+ ======= ==============================
+ VAUDIO switch to VAUDIO path
+ UART switch to UART path
+ AUDIO switch to AUDIO path
+ DHOST switch to DHOST path
+ AUTO switch automatically by device
+ ======= ==============================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-hm6352 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-hm6352
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4a251b7f11e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-hm6352
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../heading0_input
+Date: April 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.36?
+Contact: alan.cox@intel.com
+Description: Reports the current heading from the compass as a floating
+ point value in degrees.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../power_state
+Date: April 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.36?
+Contact: alan.cox@intel.com
+Description: Sets the power state of the device. 0 sets the device into
+ sleep mode, 1 wakes it up.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../calibration
+Date: April 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.36?
+Contact: alan.cox@intel.com
+Description: Sets the calibration on or off (1 = on, 0 = off). See the
+ chip data sheet.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-lm3533 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-lm3533
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1b62230b33b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-lm3533
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../output_hvled[n]
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set the controlling backlight device for high-voltage current
+ sink HVLED[n] (n = 1, 2) (0, 1).
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../output_lvled[n]
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set the controlling led device for low-voltage current sink
+ LVLED[n] (n = 1..5) (0..3).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-m24lr b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-m24lr
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7c51ce8d38ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-m24lr
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<primary-addr>/unlock
+Date: 2025-07-04
+KernelVersion: 6.17
+Contact: Abd-Alrhman Masalkhi <abd.masalkhi@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Write-only attribute used to present a password and unlock
+ access to protected areas of the M24LR chip, including
+ configuration registers such as the Sector Security Status
+ (SSS) bytes. A valid password must be written to enable write
+ access to these regions via the I2C interface.
+
+ Format:
+ - Hexadecimal string representing a 32-bit (4-byte) password
+ - Accepts 1 to 8 hex digits (e.g., "c", "1F", "a1b2c3d4")
+ - No "0x" prefix, whitespace, or trailing newline
+ - Case-insensitive
+
+ Behavior:
+ - If the password matches the internal stored value,
+ access to protected memory/configuration is granted
+ - If the password does not match the internally stored value,
+ it will fail silently
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<primary-addr>/new_pass
+Date: 2025-07-04
+KernelVersion: 6.17
+Contact: Abd-Alrhman Masalkhi <abd.masalkhi@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Write-only attribute used to update the password required to
+ unlock the M24LR chip.
+
+ Format:
+ - Hexadecimal string representing a new 32-bit password
+ - Accepts 1 to 8 hex digits (e.g., "1A", "ffff", "c0ffee00")
+ - No "0x" prefix, whitespace, or trailing newline
+ - Case-insensitive
+
+ Behavior:
+ - Overwrites the current password stored in the I2C password
+ register
+ - Requires the device to be unlocked before changing the
+ password
+ - If the device is locked, the write silently fails
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<primary-addr>/uid
+Date: 2025-07-04
+KernelVersion: 6.17
+Contact: Abd-Alrhman Masalkhi <abd.masalkhi@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that exposes the 8-byte unique identifier
+ programmed into the M24LR chip at the factory.
+
+ Format:
+ - Lowercase hexadecimal string representing a 64-bit value
+ - 1 to 16 hex digits (e.g., "e00204f12345678")
+ - No "0x" prefix
+ - Includes a trailing newline
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<primary-addr>/total_sectors
+Date: 2025-07-04
+KernelVersion: 6.17
+Contact: Abd-Alrhman Masalkhi <abd.masalkhi@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute that exposes the total number of EEPROM
+ sectors available in the M24LR chip.
+
+ Format:
+ - 1 to 2 hex digits (e.g. "F")
+ - No "0x" prefix
+ - Includes a trailing newline
+
+ Notes:
+ - Value is encoded by the chip and corresponds to the EEPROM
+ size (e.g., 3 = 4 kbit for M24LR04E-R)
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<primary-addr>/sss
+Date: 2025-07-04
+KernelVersion: 6.17
+Contact: Abd-Alrhman Masalkhi <abd.masalkhi@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Read/write binary attribute representing the Sector Security
+ Status (SSS) bytes for all EEPROM sectors in STMicroelectronics
+ M24LR chips.
+
+ Each EEPROM sector has one SSS byte, which controls I2C and
+ RF access through protection bits and optional password
+ authentication.
+
+ Format:
+ - The file contains one byte per EEPROM sector
+ - Byte at offset N corresponds to sector N
+ - Binary access only; use tools like dd, Python, or C that
+ support byte-level I/O and offset control.
+
+ Notes:
+ - The number of valid bytes in this file is equal to the
+ value exposed by 'total_sectors' file
+ - Write access requires prior password authentication in
+ I2C mode
+ - Refer to the M24LR datasheet for full SSS bit layout
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-pca954x b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-pca954x
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b6c69eb80ca4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-pca954x
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/.../idle_state
+Date: January 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: Robert Shearman <robert.shearman@att.com>
+Description:
+ Value that exists only for mux devices that can be
+ written to control the behaviour of the multiplexer on
+ idle. Possible values:
+
+ =========== ===============================================
+ -2 disconnect on idle, i.e. deselect the last used
+ channel, which is useful when there is a device
+ with an address that conflicts with another
+ device on another mux on the same parent bus.
+ -1 leave the mux as-is, which is the most optimal
+ setting in terms of I2C operations and is the
+ default mode.
+ 0..<nchans> set the mux to a predetermined channel,
+ which is useful if there is one channel that is
+ used almost always, and you want to reduce the
+ latency for normal operations after rare
+ transactions on other channels
+ =========== ===============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-turris-omnia-mcu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-turris-omnia-mcu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..35a8f6dae5bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-turris-omnia-mcu
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<mcu_device>/board_revision
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RO) Contains board revision number.
+
+ Only available if board information is burned in the MCU (older
+ revisions have board information burned in the ATSHA204-A chip).
+
+ Format: %u.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<mcu_device>/first_mac_address
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RO) Contains device first MAC address. Each Turris Omnia is
+ allocated 3 MAC addresses. The two additional addresses are
+ computed from the first one by incrementing it.
+
+ Only available if board information is burned in the MCU (older
+ revisions have board information burned in the ATSHA204-A chip).
+
+ Format: %pM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<mcu_device>/front_button_mode
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RW) The front button on the Turris Omnia router can be
+ configured either to change the intensity of all the LEDs on the
+ front panel, or to send the press event to the CPU as an
+ interrupt.
+
+ This file switches between these two modes:
+ - ``mcu`` makes the button press event be handled by the MCU to
+ change the LEDs panel intensity.
+ - ``cpu`` makes the button press event be handled by the CPU.
+
+ Format: %s.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<mcu_device>/front_button_poweron
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RW) Newer versions of the microcontroller firmware of the
+ Turris Omnia router support powering off the router into true
+ low power mode. The router can be powered on by pressing the
+ front button.
+
+ This file configures whether front button power on is enabled.
+
+ This file is present only if the power off feature is supported
+ by the firmware.
+
+ Format: %i.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<mcu_device>/fw_features
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RO) Newer versions of the microcontroller firmware report the
+ features they support. These can be read from this file. If the
+ MCU firmware is too old, this file reads 0x0.
+
+ Format: 0x%x.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<mcu_device>/fw_version_hash_application
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RO) Contains the version hash (commit hash) of the application
+ part of the microcontroller firmware.
+
+ Format: %s.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<mcu_device>/fw_version_hash_bootloader
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RO) Contains the version hash (commit hash) of the bootloader
+ part of the microcontroller firmware.
+
+ Format: %s.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<mcu_device>/mcu_type
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RO) Contains the microcontroller type (STM32, GD32, MKL).
+
+ Format: %s.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<mcu_device>/reset_selector
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RO) Contains the selected factory reset level, determined by
+ how long the rear reset button was held by the user during board
+ reset.
+
+ Format: %i.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<mcu_device>/serial_number
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RO) Contains the 64-bit board serial number in hexadecimal
+ format.
+
+ Only available if board information is burned in the MCU (older
+ revisions have board information burned in the ATSHA204-A chip).
+
+ Format: %016X.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i3c b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i3c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c812ab180ff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i3c
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ An I3C bus. This directory will contain one sub-directory per
+ I3C device present on the bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/current_master
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Expose the master that owns the bus (<bus-id>-<master-pid>) at
+ the time this file is read. Note that bus ownership can change
+ overtime, so there's no guarantee that when the read() call
+ returns, the value returned is still valid.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/mode
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ I3C bus mode. Can be "pure", "mixed-fast" or "mixed-slow". See
+ the I3C specification for a detailed description of what each
+ of these modes implies.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/i3c_scl_frequency
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The frequency (expressed in Hz) of the SCL signal when
+ operating in I3C SDR mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/i2c_scl_frequency
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The frequency (expressed in Hz) of the SCL signal when
+ operating in I2C mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/dynamic_address
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Dynamic address assigned to the master controller. This
+ address may change if the bus is re-initialized.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/bcr
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ BCR stands for Bus Characteristics Register and express the
+ device capabilities in term of speed, maximum read/write
+ length, etc. See the I3C specification for more details.
+ This entry describes the BCR of the master controller driving
+ the bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/dcr
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ DCR stands for Device Characteristics Register and express the
+ device capabilities in term of exposed features. See the I3C
+ specification for more details.
+ This entry describes the DCR of the master controller driving
+ the bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/pid
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ PID stands for Provisioned ID and is used to uniquely identify
+ a device on a bus. This PID contains information about the
+ vendor, the part and an instance ID so that several devices of
+ the same type can be connected on the same bus.
+ See the I3C specification for more details.
+ This entry describes the PID of the master controller driving
+ the bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/hdrcap
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Expose the HDR (High Data Rate) capabilities of a device.
+ Returns a list of supported HDR mode, each element is separated
+ by space. Modes can be "hdr-ddr", "hdr-tsp" and "hdr-tsl".
+ See the I3C specification for more details about these HDR
+ modes.
+
+ This entry describes the HDRCAP of the master controller
+ driving the bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/hotjoin
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ I3C’s Hot-Join mechanism allows an I3C Device to inform the
+ Active Controller that a newly-joined Target is present on the
+ I3C Bus and is ready to receive a Dynamic Address, in order to
+ become fully functional on the Bus. Hot-Join is used when the
+ Target is mounted on the same I3C bus and remains depowered
+ until needed or until the Target is physically inserted into the
+ I3C bus
+
+ This entry allows to enable or disable Hot-join of the Current
+ Controller driving the bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/<bus-id>-<device-pid>
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ An I3C device present on I3C bus identified by <bus-id>. Note
+ that all devices are represented including the master driving
+ the bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/<bus-id>-<device-pid>/dynamic_address
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Dynamic address assigned to device <bus-id>-<device-pid>. This
+ address may change if the bus is re-initialized.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/<bus-id>-<device-pid>/bcr
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ BCR stands for Bus Characteristics Register and express the
+ device capabilities in term of speed, maximum read/write
+ length, etc. See the I3C specification for more details.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/<bus-id>-<device-pid>/dcr
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ DCR stands for Device Characteristics Register and express the
+ device capabilities in term of exposed features. See the I3C
+ specification for more details.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/<bus-id>-<device-pid>/pid
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ PID stands for Provisioned ID and is used to uniquely identify
+ a device on a bus. This PID contains information about the
+ vendor, the part and an instance ID so that several devices of
+ the same type can be connected on the same bus.
+ See the I3C specification for more details.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/<bus-id>-<device-pid>/hdrcap
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Expose the HDR (High Data Rate) capabilities of a device.
+ Returns a list of supported HDR mode, each element is separated
+ by space. Modes can be "hdr-ddr", "hdr-tsp" and "hdr-tsl".
+
+ See the I3C specification for more details about these HDR
+ modes.
+
+What: /sys/bus/i3c/devices/<bus-id>-<device-pid>
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-i3c@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ These directories are just symbolic links to
+ /sys/bus/i3c/devices/i3c-<bus-id>/<bus-id>-<device-pid>.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..89b4740dcfa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio
@@ -0,0 +1,2424 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Hardware chip or device accessed by one communication port.
+ Corresponds to a grouping of sensor channels. X is the IIO
+ index of the device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ An event driven driver of data capture to an in kernel buffer.
+ May be provided by a device driver that also has an IIO device
+ based on hardware generated events (e.g. data ready) or
+ provided by a separate driver for other hardware (e.g.
+ periodic timer, GPIO or high resolution timer).
+
+ Contains trigger type specific elements. These do not
+ generalize well and hence are not documented in this file.
+ X is the IIO index of the trigger.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Directory of attributes relating to the buffer for the device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/name
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Description of the physical chip / device for device X.
+ Typically a part number.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/label
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Optional symbolic label for a device.
+ This is useful for userspace to be able to better identify an
+ individual device.
+
+ The contents of the label are free-form, but there are some
+ standardized uses:
+
+ For proximity sensors which give the proximity (of a person) to
+ a certain wlan or wwan antenna the following standardized labels
+ are used:
+
+ * "proximity-wifi"
+ * "proximity-lte"
+ * "proximity-wifi-lte"
+ * "proximity-wifi-left"
+ * "proximity-wifi-right"
+
+ These are used to indicate to userspace that these proximity
+ sensors may be used to tune transmit power to ensure that
+ Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) limits are honored.
+ The "-left" and "-right" labels are for devices with multiple
+ antennas.
+
+ In some laptops/tablets the standardized proximity sensor labels
+ instead indicate proximity to a specific part of the device:
+
+ * "proximity-palmrest" indicates proximity to the keyboard's palmrest
+ * "proximity-palmrest-left" indicates proximity to the left part of the palmrest
+ * "proximity-palmrest-right" indicates proximity to the right part of the palmrest
+ * "proximity-lap" indicates the device is being used on someone's lap
+
+ Note "proximity-lap" is special in that its value may be
+ calculated by firmware from other sensor readings, rather then
+ being a raw sensor reading.
+
+ For accelerometers used in 2-in-1s with 360° (yoga-style) hinges,
+ which have an accelerometer in both their base and their display,
+ the following standardized labels are used:
+
+ * "accel-base"
+ * "accel-display"
+
+ For devices where an accelerometer is housed in the swivel camera subassembly
+ (for AR application), the following standardized label is used:
+
+ * "accel-camera"
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/current_timestamp_clock
+KernelVersion: 4.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ String identifying current posix clock used to timestamp
+ buffered samples and events for device X.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/sampling_frequency
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_sampling_frequency
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/sampling_frequency
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/sampling_frequency
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/sampling_frequency
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Some devices have internal clocks. This parameter sets the
+ resulting sampling frequency. In many devices this
+ parameter has an effect on input filters etc. rather than
+ simply controlling when the input is sampled. As this
+ affects data ready triggers, hardware buffers and the sysfs
+ direct access interfaces, it may be found in any of the
+ relevant directories. If it affects all of the above
+ then it is to be found in the base device directory.
+
+ The stm32-timer-trigger has the additional characteristic that
+ a sampling_frequency of 0 is defined to stop sampling.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/sampling_frequency_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_sampling_frequency_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity_sampling_frequency_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/buffer/sampling_frequency_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/sampling_frequency_available
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ When the internal sampling clock can only take a specific set of
+ frequencies, we can specify the available values with:
+
+ - a small discrete set of values like "0 2 4 6 8"
+ - a range with minimum, step and maximum frequencies like
+ "[min step max]"
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/oversampling_ratio
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Hardware dependent ADC oversampling. Controls the sampling ratio
+ of the digital filter if available.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/oversampling_ratio_available
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Hardware dependent values supported by the oversampling filter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_supply_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled no bias removal etc.) voltage measurement from
+ channel Y. In special cases where the channel does not
+ correspond to externally available input one of the named
+ versions may be used. The number must always be specified and
+ unique to allow association with event codes. Units after
+ application of scale and offset are millivolts.
+
+ Channels with 'i' and 'q' modifiers always exist in pairs and both
+ channels refer to the same signal. The 'i' channel contains the in-phase
+ component of the signal while the 'q' channel contains the quadrature
+ component.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY-voltageZ_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled) differential voltage measurement equivalent to
+ channel Y - channel Z where these channel numbers apply to the
+ physically equivalent inputs when non differential readings are
+ separately available. In differential only parts, then all that
+ is required is a consistent labeling. Units after application
+ of scale and offset are millivolts.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltageY_rms_raw
+KernelVersion: 6.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled) Root Mean Square (RMS) voltage measurement from
+ channel Y. Units after application of scale and offset are
+ millivolts.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_powerY_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_powerY_active_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_powerY_reactive_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_powerY_apparent_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled no bias removal etc.) power measurement from
+ channel Y. The number must always be specified and
+ unique to allow association with event codes. Units after
+ application of scale and offset are milliwatts.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_powerY_powerfactor
+KernelVersion: 6.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Power factor measurement from channel Y. Power factor is the
+ ratio of active power to apparent power. The value is unitless.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_capacitanceY_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw capacitance measurement from channel Y. Units after
+ application of scale and offset are nanofarads.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_capacitanceY-capacitanceZ_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw differential capacitance measurement equivalent to
+ channel Y - channel Z where these channel numbers apply to the
+ physically equivalent inputs when non differential readings are
+ separately available. In differential only parts, then all that
+ is required is a consistent labeling. Units after application
+ of scale and offset are nanofarads.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_capacitanceY-capacitanceZ_zeropoint
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ For differential channels, this an offset that is applied
+ equally to both inputs. As the reading is of the difference
+ between the two inputs, this should not be applied to the _raw
+ reading by userspace (unlike _offset) and unlike calibbias
+ it does not affect the differential value measured because
+ the effect of _zeropoint cancels out across the two inputs
+ that make up the differential pair. It's purpose is to bring
+ the individual signals, before the differential is measured,
+ within the measurement range of the device. The naming is
+ chosen because if the separate inputs that make the
+ differential pair are drawn on a graph in their
+ _raw units, this is the value that the zero point on the
+ measurement axis represents. It is expressed with the
+ same scaling as _raw.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_tempY_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_y_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_ambient_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_object_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled no bias removal etc.) temperature measurement.
+ If an axis is specified it generally means that the temperature
+ sensor is associated with one part of a compound device (e.g.
+ a gyroscope axis). The ambient and object modifiers distinguish
+ between ambient (reference) and distant temperature for contact-
+ less measurements. Units after application of scale and offset
+ are milli degrees Celsius.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_tempY_input
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_input
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Scaled temperature measurement in milli degrees Celsius.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_y_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_z_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Acceleration in direction x, y or z (may be arbitrarily assigned
+ but should match other such assignments on device).
+ Has all of the equivalent parameters as per voltageY. Units
+ after application of scale and offset are m/s^2.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_linear_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_linear_y_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_linear_z_raw
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ As per in_accel_X_raw attributes, but minus the
+ acceleration due to gravity.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_gravity_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_gravity_y_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_gravity_z_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Gravity in direction x, y or z (may be arbitrarily assigned
+ but should match other such assignments on device).
+ Units after application of scale and offset are m/s^2.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_deltaangl_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_deltaangl_y_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_deltaangl_z_raw
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Angular displacement between two consecutive samples on x, y or
+ z (may be arbitrarily assigned but should match other such
+ assignments on device).
+ In order to compute the total angular displacement during a
+ desired period of time, the application should sum-up the delta
+ angle samples acquired during that time.
+ Units after application of scale and offset are radians.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_deltavelocity_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_deltavelocity_y_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_deltavelocity_z_raw
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The linear velocity change between two consecutive samples on x,
+ y or z (may be arbitrarily assigned but should match other such
+ assignments on device).
+ In order to compute the total linear velocity change during a
+ desired period of time, the application should sum-up the delta
+ velocity samples acquired during that time.
+ Units after application of scale and offset are meters per
+ second.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_angl_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglY_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.17
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Angle of rotation. Units after application of scale and offset
+ are radians.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_positionrelative_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_positionrelative_y_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Relative position in direction x or y on a pad (may be
+ arbitrarily assigned but should match other such assignments on
+ device).
+ Units after application of scale and offset are milli percents
+ from the pad's size in both directions. Should be calibrated by
+ the consumer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_y_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_z_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Angular velocity about axis x, y or z (may be arbitrarily
+ assigned). Has all the equivalent parameters as per voltageY.
+ Units after application of scale and offset are radians per
+ second.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_incli_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_incli_y_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_incli_z_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Inclination raw reading about axis x, y or z (may be
+ arbitrarily assigned). Data converted by application of offset
+ and scale to degrees.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_y_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_z_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Magnetic field along axis x, y or z (may be arbitrarily
+ assigned). Data converted by application of offset
+ then scale to Gauss.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_x_peak_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_y_peak_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_z_peak_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_humidityrelative_peak_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_peak_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.36
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Highest value since some reset condition. These
+ attributes allow access to this and are otherwise
+ the direct equivalent of the <type>Y[_name]_raw attributes.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_humidityrelative_trough_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_trough_raw
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Lowest value since some reset condition. These
+ attributes allow access to this and are otherwise
+ the direct equivalent of the <type>Y[_name]_raw attributes.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_xyz_squared_peak_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.36
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A computed peak value based on the sum squared magnitude of
+ the underlying value in the specified directions.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressureY_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressure_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw pressure measurement from channel Y. Units after
+ application of scale and offset are kilopascal.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressureY_input
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressure_input
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Scaled pressure measurement from channel Y, in kilopascal.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_humidityrelative_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.14
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw humidity measurement of air. Units after application of
+ scale and offset are milli percent.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_humidityrelative_input
+KernelVersion: 3.14
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Scaled humidity measurement in milli percent.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_Y_mean_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Averaged raw measurement from channel Y. The number of values
+ used for averaging is device specific. The converting rules for
+ normal raw values also applies to the averaged raw values.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_x_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_y_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_z_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage_q_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage_i_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_i_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_q_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_currentY_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_current_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_tempY_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressureY_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressure_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_humidityrelative_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_angl_offset
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_capacitanceY_offset
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If known for a device, offset to be added to <type>[Y]_raw prior
+ to scaling by <type>[Y]_scale in order to obtain value in the
+ <type> units as specified in <type>[Y]_raw documentation.
+ Not present if the offset is always 0 or unknown. If Y or
+ axis <x|y|z> is not present, then the offset applies to all
+ in channels of <type>.
+ May be writable if a variable offset can be applied on the
+ device. Note that this is different to calibbias which
+ is for devices (or drivers) that apply offsets to compensate
+ for variation between different instances of the part, typically
+ adjusted by using some hardware supported calibration procedure.
+ Calibbias is applied internally, offset is applied in userspace
+ to the _raw output.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_q_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_supply_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage-voltage_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_currentY_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_currentY_supply_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_current_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_current_q_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_peak_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_energy_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_distance_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_x_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_y_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_z_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_from_north_true_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressureY_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressure_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_humidityrelative_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_velocity_sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2)_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_countY_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_deltaangl_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_deltavelocity_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_angl_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_x_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_y_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_z_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_red_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_green_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_blue_scale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentration_co2_scale
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If known for a device, scale to be applied to <type>Y[_name]_raw
+ post addition of <type>[Y][_name]_offset in order to obtain the
+ measured value in <type> units as specified in
+ <type>[Y][_name]_raw documentation. If shared across all in
+ channels then Y and <x|y|z> are not present and the value is
+ called <type>[Y][_name]_scale. The peak modifier means this
+ value is applied to <type>Y[_name]_peak_raw values.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_x_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_y_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_z_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltageY_i_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltageY_q_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_x_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_y_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_z_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_capacitance_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_illuminance0_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_x_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_y_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_z_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressure_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressureY_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity0_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_resistance_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_currentY_calibbias
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_calibbias
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Hardware applied calibration offset (assumed to fix production
+ inaccuracies).
+ icm42600: For this device values are real physical offsets
+ expressed in SI units (m/s^2 for accelerometers and rad/s
+ for gyroscope)/
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_calibbias_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_calibbias_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_calibbias_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity_calibbias_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_calibbias_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_calibbias_available
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Available values of calibbias. Maybe expressed as either of:
+
+ - a small discrete set of values like "0 2 4 6 8"
+ - a range specified as "[min step max]"
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_convdelay
+KernelVersion: 6.17
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Delay of start of conversion from common reference point shared
+ by all channels. Can be writable when used to compensate for
+ delay variation introduced by external filters feeding a
+ simultaneous sampling ADC.
+
+ E.g., for the ad7606 ADC series, this value is intended as a
+ configurable time delay in seconds, to correct delay introduced
+ by an optional external filtering circuit.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_convdelay_available
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Available values of convdelay. Maybe expressed as:
+
+ - a range specified as "[min step max]"
+
+ If shared across all channels, <type>_convdelay_available
+ is used.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_x_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_y_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_z_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_x_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_y_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_z_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_capacitance_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_illuminance0_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_both_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_ir_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_x_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_y_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_z_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressure_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_pressureY_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity0_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_supply_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_currentY_calibscale
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_calibscale
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Hardware applied calibration scale factor (assumed to fix
+ production inaccuracies). If shared across all channels,
+ <type>_calibscale is used.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_illuminanceY_calibscale_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_calibscale_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximityY_calibscale_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_calibscale_available
+KernelVersion: 4.8
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Available values of calibscale. Maybe expressed as either of:
+
+ - a small discrete set of values like "1 8 16"
+ - a range specified as "[min step max]"
+
+ If shared across all channels, <type>_calibscale_available is used.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_activity_calibgender
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_energy_calibgender
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_distance_calibgender
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_velocity_calibgender
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Gender of the user (e.g.: male, female) used by some pedometers
+ to compute the stride length, distance, speed and activity
+ type.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_activity_calibgender_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_energy_calibgender_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_distance_calibgender_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_velocity_calibgender_available
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Lists all available gender values (e.g.: male, female).
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_activity_calibheight
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_energy_calibheight
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_distance_calibheight
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_velocity_calibheight
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Height of the user (in meters) used by some pedometers
+ to compute the stride length, distance, speed and activity
+ type.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_energy_calibweight
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Weight of the user (in kg). It is needed by some pedometers
+ to compute the calories burnt by the user.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_magn_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensity_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_proximity_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_voltage-voltage_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_capacitance_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_pressure_scale_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_pressureY_scale_available
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If a discrete set of scale values is available, they
+ are listed in this attribute. Unlike illumination,
+ multiplying intensity by intensity_scale does not
+ yield value with any standardized unit.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_hardwaregain
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_hardwaregain
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_red_hardwaregain
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_green_hardwaregain
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_blue_hardwaregain
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_clear_hardwaregain
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_hardwaregain
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Hardware applied gain factor. If shared across all channels,
+ <type>_hardwaregain is used.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_hardwaregain_available
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Lists all available hardware applied gain factors. Shared across all
+ channels.
+
+What: /sys/.../in_accel_filter_low_pass_3db_frequency
+What: /sys/.../in_magn_filter_low_pass_3db_frequency
+What: /sys/.../in_anglvel_filter_low_pass_3db_frequency
+KernelVersion: 3.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If a known or controllable low pass filter is applied
+ to the underlying data channel, then this parameter
+ gives the 3dB frequency of the filter in Hz.
+
+What: /sys/.../in_accel_filter_high_pass_3db_frequency
+What: /sys/.../in_anglvel_filter_high_pass_3db_frequency
+What: /sys/.../in_magn_filter_high_pass_3db_frequency
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If a known or controllable high pass filter is applied
+ to the underlying data channel, then this parameter
+ gives the 3dB frequency of the filter in Hz.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled, no bias etc.) output voltage for
+ channel Y. The number must always be specified and
+ unique if the output corresponds to a single channel.
+ While DAC like devices typically use out_voltage,
+ a continuous frequency generating device, such as
+ a DDS or PLL should use out_altvoltage.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY&Z_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY&Z_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled, no bias etc.) output voltage for an aggregate of
+ channel Y, channel Z, etc. This interface is available in cases
+ where a single output sets the value for multiple channels
+ simultaneously.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_powerdown_mode
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltage_powerdown_mode
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_powerdown_mode
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltage_powerdown_mode
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the output powerdown mode.
+ DAC output stage is disconnected from the amplifier and
+ 1kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via an 1kOhm resistor,
+ 2.5kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 2.5kOhm resistor,
+ 6kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 6kOhm resistor,
+ 7.7kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 7.7kOhm resistor,
+ 20kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 20kOhm resistor,
+ 32kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 32kOhm resistor,
+ 42kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 42kOhm resistor,
+ 90kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 90kOhm resistor,
+ 100kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via an 100kOhm resistor,
+ 125kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via an 125kOhm resistor,
+ 500kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 500kOhm resistor,
+ 640kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 640kOhm resistor,
+ three_state: left floating.
+ For a list of available output power down options read
+ outX_powerdown_mode_available. If Y is not present the
+ mode is shared across all outputs.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_powerdown_mode_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/out_voltage_powerdown_mode_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_powerdown_mode_available
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/out_altvoltage_powerdown_mode_available
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Lists all available output power down modes.
+ If Y is not present the mode is shared across all outputs.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_powerdown
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltage_powerdown
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_powerdown
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltage_powerdown
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing 1 causes output Y to enter the power down mode specified
+ by the corresponding outY_powerdown_mode. DAC output stage is
+ disconnected from the amplifier. Clearing returns to normal
+ operation. Y may be suppressed if all outputs are controlled
+ together.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_frequency
+KernelVersion: 3.4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Output frequency for channel Y in Hz. The number must always be
+ specified and unique if the output corresponds to a single
+ channel.
+ Some drivers have additional constraints:
+ ADF4371 has an integrated VCO with fundamendal output
+ frequency ranging from 4000000000 Hz 8000000000 Hz.
+
+ out_altvoltage0_frequency:
+ A divide by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or circuit generates
+ frequencies from 62500000 Hz to 8000000000 Hz.
+ out_altvoltage1_frequency:
+ This channel duplicates the channel 0 frequency
+ out_altvoltage2_frequency:
+ A frequency doubler generates frequencies from
+ 8000000000 Hz to 16000000000 Hz.
+ out_altvoltage3_frequency:
+ A frequency quadrupler generates frequencies from
+ 16000000000 Hz to 32000000000 Hz.
+
+ Note: writes to one of the channels will affect the frequency of
+ all the other channels, since it involves changing the VCO
+ fundamental output frequency.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltageY_i_phase
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltageY_q_phase
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_phase
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_i_phase
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_q_phase
+KernelVersion: 3.4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Phase in radians of one frequency/clock output Y
+ (out_altvoltageY) relative to another frequency/clock output
+ (out_altvoltageZ) of the device X. The number must always be
+ specified and unique if the output corresponds to a single
+ channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_currentY_raw
+Date: May 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set/get output current for channel Y. Units after application
+ of scale and offset are milliamps.
+ For some devices current channels are used to specify
+ current supplied to elements used in taking a measurement
+ of a different type. E.g. LED currents.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Configuration of which hardware generated events are passed up
+ to user-space.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_x_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_x_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_z_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_z_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_x_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_x_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_y_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_y_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_z_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_z_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_x_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_x_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_y_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_y_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_z_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_z_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_true_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_true_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_supply_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_supply_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_thresh_either_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_tempY_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_tempY_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_capacitanceY_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_capacitanceY_thresh_falling_en
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Event generated when channel passes a threshold in the specified
+ (_rising|_falling) direction. If the direction is not specified,
+ then either the device will report an event which ever direction
+ a single threshold value is passed in (e.g.
+ <type>[Y][_name]_<raw|input>_thresh_value) or
+ <type>[Y][_name]_<raw|input>_thresh_rising_value and
+ <type>[Y][_name]_<raw|input>_thresh_falling_value may take
+ different values, but the device can only enable both thresholds
+ or neither.
+
+ Note the driver will assume the last p events requested are
+ to be enabled where p is how many it supports (which may vary
+ depending on the exact set requested. So if you want to be
+ sure you have set what you think you have, check the contents of
+ these attributes after everything is configured. Drivers may
+ have to buffer any parameters so that they are consistent when
+ a given event type is enabled at a future point (and not those for
+ whatever event was previously enabled).
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_x_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_x_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_z_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_z_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_x_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_x_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_y_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_y_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_z_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvel_z_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_x_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_x_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_y_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_y_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_z_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_magn_z_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_true_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_true_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_supply_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_supply_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_roc_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_tempY_roc_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_tempY_roc_falling_en
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Event generated when channel passes a threshold on the rate of
+ change (1st differential) in the specified (_rising|_falling)
+ direction. If the direction is not specified, then either the
+ device will report an event which ever direction a single
+ threshold value is passed in (e.g.
+ <type>[Y][_name]_<raw|input>_roc_value) or
+ <type>[Y][_name]_<raw|input>_roc_rising_value and
+ <type>[Y][_name]_<raw|input>_roc_falling_value may take
+ different values, but the device can only enable both rate of
+ change thresholds or neither.
+
+ Note the driver will assume the last p events requested are
+ to be enabled where p is however many it supports (which may
+ vary depending on the exact set requested. So if you want to be
+ sure you have set what you think you have, check the contents of
+ these attributes after everything is configured. Drivers may
+ have to buffer any parameters so that they are consistent when
+ a given event type is enabled a future point (and not those for
+ whatever event was previously enabled).
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_capacitanceY_adaptive_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../events/in_capacitanceY_adaptive_thresh_falling_en
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Adaptive thresholds are similar to normal fixed thresholds
+ but the value is expressed as an offset from a value which
+ provides a low frequency approximation of the channel itself.
+ Thus these detect if a rapid change occurs in the specified
+ direction which crosses tracking value + offset.
+ Tracking value calculation is devices specific.
+
+What: /sys/.../in_capacitanceY_adaptive_thresh_rising_timeout
+What: /sys/.../in_capacitanceY_adaptive_thresh_falling_timeout
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ When adaptive thresholds are used, the tracking signal
+ may adjust too slowly to step changes in the raw signal.
+ Thus these specify the time in seconds for which the
+ difference between the slow tracking signal and the raw
+ signal is allowed to remain out-of-range before a reset
+ event occurs in which the tracking signal is made equal
+ to the raw signal, allowing slow tracking to resume and the
+ adaptive threshold event detection to function as expected.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_supply_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_supply_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_raw_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_raw_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance0_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance0_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_proximity0_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_proximity0_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_capacitanceY_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_capacitanceY_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_capacitanceY_thresh_adaptive_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_capacitanceY_thresh_falling_rising_value
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the value of threshold that the device is comparing
+ against for the events enabled by
+ <type>Y[_name]_thresh[_rising|falling]_en.
+
+ If separate attributes exist for the two directions, but
+ direction is not specified for this attribute, then a single
+ threshold value applies to both directions.
+
+ The raw or input element of the name indicates whether the
+ value is in raw device units or in processed units (as _raw
+ and _input do on sysfs direct channel read attributes).
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_scale
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_peak_scale
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_scale
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_scale
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_scale
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_scale
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltage_scale
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltage_supply_scale
+What: /sys/.../events/in_temp_scale
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance_scale
+What: /sys/.../events/in_proximity_scale
+KernelVersion: 3.21
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the conversion factor from the standard units
+ to device specific units used to set the event trigger
+ threshold.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance0_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance0_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance0_thresh_either_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_proximity0_thresh_falling_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_proximity0_thresh_rising_hysteresis
+What: /sys/.../events/in_proximity0_thresh_either_hysteresis
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the hysteresis of threshold that the device is comparing
+ against for the events enabled by
+ <type>Y[_name]_thresh[_(rising|falling)]_hysteresis.
+ If separate attributes exist for the two directions, but
+ direction is not specified for this attribute, then a single
+ hysteresis value applies to both directions.
+
+ For falling events the hysteresis is added to the _value attribute for
+ this event to get the upper threshold for when the event goes back to
+ normal, for rising events the hysteresis is subtracted from the _value
+ attribute. E.g. if in_voltage0_raw_thresh_rising_value is set to 1200
+ and in_voltage0_raw_thresh_rising_hysteresis is set to 50. The event
+ will get activated once in_voltage0_raw goes above 1200 and will become
+ deactivated again once the value falls below 1150.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_supply_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_supply_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_raw_roc_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_raw_roc_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_raw_roc_falling_value
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the value of rate of change threshold that the
+ device is comparing against for the events enabled by
+ <type>[Y][_name]_roc[_rising|falling]_en.
+
+ If separate attributes exist for the two directions,
+ but direction is not specified for this attribute,
+ then a single threshold value applies to both directions.
+ The raw or input element of the name indicates whether the
+ value is in raw device units or in processed units (as _raw
+ and _input do on sysfs direct channel read attributes).
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_x_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_y_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_z_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_x_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_y_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_z_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_supply_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_supply_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_supply_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_supply_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_voltageY_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_roc_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_tempY_roc_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x&y&z_mag_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_intensity0_thresh_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_proximity0_thresh_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_still_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_still_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_walking_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_walking_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_jogging_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_jogging_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_running_thresh_rising_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_running_thresh_falling_period
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance_thresh_either_period
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Period of time (in seconds) for which the condition must be
+ met before an event is generated. If direction is not
+ specified then this period applies to both directions.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_thresh_rising_low_pass_filter_3db
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_thresh_rising_low_pass_filter_3db
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_thresh_rising_low_pass_filter_3db
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If a low pass filter can be applied to the event generation
+ this property gives its 3db frequency in Hz.
+ A value of zero disables the filter.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_thresh_rising_high_pass_filter_3db
+What: /sys/.../events/in_anglvel_thresh_rising_high_pass_filter_3db
+What: /sys/.../events/in_magn_thresh_rising_high_pass_filter_3db
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If a high pass filter can be applied to the event generation
+ this property gives its 3db frequency in Hz.
+ A value of zero disables the filter.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_still_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_still_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_walking_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_walking_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_jogging_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_jogging_thresh_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_running_thresh_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_running_thresh_falling_en
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Enables or disables activity events. Depending on direction
+ an event is generated when sensor ENTERS or LEAVES a given state.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_still_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_still_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_walking_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_walking_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_jogging_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_jogging_thresh_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_running_thresh_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_activity_running_thresh_falling_value
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Confidence value (in units as percentage) to be used
+ for deciding when an event should be generated. E.g for
+ running: If the confidence value reported by the sensor
+ is greater than in_activity_running_thresh_rising_value
+ then the sensor ENTERS running state. Conversely, if the
+ confidence value reported by the sensor is lower than
+ in_activity_running_thresh_falling_value then the sensor
+ is LEAVING running state.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_mag_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_mag_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_mag_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_x_mag_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_x_mag_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_x_mag_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_mag_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_mag_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_mag_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_z_mag_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_z_mag_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_z_mag_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_x&y&z_mag_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_x&y&z_mag_falling_en
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Similar to in_accel_x_thresh[_rising|_falling]_en, but here the
+ magnitude of the channel is compared to the threshold, not its
+ signed value.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_raw_mag_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_raw_mag_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_y_raw_mag_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_z_raw_mag_rising_value
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The value to which the magnitude of the channel is compared. If
+ number or direction is not specified, applies to all channels of
+ this type.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_mag_referenced_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_mag_referenced_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_mag_referenced_falling_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_mag_referenced_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_mag_referenced_rising_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_mag_referenced_falling_en
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Similar to in_accel_mag[_y][_rising|_falling]_en, but the event
+ value is relative to a reference magnitude. The reference magnitude
+ includes the graviational acceleration.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_mag_referenced_value
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_mag_referenced_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_mag_referenced_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_mag_referenced_value
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_mag_referenced_rising_value
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/events/in_accel_y_mag_referenced_falling_value
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The value to which the reference magnitude of the channel is
+ compared. If the axis is not specified, it applies to all channels
+ of this type.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_steps_change_en
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Event generated when channel passes a threshold on the absolute
+ change in value. E.g. for steps: a step change event is
+ generated each time the user takes N steps, where N is set using
+ in_steps_change_value.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_steps_change_value
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the value of change threshold that the
+ device is comparing against for the events enabled by
+ <type>[Y][_name]_roc[_rising|falling|]_en. E.g. for steps:
+ if set to 3, a step change event will be generated every 3
+ steps.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/trigger/current_trigger
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The name of the trigger source being used, as per string given
+ in /sys/class/iio/triggerY/name.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY/length
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Number of scans contained by the buffer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY/enable
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Actually start the buffer capture up. Will start trigger
+ if first device and appropriate.
+
+ Note that it might be impossible to configure other attributes,
+ (e.g.: events, scale, sampling rate) if they impact the currently
+ active buffer capture session.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Directory containing interfaces for elements that will be
+ captured for a single triggered sample set in the buffer.
+
+ Since kernel 5.11 the scan_elements attributes are merged into
+ the bufferY directory, to be configurable per buffer.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_accel_x_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_accel_y_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_accel_z_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltaangl_x_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltaangl_y_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltaangl_z_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltavelocity_x_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltavelocity_y_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltavelocity_z_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_anglvel_x_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_anglvel_y_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_anglvel_z_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_magn_x_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_magn_y_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_magn_z_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_from_north_true_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_timestamp_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_voltageY_supply_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_voltageY_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_voltageY-voltageZ_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_incli_x_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_incli_y_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_pressureY_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_pressure_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_quaternion_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_proximity_en
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Scan element control for triggered data capture.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_accel_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltaangl_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltavelocity_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_anglvel_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_magn_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_incli_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_voltageY_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_voltage_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_voltageY_supply_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_timestamp_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_pressureY_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_pressure_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_quaternion_type
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_proximity_type
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Description of the scan element data storage within the buffer
+ and hence the form in which it is read from user-space.
+ Form is [be|le]:[s|u]bits/storagebits[>>shift].
+ be or le specifies big or little endian. s or u specifies if
+ signed (2's complement) or unsigned. bits is the number of bits
+ of data and storagebits is the space (after padding) that it
+ occupies in the buffer. shift if specified, is the shift that
+ needs to be applied prior to masking out unused bits. Some
+ devices put their data in the middle of the transferred elements
+ with additional information on both sides. Note that some
+ devices will have additional information in the unused bits
+ so to get a clean value, the bits value must be used to mask
+ the buffer output value appropriately. The storagebits value
+ also specifies the data alignment. So s48/64>>2 will be a
+ signed 48 bit integer stored in a 64 bit location aligned to
+ a 64 bit boundary. To obtain the clean value, shift right 2
+ and apply a mask to zero the top 16 bits of the result.
+ For other storage combinations this attribute will be extended
+ appropriately.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/scan_elements/in_accel_type_available
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ If the type parameter can take one of a small set of values,
+ this attribute lists them.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_voltageY_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_voltageY_supply_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_accel_x_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_accel_y_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_accel_z_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltaangl_x_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltaangl_y_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltaangl_z_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltavelocity_x_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltavelocity_y_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_deltavelocity_z_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_anglvel_x_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_anglvel_y_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_anglvel_z_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_magn_x_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_magn_y_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_magn_z_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_from_north_true_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_incli_x_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_incli_y_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_timestamp_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_pressureY_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_pressure_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_rot_quaternion_index
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/bufferY/in_proximity_index
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A single positive integer specifying the position of this
+ scan element in the buffer. Note these are not dependent on
+ what is enabled and may not be contiguous. Thus for user-space
+ to establish the full layout these must be used in conjunction
+ with all _en attributes to establish which channels are present,
+ and the relevant _type attributes to establish the data storage
+ format.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_activity_still_input
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_activity_walking_input
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_activity_jogging_input
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_activity_running_input
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to read the confidence for an activity
+ expressed in units as percentage.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_z_quadrature_correction_raw
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to read the amount of quadrature error
+ present in the device at a given time.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_accelY_power_mode
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the chip power mode.
+ low_noise: reduce noise level from ADC,
+ low_power: enable low current consumption.
+ For a list of available output power modes read
+ in_accel_power_mode_available.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_energy_input
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_energy_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_energyY_active_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_energyY_reactive_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_energyY_apparent_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to read the energy value reported by the
+ device (e.g.: human activity sensors report energy burnt by the
+ user). Units after application of scale are Joules.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_distance_input
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_distance_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to read the measured distance to an object
+ or the distance covered by the user since the last reboot while
+ activated. Units after application of scale are meters.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/store_eeprom
+KernelVersion: 3.4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing '1' stores the current device configuration into
+ on-chip EEPROM. After power-up or chip reset the device will
+ automatically load the saved configuration.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_proximity_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_proximity_input
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_proximityY_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Proximity measurement indicating that some
+ object is near the sensor, usually by observing
+ reflectivity of infrared or ultrasound emitted.
+
+ Often these sensors are unit less and as such conversion
+ to SI units is not possible. Higher proximity measurements
+ indicate closer objects, and vice versa. Units after
+ application of scale and offset are meters.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_input
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminanceY_input
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminanceY_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminanceY_mean_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_ir_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_clear_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Illuminance measurement, units after application of scale
+ and offset are lux.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_ir_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_both_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_uv_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_uva_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_uvb_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_duv_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensity_red_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensity_green_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensity_blue_raw
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensity_clear_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Unit-less light intensity. Modifiers both and ir indicate
+ that measurements contain visible and infrared light
+ components or just infrared light, respectively. Modifier
+ uv indicates that measurements contain ultraviolet light
+ components. Modifiers uva, uvb and duv indicate that
+ measurements contain A, B or deep (C) ultraviolet light
+ components respectively.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_uvindex_input
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ UV light intensity index measuring the human skin's response to
+ different wavelength of sunlight weighted according to the
+ standardised CIE Erythemal Action Spectrum. UV index values range
+ from 0 (low) to >=11 (extreme).
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensity_integration_time
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensity_red_integration_time
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensity_green_integration_time
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensity_blue_integration_time
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_intensity_clear_integration_time
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_integration_time
+KernelVersion: 3.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to get/set the integration time in
+ seconds. If shared across all channels of a given type,
+ <type>_integration_time is used.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_velocity_sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2)_integration_time
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Number of seconds in which to compute speed.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_quaternion_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw value of quaternion components using a format
+ x y z w. Here x, y, and z component represents the axis about
+ which a rotation will occur and w component represents the
+ amount of rotation.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_from_north_true_tilt_comp_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_from_north_magnetic_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_from_north_true_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw value of rotation from true/magnetic north measured with
+ or without compensation from tilt sensors.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_currentY_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_currentY_supply_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw current measurement from channel Y. Units are in milliamps
+ after application of scale and offset. If no offset or scale is
+ present, output should be considered as processed with the
+ unit in milliamps. In special cases where the channel does not
+ correspond to externally available input one of the named
+ versions may be used.
+
+ Channels with 'i' and 'q' modifiers always exist in pairs and both
+ channels refer to the same signal. The 'i' channel contains the in-phase
+ component of the signal while the 'q' channel contains the quadrature
+ component.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altcurrentY_rms_raw
+KernelVersion: 6.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled no bias removal etc.) Root Mean Square (RMS) current
+ measurement from channel Y. Units after application of scale and
+ offset are milliamps.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_energy_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_distance_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_velocity_sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2)_en
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_steps_en
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Activates a device feature that runs in firmware/hardware.
+ E.g. for steps: the pedometer saves power while not used;
+ when activated, it will count the steps taken by the user in
+ firmware and export them through in_steps_input.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_steps_input
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to read the number of steps taken by the user
+ since the last reboot while activated.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_velocity_sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2)_input
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_velocity_sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2)_raw
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to read the current speed value of the
+ user (which is the norm or magnitude of the velocity vector).
+ Units after application of scale are m/s.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_steps_debounce_count
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the number of steps that must occur within
+ in_steps_filter_debounce_time for the pedometer to decide the
+ consumer is making steps.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_steps_debounce_time
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies number of seconds in which we compute the steps
+ that occur in order to decide if the consumer is making steps.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY/watermark
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A single positive integer specifying the maximum number of scan
+ elements to wait for.
+
+ Poll will block until the watermark is reached.
+
+ Blocking read will wait until the minimum between the requested
+ read amount or the low water mark is available.
+
+ Non-blocking read will retrieve the available samples from the
+ buffer even if there are less samples then watermark level. This
+ allows the application to block on poll with a timeout and read
+ the available samples after the timeout expires and thus have a
+ maximum delay guarantee.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY/data_available
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A read-only value indicating the bytes of data available in the
+ buffer. In the case of an output buffer, this indicates the
+ amount of empty space available to write data to. In the case of
+ an input buffer, this indicates the amount of data available for
+ reading.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/hwfifo_enabled
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A read-only boolean value that indicates if the hardware fifo is
+ currently enabled or disabled. If the device does not have a
+ hardware fifo this entry is not present.
+ The hardware fifo is enabled when the buffer is enabled if the
+ current hardware fifo watermark level is set and other current
+ device settings allows it (e.g. if a trigger is set that samples
+ data differently that the hardware fifo does then hardware fifo
+ will not enabled).
+
+ If the hardware fifo is enabled and the level of the hardware
+ fifo reaches the hardware fifo watermark level the device will
+ flush its hardware fifo to the device buffer. Doing a non
+ blocking read on the device when no samples are present in the
+ device buffer will also force a flush.
+
+ When the hardware fifo is enabled there is no need to use a
+ trigger to use buffer mode since the watermark settings
+ guarantees that the hardware fifo is flushed to the device
+ buffer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device*/buffer/hwfifo_timeout
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A read/write property to provide capability to delay reporting of
+ samples till a timeout is reached. This allows host processors to
+ sleep, while the sensor is storing samples in its internal fifo.
+ The maximum timeout in seconds can be specified by setting
+ hwfifo_timeout.The current delay can be read by reading
+ hwfifo_timeout. A value of 0 means that there is no timeout.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/hwfifo_watermark
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only entry that contains a single integer specifying the
+ current watermark level for the hardware fifo. If the device
+ does not have a hardware fifo this entry is not present.
+ The watermark level for the hardware fifo is set by the driver
+ based on the value set by the user in buffer/watermark but
+ taking into account hardware limitations (e.g. most hardware
+ buffers are limited to 32-64 samples, some hardware buffers
+ watermarks are fixed or have minimum levels). A value of 0
+ means that the hardware watermark is unset.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/hwfifo_watermark_min
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A single positive integer specifying the minimum watermark level
+ for the hardware fifo of this device. If the device does not
+ have a hardware fifo this entry is not present.
+
+ If the user sets buffer/watermark to a value less than this one,
+ then the hardware watermark will remain unset.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/hwfifo_watermark_max
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A single positive integer specifying the maximum watermark level
+ for the hardware fifo of this device. If the device does not
+ have a hardware fifo this entry is not present.
+
+ If the user sets buffer/watermark to a value greater than this
+ one, then the hardware watermark will be capped at this value.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/hwfifo_watermark_available
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A list of positive integers specifying the available watermark
+ levels for the hardware fifo. This entry is optional and if it
+ is not present it means that all the values between
+ hwfifo_watermark_min and hwfifo_watermark_max are supported.
+
+ If the user sets buffer/watermark to a value greater than
+ hwfifo_watermak_min but not equal to any of the values in this
+ list, the driver will chose an appropriate value for the
+ hardware fifo watermark level.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_calibemissivity
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_tempY_calibemissivity
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_object_calibemissivity
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_tempY_object_calibemissivity
+KernelVersion: 4.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The emissivity ratio of the surface in the field of view of the
+ contactless temperature sensor. Emissivity varies from 0 to 1,
+ with 1 being the emissivity of a black body.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_x_oversampling_ratio
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_y_oversampling_ratio
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_z_oversampling_ratio
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Hardware applied number of measurements for acquiring one
+ data point. The HW will do <type>[_name]_oversampling_ratio
+ measurements and return the average value as output data. Each
+ value resulted from <type>[_name]_oversampling_ratio measurements
+ is considered as one sample for <type>[_name]_sampling_frequency.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentration_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentrationY_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentration_co2_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentrationY_co2_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentration_ethanol_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentrationY_ethanol_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentration_h2_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentrationY_h2_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentration_o2_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentrationY_o2_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentration_voc_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentrationY_voc_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled no offset etc.) reading of a substance. Units
+ after application of scale and offset are percents.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_resistance_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_resistanceY_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_resistance_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_resistanceY_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled no offset etc.) resistance reading.
+ Units after application of scale and offset are ohms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/heater_enable
+KernelVersion: 4.1.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ '1' (enable) or '0' (disable) specifying the enable
+ of heater function. Same reading values apply.
+
+ This ABI is especially applicable for humidity sensors
+ to heatup the device and get rid of any condensation
+ in some humidity environment
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_ph_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled no offset etc.) pH reading of a substance as a negative
+ base-10 logarithm of hydrodium ions in a litre of water.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/mount_matrix
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_mount_matrix
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_mount_matrix
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_mount_matrix
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_mount_matrix
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Mounting matrix for IIO sensors. This is a rotation matrix which
+ informs userspace about sensor chip's placement relative to the
+ main hardware it is mounted on.
+
+ Main hardware placement is defined according to the local
+ reference frame related to the physical quantity the sensor
+ measures.
+
+ Given that the rotation matrix is defined in a board specific
+ way (platform data and / or device-tree), the main hardware
+ reference frame definition is left to the implementor's choice
+ (see below for a magnetometer example).
+
+ Applications should apply this rotation matrix to samples so
+ that when main hardware reference frame is aligned onto local
+ reference frame, then sensor chip reference frame is also
+ perfectly aligned with it.
+
+ Matrix is a 3x3 unitary matrix and typically looks like
+ [0, 1, 0; 1, 0, 0; 0, 0, -1]. Identity matrix
+ [1, 0, 0; 0, 1, 0; 0, 0, 1] means sensor chip and main hardware
+ are perfectly aligned with each other.
+
+ For example, a mounting matrix for a magnetometer sensor informs
+ userspace about sensor chip's ORIENTATION relative to the main
+ hardware.
+
+ More specifically, main hardware orientation is defined with
+ respect to the LOCAL EARTH GEOMAGNETIC REFERENCE FRAME where :
+
+ * Y is in the ground plane and positive towards magnetic North ;
+ * X is in the ground plane, perpendicular to the North axis and
+ positive towards the East ;
+ * Z is perpendicular to the ground plane and positive upwards.
+
+ An implementor might consider that for a hand-held device, a
+ 'natural' orientation would be 'front facing camera at the top'.
+ The main hardware reference frame could then be described as :
+
+ * Y is in the plane of the screen and is positive towards the
+ top of the screen ;
+ * X is in the plane of the screen, perpendicular to Y axis, and
+ positive towards the right hand side of the screen ;
+ * Z is perpendicular to the screen plane and positive out of the
+ screen.
+
+ Another example for a quadrotor UAV might be :
+
+ * Y is in the plane of the propellers and positive towards the
+ front-view camera;
+ * X is in the plane of the propellers, perpendicular to Y axis,
+ and positive towards the starboard side of the UAV ;
+ * Z is perpendicular to propellers plane and positive upwards.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_electricalconductivity_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.8
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled no offset etc.) electric conductivity reading.
+ Units after application of scale and offset are siemens per
+ meter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_countY_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.10
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This interface is deprecated; please use the Counter subsystem.
+
+ Raw counter device counts from channel Y. For quadrature
+ counters, multiplication by an available [Y]_scale results in
+ the counts of a single quadrature signal phase from channel Y.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_indexY_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.10
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This interface is deprecated; please use the Counter subsystem.
+
+ Raw counter device index value from channel Y. This attribute
+ provides an absolute positional reference (e.g. a pulse once per
+ revolution) which may be used to home positional systems as
+ required.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_count_count_direction_available
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This interface is deprecated; please use the Counter subsystem.
+
+ A list of possible counting directions which are:
+
+ - "up" : counter device is increasing.
+ - "down": counter device is decreasing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_countY_count_direction
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This interface is deprecated; please use the Counter subsystem.
+
+ Raw counter device counters direction for channel Y.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_label
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_label
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Optional symbolic label to a device channel.
+ If a label is defined for this channel add that to the channel
+ specific attributes. This is useful for userspace to be able to
+ better identify an individual channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_phaseY_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled) phase difference reading from channel Y.
+ Units after application of scale and offset are radians.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_massconcentration_pm1_input
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_massconcentrationY_pm1_input
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_massconcentration_pm2p5_input
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_massconcentrationY_pm2p5_input
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_massconcentration_pm4_input
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_massconcentrationY_pm4_input
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_massconcentration_pm10_input
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_massconcentrationY_pm10_input
+KernelVersion: 4.22
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Mass concentration reading of particulate matter in ug / m3.
+ pmX consists of particles with aerodynamic diameter less or
+ equal to X micrometers.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_illuminance_period_available
+Date: November 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ List of valid periods (in seconds) for which the light intensity
+ must be above the threshold level before interrupt is asserted.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_filter_notch_center_frequency
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Center frequency in Hz for a notch filter. Used i.e. for line
+ noise suppression.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_thermocouple_type
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ One of the following thermocouple types: B, E, J, K, N, R, S, T.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp_object_calibambient
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_tempY_object_calibambient
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Calibrated ambient temperature for object temperature
+ calculation in milli degrees Celsius.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_y_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_z_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Unscaled light intensity according to CIE 1931/DIN 5033 color space.
+ Units after application of scale are nano nanowatts per square meter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglY_label
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Optional symbolic label for channel Y.
+ For Intel hid hinge sensor, the label values are:
+ hinge, keyboard, screen. It means the three channels
+ each correspond respectively to hinge angle, keyboard angle,
+ and screen angle.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_hysteresis_relative
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_hysteresis_relative
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specify the percent for light sensor relative to the channel
+ absolute value that a data field should change before an event
+ is generated. Units are a percentage of the prior reading.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/calibration_auto_enable
+Date: June 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Some sensors have the ability to apply auto calibration at
+ runtime. For example, it may be necessary to compensate for
+ contaminant build-up in a measurement chamber or optical
+ element deterioration that would otherwise lead to sensor drift.
+
+ Writing 1 or 0 to this attribute will respectively activate or
+ deactivate this auto calibration function.
+
+ Upon reading, the current status is returned.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/calibration_forced_value
+Date: June 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Some sensors have the ability to apply a manual calibration using
+ a known measurement value, perhaps obtained from an external
+ reference device.
+
+ Writing a value to this function will force such a calibration
+ change. For the scd30 the value should be from the range
+ [400 1 2000].
+
+ Note for the scd30 that a valid value may only be obtained once
+ it is has been written. Until then any read back of this value
+ should be ignored. As for the scd4x an error will be returned
+ immediately if the manual calibration has failed.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/calibration_forced_value_available
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Available range for the forced calibration value, expressed as:
+
+ - a range specified as "[min step max]"
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_sampling_frequency
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_powerY_sampling_frequency
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_currentY_sampling_frequency
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Some devices have separate controls of sampling frequency for
+ individual channels. If multiple channels are enabled in a scan,
+ then the sampling_frequency of the scan may be computed from the
+ per channel sampling frequencies.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_singletap_en
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_doubletap_en
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Device generates an event on a single or double tap.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_singletap_value
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_doubletap_value
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the threshold value that the device is comparing
+ against to generate the tap gesture event. The lower
+ threshold value increases the sensitivity of tap detection.
+ Units and the exact meaning of value are device-specific.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_tap_value_available
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Lists all available threshold values which can be used to
+ modify the sensitivity of the tap detection.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_singletap_reset_timeout
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_doubletap_reset_timeout
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the timeout value in seconds for the tap detector
+ to not to look for another tap event after the event as
+ occurred. Basically the minimum quiet time between the two
+ single-tap's or two double-tap's.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_tap_reset_timeout_available
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Lists all available tap reset timeout values. Units in seconds.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_doubletap_tap2_min_delay
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the minimum quiet time in seconds between the two
+ taps of a double tap.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_doubletap_tap2_min_delay_available
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Lists all available delay values between two taps in the double
+ tap. Units in seconds.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_tap_maxtomin_time
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the maximum time difference allowed between upper
+ and lower peak of tap to consider it as the valid tap event.
+ Units in seconds.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_tap_maxtomin_time_available
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Lists all available time values between upper peak to lower
+ peak. Units in seconds.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_yaw_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_pitch_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_rot_roll_raw
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled) euler angles readings. Units after
+ application of scale are deg.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/serialnumber
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ An example format is 16-bytes, 2-digits-per-byte, HEX-string
+ representing the sensor unique ID number.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/filter_type_available
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage-voltage_filter_type_available
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns a list with the possible filter modes. Options
+ for the attribute:
+
+ * "none" - Filter is disabled/bypassed.
+ * "sinc1" - The digital sinc1 filter. Fast 1st
+ conversion time. Poor noise performance.
+ * "sinc3" - The digital sinc3 filter. Moderate 1st
+ conversion time. Good noise performance.
+ * "sinc3+pf1" - Sinc3 + device specific Post Filter 1.
+ * "sinc3+pf2" - Sinc3 + device specific Post Filter 2.
+ * "sinc3+pf3" - Sinc3 + device specific Post Filter 3.
+ * "sinc3+pf4" - Sinc3 + device specific Post Filter 4.
+ * "sinc3+rej60" - Sinc3 + 60Hz rejection.
+ * "sinc3+sinc1" - Sinc3 + averaging by 8. Low 1st conversion
+ time.
+ * "sinc4" - Sinc 4. Excellent noise performance. Long
+ 1st conversion time.
+ * "sinc4+lp" - Sinc4 + Low Pass Filter.
+ * "sinc4+sinc1" - Sinc4 + averaging by 8. Low 1st conversion
+ time.
+ * "sinc4+rej60" - Sinc4 + 60Hz rejection.
+ * "sinc5" - The digital sinc5 filter. Excellent noise
+ performance
+ * "sinc5+avg" - Sinc5 + averaging by 4.
+ * "sinc5+pf1" - Sinc5 + device specific Post Filter 1.
+ * "sinc5+sinc1" - Sinc5 + Sinc1.
+ * "sinc5+sinc1+pf1" - Sinc5 + Sinc1 + device specific Post Filter 1.
+ * "sinc5+sinc1+pf2" - Sinc5 + Sinc1 + device specific Post Filter 2.
+ * "sinc5+sinc1+pf3" - Sinc5 + Sinc1 + device specific Post Filter 3.
+ * "sinc5+sinc1+pf4" - Sinc5 + Sinc1 + device specific Post Filter 4.
+ * "wideband" - filter with wideband low ripple passband
+ and sharp transition band.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/filter_type
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY-voltageZ_filter_type
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies which filter type apply to the channel. The possible
+ values are given by the filter_type_available attribute.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_proximity_thresh_either_runningperiod
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A running period of time (in seconds) for which
+ in_proximity_thresh_either_runningcount amount of conditions
+ must occur before an event is generated. If direction is not
+ specified then this period applies to both directions.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_proximity_thresh_either_runningcount
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Number of conditions that must occur, during a running
+ period, before an event is generated.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_colortemp_raw
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Represents light color temperature, which measures light color
+ temperature in Kelvin.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_chromaticity_x_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_chromaticity_y_raw
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The x and y light color coordinate on the CIE 1931 chromaticity
+ diagram.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_altvoltageY_mag_either_label
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_altvoltageY_mag_rising_label
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_altvoltageY_thresh_falling_label
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_altvoltageY_thresh_rising_label
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_anglvelY_mag_rising_label
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_anglY_thresh_rising_label
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_phaseY_mag_rising_label
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Optional symbolic label to a device channel event.
+ If a label is defined for this event add that to the event
+ specific attributes. This is useful for userspace to be able to
+ better identify an individual event.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_tap_wait_timeout
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Enable tap gesture confirmation with timeout.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_tap_wait_dur
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Timeout value in seconds for tap gesture confirmation.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_gesture_tap_wait_dur_available
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ List of available timeout value for tap gesture confirmation.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_shunt_resistor
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_current_shunt_resistor
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_power_shunt_resistor
+KernelVersion: 6.10
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The value of current sense resistor in Ohms.
+
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_attention_input
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Value representing the user's attention to the system expressed
+ in units as percentage. This usually means if the user is
+ looking at the screen or not.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-accel-adxl372 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-accel-adxl372
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..47e34f865ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-accel-adxl372
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/name = "adxl372-devX-peak"
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The adxl372 accelerometer kernel module provides an additional trigger,
+ which sets the device in a mode in which it will record only the peak acceleration
+ sensed over the set period of time in the events sysfs.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-accel-bmc150 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-accel-bmc150
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..99847a913af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-accel-bmc150
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/name = "bmc150_accel-any-motion-devX"
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The BMC150 accelerometer kernel module provides an additional trigger,
+ which sets driver in a mode, where data is pushed to the buffer
+ only when there is any motion.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-ad9739a b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-ad9739a
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ed59299e6f8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-ad9739a
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_operating_mode
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ DAC operating mode. One of the following modes can be selected:
+
+ * normal: This is DAC normal mode.
+ * mixed-mode: In this mode the output is effectively chopped at
+ the DAC sample rate. This has the effect of
+ reducing the power of the fundamental signal while
+ increasing the power of the images centered around
+ the DAC sample rate, thus improving the output
+ power of these images.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_operating_mode_available
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Available operating modes.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad-sigma-delta b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad-sigma-delta
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a5a8a579f4f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad-sigma-delta
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_sys_calibration
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute, if available, initiates the system calibration procedure. This is done on a
+ single channel at a time. Write '1' to start the calibration.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_sys_calibration_mode_available
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute, if available, returns a list with the possible calibration modes.
+ There are two available options:
+ "zero_scale" - calibrate to zero scale
+ "full_scale" - calibrate to full scale
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_sys_calibration_mode
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute, if available, sets up the calibration mode used in the system calibration
+ procedure. Reading returns the current calibration mode.
+ Writing sets the system calibration mode.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad4130 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad4130
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d3fad27421d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad4130
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage-voltage_filter_mode_available
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns a list with the possible filter modes.
+
+ This ABI is only kept for backwards compatibility and the values
+ returned are identical to filter_type_available attribute
+ documented in Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio. Please,
+ use filter_type_available like ABI to provide filter options for
+ new drivers.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY-voltageZ_filter_mode
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This ABI is only kept for backwards compatibility and the values
+ returned are identical to in_voltageY-voltageZ_filter_type
+ attribute documented in Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio.
+ Please, use in_voltageY-voltageZ_filter_type for new drivers.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad7192 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad7192
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..28be1cabf112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad7192
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/ac_excitation_en
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute, if available, is used to enable the AC
+ excitation mode found on some converters. In ac excitation mode,
+ the polarity of the excitation voltage is reversed on
+ alternate cycles, to eliminate DC errors.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bridge_switch_en
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute, if available, is used to close or open the
+ bridge power down switch found on some converters.
+ In bridge applications, such as strain gauges and load cells,
+ the bridge itself consumes the majority of the current in the
+ system. To minimize the current consumption of the system,
+ the bridge can be disconnected (when it is not being used
+ using the bridge_switch_en attribute.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage2-voltage2_shorted_raw
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Measure voltage from AIN2 pin connected to AIN(+)
+ and AIN(-) shorted.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad7280a b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad7280a
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..83b7efe6aa07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-ad7280a
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY-voltageZ_balance_switch_en
+KernelVersion: 5.14
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Used to enable an output for balancing cells for time
+ controlled via in_voltage_Y-voltageZ_balance_switch_timer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY-voltageZ_balance_switch_timer
+KernelVersion: 5.14
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Time in seconds for which balance switch will be turned on.
+ Multiple of 71.5 seconds.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-envelope-detector b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-envelope-detector
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1c2a07f7a75e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-envelope-detector
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltageY_invert
+Date: October 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Peter Rosin <peda@axentia.se>
+Description:
+ The DAC is used to find the peak level of an alternating
+ voltage input signal by a binary search using the output
+ of a comparator wired to an interrupt pin. Like so::
+
+ _
+ | \
+ input +------>-------|+ \
+ | \
+ .-------. | }---.
+ | | | / |
+ | dac|-->--|- / |
+ | | |_/ |
+ | | |
+ | | |
+ | irq|------<-------'
+ | |
+ '-------'
+
+ The boolean invert attribute (0/1) should be set when the
+ input signal is centered around the maximum value of the
+ dac instead of zero. The envelope detector will search
+ from below in this case and will also invert the result.
+
+ The edge/level of the interrupt is also switched to its
+ opposite value.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltageY_compare_interval
+Date: October 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Peter Rosin <peda@axentia.se>
+Description:
+ Number of milliseconds to wait for the comparator in each
+ step of the binary search for the input peak level. Needs
+ to relate to the frequency of the input signal.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-hi8435 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-hi8435
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4b01150af397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-hi8435
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_sensing_mode
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2.0
+Contact: source@cogentembedded.com
+Description:
+ Program sensor type for threshold detector inputs.
+ Could be either "GND-Open" or "Supply-Open" mode. Y is a
+ threshold detector input channel. Channels 0..7, 8..15, 16..23
+ and 24..31 has common sensor types.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_thresh_falling_value
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2.0
+Contact: source@cogentembedded.com
+Description:
+ Channel Y low voltage threshold. If sensor input voltage goes lower then
+ this value then the threshold falling event is pushed.
+ Depending on in_voltageY_sensing_mode the low voltage threshold
+ is separately set for "GND-Open" and "Supply-Open" modes.
+ Channels 0..31 have common low threshold values, but could have different
+ sensing_modes.
+
+ The low voltage threshold range is between 2..21V.
+ Hysteresis between low and high thresholds can not be lower then 2 and
+ can not be odd.
+
+ If falling threshold results hysteresis to odd value then rising
+ threshold is automatically subtracted by one.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_voltageY_thresh_rising_value
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2.0
+Contact: source@cogentembedded.com
+Description:
+ Channel Y high voltage threshold. If sensor input voltage goes higher then
+ this value then the threshold rising event is pushed.
+ Depending on in_voltageY_sensing_mode the high voltage threshold
+ is separately set for "GND-Open" and "Supply-Open" modes.
+
+ Channels 0..31 have common high threshold values, but could have different
+ sensing_modes.
+
+ The high voltage threshold range is between 3..22V.
+ Hysteresis between low and high thresholds can not be lower then 2 and
+ can not be odd.
+
+ If rising threshold results hysteresis to odd value then falling
+ threshold is automatically appended by one.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-max11410 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-max11410
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2a53c6b37360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-max11410
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage_filterY_notch_en
+Date: September 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Enable or disable a notch filter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage_filterY_notch_center
+Date: September 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Center frequency of the notch filter in Hz.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-mcp3564 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-mcp3564
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b168aa44b233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-mcp3564
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/boost_current_gain
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to set the gain of the biasing current
+ circuit of the Delta-Sigma modulator. The different BOOST
+ settings are applied to the entire modulator circuit, including
+ the voltage reference buffers.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/boost_current_gain_available
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns a list with the possible gain values for
+ the current biasing circuit of the Delta-Sigma modulator.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/auto_zeroing_mux_enable
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to enable the analog input multiplexer
+ auto-zeroing algorithm (the input multiplexer and the ADC
+ include an offset cancellation algorithm that cancels the offset
+ contribution of the ADC). When the offset cancellation algorithm
+ is enabled, ADC takes two conversions, one with the differential
+ input as VIN+/VIN-, one with VIN+/VIN- inverted. In this case the
+ conversion time is multiplied by two compared to the default
+ case where the algorithm is disabled. This technique allows the
+ cancellation of the ADC offset error and the achievement of
+ ultra-low offset without any digital calibration. The resulting
+ offset is the residue of the difference between the two
+ conversions, which is on the order of magnitude of the noise
+ floor. This offset is effectively canceled at every conversion,
+ so the residual offset error temperature drift is extremely low.
+ Write '1' to enable it, write '0' to disable it.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/auto_zeroing_ref_enable
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to enable the chopping algorithm for the
+ internal voltage reference buffer. This setting has no effect
+ when external voltage reference is selected.
+ Internal voltage reference buffer injects a certain quantity of
+ 1/f noise into the system that can be modulated with the
+ incoming input signals and can limit the SNR performance at
+ higher Oversampling Ratio values (over 256). To overcome this
+ limitation, the buffer includes an auto-zeroing algorithm that
+ greatly reduces (cancels out) the 1/f noise and cancels the
+ offset value of the reference buffer. As a result, the SNR of
+ the system is not affected by this 1/f noise component of the
+ reference buffer, even at maximum oversampling ratio values.
+ Write '1' to enable it, write '0' to disable it.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-mt6360 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-mt6360
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e5a7b1c7cca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-mt6360
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage0_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 USBID ADC which connected to connector ID pin.
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns voltage in uV
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage1_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 VBUS ADC with lower accuracy(+-75mA)
+ higher measure range(1~22mV)
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns voltage in uV
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage2_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 VBUS ADC with higher accuracy(+-30mA)
+ lower measure range(1~9.76V)
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns voltage in uV
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage3_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 VSYS ADC
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns voltage in uV
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage4_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 VBAT ADC
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns voltage in uV
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_current5_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 IBUS ADC
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns voltage in uA
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_current6_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 IBAT ADC
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns voltage in uA
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_current7_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 CHG_VDDP ADC
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns voltage in uV
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_temp8_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 IC junction temperature
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns temperature in degree
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage9_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 VREF_TS ADC
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns voltage in uV
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage10_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.8.0
+Contact: gene_chen@richtek.com
+Description:
+ Indicated MT6360 TS ADC
+ Calculating with scale and offset returns voltage in uV
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-pac1934 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-pac1934
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..625b7f867847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-pac1934
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_shunt_resistorY
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The value of the shunt resistor may be known only at runtime
+ and set by a client application. This attribute allows to
+ set its value in micro-ohms. X is the IIO index of the device.
+ Y is the channel number. The value is used to calculate
+ current, power and accumulated energy.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-stm32 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-stm32
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1975c7a1af34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-stm32
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/trigger_polarity
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Contact: fabrice.gasnier@st.com
+Description:
+ The STM32 ADC can be configured to use external trigger sources
+ (e.g. timers, pwm or exti gpio). Then, it can be tuned to start
+ conversions on external trigger by either:
+
+ - "rising-edge"
+ - "falling-edge"
+ - "both-edges".
+
+ Reading returns current trigger polarity.
+
+ Writing value before enabling conversions sets trigger polarity.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/trigger_polarity_available
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Contact: fabrice.gasnier@st.com
+Description:
+ List all available trigger_polarity settings.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-bno055 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-bno055
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f32b1644e986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-bno055
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_raw_range
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Raw (unscaled) range for acceleration readings. Unit after
+ application of scale is m/s^2. Note that this doesn't affects
+ the scale (which should be used when changing the maximum and
+ minimum readable value affects also the reading scaling factor).
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_raw_range
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Range for angular velocity readings in radians per second. Note
+ that this does not affects the scale (which should be used when
+ changing the maximum and minimum readable value affects also the
+ reading scaling factor).
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_raw_range_available
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ List of allowed values for in_accel_raw_range attribute
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_raw_range_available
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ List of allowed values for in_anglvel_raw_range attribute
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_calibration_fast_enable
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Can be 1 or 0. Enables/disables the "Fast Magnetometer
+ Calibration" HW function.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/fusion_enable
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Can be 1 or 0. Enables/disables the "sensor fusion" (a.k.a.
+ NDOF) HW function.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/calibration_data
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the binary calibration data blob for the IMU sensors.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_calibration_auto_status
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the autocalibration status for the accelerometer sensor.
+ Can be 0 (calibration non even enabled) or 1 to 5 where the greater
+ the number, the better the calibration status.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_gyro_calibration_auto_status
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the autocalibration status for the gyroscope sensor.
+ Can be 0 (calibration non even enabled) or 1 to 5 where the greater
+ the number, the better the calibration status.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_calibration_auto_status
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the autocalibration status for the magnetometer sensor.
+ Can be 0 (calibration non even enabled) or 1 to 5 where the greater
+ the number, the better the calibration status.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/sys_calibration_auto_status
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the status for the IMU overall autocalibration.
+ Can be 0 (calibration non even enabled) or 1 to 5 where the greater
+ the number, the better the calibration status.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-cdc-ad7746 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-cdc-ad7746
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..02ca8941dce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-cdc-ad7746
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_capacitableY_calibbias_calibration
+What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_capacitableY_calibscale_calibration
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Write 1 to trigger a calibration of the calibbias or
+ calibscale. For calibscale, a full scale capacitance should
+ be connected to the capacitance input and a
+ calibscale_calibration then started. For calibbias see
+ the device datasheet section on "capacitive system offset
+ calibration".
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-chemical-sgp40 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-chemical-sgp40
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a95547e874f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-chemical-sgp40
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_temp_raw
+Date: August 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: Andreas Klinger <ak@it-klinger.de>
+Description:
+ Set the temperature. This value is sent to the sensor for
+ temperature compensation.
+ Default value: 25000 (25 °C)
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_humidityrelative_raw
+Date: August 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: Andreas Klinger <ak@it-klinger.de>
+Description:
+ Set the relative humidity. This value is sent to the sensor for
+ humidity compensation.
+ Default value: 50000 (50 % relative humidity)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-chemical-sunrise-co2 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-chemical-sunrise-co2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ee7aeb11709b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-chemical-sunrise-co2
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentration_co2_calibration_factory
+Date: August 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo@jmondi.org>
+Description:
+ Writing '1' triggers a 'Factory' calibration cycle.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentration_co2_calibration_background
+Date: August 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo@jmondi.org>
+Description:
+ Writing '1' triggers a 'Background' calibration cycle.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/error_status_available
+Date: August 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo@jmondi.org>
+Description:
+ Reading returns the list of possible chip error status.
+ Available options are:
+ - 'error_fatal': Analog front-end initialization error
+ - 'error_i2c': Read/write to non-existing register
+ - 'error_algorithm': Corrupted parameters
+ - 'error_calibration': Calibration has failed
+ - 'error_self_diagnostic': Internal interface failure
+ - 'error_out_of_range': Measured concentration out of scale
+ - 'error_memory': Error during memory operations
+ - 'error_no_measurement': Cleared at first measurement
+ - 'error_low_voltage': Sensor regulated voltage too low
+ - 'error_measurement_timeout': Unable to complete measurement
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/error_status
+Date: August 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo@jmondi.org>
+Description:
+ Reading returns the current chip error status.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-chemical-vz89x b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-chemical-vz89x
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d512f865600e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-chemical-vz89x
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_concentration_VOC_short_raw
+Date: September 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Matt Ranostay <matt.ranostay@konsulko.com>
+Description:
+ Get the raw calibration VOC value from the sensor.
+ This value has little application outside of calibration.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-cros-ec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-cros-ec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9e3926243797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-cros-ec
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/calibrate
+Date: July 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing '1' will perform a FOC (Fast Online Calibration). The
+ corresponding calibration offsets can be read from `*_calibbias`
+ entries.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/id
+Date: September 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is exposed by the CrOS EC sensors driver and
+ represents the sensor ID as exposed by the EC. This ID is used
+ by the Android sensor service hardware abstraction layer (sensor
+ HAL) through the Android container on ChromeOS.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..810eaac5533c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_currentY_toggle_en
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Toggle enable. Write 1 to enable toggle or 0 to disable it. This
+ is useful when one wants to change the DAC output codes. For
+ autonomous toggling, the way it should be done is:
+
+ - disable toggle operation;
+ - change out_currentY_rawN, where N is the integer value of the symbol;
+ - enable toggle operation.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_currentY_rawN
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute has the same meaning as out_currentY_raw. It is
+ specific to toggle enabled channels and refers to the DAC output
+ code in INPUT_N (_rawN), where N is the integer value of the symbol.
+ The same scale and offset as in out_currentY_raw applies.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_currentY_symbol
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Performs a SW switch to a predefined output symbol. This attribute
+ is specific to toggle enabled channels and allows switching between
+ multiple predefined symbols. Each symbol corresponds to a different
+ output, denoted as out_currentY_rawN, where N is the integer value
+ of the symbol. Writing an integer value N will select out_currentY_rawN.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_toggle_en
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Toggle enable. Write 1 to enable toggle or 0 to disable it. This
+ is useful when one wants to change the DAC output codes. For
+ autonomous toggling, the way it should be done is:
+
+ - disable toggle operation;
+ - change out_voltageY_rawN, where N is the integer value of the symbol;
+ - enable toggle operation.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_rawN
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute has the same meaning as out_currentY_raw. It is
+ specific to toggle enabled channels and refers to the DAC output
+ code in INPUT_N (_rawN), where N is the integer value of the symbol.
+ The same scale and offset as in out_currentY_raw applies.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_symbol
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Performs a SW switch to a predefined output symbol. This attribute
+ is specific to toggle enabled channels and allows switching between
+ multiple predefined symbols. Each symbol corresponds to a different
+ output, denoted as out_voltageY_rawN, where N is the integer value
+ of the symbol. Writing an integer value N will select out_voltageY_rawN.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac-ad5766 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac-ad5766
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7fbcba15bf1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac-ad5766
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_dither_enable
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Dither enable. Write 1 to enable dither or 0 to disable it.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_dither_invert
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Inverts the dither applied to the selected DAC channel. Dither is not
+ inverted by default. Write "1" to invert dither.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_dither_scale_available
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Returns possible scalings available for the current channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_dither_scale
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Scales the dither before it is applied to the selected channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltageY_dither_source
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Selects dither source applied to the selected channel. Write "0" to
+ select N0 source, write "1" to select N1 source.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac-dpot-dac b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac-dpot-dac
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..580e93f373f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac-dpot-dac
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_raw_available
+Date: October 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Peter Rosin <peda@axentia.se>
+Description:
+ The range of available values represented as the minimum value,
+ the step and the maximum value, all enclosed in square brackets.
+ Example: [0 1 256]
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac-ltc2688 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac-ltc2688
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ae95a5477382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dac-ltc2688
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_dither_en
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Dither enable. Write 1 to enable dither or 0 to disable it. This is useful
+ for changing the dither parameters. They way it should be done is:
+
+ - disable dither operation;
+ - change dither parameters (eg: frequency, phase...);
+ - enabled dither operation
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_dither_raw
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This raw, unscaled value refers to the dither signal amplitude.
+ The same scale as in out_voltageY_raw applies. However, the
+ offset might be different as it's always 0 for this attribute.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_dither_raw_available
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Available range for dither raw amplitude values.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_dither_offset
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Offset applied to out_voltageY_dither_raw. Read only attribute
+ always set to 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_dither_frequency
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Sets the dither signal frequency. Units are in Hz.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_dither_frequency_available
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Returns the available values for the dither frequency.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_dither_phase
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Sets the dither signal phase. Units are in Radians.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_voltageY_dither_phase_available
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Returns the available values for the dither phase.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dfsdm-adc-stm32 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dfsdm-adc-stm32
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..91439d6d60b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dfsdm-adc-stm32
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_voltage_spi_clk_freq
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: arnaud.pouliquen@st.com
+Description:
+ For audio purpose only.
+
+ Used by audio driver to set/get the spi input frequency.
+
+ This is mandatory if DFSDM is slave on SPI bus, to
+ provide information on the SPI clock frequency during runtime
+ Notice that the SPI frequency should be a multiple of sample
+ frequency to ensure the precision.
+
+ if DFSDM input is SPI master:
+
+ Reading SPI clkout frequency,
+ error on writing
+
+ If DFSDM input is SPI Slave:
+
+ Reading returns value previously set.
+ Writing value before starting conversions.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-distance-srf08 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-distance-srf08
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9dae94aa880b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-distance-srf08
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/sensor_max_range
+Date: January 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Show or set the maximum range between the sensor and the
+ first object echoed in meters. Default value is 6.020.
+ This setting limits the time the driver is waiting for a
+ echo.
+
+ Showing the range of available values is represented as the
+ minimum value, the step and the maximum value, all enclosed
+ in square brackets.
+
+ Example::
+
+ [0.043 0.043 11.008]
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dma-buffer b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dma-buffer
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d526e6571001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-dma-buffer
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/length_align_bytes
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ DMA buffers tend to have a alignment requirement for the
+ buffers. If this alignment requirement is not met samples might
+ be dropped from the buffer.
+
+ This property reports the alignment requirements in bytes.
+ This means that the buffer size in bytes needs to be a integer
+ multiple of the number reported by this file.
+
+ The alignment requirements in number of sample sets will depend
+ on the enabled channels and the bytes per channel. This means
+ that the alignment requirement in samples sets might change
+ depending on which and how many channels are enabled. Whereas
+ the alignment requirement reported in bytes by this property
+ will remain static and does not depend on which channels are
+ enabled.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-filter-admv8818 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-filter-admv8818
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c431f0a13cf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-filter-admv8818
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/filter_mode_available
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading this returns the valid values that can be written to the
+ filter_mode attribute:
+
+ - auto -> Adjust bandpass filter to track changes in input clock rate.
+ - manual -> disable/unregister the clock rate notifier / input clock tracking.
+ - bypass -> bypass low pass filter, high pass filter and disable/unregister
+ the clock rate notifier
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/filter_mode
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute configures the filter mode.
+ Reading returns the actual mode.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-ad9523 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-ad9523
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d065cda7dd96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-ad9523
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/pll2_feedback_clk_present
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/pll2_reference_clk_present
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/pll1_reference_clk_a_present
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/pll1_reference_clk_b_present
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/pll1_reference_clk_test_present
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/vcxo_clk_present
+KernelVersion: 3.4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns either '1' or '0'.
+
+ '1' means that the clock in question is present.
+
+ '0' means that the clock is missing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/pllY_locked
+KernelVersion: 3.4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns either '1' or '0'. '1' means that the
+ pllY is locked.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/sync_dividers
+KernelVersion: 3.4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing '1' triggers the clock distribution synchronization
+ functionality. All dividers are reset and the channels start
+ with their predefined phase offsets (out_altvoltageY_phase).
+ Writing this file has the effect as driving the external
+ /SYNC pin low.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-adf4350 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-adf4350
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1254457a726e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-adf4350
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_frequency_resolution
+KernelVersion: 3.4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Stores channel Y frequency resolution/channel spacing in Hz.
+ The value given directly influences the MODULUS used by
+ the fractional-N PLL. It is assumed that the algorithm
+ that is used to compute the various dividers, is able to
+ generate proper values for multiples of channel spacing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_refin_frequency
+KernelVersion: 3.4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Sets channel Y REFin frequency in Hz. In some clock chained
+ applications, the reference frequency used by the PLL may
+ change during runtime. This attribute allows the user to
+ adjust the reference frequency accordingly.
+ The value written has no effect until out_altvoltageY_frequency
+ is updated. Consider to use out_altvoltageY_powerdown to power
+ down the PLL and its RFOut buffers during REFin changes.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-adf4371 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-adf4371
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7fe6935d1448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-adf4371
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_name
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns the datasheet name for channel Y::
+
+ out_altvoltage0_name: RF8x
+ out_altvoltage1_name: RFAUX8x
+ out_altvoltage2_name: RF16x
+ out_altvoltage3_name: RF32x
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-admv1013 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-admv1013
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9cf8cd0dd2df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-admv1013
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage0-altvoltage1_i_calibphase
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read/write unscaled value for the Local Oscillatior path quadrature I phase shift.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage0-altvoltage1_q_calibphase
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read/write unscaled value for the Local Oscillatior path quadrature Q phase shift.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage0_i_calibbias
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read/write value for the Local Oscillatior Feedthrough Offset Calibration I Positive
+ side.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage0_q_calibbias
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read/write value for the Local Oscillatior Feedthrough Offset Calibration Q Positive side.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage1_i_calibbias
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read/write raw value for the Local Oscillatior Feedthrough Offset Calibration I Negative
+ side.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage1_q_calibbias
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read/write raw value for the Local Oscillatior Feedthrough Offset Calibration Q Negative
+ side.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-admv1014 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-admv1014
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..395010a0ef8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-frequency-admv1014
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage0_i_calibscale_coarse
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read/write value for the digital attenuator gain (IF_I) with coarse steps.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage0_q_calibscale_coarse
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read/write value for the digital attenuator gain (IF_Q) with coarse steps.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage0_i_calibscale_fine
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read/write value for the digital attenuator gain (IF_I) with fine steps.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_altvoltage0_q_calibscale_fine
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read/write value for the digital attenuator gain (IF_Q) with fine steps.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-gyro-bmg160 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-gyro-bmg160
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e98209c9155e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-gyro-bmg160
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/name = "bmg160-any-motion-devX"
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The BMG160 gyro kernel module provides an additional trigger,
+ which sets driver in a mode, where data is pushed to the buffer
+ only when there is any motion.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-health-afe440x b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-health-afe440x
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a8e04b41d9ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-health-afe440x
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_raw
+Date: May 2016
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: Andrew F. Davis <afd@ti.com>
+Description:
+ Get measured values from the ADC for these stages. Y is the
+ specific stage number corresponding to datasheet stage names
+ as follows:
+
+ == ==========
+ 1 LED2
+ 2 ALED2/LED3
+ 3 LED1
+ 4 ALED1/LED4
+ == ==========
+
+ Note that channels 5 and 6 represent LED2-ALED2 and LED1-ALED1
+ respectively which simply helper channels containing the
+ calculated difference in the value of stage 1 - 2 and 3 - 4.
+ The values are expressed in 24-bit twos complement.
+ The LED current for the stage is controlled via
+ out_currentY_raw.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_offset
+Date: May 2016
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: Andrew F. Davis <afd@ti.com>
+Description:
+ Get and set the offset cancellation DAC setting for these
+ stages. The values are expressed in 5-bit sign-magnitude.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_resistance
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_capacitance
+Date: May 2016
+KernelVersion:
+Contact: Andrew F. Davis <afd@ti.com>
+Description:
+ Get and set the resistance and the capacitance settings for the
+ Transimpedance Amplifier during the associated stage.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-humidity b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-humidity
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cb0d7e75d297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-humidity
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_current_heater_raw
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_current_heater_raw_available
+KernelVersion: 5.3.8
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Controls the heater device within the humidity sensor to get
+ rid of excess condensation.
+
+ In some devices, this is just a switch in which case 0 = OFF,
+ and 1 = ON.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-impedance-analyzer-ad5933 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-impedance-analyzer-ad5933
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0e86747c67f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-impedance-analyzer-ad5933
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_frequency_start
+Date: March 2019
+KernelVersion: 3.1.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Frequency sweep start frequency in Hz.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_frequency_increment
+Date: March 2019
+KernelVersion: 3.1.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Frequency increment in Hz (step size) between consecutive
+ frequency points along the sweep.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_frequency_points
+Date: March 2019
+KernelVersion: 3.1.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Number of frequency points (steps) in the frequency sweep.
+ This value, in conjunction with the
+ out_altvoltageY_frequency_start and the
+ out_altvoltageY_frequency_increment, determines the frequency
+ sweep range for the sweep operation.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_altvoltageY_settling_cycles
+Date: March 2019
+KernelVersion: 3.1.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Number of output excitation cycles (settling time cycles)
+ that are allowed to pass through the unknown impedance,
+ after each frequency increment, and before the ADC is triggered
+ to perform a conversion sequence of the response signal.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-ina2xx-adc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-ina2xx-adc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8dbca113112d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-ina2xx-adc
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_allow_async_readout
+Date: December 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ By default (value '0'), the capture thread checks for the Conversion
+ Ready Flag to being set prior to committing a new value to the sample
+ buffer. This synchronizes the in-chip conversion rate with the
+ in-driver readout rate at the cost of an additional register read.
+
+ Writing '1' will remove the polling for the Conversion Ready Flags to
+ save the additional i2c transaction, which will improve the bandwidth
+ available for reading data. However, samples can be occasionally skipped
+ or repeated, depending on the beat between the capture and conversion
+ rates.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-inv_icm42600 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-inv_icm42600
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7eeacfb7650d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-inv_icm42600
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_power_mode
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Accelerometer power mode. Setting this attribute will set the
+ requested power mode to use if the ODR support it. If ODR
+ support only 1 mode, power mode will be enforced.
+ Reading this attribute will return the current accelerometer
+ power mode if the sensor is on, or the requested value if the
+ sensor is off. The value between real and requested value can
+ be different for ODR supporting only 1 mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_power_mode_available
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ List of available accelerometer power modes that can be set in
+ in_accel_power_mode attribute.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-isl29501 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-isl29501
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d009cfbbd72b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-isl29501
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity0_agc_gain
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity0_agc_gain_bias
+KernelVersion: 4.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This sensor has an automatic gain control (agc) loop
+ which sets the analog signal levels at an optimum
+ level by controlling programmable gain amplifiers. The
+ criteria for optimal gain is determined by the sensor.
+
+ Return the actual gain value as an integer in [0; 65536]
+ range when read from.
+
+ The agc gain read when measuring crosstalk shall be
+ written into in_proximity0_agc_gain_bias.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity0_calib_phase_temp_a
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity0_calib_phase_temp_b
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity0_calib_phase_light_a
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity0_calib_phase_light_b
+KernelVersion: 4.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The sensor is able to perform correction of distance
+ measurements due to changing temperature and ambient
+ light conditions. It can be programmed to correct for
+ a second order error polynomial.
+
+ Phase data has to be collected when temperature and
+ ambient light are modulated independently.
+
+ Then a least squares curve fit to a second order
+ polynomial has to be generated from the data. The
+ resultant curves have the form ax^2 + bx + c.
+
+ From those two curves, a and b coefficients shall be
+ stored in in_proximity0_calib_phase_temp_a and
+ in_proximity0_calib_phase_temp_b for temperature and
+ in in_proximity0_calib_phase_light_a and
+ in_proximity0_calib_phase_light_b for ambient light.
+
+ Those values must be integer in [0; 8355840] range.
+
+ Finally, the c constant is set by the sensor
+ internally.
+
+ The value stored in sensor is displayed when read from.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-isl29018 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-isl29018
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..220206a20d98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-isl29018
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/proximity_on_chip_ambient_infrared_suppression
+Date: January 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ From ISL29018 Data Sheet (FN6619.4, Oct 8, 2012) regarding the
+ infrared suppression:
+
+ Scheme 0, makes full n (4, 8, 12, 16) bits (unsigned) proximity
+ detection. The range of Scheme 0 proximity count is from 0 to
+ 2^n. Logic 1 of this bit, Scheme 1, makes n-1 (3, 7, 11, 15)
+ bits (2's complementary) proximity_less_ambient detection. The
+ range of Scheme 1 proximity count is from -2^(n-1) to 2^(n-1).
+ The sign bit is extended for resolutions less than 16. While
+ Scheme 0 has wider dynamic range, Scheme 1 proximity detection
+ is less affected by the ambient IR noise variation.
+
+ == =============================================
+ 0 Sensing IR from LED and ambient
+ 1 Sensing IR from LED with ambient IR rejection
+ == =============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-lm3533-als b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-lm3533-als
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c476d48d0f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-lm3533-als
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance0_thresh_either_en
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Event generated when channel passes one of the four thresholds
+ in each direction (rising|falling) and a zone change occurs.
+ The corresponding light zone can be read from
+ in_illuminance0_zone.
+
+What: /sys/.../events/in_illuminance0_threshY_hysteresis
+Date: May 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Get the hysteresis for thresholds Y, that is,
+ threshY_hysteresis = threshY_raising - threshY_falling
+
+What: /sys/.../events/illuminance_threshY_falling_value
+What: /sys/.../events/illuminance_threshY_raising_value
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Specifies the value of threshold that the device is comparing
+ against for the events enabled by
+ in_illuminance0_thresh_either_en (0..255), where Y in 0..3.
+
+ Note that threshY_falling must be less than or equal to
+ threshY_raising.
+
+ These thresholds correspond to the eight zone-boundary
+ registers (boundaryY_{low,high}) and define the five light
+ zones.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_illuminance0_zone
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Get the current light zone (0..4) as defined by the
+ in_illuminance0_threshY_{falling,rising} thresholds.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_currentY_currentZ_raw
+Date: May 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set the output current for channel out_currentY when in zone
+ Z (0..255), where Y in 0..2 and Z in 0..4.
+
+ These values correspond to the ALS-mapper target registers for
+ ALS-mapper Y + 1.
+
+ Note that out_currentY_raw provides the current for the
+ current zone.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-si1133 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-si1133
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6f130cdb26a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-si1133
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_ir_small_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Unit-less infrared intensity. The intensity is measured from 1
+ dark photodiode. "small" indicate the surface area capturing
+ infrared.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_ir_large_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Unit-less infrared intensity. The intensity is measured from 4
+ dark photodiodes. "large" indicate the surface area capturing
+ infrared.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_large_raw
+KernelVersion: 4.18
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Unit-less light intensity with more diodes.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-tsl2583 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-tsl2583
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a2e19964e87e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-tsl2583
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/device[n]/in_illuminance_calibrate
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This property causes an internal calibration of the als gain trim
+ value which is later used in calculating illuminance in lux.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/device[n]/in_illuminance_lux_table
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This property gets/sets the table of coefficients
+ used in calculating illuminance in lux.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/device[n]/in_illuminance_input_target
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This property is the known externally illuminance (in lux).
+ It is used in the process of calibrating the device accuracy.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-tsl2772 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-tsl2772
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2798b258bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-light-tsl2772
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/device[n]/in_illuminance0_calibrate
+KernelVersion: 3.3-rc1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Causes an internal calibration of the als gain trim
+ value which is later used in calculating illuminance in lux.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/device[n]/in_proximity0_calibrate
+KernelVersion: 3.3-rc1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Causes a recalculation and adjustment to the
+ proximity_thresh_rising_value.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-magnetometer-hmc5843 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-magnetometer-hmc5843
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..13f099ef6a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-magnetometer-hmc5843
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/meas_conf
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/meas_conf_available
+KernelVersion: 4.5
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Current configuration and available configurations
+ for the bias current.
+
+ ============ ============================================
+ normal Normal measurement configurations (default)
+ positivebias Positive bias configuration
+ negativebias Negative bias configuration
+ disabled Only available on HMC5983. Disables magnetic
+ sensor and enables temperature sensor.
+ ============ ============================================
+
+ Note:
+ The effect of this configuration may vary
+ according to the device. For exact documentation
+ check the device's datasheet.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-meas-spec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-meas-spec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d47e548eee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-meas-spec
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/battery_low
+KernelVersion: 4.1.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns either '1' or '0'. '1' means that the
+ battery level supplied to sensor is below 2.25V.
+ This ABI is available for tsys02d, htu21, ms8607
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-mpu6050 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-mpu6050
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cb53737aacbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-mpu6050
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_gyro_matrix
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_accel_matrix
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_magn_matrix
+KernelVersion: 3.4.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This is mounting matrix for motion sensors. Mounting matrix
+ is a 3x3 unitary matrix. A typical mounting matrix would look like
+ [0, 1, 0; 1, 0, 0; 0, 0, -1]. Using this information, it would be
+ easy to tell the relative positions among sensors as well as their
+ positions relative to the board that holds these sensors. Identity matrix
+ [1, 0, 0; 0, 1, 0; 0, 0, 1] means sensor chip and device are perfectly
+ aligned with each other. All axes are exactly the same.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-potentiometer-mcp4531 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-potentiometer-mcp4531
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2a91fbe394fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-potentiometer-mcp4531
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_resistance_raw_available
+Date: October 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Peter Rosin <peda@axentia.se>
+Description:
+ The range of available values represented as the minimum value,
+ the step and the maximum value, all enclosed in square brackets.
+ Example: [0 1 256]
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9b9d1cc9b703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity_nearlevel
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Near level for proximity sensors. This is a single integer
+ value that tells user space when an object should be
+ considered close to the device. If the value read from the
+ sensor is above or equal to the value in this file an object
+ should typically be considered near.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/sensor_sensitivity
+Date: March 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Proximity sensors sometimes have a controllable amplifier
+ on the signal from which time of flight measurements are
+ taken.
+ The appropriate values to take is dependent on both the
+ sensor and its operating environment:
+ * as3935 (0-31 range)
+ 18 = indoors (default)
+ 14 = outdoors
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity-as3935 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity-as3935
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1e5c40775a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity-as3935
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity_input
+Date: March 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: Matt Ranostay <matt.ranostay@konsulko.com>
+Description:
+ Get the current distance in meters of storm (1km steps)
+ 1000-40000 = distance in meters
+
+What /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/noise_level_tripped
+Date: May 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Matt Ranostay <matt.ranostay@konsulko.com>
+Description:
+ When 1 the noise level is over the trip level and not reporting
+ valid data
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-resolver-ad2s1210 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-resolver-ad2s1210
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f92c79342b93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-resolver-ad2s1210
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_altvoltage0_mag_rising_reset_max
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns the current Degradation of Signal Reset Maximum
+ Threshold value in millivolts. Writing sets the value.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_altvoltage0_mag_rising_reset_max_available
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns the allowable voltage range for
+ in_altvoltage0_mag_rising_reset_max.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_altvoltage0_mag_rising_reset_min
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns the current Degradation of Signal Reset Minimum
+ Threshold value in millivolts. Writing sets the value.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/events/in_altvoltage0_mag_rising_reset_min_available
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reading returns the allowable voltage range for
+ in_altvoltage0_mag_rising_reset_min.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-sps30 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-sps30
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..06e1c272537b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-sps30
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/start_cleaning
+Date: December 2018
+KernelVersion: 5.0
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing 1 starts sensor self cleaning. Internal fan accelerates
+ to its maximum speed and keeps spinning for about 10 seconds in
+ order to blow out accumulated dust.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/cleaning_period
+Date: January 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Sensor is capable of triggering self cleaning periodically.
+ Period can be changed by writing a new value here. Upon reading
+ the current one is returned. Units are seconds.
+
+ Writing 0 disables periodical self cleaning entirely.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/cleaning_period_available
+Date: January 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The range of available values in seconds represented as the
+ minimum value, the step and the maximum value, all enclosed in
+ square brackets.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-sx9310 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-sx9310
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3ac7759013e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-sx9310
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity3_comb_raw
+Date: February 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: Daniel Campello <campello@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ Proximity measurement indicating that some object is
+ near the combined sensor. The combined sensor presents
+ proximity measurements constructed by hardware by
+ combining measurements taken from a given set of
+ physical sensors.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-sx9324 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-sx9324
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a8342770e7cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-sx9324
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity<id>_setup
+Date: November 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.17
+Contact: Gwendal Grignou <gwendal@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ SX9324 has 3 inputs, CS0, CS1 and CS2. Hardware layout
+ defines if the input is
+
+ + not connected (HZ),
+ + grounded (GD),
+ + connected to an antenna where it can act as a base
+ (DS - data shield), or measured input (MI).
+
+ The sensor rotates measurement across 4 phases
+ (PH0, PH1, PH2, PH3), where the inputs are configured
+ and then measured.
+
+ By default, during the first phase, [PH0], CS0 is measured,
+ while CS1 and CS2 are used as shields.
+ `cat in_proximity0_setup` returns "MI,DS,DS".
+ [PH1], CS1 is measured, CS0 and CS2 are shield:
+ `cat in_proximity1_setup` returns "DS,MI,DS".
+ [PH2], CS2 is measured, CS0 and CS1 are shield:
+ `cat in_proximity1_setup` returns "DS,DS,MI".
+ [PH3], CS1 and CS2 are measured (combo mode):
+ `cat in_proximity1_setup` returns "DS,MI,MI".
+
+ Note, these are the chip default. Hardware layout will most
+ likely dictate different output. The entry is read-only.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-thermocouple b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-thermocouple
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..01259df297ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-thermocouple
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/fault_ovuv
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Overvoltage or Undervoltage Input Fault. The internal circuitry
+ is protected from excessive voltages applied to the thermocouple
+ cables. The device can also detect if such a condition occurs.
+
+ Reading returns '1' if input voltage is negative or greater
+ than VDD, otherwise '0'.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/fault_oc
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Open-circuit fault. The detection of open-circuit faults,
+ such as those caused by broken thermocouple wires.
+ Reading returns '1' if fault, '0' otherwise.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-timer-stm32 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-timer-stm32
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..05074c4a65e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-timer-stm32
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/master_mode_available
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Contact: benjamin.gaignard@st.com
+Description:
+ Reading returns the list possible master modes which are:
+
+
+ - "reset"
+ The UG bit from the TIMx_EGR register is
+ used as trigger output (TRGO).
+ - "enable"
+ The Counter Enable signal CNT_EN is used
+ as trigger output.
+ - "update"
+ The update event is selected as trigger output.
+ For instance a master timer can then be used
+ as a prescaler for a slave timer.
+ - "compare_pulse"
+ The trigger output send a positive pulse
+ when the CC1IF flag is to be set.
+ - "OC1REF"
+ OC1REF signal is used as trigger output.
+ - "OC2REF"
+ OC2REF signal is used as trigger output.
+ - "OC3REF"
+ OC3REF signal is used as trigger output.
+ - "OC4REF"
+ OC4REF signal is used as trigger output.
+
+ Additional modes (on TRGO2 only):
+
+ - "OC5REF"
+ OC5REF signal is used as trigger output.
+ - "OC6REF"
+ OC6REF signal is used as trigger output.
+ - "compare_pulse_OC4REF":
+ OC4REF rising or falling edges generate pulses.
+ - "compare_pulse_OC6REF":
+ OC6REF rising or falling edges generate pulses.
+ - "compare_pulse_OC4REF_r_or_OC6REF_r":
+ OC4REF or OC6REF rising edges generate pulses.
+ - "compare_pulse_OC4REF_r_or_OC6REF_f":
+ OC4REF rising or OC6REF falling edges generate
+ pulses.
+ - "compare_pulse_OC5REF_r_or_OC6REF_r":
+ OC5REF or OC6REF rising edges generate pulses.
+ - "compare_pulse_OC5REF_r_or_OC6REF_f":
+ OC5REF rising or OC6REF falling edges generate
+ pulses.
+
+ ::
+
+ +-----------+ +-------------+ +---------+
+ | Prescaler +-> | Counter | +-> | Master | TRGO(2)
+ +-----------+ +--+--------+-+ |-> | Control +-->
+ | | || +---------+
+ +--v--------+-+ OCxREF || +---------+
+ | Chx compare +----------> | Output | ChX
+ +-----------+-+ | | Control +-->
+ . | | +---------+
+ . | | .
+ +-----------v-+ OC6REF | .
+ | Ch6 compare +---------+>
+ +-------------+
+
+ Example with: "compare_pulse_OC4REF_r_or_OC6REF_r"::
+
+ X
+ X X
+ X . . X
+ X . . X
+ X . . X
+ count X . . . . X
+ . . . .
+ . . . .
+ +---------------+
+ OC4REF | . . |
+ +-+ . . +-+
+ . +---+ .
+ OC6REF . | | .
+ +-------+ +-------+
+ +-+ +-+
+ TRGO2 | | | |
+ +-+ +---+ +---------+
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/master_mode
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Contact: benjamin.gaignard@st.com
+Description:
+ Reading returns the current master modes.
+ Writing set the master mode
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_count0_preset
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: benjamin.gaignard@st.com
+Description:
+ Reading returns the current preset value.
+ Writing sets the preset value.
+ When counting up the counter starts from 0 and fires an
+ event when reach preset value.
+ When counting down the counter start from preset value
+ and fire event when reach 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_count_enable_mode_available
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: benjamin.gaignard@st.com
+Description:
+ Reading returns the list possible enable modes.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_count0_enable_mode
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: benjamin.gaignard@st.com
+Description:
+ Configure the device counter enable modes, in all case
+ counting direction is set by in_count0_count_direction
+ attribute and the counter is clocked by the internal clock.
+
+ always:
+ Counter is always ON.
+
+ gated:
+ Counting is enabled when connected trigger signal
+ level is high else counting is disabled.
+
+ triggered:
+ Counting is enabled on rising edge of the connected
+ trigger, and remains enabled for the duration of this
+ selected mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_count_trigger_mode_available
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: benjamin.gaignard@st.com
+Description:
+ Reading returns the list possible trigger modes.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_count0_trigger_mode
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: benjamin.gaignard@st.com
+Description:
+ Configure the device counter trigger mode
+ counting direction is set by in_count0_count_direction
+ attribute and the counter is clocked by the connected trigger
+ rising edges.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-trigger-sysfs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-trigger-sysfs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..04ac62305018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-trigger-sysfs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/trigger_now
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This file is provided by the iio-trig-sysfs stand-alone trigger
+ driver. Writing this file with any value triggers an event
+ driven driver, associated with this trigger, to capture data
+ into an in kernel buffer. This approach can be valuable during
+ automated testing or in situations, where other trigger methods
+ are not applicable. For example no RTC or spare GPIOs.
+ X is the IIO index of the trigger.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/name
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The name attribute holds a description string for the current
+ trigger. In order to associate the trigger with an IIO device
+ one should write this name string to
+ /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceY/trigger/current_trigger.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio_sysfs_trigger/add_trigger
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is provided by the iio-trig-sysfs stand-alone
+ driver and it is used to activate the creation of a new trigger.
+ In order to achieve this, one should write a positive integer
+ into the associated file, which will serve as the id of the
+ trigger. If the trigger with the specified id is already present
+ in the system, an invalid argument message will be returned.
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio_sysfs_trigger/remove_trigger
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute is used to unregister and delete a previously
+ created trigger from the list of available triggers. In order to
+ achieve this, one should write a positive integer into the
+ associated file, representing the id of the trigger that needs
+ to be removed. If the trigger can't be found, an invalid
+ argument message will be returned to the user.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-vf610 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-vf610
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..491ead804488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-vf610
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_conversion_mode
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the hardware conversion mode used. The three
+ available modes are "normal", "high-speed" and "low-power",
+ where the last is the default mode.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_conversion_mode
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the hardware conversion mode used within DAC.
+ The two available modes are "high-power" and "low-power",
+ where "low-power" mode is the default mode.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-devices-gth b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-devices-gth
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7b2278fe042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-devices-gth
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-gth/masters/*
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Configure output ports for STP masters. Writing -1
+ disables a master; any
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-gth/outputs/[0-7]_port
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RO) Output port type:
+
+ == =========================
+ 0 not present,
+ 1 MSU (Memory Storage Unit)
+ 2 CTP (Common Trace Port)
+ 4 PTI (MIPI PTI).
+ == =========================
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-gth/outputs/[0-7]_drop
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Data retention policy setting: keep (0) or drop (1)
+ incoming data while output port is in reset.
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-gth/outputs/[0-7]_null
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) STP NULL packet generation: enabled (1) or disabled (0).
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-gth/outputs/[0-7]_flush
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Force flush data from byte packing buffer for the output
+ port.
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-gth/outputs/[0-7]_reset
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RO) Output port is in reset (1).
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-gth/outputs/[0-7]_smcfreq
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) STP sync packet frequency for the port. Specifies the
+ number of clocks between mainenance packets.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-devices-msc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-devices-msc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a74252e580a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-devices-msc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-msc<msc-id>/wrap
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Configure MSC buffer wrapping. 1 == wrapping enabled.
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-msc<msc-id>/mode
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Configure MSC operating mode:
+
+ - "single", for contiguous buffer mode (high-order alloc);
+ - "multi", for multiblock mode;
+ - "ExI", for DCI handler mode;
+ - "debug", for debug mode;
+ - any of the currently loaded buffer sinks.
+
+ If operating mode changes, existing buffer is deallocated,
+ provided there are no active users and tracing is not enabled,
+ otherwise the write will fail.
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-msc<msc-id>/nr_pages
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Configure MSC buffer size for "single" or "multi" modes.
+
+ In single mode, this is a single number of pages, has to be
+ power of 2. In multiblock mode, this is a comma-separated list
+ of numbers of pages for each window to be allocated. Number of
+ windows is not limited.
+
+ Writing to this file deallocates existing buffer (provided
+ there are no active users and tracing is not enabled) and then
+ allocates a new one.
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-msc<msc-id>/win_switch
+Date: May 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Trigger window switch for the MSC's buffer, in
+ multi-window mode. In "multi" mode, accepts writes of "1", thereby
+ triggering a window switch for the buffer. Returns an error in any
+ other operating mode or attempts to write something other than "1".
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-msc<msc-id>/stop_on_full
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Configure whether trace stops when the last available window
+ becomes full (1/y/Y) or wraps around and continues until the next
+ window becomes available again (0/n/N).
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-devices-pti b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-devices-pti
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..df0b24fd0218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-devices-pti
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-pti/mode
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Configure PTI output width. Currently supported values
+ are 4, 8, 12, 16.
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-pti/freerunning_clock
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) 0: PTI trace clock acts as a strobe which only toggles
+ when there is trace data to send. 1: PTI trace clock is a
+ free-running clock.
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-pti/clock_divider
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Configure PTI port clock divider:
+ - 0: Intel TH clock rate,
+ - 1: 1/2 Intel TH clock rate,
+ - 2: 1/4 Intel TH clock rate,
+ - 3: 1/8 Intel TH clock rate.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-output-devices b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-output-devices
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d1f667104944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-output-devices
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-<device><id>/active
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RW) Writes of 1 or 0 enable or disable trace output to this
+ output device. Reads return current status. Requires that the
+ correstponding output port driver be loaded.
+
+What: /sys/bus/intel_th/devices/<intel_th_id>-msc<msc-id>/port
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description: (RO) Port number, corresponding to this output device on the
+ switch (GTH) or "unassigned" if the corresponding output
+ port driver is not loaded.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mcb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mcb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..77947c509796
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mcb
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+What: /sys/bus/mcb/devices/mcb:X
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Johannes Thumshirn <jth@kernel.org>
+Description: Hardware chip or device hosting the MEN chameleon bus
+
+What: /sys/bus/mcb/devices/mcb:X/revision
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Johannes Thumshirn <jth@kernel.org>
+Description: The FPGA's revision number
+
+What: /sys/bus/mcb/devices/mcb:X/minor
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Johannes Thumshirn <jth@kernel.org>
+Description: The FPGA's minor number
+
+What: /sys/bus/mcb/devices/mcb:X/model
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Johannes Thumshirn <jth@kernel.org>
+Description: The FPGA's model number
+
+What: /sys/bus/mcb/devices/mcb:X/name
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Johannes Thumshirn <jth@kernel.org>
+Description: The FPGA's name
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mdio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mdio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..38be04dfc05e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mdio
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+What: /sys/bus/mdio_bus/devices/.../statistics/
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/.../statistics/
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This folder contains statistics about global and per
+ MDIO bus address statistics.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mdio_bus/devices/.../statistics/transfers
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/.../transfers
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Total number of transfers for this MDIO bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mdio_bus/devices/.../statistics/errors
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/.../statistics/errors
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Total number of transfer errors for this MDIO bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mdio_bus/devices/.../statistics/writes
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/.../statistics/writes
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Total number of write transactions for this MDIO bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mdio_bus/devices/.../statistics/reads
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/.../statistics/reads
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Total number of read transactions for this MDIO bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mdio_bus/devices/.../statistics/transfers_<addr>
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/.../statistics/transfers_<addr>
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Total number of transfers for this MDIO bus address.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mdio_bus/devices/.../statistics/errors_<addr>
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/.../statistics/errors_<addr>
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Total number of transfer errors for this MDIO bus address.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mdio_bus/devices/.../statistics/writes_<addr>
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/.../statistics/writes_<addr>
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Total number of write transactions for this MDIO bus address.
+
+What: /sys/bus/mdio_bus/devices/.../statistics/reads_<addr>
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/.../statistics/reads_<addr>
+Date: January 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Total number of read transactions for this MDIO bus address.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-media b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-media
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7057e574154a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-media
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+What: /sys/bus/media/devices/.../model
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
+ linux-media@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Contains the device model name in UTF-8. The device version is
+ is not be appended to the model name.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mei b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mei
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6e9a105fe5cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mei
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+What: /sys/bus/mei/devices/.../modalias
+Date: March 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.10
+Contact: Samuel Ortiz <sameo@linux.intel.com>
+ linux-mei@linux.intel.com
+Description: Stores the same MODALIAS value emitted by uevent
+ Format: mei:<mei device name>:<device uuid>:<protocol version>
+
+What: /sys/bus/mei/devices/.../name
+Date: May 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Stores mei client device name
+ Format: string
+
+What: /sys/bus/mei/devices/.../uuid
+Date: May 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Stores mei client device uuid
+ Format: xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
+
+What: /sys/bus/mei/devices/.../version
+Date: Aug 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Stores mei client protocol version
+ Format: %d
+
+What: /sys/bus/mei/devices/.../max_conn
+Date: Nov 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Stores mei client maximum number of connections
+ Format: %d
+
+What: /sys/bus/mei/devices/.../fixed
+Date: Nov 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Stores mei client fixed address, if any
+ Format: %d
+
+What: /sys/bus/mei/devices/.../vtag
+Date: Nov 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.9
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Stores mei client vtag support status
+ Format: %d
+
+What: /sys/bus/mei/devices/.../max_len
+Date: Nov 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Stores mei client maximum message length
+ Format: %d
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mmc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mmc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..519f028d19cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mmc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+What: /sys/bus/mmc/devices/.../rev
+Date: October 2017
+Contact: Jin Qian <jinqian@android.com>
+Description: Extended CSD revision number
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-most b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-most
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..38cc03e408e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-most
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/description
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Provides information about the physical location of the
+ device. Hardware attached via USB, for instance,
+ might return <1-1.1:1.0>
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/interface
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the type of peripheral interface the device uses.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ If the network interface controller is attached via USB, a dci
+ directory is created that allows applications to read and
+ write the controller's DCI registers.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/arb_address
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to set an arbitrary DCI register address an
+ application wants to read from or write to.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/arb_value
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to read and write the DCI register whose address
+ is stored in arb_address.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/mep_eui48_hi
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to check and configure the MAC address.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/mep_eui48_lo
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to check and configure the MAC address.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/mep_eui48_mi
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to check and configure the MAC address.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/mep_filter
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to check and configure the MEP filter address.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/mep_hash0
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to check and configure the MEP hash table.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/mep_hash1
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to check and configure the MEP hash table.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/mep_hash2
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to check and configure the MEP hash table.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/mep_hash3
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to check and configure the MEP hash table.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/ni_state
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the current network interface state.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/node_address
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the current node address.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/node_position
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the current node position.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/packet_bandwidth
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the configured packet bandwidth.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/dci/sync_ep
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Triggers the controller's synchronization process for a certain
+ endpoint.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ For every channel of the device a directory is created, whose
+ name is dictated by the HDM. This enables an application to
+ collect information about the channel's capabilities and
+ configure it.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/available_datatypes
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the data types the channel can transport.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/available_directions
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the directions the channel is capable of.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/number_of_packet_buffers
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packet buffers the channel can
+ handle.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/number_of_stream_buffers
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of streaming buffers the channel can
+ handle.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/size_of_packet_buffer
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the size of a packet buffer the channel can
+ handle.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/size_of_stream_buffer
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the size of a streaming buffer the channel can
+ handle.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/set_number_of_buffers
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is to read back the configured number of buffers of
+ the channel.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/set_buffer_size
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is to read back the configured buffer size of the channel.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/set_direction
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is to read back the configured direction of the channel.
+ The following strings will be accepted::
+
+ 'tx',
+ 'rx'
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/set_datatype
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is to read back the configured data type of the channel.
+ The following strings will be accepted::
+
+ 'control',
+ 'async',
+ 'sync',
+ 'isoc_avp'
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/set_subbuffer_size
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is to read back the configured subbuffer size of
+ the channel.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/set_packets_per_xact
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is to read back the configured number of packets per
+ transaction of the channel. This is only applicable when
+ connected via USB.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/devices/<dev>/<channel>/channel_starving
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates whether channel ran out of buffers.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/drivers/most_core/components
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to retrieve a list of registered components.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/bus/most/drivers/most_core/links
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Christian Gromm <christian.gromm@microchip.com>
+Description:
+ This is used to retrieve a list of established links.
+Users:
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-moxtet-devices b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-moxtet-devices
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..32dccc00d57d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-moxtet-devices
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/bus/moxtet/devices/moxtet-<name>.<addr>/module_description
+Date: March 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (Read) Moxtet module description. Format: string
+
+What: /sys/bus/moxtet/devices/moxtet-<name>.<addr>/module_id
+Date: March 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (Read) Moxtet module ID. Format: %x
+
+What: /sys/bus/moxtet/devices/moxtet-<name>.<addr>/module_name
+Date: March 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (Read) Moxtet module name. Format: string
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-nfit b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-nfit
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ed483a11c58c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-nfit
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+For all of the nmem device attributes under ``nfit/*``, see the 'NVDIMM Firmware
+Interface Table (NFIT)' section in the ACPI specification
+(http://www.uefi.org/specifications) for more details.
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/serial
+Date: Jun, 2015
+KernelVersion: v4.2
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Serial number of the NVDIMM (non-volatile dual in-line
+ memory module), assigned by the module vendor.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/handle
+Date: Apr, 2015
+KernelVersion: v4.2
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The address (given by the _ADR object) of the device on its
+ parent bus of the NVDIMM device containing the NVDIMM region.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/device
+Date: Apr, 2015
+KernelVersion: v4.1
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Device id for the NVDIMM, assigned by the module vendor.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/rev_id
+Date: Jun, 2015
+KernelVersion: v4.2
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Revision of the NVDIMM, assigned by the module vendor.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/phys_id
+Date: Apr, 2015
+KernelVersion: v4.2
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Handle (i.e., instance number) for the SMBIOS (system
+ management BIOS) Memory Device structure describing the NVDIMM
+ containing the NVDIMM region.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/flags
+Date: Jun, 2015
+KernelVersion: v4.2
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The flags in the NFIT memory device sub-structure indicate
+ the state of the data on the nvdimm relative to its energy
+ source or last "flush to persistence".
+
+ The attribute is a translation of the 'NVDIMM State Flags' field
+ in section 5.2.25.3 'NVDIMM Region Mapping' Structure of the
+ ACPI specification 6.2.
+
+ The health states are "save_fail", "restore_fail", "flush_fail",
+ "not_armed", "smart_event", "map_fail" and "smart_notify".
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/format
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/format1
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/formats
+Date: Apr, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.7
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The interface codes indicate support for persistent memory
+ mapped directly into system physical address space and / or a
+ block aperture access mechanism to the NVDIMM media.
+ The 'formats' attribute displays the number of supported
+ interfaces.
+
+ This layout is compatible with existing libndctl binaries that
+ only expect one code per-dimm as they will ignore
+ nmemX/nfit/formats and nmemX/nfit/formatN.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/vendor
+Date: Apr, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.7
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Vendor id of the NVDIMM.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/dsm_mask
+Date: May, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.7
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The bitmask indicates the supported device specific control
+ functions relative to the NVDIMM command family supported by the
+ device
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/family
+Date: Apr, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.7
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Displays the NVDIMM family command sets. Values
+ 0, 1, 2 and 3 correspond to NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL,
+ NVDIMM_FAMILY_HPE1, NVDIMM_FAMILY_HPE2 and NVDIMM_FAMILY_MSFT
+ respectively.
+
+ See the specifications for these command families here:
+ http://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_DSM_Interface-V1.6.pdf
+ https://github.com/HewlettPackard/hpe-nvm/blob/master/Documentation/
+ https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/mt604741"
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/id
+Date: Apr, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.7
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) ACPI specification 6.2 section 5.2.25.9, defines an
+ identifier for an NVDIMM, which reflects the id attribute.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/subsystem_vendor
+Date: Apr, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.7
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Sub-system vendor id of the NVDIMM non-volatile memory
+ subsystem controller.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/subsystem_rev_id
+Date: Apr, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.7
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Sub-system revision id of the NVDIMM non-volatile memory subsystem
+ controller, assigned by the non-volatile memory subsystem
+ controller vendor.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/nfit/subsystem_device
+Date: Apr, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.7
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) Sub-system device id for the NVDIMM non-volatile memory
+ subsystem controller, assigned by the non-volatile memory
+ subsystem controller vendor.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/ndbusX/nfit/revision
+Date: Jun, 2015
+KernelVersion: v4.2
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) ACPI NFIT table revision number.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/ndbusX/nfit/scrub
+Date: Sep, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.9
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RW) This shows the number of full Address Range Scrubs (ARS)
+ that have been completed since driver load time. Userspace can
+ wait on this using select/poll etc. A '+' at the end indicates
+ an ARS is in progress
+
+ Writing a value of 1 triggers an ARS scan.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/ndbusX/nfit/hw_error_scrub
+Date: Sep, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.9
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RW) Provides a way to toggle the behavior between just adding
+ the address (cache line) where the MCE happened to the poison
+ list and doing a full scrub. The former (selective insertion of
+ the address) is done unconditionally.
+
+ This attribute can have the following values written to it:
+
+ '0': Switch to the default mode where an exception will only
+ insert the address of the memory error into the poison and
+ badblocks lists.
+ '1': Enable a full scrub to happen if an exception for a memory
+ error is received.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/ndbusX/nfit/dsm_mask
+Date: Jun, 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.13
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) The bitmask indicates the supported bus specific control
+ functions. See the section named 'NVDIMM Root Device _DSMs' in
+ the ACPI specification.
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/ndbusX/nfit/firmware_activate_noidle
+Date: Apr, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.8
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RW) The Intel platform implementation of firmware activate
+ support exposes an option let the platform force idle devices in
+ the system over the activation event, or trust that the OS will
+ do it. The safe default is to let the platform force idle
+ devices since the kernel is already in a suspend state, and on
+ the chance that a driver does not properly quiesce bus-mastering
+ after a suspend callback the platform will handle it. However,
+ the activation might abort if, for example, platform firmware
+ determines that the activation time exceeds the max PCI-E
+ completion timeout. Since the platform does not know whether the
+ OS is running the activation from a suspend context it aborts,
+ but if the system owner trusts driver suspend callback to be
+ sufficient then 'firmware_activation_noidle' can be
+ enabled to bypass the activation abort.
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/regionX/nfit/range_index
+Date: Jun, 2015
+KernelVersion: v4.2
+Contact: nvdimm@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) A unique number provided by the BIOS to identify an address
+ range. Used by NVDIMM Region Mapping Structure to uniquely refer
+ to this structure. Value of 0 is reserved and not used as an
+ index.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-nvdimm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-nvdimm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..64eb8f4c6a41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-nvdimm
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+What: nvdimm
+Date: July 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
+Description:
+
+The libnvdimm sub-system implements a common sysfs interface for
+platform nvdimm resources. See Documentation/driver-api/nvdimm/.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/nmemX/format
+Date: February 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: (RO) Attribute group to describe the magic bits
+ that go into perf_event_attr.config for a particular pmu.
+ (See ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-format).
+
+ Each attribute under this group defines a bit range of the
+ perf_event_attr.config. Supported attribute is listed
+ below::
+
+ event = "config:0-4" - event ID
+
+ For example::
+
+ ctl_res_cnt = "event=0x1"
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/nmemX/events
+Date: February 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: (RO) Attribute group to describe performance monitoring events
+ for the nvdimm memory device. Each attribute in this group
+ describes a single performance monitoring event supported by
+ this nvdimm pmu. The name of the file is the name of the event.
+ (See ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-events). A
+ listing of the events supported by a given nvdimm provider type
+ can be found in Documentation/driver-api/nvdimm/$provider.
+
+What: /sys/bus/event_source/devices/nmemX/cpumask
+Date: February 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: (RO) This sysfs file exposes the cpumask which is designated to
+ to retrieve nvdimm pmu event counter data.
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/cxl/id
+Date: November 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
+Description: (RO) Show the id (serial) of the device. This is CXL specific.
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/cxl/provider
+Date: November 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
+Description: (RO) Shows the CXL bridge device that ties to a CXL memory device
+ to this NVDIMM device. I.e. the parent of the device returned is
+ a /sys/bus/cxl/devices/memX instance.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-optee-devices b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-optee-devices
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..af31e5a22d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-optee-devices
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/bus/tee/devices/optee-ta-<uuid>/
+Date: May 2020
+KernelVersion 5.8
+Contact: op-tee@lists.trustedfirmware.org
+Description:
+ OP-TEE bus provides reference to registered drivers under this directory. The <uuid>
+ matches Trusted Application (TA) driver and corresponding TA in secure OS. Drivers
+ are free to create needed API under optee-ta-<uuid> directory.
+
+What: /sys/bus/tee/devices/optee-ta-<uuid>/need_supplicant
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: op-tee@lists.trustedfirmware.org
+Description:
+ Allows to distinguish whether an OP-TEE based TA/device requires user-space
+ tee-supplicant to function properly or not. This attribute will be present for
+ devices which depend on tee-supplicant to be running.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-papr-pmem b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-papr-pmem
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..34ee8c59ab25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-papr-pmem
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/papr/flags
+Date: Apr, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.8
+Contact: linuxppc-dev <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>, nvdimm@lists.linux.dev,
+Description:
+ (RO) Report flags indicating various states of a
+ papr-pmem NVDIMM device. Each flag maps to a one or
+ more bits set in the dimm-health-bitmap retrieved in
+ response to H_SCM_HEALTH hcall. The details of the bit
+ flags returned in response to this hcall is available
+ at 'Documentation/arch/powerpc/papr_hcalls.rst' . Below are
+ the flags reported in this sysfs file:
+
+ * "not_armed"
+ Indicates that NVDIMM contents will not
+ survive a power cycle.
+ * "flush_fail"
+ Indicates that NVDIMM contents
+ couldn't be flushed during last
+ shut-down event.
+ * "restore_fail"
+ Indicates that NVDIMM contents
+ couldn't be restored during NVDIMM
+ initialization.
+ * "encrypted"
+ NVDIMM contents are encrypted.
+ * "smart_notify"
+ There is health event for the NVDIMM.
+ * "scrubbed"
+ Indicating that contents of the
+ NVDIMM have been scrubbed.
+ * "locked"
+ Indicating that NVDIMM contents can't
+ be modified until next power cycle.
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/papr/perf_stats
+Date: May, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.9
+Contact: linuxppc-dev <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>, nvdimm@lists.linux.dev,
+Description:
+ (RO) Report various performance stats related to papr-scm NVDIMM
+ device. This attribute is only available for NVDIMM devices
+ that support reporting NVDIMM performance stats. Each stat is
+ reported on a new line with each line composed of a
+ stat-identifier followed by it value. Below are currently known
+ dimm performance stats which are reported:
+
+ * "CtlResCt" : Controller Reset Count
+ * "CtlResTm" : Controller Reset Elapsed Time
+ * "PonSecs " : Power-on Seconds
+ * "MemLife " : Life Remaining
+ * "CritRscU" : Critical Resource Utilization
+ * "HostLCnt" : Host Load Count
+ * "HostSCnt" : Host Store Count
+ * "HostSDur" : Host Store Duration
+ * "HostLDur" : Host Load Duration
+ * "MedRCnt " : Media Read Count
+ * "MedWCnt " : Media Write Count
+ * "MedRDur " : Media Read Duration
+ * "MedWDur " : Media Write Duration
+ * "CchRHCnt" : Cache Read Hit Count
+ * "CchWHCnt" : Cache Write Hit Count
+ * "FastWCnt" : Fast Write Count
+
+What: /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmemX/papr/health_bitmap_inject
+Date: Jan, 2022
+KernelVersion: v5.17
+Contact: linuxppc-dev <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>, nvdimm@lists.linux.dev,
+Description:
+ (RO) Reports the health bitmap inject bitmap that is applied to
+ bitmap received from PowerVM via the H_SCM_HEALTH. This is used
+ to forcibly set specific bits returned from Hcall. These is then
+ used to simulate various health or shutdown states for an nvdimm
+ and are set by user-space tools like ndctl by issuing a PAPR DSM.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci
index ceddcff4082a..92debe879ffb 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci
@@ -1,11 +1,623 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../bind
+What: /sys/devices/pciX/.../bind
+Date: December 2003
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing a device location to this file will cause
+ the driver to attempt to bind to the device found at
+ this location. This is useful for overriding default
+ bindings. The format for the location is: DDDD:BB:DD.F.
+ That is Domain:Bus:Device.Function and is the same as
+ found in /sys/bus/pci/devices/. For example::
+
+ # echo 0000:00:19.0 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/foo/bind
+
+ (Note: kernels before 2.6.28 may require echo -n).
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../unbind
+What: /sys/devices/pciX/.../unbind
+Date: December 2003
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing a device location to this file will cause the
+ driver to attempt to unbind from the device found at
+ this location. This may be useful when overriding default
+ bindings. The format for the location is: DDDD:BB:DD.F.
+ That is Domain:Bus:Device.Function and is the same as
+ found in /sys/bus/pci/devices/. For example::
+
+ # echo 0000:00:19.0 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/foo/unbind
+
+ (Note: kernels before 2.6.28 may require echo -n).
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../new_id
+What: /sys/devices/pciX/.../new_id
+Date: December 2003
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing a device ID to this file will attempt to
+ dynamically add a new device ID to a PCI device driver.
+ This may allow the driver to support more hardware than
+ was included in the driver's static device ID support
+ table at compile time. The format for the device ID is:
+ VVVV DDDD SVVV SDDD CCCC MMMM PPPP. That is Vendor ID,
+ Device ID, Subsystem Vendor ID, Subsystem Device ID,
+ Class, Class Mask, and Private Driver Data. The Vendor ID
+ and Device ID fields are required, the rest are optional.
+ Upon successfully adding an ID, the driver will probe
+ for the device and attempt to bind to it. For example::
+
+ # echo "8086 10f5" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/foo/new_id
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../remove_id
+What: /sys/devices/pciX/.../remove_id
+Date: February 2009
+Contact: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
+Description:
+ Writing a device ID to this file will remove an ID
+ that was dynamically added via the new_id sysfs entry.
+ The format for the device ID is:
+ VVVV DDDD SVVV SDDD CCCC MMMM. That is Vendor ID, Device
+ ID, Subsystem Vendor ID, Subsystem Device ID, Class,
+ and Class Mask. The Vendor ID and Device ID fields are
+ required, the rest are optional. After successfully
+ removing an ID, the driver will no longer support the
+ device. This is useful to ensure auto probing won't
+ match the driver to the device. For example::
+
+ # echo "8086 10f5" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/foo/remove_id
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/rescan
+Date: January 2009
+Contact: Linux PCI developers <linux-pci@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Writing a non-zero value to this attribute will
+ force a rescan of all PCI buses in the system, and
+ re-discover previously removed devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../msi_bus
+Date: September 2014
+Contact: Linux PCI developers <linux-pci@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Writing a zero value to this attribute disallows MSI and
+ MSI-X for any future drivers of the device. If the device
+ is a bridge, MSI and MSI-X will be disallowed for future
+ drivers of all child devices under the bridge. Drivers
+ must be reloaded for the new setting to take effect.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../msi_irqs/
+Date: September, 2011
+Contact: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../msi_irqs directory contains a variable set
+ of files, with each file being named after a corresponding msi
+ irq vector allocated to that device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../msi_irqs/<N>
+Date: September 2011
+Contact: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
+Description:
+ This attribute indicates the mode that the irq vector named by
+ the file is in (msi vs. msix)
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../irq
+Date: August 2021
+Contact: Linux PCI developers <linux-pci@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ If a driver has enabled MSI (not MSI-X), "irq" contains the
+ IRQ of the first MSI vector. Otherwise "irq" contains the
+ IRQ of the legacy INTx interrupt.
+
+ "irq" being set to 0 indicates that the device isn't
+ capable of generating legacy INTx interrupts.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../remove
+Date: January 2009
+Contact: Linux PCI developers <linux-pci@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Writing a non-zero value to this attribute will
+ hot-remove the PCI device and any of its children.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../pci_bus/.../rescan
+Date: May 2011
+Contact: Linux PCI developers <linux-pci@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Writing a non-zero value to this attribute will
+ force a rescan of the bus and all child buses,
+ and re-discover devices removed earlier from this
+ part of the device tree.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../rescan
+Date: January 2009
+Contact: Linux PCI developers <linux-pci@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Writing a non-zero value to this attribute will
+ force a rescan of the device's parent bus and all
+ child buses, and re-discover devices removed earlier
+ from this part of the device tree.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../reset_method
+Date: August 2021
+Contact: Amey Narkhede <ameynarkhede03@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Some devices allow an individual function to be reset
+ without affecting other functions in the same slot.
+
+ For devices that have this support, a file named
+ reset_method is present in sysfs. Reading this file
+ gives names of the supported and enabled reset methods and
+ their ordering. Writing a space-separated list of names of
+ reset methods sets the reset methods and ordering to be
+ used when resetting the device. Writing an empty string
+ disables the ability to reset the device. Writing
+ "default" enables all supported reset methods in the
+ default ordering.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../reset
+Date: July 2009
+Contact: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ Some devices allow an individual function to be reset
+ without affecting other functions in the same device.
+ For devices that have this support, a file named reset
+ will be present in sysfs. Writing 1 to this file
+ will perform reset.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../reset_subordinate
+Date: October 2024
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This is visible only for bridge devices. If you want to reset
+ all devices attached through the subordinate bus of a specific
+ bridge device, writing 1 to this will try to do it. This will
+ affect all devices attached to the system through this bridge
+ similiar to writing 1 to their individual "reset" file, so use
+ with caution.
+
What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../vpd
Date: February 2008
-Contact: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com>
+Contact: Ben Hutchings <bwh@kernel.org>
Description:
A file named vpd in a device directory will be a
binary file containing the Vital Product Data for the
device. It should follow the VPD format defined in
PCI Specification 2.1 or 2.2, but users should consider
- that some devices may have malformatted data. If the
- underlying VPD has a writable section then the
+ that some devices may have incorrectly formatted data.
+ If the underlying VPD has a writable section then the
corresponding section of this file will be writable.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../virtfn<N>
+Date: March 2009
+Contact: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This symbolic link appears when hardware supports the SR-IOV
+ capability and the Physical Function driver has enabled it.
+ The symbolic link points to the PCI device sysfs entry of the
+ Virtual Function whose index is N (0...MaxVFs-1).
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../dep_link
+Date: March 2009
+Contact: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This symbolic link appears when hardware supports the SR-IOV
+ capability and the Physical Function driver has enabled it,
+ and this device has vendor specific dependencies with others.
+ The symbolic link points to the PCI device sysfs entry of
+ Physical Function this device depends on.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../physfn
+Date: March 2009
+Contact: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This symbolic link appears when a device is a Virtual Function.
+ The symbolic link points to the PCI device sysfs entry of the
+ Physical Function this device associates with.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../modalias
+Date: May 2005
+Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
+Description:
+ This attribute indicates the PCI ID of the device object.
+
+ That is in the format:
+ pci:vXXXXXXXXdXXXXXXXXsvXXXXXXXXsdXXXXXXXXbcXXscXXiXX,
+ where:
+
+ - vXXXXXXXX contains the vendor ID;
+ - dXXXXXXXX contains the device ID;
+ - svXXXXXXXX contains the sub-vendor ID;
+ - sdXXXXXXXX contains the subsystem device ID;
+ - bcXX contains the device class;
+ - scXX contains the device subclass;
+ - iXX contains the device class programming interface.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/slots/.../module
+Date: June 2009
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This symbolic link points to the PCI hotplug controller driver
+ module that manages the hotplug slot.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../label
+Date: July 2010
+Contact: Narendra K <narendra_k@dell.com>, linux-bugs@dell.com
+Description:
+ Reading this attribute will provide the firmware
+ given name (SMBIOS type 41 string or ACPI _DSM string) of
+ the PCI device. The attribute will be created only
+ if the firmware has given a name to the PCI device.
+ ACPI _DSM string name will be given priority if the
+ system firmware provides SMBIOS type 41 string also.
+Users:
+ Userspace applications interested in knowing the
+ firmware assigned name of the PCI device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../index
+Date: July 2010
+Contact: Narendra K <narendra_k@dell.com>, linux-bugs@dell.com
+Description:
+ Reading this attribute will provide the firmware given instance
+ number of the PCI device. Depending on the platform this can
+ be for example the SMBIOS type 41 device type instance or the
+ user-defined ID (UID) on s390. The attribute will be created
+ only if the firmware has given an instance number to the PCI
+ device and that number is guaranteed to uniquely identify the
+ device in the system.
+Users:
+ Userspace applications interested in knowing the
+ firmware assigned device type instance of the PCI
+ device that can help in understanding the firmware
+ intended order of the PCI device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../acpi_index
+Date: July 2010
+Contact: Narendra K <narendra_k@dell.com>, linux-bugs@dell.com
+Description:
+ Reading this attribute will provide the firmware
+ given instance (ACPI _DSM instance number) of the PCI device.
+ The attribute will be created only if the firmware has given
+ an instance number to the PCI device. ACPI _DSM instance number
+ will be given priority if the system firmware provides SMBIOS
+ type 41 device type instance also.
+Users:
+ Userspace applications interested in knowing the
+ firmware assigned instance number of the PCI
+ device that can help in understanding the firmware
+ intended order of the PCI device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../d3cold_allowed
+Date: July 2012
+Contact: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
+Description:
+ d3cold_allowed is bit to control whether the corresponding PCI
+ device can be put into D3Cold state. If it is cleared, the
+ device will never be put into D3Cold state. If it is set, the
+ device may be put into D3Cold state if other requirements are
+ satisfied too. Reading this attribute will show the current
+ value of d3cold_allowed bit. Writing this attribute will set
+ the value of d3cold_allowed bit.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../sriov_totalvfs
+Date: November 2012
+Contact: Donald Dutile <ddutile@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ This file appears when a physical PCIe device supports SR-IOV.
+ Userspace applications can read this file to determine the
+ maximum number of Virtual Functions (VFs) a PCIe physical
+ function (PF) can support. Typically, this is the value reported
+ in the PF's SR-IOV extended capability structure's TotalVFs
+ element. Drivers have the ability at probe time to reduce the
+ value read from this file via the pci_sriov_set_totalvfs()
+ function.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../sriov_numvfs
+Date: November 2012
+Contact: Donald Dutile <ddutile@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ This file appears when a physical PCIe device supports SR-IOV.
+ Userspace applications can read and write to this file to
+ determine and control the enablement or disablement of Virtual
+ Functions (VFs) on the physical function (PF). A read of this
+ file will return the number of VFs that are enabled on this PF.
+ A number written to this file will enable the specified
+ number of VFs. A userspace application would typically read the
+ file and check that the value is zero, and then write the number
+ of VFs that should be enabled on the PF; the value written
+ should be less than or equal to the value in the sriov_totalvfs
+ file. A userspace application wanting to disable the VFs would
+ write a zero to this file. The core ensures that valid values
+ are written to this file, and returns errors when values are not
+ valid. For example, writing a 2 to this file when sriov_numvfs
+ is not 0 and not 2 already will return an error. Writing a 10
+ when the value of sriov_totalvfs is 8 will return an error.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../driver_override
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ This file allows the driver for a device to be specified which
+ will override standard static and dynamic ID matching. When
+ specified, only a driver with a name matching the value written
+ to driver_override will have an opportunity to bind to the
+ device. The override is specified by writing a string to the
+ driver_override file (echo pci-stub > driver_override) and
+ may be cleared with an empty string (echo > driver_override).
+ This returns the device to standard matching rules binding.
+ Writing to driver_override does not automatically unbind the
+ device from its current driver or make any attempt to
+ automatically load the specified driver. If no driver with a
+ matching name is currently loaded in the kernel, the device
+ will not bind to any driver. This also allows devices to
+ opt-out of driver binding using a driver_override name such as
+ "none". Only a single driver may be specified in the override,
+ there is no support for parsing delimiters.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../numa_node
+Date: Oct 2014
+Contact: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the NUMA node to which the PCI device is
+ attached, or -1 if the node is unknown. The initial value
+ comes from an ACPI _PXM method or a similar firmware
+ source. If that is missing or incorrect, this file can be
+ written to override the node. In that case, please report
+ a firmware bug to the system vendor. Writing to this file
+ taints the kernel with TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND, which
+ reduces the supportability of your system.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../revision
+Date: November 2016
+Contact: Emil Velikov <emil.l.velikov@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the revision field of the PCI device.
+ The value comes from device config space. The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../sriov_drivers_autoprobe
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Bodong Wang<bodong@mellanox.com>
+Description:
+ This file is associated with the PF of a device that
+ supports SR-IOV. It determines whether newly-enabled VFs
+ are immediately bound to a driver. It initially contains
+ 1, which means the kernel automatically binds VFs to a
+ compatible driver immediately after they are enabled. If
+ an application writes 0 to the file before enabling VFs,
+ the kernel will not bind VFs to a driver.
+
+ A typical use case is to write 0 to this file, then enable
+ VFs, then assign the newly-created VFs to virtual machines.
+ Note that changing this file does not affect already-
+ enabled VFs. In this scenario, the user must first disable
+ the VFs, write 0 to sriov_drivers_autoprobe, then re-enable
+ the VFs.
+
+ This is similar to /sys/bus/pci/drivers_autoprobe, but
+ affects only the VFs associated with a specific PF.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../p2pmem/size
+Date: November 2017
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description:
+ If the device has any Peer-to-Peer memory registered, this
+ file contains the total amount of memory that the device
+ provides (in decimal).
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../p2pmem/available
+Date: November 2017
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description:
+ If the device has any Peer-to-Peer memory registered, this
+ file contains the amount of memory that has not been
+ allocated (in decimal).
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../p2pmem/published
+Date: November 2017
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description:
+ If the device has any Peer-to-Peer memory registered, this
+ file contains a '1' if the memory has been published for
+ use outside the driver that owns the device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../p2pmem/allocate
+Date: August 2022
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description:
+ This file allows mapping p2pmem into userspace. For each
+ mmap() call on this file, the kernel will allocate a chunk
+ of Peer-to-Peer memory for use in Peer-to-Peer transactions.
+ This memory can be used in O_DIRECT calls to NVMe backed
+ files for Peer-to-Peer copies.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../link/clkpm
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../link/l0s_aspm
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../link/l1_aspm
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../link/l1_1_aspm
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../link/l1_2_aspm
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../link/l1_1_pcipm
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../link/l1_2_pcipm
+Date: October 2019
+Contact: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com>
+Description: If ASPM is supported for an endpoint, these files can be
+ used to disable or enable the individual power management
+ states. Write y/1/on to enable, n/0/off to disable.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../power_state
+Date: November 2020
+Contact: Linux PCI developers <linux-pci@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file contains the current PCI power state of the device.
+ The value comes from the PCI kernel device state and can be one
+ of: "unknown", "error", "D0", D1", "D2", "D3hot", "D3cold".
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../sriov_vf_total_msix
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Leon Romanovsky <leonro@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ This file is associated with a SR-IOV physical function (PF).
+ It contains the total number of MSI-X vectors available for
+ assignment to all virtual functions (VFs) associated with PF.
+ The value will be zero if the device doesn't support this
+ functionality. For supported devices, the value will be
+ constant and won't be changed after MSI-X vectors assignment.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../sriov_vf_msix_count
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Leon Romanovsky <leonro@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ This file is associated with a SR-IOV virtual function (VF).
+ It allows configuration of the number of MSI-X vectors for
+ the VF. This allows devices that have a global pool of MSI-X
+ vectors to optimally divide them between VFs based on VF usage.
+
+ The values accepted are:
+ * > 0 - this number will be reported as the Table Size in the
+ VF's MSI-X capability
+ * < 0 - not valid
+ * = 0 - will reset to the device default value
+
+ The file is writable if the PF is bound to a driver that
+ implements ->sriov_set_msix_vec_count().
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../resourceN_resize
+Date: September 2022
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ These files provide an interface to PCIe Resizable BAR support.
+ A file is created for each BAR resource (N) supported by the
+ PCIe Resizable BAR extended capability of the device. Reading
+ each file exposes the bitmap of available resource sizes:
+
+ # cat resource1_resize
+ 00000000000001c0
+
+ The bitmap represents supported resource sizes for the BAR,
+ where bit0 = 1MB, bit1 = 2MB, bit2 = 4MB, etc. In the above
+ example the device supports 64MB, 128MB, and 256MB BAR sizes.
+
+ When writing the file, the user provides the bit position of
+ the desired resource size, for example:
+
+ # echo 7 > resource1_resize
+
+ This indicates to set the size value corresponding to bit 7,
+ 128MB. The resulting size is 2 ^ (bit# + 20). This definition
+ matches the PCIe specification of this capability.
+
+ In order to make use of resource resizing, all PCI drivers must
+ be unbound from the device and peer devices under the same
+ parent bridge may need to be soft removed. In the case of
+ VGA devices, writing a resize value will remove low level
+ console drivers from the device. Raw users of pci-sysfs
+ resourceN attributes must be terminated prior to resizing.
+ Success of the resizing operation is not guaranteed.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../leds/*:enclosure:*/brightness
+What: /sys/class/leds/*:enclosure:*/brightness
+Date: August 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.12
+Description:
+ LED indications on PCIe storage enclosures which are controlled
+ through the NPEM interface (Native PCIe Enclosure Management,
+ PCIe r6.1 sec 6.28) are accessible as led class devices, both
+ below /sys/class/leds and below NPEM-capable PCI devices.
+
+ Although these led class devices could be manipulated manually,
+ in practice they are typically manipulated automatically by an
+ application such as ledmon(8).
+
+ The name of a led class device is as follows:
+ <bdf>:enclosure:<indication>
+ where:
+
+ - <bdf> is the domain, bus, device and function number
+ (e.g. 10000:02:05.0)
+ - <indication> is a short description of the LED indication
+
+ Valid indications per PCIe r6.1 table 6-27 are:
+
+ - ok (drive is functioning normally)
+ - locate (drive is being identified by an admin)
+ - fail (drive is not functioning properly)
+ - rebuild (drive is part of an array that is rebuilding)
+ - pfa (drive is predicted to fail soon)
+ - hotspare (drive is marked to be used as a replacement)
+ - ica (drive is part of an array that is degraded)
+ - ifa (drive is part of an array that is failed)
+ - idt (drive is not the right type for the connector)
+ - disabled (drive is disabled, removal is safe)
+ - specific0 to specific7 (enclosure-specific indications)
+
+ Broadly, the indications fall into one of these categories:
+
+ - to signify drive state (ok, locate, fail, idt, disabled)
+ - to signify drive role or state in a software RAID array
+ (rebuild, pfa, hotspare, ica, ifa)
+ - to signify any other role or state (specific0 to specific7)
+
+ Mandatory indications per PCIe r6.1 sec 7.9.19.2 comprise:
+ ok, locate, fail, rebuild. All others are optional.
+ A led class device is only visible if the corresponding
+ indication is supported by the device.
+
+ To manipulate the indications, write 0 (LED_OFF) or 1 (LED_ON)
+ to the "brightness" file. Note that manipulating an indication
+ may implicitly manipulate other indications at the vendor's
+ discretion. E.g. when the user lights up the "ok" indication,
+ the vendor may choose to automatically turn off the "fail"
+ indication. The current state of an indication can be
+ retrieved by reading its "brightness" file.
+
+ The PCIe Base Specification allows vendors leeway to choose
+ different colors or blinking patterns for the indications,
+ but they typically follow the IBPI standard. E.g. the "locate"
+ indication is usually presented as one or two LEDs blinking at
+ 4 Hz frequency:
+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Blinking_Pattern_Interpretation
+
+ PCI Firmware Specification r3.3 sec 4.7 defines a DSM interface
+ to facilitate shared access by operating system and platform
+ firmware to a device's NPEM registers. The kernel will use
+ this DSM interface where available, instead of accessing NPEM
+ registers directly. The DSM interface does not support the
+ enclosure-specific indications "specific0" to "specific7",
+ hence the corresponding led class devices are unavailable if
+ the DSM interface is used.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../doe_features
+Date: March 2025
+Contact: Linux PCI developers <linux-pci@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This directory contains a list of the supported Data Object
+ Exchange (DOE) features. The features are the file name.
+ The contents of each file is the raw Vendor ID and data
+ object feature values.
+
+ The value comes from the device and specifies the vendor and
+ data object type supported. The lower (RHS of the colon) is
+ the data object type in hex. The upper (LHS of the colon)
+ is the vendor ID.
+
+ As all DOE devices must support the DOE discovery feature,
+ if DOE is supported you will at least see the doe_discovery
+ file, with this contents:
+
+ # cat doe_features/doe_discovery
+ 0001:00
+
+ If the device supports other features you will see other
+ files as well. For example if CMA/SPDM and secure CMA/SPDM
+ are supported the doe_features directory will look like
+ this:
+
+ # ls doe_features
+ 0001:01 0001:02 doe_discovery
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../serial_number
+Date: December 2025
+Contact: Matthew Wood <thepacketgeek@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This is visible only for PCI devices that support the serial
+ number extended capability. The file is read only and due to
+ the possible sensitivity of accessible serial numbers, admin
+ only.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-aer b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-aer
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5ed284523956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-aer
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+PCIe Device AER statistics
+--------------------------
+
+These attributes show up under all the devices that are AER capable. These
+statistical counters indicate the errors "as seen/reported by the device".
+Note that this may mean that if an endpoint is causing problems, the AER
+counters may increment at its link partner (e.g. root port) because the
+errors may be "seen" / reported by the link partner and not the
+problematic endpoint itself (which may report all counters as 0 as it never
+saw any problems).
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/aer_dev_correctable
+Date: July 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19.0
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org, rajatja@google.com
+Description: List of correctable errors seen and reported by this
+ PCI device using ERR_COR. Note that since multiple errors may
+ be reported using a single ERR_COR message, thus
+ TOTAL_ERR_COR at the end of the file may not match the actual
+ total of all the errors in the file. Sample output::
+
+ localhost /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0 # cat aer_dev_correctable
+ Receiver Error 2
+ Bad TLP 0
+ Bad DLLP 0
+ RELAY_NUM Rollover 0
+ Replay Timer Timeout 0
+ Advisory Non-Fatal 0
+ Corrected Internal Error 0
+ Header Log Overflow 0
+ TOTAL_ERR_COR 2
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/aer_dev_fatal
+Date: July 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19.0
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org, rajatja@google.com
+Description: List of uncorrectable fatal errors seen and reported by this
+ PCI device using ERR_FATAL. Note that since multiple errors may
+ be reported using a single ERR_FATAL message, thus
+ TOTAL_ERR_FATAL at the end of the file may not match the actual
+ total of all the errors in the file. Sample output::
+
+ localhost /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0 # cat aer_dev_fatal
+ Undefined 0
+ Data Link Protocol 0
+ Surprise Down Error 0
+ Poisoned TLP 0
+ Flow Control Protocol 0
+ Completion Timeout 0
+ Completer Abort 0
+ Unexpected Completion 0
+ Receiver Overflow 0
+ Malformed TLP 0
+ ECRC 0
+ Unsupported Request 0
+ ACS Violation 0
+ Uncorrectable Internal Error 0
+ MC Blocked TLP 0
+ AtomicOp Egress Blocked 0
+ TLP Prefix Blocked Error 0
+ TOTAL_ERR_FATAL 0
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/aer_dev_nonfatal
+Date: July 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19.0
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org, rajatja@google.com
+Description: List of uncorrectable nonfatal errors seen and reported by this
+ PCI device using ERR_NONFATAL. Note that since multiple errors
+ may be reported using a single ERR_FATAL message, thus
+ TOTAL_ERR_NONFATAL at the end of the file may not match the
+ actual total of all the errors in the file. Sample output::
+
+ localhost /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0 # cat aer_dev_nonfatal
+ Undefined 0
+ Data Link Protocol 0
+ Surprise Down Error 0
+ Poisoned TLP 0
+ Flow Control Protocol 0
+ Completion Timeout 0
+ Completer Abort 0
+ Unexpected Completion 0
+ Receiver Overflow 0
+ Malformed TLP 0
+ ECRC 0
+ Unsupported Request 0
+ ACS Violation 0
+ Uncorrectable Internal Error 0
+ MC Blocked TLP 0
+ AtomicOp Egress Blocked 0
+ TLP Prefix Blocked Error 0
+ TOTAL_ERR_NONFATAL 0
+
+PCIe Rootport AER statistics
+----------------------------
+
+These attributes show up under only the rootports (or root complex event
+collectors) that are AER capable. These indicate the number of error messages as
+"reported to" the rootport. Please note that the rootports also transmit
+(internally) the ERR_* messages for errors seen by the internal rootport PCI
+device, so these counters include them and are thus cumulative of all the error
+messages on the PCI hierarchy originating at that root port.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/aer_rootport_total_err_cor
+Date: July 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19.0
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org, rajatja@google.com
+Description: Total number of ERR_COR messages reported to rootport.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/aer_rootport_total_err_fatal
+Date: July 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19.0
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org, rajatja@google.com
+Description: Total number of ERR_FATAL messages reported to rootport.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/aer_rootport_total_err_nonfatal
+Date: July 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19.0
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org, rajatja@google.com
+Description: Total number of ERR_NONFATAL messages reported to rootport.
+
+PCIe AER ratelimits
+-------------------
+
+These attributes show up under all the devices that are AER capable.
+They represent configurable ratelimits of logs per error type.
+
+See Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.rst for more info on ratelimits.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/aer/correctable_ratelimit_interval_ms
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16.0
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Writing 0 disables AER correctable error log ratelimiting.
+ Writing a positive value sets the ratelimit interval in ms.
+ Default is DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL (5000 ms).
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/aer/correctable_ratelimit_burst
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16.0
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Ratelimit burst for correctable error logs. Writing a value
+ changes the number of errors (burst) allowed per interval
+ before ratelimiting. Reading gets the current ratelimit
+ burst. Default is DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST (10).
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/aer/nonfatal_ratelimit_interval_ms
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16.0
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Writing 0 disables AER non-fatal uncorrectable error log
+ ratelimiting. Writing a positive value sets the ratelimit
+ interval in ms. Default is DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL
+ (5000 ms).
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/aer/nonfatal_ratelimit_burst
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16.0
+Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Ratelimit burst for non-fatal uncorrectable error logs.
+ Writing a value changes the number of errors (burst)
+ allowed per interval before ratelimiting. Reading gets the
+ current ratelimit burst. Default is DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST
+ (10).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-avs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-avs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ebff3fa12055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-avs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/<dev>/avs/fw_version
+Date: February 2024
+Contact: Cezary Rojewski <cezary.rojewski@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Version of AudioDSP firmware ASoC avs driver is communicating
+ with.
+
+ Format: %d.%d.%d.%d, type:major:minor:build.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-catpt b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-catpt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f85db86d63e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-catpt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/<dev>/fw_version
+Date: September 2020
+Contact: Cezary Rojewski <cezary.rojewski@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Version of AudioDSP firmware ASoC catpt driver is
+ communicating with.
+
+ Format: %d.%d.%d.%d, type:major:minor:build.
+
+What: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/<dev>/fw_info
+Date: September 2020
+Contact: Cezary Rojewski <cezary.rojewski@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Detailed AudioDSP firmware build information including
+ build hash and log-providers hash. This information is
+ obtained during initial handshake with firmware.
+ Format: %s.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-cciss b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-cciss
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..92a94e1068c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-cciss
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/model
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 model for logical drive
+ Y of controller X.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/rev
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 revision for logical
+ drive Y of controller X.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/unique_id
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 83 serial number for logical
+ drive Y of controller X.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/vendor
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 vendor for logical drive
+ Y of controller X.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/block:cciss!cXdY
+Date: March 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: A symbolic link to /sys/block/cciss!cXdY
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/rescan
+Date: August 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: Kicks of a rescan of the controller to discover logical
+ drive topology changes.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/lunid
+Date: August 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: Displays the 8-byte LUN ID used to address logical
+ drive Y of controller X.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/raid_level
+Date: August 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: Displays the RAID level of logical drive Y of
+ controller X.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/usage_count
+Date: August 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: Displays the usage count (number of opens) of logical drive Y
+ of controller X.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/resettable
+Date: February 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: Value of 1 indicates the controller can honor the reset_devices
+ kernel parameter. Value of 0 indicates reset_devices cannot be
+ honored. This is to allow, for example, kexec tools to be able
+ to warn the user if they designate an unresettable device as
+ a dump device, as kdump requires resetting the device in order
+ to work reliably.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/transport_mode
+Date: July 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
+Description: Value of "simple" indicates that the controller has been placed
+ in "simple mode". Value of "performant" indicates that the
+ controller has been placed in "performant mode".
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-pvpanic b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-pvpanic
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4ec03cd36357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-pvpanic
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+What: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/*/QEMU0001:00/capability for MMIO
+ /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pvpanic-pci/0000:00:0*.0/capability for PCI
+Date: Jan 2021
+Contact: zhenwei pi <pizhenwei@bytedance.com>
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute. Capabilities of pvpanic device which
+ are supported by QEMU.
+
+ Format: %x.
+
+ Detailed bit definition refers to section <Bit Definition>
+ from pvpanic device specification:
+ https://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=blob_plain;f=docs/specs/pvpanic.txt
+
+What: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/*/QEMU0001:00/events
+ /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pvpanic-pci/0000:00:0*.0/events for PCI
+Date: Jan 2021
+Contact: zhenwei pi <pizhenwei@bytedance.com>
+Description:
+ RW attribute. Set/get which features in-use. This attribute
+ is used to enable/disable feature(s) of pvpanic device.
+ Notice that this value should be a subset of capability.
+
+ Format: %x.
+
+ Also refer to pvpanic device specification.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-drivers-ehci_hcd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-drivers-ehci_hcd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c90d97a80855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-drivers-ehci_hcd
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci_hcd/.../companion
+ /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbN/../companion
+Date: January 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.21
+Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
+Description:
+ PCI-based EHCI USB controllers (i.e., high-speed USB-2.0
+ controllers) are often implemented along with a set of
+ "companion" full/low-speed USB-1.1 controllers. When a
+ high-speed device is plugged in, the connection is routed
+ to the EHCI controller; when a full- or low-speed device
+ is plugged in, the connection is routed to the companion
+ controller.
+
+ Sometimes you want to force a high-speed device to connect
+ at full speed, which can be accomplished by forcing the
+ connection to be routed to the companion controller.
+ That's what this file does. Writing a port number to the
+ file causes connections on that port to be routed to the
+ companion controller, and writing the negative of a port
+ number returns the port to normal operation.
+
+ For example: To force the high-speed device attached to
+ port 4 on bus 2 to run at full speed::
+
+ echo 4 >/sys/bus/usb/devices/usb2/../companion
+
+ To return the port to high-speed operation::
+
+ echo -4 >/sys/bus/usb/devices/usb2/../companion
+
+ Reading the file gives the list of ports currently forced
+ to the companion controller.
+
+ Note: Some EHCI controllers do not have companions; they
+ may contain an internal "transaction translator" or they
+ may be attached directly to a "rate-matching hub". This
+ mechanism will not work with such controllers. Also, it
+ cannot be used to force a port on a high-speed hub to
+ connect at full speed.
+
+ Note: When this file was first added, it appeared in a
+ different sysfs directory. The location given above is
+ correct for 2.6.35 (and probably several earlier kernel
+ versions as well).
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-drivers-janz-cmodio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-drivers-janz-cmodio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4d08f28dc871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-drivers-janz-cmodio
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/janz-cmodio/.../modulbus_number
+Date: May 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: Ira W. Snyder <ira.snyder@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Value representing the HEX switch S2 of the janz carrier board CMOD-IO or CAN-PCI2
+
+ Read-only: value of the configuration switch (0..15)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-drivers-xhci_hcd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-drivers-xhci_hcd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fc82aa4e54b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-drivers-xhci_hcd
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/.../dbc
+Date: June 2017
+Contact: Lu Baolu <baolu.lu@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ xHCI compatible USB host controllers (i.e. super-speed
+ USB3 controllers) are often implemented with the Debug
+ Capability (DbC). It can present a debug device which
+ is fully compliant with the USB framework and provides
+ the equivalent of a very high performance full-duplex
+ serial link for debug purpose.
+
+ The DbC debug device shares a root port with xHCI host.
+ When the DbC is enabled, the root port will be assigned
+ to the Debug Capability. Otherwise, it will be assigned
+ to xHCI.
+
+ Writing "enable" to this attribute will enable the DbC
+ functionality and the shared root port will be assigned
+ to the DbC device. Writing "disable" to this attribute
+ will disable the DbC functionality and the shared root
+ port will roll back to the xHCI.
+
+ Reading this attribute gives the state of the DbC. It
+ can be one of the following states: disabled, enabled,
+ initialized, connected, configured and stalled.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/.../dbc_idVendor
+Date: March 2023
+Contact: Mathias Nyman <mathias.nyman@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This dbc_idVendor attribute lets us change the idVendor field
+ presented in the USB device descriptor by this xhci debug
+ device.
+ Value can only be changed while debug capability (DbC) is in
+ disabled state to prevent USB device descriptor change while
+ connected to a USB host.
+ The default value is 0x1d6b (Linux Foundation).
+ It can be any 16-bit integer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/.../dbc_idProduct
+Date: March 2023
+Contact: Mathias Nyman <mathias.nyman@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This dbc_idProduct attribute lets us change the idProduct field
+ presented in the USB device descriptor by this xhci debug
+ device.
+ Value can only be changed while debug capability (DbC) is in
+ disabled state to prevent USB device descriptor change while
+ connected to a USB host.
+ The default value is 0x0010. It can be any 16-bit integer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/.../dbc_bcdDevice
+Date: March 2023
+Contact: Mathias Nyman <mathias.nyman@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This dbc_bcdDevice attribute lets us change the bcdDevice field
+ presented in the USB device descriptor by this xhci debug
+ device.
+ Value can only be changed while debug capability (DbC) is in
+ disabled state to prevent USB device descriptor change while
+ connected to a USB host.
+ The default value is 0x0010. (device rev 0.10)
+ It can be any 16-bit integer.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/.../dbc_bInterfaceProtocol
+Date: March 2023
+Contact: Mathias Nyman <mathias.nyman@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This attribute lets us change the bInterfaceProtocol field
+ presented in the USB Interface descriptor by the xhci debug
+ device.
+ Value can only be changed while debug capability (DbC) is in
+ disabled state to prevent USB descriptor change while
+ connected to a USB host.
+ The default value is 1 (GNU Remote Debug command).
+ Other permissible value is 0 which is for vendor defined debug
+ target.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/.../dbc_poll_interval_ms
+Date: February 2024
+Contact: Mathias Nyman <mathias.nyman@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This attribute adjust the polling interval used to check for
+ DbC events. Unit is milliseconds. Accepted values range from 0
+ up to 5000. The default value is 64 ms.
+ This polling interval is used while DbC is enabled but has no
+ active data transfers.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-peci b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-peci
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..87454ec5d981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-peci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: /sys/bus/peci/rescan
+Date: July 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Iwona Winiarska <iwona.winiarska@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Writing a non-zero value to this attribute will
+ initiate scan for PECI devices on all PECI controllers
+ in the system.
+
+What: /sys/bus/peci/devices/<controller_id>-<device_addr>/remove
+Date: July 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Iwona Winiarska <iwona.winiarska@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Writing a non-zero value to this attribute will
+ remove the PECI device and any of its children.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c4dfe7355c2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/.../driver_override
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
+Description:
+ This file allows the driver for a device to be specified which
+ will override standard OF, ACPI, ID table, and name matching.
+ When specified, only a driver with a name matching the value
+ written to driver_override will have an opportunity to bind
+ to the device. The override is specified by writing a string
+ to the driver_override file (echo vfio-platform > \
+ driver_override) and may be cleared with an empty string
+ (echo > driver_override). This returns the device to standard
+ matching rules binding. Writing to driver_override does not
+ automatically unbind the device from its current driver or make
+ any attempt to automatically load the specified driver. If no
+ driver with a matching name is currently loaded in the kernel,
+ the device will not bind to any driver. This also allows
+ devices to opt-out of driver binding using a driver_override
+ name such as "none". Only a single driver may be specified in
+ the override, there is no support for parsing delimiters.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/.../numa_node
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the NUMA node to which the platform device
+ is attached. It won't be visible if the node is unknown. The
+ value comes from an ACPI _PXM method or a similar firmware
+ source. Initial users for this file would be devices like
+ arm smmu which are populated by arm64 acpi_iort.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/.../msi_irqs/
+Date: August 2021
+Contact: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../msi_irqs directory contains a variable set
+ of files, with each file being named after a corresponding msi
+ irq vector allocated to that device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/.../msi_irqs/<N>
+Date: August 2021
+Contact: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
+Description:
+ This attribute will show "msi" if <N> is a valid msi irq
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/.../modalias
+Description:
+ Same as MODALIAS in the uevent at device creation.
+
+ A platform device that it is exposed via devicetree uses:
+
+ - of:N`of node name`T`type`
+
+ Other platform devices use, instead:
+
+ - platform:`driver name`
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-devices-ampere-smpro b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-devices-ampere-smpro
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fead760dcf77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-devices-ampere-smpro
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_[core|mem|pcie|other]_[ce|ue]
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Quan Nguyen <quan@os.amperecomputing.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Contains the 48-byte Ampere (Vendor-Specific) Error Record printed
+ in hex format according to the table below:
+
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | Offset | Field | Size (byte) | Description |
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | 00 | Error Type | 1 | See :ref:`the table below <smpro-error-types>` for details |
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | 01 | Subtype | 1 | See :ref:`the table below <smpro-error-types>` for details |
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | 02 | Instance | 2 | See :ref:`the table below <smpro-error-types>` for details |
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | 04 | Error status | 4 | See ARM RAS specification for details |
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | 08 | Error Address | 8 | See ARM RAS specification for details |
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | 16 | Error Misc 0 | 8 | See ARM RAS specification for details |
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | 24 | Error Misc 1 | 8 | See ARM RAS specification for details |
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | 32 | Error Misc 2 | 8 | See ARM RAS specification for details |
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | 40 | Error Misc 3 | 8 | See ARM RAS specification for details |
+ +--------+---------------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+ The table below defines the value of error types, their subtype, subcomponent and instance:
+
+ .. _smpro-error-types:
+
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | Error Group | Error Type | Sub type | Sub component | Instance |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | CPM (core) | 0 | 0 | Snoop-Logic | CPM # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | CPM (core) | 0 | 2 | Armv8 Core 1 | CPM # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | MCU (mem) | 1 | 1 | ERR1 | MCU # \| SLOT << 11 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | MCU (mem) | 1 | 2 | ERR2 | MCU # \| SLOT << 11 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | MCU (mem) | 1 | 3 | ERR3 | MCU # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | MCU (mem) | 1 | 4 | ERR4 | MCU # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | MCU (mem) | 1 | 5 | ERR5 | MCU # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | MCU (mem) | 1 | 6 | ERR6 | MCU # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | MCU (mem) | 1 | 7 | Link Error | MCU # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | Mesh (other) | 2 | 0 | Cross Point | X \| (Y << 5) \| NS <<11 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | Mesh (other) | 2 | 1 | Home Node(IO) | X \| (Y << 5) \| NS <<11 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | Mesh (other) | 2 | 2 | Home Node(Mem) | X \| (Y << 5) \| NS <<11 \| device<<12 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | Mesh (other) | 2 | 4 | CCIX Node | X \| (Y << 5) \| NS <<11 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | 2P Link (other) | 3 | 0 | N/A | Altra 2P Link # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 0 | ERR0 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 1 | ERR1 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 2 | ERR2 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 3 | ERR3 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 4 | ERR4 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 5 | ERR5 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 6 | ERR6 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 7 | ERR7 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 8 | ERR8 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 9 | ERR9 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 10 | ERR10 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 11 | ERR11 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 12 | ERR12 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | GIC (other) | 5 | 13-21 | ERR13 | RC # + 1 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TCU | 100 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TBU0 | 0 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TBU1 | 1 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TBU2 | 2 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TBU3 | 3 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TBU4 | 4 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TBU5 | 5 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TBU6 | 6 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TBU7 | 7 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TBU8 | 8 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMMU (other) | 6 | TBU9 | 9 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | PCIe AER (pcie) | 7 | Root | 0 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | PCIe AER (pcie) | 7 | Device | 1 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | PCIe RC (pcie) | 8 | RCA HB | 0 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | PCIe RC (pcie) | 8 | RCB HB | 1 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | PCIe RC (pcie) | 8 | RASDP | 8 | RC # |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | OCM (other) | 9 | ERR0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | OCM (other) | 9 | ERR1 | 1 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | OCM (other) | 9 | ERR2 | 2 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMpro (other) | 10 | ERR0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMpro (other) | 10 | ERR1 | 1 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | SMpro (other) | 10 | MPA_ERR | 2 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | PMpro (other) | 11 | ERR0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | PMpro (other) | 11 | ERR1 | 1 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+ | PMpro (other) | 11 | MPA_ERR | 2 | 0 |
+ +-----------------+------------+----------+----------------+----------------------------------------+
+
+ Example::
+
+ # cat error_other_ue
+ 880807001e004010401040101500000001004010401040100c0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+ The detail of each sysfs entries is as below:
+
+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+ | Error | Sysfs entry | Description (when triggered) |
+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+ | Core's CE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_core_ce | Core has CE error |
+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+ | Core's UE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_core_ue | Core has UE error |
+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+ | Memory's CE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_mem_ce | Memory has CE error |
+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+ | Memory's UE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_mem_ue | Memory has UE error |
+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+ | PCIe's CE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_pcie_ce | any PCIe controller has CE error |
+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+ | PCIe's UE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_pcie_ue | any PCIe controller has UE error |
+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+ | Other's CE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_other_ce | any other CE error |
+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+ | Other's UE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_other_ue | any other UE error |
+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
+
+ UE: Uncorrect-able Error
+ CE: Correct-able Error
+
+ For details, see section `3.3 Ampere (Vendor-Specific) Error Record Formats,
+ Altra Family RAS Supplement`.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/overflow_[core|mem|pcie|other]_[ce|ue]
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Quan Nguyen <quan@os.amperecomputing.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Return the overflow status of each type HW error reported:
+
+ - 0 : No overflow
+ - 1 : There is an overflow and the oldest HW errors are dropped
+
+ The detail of each sysfs entries is as below:
+
+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+ | Overflow | Sysfs entry | Description |
+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+ | Core's CE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/overflow_core_ce | Core CE error overflow |
+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+ | Core's UE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/overflow_core_ue | Core UE error overflow |
+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+ | Memory's CE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/overflow_mem_ce | Memory CE error overflow |
+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+ | Memory's UE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/overflow_mem_ue | Memory UE error overflow |
+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+ | PCIe's CE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/overflow_pcie_ce | any PCIe controller CE error overflow |
+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+ | PCIe's UE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/overflow_pcie_ue | any PCIe controller UE error overflow |
+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+ | Other's CE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/overflow_other_ce| any other CE error overflow |
+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+ | Other's UE | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/overflow_other_ue| other UE error overflow |
+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+
+ where:
+
+ - UE: Uncorrect-able Error
+ - CE: Correct-able Error
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/[error|warn]_[smpro|pmpro]
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Quan Nguyen <quan@os.amperecomputing.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Contains the internal firmware error/warning printed as hex format.
+
+ The detail of each sysfs entries is as below:
+
+ +---------------+------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+ | Error | Sysfs entry | Description |
+ +---------------+------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+ | SMpro error | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_smpro | system has SMpro error |
+ +---------------+------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+ | SMpro warning | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/warn_smpro | system has SMpro warning |
+ +---------------+------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+ | PMpro error | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/error_pmpro | system has PMpro error |
+ +---------------+------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+ | PMpro warning | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/warn_pmpro | system has PMpro warning |
+ +---------------+------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+
+ For details, see section `5.10 RAS Internal Error Register Definitions,
+ Altra Family Soc BMC Interface Specification`.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/event_[vrd_warn_fault|vrd_hot|dimm_hot|dimm_2x_refresh]
+KernelVersion: 6.1 (event_[vrd_warn_fault|vrd_hot|dimm_hot]), 6.4 (event_dimm_2x_refresh)
+Contact: Quan Nguyen <quan@os.amperecomputing.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Contains the detail information in case of VRD/DIMM warning/hot events
+ in hex format as below::
+
+ AAAA
+
+ where:
+
+ - ``AAAA``: The event detail information data
+
+ The detail of each sysfs entries is as below:
+
+ +---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
+ | Event | Sysfs entry | Description |
+ +---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
+ | VRD HOT | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/event_vrd_hot | VRD Hot |
+ +---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
+ | VR Warn/Fault | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/event_vrd_warn_fault | VR Warning or Fault |
+ +---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
+ | DIMM HOT | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/event_dimm_hot | DIMM Hot |
+ +---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
+ | DIMM 2X | /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/event_dimm_2x_refresh| DIMM 2x refresh rate|
+ | REFRESH RATE | | event in high temp |
+ +---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
+
+ For more details, see section `5.7 GPI Status Registers and 5.9 Memory Error Register Definitions,
+ Altra Family Soc BMC Interface Specification`.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-errmon.*/event_dimm[0-15]_syndrome
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: Quan Nguyen <quan@os.amperecomputing.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) The sysfs returns the 2-byte DIMM failure syndrome data for slot
+ 0-15 if it failed to initialize.
+
+ For more details, see section `5.11 Boot Stage Register Definitions,
+ Altra Family Soc BMC Interface Specification`.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-misc.*/boot_progress
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Quan Nguyen <quan@os.amperecomputing.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Contains the boot stages information in hex as format below::
+
+ AABBCCCCCCCC
+
+ where:
+
+ - ``AA`` : The boot stages
+
+ - 00: SMpro firmware booting
+ - 01: PMpro firmware booting
+ - 02: ATF BL1 firmware booting
+ - 03: DDR initialization
+ - 04: DDR training report status
+ - 05: ATF BL2 firmware booting
+ - 06: ATF BL31 firmware booting
+ - 07: ATF BL32 firmware booting
+ - 08: UEFI firmware booting
+ - 09: OS booting
+
+ - ``BB`` : Boot status
+
+ - 00: Not started
+ - 01: Started
+ - 02: Completed without error
+ - 03: Failed.
+
+ - ``CCCCCCCC``: Boot status information defined for each boot stages
+
+ For details, see section `5.11 Boot Stage Register Definitions`
+ and section `6. Processor Boot Progress Codes, Altra Family Soc BMC
+ Interface Specification`.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/smpro-misc*/soc_power_limit
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Quan Nguyen <quan@os.amperecomputing.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Contains the desired SoC power limit in Watt.
+ Writes to this sysfs set the desired SoC power limit (W).
+ Reads from this register return the current SoC power limit (W).
+ The value ranges:
+
+ - Minimum: 120 W
+ - Maximum: Socket TDP power
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-devices-occ-hwmon b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-devices-occ-hwmon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b24d7ab0278f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-devices-occ-hwmon
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/occ-hwmon.X/ffdc
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: eajames@linux.ibm.com
+Description:
+ Contains the First Failure Data Capture from the SBEFIFO
+ hardware, if there is any from a previous transfer. Otherwise,
+ the file is empty. The data is cleared when it's been
+ completely read by a user. As the name suggests, only the data
+ from the first error is saved, until it's cleared upon read. The OCC hwmon driver, running on
+ a Baseboard Management Controller (BMC), communicates with
+ POWER9 and up processors over the Self-Boot Engine (SBE) FIFO.
+ In many error conditions, the SBEFIFO will return error data
+ indicating the type of error and system state, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-drivers-amd_x3d_vcache b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-drivers-amd_x3d_vcache
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ac3431736f5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-drivers-amd_x3d_vcache
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/amd_x3d_vcache/AMDI0101:00/amd_x3d_mode
+Date: November 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Basavaraj Natikar <Basavaraj.Natikar@amd.com>
+Description: (RW) AMD 3D V-Cache optimizer allows users to switch CPU core
+ rankings dynamically.
+
+ This file switches between these two modes:
+ - "frequency" cores within the faster CCD are prioritized before
+ those in the slower CCD.
+ - "cache" cores within the larger L3 CCD are prioritized before
+ those in the smaller L3 CCD.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-onboard-usb-dev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-onboard-usb-dev
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b06a48c3c85a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-platform-onboard-usb-dev
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/<dev>/always_powered_in_suspend
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Matthias Kaehlcke <matthias@kaehlcke.net>
+ linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Controls whether the USB hub remains always powered
+ during system suspend or not. This attribute is not
+ available for non-hub devices.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-rapidio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-rapidio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f8b6728dac10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-rapidio
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>
+Description:
+ For each RapidIO device, the RapidIO subsystem creates files in
+ an individual subdirectory with the following name format of
+ device_name "nn:d:iiii", where:
+
+ ==== ========================================================
+ nn two-digit hexadecimal ID of RapidIO network where the
+ device resides
+ d device type: 'e' - for endpoint or 's' - for switch
+ iiii four-digit device destID for endpoints, or switchID for
+ switches
+ ==== ========================================================
+
+ For example, below is a list of device directories that
+ represents a typical RapidIO network with one switch, one host,
+ and two agent endpoints, as it is seen by the enumerating host
+ (with destID = 1)::
+
+ /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/00:e:0000
+ /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/00:e:0002
+ /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/00:s:0001
+
+ NOTE:
+ An enumerating or discovering endpoint does not create a
+ sysfs entry for itself, this is why an endpoint with destID=1
+ is not shown in the list.
+
+Attributes Common for All RapidIO Devices
+-----------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>/did
+Date: Nov, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.15
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) returns the device identifier
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>/vid
+Date: Nov, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.15
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) returns the device vendor identifier
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>/device_rev
+Date: Nov, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.15
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) returns the device revision level
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>/asm_did
+Date: Nov, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.15
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) returns identifier for the assembly containing the device
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>/asm_rev
+Date: Nov, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.15
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) returns revision level of the assembly containing the
+ device
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>/asm_vid
+Date: Nov, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.15
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) returns vendor identifier of the assembly containing the
+ device
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>/destid
+Date: Mar, 2011
+KernelVersion: v2.6.3
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) returns device destination ID assigned by the enumeration
+ routine
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>/lprev
+Date: Mar, 2011
+KernelVersion: v2.6.39
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) returns name of previous device (switch) on the path to the
+ device that that owns this attribute
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>/modalias
+Date: Jul, 2013
+KernelVersion: v3.11
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) returns the device modalias
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<d>:<iiii>/config
+Date: Nov, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.15
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Binary attribute to read from and write to the device
+ configuration registers using the RapidIO maintenance
+ transactions. This attribute is similar in behaviour to the
+ "config" attribute of PCI devices and provides an access to the
+ RapidIO device registers using standard file read and write
+ operations.
+
+RapidIO Switch Device Attributes
+--------------------------------
+
+RapidIO switches have additional attributes in sysfs. RapidIO subsystem supports
+common and device-specific sysfs attributes for switches. Because switches are
+integrated into the RapidIO subsystem, it offers a method to create
+device-specific sysfs attributes by specifying a callback function that may be
+set by the switch initialization routine during enumeration or discovery
+process.
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<s>:<iiii>/routes
+Date: Nov, 2005
+KernelVersion: v2.6.15
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) reports switch routing information in "destID port" format.
+ This attribute reports only valid routing table entries, one
+ line for each entry.
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<s>:<iiii>/destid
+Date: Mar, 2011
+KernelVersion: v2.6.3
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) device destination ID of the associated device that defines
+ a route to the switch
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<s>:<iiii>/hopcount
+Date: Mar, 2011
+KernelVersion: v2.6.39
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) number of hops on the path to the switch
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<s>:<iiii>/lnext
+Date: Mar, 2011
+KernelVersion: v2.6.39
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) returns names of devices linked to the switch except one of
+ a device linked to the ingress port (reported as "lprev"). This
+ is an array names with number of lines equal to number of ports
+ in switch. If a switch port has no attached device, returns
+ "null" instead of a device name.
+
+Device-specific Switch Attributes
+---------------------------------
+
+IDT_GEN2-
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/devices/<nn>:<s>:<iiii>/errlog
+Date: Oct, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) reads contents of device error log until it is empty.
+
+RapidIO Bus Attributes
+----------------------
+
+What: /sys/bus/rapidio/scan
+Date: May, 2013
+KernelVersion: v3.11
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (WO) Allows to trigger enumeration discovery process from user
+ space. To initiate an enumeration or discovery process on
+ specific mport device, a user needs to write mport_ID (not
+ RapidIO destination ID) into this file. The mport_ID is a
+ sequential number (0 ... RIO_MAX_MPORTS) assigned to the mport
+ device. For example, for a machine with a single RapidIO
+ controller, mport_ID for that controller always will be 0. To
+ initiate RapidIO enumeration/discovery on all available mports a
+ user must write '-1' (or RIO_MPORT_ANY) into this attribute
+ file.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-rbd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-rbd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..417a2fe21be1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-rbd
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/add
+Date: Oct, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+ (WO) Add rbd block device.
+
+ Usage: <mon ip addr> <options> <pool name> <rbd image name> [<snap name>]
+
+ Example::
+
+ $ echo "192.168.0.1 name=admin rbd foo" > /sys/bus/rbd/add
+
+ The snapshot name can be "-" or omitted to map the image
+ read/write. A <dev-id> will be assigned for any registered block
+ device. If snapshot is used, it will be mapped read-only.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/remove
+Date: Oct, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+ (WO) Remove rbd block device.
+
+ Usage: <dev-id> [force]
+
+ Example::
+
+ $ echo 2 > /sys/bus/rbd/remove
+
+ Optional "force" argument which when passed will wait for
+ running requests and then unmap the image. Requests sent to the
+ driver after initiating the removal will be failed. (August
+ 2016, since 4.9.)
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/add_single_major
+Date: Dec, 2013
+KernelVersion: v3.14
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+ (WO) Available only if rbd module is inserted with single_major
+ parameter set to true.
+
+ Usage is the same as for /sys/bus/rbd/add. If present, this
+ should be used instead of the latter: any attempts to use
+ /sys/bus/rbd/add if /sys/bus/rbd/add_single_major is available
+ will fail for backwards compatibility reasons.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/remove_single_major
+Date: Dec, 2013
+KernelVersion: v3.14
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+ (WO) Available only if rbd module is inserted with single_major
+ parameter set to true.
+
+ Usage is the same as for /sys/bus/rbd/remove. If present, this
+ should be used instead of the latter: any attempts to use
+ /sys/bus/rbd/remove if /sys/bus/rbd/remove_single_major is
+ available will fail for backwards compatibility reasons.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/supported_features
+Date: Mar, 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+ (RO) Displays the features supported by the rbd module so that
+ userspace can generate meaningful error messages and spell out
+ unsupported features that need to be disabled.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/size
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/major
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/client_id
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/pool
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/name
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/refresh
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/current_snap
+Date: Oct, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.37
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+
+ ============== ================================================
+ size (RO) The size (in bytes) of the mapped block
+ device.
+
+ major (RO) The block device major number.
+
+ client_id (RO) The ceph unique client id that was assigned
+ for this specific session.
+
+ pool (RO) The name of the storage pool where this rbd
+ image resides. An rbd image name is unique
+ within its pool.
+
+ name (RO) The name of the rbd image.
+
+ refresh (WO) Writing to this file will reread the image
+ header data and set all relevant data structures
+ accordingly.
+
+ current_snap (RO) The current snapshot for which the device
+ is mapped.
+ ============== ================================================
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/pool_id
+Date: Jul, 2012
+KernelVersion: v3.6
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+ (RO) The unique identifier for the rbd image's pool. This is a
+ permanent attribute of the pool. A pool's id will never change.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/image_id
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/features
+Date: Oct, 2012
+KernelVersion: v3.7
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+ ========= ===============================================
+ image_id (RO) The unique id for the rbd image. (For rbd
+ image format 1 this is empty.)
+
+ features (RO) A hexadecimal encoding of the feature bits
+ for this image.
+ ========= ===============================================
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/parent
+Date: Nov, 2012
+KernelVersion: v3.8
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+ (RO) Information identifying the chain of parent images in a
+ layered rbd image. Entries are separated by empty lines.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/minor
+Date: Dec, 2013
+KernelVersion: v3.14
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+ (RO) The block device minor number.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/snap_id
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/config_info
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/cluster_fsid
+What: /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/client_addr
+Date: Aug, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.9
+Contact: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
+Description:
+ ============ ================================================
+ snap_id (RO) The current snapshot's id.
+
+ config_info (RO) The string written into
+ /sys/bus/rbd/add{,_single_major}.
+
+ cluster_fsid (RO) The ceph cluster UUID.
+
+ client_addr (RO) The ceph unique client
+ entity_addr_t (address + nonce). The format is
+ <address>:<port>/<nonce>: '1.2.3.4:1234/5678' or
+ '[1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]:1234/5678'.
+ ============ ================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-rpmsg b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-rpmsg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..990fcc420935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-rpmsg
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+What: /sys/bus/rpmsg/devices/.../name
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
+Description:
+ Every rpmsg device is a communication channel with a remote
+ processor. Channels are identified with a (textual) name,
+ which is maximum 32 bytes long (defined as RPMSG_NAME_SIZE in
+ rpmsg.h).
+
+ This sysfs entry contains the name of this channel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/rpmsg/devices/.../src
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
+Description:
+ Every rpmsg device is a communication channel with a remote
+ processor. Channels have a local ("source") rpmsg address,
+ and remote ("destination") rpmsg address. When an entity
+ starts listening on one end of a channel, it assigns it with
+ a unique rpmsg address (a 32 bits integer). This way when
+ inbound messages arrive to this address, the rpmsg core
+ dispatches them to the listening entity (a kernel driver).
+
+ This sysfs entry contains the src (local) rpmsg address
+ of this channel. If it contains 0xffffffff, then an address
+ wasn't assigned (can happen if no driver exists for this
+ channel).
+
+What: /sys/bus/rpmsg/devices/.../dst
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
+Description:
+ Every rpmsg device is a communication channel with a remote
+ processor. Channels have a local ("source") rpmsg address,
+ and remote ("destination") rpmsg address. When an entity
+ starts listening on one end of a channel, it assigns it with
+ a unique rpmsg address (a 32 bits integer). This way when
+ inbound messages arrive to this address, the rpmsg core
+ dispatches them to the listening entity.
+
+ This sysfs entry contains the dst (remote) rpmsg address
+ of this channel. If it contains 0xffffffff, then an address
+ wasn't assigned (can happen if the kernel driver that
+ is attached to this channel is exposing a service to the
+ remote processor. This make it a local rpmsg server,
+ and it is listening for inbound messages that may be sent
+ from any remote rpmsg client; it is not bound to a single
+ remote entity).
+
+What: /sys/bus/rpmsg/devices/.../announce
+Date: June 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
+Description:
+ Every rpmsg device is a communication channel with a remote
+ processor. Channels are identified by a textual name (see
+ /sys/bus/rpmsg/devices/.../name above) and have a local
+ ("source") rpmsg address, and remote ("destination") rpmsg
+ address.
+
+ A channel is first created when an entity, whether local
+ or remote, starts listening on it for messages (and is thus
+ called an rpmsg server).
+
+ When that happens, a "name service" announcement is sent
+ to the other processor, in order to let it know about the
+ creation of the channel (this way remote clients know they
+ can start sending messages).
+
+ This sysfs entry tells us whether the channel is a local
+ server channel that is announced (values are either
+ true or false).
+
+What: /sys/bus/rpmsg/devices/.../driver_override
+Date: April 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.18
+Contact: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ Every rpmsg device is a communication channel with a remote
+ processor. Channels are identified by a textual name (see
+ /sys/bus/rpmsg/devices/.../name above) and have a local
+ ("source") rpmsg address, and remote ("destination") rpmsg
+ address.
+
+ The listening entity (or client) which communicates with a
+ remote processor is referred as rpmsg driver. The rpmsg device
+ and rpmsg driver are matched based on rpmsg device name and
+ rpmsg driver ID table.
+
+ This sysfs entry allows the rpmsg driver for a rpmsg device
+ to be specified which will override standard OF, ID table
+ and name matching.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-siox b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-siox
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..50e80238f30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-siox
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X/active
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ On reading represents the current state of the bus. If it
+ contains a "0" the bus is stopped and connected devices are
+ expected to not do anything because their watchdog triggered.
+ When the file contains a "1" the bus is operated and periodically
+ does a push-pull cycle to write and read data from the
+ connected devices.
+
+ When writing a "0" or "1" the bus moves to the described state.
+
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X/device_add
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Write-only file. Write
+
+ <type> <inbytes> <outbytes> <statustype>
+
+ to add a new device dynamically. <type> is the name that is used to match
+ to a driver (similar to the platform bus). <inbytes> and <outbytes> define
+ the length of the input and output shift register in bytes respectively.
+
+ <statustype> defines the 4 bit device type that is check to identify connection
+ problems.
+
+ The new device is added to the end of the existing chain.
+
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X/device_remove
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Write-only file. A single write removes the last device in the siox chain.
+
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X/poll_interval_ns
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Defines the interval between two poll cycles in nano seconds.
+ Note this is rounded to jiffies on writing. On reading the current value
+ is returned.
+
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X-Y/connected
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Read-only value. "0" means the Yth device on siox bus X isn't "connected" i.e.
+ communication with it is not ensured. "1" signals a working connection.
+
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X-Y/inbytes
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Read-only value reporting the inbytes value provided to siox-X/device_add
+
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X-Y/status_errors
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Counts the number of time intervals when the read status byte doesn't yield the
+ expected value.
+
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X-Y/type
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Read-only value reporting the type value provided to siox-X/device_add.
+
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X-Y/watchdog
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Read-only value reporting if the watchdog of the siox device is
+ active. "0" means the watchdog is not active and the device is expected to
+ be operational. "1" means the watchdog keeps the device in reset.
+
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X-Y/watchdog_errors
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Read-only value reporting the number to time intervals when the
+ watchdog was active.
+
+What: /sys/bus/siox/devices/siox-X-Y/outbytes
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Thorsten Scherer <t.scherer@eckelmann.de>, Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Read-only value reporting the outbytes value provided to siox-X/device_add.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-soundwire-master b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-soundwire-master
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d2342911ffbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-soundwire-master
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What: /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw-master-<N>/revision
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw-master-<N>/clk_stop_modes
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw-master-<N>/clk_freq
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw-master-<N>/clk_gears
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw-master-<N>/default_col
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw-master-<N>/default_frame_rate
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw-master-<N>/default_row
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw-master-<N>/dynamic_shape
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw-master-<N>/err_threshold
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw-master-<N>/max_clk_freq
+
+Date: April 2020
+
+Contact: Pierre-Louis Bossart <pierre-louis.bossart@linux.intel.com>
+ Bard Liao <yung-chuan.liao@linux.intel.com>
+ Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
+
+Description: SoundWire Master-N DisCo properties.
+ These properties are defined by MIPI DisCo Specification
+ for SoundWire. They define various properties of the Master
+ and are used by the bus to configure the Master. clk_stop_modes
+ is a bitmask for simplifications and combines the
+ clock-stop-mode0 and clock-stop-mode1 properties.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-soundwire-slave b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-soundwire-slave
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fbf55834dfee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-soundwire-slave
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+What: /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../status
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../device_number
+
+Date: September 2020
+
+Contact: Pierre-Louis Bossart <pierre-louis.bossart@linux.intel.com>
+ Bard Liao <yung-chuan.liao@linux.intel.com>
+ Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
+
+Description: SoundWire Slave status
+
+ These properties report the Slave status, e.g. if it
+ is UNATTACHED or not, and in the latter case show the
+ device_number. This status information is useful to
+ detect devices exposed by platform firmware but not
+ physically present on the bus, and conversely devices
+ not exposed in platform firmware but enumerated.
+
+What: /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/mipi_revision
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/wake_capable
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/test_mode_capable
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/clk_stop_mode1
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/simple_clk_stop_capable
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/clk_stop_timeout
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/ch_prep_timeout
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/reset_behave
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/high_PHY_capable
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/paging_support
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/bank_delay_support
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/p15_behave
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/master_count
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/source_ports
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dev-properties/sink_ports
+
+Date: May 2020
+
+Contact: Pierre-Louis Bossart <pierre-louis.bossart@linux.intel.com>
+ Bard Liao <yung-chuan.liao@linux.intel.com>
+ Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
+
+Description: SoundWire Slave DisCo properties.
+ These properties are defined by MIPI DisCo Specification
+ for SoundWire. They define various properties of the
+ SoundWire Slave and are used by the bus to configure
+ the Slave
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp0/max_word
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp0/min_word
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp0/words
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp0/BRA_flow_controlled
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp0/simple_ch_prep_sm
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp0/imp_def_interrupts
+
+Date: May 2020
+
+Contact: Pierre-Louis Bossart <pierre-louis.bossart@linux.intel.com>
+ Bard Liao <yung-chuan.liao@linux.intel.com>
+ Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
+
+Description: SoundWire Slave Data Port-0 DisCo properties.
+ These properties are defined by MIPI DisCo Specification
+ for the SoundWire. They define various properties of the
+ Data port 0 are used by the bus to configure the Data Port 0.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/max_word
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/min_word
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/words
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/type
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/max_grouping
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/simple_ch_prep_sm
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/ch_prep_timeout
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/imp_def_interrupts
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/min_ch
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/max_ch
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/channels
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/ch_combinations
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/max_async_buffer
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/block_pack_mode
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_src/port_encoding
+
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/max_word
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/min_word
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/words
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/type
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/max_grouping
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/simple_ch_prep_sm
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/ch_prep_timeout
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/imp_def_interrupts
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/min_ch
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/max_ch
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/channels
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/ch_combinations
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/max_async_buffer
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/block_pack_mode
+ /sys/bus/soundwire/devices/sdw:.../dp<N>_sink/port_encoding
+
+Date: May 2020
+
+Contact: Pierre-Louis Bossart <pierre-louis.bossart@linux.intel.com>
+ Bard Liao <yung-chuan.liao@linux.intel.com>
+ Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
+
+Description: SoundWire Slave Data Source/Sink Port-N DisCo properties.
+ These properties are defined by MIPI DisCo Specification
+ for SoundWire. They define various properties of the
+ Source/Sink Data port N and are used by the bus to configure
+ the Data Port N.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-spi-devices-spi-nor b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-spi-devices-spi-nor
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9ed5582ddea2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-spi-devices-spi-nor
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+What: /sys/bus/spi/devices/.../spi-nor/jedec_id
+Date: April 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.14
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description: (RO) The JEDEC ID of the SPI NOR flash as reported by the
+ flash device.
+
+ The attribute is not present if the flash doesn't support
+ the "Read JEDEC ID" command (9Fh). This is the case for
+ non-JEDEC compliant flashes.
+
+What: /sys/bus/spi/devices/.../spi-nor/manufacturer
+Date: April 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.14
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description: (RO) Manufacturer of the SPI NOR flash.
+
+ The attribute is not present if the flash device isn't
+ known to the kernel and is only probed by its SFDP
+ tables.
+
+What: /sys/bus/spi/devices/.../spi-nor/partname
+Date: April 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.14
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description: (RO) Part name of the SPI NOR flash.
+
+ The attribute is optional. User space should not rely on
+ it to be present or even correct. Instead, user space
+ should read the jedec_id attribute.
+
+What: /sys/bus/spi/devices/.../spi-nor/sfdp
+Date: April 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.14
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description: (RO) This attribute is only present if the SPI NOR flash
+ device supports the "Read SFDP" command (5Ah).
+
+ If present, it contains the complete SFDP (serial flash
+ discoverable parameters) binary data of the flash.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-surface_aggregator-tabletsw b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-surface_aggregator-tabletsw
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..74cd9d754e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-surface_aggregator-tabletsw
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+What: /sys/bus/surface_aggregator/devices/01:0e:01:00:01/state
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Maximilian Luz <luzmaximilian@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This attribute returns a string with the current type-cover
+ or device posture, as indicated by the embedded controller.
+ Currently returned posture states are:
+
+ - "disconnected": The type-cover has been disconnected.
+
+ - "closed": The type-cover has been folded closed and lies on
+ top of the display.
+
+ - "laptop": The type-cover is open and in laptop-mode, i.e.,
+ ready for normal use.
+
+ - "folded-canvas": The type-cover has been folded back
+ part-ways, but does not lie flush with the back side of the
+ device. In general, this means that the kick-stand is used
+ and extended atop of the cover.
+
+ - "folded-back": The type cover has been fully folded back and
+ lies flush with the back side of the device.
+
+ - "<unknown>": The current state is unknown to the driver, for
+ example due to newer as-of-yet unsupported hardware.
+
+ New states may be introduced with new hardware. Users therefore
+ must not rely on this list of states being exhaustive and
+ gracefully handle unknown states.
+
+What: /sys/bus/surface_aggregator/devices/01:26:01:00:01/state
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Maximilian Luz <luzmaximilian@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This attribute returns a string with the current device posture, as indicated by the embedded controller. Currently
+ returned posture states are:
+
+ - "closed": The lid of the device is closed.
+
+ - "laptop": The lid of the device is opened and the device
+ operates as a normal laptop.
+
+ - "slate": The screen covers the keyboard or has been flipped
+ back and the device operates mainly based on touch input.
+
+ - "tablet": The device operates as tablet and exclusively
+ relies on touch input (or external peripherals).
+
+ - "<unknown>": The current state is unknown to the driver, for
+ example due to newer as-of-yet unsupported hardware.
+
+ New states may be introduced with new hardware. Users therefore
+ must not rely on this list of states being exhaustive and
+ gracefully handle unknown states.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-thunderbolt b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-thunderbolt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..221b6c75ed93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-thunderbolt
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../domainX/boot_acl
+Date: Jun 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.17
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Holds a comma separated list of device unique_ids that
+ are allowed to be connected automatically during system
+ startup (e.g boot devices). The list always contains
+ maximum supported number of unique_ids where unused
+ entries are empty. This allows the userspace software
+ to determine how many entries the controller supports.
+ If there are multiple controllers, each controller has
+ its own ACL list and size may be different between the
+ controllers.
+
+ System BIOS may have an option "Preboot ACL" or similar
+ that needs to be selected before this list is taken into
+ consideration.
+
+ Software always updates a full list in each write.
+
+ If a device is authorized automatically during boot its
+ boot attribute is set to 1.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../domainX/deauthorization
+Date: May 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute tells whether the system supports
+ de-authorization of devices. Value of 1 means user can
+ de-authorize PCIe tunnel by writing 0 to authorized
+ attribute under each device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../domainX/iommu_dma_protection
+Date: Mar 2019
+KernelVersion: 4.21
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute tells whether the system uses IOMMU
+ for DMA protection. Value of 1 means IOMMU is used 0 means
+ it is not (DMA protection is solely based on Thunderbolt
+ security levels).
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../domainX/security
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute holds current Thunderbolt security level
+ set by the system BIOS. Possible values are:
+
+ ======= ==================================================
+ none All devices are automatically authorized
+ user Devices are only authorized based on writing
+ appropriate value to the authorized attribute
+ secure Require devices that support secure connect at
+ minimum. User needs to authorize each device.
+ dponly Automatically tunnel Display port (and USB). No
+ PCIe tunnels are created.
+ usbonly Automatically tunnel USB controller of the
+ connected Thunderbolt dock (and Display Port). All
+ PCIe links downstream of the dock are removed.
+ nopcie USB4 system where PCIe tunneling is disabled from
+ the BIOS.
+ ======= ==================================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../authorized
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute is used to authorize Thunderbolt devices
+ after they have been connected. If the device is not
+ authorized, no PCIe devices are available to the system.
+
+ Contents of this attribute will be 0 when the device is not
+ yet authorized.
+
+ Possible values are supported:
+
+ == ===================================================
+ 0 The device will be de-authorized (only supported if
+ deauthorization attribute under domain contains 1)
+ 1 The device will be authorized and connected
+ == ===================================================
+
+ When key attribute contains 32 byte hex string the possible
+ values are:
+
+ == ========================================================
+ 0 The device will be de-authorized (only supported if
+ deauthorization attribute under domain contains 1)
+ 1 The 32 byte hex string is added to the device NVM and
+ the device is authorized.
+ 2 Send a challenge based on the 32 byte hex string. If the
+ challenge response from device is valid, the device is
+ authorized. In case of failure errno will be ENOKEY if
+ the device did not contain a key at all, and
+ EKEYREJECTED if the challenge response did not match.
+ == ========================================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../boot
+Date: Jun 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.17
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute contains 1 if Thunderbolt device was already
+ authorized on boot and 0 otherwise.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../generation
+Date: Jan 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Christian Kellner <christian@kellner.me>
+Description: This attribute contains the generation of the Thunderbolt
+ controller associated with the device. It will contain 4
+ for USB4.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../key
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: When a devices supports Thunderbolt secure connect it will
+ have this attribute. Writing 32 byte hex string changes
+ authorization to use the secure connection method instead.
+ Writing an empty string clears the key and regular connection
+ method can be used again.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../device
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute contains id of this device extracted from
+ the device DROM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../device_name
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute contains name of this device extracted from
+ the device DROM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../maxhopid
+Date: Jul 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Only set for XDomains. The maximum HopID the other host
+ supports as its input HopID.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../rx_speed
+Date: Jan 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute reports the device RX speed per lane.
+ All RX lanes run at the same speed.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../rx_lanes
+Date: Jan 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute reports number of RX lanes the device is
+ using simultaneously through its upstream port.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../tx_speed
+Date: Jan 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute reports the TX speed per lane.
+ All TX lanes run at the same speed.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../tx_lanes
+Date: Jan 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute reports number of TX lanes the device is
+ using simultaneously through its upstream port.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../vendor
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute contains vendor id of this device extracted
+ from the device DROM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../vendor_name
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute contains vendor name of this device extracted
+ from the device DROM.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../unique_id
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This attribute contains unique_id string of this device.
+ This is either read from hardware registers (UUID on
+ newer hardware) or based on UID from the device DROM.
+ Can be used to uniquely identify particular device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../nvm_version
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: If the device has upgradeable firmware the version
+ number is available here. Format: %x.%x, major.minor.
+ If the device is in safe mode reading the file returns
+ -ENODATA instead as the NVM version is not available.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../nvm_authenticate
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: When new NVM image is written to the non-active NVM
+ area (through non_activeX NVMem device), the
+ authentication procedure is started by writing to
+ this file.
+ If everything goes well, the device is
+ restarted with the new NVM firmware. If the image
+ verification fails an error code is returned instead.
+
+ This file will accept writing values "1", "2" or "3".
+
+ - Writing "1" will flush the image to the storage
+ area and authenticate the image in one action.
+ - Writing "2" will run some basic validation on the image
+ and flush it to the storage area.
+ - Writing "3" will authenticate the image that is
+ currently written in the storage area. This is only
+ supported with USB4 devices and retimers.
+
+ When read holds status of the last authentication
+ operation if an error occurred during the process. This
+ is directly the status value from the DMA configuration
+ based mailbox before the device is power cycled. Writing
+ 0 here clears the status.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/.../nvm_authenticate_on_disconnect
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.9
+Contact: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@outlook.com>
+Description: For supported devices, automatically authenticate the new Thunderbolt
+ image when the device is disconnected from the host system.
+
+ This file will accept writing values "1" or "2"
+
+ - Writing "1" will flush the image to the storage
+ area and prepare the device for authentication on disconnect.
+ - Writing "2" will run some basic validation on the image
+ and flush it to the storage area.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/key
+Date: Jan 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This contains name of the property directory the XDomain
+ service exposes. This entry describes the protocol in
+ question. Following directories are already reserved by
+ the Apple XDomain specification:
+
+ ======== ===============================================
+ network IP/ethernet over Thunderbolt
+ targetdm Target disk mode protocol over Thunderbolt
+ extdisp External display mode protocol over Thunderbolt
+ ======== ===============================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/modalias
+Date: Jan 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Stores the same MODALIAS value emitted by uevent for
+ the XDomain service. Format: tbtsvc:kSpNvNrN
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/prtcid
+Date: Jan 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This contains XDomain protocol identifier the XDomain
+ service supports.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/prtcvers
+Date: Jan 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This contains XDomain protocol version the XDomain
+ service supports.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/prtcrevs
+Date: Jan 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This contains XDomain software version the XDomain
+ service supports.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/prtcstns
+Date: Jan 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: This contains XDomain service specific settings as
+ bitmask. Format: %x
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/usb4_portX/connector
+Date: April 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Symlink to the USB Type-C connector. This link is only
+ created when USB Type-C Connector Class is enabled,
+ and only if the system firmware is capable of
+ describing the connection between a port and its
+ connector.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/usb4_portX/link
+Date: Sep 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Returns the current link mode. Possible values are
+ "usb4", "tbt" and "none".
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/usb4_portX/offline
+Date: Sep 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Rajmohan Mani <rajmohan.mani@intel.com>
+Description: Writing 1 to this attribute puts the USB4 port into
+ offline mode. Only allowed when there is nothing
+ connected to the port (link attribute returns "none").
+ Once the port is in offline mode it does not receive any
+ hotplug events. This is used to update NVM firmware of
+ on-board retimers. Writing 0 puts the port back to
+ online mode.
+
+ This attribute is only visible if the platform supports
+ powering on retimers when there is no cable connected.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/usb4_portX/rescan
+Date: Sep 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Rajmohan Mani <rajmohan.mani@intel.com>
+Description: When the USB4 port is in offline mode writing 1 to this
+ attribute forces rescan of the sideband for on-board
+ retimers. Each retimer appear under the USB4 port as if
+ the USB4 link was up. These retimers act in the same way
+ as if the cable was connected so upgrading their NVM
+ firmware can be done the usual way.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<device>:<port>.<index>/device
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.9
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Retimer device identifier read from the hardware.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<device>:<port>.<index>/nvm_authenticate
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.9
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: When new NVM image is written to the non-active NVM
+ area (through non_activeX NVMem device), the
+ authentication procedure is started by writing 1 to
+ this file. If everything goes well, the device is
+ restarted with the new NVM firmware. If the image
+ verification fails an error code is returned instead.
+
+ When read holds status of the last authentication
+ operation if an error occurred during the process.
+ Format: %x.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<device>:<port>.<index>/nvm_version
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.9
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Holds retimer NVM version number. Format: %x.%x, major.minor.
+
+What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<device>:<port>.<index>/vendor
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.9
+Contact: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Retimer vendor identifier read from the hardware.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-typec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-typec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..205d9c91e2e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-typec
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+What: /sys/bus/typec/devices/.../active
+Date: July 2018
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows if the mode is active or not. The attribute can be used
+ for entering/exiting the mode. Entering/exiting modes is
+ supported as synchronous operation so write(2) to the attribute
+ does not return until the enter/exit mode operation has
+ finished. The attribute is notified when the mode is
+ entered/exited so poll(2) on the attribute wakes up.
+ Entering/exiting a mode will also generate uevent KOBJ_CHANGE.
+
+ Valid values are boolean.
+
+What: /sys/bus/typec/devices/.../description
+Date: July 2018
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows description of the mode. The description is optional for
+ the drivers, just like with the Billboard Devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/typec/devices/.../mode
+Date: July 2018
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The index number of the mode returned by Discover Modes USB
+ Power Delivery command. Depending on the alternate mode, the
+ mode index may be significant.
+
+ With some alternate modes (SVIDs), the mode index is assigned
+ for specific functionality in the specification for that
+ alternate mode.
+
+ With other alternate modes, the mode index values are not
+ assigned, and can not be therefore used for identification. When
+ the mode index is not assigned, identifying the alternate mode
+ must be done with either mode VDO or the description.
+
+What: /sys/bus/typec/devices/.../svid
+Date: July 2018
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The Standard or Vendor ID (SVID) assigned by USB-IF for this
+ alternate mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/typec/devices/.../vdo
+Date: July 2018
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the VDO in hexadecimal returned by Discover Modes command
+ for this mode.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb
index 11a3c1682cec..af9b653422f1 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb
@@ -1,87 +1,607 @@
-What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/autosuspend
-Date: March 2007
-KernelVersion: 2.6.21
-Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
-Description:
- Each USB device directory will contain a file named
- power/autosuspend. This file holds the time (in seconds)
- the device must be idle before it will be autosuspended.
- 0 means the device will be autosuspended as soon as
- possible. Negative values will prevent the device from
- being autosuspended at all, and writing a negative value
- will resume the device if it is already suspended.
-
- The autosuspend delay for newly-created devices is set to
- the value of the usbcore.autosuspend module parameter.
-
-What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/level
-Date: March 2007
-KernelVersion: 2.6.21
-Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
-Description:
- Each USB device directory will contain a file named
- power/level. This file holds a power-level setting for
- the device, one of "on", "auto", or "suspend".
-
- "on" means that the device is not allowed to autosuspend,
- although normal suspends for system sleep will still
- be honored. "auto" means the device will autosuspend
- and autoresume in the usual manner, according to the
- capabilities of its driver. "suspend" means the device
- is forced into a suspended state and it will not autoresume
- in response to I/O requests. However remote-wakeup requests
- from the device may still be enabled (the remote-wakeup
- setting is controlled separately by the power/wakeup
- attribute).
-
- During normal use, devices should be left in the "auto"
- level. The other levels are meant for administrative uses.
- If you want to suspend a device immediately but leave it
- free to wake up in response to I/O requests, you should
- write "0" to power/autosuspend.
-
-What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/persist
-Date: May 2007
-KernelVersion: 2.6.23
-Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
-Description:
- If CONFIG_USB_PERSIST is set, then each USB device directory
- will contain a file named power/persist. The file holds a
- boolean value (0 or 1) indicating whether or not the
- "USB-Persist" facility is enabled for the device. Since the
- facility is inherently dangerous, it is disabled by default
- for all devices except hubs. For more information, see
- Documentation/usb/persist.txt.
-
-What: /sys/bus/usb/device/.../power/connected_duration
-Date: January 2008
-KernelVersion: 2.6.25
-Contact: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@intel.com>
-Description:
- If CONFIG_PM and CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND are enabled, then this file
- is present. When read, it returns the total time (in msec)
- that the USB device has been connected to the machine. This
- file is read-only.
-Users:
- PowerTOP <power@bughost.org>
- http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/
-
-What: /sys/bus/usb/device/.../power/active_duration
-Date: January 2008
-KernelVersion: 2.6.25
-Contact: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@intel.com>
-Description:
- If CONFIG_PM and CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND are enabled, then this file
- is present. When read, it returns the total time (in msec)
- that the USB device has been active, i.e. not in a suspended
- state. This file is read-only.
-
- Tools can use this file and the connected_duration file to
- compute the percentage of time that a device has been active.
- For example,
- echo $((100 * `cat active_duration` / `cat connected_duration`))
- will give an integer percentage. Note that this does not
- account for counter wrap.
-Users:
- PowerTOP <power@bughost.org>
- http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<INTERFACE>/authorized
+Date: August 2015
+Description:
+ This allows to authorize (1) or deauthorize (0)
+ individual interfaces instead a whole device
+ in contrast to the device authorization.
+ If a deauthorized interface will be authorized
+ so the driver probing must be triggered manually
+ by writing INTERFACE to /sys/bus/usb/drivers_probe
+ This allows to avoid side-effects with drivers
+ that need multiple interfaces.
+
+ A deauthorized interface cannot be probed or claimed.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/interface_authorized_default
+Date: August 2015
+Description:
+ This is used as value that determines if interfaces
+ would be authorized by default.
+ The value can be 1 or 0. It's by default 1.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/device/.../authorized
+Date: July 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+ Authorized devices are available for use by device
+ drivers, non-authorized one are not. By default, wired
+ USB devices are authorized.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/drivers/.../new_id
+Date: October 2011
+Contact: linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing a device ID to this file will attempt to
+ dynamically add a new device ID to a USB device driver.
+ This may allow the driver to support more hardware than
+ was included in the driver's static device ID support
+ table at compile time. The format for the device ID is:
+ idVendor idProduct bInterfaceClass RefIdVendor RefIdProduct
+ The vendor ID and device ID fields are required, the
+ rest is optional. The `Ref*` tuple can be used to tell the
+ driver to use the same driver_data for the new device as
+ it is used for the reference device.
+ Upon successfully adding an ID, the driver will probe
+ for the device and attempt to bind to it. For example::
+
+ # echo "8086 10f5" > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/foo/new_id
+
+ Here add a new device (0458:7045) using driver_data from
+ an already supported device (0458:704c)::
+
+ # echo "0458 7045 0 0458 704c" > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/foo/new_id
+
+ Reading from this file will list all dynamically added
+ device IDs in the same format, with one entry per
+ line. For example::
+
+ # cat /sys/bus/usb/drivers/foo/new_id
+ 8086 10f5
+ dead beef 06
+ f00d cafe
+
+ The list will be truncated at PAGE_SIZE bytes due to
+ sysfs restrictions.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/.../new_id
+Date: October 2011
+Contact: linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ For serial USB drivers, this attribute appears under the
+ extra bus folder "usb-serial" in sysfs; apart from that
+ difference, all descriptions from the entry
+ "/sys/bus/usb/drivers/.../new_id" apply.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/drivers/.../remove_id
+Date: November 2009
+Contact: CHENG Renquan <rqcheng@smu.edu.sg>
+Description:
+ Writing a device ID to this file will remove an ID
+ that was dynamically added via the new_id sysfs entry.
+ The format for the device ID is:
+ idVendor idProduct. After successfully
+ removing an ID, the driver will no longer support the
+ device. This is useful to ensure auto probing won't
+ match the driver to the device. For example:
+ # echo "046d c315" > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/foo/remove_id
+
+ Reading from this file will list the dynamically added
+ device IDs, exactly like reading from the entry
+ "/sys/bus/usb/drivers/.../new_id"
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/usb2_hardware_lpm
+Date: September 2011
+Contact: Andiry Xu <andiry.xu@amd.com>
+Description:
+ If CONFIG_PM is set and a USB 2.0 lpm-capable device is plugged
+ in to a xHCI host which support link PM, it will perform a LPM
+ test; if the test is passed and host supports USB2 hardware LPM
+ (xHCI 1.0 feature), USB2 hardware LPM will be enabled for the
+ device and the USB device directory will contain a file named
+ power/usb2_hardware_lpm. The file holds a string value (enable
+ or disable) indicating whether or not USB2 hardware LPM is
+ enabled for the device. Developer can write y/Y/1 or n/N/0 to
+ the file to enable/disable the feature.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/usb3_hardware_lpm_u1
+ /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/usb3_hardware_lpm_u2
+Date: November 2015
+Contact: Kevin Strasser <kevin.strasser@linux.intel.com>
+ Lu Baolu <baolu.lu@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ If CONFIG_PM is set and a USB 3.0 lpm-capable device is plugged
+ in to a xHCI host which supports link PM, it will check if U1
+ and U2 exit latencies have been set in the BOS descriptor; if
+ the check is passed and the host supports USB3 hardware LPM,
+ USB3 hardware LPM will be enabled for the device and the USB
+ device directory will contain two files named
+ power/usb3_hardware_lpm_u1 and power/usb3_hardware_lpm_u2. These
+ files hold a string value (enable or disable) indicating whether
+ or not USB3 hardware LPM U1 or U2 is enabled for the device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../ltm_capable
+Date: July 2012
+Contact: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ USB 3.0 devices may optionally support Latency Tolerance
+ Messaging (LTM). They indicate their support by setting a bit
+ in the bmAttributes field of their SuperSpeed BOS descriptors.
+ If that bit is set for the device, ltm_capable will read "yes".
+ If the device doesn't support LTM, the file will read "no".
+ The file will be present for all speeds of USB devices, and will
+ always read "no" for USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<INTERFACE>/wireless_status
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: Bastien Nocera <hadess@hadess.net>
+Description:
+ Some USB devices use a USB receiver dongle to communicate
+ wirelessly with their device using proprietary protocols. This
+ attribute allows user-space to know whether the device is
+ connected to its receiver dongle, and, for example, consider
+ the device to be absent when choosing whether to show the
+ device's battery, show a headset in a list of outputs, or show
+ an on-screen keyboard if the only wireless keyboard is
+ turned off.
+ This attribute is not to be used to replace protocol specific
+ statuses available in WWAN, WLAN/Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.
+ If the device does not use a receiver dongle with a wireless
+ device, then this attribute will not exist.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>
+Date: August 2012
+Contact: Lan Tianyu <tianyu.lan@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>
+ is usb port device's sysfs directory.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>/connect_type
+Date: January 2013
+Contact: Lan Tianyu <tianyu.lan@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Some platforms provide usb port connect types through ACPI.
+ This attribute is to expose these information to user space.
+ The file will read "hotplug", "hardwired" and "not used" if the
+ information is available, and "unknown" otherwise.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>/location
+Date: October 2018
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ Some platforms provide usb port physical location through
+ firmware. This is used by the kernel to pair up logical ports
+ mapping to the same physical connector. The attribute exposes the
+ raw location value as a hex integer.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>/quirks
+Date: May 2018
+Contact: Nicolas Boichat <drinkcat@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ In some cases, we care about time-to-active for devices
+ connected on a specific port (e.g. non-standard USB port like
+ pogo pins), where the device to be connected is known in
+ advance, and behaves well according to the specification.
+ This attribute is a bit-field that controls the behavior of
+ a specific port:
+
+ - Bit 0 of this field selects the "old" enumeration scheme,
+ as it is considerably faster (it only causes one USB reset
+ instead of 2).
+
+ The old enumeration scheme can also be selected globally
+ using /sys/module/usbcore/parameters/old_scheme_first, but
+ it is often not desirable as the new scheme was introduced to
+ increase compatibility with more devices.
+ - Bit 1 reduces TRSTRCY to the 10 ms that are required by the
+ USB 2.0 specification, instead of the 50 ms that are normally
+ used to help make enumeration work better on some high speed
+ devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>/over_current_count
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Richard Leitner <richard.leitner@skidata.com>
+Description:
+ Most hubs are able to detect over-current situations on their
+ ports and report them to the kernel. This attribute is to expose
+ the number of over-current situation occurred on a specific port
+ to user space. This file will contain an unsigned 32 bit value
+ which wraps to 0 after its maximum is reached. This file supports
+ poll() for monitoring changes to this value in user space.
+
+ Any time this value changes the corresponding hub device will send a
+ udev event with the following attributes::
+
+ OVER_CURRENT_PORT=/sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>
+ OVER_CURRENT_COUNT=[current value of this sysfs attribute]
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>/usb3_lpm_permit
+Date: November 2015
+Contact: Lu Baolu <baolu.lu@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Some USB3.0 devices are not friendly to USB3 LPM. usb3_lpm_permit
+ attribute allows enabling/disabling usb3 lpm of a port. It takes
+ effect both before and after a usb device is enumerated. Supported
+ values are "0" if both u1 and u2 are NOT permitted, "u1" if only u1
+ is permitted, "u2" if only u2 is permitted, "u1_u2" if both u1 and
+ u2 are permitted.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>/connector
+Date: December 2021
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Link to the USB Type-C connector when available. This link is
+ only created when USB Type-C Connector Class is enabled, and
+ only if the system firmware is capable of describing the
+ connection between a port and its connector.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>/disable
+Date: June 2022
+Contact: Michael Grzeschik <m.grzeschik@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ This file controls the state of a USB port, including
+ Vbus power output (but only on hubs that support
+ power switching -- most hubs don't support it). If
+ a port is disabled, the port is unusable: Devices
+ attached to the port will not be detected, initialized,
+ or enumerated.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>/early_stop
+Date: Sep 2022
+Contact: Ray Chi <raychi@google.com>
+Description:
+ Some USB hosts have some watchdog mechanisms so that the device
+ may enter ramdump if it takes a long time during port initialization.
+ This attribute allows each port just has two attempts so that the
+ port initialization will be failed quickly. In addition, if a port
+ which is marked with early_stop has failed to initialize, it will ignore
+ all future connections until this attribute is clear.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../<hub_interface>/port<X>/state
+Date: June 2023
+Contact: Roy Luo <royluo@google.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates current state of the USB device attached to the port.
+ Valid states are: 'not-attached', 'attached', 'powered',
+ 'reconnecting', 'unauthenticated', 'default', 'addressed',
+ 'configured', and 'suspended'. This file supports poll() to
+ monitor the state change from user space.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/usb2_lpm_l1_timeout
+Date: May 2013
+Contact: Mathias Nyman <mathias.nyman@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ USB 2.0 devices may support hardware link power management (LPM)
+ L1 sleep state. The usb2_lpm_l1_timeout attribute allows
+ tuning the timeout for L1 inactivity timer (LPM timer), e.g.
+ needed inactivity time before host requests the device to go to L1 sleep.
+ Useful for power management tuning.
+ Supported values are 0 - 65535 microseconds.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/usb2_lpm_besl
+Date: May 2013
+Contact: Mathias Nyman <mathias.nyman@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ USB 2.0 devices that support hardware link power management (LPM)
+ L1 sleep state now use a best effort service latency value (BESL) to
+ indicate the best effort to resumption of service to the device after the
+ initiation of the resume event.
+ If the device does not have a preferred besl value then the host can select
+ one instead. This usb2_lpm_besl attribute allows to tune the host selected besl
+ value in order to tune power saving and service latency.
+
+ Supported values are 0 - 15.
+ More information on how besl values map to microseconds can be found in
+ USB 2.0 ECN Errata for Link Power Management, section 4.10)
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../rx_lanes
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: Mathias Nyman <mathias.nyman@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Number of rx lanes the device is using.
+ USB 3.2 adds Dual-lane support, 2 rx and 2 tx lanes over Type-C.
+ Inter-Chip SSIC devices support asymmetric lanes up to 4 lanes per
+ direction. Devices before USB 3.2 are single lane (rx_lanes = 1)
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../tx_lanes
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: Mathias Nyman <mathias.nyman@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Number of tx lanes the device is using.
+ USB 3.2 adds Dual-lane support, 2 rx and 2 tx -lanes over Type-C.
+ Inter-Chip SSIC devices support asymmetric lanes up to 4 lanes per
+ direction. Devices before USB 3.2 are single lane (tx_lanes = 1)
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../typec
+Date: November 2023
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Symlink to the USB Type-C partner device. USB Type-C partner
+ represents the component that communicates over the
+ Configuration Channel (CC signal on USB Type-C connectors and
+ cables) with the local port.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bAlternateSetting
+Description:
+ The current interface alternate setting number, in decimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bcdDevice
+Description:
+ The device's release number, in hexadecimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bConfigurationValue
+Description:
+ While a USB device typically have just one configuration
+ setting, some devices support multiple configurations.
+
+ This value shows the current configuration, in decimal.
+
+ Changing its value will change the device's configuration
+ to another setting.
+
+ The number of configurations supported by a device is at:
+
+ /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bNumConfigurations
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bDeviceClass
+Description:
+ Class code of the device, in hexadecimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bDeviceProtocol
+Description:
+ Protocol code of the device, in hexadecimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bDeviceSubClass
+Description:
+ Subclass code of the device, in hexadecimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bInterfaceClass
+Description:
+ Class code of the interface, in hexadecimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bInterfaceNumber
+Description:
+ Interface number, in hexadecimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bInterfaceProtocol
+Description:
+ Protocol code of the interface, in hexadecimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bInterfaceSubClass
+Description:
+ Subclass code of the interface, in hexadecimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bmAttributes
+Description:
+ Attributes of the current configuration, in hexadecimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bMaxPacketSize0
+Description:
+ Maximum endpoint 0 packet size, in decimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bMaxPower
+Description:
+ Maximum power consumption of the active configuration of
+ the device, in miliamperes.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bNumConfigurations
+Description:
+ Number of the possible configurations of the device, in
+ decimal. The current configuration is controlled via:
+
+ /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bConfigurationValue
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bNumEndpoints
+Description:
+ Number of endpoints used on this interface, in hexadecimal.
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bNumInterfaces
+Description:
+ Number of interfaces on this device, in decimal.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/busnum
+Description:
+ Number of the bus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/configuration
+Description:
+ Contents of the string descriptor associated with the
+ current configuration. It may include the firmware version
+ of a device and/or its serial number.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/descriptors
+Description:
+ Contains the interface descriptors, in binary.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/bos_descriptors
+Date: March 2024
+Contact: Elbert Mai <code@elbertmai.com>
+Description:
+ Binary file containing the cached binary device object store (BOS)
+ of the device. This consists of the BOS descriptor followed by the
+ set of device capability descriptors. All descriptors read from
+ this file are in bus-endian format. Note that the kernel will not
+ request the BOS from a device if its bcdUSB is less than 0x0201.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/idProduct
+Description:
+ Product ID, in hexadecimal.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/idVendor
+Description:
+ Vendor ID, in hexadecimal.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/devspec
+Description:
+ Displays the Device Tree Open Firmware node of the interface.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/avoid_reset_quirk
+Description:
+ Most devices have this set to zero.
+
+ If the value is 1, enable a USB quirk that prevents this
+ device to use reset.
+
+ (read/write)
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/devnum
+Description:
+ USB interface device number, in decimal.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/devpath
+Description:
+ String containing the USB interface device path.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/manufacturer
+Description:
+ Vendor specific string containing the name of the
+ manufacturer of the device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/maxchild
+Description:
+ Number of ports of an USB hub
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/persist
+Description:
+ Keeps the device even if it gets disconnected.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/product
+Description:
+ Vendor specific string containing the name of the
+ device's product.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/speed
+Description:
+ Shows the device's max speed, according to the USB version,
+ in Mbps.
+ Can be:
+
+ ======= ====================
+ Unknown speed unknown
+ 1.5 Low speed
+ 15 Full speed
+ 480 High Speed
+ 5000 Super Speed
+ 10000 Super Speed+
+ 20000 Super Speed+ Gen 2x2
+ ======= ====================
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/supports_autosuspend
+Description:
+ Returns 1 if the device doesn't support autosuspend.
+ Otherwise, returns 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/urbnum
+Description:
+ Number of URBs submitted for the whole device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/version
+Description:
+ String containing the USB device version, as encoded
+ at the BCD descriptor.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/power/autosuspend
+Description:
+ Time in milliseconds for the device to autosuspend. If the
+ value is negative, then autosuspend is prevented.
+
+ (read/write)
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/power/active_duration
+Description:
+ The total time the device has not been suspended.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/power/connected_duration
+Description:
+ The total time (in msec) that the device has been connected.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/power/level
+Description:
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/bEndpointAddress
+Description:
+ The address of the endpoint described by this descriptor,
+ in hexadecimal. The endpoint direction on this bitmapped field
+ is also shown at:
+
+ /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/direction
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/bInterval
+Description:
+ The interval of the endpoint as described on its descriptor,
+ in hexadecimal. The actual interval depends on the version
+ of the USB. Also shown in time units at
+ /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/interval.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/bLength
+Description:
+ Number of bytes of the endpoint descriptor, in hexadecimal.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/bmAttributes
+Description:
+ Attributes which apply to the endpoint as described on its
+ descriptor, in hexadecimal. The endpoint type on this
+ bitmapped field is also shown at:
+
+ /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/type
+
+ See USB specs for its meaning.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/direction
+Description:
+ Direction of the endpoint. Can be:
+
+ - both (on control endpoints)
+ - in
+ - out
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/interval
+Description:
+ Interval for polling endpoint for data transfers, in
+ milisseconds or microseconds.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/type
+Description:
+ Descriptor type. Can be:
+
+ - Control
+ - Isoc
+ - Bulk
+ - Interrupt
+ - unknown
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/ep_<N>/wMaxPacketSize
+Description:
+ Maximum packet size this endpoint is capable of
+ sending or receiving, in hexadecimal.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb-devices-usbsevseg b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb-devices-usbsevseg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2f86e4223bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb-devices-usbsevseg
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/.../powered
+Date: August 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Harrison Metzger <harrisonmetz@gmail.com>
+Description: Controls whether the device's display will powered.
+ A value of 0 is off and a non-zero value is on.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/.../mode_msb
+What: /sys/bus/usb/.../mode_lsb
+Date: August 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Harrison Metzger <harrisonmetz@gmail.com>
+Description: Controls the devices display mode.
+ For a 6 character display the values are
+
+ MSB 0x06; LSB 0x3F, and
+
+ for an 8 character display the values are
+
+ MSB 0x08; LSB 0xFF.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/.../textmode
+Date: August 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Harrison Metzger <harrisonmetz@gmail.com>
+Description: Controls the way the device interprets its text buffer.
+ raw: each character controls its segment manually
+ hex: each character is between 0-15
+ ascii: each character is between '0'-'9' and 'A'-'F'.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/.../text
+Date: August 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Harrison Metzger <harrisonmetz@gmail.com>
+Description: The text (or data) for the device to display
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/.../decimals
+Date: August 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Harrison Metzger <harrisonmetz@gmail.com>
+Description: Controls the decimal places on the device.
+ To set the nth decimal place, give this field
+ the value of ``10 ** n``. Assume this field has
+ the value k and has 1 or more decimal places set,
+ to set the mth place (where m is not already set),
+ change this fields value to ``k + 10 ** m``.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb-lvstest b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb-lvstest
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ee0046dc4192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb-lvstest
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+Link Layer Validation Device is a standard device for testing of Super
+Speed Link Layer tests. These nodes are available in sysfs only when lvs
+driver is bound with root hub device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../get_dev_desc
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: Pratyush Anand <pratyush.anand@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Write to this node to issue "Get Device Descriptor"
+ for Link Layer Validation device. It is needed for TD.7.06.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../u1_timeout
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: Pratyush Anand <pratyush.anand@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set "U1 timeout" for the downstream port where Link Layer
+ Validation device is connected. Timeout value must be between 0
+ and 127. It is needed for TD.7.18, TD.7.19, TD.7.20 and TD.7.21.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../u2_timeout
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: Pratyush Anand <pratyush.anand@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set "U2 timeout" for the downstream port where Link Layer
+ Validation device is connected. Timeout value must be between 0
+ and 127. It is needed for TD.7.18, TD.7.19, TD.7.20 and TD.7.21.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../hot_reset
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: Pratyush Anand <pratyush.anand@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Write to this node to issue "Reset" for Link Layer Validation
+ device. It is needed for TD.7.29, TD.7.31, TD.7.34 and TD.7.35.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../u3_entry
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: Pratyush Anand <pratyush.anand@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Write to this node to issue "U3 entry" for Link Layer
+ Validation device. It is needed for TD.7.35 and TD.7.36.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../u3_exit
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: Pratyush Anand <pratyush.anand@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Write to this node to issue "U3 exit" for Link Layer
+ Validation device. It is needed for TD.7.36.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../enable_compliance
+Date: July 2017
+Description:
+ Write to this node to set the port to compliance mode to test
+ with Link Layer Validation device. It is needed for TD.7.34.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../warm_reset
+Date: July 2017
+Description:
+ Write to this node to issue "Warm Reset" for Link Layer Validation
+ device. It may be needed to properly reset an xHCI 1.1 host port if
+ compliance mode needed to be explicitly enabled.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-vdpa b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-vdpa
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2c833b5163f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-vdpa
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+What: /sys/bus/vdpa/drivers_autoprobe
+Date: March 2020
+Contact: virtualization@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ This file determines whether new devices are immediately bound
+ to a driver after the creation. It initially contains 1, which
+ means the kernel automatically binds devices to a compatible
+ driver immediately after they are created.
+
+ Writing "0" to this file disable this feature, any other string
+ enable it.
+
+What: /sys/bus/vdpa/driver_probe
+Date: March 2020
+Contact: virtualization@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ Writing a device name to this file will cause the kernel binds
+ devices to a compatible driver.
+
+ This can be useful when /sys/bus/vdpa/drivers_autoprobe is
+ disabled.
+
+What: /sys/bus/vdpa/drivers/.../bind
+Date: March 2020
+Contact: virtualization@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ Writing a device name to this file will cause the driver to
+ attempt to bind to the device. This is useful for overriding
+ default bindings.
+
+What: /sys/bus/vdpa/drivers/.../unbind
+Date: March 2020
+Contact: virtualization@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ Writing a device name to this file will cause the driver to
+ attempt to unbind from the device. This may be useful when
+ overriding default bindings.
+
+What: /sys/bus/vdpa/devices/.../driver_override
+Date: November 2021
+Contact: virtualization@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ This file allows the driver for a device to be specified.
+ When specified, only a driver with a name matching the value
+ written to driver_override will have an opportunity to bind to
+ the device. The override is specified by writing a string to the
+ driver_override file (echo vhost-vdpa > driver_override) and may
+ be cleared with an empty string (echo > driver_override).
+ This returns the device to standard matching rules binding.
+ Writing to driver_override does not automatically unbind the
+ device from its current driver or make any attempt to
+ automatically load the specified driver. If no driver with a
+ matching name is currently loaded in the kernel, the device will
+ not bind to any driver. This also allows devices to opt-out of
+ driver binding using a driver_override name such as "none".
+ Only a single driver may be specified in the override, there is
+ no support for parsing delimiters.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-vfio-mdev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-vfio-mdev
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..59fc804265db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-vfio-mdev
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+What: /sys/.../<device>/mdev_supported_types/
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ This directory contains list of directories of currently
+ supported mediated device types and their details for
+ <device>. Supported type attributes are defined by the
+ vendor driver who registers with Mediated device framework.
+ Each supported type is a directory whose name is created
+ by adding the device driver string as a prefix to the
+ string provided by the vendor driver.
+
+What: /sys/.../<device>/mdev_supported_types/<type-id>/
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ This directory gives details of supported type, like name,
+ description, available_instances, device_api etc.
+ 'device_api' and 'available_instances' are mandatory
+ attributes to be provided by vendor driver. 'name',
+ 'description' and other vendor driver specific attributes
+ are optional.
+
+What: /sys/.../mdev_supported_types/<type-id>/create
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ Writing UUID to this file will create mediated device of
+ type <type-id> for parent device <device>. This is a
+ write-only file.
+ For example::
+
+ # echo "83b8f4f2-509f-382f-3c1e-e6bfe0fa1001" > \
+ /sys/devices/foo/mdev_supported_types/foo-1/create
+
+What: /sys/.../mdev_supported_types/<type-id>/devices/
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ This directory contains symbolic links pointing to mdev
+ devices sysfs entries which are created of this <type-id>.
+
+What: /sys/.../mdev_supported_types/<type-id>/available_instances
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ Reading this attribute will show the number of mediated
+ devices of type <type-id> that can be created. This is a
+ readonly file.
+Users:
+ Userspace applications interested in creating mediated
+ device of that type. Userspace application should check
+ the number of available instances could be created before
+ creating mediated device of this type.
+
+What: /sys/.../mdev_supported_types/<type-id>/device_api
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ Reading this attribute will show VFIO device API supported
+ by this type. For example, "vfio-pci" for a PCI device,
+ "vfio-platform" for platform device.
+
+What: /sys/.../mdev_supported_types/<type-id>/name
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ Reading this attribute will show human readable name of the
+ mediated device that will get created of type <type-id>.
+ This is optional attribute. For example: "Grid M60-0Q"
+Users:
+ Userspace applications interested in knowing the name of
+ a particular <type-id> that can help in understanding the
+ type of mediated device.
+
+What: /sys/.../mdev_supported_types/<type-id>/description
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ Reading this attribute will show description of the type of
+ mediated device that will get created of type <type-id>.
+ This is optional attribute. For example:
+ "2 heads, 512M FB, 2560x1600 maximum resolution"
+Users:
+ Userspace applications interested in knowing the details of
+ a particular <type-id> that can help in understanding the
+ features provided by that type of mediated device.
+
+What: /sys/.../<device>/<UUID>/
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ This directory represents device directory of mediated
+ device. It contains all the attributes related to mediated
+ device.
+
+What: /sys/.../<device>/<UUID>/mdev_type
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ This is symbolic link pointing to supported type, <type-id>
+ directory of which this mediated device is created.
+
+What: /sys/.../<device>/<UUID>/remove
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ Writing '1' to this file destroys the mediated device. The
+ vendor driver can fail the remove() callback if that device
+ is active and the vendor driver doesn't support hot unplug.
+ Example::
+
+ # echo 1 > /sys/bus/mdev/devices/<UUID>/remove
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-vmbus b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-vmbus
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..91e6c065973c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-vmbus
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/.../driver_override
+Date: August 2019
+Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
+Description:
+ This file allows the driver for a device to be specified which
+ will override standard static and dynamic ID matching. When
+ specified, only a driver with a name matching the value written
+ to driver_override will have an opportunity to bind to the
+ device. The override is specified by writing a string to the
+ driver_override file (echo uio_hv_generic > driver_override) and
+ may be cleared with an empty string (echo > driver_override).
+ This returns the device to standard matching rules binding.
+ Writing to driver_override does not automatically unbind the
+ device from its current driver or make any attempt to
+ automatically load the specified driver. If no driver with a
+ matching name is currently loaded in the kernel, the device
+ will not bind to any driver. This also allows devices to
+ opt-out of driver binding using a driver_override name such as
+ "none". Only a single driver may be specified in the override,
+ there is no support for parsing delimiters.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-wmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-wmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d71a219c610e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-wmi
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/.../driver_override
+Date: February 2024
+Contact: Armin Wolf <W_Armin@gmx.de>
+Description:
+ This file allows the driver for a device to be specified which
+ will override standard ID table matching.
+ When specified, only a driver with a name matching the value
+ written to driver_override will have an opportunity to bind
+ to the device.
+ The override is specified by writing a string to the
+ driver_override file (echo wmi-event-dummy > driver_override).
+ The override may be cleared with an empty string (echo > \
+ driver_override) which returns the device to standard matching
+ rules binding.
+ Writing to driver_override does not automatically unbind the
+ device from its current driver or make any attempt to automatically
+ load the specified driver. If no driver with a matching name is
+ currently loaded in the kernel, the device will not bind to any
+ driver.
+ This also allows devices to opt-out of driver binding using a
+ driver_override name such as "none". Only a single driver may be
+ specified in the override, there is no support for parsing delimiters.
+
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/.../modalias
+Date: November 20:15
+Contact: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file contains the MODALIAS value emitted by uevent for a
+ given WMI device.
+
+ Format: wmi:XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX.
+
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/.../guid
+Date: November 2015
+Contact: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file contains the GUID used to match WMI devices to
+ compatible WMI drivers. This GUID is not necessarily unique
+ inside a given machine, it is solely used to identify the
+ interface exposed by a given WMI device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/.../object_id
+Date: November 2015
+Contact: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file contains the WMI object ID used internally to construct
+ the ACPI method names used by non-event WMI devices. It contains
+ two ASCII letters.
+
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/.../notify_id
+Date: November 2015
+Contact: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file contains the WMI notify ID used internally to map ACPI
+ events to WMI event devices. It contains two ASCII letters.
+
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/.../instance_count
+Date: November 2015
+Contact: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file contains the number of WMI object instances being
+ present on a given WMI device. It contains a non-negative
+ number.
+
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/.../expensive
+Date: November 2015
+Contact: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file contains a boolean flag signaling if interacting with
+ the given WMI device will consume significant CPU resources.
+ The WMI driver core will take care of enabling/disabling such
+ WMI devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/.../setable
+Date: May 2017
+Contact: Darren Hart (VMware) <dvhart@infradead.org>
+Description:
+ This file contains a boolean flags signaling the data block
+ associated with the given WMI device is writable. If the
+ given WMI device is not associated with a data block, then
+ this file will not exist.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-c2port b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-c2port
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f7b8cf6e4398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-c2port
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+What: /sys/class/c2port/
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/ directory will contain files and
+ directories that will provide a unified interface to
+ the C2 port interface.
+
+What: /sys/class/c2port/c2portX
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/ directory is related to X-th
+ C2 port into the system. Each directory will contain files to
+ manage and control its C2 port.
+
+What: /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/access
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/access file enable the access
+ to the C2 port from the system. No commands can be sent
+ till this entry is set to 0.
+
+What: /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/dev_id
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/dev_id file show the device ID
+ of the connected micro.
+
+What: /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/flash_access
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/flash_access file enable the
+ access to the on-board flash of the connected micro.
+ No commands can be sent till this entry is set to 0.
+
+What: /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/flash_block_size
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/flash_block_size file show
+ the on-board flash block size of the connected micro.
+
+What: /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/flash_blocks_num
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/flash_blocks_num file show
+ the on-board flash blocks number of the connected micro.
+
+What: /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/flash_data
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/flash_data file export
+ the content of the on-board flash of the connected micro.
+
+What: /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/flash_erase
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/flash_erase file execute
+ the "erase" command on the on-board flash of the connected
+ micro.
+
+What: /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/reset
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/reset file execute a "reset"
+ command on the connected micro.
+
+What: /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/rev_id
+Date: October 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/c2port/c2portX/rev_id file show the revision ID
+ of the connected micro.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-cfq-target-latency b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-cfq-target-latency
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..df0f7828c5e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-cfq-target-latency
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/block/<device>/iosched/target_latency
+Date: March 2012
+contact: Tao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/block/<device>/iosched/target_latency only exists
+ when the user sets cfq to /sys/block/<device>/scheduler.
+ It contains an estimated latency time for the cfq. cfq will
+ use it to calculate the time slice used for every task.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class
index 4b0cb891e46e..906735faa1b8 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
What: /sys/class/
-Date: Febuary 2006
-Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
+Date: February 2006
+Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Description:
The /sys/class directory will consist of a group of
subdirectories describing individual classes of devices
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-backlight b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-backlight
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c453646b06e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-backlight
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/scale
+Date: July 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ Description of the scale of the brightness curve.
+
+ The human eye senses brightness approximately logarithmically,
+ hence linear changes in brightness are perceived as being
+ non-linear. To achieve a linear perception of brightness changes
+ controls like sliders need to apply a logarithmic mapping for
+ backlights with a linear brightness curve.
+
+ Possible values of the attribute are:
+
+ unknown
+ The scale of the brightness curve is unknown.
+
+ linear
+ The brightness changes linearly with each step. Brightness
+ controls should apply a logarithmic mapping for a linear
+ perception.
+
+ non-linear
+ The brightness changes non-linearly with each step. Brightness
+ controls should use a linear mapping for a linear perception.
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/ambient_light_level
+Date: Apr, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: Michael Hennerich <michael.hennerich@analog.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Get conversion value of the light sensor.
+
+ The value is automatically updated every 80 ms when the
+ light sensor is enabled.
+
+ The value range is device-driver specific:
+
+ For ADP8870:
+
+ It returns integer between 0 (dark) and 8000 (max ambient
+ brightness).
+
+ For ADP8860:
+
+ It returns a 13-bits integer.
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/ambient_light_zone
+Date: Apr, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: Michael Hennerich <michael.hennerich@analog.com>,
+ device-drivers-devel@blackfin.uclinux.org
+
+Description:
+ (RW) Read or write the specific brightness level at which the
+ backlight operates.
+
+ The value meaning is device-driver specific:
+
+ For ADP8860:
+
+ == ==========================
+ 0 Off: Backlight set to 0 mA
+ 1 Level 1: daylight
+ 2 Level 2: bright
+ 3 Level 3: dark
+ == ==========================
+
+ For ADP8870:
+
+ == ==========================
+ 0 Off: Backlight set to 0 mA
+ 1 Level 1: daylight
+ 2 Level 2: bright
+ 3 Level 3: office
+ 4 Level 4: indoor
+ 5 Level 5: dark
+ == ==========================
+
+ Writing 0 returns to normal/automatic ambient light level
+ operation.
+
+ It can be enabled by writing the value stored in
+ /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/max_brightness to
+ /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/brightness.
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/<ambient light zone>_max
+Date: Sep, 2009
+KernelVersion: v2.6.32
+Contact: device-drivers-devel@blackfin.uclinux.org
+Description:
+ Control the maximum brightness for <ambient light zone>
+ on this <backlight>. Values are between 0 and 127. This file
+ will also show the brightness level stored for this
+ <ambient light zone>.
+
+ The <ambient light zone> is device-driver specific:
+
+ For ADP5520 and ADP5501, <ambient light zone> can be:
+
+ =========== ================================================
+ Ambient sysfs entry
+ light zone
+ =========== ================================================
+ daylight /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/daylight_max
+ office /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/office_max
+ dark /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/dark_max
+ =========== ================================================
+
+ For ADP8860, <ambient light zone> can be:
+
+ =========== ================================================
+ Ambient sysfs entry
+ light zone
+ =========== ================================================
+ l1_daylight /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l1_daylight_max
+ l2_office /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l2_office_max
+ l3_dark /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l3_dark_max
+ =========== ================================================
+
+ For ADP8870, <ambient light zone> can be:
+
+ =========== ================================================
+ Ambient sysfs entry
+ light zone
+ =========== ================================================
+ l1_daylight /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l1_daylight_max
+ l2_bright /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l2_bright_max
+ l3_office /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l3_office_max
+ l4_indoor /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l4_indoor_max
+ l5_dark /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l5_dark_max
+ =========== ================================================
+
+ See also: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/ambient_light_zone.
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/<ambient light zone>_dim
+Date: Sep, 2009
+KernelVersion: v2.6.32
+Contact: device-drivers-devel@blackfin.uclinux.org
+Description:
+ Control the dim brightness for <ambient light zone>
+ on this <backlight>. Values are between 0 and 127, typically
+ set to 0. Full off when the backlight is disabled.
+ This file will also show the dim brightness level stored for
+ this <ambient light zone>.
+
+ The <ambient light zone> is device-driver specific:
+
+ For ADP5520 and ADP5501, <ambient light zone> can be:
+
+ =========== ================================================
+ Ambient sysfs entry
+ light zone
+ =========== ================================================
+ daylight /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/daylight_dim
+ office /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/office_dim
+ dark /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/dark_dim
+ =========== ================================================
+
+ For ADP8860, <ambient light zone> can be:
+
+ =========== ================================================
+ Ambient sysfs entry
+ light zone
+ =========== ================================================
+ l1_daylight /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l1_daylight_dim
+ l2_office /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l2_office_dim
+ l3_dark /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l3_dark_dim
+ =========== ================================================
+
+ For ADP8870, <ambient light zone> can be:
+
+ =========== ================================================
+ Ambient sysfs entry
+ light zone
+ =========== ================================================
+ l1_daylight /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l1_daylight_dim
+ l2_bright /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l2_bright_dim
+ l3_office /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l3_office_dim
+ l4_indoor /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l4_indoor_dim
+ l5_dark /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/l5_dark_dim
+ =========== ================================================
+
+ See also: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/ambient_light_zone.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-backlight-driver-lm3533 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-backlight-driver-lm3533
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8251e78abc49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-backlight-driver-lm3533
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/als_channel
+Date: May 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Get the ALS output channel used as input in
+ ALS-current-control mode (0, 1), where:
+
+ == ==========================
+ 0 out_current0 (backlight 0)
+ 1 out_current1 (backlight 1)
+ == ==========================
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/als_en
+Date: May 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Enable ALS-current-control mode (0, 1).
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/id
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Get the id of this backlight (0, 1).
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/linear
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set the brightness-mapping mode (0, 1), where:
+
+ == ================
+ 0 exponential mode
+ 1 linear mode
+ == ================
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/pwm
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set the PWM-input control mask (5 bits), where:
+
+ ===== ===========================
+ bit 5 PWM-input enabled in Zone 4
+ bit 4 PWM-input enabled in Zone 3
+ bit 3 PWM-input enabled in Zone 2
+ bit 2 PWM-input enabled in Zone 1
+ bit 1 PWM-input enabled in Zone 0
+ bit 0 PWM-input enabled
+ ===== ===========================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-backlight-lm3639 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-backlight-lm3639
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f7e92a82ea25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-backlight-lm3639
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+sysfs interface for Texas Instruments lm3639 backlight + flash led driver chip
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/bled_mode
+Date: Oct, 2012
+KernelVersion: v3.10
+Contact: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description:
+ (WO) Write to the backlight mapping mode. The backlight current
+ can be mapped for either exponential (value "0") or linear
+ mapping modes (default).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-bdi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-bdi
index 5f500977b42f..0d2abd88a18c 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-bdi
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-bdi
@@ -23,15 +23,17 @@ default
The default backing dev, used for non-block device backed
filesystems which do not provide their own BDI.
-Files under /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/
----------------------------------
-
-read_ahead_kb (read-write)
-
+What: /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/read_ahead_kb
+Date: January 2008
+Contact: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
+Description:
Size of the read-ahead window in kilobytes
-min_ratio (read-write)
-
+ (read-write)
+What: /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/min_ratio
+Date: January 2008
+Contact: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
+Description:
Under normal circumstances each device is given a part of the
total write-back cache that relates to its current average
writeout speed in relation to the other devices.
@@ -40,11 +42,93 @@ min_ratio (read-write)
percentage of the write-back cache to a particular device.
For example, this is useful for providing a minimum QoS.
-max_ratio (read-write)
+ (read-write)
+
+What: /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/min_ratio_fine
+Date: November 2022
+Contact: Stefan Roesch <shr@devkernel.io>
+Description:
+ Under normal circumstances each device is given a part of the
+ total write-back cache that relates to its current average
+ writeout speed in relation to the other devices.
+
+ The 'min_ratio_fine' parameter allows assigning a minimum reserve
+ of the write-back cache to a particular device. The value is
+ expressed as part of 1 million. For example, this is useful for
+ providing a minimum QoS.
+
+ (read-write)
+What: /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/max_ratio
+Date: January 2008
+Contact: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
+Description:
Allows limiting a particular device to use not more than the
given percentage of the write-back cache. This is useful in
situations where we want to avoid one device taking all or
most of the write-back cache. For example in case of an NFS
mount that is prone to get stuck, or a FUSE mount which cannot
be trusted to play fair.
+
+ (read-write)
+
+What: /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/max_ratio_fine
+Date: November 2022
+Contact: Stefan Roesch <shr@devkernel.io>
+Description:
+ Allows limiting a particular device to use not more than the
+ given value of the write-back cache. The value is given as part
+ of 1 million. This is useful in situations where we want to avoid
+ one device taking all or most of the write-back cache. For example
+ in case of an NFS mount that is prone to get stuck, or a FUSE mount
+ which cannot be trusted to play fair.
+
+ (read-write)
+
+What: /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/min_bytes
+Date: October 2022
+Contact: Stefan Roesch <shr@devkernel.io>
+Description:
+ Under normal circumstances each device is given a part of the
+ total write-back cache that relates to its current average
+ writeout speed in relation to the other devices.
+
+ The 'min_bytes' parameter allows assigning a minimum
+ percentage of the write-back cache to a particular device
+ expressed in bytes.
+ For example, this is useful for providing a minimum QoS.
+
+ (read-write)
+
+What: /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/max_bytes
+Date: October 2022
+Contact: Stefan Roesch <shr@devkernel.io>
+Description:
+ Allows limiting a particular device to use not more than the
+ given 'max_bytes' of the write-back cache. This is useful in
+ situations where we want to avoid one device taking all or
+ most of the write-back cache. For example in case of an NFS
+ mount that is prone to get stuck, a FUSE mount which cannot be
+ trusted to play fair, or a nbd device.
+
+ (read-write)
+
+What: /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/strict_limit
+Date: October 2022
+Contact: Stefan Roesch <shr@devkernel.io>
+Description:
+ Forces per-BDI checks for the share of given device in the write-back
+ cache even before the global background dirty limit is reached. This
+ is useful in situations where the global limit is much higher than
+ affordable for given relatively slow (or untrusted) device. Turning
+ strictlimit on has no visible effect if max_ratio is equal to 100%.
+
+ (read-write)
+What: /sys/class/bdi/<bdi>/stable_pages_required
+Date: January 2008
+Contact: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
+Description:
+ If set, the backing device requires that all pages comprising a write
+ request must not be changed until writeout is complete.
+
+ (read-only)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-bsr b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-bsr
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7bf145d32cbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-bsr
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/class/bsr/bsr*/bsr_size
+Date: Jul, 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.27
+Contact: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>,
+ Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) Size of the barrier-synchronization register (BSR)
+ register in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/class/bsr/bsr*/bsr_length
+Date: Jul, 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.27
+Contact: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>,
+ Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) The length of memory region that can be mapped in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/class/bsr/bsr*/bsr_stride
+Date: Jul, 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.27
+Contact: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>,
+ Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) The stride or the interval at which the allocated BSR bytes
+ repeat within the mapping.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-chromeos b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-chromeos
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7fa5be6cc774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-chromeos
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/flashinfo
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Description:
+ Show the EC flash information.
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/kb_wake_angle
+Date: March 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.17
+Description:
+ Control the keyboard wake lid angle. Values are between
+ 0 and 360. This file will also show the keyboard wake lid
+ angle by querying the hardware.
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/reboot
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Description:
+ Tell the EC to reboot in various ways. Options are:
+
+ - "cancel": Cancel a pending reboot.
+ - "ro": Jump to RO without rebooting.
+ - "rw": Jump to RW without rebooting.
+ - "cold": Cold reboot.
+ - "disable-jump": Disable jump until next reboot.
+ - "hibernate": Hibernate the EC.
+ - "at-shutdown": Reboot after an AP shutdown.
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/version
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Description:
+ Show the information about the EC software and hardware.
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/cros_ec/usbpdmuxinfo
+Date: February 2025
+Description:
+ Show PD mux status for each typec port with following flags:
+ - "USB": USB connected
+ - "DP": DP connected
+ - "POLARITY": CC line Polarity inverted
+ - "HPD_IRQ": Hot Plug Detect interrupt is asserted
+ - "HPD_LVL": Hot Plug Detect level is asserted
+ - "SAFE": DP is in safe mode
+ - "TBT": TBT enabled
+ - "USB4": USB4 enabled
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/cros_ec/ap_mode_entry
+Date: February 2025
+Description:
+ Show if the AP mode entry EC feature is supported.
+ It indicates whether the EC waits for direction from the AP
+ to enter Type-C altmodes or USB4 mode.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-chromeos-driver-cros-ec-lightbar b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-chromeos-driver-cros-ec-lightbar
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..57a037791403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-chromeos-driver-cros-ec-lightbar
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/lightbar/brightness
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Description:
+ Writing to this file adjusts the overall brightness of
+ the lightbar, separate from any color intensity. The
+ valid range is 0 (off) to 255 (maximum brightness).
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/lightbar/interval_msec
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Description:
+ The lightbar is controlled by an embedded controller (EC),
+ which also manages the keyboard, battery charging, fans,
+ and other system hardware. To prevent unprivileged users
+ from interfering with the other EC functions, the rate at
+ which the lightbar control files can be read or written is
+ limited.
+
+ Reading this file will return the number of milliseconds
+ that must elapse between accessing any of the lightbar
+ functions through this interface. Going faster will simply
+ block until the necessary interval has lapsed. The interval
+ applies uniformly to all accesses of any kind by any user.
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/lightbar/led_rgb
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Description:
+ This allows you to control each LED segment. If the
+ lightbar is already running one of the automatic
+ sequences, you probably won’t see anything change because
+ your color setting will be almost immediately replaced.
+ To get useful results, you should stop the lightbar
+ sequence first.
+
+ The values written to this file are sets of four integers,
+ indicating LED, RED, GREEN, BLUE. The LED number is 0 to 3
+ to select a single segment, or 4 to set all four segments
+ to the same value at once. The RED, GREEN, and BLUE
+ numbers should be in the range 0 (off) to 255 (maximum).
+ You can update more than one segment at a time by writing
+ more than one set of four integers.
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/lightbar/program
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Description:
+ This allows you to upload and run custom lightbar sequences.
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/lightbar/sequence
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Description:
+ The Pixel lightbar has a number of built-in sequences
+ that it displays under various conditions, such as at
+ power on, shut down, or while running. Reading from this
+ file displays the current sequence that the lightbar is
+ displaying. Writing to this file allows you to change the
+ sequence.
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/lightbar/userspace_control
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Description:
+ This allows you to take the control of the lightbar. This
+ prevents the kernel from going through its normal
+ sequences.
+
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/lightbar/version
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Description:
+ Show the information about the lightbar version.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-chromeos-driver-cros-ec-vbc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-chromeos-driver-cros-ec-vbc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..38c5aaaaa89a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-chromeos-driver-cros-ec-vbc
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+What: /sys/class/chromeos/<ec-device-name>/vbc/vboot_context
+Date: October 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Description:
+ Read/write the verified boot context data included on a
+ small nvram space on some EC implementations.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..df8ba88b9f6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../
+Date: September 2011
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ Provide a place in sysfs for the devfreq objects.
+ This allows accessing various devfreq specific variables.
+ The name of devfreq object denoted as ... is same as the
+ name of device using devfreq.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../name
+Date: November 2019
+Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq/.../name shows the name of device
+ of the corresponding devfreq object.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../governor
+Date: September 2011
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq/.../governor show or set the name of the
+ governor used by the corresponding devfreq object.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../cur_freq
+Date: September 2011
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq/.../cur_freq shows the current
+ frequency of the corresponding devfreq object. Same as
+ target_freq when get_cur_freq() is not implemented by
+ devfreq driver.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../target_freq
+Date: September 2012
+Contact: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq/.../target_freq shows the next governor
+ predicted target frequency of the corresponding devfreq object.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../trans_stat
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ This ABI shows or clears the statistics of devfreq behavior
+ on a specific device. It shows the time spent in each state
+ and the number of transitions between states.
+ In order to activate this ABI, the devfreq target device
+ driver should provide the list of available frequencies
+ with its profile. If need to reset the statistics of devfreq
+ behavior on a specific device, enter 0(zero) to 'trans_stat'
+ as following::
+
+ echo 0 > /sys/class/devfreq/.../trans_stat
+
+ If the transition table is bigger than PAGE_SIZE, reading
+ this will return an -EFBIG error.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../available_frequencies
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq/.../available_frequencies shows
+ the available frequencies of the corresponding devfreq object.
+ This is a snapshot of available frequencies and not limited
+ by the min/max frequency restrictions.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../available_governors
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq/.../available_governors shows
+ currently available governors in the system.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../min_freq
+Date: January 2013
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq/.../min_freq shows and stores
+ the minimum frequency requested by users. It is 0 if
+ the user does not care. min_freq overrides the
+ frequency requested by governors.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../max_freq
+Date: January 2013
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq/.../max_freq shows and stores
+ the maximum frequency requested by users. It is 0 if
+ the user does not care. max_freq overrides the
+ frequency requested by governors and min_freq.
+ The max_freq overrides min_freq because max_freq may be
+ used to throttle devices to avoid overheating.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../polling_interval
+Date: September 2011
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq/.../polling_interval shows and sets
+ the requested polling interval of the corresponding devfreq
+ object. The values are represented in ms. If the value is
+ less than 1 jiffy, it is considered to be 0, which means
+ no polling. This value is meaningless if the governor is
+ not polling.
+
+ A list of governors that support the node:
+ - simple_ondmenad
+ - tegra_actmon
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../userspace/set_freq
+Date: September 2011
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq/.../userspace/set_freq shows and
+ sets the requested frequency for the devfreq object if
+ userspace governor is in effect.
+
+ A list of governors that support the node:
+ - userspace
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../timer
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ This ABI shows and stores the kind of work timer by users.
+ This work timer is used by devfreq workqueue in order to
+ monitor the device status such as utilization. The user
+ can change the work timer on runtime according to their demand
+ as following::
+
+ echo deferrable > /sys/class/devfreq/.../timer
+ echo delayed > /sys/class/devfreq/.../timer
+
+ A list of governors that support the node:
+ - simple_ondemand
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq/.../related_cpus
+Date: June 2025
+Contact: Linux power management list <linux-pm@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: The list of CPUs whose performance is closely related to the
+ frequency of this devfreq domain.
+
+ This file is only present if a specific devfreq device is
+ closely associated with a subset of CPUs.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq-event b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq-event
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dbe48495e55a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq-event
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/class/devfreq-event/event<x>/
+Date: January 2017
+Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ Provide a place in sysfs for the devfreq-event objects.
+ This allows accessing various devfreq-event specific variables.
+ The name of devfreq-event object denoted as 'event<x>' which
+ includes the unique number of 'x' for each devfreq-event object.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq-event/event<x>/name
+Date: January 2017
+Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq-event/event<x>/name attribute contains
+ the name of the devfreq-event object. This attribute is
+ read-only.
+
+What: /sys/class/devfreq-event/event<x>/enable_count
+Date: January 2017
+Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/devfreq-event/event<x>/enable_count attribute
+ contains the reference count to enable the devfreq-event
+ object. If the device is enabled, the value of attribute is
+ greater than zero.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devlink b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devlink
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8a21ce515f61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devlink
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+What: /sys/class/devlink/.../
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ Provide a place in sysfs for the device link objects in the
+ kernel at any given time. The name of a device link directory,
+ denoted as ... above, is of the form <supplier>--<consumer>
+ where <supplier> is the supplier bus:device name and <consumer>
+ is the consumer bus:device name.
+
+What: /sys/class/devlink/.../auto_remove_on
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ This file indicates if the device link will ever be
+ automatically removed by the driver core when the consumer and
+ supplier devices themselves are still present.
+
+ This will be one of the following strings:
+
+ - 'consumer unbind'
+ - 'supplier unbind'
+ - 'never'
+
+ 'consumer unbind' means the device link will be removed when
+ the consumer's driver is unbound from the consumer device.
+
+ 'supplier unbind' means the device link will be removed when
+ the supplier's driver is unbound from the supplier device.
+
+ 'never' means the device link will not be automatically removed
+ when as long as the supplier and consumer devices themselves
+ are still present.
+
+What: /sys/class/devlink/.../consumer
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ This file is a symlink to the consumer device's sysfs directory.
+
+What: /sys/class/devlink/.../runtime_pm
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ This file indicates if the device link has any impact on the
+ runtime power management behavior of the consumer and supplier
+ devices. For example: Making sure the supplier doesn't enter
+ runtime suspend while the consumer is active.
+
+ This will be one of the following strings:
+
+ === ========================================
+ '0' Does not affect runtime power management
+ '1' Affects runtime power management
+ === ========================================
+
+What: /sys/class/devlink/.../status
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ This file indicates the status of the device link. The status
+ of a device link is affected by whether the supplier and
+ consumer devices have been bound to their corresponding
+ drivers. The status of a device link also affects the binding
+ and unbinding of the supplier and consumer devices with their
+ drivers and also affects whether the software state of the
+ supplier device is synced with the hardware state of the
+ supplier device after boot up.
+ See also: sysfs-devices-state_synced.
+
+ This will be one of the following strings:
+
+ - 'not tracked'
+ - 'dormant'
+ - 'available'
+ - 'consumer probing'
+ - 'active'
+ - 'supplier unbinding'
+ - 'unknown'
+
+ 'not tracked' means this device link does not track the status
+ and has no impact on the binding, unbinding and syncing the
+ hardware and software device state.
+
+ 'dormant' means the supplier and the consumer devices have not
+ bound to their driver.
+
+ 'available' means the supplier has bound to its driver and is
+ available to supply resources to the consumer device.
+
+ 'consumer probing' means the consumer device is currently
+ trying to bind to its driver.
+
+ 'active' means the supplier and consumer devices have both
+ bound successfully to their drivers.
+
+ 'supplier unbinding' means the supplier devices is currently in
+ the process of unbinding from its driver.
+
+ 'unknown' means the state of the device link is not any of the
+ above. If this is ever the value, there's a bug in the kernel.
+
+What: /sys/class/devlink/.../supplier
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ This file is a symlink to the supplier device's sysfs directory.
+
+What: /sys/class/devlink/.../sync_state_only
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ This file indicates if the device link is limited to only
+ affecting the syncing of the hardware and software state of the
+ supplier device.
+
+ This will be one of the following strings:
+
+ === ================================
+ '0'
+ '1' Affects runtime power management
+ === ================================
+
+ '0' means the device link can affect other device behaviors
+ like binding/unbinding, suspend/resume, runtime power
+ management, etc.
+
+ '1' means the device link will only affect the syncing of
+ hardware and software state of the supplier device after boot
+ up and doesn't not affect other behaviors of the devices.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-drm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-drm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d23fed5e29a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-drm
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/class/drm/.../boot_display
+Date: January 2026
+Contact: Linux DRI developers <dri-devel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file indicates that displays connected to the device were
+ used to display the boot sequence. If a display connected to
+ the device was used to display the boot sequence the file will
+ be present and contain "1".
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-extcon b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-extcon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f8e705375b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-extcon
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+What: /sys/class/extcon/.../
+Date: February 2012
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ Provide a place in sysfs for the extcon objects.
+ This allows accessing extcon specific variables.
+ The name of extcon object denoted as ... is the name given
+ with extcon_dev_register.
+
+ One extcon device denotes a single external connector
+ port. An external connector may have multiple cables
+ attached simultaneously. Many of docks, cradles, and
+ accessory cables have such capability. For example,
+ the 30-pin port of Nuri board (/arch/arm/mach-exynos)
+ may have both HDMI and Charger attached, or analog audio,
+ video, and USB cables attached simultaneously.
+
+ If there are cables mutually exclusive with each other,
+ such binary relations may be expressed with extcon_dev's
+ mutually_exclusive array.
+
+What: /sys/class/extcon/.../name
+Date: February 2012
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/extcon/.../name shows the name of the extcon
+ object. If the extcon object has an optional callback
+ "show_name" defined, the callback will provide the name with
+ this sysfs node.
+
+What: /sys/class/extcon/.../state
+Date: February 2012
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/extcon/.../state shows and stores the cable
+ attach/detach information of the corresponding extcon object.
+ If the extcon object has an optional callback "show_state"
+ defined, the showing function is overridden with the optional
+ callback.
+
+ If the default callback for showing function is used, the
+ format is like this::
+
+ # cat state
+ USB_OTG=1
+ HDMI=0
+ TA=1
+ EAR_JACK=0
+ #
+
+ In this example, the extcon device has USB_OTG and TA
+ cables attached and HDMI and EAR_JACK cables detached.
+
+ In order to update the state of an extcon device, enter a hex
+ state number starting with 0x::
+
+ # echo 0xHEX > state
+
+ This updates the whole state of the extcon device.
+ Inputs of all the methods are required to meet the
+ mutually_exclusive conditions if they exist.
+
+ It is recommended to use this "global" state interface if
+ you need to set the value atomically. The later state
+ interface associated with each cable cannot update
+ multiple cable states of an extcon device simultaneously.
+
+What: /sys/class/extcon/.../cable.X/name
+Date: February 2012
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/extcon/.../cable.X/name shows the name of cable
+ "X" (integer between 0 and 31) of an extcon device.
+
+What: /sys/class/extcon/.../cable.X/state
+Date: February 2012
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/extcon/.../cable.X/state shows and stores the
+ state of cable "X" (integer between 0 and 31) of an extcon
+ device. The state value is either 0 (detached) or 1
+ (attached).
+
+What: /sys/class/extcon/.../mutually_exclusive/...
+Date: December 2011
+Contact: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the relations of mutually exclusiveness. For example,
+ if the mutually_exclusive array of extcon device is
+ {0x3, 0x5, 0xC, 0x0}, then the output is::
+
+ # ls mutually_exclusive/
+ 0x3
+ 0x5
+ 0xc
+ #
+
+ Note that mutually_exclusive is a sub-directory of the extcon
+ device and the file names under the mutually_exclusive
+ directory show the mutually-exclusive sets, not the contents
+ of the files.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3057a6d3b8cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: /sys/class/fc/fc_udev_device/appid_store
+Date: Aug 2021
+Contact: Muneendra Kumar <muneendra.kumar@broadconm.com>
+Description:
+ This interface allows an admin to set an FC application
+ identifier in the blkcg associated with a cgroup id. The
+ identifier is typically a UUID that is associated with
+ an application or logical entity such as a virtual
+ machine or container group. The application or logical
+ entity utilizes a block device via the cgroup id.
+ FC adapter drivers may query the identifier and tag FC
+ traffic based on the identifier. FC host and FC fabric
+ entities can utilize the application id and FC traffic
+ tag to identify traffic sources.
+
+ The interface expects a string "<cgroupid>:<appid>" where:
+ <cgroupid> is inode of the cgroup in hexadecimal
+ <appid> is user provided string upto 128 characters
+ in length.
+
+ If an appid_store is done for a cgroup id that already
+ has an appid set, the new value will override the
+ previous value.
+
+ If an admin wants to remove an FC application identifier
+ from a cgroup, an appid_store should be done with the
+ following string: "<cgroupid>:"
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fc_host b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fc_host
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0a696cbd8232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fc_host
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What: /sys/class/fc_host/hostX/statistics/fpin_cn_yyy
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Shyam Sundar <ssundar@marvell.com>
+Description:
+ These files contain the number of congestion notification
+ events recorded by the F_Port, reported using fabric
+ performance impact notification (FPIN) event.
+
+What: /sys/class/fc_host/hostX/statistics/fpin_li_yyy
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Shyam Sundar <ssundar@marvell.com>
+Description:
+ These files contain the number of link integrity error
+ events recorded by the F_Port/Nx_Port, reported using fabric
+ performance impact notification (FPIN) event.
+
+What: /sys/class/fc_host/hostX/statistics/fpin_dn_yyy
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Shyam Sundar <ssundar@marvell.com>
+Description:
+ These files contain the number of delivery related errors
+ recorded by the F_Port/Nx_Port, reported using fabric
+ performance impact notification (FPIN) event.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fc_remote_ports b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fc_remote_ports
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..55a951529e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fc_remote_ports
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What: /sys/class/fc_remote_ports/rport-X:Y-Z/statistics/fpin_cn_yyy
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Shyam Sundar <ssundar@marvell.com>
+Description:
+ These files contain the number of congestion notification
+ events recorded by the F_Port/Nx_Port, reported using fabric
+ performance impact notification (FPIN) event.
+
+What: /sys/class/fc_remote_ports/rport-X:Y-Z/statistics/fpin_li_yyy
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Shyam Sundar <ssundar@marvell.com>
+Description:
+ These files contain the number of link integrity error
+ events recorded by the F_Port/Nx_Port, reported using fabric
+ performance impact notification (FPIN) event.
+
+What: /sys/class/fc_remote_ports/rport-X:Y-Z/statistics/fpin_dn_yyy
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Shyam Sundar <ssundar@marvell.com>
+Description:
+ These files contain the number of delivery related errors
+ recorded by the F_Port/Nx_Port, reported using fabric
+ performance impact notification (FPIN) event.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-firmware b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-firmware
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fba87a55f3ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-firmware
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+What: /sys/class/firmware/.../data
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Russ Weight <russ.weight@linux.dev>
+Description: The data sysfs file is used for firmware-fallback and for
+ firmware uploads. Cat a firmware image to this sysfs file
+ after you echo 1 to the loading sysfs file. When the firmware
+ image write is complete, echo 0 to the loading sysfs file. This
+ sequence will signal the completion of the firmware write and
+ signal the lower-level driver that the firmware data is
+ available.
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware/.../cancel
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Russ Weight <russ.weight@linux.dev>
+Description: Write-only. For firmware uploads, write a "1" to this file to
+ request that the transfer of firmware data to the lower-level
+ device be canceled. This request will be rejected (EBUSY) if
+ the update cannot be canceled (e.g. a FLASH write is in
+ progress) or (ENODEV) if there is no firmware update in progress.
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware/.../error
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Russ Weight <russ.weight@linux.dev>
+Description: Read-only. Returns a string describing a failed firmware
+ upload. This string will be in the form of <STATUS>:<ERROR>,
+ where <STATUS> will be one of the status strings described
+ for the status sysfs file and <ERROR> will be one of the
+ following: "hw-error", "timeout", "user-abort", "device-busy",
+ "invalid-file-size", "read-write-error", "flash-wearout". The
+ error sysfs file is only meaningful when the current firmware
+ upload status is "idle". If this file is read while a firmware
+ transfer is in progress, then the read will fail with EBUSY.
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware/.../loading
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Russ Weight <russ.weight@linux.dev>
+Description: The loading sysfs file is used for both firmware-fallback and
+ for firmware uploads. Echo 1 onto the loading file to indicate
+ you are writing a firmware file to the data sysfs node. Echo
+ -1 onto this file to abort the data write or echo 0 onto this
+ file to indicate that the write is complete. For firmware
+ uploads, the zero value also triggers the transfer of the
+ firmware data to the lower-level device driver.
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware/.../remaining_size
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Russ Weight <russ.weight@linux.dev>
+Description: Read-only. For firmware upload, this file contains the size
+ of the firmware data that remains to be transferred to the
+ lower-level device driver. The size value is initialized to
+ the full size of the firmware image that was previously
+ written to the data sysfs file. This value is periodically
+ updated during the "transferring" phase of the firmware
+ upload.
+ Format: "%u".
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware/.../status
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Russ Weight <russ.weight@linux.dev>
+Description: Read-only. Returns a string describing the current status of
+ a firmware upload. The string will be one of the following:
+ idle, "receiving", "preparing", "transferring", "programming".
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware/.../timeout
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: Russ Weight <russ.weight@linux.dev>
+Description: This file supports the timeout mechanism for firmware
+ fallback. This file has no affect on firmware uploads. For
+ more information on timeouts please see the documentation
+ for firmware fallback.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-firmware-attributes b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-firmware-attributes
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2713efa509b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-firmware-attributes
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/attributes/*/
+Date: February 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: Divya Bharathi <Divya.Bharathi@Dell.com>,
+ Prasanth KSR <prasanth.ksr@dell.com>
+ Dell.Client.Kernel@dell.com
+Description:
+ A sysfs interface for systems management software to enable
+ configuration capability on supported systems. This directory
+ exposes interfaces for interacting with configuration options.
+
+ Unless otherwise specified in an attribute description all attributes are optional
+ and will accept UTF-8 input.
+
+ type:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the type of attribute.
+ This attribute is mandatory.
+
+ The following are known types:
+
+ - enumeration: a set of pre-defined valid values
+ - integer: a range of numerical values
+ - string
+
+ HP specific types
+ -----------------
+ - ordered-list - a set of ordered list valid values
+
+
+ All attribute types support the following values:
+
+ current_value:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the current
+ value of the <attr>.
+
+ This file can also be written to in order to update the value of a
+ <attr>
+
+ This attribute is mandatory.
+
+ default_value:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the default
+ value of the <attr>
+
+ display_name:
+ A file that can be read to obtain a user friendly
+ description of the at <attr>
+
+ display_name_language_code:
+ A file that can be read to obtain
+ the IETF language tag corresponding to the
+ "display_name" of the <attr>
+
+ "enumeration"-type specific properties:
+
+ possible_values:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the possible
+ values of the <attr>. Values are separated using
+ semi-colon (``;``).
+
+ "integer"-type specific properties:
+
+ min_value:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the lower
+ bound value of the <attr>
+
+ max_value:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the upper
+ bound value of the <attr>
+
+ scalar_increment:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the scalar value used for
+ increments of current_value this attribute accepts.
+
+ "string"-type specific properties:
+
+ max_length:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the maximum
+ length value of the <attr>
+
+ min_length:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the minimum
+ length value of the <attr>
+
+ Dell specific class extensions
+ ------------------------------
+
+ On Dell systems the following additional attributes are available:
+
+ dell_modifier:
+ A file that can be read to obtain attribute-level
+ dependency rule. It says an attribute X will become read-only or
+ suppressed, if/if-not attribute Y is configured.
+
+ modifier rules can be in following format::
+
+ [ReadOnlyIf:<attribute>=<value>]
+ [ReadOnlyIfNot:<attribute>=<value>]
+ [SuppressIf:<attribute>=<value>]
+ [SuppressIfNot:<attribute>=<value>]
+
+ For example::
+
+ AutoOnFri/dell_modifier has value,
+ [SuppressIfNot:AutoOn=SelectDays]
+
+ This means AutoOnFri will be suppressed in BIOS setup if AutoOn
+ attribute is not "SelectDays" and its value will not be effective
+ through sysfs until this rule is met.
+
+ Enumeration attributes also support the following:
+
+ dell_value_modifier:
+ A file that can be read to obtain value-level dependency.
+ This file is similar to dell_modifier but here, an
+ attribute's current value will be forcefully changed based
+ dependent attributes value.
+
+ dell_value_modifier rules can be in following format::
+
+ <value>[ForceIf:<attribute>=<value>]
+ <value>[ForceIfNot:<attribute>=<value>]
+
+ For example::
+
+ LegacyOrom/dell_value_modifier has value:
+ Disabled[ForceIf:SecureBoot=Enabled]
+
+ This means LegacyOrom's current value will be forced to
+ "Disabled" in BIOS setup if SecureBoot is Enabled and its
+ value will not be effective through sysfs until this rule is
+ met.
+
+ HP specific class extensions
+ ------------------------------
+
+ On HP systems the following additional attributes are available:
+
+ "ordered-list"-type specific properties:
+
+ elements:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the possible
+ list of values of the <attr>. Values are separated using
+ semi-colon (``;``) and listed according to their priority.
+ An element listed first has the highest priority. Writing
+ the list in a different order to current_value alters
+ the priority order for the particular attribute.
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/authentication/
+Date: February 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: Divya Bharathi <Divya.Bharathi@Dell.com>,
+ Prasanth KSR <prasanth.ksr@dell.com>
+ Dell.Client.Kernel@dell.com
+Description:
+ Devices support various authentication mechanisms which can be exposed
+ as a separate configuration object.
+
+ For example a "BIOS Admin" password and "System" Password can be set,
+ reset or cleared using these attributes.
+
+ - An "Admin" password is used for preventing modification to the BIOS
+ settings.
+ - A "System" password is required to boot a machine.
+
+ Change in any of these two authentication methods will also generate an
+ uevent KOBJ_CHANGE.
+
+ is_enabled:
+ A file that can be read to obtain a 0/1 flag to see if
+ <attr> authentication is enabled.
+ This attribute is mandatory.
+
+ role:
+ The type of authentication used.
+ This attribute is mandatory.
+
+ Known types:
+ bios-admin:
+ Representing BIOS administrator password
+ power-on:
+ Representing a password required to use
+ the system
+ system-mgmt:
+ Representing System Management password.
+ See Lenovo extensions section for details
+ HDD:
+ Representing HDD password
+ See Lenovo extensions section for details
+ NVMe:
+ Representing NVMe password
+ See Lenovo extensions section for details
+
+ mechanism:
+ The means of authentication. This attribute is mandatory.
+ Supported types are "password" or "certificate".
+
+ max_password_length:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the
+ maximum length of the Password
+
+ min_password_length:
+ A file that can be read to obtain the
+ minimum length of the Password
+
+ current_password:
+ A write only value used for privileged access such as
+ setting attributes when a system or admin password is set
+ or resetting to a new password
+
+ This attribute is mandatory when mechanism == "password".
+
+ new_password:
+ A write only value that when used in tandem with
+ current_password will reset a system or admin password.
+
+ Note, password management is session specific. If Admin password is set,
+ same password must be written into current_password file (required for
+ password-validation) and must be cleared once the session is over.
+ For example::
+
+ echo "password" > current_password
+ echo "disabled" > TouchScreen/current_value
+ echo "" > current_password
+
+ Drivers may emit a CHANGE uevent when a password is set or unset
+ userspace may check it again.
+
+ On Dell, Lenovo and HP systems, if Admin password is set, then all BIOS attributes
+ require password validation.
+ On Lenovo systems if you change the Admin password the new password is not active until
+ the next boot.
+
+ Lenovo specific class extensions
+ --------------------------------
+
+ On Lenovo systems the following additional settings are available:
+
+ role: system-mgmt This gives the same authority as the bios-admin password to control
+ security related features. The authorities allocated can be set via
+ the BIOS menu SMP Access Control Policy
+
+ role: HDD & NVMe This password is used to unlock access to the drive at boot. Note see
+ 'level' and 'index' extensions below.
+
+ lenovo_encoding:
+ The encoding method that is used. This can be either "ascii"
+ or "scancode". Default is set to "ascii"
+
+ lenovo_kbdlang:
+ The keyboard language method that is used. This is generally a
+ two char code (e.g. "us", "fr", "gr") and may vary per platform.
+ Default is set to "us"
+
+ level:
+ Available for HDD and NVMe authentication to set 'user' or 'master'
+ privilege level.
+ If only the user password is configured then this should be used to
+ unlock the drive at boot. If both master and user passwords are set
+ then either can be used. If a master password is set a user password
+ is required.
+ This attribute defaults to 'user' level
+
+ index:
+ Used with HDD and NVME authentication to set the drive index
+ that is being referenced (e.g hdd1, hdd2 etc)
+ This attribute defaults to device 1.
+
+ certificate, signature, save_signature:
+ These attributes are used for certificate based authentication. This is
+ used in conjunction with a signing server as an alternative to password
+ based authentication.
+ The user writes to the attribute(s) with a BASE64 encoded string obtained
+ from the signing server.
+ The attributes can be displayed to check the stored value.
+
+ Some usage examples:
+
+ Installing a certificate to enable feature::
+
+ echo "supervisor password" > authentication/Admin/current_password
+ echo "signed certificate" > authentication/Admin/certificate
+
+ Updating the installed certificate::
+
+ echo "signature" > authentication/Admin/signature
+ echo "signed certificate" > authentication/Admin/certificate
+
+ Removing the installed certificate::
+
+ echo "signature" > authentication/Admin/signature
+ echo "" > authentication/Admin/certificate
+
+ Changing a BIOS setting::
+
+ echo "signature" > authentication/Admin/signature
+ echo "save signature" > authentication/Admin/save_signature
+ echo Enable > attribute/PasswordBeep/current_value
+
+ You cannot enable certificate authentication if a supervisor password
+ has not been set.
+ Clearing the certificate results in no bios-admin authentication method
+ being configured allowing anyone to make changes.
+ After any of these operations the system must reboot for the changes to
+ take effect.
+ Admin and System certificates are supported from 2025 systems onward.
+
+ certificate_thumbprint:
+ Read only attribute used to display the MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 thumbprints
+ for the certificate installed in the BIOS.
+
+ certificate_to_password:
+ Write only attribute used to switch from certificate based authentication
+ back to password based.
+ Usage::
+
+ echo "signature" > authentication/Admin/signature
+ echo "password" > authentication/Admin/certificate_to_password
+
+ HP specific class extensions
+ --------------------------------
+
+ On HP systems the following additional settings are available:
+
+ role: enhanced-bios-auth:
+ This role is specific to Secure Platform Management (SPM) attribute.
+ It requires configuring an endorsement (kek) and signing certificate (sk).
+
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/attributes/pending_reboot
+Date: February 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: Divya Bharathi <Divya.Bharathi@Dell.com>,
+ Prasanth KSR <prasanth.ksr@dell.com>
+ Dell.Client.Kernel@dell.com
+Description:
+ A read-only attribute reads 1 if a reboot is necessary to apply
+ pending BIOS attribute changes. Also, an uevent_KOBJ_CHANGE is
+ generated when it changes to 1.
+
+ == =========================================
+ 0 All BIOS attributes setting are current
+ 1 A reboot is necessary to get pending BIOS
+ attribute changes applied
+ == =========================================
+
+ Note, userspace applications need to follow below steps for efficient
+ BIOS management,
+
+ 1. Check if admin password is set. If yes, follow session method for
+ password management as briefed under authentication section above.
+ 2. Before setting any attribute, check if it has any modifiers
+ or value_modifiers. If yes, incorporate them and then modify
+ attribute.
+
+ Drivers may emit a CHANGE uevent when this value changes and userspace
+ may check it again.
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/attributes/reset_bios
+Date: February 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: Divya Bharathi <Divya.Bharathi@Dell.com>,
+ Prasanth KSR <prasanth.ksr@dell.com>
+ Dell.Client.Kernel@dell.com
+Description:
+ This attribute can be used to reset the BIOS Configuration.
+ Specifically, it tells which type of reset BIOS configuration is being
+ requested on the host.
+
+ Reading from it returns a list of supported options encoded as:
+
+ - 'builtinsafe' (Built in safe configuration profile)
+ - 'lastknowngood' (Last known good saved configuration profile)
+ - 'factory' (Default factory settings configuration profile)
+ - 'custom' (Custom saved configuration profile)
+
+ The currently selected option is printed in square brackets as
+ shown below::
+
+ # echo "factory" > /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/device/attributes/reset_bios
+ # cat /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/device/attributes/reset_bios
+ builtinsafe lastknowngood [factory] custom
+
+ Note that any changes to this attribute requires a reboot
+ for changes to take effect.
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/attributes/save_settings
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: Mark Pearson <mpearson-lenovo@squebb.ca>
+Description:
+ On Lenovo platforms there is a limitation in the number of times an attribute can be
+ saved. This is an architectural limitation and it limits the number of attributes
+ that can be modified to 48.
+ A solution for this is instead of the attribute being saved after every modification,
+ to allow a user to bulk set the attributes, and then trigger a final save. This allows
+ unlimited attributes.
+
+ Read the attribute to check what save mode is enabled (single or bulk).
+ E.g:
+ # cat /sys/class/firmware-attributes/thinklmi/attributes/save_settings
+ single
+
+ Write the attribute with 'bulk' to enable bulk save mode.
+ Write the attribute with 'single' to enable saving, after every attribute set.
+ The default setting is single mode.
+ E.g:
+ # echo bulk > /sys/class/firmware-attributes/thinklmi/attributes/save_settings
+
+ When in bulk mode write 'save' to trigger a save of all currently modified attributes.
+ Note, once a save has been triggered, in bulk mode, attributes can no longer be set and
+ will return a permissions error. This is to prevent users hitting the 48+ save limitation
+ (which requires entering the BIOS to clear the error condition)
+ E.g:
+ # echo save > /sys/class/firmware-attributes/thinklmi/attributes/save_settings
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/attributes/debug_cmd
+Date: July 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.14
+Contact: Mark Pearson <markpearson@lenovo.com>
+Description:
+ This write only attribute can be used to send debug commands to the BIOS.
+ This should only be used when recommended by the BIOS vendor. Vendors may
+ use it to enable extra debug attributes or BIOS features for testing purposes.
+
+ Note that any changes to this attribute requires a reboot for changes to take effect.
+
+
+ HP specific class extensions - Secure Platform Manager (SPM)
+ --------------------------------
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/authentication/SPM/kek
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "Jorge Lopez" <jorge.lopez2@hp.com>
+Description:
+ 'kek' Key-Encryption-Key is a write-only file that can be used to configure the
+ RSA public key that will be used by the BIOS to verify
+ signatures when setting the signing key. When written,
+ the bytes should correspond to the KEK certificate
+ (x509 .DER format containing an OU). The size of the
+ certificate must be less than or equal to 4095 bytes.
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/authentication/SPM/sk
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "Jorge Lopez" <jorge.lopez2@hp.com>
+Description:
+ 'sk' Signature Key is a write-only file that can be used to configure the RSA
+ public key that will be used by the BIOS to verify signatures
+ when configuring BIOS settings and security features. When
+ written, the bytes should correspond to the modulus of the
+ public key. The exponent is assumed to be 0x10001.
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/authentication/SPM/status
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "Jorge Lopez" <jorge.lopez2@hp.com>
+Description:
+ 'status' is a read-only file that returns ASCII text in JSON format reporting
+ the status information.
+
+ "State": "not provisioned | provisioned | provisioning in progress",
+ "Version": "Major.Minor",
+ "Nonce": <16-bit unsigned number display in base 10>,
+ "FeaturesInUse": <16-bit unsigned number display in base 10>,
+ "EndorsementKeyMod": "<256 bytes in base64>",
+ "SigningKeyMod": "<256 bytes in base64>"
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/attributes/Sure_Start/audit_log_entries
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "Jorge Lopez" <jorge.lopez2@hp.com>
+Description:
+ 'audit_log_entries' is a read-only file that returns the events in the log.
+
+ Audit log entry format
+
+ Byte 0-15: Requested Audit Log entry (Each Audit log is 16 bytes)
+ Byte 16-127: Unused
+
+What: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/*/attributes/Sure_Start/audit_log_entry_count
+Date: March 2023
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "Jorge Lopez" <jorge.lopez2@hp.com>
+Description:
+ 'audit_log_entry_count' is a read-only file that returns the number of existing
+ audit log events available to be read. Values are separated using comma. (``,``)
+
+ [No of entries],[log entry size],[Max number of entries supported]
+
+ log entry size identifies audit log size for the current BIOS version.
+ The current size is 16 bytes but it can be up to 128 bytes long in future BIOS
+ versions.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fpga-bridge b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fpga-bridge
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..312ae2c579d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fpga-bridge
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+What: /sys/class/fpga_bridge/<bridge>/name
+Date: January 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.5
+Contact: Alan Tull <atull@opensource.altera.com>
+Description: Name of low level FPGA bridge driver.
+
+What: /sys/class/fpga_bridge/<bridge>/state
+Date: January 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.5
+Contact: Alan Tull <atull@opensource.altera.com>
+Description: Show bridge state as "enabled" or "disabled"
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fpga-manager b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fpga-manager
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d78689c357a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fpga-manager
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+What: /sys/class/fpga_manager/<fpga>/name
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alan Tull <atull@opensource.altera.com>
+Description: Name of low level fpga manager driver.
+
+What: /sys/class/fpga_manager/<fpga>/state
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alan Tull <atull@opensource.altera.com>
+Description: Read fpga manager state as a string.
+ The intent is to provide enough detail that if something goes
+ wrong during FPGA programming (something that the driver can't
+ fix) then userspace can know, i.e. if the firmware request
+ fails, that could be due to not being able to find the firmware
+ file.
+
+ This is a superset of FPGA states and fpga manager driver
+ states. The fpga manager driver is walking through these steps
+ to get the FPGA into a known operating state. It's a sequence,
+ though some steps may get skipped. Valid FPGA states will vary
+ by manufacturer; this is a superset.
+
+ * unknown = can't determine state
+ * power off = FPGA power is off
+ * power up = FPGA reports power is up
+ * reset = FPGA held in reset state
+ * firmware request = firmware class request in progress
+ * firmware request error = firmware request failed
+ * write init = preparing FPGA for programming
+ * write init error = Error while preparing FPGA for programming
+ * write = FPGA ready to receive image data
+ * write error = Error while programming
+ * write complete = Doing post programming steps
+ * write complete error = Error while doing post programming
+ * operating = FPGA is programmed and operating
+
+What: /sys/class/fpga_manager/<fpga>/status
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read fpga manager status as a string.
+ If FPGA programming operation fails, it could be caused by crc
+ error or incompatible bitstream image. The intent of this
+ interface is to provide more detailed information for FPGA
+ programming errors to userspace. This is a list of strings for
+ the supported status.
+
+ * reconfig operation error - invalid operations detected by
+ reconfiguration hardware.
+ e.g. start reconfiguration
+ with errors not cleared
+ * reconfig CRC error - CRC error detected by
+ reconfiguration hardware.
+ * reconfig incompatible image - reconfiguration image is
+ incompatible with hardware
+ * reconfig IP protocol error - protocol errors detected by
+ reconfiguration hardware
+ * reconfig fifo overflow error - FIFO overflow detected by
+ reconfiguration hardware
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fpga-region b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fpga-region
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bc7ec644acc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-fpga-region
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/class/fpga_region/<region>/compat_id
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: FPGA region id for compatibility check, e.g. compatibility
+ of the FPGA reconfiguration hardware and image. This value
+ is defined or calculated by the layer that is creating the
+ FPGA region. This interface returns the compat_id value or
+ just error code -ENOENT in case compat_id is not used.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-gnss b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-gnss
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9650f3a7fc03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-gnss
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/class/gnss/gnss<N>/type
+Date: May 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.18
+Contact: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The GNSS receiver type. The currently identified types reflect
+ the protocol(s) supported by the receiver:
+
+ ====== ===========
+ "NMEA" NMEA 0183
+ "SiRF" SiRF Binary
+ "UBX" UBX
+ ====== ===========
+
+ Note that also non-"NMEA" type receivers typically support a
+ subset of NMEA 0183 with vendor extensions (e.g. to allow
+ switching to a vendor protocol).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-hwmon b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-hwmon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cfd0d0bab483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-hwmon
@@ -0,0 +1,1075 @@
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/name
+Description:
+ The chip name.
+ This should be a short, lowercase string, not containing
+ whitespace, dashes, or the wildcard character '*'.
+ This attribute represents the chip name. It is the only
+ mandatory attribute.
+ I2C devices get this attribute created automatically.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/label
+Description:
+ A descriptive label that allows to uniquely identify a
+ device within the system.
+ The contents of the label are free-form.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/update_interval
+Description:
+ The interval at which the chip will update readings.
+ Unit: millisecond
+
+ RW
+
+ Some devices have a variable update rate or interval.
+ This attribute can be used to change it to the desired value.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_min
+Description:
+ Voltage min value.
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_lcrit
+Description:
+ Voltage critical min value.
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RW
+
+ If voltage drops to or below this limit, the system may
+ take drastic action such as power down or reset. At the very
+ least, it should report a fault.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_max
+Description:
+ Voltage max value.
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_crit
+Description:
+ Voltage critical max value.
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RW
+
+ If voltage reaches or exceeds this limit, the system may
+ take drastic action such as power down or reset. At the very
+ least, it should report a fault.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_input
+Description:
+ Voltage input value.
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RO
+
+ Voltage measured on the chip pin.
+
+ Actual voltage depends on the scaling resistors on the
+ motherboard, as recommended in the chip datasheet.
+
+ This varies by chip and by motherboard.
+ Because of this variation, values are generally NOT scaled
+ by the chip driver, and must be done by the application.
+ However, some drivers (notably lm87 and via686a)
+ do scale, because of internal resistors built into a chip.
+ These drivers will output the actual voltage. Rule of
+ thumb: drivers should report the voltage values at the
+ "pins" of the chip.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_average
+Description:
+ Average voltage
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_lowest
+Description:
+ Historical minimum voltage
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_highest
+Description:
+ Historical maximum voltage
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_reset_history
+Description:
+ Reset inX_lowest and inX_highest
+
+ WO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/in_reset_history
+Description:
+ Reset inX_lowest and inX_highest for all sensors
+
+ WO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_label
+Description:
+ Suggested voltage channel label.
+
+ Text string
+
+ Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
+ this voltage channel is being used for, and user-space
+ doesn't. In all other cases, the label is provided by
+ user-space.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_enable
+Description:
+ Enable or disable the sensors.
+
+ When disabled the sensor read will return -ENODATA.
+
+ - 1: Enable
+ - 0: Disable
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_fault
+Description:
+ Reports a voltage hard failure (eg: shorted component)
+
+ - 1: Failed
+ - 0: Ok
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/cpuY_vid
+Description:
+ CPU core reference voltage.
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RO
+
+ Not always correct.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/vrm
+Description:
+ Voltage Regulator Module version number.
+
+ RW (but changing it should no more be necessary)
+
+ Originally the VRM standard version multiplied by 10, but now
+ an arbitrary number, as not all standards have a version
+ number.
+
+ Affects the way the driver calculates the CPU core reference
+ voltage from the vid pins.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_rated_min
+Description:
+ Minimum rated voltage.
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/inY_rated_max
+Description:
+ Maximum rated voltage.
+
+ Unit: millivolt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/fanY_min
+Description:
+ Fan minimum value
+
+ Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/fanY_max
+Description:
+ Fan maximum value
+
+ Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
+
+ Only rarely supported by the hardware.
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/fanY_input
+Description:
+ Fan input value.
+
+ Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/fanY_div
+Description:
+ Fan divisor.
+
+ Integer value in powers of two (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128).
+
+ RW
+
+ Some chips only support values 1, 2, 4 and 8.
+ Note that this is actually an internal clock divisor, which
+ affects the measurable speed range, not the read value.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/fanY_pulses
+Description:
+ Number of tachometer pulses per fan revolution.
+
+ Integer value, typically between 1 and 4.
+
+ RW
+
+ This value is a characteristic of the fan connected to the
+ device's input, so it has to be set in accordance with the fan
+ model.
+
+ Should only be created if the chip has a register to configure
+ the number of pulses. In the absence of such a register (and
+ thus attribute) the value assumed by all devices is 2 pulses
+ per fan revolution.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/fanY_target
+Description:
+ Desired fan speed
+
+ Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
+
+ RW
+
+ Only makes sense if the chip supports closed-loop fan speed
+ control based on the measured fan speed.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/fanY_label
+Description:
+ Suggested fan channel label.
+
+ Text string
+
+ Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
+ this fan channel is being used for, and user-space doesn't.
+ In all other cases, the label is provided by user-space.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/fanY_enable
+Description:
+ Enable or disable the sensors.
+
+ When disabled the sensor read will return -ENODATA.
+
+ - 1: Enable
+ - 0: Disable
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/fanY_fault
+Description:
+ Reports if a fan has reported failure.
+
+ - 1: Failed
+ - 0: Ok
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/pwmY
+Description:
+ Pulse width modulation fan control.
+
+ Integer value in the range 0 to 255
+
+ RW
+
+ 255 is max or 100%.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/pwmY_enable
+Description:
+ Fan speed control method:
+
+ - 0: no fan speed control (i.e. fan at full speed)
+ - 1: manual fan speed control enabled (using `pwmY`)
+ - 2+: automatic fan speed control enabled
+
+ Check individual chip documentation files for automatic mode
+ details.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/pwmY_mode
+Description:
+ - 0: DC mode (direct current)
+ - 1: PWM mode (pulse-width modulation)
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/pwmY_freq
+Description:
+ Base PWM frequency in Hz.
+
+ Only possibly available when pwmN_mode is PWM, but not always
+ present even then.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/pwmY_auto_channels_temp
+Description:
+ Select which temperature channels affect this PWM output in
+ auto mode.
+
+ Bitfield, 1 is temp1, 2 is temp2, 4 is temp3 etc...
+ Which values are possible depend on the chip used.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/pwmY_auto_pointZ_pwm
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/pwmY_auto_pointZ_temp
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/pwmY_auto_pointZ_temp_hyst
+Description:
+ Define the PWM vs temperature curve.
+
+ Number of trip points is chip-dependent. Use this for chips
+ which associate trip points to PWM output channels.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_auto_pointZ_pwm
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_auto_pointZ_temp
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_auto_pointZ_temp_hyst
+Description:
+ Define the PWM vs temperature curve.
+
+ Number of trip points is chip-dependent. Use this for chips
+ which associate trip points to temperature channels.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_type
+Description:
+ Sensor type selection.
+
+ Integers 1 to 6
+
+ RW
+
+ - 1: CPU embedded diode
+ - 2: 3904 transistor
+ - 3: thermal diode
+ - 4: thermistor
+ - 5: AMD AMDSI
+ - 6: Intel PECI
+
+ Not all types are supported by all chips
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_max
+Description:
+ Temperature max value.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius (or millivolt, see below)
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_max_alarm
+Description:
+ Maximum temperature alarm flag.
+
+ - 0: OK
+ - 1: temperature has reached tempY_max
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_min
+Description:
+ Temperature min value.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_min_alarm
+Description:
+ Minimum temperature alarm flag.
+
+ - 0: OK
+ - 1: temperature has reached tempY_min
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_max_hyst
+Description:
+ Temperature hysteresis value for max limit.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
+ from the max value.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_min_hyst
+Description:
+ Temperature hysteresis value for min limit.
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
+ from the min value.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_input
+Description:
+ Temperature input value.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_crit
+Description:
+ Temperature critical max value, typically greater than
+ corresponding temp_max values.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_crit_alarm
+Description:
+ Critical high temperature alarm flag.
+
+ - 0: OK
+ - 1: temperature has reached tempY_crit
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_crit_hyst
+Description:
+ Temperature hysteresis value for critical limit.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
+ from the critical value.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_emergency
+Description:
+ Temperature emergency max value, for chips supporting more than
+ two upper temperature limits. Must be equal or greater than
+ corresponding temp_crit values.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_emergency_alarm
+Description:
+ Emergency high temperature alarm flag.
+
+ - 0: OK
+ - 1: temperature has reached tempY_emergency
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_emergency_hyst
+Description:
+ Temperature hysteresis value for emergency limit.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
+ from the emergency value.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_lcrit
+Description:
+ Temperature critical min value, typically lower than
+ corresponding temp_min values.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_lcrit_hyst
+Description:
+ Temperature hysteresis value for critical min limit.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
+ from the critical min value.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_offset
+Description:
+ Temperature offset which is added to the temperature reading
+ by the chip.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ Read/Write value.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_label
+Description:
+ Suggested temperature channel label.
+
+ Text string
+
+ Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
+ this temperature channel is being used for, and user-space
+ doesn't. In all other cases, the label is provided by
+ user-space.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_lowest
+Description:
+ Historical minimum temperature
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_highest
+Description:
+ Historical maximum temperature
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_reset_history
+Description:
+ Reset temp_lowest and temp_highest
+
+ WO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/temp_reset_history
+Description:
+ Reset temp_lowest and temp_highest for all sensors
+
+ WO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_enable
+Description:
+ Enable or disable the sensors.
+
+ When disabled the sensor read will return -ENODATA.
+
+ - 1: Enable
+ - 0: Disable
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_rated_min
+Description:
+ Minimum rated temperature.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/tempY_rated_max
+Description:
+ Maximum rated temperature.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_max
+Description:
+ Current max value
+
+ Unit: milliampere
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_min
+Description:
+ Current min value.
+
+ Unit: milliampere
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_lcrit
+Description:
+ Current critical low value
+
+ Unit: milliampere
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_crit
+Description:
+ Current critical high value.
+
+ Unit: milliampere
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_input
+Description:
+ Current input value
+
+ Unit: milliampere
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_average
+Description:
+ Average current use
+
+ Unit: milliampere
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_lowest
+Description:
+ Historical minimum current
+
+ Unit: milliampere
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_highest
+Description:
+ Historical maximum current
+ Unit: milliampere
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_reset_history
+Description:
+ Reset currX_lowest and currX_highest
+
+ WO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/curr_reset_history
+Description:
+ Reset currX_lowest and currX_highest for all sensors
+
+ WO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_enable
+Description:
+ Enable or disable the sensors.
+
+ When disabled the sensor read will return -ENODATA.
+
+ - 1: Enable
+ - 0: Disable
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_rated_min
+Description:
+ Minimum rated current.
+
+ Unit: milliampere
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/currY_rated_max
+Description:
+ Maximum rated current.
+
+ Unit: milliampere
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_average
+Description:
+ Average power use
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_average_interval
+Description:
+ Power use averaging interval. A poll
+ notification is sent to this file if the
+ hardware changes the averaging interval.
+
+ Unit: milliseconds
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_average_interval_max
+Description:
+ Maximum power use averaging interval
+
+ Unit: milliseconds
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_average_interval_min
+Description:
+ Minimum power use averaging interval
+
+ Unit: milliseconds
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_average_highest
+Description:
+ Historical average maximum power use
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_average_lowest
+Description:
+ Historical average minimum power use
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_average_max
+Description:
+ A poll notification is sent to
+ `powerY_average` when power use
+ rises above this value.
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_average_min
+Description:
+ A poll notification is sent to
+ `powerY_average` when power use
+ sinks below this value.
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_input
+Description:
+ Instantaneous power use
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_input_highest
+Description:
+ Historical maximum power use
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_input_lowest
+Description:
+ Historical minimum power use
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_reset_history
+Description:
+ Reset input_highest, input_lowest,
+ average_highest and average_lowest.
+
+ WO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_accuracy
+Description:
+ Accuracy of the power meter.
+
+ Unit: Percent
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_cap
+Description:
+ If power use rises above this limit, the
+ system should take action to reduce power use.
+ A poll notification is sent to this file if the
+ cap is changed by the hardware. The `*_cap`
+ files only appear if the cap is known to be
+ enforced by hardware.
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_cap_hyst
+Description:
+ Margin of hysteresis built around capping and
+ notification.
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_cap_max
+Description:
+ Maximum cap that can be set.
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_cap_min
+Description:
+ Minimum cap that can be set.
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_max
+Description:
+ Maximum power.
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_crit
+Description:
+ Critical maximum power.
+
+ If power rises to or above this limit, the
+ system is expected take drastic action to reduce
+ power consumption, such as a system shutdown or
+ a forced powerdown of some devices.
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_enable
+Description:
+ Enable or disable the sensors.
+
+ When disabled the sensor read will return
+ -ENODATA.
+
+ - 1: Enable
+ - 0: Disable
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_rated_min
+Description:
+ Minimum rated power.
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/powerY_rated_max
+Description:
+ Maximum rated power.
+
+ Unit: microWatt
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/energyY_input
+Description:
+ Cumulative energy use
+
+ Unit: microJoule
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/energyY_enable
+Description:
+ Enable or disable the sensors.
+
+ When disabled the sensor read will return
+ -ENODATA.
+
+ - 1: Enable
+ - 0: Disable
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_alarm
+Description:
+ Humidity limit detection
+
+ - 0: OK
+ - 1: Humidity limit has been reached
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_enable
+Description:
+ Enable or disable the sensors
+
+ When disabled the sensor read will return
+ -ENODATA.
+
+ - 1: Enable
+ - 0: Disable
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_fault
+Description:
+ Reports a humidity sensor failure.
+
+ - 1: Failed
+ - 0: Ok
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_input
+Description:
+ Humidity
+
+ Unit: milli-percent (per cent mille, pcm)
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_label
+Description:
+ Suggested humidity channel label.
+
+ Text string
+
+ Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
+ this humidity channel is being used for, and user-space
+ doesn't. In all other cases, the label is provided by
+ user-space.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_max
+Description:
+ Humidity max value.
+
+ Unit: milli-percent (per cent mille, pcm)
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_max_alarm
+Description:
+ Maximum humidity detection
+
+ - 0: OK
+ - 1: Maximum humidity detected
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_max_hyst
+Description:
+ Humidity hysteresis value for max limit.
+
+ Unit: milli-percent (per cent mille, pcm)
+
+ Must be reported as an absolute humidity, NOT a delta
+ from the max value.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_min
+Description:
+ Humidity min value.
+
+ Unit: milli-percent (per cent mille, pcm)
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_min_alarm
+Description:
+ Minimum humidity detection
+
+ - 0: OK
+ - 1: Minimum humidity detected
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_min_hyst
+Description:
+ Humidity hysteresis value for min limit.
+
+ Unit: milli-percent (per cent mille, pcm)
+
+ Must be reported as an absolute humidity, NOT a delta
+ from the min value.
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_rated_min
+Description:
+ Minimum rated humidity.
+
+ Unit: milli-percent (per cent mille, pcm)
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/humidityY_rated_max
+Description:
+ Maximum rated humidity.
+
+ Unit: milli-percent (per cent mille, pcm)
+
+ RO
+
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/intrusionY_alarm
+Description:
+ Chassis intrusion detection
+
+ - 0: OK
+ - 1: intrusion detected
+
+ RW
+
+ Contrary to regular alarm flags which clear themselves
+ automatically when read, this one sticks until cleared by
+ the user. This is done by writing 0 to the file. Writing
+ other values is unsupported.
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/intrusionY_beep
+Description:
+ Chassis intrusion beep
+
+ - 0: disable
+ - 1: enable
+
+ RW
+
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/device/pec
+Description:
+ PEC support on I2C devices
+
+ - 0, off, n: disable
+ - 1, on, y: enable
+
+ RW
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-intel_pmt b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-intel_pmt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ed4c886a21b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-intel_pmt
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: David Box <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The intel_pmt/ class directory contains information for
+ devices that expose hardware telemetry using Intel Platform
+ Monitoring Technology (PMT)
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/telem<x>
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: David Box <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The telem<x> directory contains files describing an instance of
+ a PMT telemetry device that exposes hardware telemetry. Each
+ telem<x> directory has an associated telem file. This file
+ may be opened and mapped or read to access the telemetry space
+ of the device. The register layout of the telemetry space is
+ determined from an XML file that matches the PCI device id and
+ GUID for the device.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/telem<x>/telem
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: David Box <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) The telemetry data for this telemetry device. This file
+ may be mapped or read to obtain the data.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/telem<x>/guid
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: David Box <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) The GUID for this telemetry device. The GUID identifies
+ the version of the XML file for the parent device that is to
+ be used to get the register layout.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/telem<x>/size
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: David Box <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) The size of telemetry region in bytes that corresponds to
+ the mapping size for the telem file.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/telem<x>/offset
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: David Box <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) The offset of telemetry region in bytes that corresponds to
+ the mapping for the telem file.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/crashlog<x>
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The crashlog<x> directory contains files for configuring an
+ instance of a PMT crashlog device that can perform crash data
+ recording. Each crashlog<x> device has an associated crashlog
+ file. This file can be opened and mapped or read to access the
+ resulting crashlog buffer. The register layout for the buffer
+ can be determined from an XML file of specified GUID for the
+ parent device.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/crashlog<x>/crashlog
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: David Box <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) The crashlog buffer for this crashlog device. This file
+ may be mapped or read to obtain the data.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/crashlog<x>/guid
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) The GUID for this crashlog device. The GUID identifies the
+ version of the XML file for the parent device that should be
+ used to determine the register layout.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/crashlog<x>/size
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) The length of the result buffer in bytes that corresponds
+ to the size for the crashlog buffer.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/crashlog<x>/offset
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) The offset of the buffer in bytes that corresponds
+ to the mapping for the crashlog device.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/crashlog<x>/enable
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Boolean value controlling if the crashlog functionality
+ is enabled for the crashlog device.
+
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/crashlog<x>/trigger
+Date: October 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) Boolean value controlling the triggering of the crashlog
+ device node. When read it provides data on if the crashlog has
+ been triggered. When written to it can be used to either clear
+ the current trigger by writing false, or to trigger a new
+ event if the trigger is not currently set.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-intel_pmt-features b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-intel_pmt-features
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cddb30e5bdf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-intel_pmt-features
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+What: /sys/class/intel_pmt/features-<PCI BDF>/
+Date: 2025-04-24
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: david.e.box@linux.intel.com
+Description:
+ The `features-<PCI BDF>/` directory represents the "features"
+ capability exposed by Intel PMT (Platform Monitoring Technology)
+ for the given PCI device.
+
+ Each directory corresponds to a PMT feature and contains
+ attributes describing the available telemetry, monitoring, or
+ control functionalities.
+
+Directory Structure:
+
+ /sys/class/intel_pmt/features-<PCI BDF>/
+ ├── accelerator_telemetry/ # Per-accelerator telemetry data
+ ├── crash_log/ # Contains system crash telemetry logs
+ ├── per_core_environment_telemetry/ # Environmental telemetry per core
+ ├── per_core_performance_telemetry/ # Performance telemetry per core
+ ├── per_rmid_energy_telemetry/ # Energy telemetry for RMIDs
+ ├── per_rmid_perf_telemetry/ # Performance telemetry for RMIDs
+ ├── tpmi_control/ # TPMI-related controls and telemetry
+ ├── tracing/ # PMT tracing features
+ └── uncore_telemetry/ # Uncore telemetry data
+
+Common Files (Present in all feature directories):
+
+ caps
+ - Read-only
+ - Lists available capabilities for this feature.
+
+ guids
+ - Read-only
+ - Lists GUIDs associated with this feature.
+
+Additional Attributes (Conditional Presence):
+
+ max_command_size
+ - Read-only
+ - Present if the feature supports out-of-band MCTP access.
+ - Maximum supported MCTP command size for out-of-band PMT access (bytes).
+
+ max_stream_size
+ - Read-only
+ - Present if the feature supports out-of-band MCTP access.
+ - Maximum supported MCTP stream size (bytes).
+
+ min_watcher_period_ms
+ - Read-only
+ - Present if the feature supports the watcher API.
+ The watcher API provides a writable control interface that allows user
+ configuration of monitoring behavior, such as setting the sampling or
+ reporting interval.
+ - Minimum supported time period for the watcher interface (milliseconds).
+
+ num_rmids
+ - Read-only
+ - Present if the feature supports RMID (Resource Monitoring ID) telemetry.
+ RMIDs are identifiers used by hardware to track and report resource usage,
+ such as memory bandwidth or energy consumption, on a per-logical-entity
+ basis (e.g., per core, thread, or process group).
+ - Maximum number of RMIDs tracked simultaneously.
+
+Example:
+For a device with PCI BDF `0000:00:03.1`, the directory tree could look like:
+
+ /sys/class/intel_pmt/features-0000:00:03.1/
+ ├── accelerator_telemetry/
+ │ ├── caps
+ │ ├── guids
+ │ ├── max_command_size
+ │ ├── max_stream_size
+ │ ├── min_watcher_period_ms
+ ├── crash_log/
+ │ ├── caps
+ │ ├── guids
+ │ ├── max_command_size
+ │ ├── max_stream_size
+ ├── per_core_environment_telemetry/
+ │ ├── caps
+ │ ├── guids
+ │ ├── max_command_size
+ │ ├── max_stream_size
+ │ ├── min_watcher_period_ms
+ ├── per_rmid_energy_telemetry/
+ │ ├── caps
+ │ ├── guids
+ │ ├── max_command_size
+ │ ├── max_stream_size
+ │ ├── min_watcher_period_ms
+ │ ├── num_rmids
+ ├── tpmi_control/
+ │ ├── caps
+ │ ├── guids
+ ├── tracing/
+ │ ├── caps
+ │ ├── guids
+ ├── uncore_telemetry/
+ │ ├── caps
+ │ ├── guids
+ │ ├── max_command_size
+ │ ├── max_stream_size
+ │ ├── min_watcher_period_ms
+
+Notes:
+ - Some attributes are only present if the corresponding feature supports
+ the capability (e.g., `max_command_size` for MCTP-capable features).
+ - Features supporting RMIDs include `num_rmids`.
+ - Features supporting the watcher API include `min_watcher_period_ms`.
+ - The `caps` file provides additional information about the functionality
+ of the feature.
+
+Example 'caps' content for the 'tracing' feature:
+
+ /sys/class/intel_pmt/features-0000:00:03.1/
+ ├── tracing/
+ │ ├── caps
+
+ telemetry Available: No
+ watcher Available: Yes
+ crashlog Available: No
+ streaming Available: No
+ threashold Available: No
+ window Available: No
+ config Available: Yes
+ tracing Available: No
+ inband Available: Yes
+ oob Available: Yes
+ secure_chan Available: No
+ pmt_sp Available: Yes
+ pmt_sp_policy Available: Yes
+ mailbox Available: Yes
+ bios_lock Available: Yes
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-iommu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-iommu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d0a1b4be82d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-iommu
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/class/iommu/<iommu>/devices/
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ IOMMU drivers are able to link devices managed by a
+ given IOMMU here to allow association of IOMMU to
+ device.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../iommu
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ IOMMU drivers are able to link the IOMMU for a
+ given device here to allow association of device to
+ IOMMU.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-iommu-amd-iommu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-iommu-amd-iommu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d6ba8e8a4a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-iommu-amd-iommu
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /sys/class/iommu/<iommu>/amd-iommu/cap
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ IOMMU capability header as documented in the AMD IOMMU
+ specification. Format: %x
+
+What: /sys/class/iommu/<iommu>/amd-iommu/features
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ Extended features of the IOMMU. Format: %llx
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-iommu-intel-iommu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-iommu-intel-iommu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..258cc246d98e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-iommu-intel-iommu
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+What: /sys/class/iommu/<iommu>/intel-iommu/address
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ Physical address of the VT-d DRHD for this IOMMU.
+ Format: %llx. This allows association of a sysfs
+ intel-iommu with a DMAR DRHD table entry.
+
+What: /sys/class/iommu/<iommu>/intel-iommu/cap
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ The cached hardware capability register value
+ of this DRHD unit. Format: %llx.
+
+What: /sys/class/iommu/<iommu>/intel-iommu/ecap
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ The cached hardware extended capability register
+ value of this DRHD unit. Format: %llx.
+
+What: /sys/class/iommu/<iommu>/intel-iommu/version
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ The architecture version as reported from the
+ VT-d VER_REG. Format: %d:%d, major:minor
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-lcd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-lcd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..35906bf7aa70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-lcd
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What: /sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/lcd_power
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Control LCD power, values are FB_BLANK_* from fb.h
+ - FB_BLANK_UNBLANK (0) : power on.
+ - FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN (4) : power off
+
+What: /sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/contrast
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Current contrast of this LCD device. Value is between 0 and
+ /sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/max_contrast.
+
+What: /sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/max_contrast
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Maximum contrast for this LCD device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0313b82644f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/brightness
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Set the brightness of the LED.
+
+ Most LEDs don't have hardware brightness support, so will
+ just be turned on for non-zero brightness settings.
+
+ .. Note::
+
+ For multicolor LEDs, writing to this file will update all
+ LEDs within the group to a calculated percentage of what
+ each color LED intensity is set to.
+
+ The percentage is calculated for each grouped LED via
+ the equation below::
+
+ led_brightness = brightness * multi_intensity/max_brightness
+
+ For additional details please refer to
+ Documentation/leds/leds-class-multicolor.rst.
+
+ The value is between 0 and
+ /sys/class/leds/<led>/max_brightness.
+
+ Writing 0 to this file clears active trigger.
+
+ Writing non-zero to this file while trigger is active changes the
+ top brightness trigger is going to use.
+
+
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/max_brightness
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Maximum brightness level for this LED, default is 255 (LED_FULL).
+
+ If the LED does not support different brightness levels, this
+ should be 1.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/brightness_hw_changed
+Date: January 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Description:
+ Last hardware set brightness level for this LED. Some LEDs
+ may be changed autonomously by hardware/firmware. Only LEDs
+ where this happens and the driver can detect this, will have
+ this file.
+
+ This file supports poll() to detect when the hardware changes
+ the brightness.
+
+ Reading this file will return the last brightness level set
+ by the hardware, this may be different from the current
+ brightness. Reading this file when no hw brightness change
+ event has happened will return an ENODATA error.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/trigger
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Set the trigger for this LED. A trigger is a kernel based source
+ of LED events.
+
+ You can change triggers in a similar manner to the way an IO
+ scheduler is chosen. Trigger specific parameters can appear in
+ /sys/class/leds/<led> once a given trigger is selected. For
+ their documentation see `sysfs-class-led-trigger-*`.
+
+ Writing "none" removes the trigger for this LED.
+
+ Writing "default" sets the trigger to the LED's default trigger
+ (which would often be configured in the device tree for the
+ hardware).
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/inverted
+Date: January 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Invert the LED on/off state. This parameter is specific to
+ gpio and backlight triggers. In case of the backlight trigger,
+ it is useful when driving a LED which is intended to indicate
+ a device in a standby like state.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-driver-aw200xx b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-driver-aw200xx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d4449cf9d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-driver-aw200xx
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/dim
+Date: May 2023
+Description: 64-level DIM current. If you write a negative value or
+ "auto", the dim will be calculated according to the
+ brightness.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-driver-lm3533 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-driver-lm3533
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e38a835d0a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-driver-lm3533
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/als_channel
+Date: May 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set the ALS output channel to use as input in
+ ALS-current-control mode (1, 2), where:
+
+ == ============
+ 1 out_current1
+ 2 out_current2
+ == ============
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/als_en
+Date: May 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Enable ALS-current-control mode (0, 1).
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/falltime
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/risetime
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set the pattern generator fall and rise times (0..7), where:
+
+ == =======
+ 0 2048 us
+ 1 262 ms
+ 2 524 ms
+ 3 1.049 s
+ 4 2.097 s
+ 5 4.194 s
+ 6 8.389 s
+ 7 16.78 s
+ == =======
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/id
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Get the id of this led (0..3).
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/linear
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set the brightness-mapping mode (0, 1), where:
+
+ == ================
+ 0 exponential mode
+ 1 linear mode
+ == ================
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/pwm
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set the PWM-input control mask (5 bits), where:
+
+ ===== ===========================
+ bit 5 PWM-input enabled in Zone 4
+ bit 4 PWM-input enabled in Zone 3
+ bit 3 PWM-input enabled in Zone 2
+ bit 2 PWM-input enabled in Zone 1
+ bit 1 PWM-input enabled in Zone 0
+ bit 0 PWM-input enabled
+ ===== ===========================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-driver-turris-omnia b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-driver-turris-omnia
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..369b4ae8be5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-driver-turris-omnia
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/device/brightness
+Date: July 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.9
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RW) On the front panel of the Turris Omnia router there is also
+ a button which can be used to control the intensity of all the
+ LEDs at once, so that if they are too bright, user can dim them.
+
+ The microcontroller cycles between 8 levels of this global
+ brightness (from 100% to 0%), but this setting can have any
+ integer value between 0 and 100. It is therefore convenient to be
+ able to change this setting from software.
+
+ Format: %i
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/device/gamma_correction
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (RW) Newer versions of the microcontroller firmware of the
+ Turris Omnia router support gamma correction for the RGB LEDs.
+ This feature can be enabled/disabled by writing to this file.
+
+ If the feature is not supported because the MCU firmware is too
+ old, the file always reads as 0, and writing to the file results
+ in the EOPNOTSUPP error.
+
+ Format: %i
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-flash b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-flash
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11e5677c3672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-flash
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/flash_brightness
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Jacek Anaszewski <j.anaszewski@samsung.com>
+Description: read/write
+ Set the brightness of this LED in the flash strobe mode, in
+ microamperes. The file is created only for the flash LED devices
+ that support setting flash brightness.
+
+ The value is between 0 and
+ /sys/class/leds/<led>/max_flash_brightness.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/max_flash_brightness
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Jacek Anaszewski <j.anaszewski@samsung.com>
+Description: read only
+ Maximum brightness level for this LED in the flash strobe mode,
+ in microamperes.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/flash_timeout
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Jacek Anaszewski <j.anaszewski@samsung.com>
+Description: read/write
+ Hardware timeout for flash, in microseconds. The flash strobe
+ is stopped after this period of time has passed from the start
+ of the strobe. The file is created only for the flash LED
+ devices that support setting flash timeout.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/max_flash_timeout
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Jacek Anaszewski <j.anaszewski@samsung.com>
+Description: read only
+ Maximum flash timeout for this LED, in microseconds.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/flash_strobe
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Jacek Anaszewski <j.anaszewski@samsung.com>
+Description: read/write
+ Flash strobe state. When written with 1 it triggers flash strobe
+ and when written with 0 it turns the flash off.
+
+ On read 1 means that flash is currently strobing and 0 means
+ that flash is off.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/flash_fault
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Jacek Anaszewski <j.anaszewski@samsung.com>
+Description: read only
+ Space separated list of flash faults that may have occurred.
+ Flash faults are re-read after strobing the flash. Possible
+ flash faults:
+
+ * led-over-voltage
+ flash controller voltage to the flash LED
+ has exceeded the limit specific to the flash controller
+ * flash-timeout-exceeded
+ the flash strobe was still on when
+ the timeout set by the user has expired; not all flash
+ controllers may set this in all such conditions
+ * controller-over-temperature
+ the flash controller has
+ overheated
+ * controller-short-circuit
+ the short circuit protection
+ of the flash controller has been triggered
+ * led-power-supply-over-current
+ current in the LED power
+ supply has exceeded the limit specific to the flash
+ controller
+ * indicator-led-fault
+ the flash controller has detected
+ a short or open circuit condition on the indicator LED
+ * led-under-voltage
+ flash controller voltage to the flash
+ LED has been below the minimum limit specific to
+ the flash
+ * controller-under-voltage
+ the input voltage of the flash
+ controller is below the limit under which strobing the
+ flash at full current will not be possible;
+ the condition persists until this flag is no longer set
+ * led-over-temperature
+ the temperature of the LED has exceeded
+ its allowed upper limit
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-multicolor b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-multicolor
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..16fc827b10cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-multicolor
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/multi_index
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.9
+Contact: Dan Murphy <dmurphy@ti.com>
+Description: read
+ The multi_index array, when read, will output the LED colors
+ as an array of strings as they are indexed in the
+ multi_intensity file.
+
+ For additional details please refer to
+ Documentation/leds/leds-class-multicolor.rst.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/multi_intensity
+Date: March 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.9
+Contact: Dan Murphy <dmurphy@ti.com>
+Description: read/write
+ This file contains array of integers. Order of components is
+ described by the multi_index array. The maximum intensity should
+ not exceed /sys/class/leds/<led>/max_brightness.
+
+ For additional details please refer to
+ Documentation/leds/leds-class-multicolor.rst.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-netdev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-netdev
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ed46b37ab8a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-netdev
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/device_name
+Date: Dec 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the network device name to monitor.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/interval
+Date: Dec 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the duration of the LED blink in milliseconds.
+ Defaults to 50 ms.
+
+ When offloaded is true, the interval value MUST be set to the
+ default value and cannot be changed.
+ Trying to set any value in this specific mode will return
+ an EINVAL error.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/link
+Date: Dec 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal the link state of the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED's normal state is off.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED's normal state reflects the link state
+ of the named network device.
+ Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/tx
+Date: Dec 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal transmission of data on the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED will not blink on transmission.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED will blink for the milliseconds specified
+ in interval to signal transmission.
+
+ When offloaded is true, the blink interval is controlled by
+ hardware and won't reflect the value set in interval.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/rx
+Date: Dec 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal reception of data on the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED will not blink on reception.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED will blink for the milliseconds specified
+ in interval to signal reception.
+
+ When offloaded is true, the blink interval is controlled by
+ hardware and won't reflect the value set in interval.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/offloaded
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Communicate whether the LED trigger modes are offloaded to
+ hardware or whether software fallback is used.
+
+ If 0, the LED is using software fallback to blink.
+
+ If 1, the LED blinking in requested mode is offloaded to
+ hardware.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/link_10
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal the link speed state of 10Mbps of the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED's normal state is off.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED's normal state reflects the link state
+ speed of 10MBps of the named network device.
+ Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
+
+ Present only if the named network device supports 10Mbps link speed.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/link_100
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal the link speed state of 100Mbps of the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED's normal state is off.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED's normal state reflects the link state
+ speed of 100Mbps of the named network device.
+ Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
+
+ Present only if the named network device supports 100Mbps link speed.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/link_1000
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal the link speed state of 1000Mbps of the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED's normal state is off.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED's normal state reflects the link state
+ speed of 1000Mbps of the named network device.
+ Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
+
+ Present only if the named network device supports 1000Mbps link speed.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/link_2500
+Date: Nov 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal the link speed state of 2500Mbps of the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED's normal state is off.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED's normal state reflects the link state
+ speed of 2500Mbps of the named network device.
+ Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
+
+ Present only if the named network device supports 2500Mbps link speed.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/link_5000
+Date: Nov 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal the link speed state of 5000Mbps of the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED's normal state is off.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED's normal state reflects the link state
+ speed of 5000Mbps of the named network device.
+ Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
+
+ Present only if the named network device supports 5000Mbps link speed.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/link_10000
+Date: Nov 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal the link speed state of 10000Mbps of the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED's normal state is off.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED's normal state reflects the link state
+ speed of 10000Mbps of the named network device.
+ Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
+
+ Present only if the named network device supports 10000Mbps link speed.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/half_duplex
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal the link half duplex state of the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED's normal state is off.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED's normal state reflects the link half
+ duplex state of the named network device.
+ Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/full_duplex
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Signal the link full duplex state of the named network device.
+
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED's normal state is off.
+
+ If set to 1, the LED's normal state reflects the link full
+ duplex state of the named network device.
+ Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-oneshot b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-oneshot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..378a3a4df3c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-oneshot
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/delay_on
+Date: Jun 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.6
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies for how many milliseconds the LED has to stay at
+ LED_FULL brightness after it has been armed.
+ Defaults to 100 ms.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/delay_off
+Date: Jun 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.6
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies for how many milliseconds the LED has to stay at
+ LED_OFF brightness after it has been armed.
+ Defaults to 100 ms.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/invert
+Date: Jun 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.6
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reverse the blink logic. If set to 0 (default) blink on for
+ delay_on ms, then blink off for delay_off ms, leaving the LED
+ normally off. If set to 1, blink off for delay_off ms, then
+ blink on for delay_on ms, leaving the LED normally on.
+ Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/shot
+Date: Jun 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.6
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Write any non-empty string to signal an events, this starts a
+ blink sequence if not already running.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-pattern b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-pattern
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..22f28f2e9ac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-pattern
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/pattern
+Date: September 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.20
+Description:
+ Specify a software pattern for the LED, that supports altering
+ the brightness for the specified duration with one software
+ timer. It can do gradual dimming and step change of brightness.
+
+ The pattern is given by a series of tuples, of brightness and
+ duration (ms).
+
+ The exact format is described in:
+ Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/leds-trigger-pattern.txt
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/hr_pattern
+Date: April 2024
+Description:
+ Specify a software pattern for the LED, that supports altering
+ the brightness for the specified duration with one software
+ timer. It can do gradual dimming and step change of brightness.
+
+ Unlike the /sys/class/leds/<led>/pattern, this attribute runs
+ a pattern on high-resolution timer (hrtimer).
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/hw_pattern
+Date: September 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.20
+Description:
+ Specify a hardware pattern for the LED, for LED hardware that
+ supports autonomously controlling brightness over time, according
+ to some preprogrammed hardware patterns. It deactivates any active
+ software pattern.
+
+ Since different LED hardware can have different semantics of
+ hardware patterns, each driver is expected to provide its own
+ description for the hardware patterns in their documentation
+ file at Documentation/leds/.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/repeat
+Date: September 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.20
+Description:
+ Specify a pattern repeat number. -1 means repeat indefinitely,
+ other negative numbers and number 0 are invalid.
+
+ This file will always return the originally written repeat
+ number.
+
+ It should be noticed that some leds, like EL15203000 may
+ only support indefinitely patterns, so they always store -1.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-tty b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-tty
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..308fbc3627cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-tty
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<tty_led>/ttyname
+Date: Dec 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the tty device name of the triggering tty
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<tty_led>/rx
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Description:
+ Signal reception (rx) of data on the named tty device.
+ If set to 0, the LED will not blink on reception.
+ If set to 1 (default), the LED will blink on reception.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<tty_led>/tx
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Description:
+ Signal transmission (tx) of data on the named tty device.
+ If set to 0, the LED will not blink on transmission.
+ If set to 1 (default), the LED will blink on transmission.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<tty_led>/cts
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Description:
+ CTS = Clear To Send
+ DCE is ready to accept data from the DTE.
+ If the line state is detected, the LED is switched on.
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED will not evaluate CTS.
+ If set to 1, the LED will evaluate CTS.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<tty_led>/dsr
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Description:
+ DSR = Data Set Ready
+ DCE is ready to receive and send data.
+ If the line state is detected, the LED is switched on.
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED will not evaluate DSR.
+ If set to 1, the LED will evaluate DSR.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<tty_led>/dcd
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Description:
+ DCD = Data Carrier Detect
+ DTE is receiving a carrier from the DCE.
+ If the line state is detected, the LED is switched on.
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED will not evaluate CAR (DCD).
+ If set to 1, the LED will evaluate CAR (DCD).
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<tty_led>/rng
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Description:
+ RNG = Ring Indicator
+ DCE has detected an incoming ring signal on the telephone
+ line. If the line state is detected, the LED is switched on.
+ If set to 0 (default), the LED will not evaluate RNG.
+ If set to 1, the LED will evaluate RNG.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-usbport b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-usbport
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..eb81152b8348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-usbport
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/ports/<port>
+Date: September 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
+ linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Every dir entry represents a single USB port that can be
+ selected for the USB port trigger. Selecting ports makes trigger
+ observing them for any connected devices and lighting on LED if
+ there are any.
+
+ Echoing "1" value selects USB port. Echoing "0" unselects it.
+ Current state can be also read.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-leds-gt683r b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-leds-gt683r
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b57ffb26e722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-leds-gt683r
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/gt683r/mode
+Date: Jun 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Janne Kanniainen <janne.kanniainen@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Set the mode of LEDs. You should notice that changing the mode
+ of one LED will update the mode of its two sibling devices as
+ well. Possible values are:
+
+ == =========
+ 0 normal
+ 1 audio
+ 2 breathing
+ == =========
+
+ Normal: LEDs are fully on when enabled
+ Audio: LEDs brightness depends on sound level
+ Breathing: LEDs brightness varies at human breathing rate
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mei b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mei
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1db36ddf8e58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mei
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+What: /sys/class/mei/
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The mei/ class sub-directory belongs to mei device class
+
+
+What: /sys/class/mei/mei<N>/
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/mei/meiN directory is created for
+ each probed mei device
+
+What: /sys/class/mei/mei<N>/fw_status
+Date: Nov 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Display fw status registers content
+
+ The ME FW writes its status information into fw status
+ registers for BIOS and OS to monitor fw health.
+
+ The register contains running state, power management
+ state, error codes, and others. The way the registers
+ are decoded depends on PCH or SoC generation.
+ Also number of registers varies between 1 and 6
+ depending on generation.
+
+What: /sys/class/mei/mei<N>/hbm_ver
+Date: Aug 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Display the negotiated HBM protocol version.
+
+ The HBM protocol version negotiated
+ between the driver and the device.
+
+What: /sys/class/mei/mei<N>/hbm_ver_drv
+Date: Aug 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Display the driver HBM protocol version.
+
+ The HBM protocol version supported by the driver.
+
+What: /sys/class/mei/mei<N>/tx_queue_limit
+Date: Jan 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Configure tx queue limit
+
+ Set maximal number of pending writes
+ per opened session.
+
+What: /sys/class/mei/mei<N>/fw_ver
+Date: May 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.18
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Display the ME firmware version.
+
+ The version of the platform ME firmware is in format:
+ <platform>:<major>.<minor>.<milestone>.<build_no>.
+ There can be up to three such blocks for different
+ FW components.
+
+What: /sys/class/mei/mei<N>/dev_state
+Date: Mar 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Display the ME device state.
+
+ The device state can have following values:
+ INITIALIZING
+ INIT_CLIENTS
+ ENABLED
+ RESETTING
+ DISABLED
+ POWER_DOWN
+ POWER_UP
+
+What: /sys/class/mei/mei<N>/trc
+Date: Nov 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Display trc status register content
+
+ The ME FW writes Glitch Detection HW (TRC)
+ status information into trc status register
+ for BIOS and OS to monitor fw health.
+
+What: /sys/class/mei/mei<N>/kind
+Date: Jul 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description: Display kind of the device
+
+ Generic devices are marked as "mei"
+ while special purpose have their own
+ names.
+ Available options:
+ - mei: generic mei device.
+ - itouch: itouch (ipts) mei device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mic b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mic
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5e5f36d10055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mic
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+What: /sys/class/mic/
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The mic class directory belongs to Intel MIC devices and
+ provides information per MIC device. An Intel MIC device is a
+ PCIe form factor add-in Coprocessor card based on the Intel Many
+ Integrated Core (MIC) architecture that runs a Linux OS.
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The directories /sys/class/mic/mic0, /sys/class/mic/mic1 etc.,
+ represent MIC devices (0,1,..etc). Each directory has
+ information specific to that MIC device.
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/family
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Provides information about the Coprocessor family for an Intel
+ MIC device. For example - "x100"
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/stepping
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Provides information about the silicon stepping for an Intel
+ MIC device. For example - "A0" or "B0"
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/state
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ When read, this entry provides the current state of an Intel
+ MIC device in the context of the card OS. Possible values that
+ will be read are:
+
+
+ =============== ===============================================
+ "ready" The MIC device is ready to boot the card OS.
+ On reading this entry after an OSPM resume,
+ a "boot" has to be written to this entry if
+ the card was previously shutdown during OSPM
+ suspend.
+ "booting" The MIC device has initiated booting a card OS.
+ "online" The MIC device has completed boot and is online
+ "shutting_down" The card OS is shutting down.
+ "resetting" A reset has been initiated for the MIC device
+ "reset_failed" The MIC device has failed to reset.
+ =============== ===============================================
+
+ When written, this sysfs entry triggers different state change
+ operations depending upon the current state of the card OS.
+ Acceptable values are:
+
+
+ ========== ===================================================
+ "boot" Boot the card OS image specified by the combination
+ of firmware, ramdisk, cmdline and bootmode
+ sysfs entries.
+ "reset" Initiates device reset.
+ "shutdown" Initiates card OS shutdown.
+ ========== ===================================================
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/shutdown_status
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ An Intel MIC device runs a Linux OS during its operation. This
+ OS can shutdown because of various reasons. When read, this
+ entry provides the status on why the card OS was shutdown.
+ Possible values are:
+
+ ========== ===================================================
+ "nop" shutdown status is not applicable, when the card OS
+ is "online"
+ "crashed" Shutdown because of a HW or SW crash.
+ "halted" Shutdown because of a halt command.
+ "poweroff" Shutdown because of a poweroff command.
+ "restart" Shutdown because of a restart command.
+ ========== ===================================================
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/cmdline
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ An Intel MIC device runs a Linux OS during its operation. Before
+ booting this card OS, it is possible to pass kernel command line
+ options to configure various features in it, similar to
+ self-bootable machines. When read, this entry provides
+ information about the current kernel command line options set to
+ boot the card OS. This entry can be written to change the
+ existing kernel command line options. Typically, the user would
+ want to read the current command line options, append new ones
+ or modify existing ones and then write the whole kernel command
+ line back to this entry.
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/firmware
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ When read, this sysfs entry provides the path name under
+ /lib/firmware/ where the firmware image to be booted on the
+ card can be found. The entry can be written to change the
+ firmware image location under /lib/firmware/.
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/ramdisk
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ When read, this sysfs entry provides the path name under
+ /lib/firmware/ where the ramdisk image to be used during card
+ OS boot can be found. The entry can be written to change
+ the ramdisk image location under /lib/firmware/.
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/bootmode
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ When read, this sysfs entry provides the current bootmode for
+ the card. This sysfs entry can be written with the following
+ valid strings:
+ a) linux - Boot a Linux image.
+ b) flash - Boot an image for flash updates.
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/log_buf_addr
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ An Intel MIC device runs a Linux OS during its operation. For
+ debugging purpose and early kernel boot messages, the user can
+ access the card OS log buffer via debugfs. When read, this entry
+ provides the kernel virtual address of the buffer where the card
+ OS log buffer can be read. This entry is written by the host
+ configuration daemon to set the log buffer address. The correct
+ log buffer address to be written can be found in the System.map
+ file of the card OS.
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/log_buf_len
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: Sudeep Dutt <sudeep.dutt@intel.com>
+Description:
+ An Intel MIC device runs a Linux OS during its operation. For
+ debugging purpose and early kernel boot messages, the user can
+ access the card OS log buffer via debugfs. When read, this entry
+ provides the kernel virtual address where the card OS log buffer
+ length can be read. This entry is written by host configuration
+ daemon to set the log buffer length address. The correct log
+ buffer length address to be written can be found in the
+ System.map file of the card OS.
+
+What: /sys/class/mic/mic<X>/heartbeat_enable
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Ashutosh Dixit <ashutosh.dixit@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The MIC drivers detect and inform user space about card crashes
+ via a heartbeat mechanism (see the description of
+ shutdown_status above). User space can turn off this
+ notification by setting heartbeat_enable to 0 and enable it by
+ setting this entry to 1. If this notification is disabled it is
+ the responsibility of user space to detect card crashes via
+ alternative means such as a network ping. This setting is
+ enabled by default.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mtd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mtd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f77fa4f6d465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mtd
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+What: /sys/class/mtd/
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ The mtd/ class subdirectory belongs to the MTD subsystem
+ (MTD core).
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/mtd/mtd{0,1,2,3,...} directories correspond
+ to each /dev/mtdX character device. These may represent
+ physical/simulated flash devices, partitions on a flash
+ device, or concatenated flash devices.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdXro/
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ These directories provide the corresponding read-only device
+ nodes for /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/ .
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/dev
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Major and minor numbers of the character device corresponding
+ to this MTD device (in <major>:<minor> format). This is the
+ read-write device so <minor> will be even.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdXro/dev
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Major and minor numbers of the character device corresponding
+ to the read-only variant of the MTD device (in
+ <major>:<minor> format). In this case <minor> will be odd.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/erasesize
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ "Major" erase size for the device. If numeraseregions is
+ zero, this is the eraseblock size for the entire device.
+ Otherwise, the MEMGETREGIONCOUNT/MEMGETREGIONINFO ioctls
+ can be used to determine the actual eraseblock layout.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/flags
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ A hexadecimal value representing the device flags, ORed
+ together:
+
+ 0x0400: MTD_WRITEABLE - device is writable
+ 0x0800: MTD_BIT_WRITEABLE - single bits can be flipped
+ 0x1000: MTD_NO_ERASE - no erase necessary
+ 0x2000: MTD_POWERUP_LOCK - always locked after reset
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/name
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ A human-readable ASCII name for the device or partition.
+ This will match the name in /proc/mtd .
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/numeraseregions
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ For devices that have variable eraseblock sizes, this
+ provides the total number of erase regions. Otherwise,
+ it will read back as zero.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/oobsize
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Number of OOB bytes per page.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/size
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Total size of the device/partition, in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/type
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ One of the following ASCII strings, representing the device
+ type:
+
+ absent, ram, rom, nor, nand, mlc-nand, dataflash, ubi, unknown
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/writesize
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.29
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Minimal writable flash unit size. This will always be
+ a positive integer.
+
+ In the case of NOR flash it is 1 (even though individual
+ bits can be cleared).
+
+ In the case of NAND flash it is one NAND page (or a
+ half page, or a quarter page).
+
+ In the case of ECC NOR, it is the ECC block size.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/ecc_strength
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.4
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Maximum number of bit errors that the device is capable of
+ correcting within each region covering an ECC step (see
+ ecc_step_size). This will always be a non-negative integer.
+
+ In the case of devices lacking any ECC capability, it is 0.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/bitflip_threshold
+Date: April 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.4
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ This allows the user to examine and adjust the criteria by which
+ mtd returns -EUCLEAN from mtd_read() and mtd_read_oob(). If the
+ maximum number of bit errors that were corrected on any single
+ region comprising an ecc step (as reported by the driver) equals
+ or exceeds this value, -EUCLEAN is returned. Otherwise, absent
+ an error, 0 is returned. Higher layers (e.g., UBI) use this
+ return code as an indication that an erase block may be
+ degrading and should be scrutinized as a candidate for being
+ marked as bad.
+
+ The initial value may be specified by the flash device driver.
+ If not, then the default value is ecc_strength.
+
+ The introduction of this feature brings a subtle change to the
+ meaning of the -EUCLEAN return code. Previously, it was
+ interpreted to mean simply "one or more bit errors were
+ corrected". Its new interpretation can be phrased as "a
+ dangerously high number of bit errors were corrected on one or
+ more regions comprising an ecc step". The precise definition of
+ "dangerously high" can be adjusted by the user with
+ bitflip_threshold. Users are discouraged from doing this,
+ however, unless they know what they are doing and have intimate
+ knowledge of the properties of their device. Broadly speaking,
+ bitflip_threshold should be low enough to detect genuine erase
+ block degradation, but high enough to avoid the consequences of
+ a persistent return value of -EUCLEAN on devices where sticky
+ bitflips occur. Note that if bitflip_threshold exceeds
+ ecc_strength, -EUCLEAN is never returned by the read operations.
+ Conversely, if bitflip_threshold is zero, -EUCLEAN is always
+ returned, absent a hard error.
+
+ This is generally applicable only to NAND flash devices with ECC
+ capability. It is ignored on devices lacking ECC capability;
+ i.e., devices for which ecc_strength is zero.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/ecc_step_size
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.10
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ The size of a single region covered by ECC, known as the ECC
+ step. Devices may have several equally sized ECC steps within
+ each writesize region.
+
+ It will always be a non-negative integer. In the case of
+ devices lacking any ECC capability, it is 0.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/ecc_failures
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ The number of failures reported by this device's ECC. Typically,
+ these failures are associated with failed read operations.
+
+ It will always be a non-negative integer. In the case of
+ devices lacking any ECC capability, it is 0.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/corrected_bits
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ The number of bits that have been corrected by means of the
+ device's ECC.
+
+ It will always be a non-negative integer. In the case of
+ devices lacking any ECC capability, it is 0.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/bad_blocks
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ The number of blocks marked as bad, if any, in this partition.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/bbt_blocks
+Date: June 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ The number of blocks that are marked as reserved, if any, in
+ this partition. These are typically used to store the in-flash
+ bad block table (BBT).
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/offset
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.1
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ For a partition, the offset of that partition from the start
+ of the parent (another partition or a flash device) in bytes.
+ This attribute is absent on flash devices, so it can be used
+ to distinguish them from partitions.
+
+What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/oobavail
+Date: April 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Number of bytes available for a client to place data into
+ the out of band area.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mux b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mux
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c58b7b6e1aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mux
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: /sys/class/mux/
+Date: April 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Peter Rosin <peda@axentia.se>
+Description:
+ The mux/ class sub-directory belongs to the Generic MUX
+ Framework and provides a sysfs interface for using MUX
+ controllers.
+
+What: /sys/class/mux/muxchip<N>/
+Date: April 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Peter Rosin <peda@axentia.se>
+Description:
+ A /sys/class/mux/muxchipN directory is created for each
+ probed MUX chip where N is a simple enumeration.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ebf21beba846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/name_assign_type
+Date: July 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the name assignment type. Possible values are:
+
+ == ==========================================================
+ 1 enumerated by the kernel, possibly in an unpredictable way
+ 2 predictably named by the kernel
+ 3 named by userspace
+ 4 renamed
+ == ==========================================================
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/addr_assign_type
+Date: July 2010
+KernelVersion: 3.2
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the address assignment type. Possible values are:
+
+ == =============================
+ 0 permanent address
+ 1 randomly generated
+ 2 stolen from another device
+ 3 set using dev_set_mac_address
+ == =============================
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/addr_len
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the hardware address size in bytes.
+ Values vary based on the lower-level protocol used by the
+ interface (Ethernet, FDDI, ATM, IEEE 802.15.4...). See
+ include/uapi/linux/if_*.h for actual values.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/address
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Hardware address currently assigned to this interface.
+ Format is a string, e.g: 00:11:22:33:44:55 for an Ethernet MAC
+ address.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<bridge iface>/bridge/group_fwd_mask
+Date: January 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.2
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Bitmask to allow forwarding of link local frames with address
+ 01-80-C2-00-00-0X on a bridge device. Only values that set bits
+ not matching BR_GROUPFWD_RESTRICTED in net/bridge/br_private.h
+ allowed.
+ Default value 0 does not forward any link local frames.
+
+ Restricted bits:
+
+ == ========================================================
+ 0 01-80-C2-00-00-00 Bridge Group Address used for STP
+ 1 01-80-C2-00-00-01 (MAC Control) 802.3 used for MAC PAUSE
+ 2 01-80-C2-00-00-02 (Link Aggregation) 802.3ad
+ == ========================================================
+
+ Any values not setting these bits can be used. Take special
+ care when forwarding control frames e.g. 802.1X-PAE or LLDP.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/broadcast
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Hardware broadcast address for this interface. Format is a
+ string, e.g: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff for an Ethernet broadcast MAC
+ address.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/carrier
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the current physical link state of the interface.
+ Possible values are:
+
+ == =====================
+ 0 physical link is down
+ 1 physical link is up
+ == =====================
+
+ Note: some special devices, e.g: bonding and team drivers will
+ allow this attribute to be written to force a link state for
+ operating correctly and designating another fallback interface.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/dev_id
+Date: April 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the device unique identifier. Format is an hexadecimal
+ value. This is used to disambiguate interfaces which might be
+ stacked (e.g: VLAN interfaces) but still have the same MAC
+ address as their parent device.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/dev_port
+Date: February 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the port number of this network device, formatted
+ as a decimal value. Some NICs have multiple independent ports
+ on the same PCI bus, device and function. This attribute allows
+ userspace to distinguish the respective interfaces.
+
+ Note: some device drivers started to use 'dev_id' for this
+ purpose since long before 3.15 and have not adopted the new
+ attribute ever since. To query the port number, some tools look
+ exclusively at 'dev_port', while others only consult 'dev_id'.
+ If a network device has multiple client adapter ports as
+ described in the previous paragraph and does not set this
+ attribute to its port number, it's a kernel bug.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/dormant
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates whether the interface is in dormant state. Possible
+ values are:
+ 0: interface is not dormant
+ 1: interface is dormant
+
+ This attribute can be used by supplicant software to signal that
+ the device is not usable unless some supplicant-based
+ authentication is performed (e.g: 802.1x). 'link_mode' attribute
+ will also reflect the dormant state.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/testing
+Date: April 2002
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates whether the interface is under test. Possible
+ values are:
+
+ == =============================
+ 0 interface is not being tested
+ 1 interface is being tested
+ == =============================
+
+ When an interface is under test, it cannot be expected
+ to pass packets as normal.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/duplex
+Date: October 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.33
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface latest or current duplex value. Possible
+ values are:
+
+ ==== ===========
+ half half duplex
+ full full duplex
+ ==== ===========
+
+ Note: This attribute is only valid for interfaces that implement
+ the ethtool get_link_ksettings method (mostly Ethernet).
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/flags
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface flags as a bitmask in hexadecimal. See
+ include/uapi/linux/if.h for a list of all possible values and
+ the flags semantics.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/ifalias
+Date: September 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.28
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates/stores an interface alias name as a string. This can
+ be used for system management purposes.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/ifindex
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the system-wide interface unique index identifier as a
+ decimal number. This attribute is used for mapping an interface
+ identifier to an interface name. It is used throughout the
+ networking stack for specifying the interface specific
+ requests/events.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/iflink
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the system-wide interface unique index identifier a
+ the interface is linked to. Format is decimal. This attribute is
+ used to resolve interfaces chaining, linking and stacking.
+ Physical interfaces have the same 'ifindex' and 'iflink' values.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/link_mode
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface link mode, as a decimal number. This
+ attribute should be used in conjunction with 'dormant' attribute
+ to determine the interface usability. Possible values:
+
+ == =================
+ 0 default link mode
+ 1 dormant link mode
+ == =================
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/mtu
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface currently configured MTU value, in
+ bytes, and in decimal format. Specific values depends on the
+ lower-level interface protocol used. Ethernet devices will show
+ a 'mtu' attribute value of 1500 unless changed.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/netdev_group
+Date: January 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface network device group, as a decimal
+ integer. Default value is 0 which corresponds to the initial
+ network devices group. The group can be changed to affect
+ routing decisions (see: net/ipv4/fib_rules and
+ net/ipv6/fib6_rules.c).
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/operstate
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface RFC2863 operational state as a string.
+
+ Possible values are:
+
+ "unknown", "notpresent", "down", "lowerlayerdown", "testing",
+ "dormant", "up".
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/phys_port_id
+Date: July 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface unique physical port identifier within
+ the NIC, as a string.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/phys_port_name
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface physical port name within the NIC,
+ as a string.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/speed
+Date: October 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.33
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface latest or current speed value. Value is
+ an integer representing the link speed in Mbits/sec.
+
+ Note: this attribute is only valid for interfaces that implement
+ the ethtool get_link_ksettings method (mostly Ethernet).
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/tx_queue_len
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface transmit queue len in number of packets,
+ as an integer value. Value depend on the type of interface,
+ Ethernet network adapters have a default value of 1000 unless
+ configured otherwise
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/type
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the interface protocol type as a decimal value. See
+ include/uapi/linux/if_arp.h for all possible values.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/phys_switch_id
+Date: November 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the unique physical switch identifier of a switch this
+ port belongs to, as a string.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/phydev
+Date: May 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Symbolic link to the PHY device this network device is attached
+ to.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/carrier_changes
+Date: Mar 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ 32-bit unsigned integer counting the number of times the link has
+ seen a change from UP to DOWN and vice versa
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/carrier_up_count
+Date: Jan 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ 32-bit unsigned integer counting the number of times the link has
+ been up
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/carrier_down_count
+Date: Jan 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ 32-bit unsigned integer counting the number of times the link has
+ been down
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/threaded
+Date: Jan 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Boolean value to control the threaded mode per device. User could
+ set this value to enable/disable threaded mode for all napi
+ belonging to this device, without the need to do device up/down.
+
+ Possible values:
+ == ==================================
+ 0 threaded mode disabled for this dev
+ 1 threaded mode enabled for this dev
+ == ==================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-cdc_ncm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-cdc_ncm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..06416d0e163d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-cdc_ncm
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/min_tx_pkt
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ The driver will pad NCM Transfer Blocks (NTBs) longer
+ than this to tx_max, allowing the device to receive
+ tx_max sized frames with no terminating short
+ packet. NTBs shorter than this limit are transmitted
+ as-is, without any padding, and are terminated with a
+ short USB packet.
+
+ Padding to tx_max allows the driver to transmit NTBs
+ back-to-back without any interleaving short USB
+ packets. This reduces the number of short packet
+ interrupts in the device, and represents a tradeoff
+ between USB bus bandwidth and device DMA optimization.
+
+ Set to 0 to pad all frames. Set greater than tx_max to
+ disable all padding.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/ndp_to_end
+Date: Dec 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.5
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ Boolean attribute showing the status of the "NDP to
+ end" quirk. Defaults to 'N', except for devices
+ already known to need it enabled.
+
+ The "NDP to end" quirk makes the driver place the NDP
+ (the packet index table) after the payload. The NCM
+ specification does not mandate this, but some devices
+ are known to be more restrictive. Write 'Y' to this
+ attribute for temporary testing of a suspect device
+ failing to work with the default driver settings.
+
+ A device entry should be added to the driver if this
+ quirk is found to be required.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/rx_max
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ The maximum NTB size for RX. Cannot exceed the
+ maximum value supported by the device. Must allow at
+ least one max sized datagram plus headers.
+
+ The actual limits are device dependent. See
+ dwNtbInMaxSize.
+
+ Note: Some devices will silently ignore changes to
+ this value, resulting in oversized NTBs and
+ corresponding framing errors.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/tx_max
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ The maximum NTB size for TX. Cannot exceed the
+ maximum value supported by the device. Must allow at
+ least one max sized datagram plus headers.
+
+ The actual limits are device dependent. See
+ dwNtbOutMaxSize.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/tx_timer_usecs
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ Datagram aggregation timeout in µs. The driver will
+ wait up to 3 times this timeout for more datagrams to
+ aggregate before transmitting an NTB frame.
+
+ Valid range: 5 to 4000000
+
+ Set to 0 to disable aggregation.
+
+The following read-only attributes all represent fields of the
+structure defined in section 6.2.1 "GetNtbParameters" of "Universal
+Serial Bus Communications Class Subclass Specifications for Network
+Control Model Devices" (CDC NCM), Revision 1.0 (Errata 1), November
+24, 2010 from USB Implementers Forum, Inc. The descriptions are
+quoted from table 6-3 of CDC NCM: "NTB Parameter Structure".
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/bmNtbFormatsSupported
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ - Bit 0: 16-bit NTB supported (set to 1)
+ - Bit 1: 32-bit NTB supported
+ - Bits 2 – 15: reserved (reset to zero; must be ignored by host)
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/dwNtbInMaxSize
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ IN NTB Maximum Size in bytes
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/wNdpInDivisor
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ Divisor used for IN NTB Datagram payload alignment
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/wNdpInPayloadRemainder
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ Remainder used to align input datagram payload within
+ the NTB: (Payload Offset) mod (wNdpInDivisor) =
+ wNdpInPayloadRemainder
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/wNdpInAlignment
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ NDP alignment modulus for NTBs on the IN pipe. Shall
+ be a power of 2, and shall be at least 4.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/dwNtbOutMaxSize
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ OUT NTB Maximum Size
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/wNdpOutDivisor
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ OUT NTB Datagram alignment modulus
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/wNdpOutPayloadRemainder
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ Remainder used to align output datagram payload
+ offsets within the NTB: Padding, shall be transmitted
+ as zero by function, and ignored by host. (Payload
+ Offset) mod (wNdpOutDivisor) = wNdpOutPayloadRemainder
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/wNdpOutAlignment
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ NDP alignment modulus for use in NTBs on the OUT
+ pipe. Shall be a power of 2, and shall be at least 4.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/wNtbOutMaxDatagrams
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ Maximum number of datagrams that the host may pack
+ into a single OUT NTB. Zero means that the device
+ imposes no limit.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-dsa b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-dsa
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e2da26b44dd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-dsa
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/dsa/tagging
+Date: August 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.20
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ On read, this file returns a string indicating the type of
+ tagging protocol used by the DSA network devices that are
+ attached to this master interface.
+ On write, this file changes the tagging protocol of the
+ attached DSA switches, if this operation is supported by the
+ driver. Changing the tagging protocol must be done with the DSA
+ interfaces and the master interface all administratively down.
+ See the "name" field of each registered struct dsa_device_ops
+ for a list of valid values.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-grcan b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-grcan
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f418c92ca555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-grcan
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/grcan/enable0
+Date: October 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com>
+Description:
+ Hardware configuration of physical interface 0. This file reads
+ and writes the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register.
+ Possible values: 0 or 1. See the GRCAN chapter of the GRLIB IP
+ core library documentation for details. The default value is 0
+ or set by the module parameter grcan.enable0 and can be read at
+ /sys/module/grcan/parameters/enable0.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/grcan/enable1
+Date: October 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com>
+Description:
+ Hardware configuration of physical interface 1. This file reads
+ and writes the "Enable 1" bit of the configuration register.
+ Possible values: 0 or 1. See the GRCAN chapter of the GRLIB IP
+ core library documentation for details. The default value is 0
+ or set by the module parameter grcan.enable1 and can be read at
+ /sys/module/grcan/parameters/enable1.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/grcan/select
+Date: October 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com>
+Description:
+ Configuration of which physical interface to be used. Possible
+ values: 0 or 1. See the GRCAN chapter of the GRLIB IP core
+ library documentation for details. The default value is 0 or is
+ set by the module parameter grcan.select and can be read at
+ /sys/module/grcan/parameters/select.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-janz-ican3 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-janz-ican3
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fdbc03a2b8f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-janz-ican3
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/termination
+Date: May 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: Ira W. Snyder <ira.snyder@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Value representing the can bus termination
+
+ Default: 1 (termination active)
+ Reading: get actual termination state
+ Writing: set actual termination state (0=no termination, 1=termination active)
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/fwinfo
+Date: May 2015
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Andreas Gröger <andreas24groeger@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Firmware stamp of ican3 module
+ Read-only: 32 byte string identification of the ICAN3 module
+ (known values: "JANZ-ICAN3 ICANOS 1.xx", "JANZ-ICAN3 CAL/CANopen 1.xx")
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-peak_usb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-peak_usb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9e3d0bf4d4b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-peak_usb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/peak_usb/can_channel_id
+Date: November 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: Stephane Grosjean <s.grosjean@peak-system.com>
+Description:
+ PEAK PCAN-USB devices support user-configurable CAN channel
+ identifiers. Contrary to a USB serial number, these identifiers
+ are writable and can be set per CAN interface. This means that
+ if a USB device exports multiple CAN interfaces, each of them
+ can be assigned a unique channel ID.
+ This attribute provides read-only access to the currently
+ configured value of the channel identifier. Depending on the
+ device type, the identifier has a length of 8 or 32 bit. The
+ value read from this attribute is always an 8 digit 32 bit
+ hexadecimal value in big endian format. If the device only
+ supports an 8 bit identifier, the upper 24 bit of the value are
+ set to zero.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-phydev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-phydev
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..31615c59bff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-phydev
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/<bus>/<device>/attached_dev
+Date: May 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Symbolic link to the network device this PHY device is
+ attached to.
+
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/<bus>/<device>/phy_has_fixups
+Date: February 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute contains the boolean value whether a given PHY
+ device has had any "fixup" workaround running on it, encoded as
+ a boolean. This information is provided to help troubleshooting
+ PHY configurations.
+
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/<bus>/<device>/phy_id
+Date: November 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute contains the 32-bit PHY Identifier as reported
+ by the device during bus enumeration, encoded in hexadecimal.
+ This ID is used to match the device with the appropriate
+ driver.
+
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/<bus>/<device>/c45_phy_ids/mmd<n>_device_id
+Date: June 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.17
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute contains the 32-bit PHY Identifier as reported
+ by the device during bus enumeration, encoded in hexadecimal.
+ These C45 IDs are used to match the device with the appropriate
+ driver. These files are invisible to the C22 device.
+
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/<bus>/<device>/phy_interface
+Date: February 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This attribute contains the PHY interface as configured by the
+ Ethernet driver during bus enumeration, encoded in string.
+ This interface mode is used to configure the Ethernet MAC with the
+ appropriate mode for its data lines to the PHY hardware.
+
+ Possible values are:
+
+ <empty> (not available), mii, gmii, sgmii, tbi, rev-mii,
+ rmii, rgmii, rgmii-id, rgmii-rxid, rgmii-txid, rtbi, smii
+ xgmii, moca, qsgmii, trgmii, 1000base-x, 2500base-x, rxaui,
+ xaui, 10gbase-kr, unknown
+
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/<bus>/<device>/phy_standalone
+Date: May 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Boolean value indicating whether the PHY device is used in
+ standalone mode, without a net_device associated, by PHYLINK.
+ Attribute created only when this is the case.
+
+What: /sys/class/mdio_bus/<bus>/<device>/phy_dev_flags
+Date: March 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ 32-bit hexadecimal number representing a bit mask of the
+ configuration bits passed from the consumer of the PHY
+ (Ethernet MAC, switch, etc.) to the PHY driver. The flags are
+ only used internally by the kernel and their placement are
+ not meant to be stable across kernel versions. This is intended
+ for facilitating the debugging of PHY drivers.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-qmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-qmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b028f5bc86db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-qmi
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/qmi/raw_ip
+Date: Dec 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ Boolean. Default: 'N'
+
+ Set this to 'Y' to change the network device link
+ framing from '802.3' to 'raw-ip'.
+
+ The netdev will change to reflect the link framing
+ mode. The netdev is an ordinary ethernet device in
+ '802.3' mode, and the driver expects to exchange
+ frames with an ethernet header over the USB link. The
+ netdev is a headerless p-t-p device in 'raw-ip' mode,
+ and the driver expects to echange IPv4 or IPv6 packets
+ without any L2 header over the USB link.
+
+ Userspace is in full control of firmware configuration
+ through the delegation of the QMI protocol. Userspace
+ is responsible for coordination of driver and firmware
+ link framing mode, changing this setting to 'Y' if the
+ firmware is configured for 'raw-ip' mode.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/qmi/add_mux
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ Unsigned integer.
+
+ Write a number ranging from 1 to 254 to add a qmap mux
+ based network device, supported by recent Qualcomm based
+ modems.
+
+ The network device will be called qmimux.
+
+ Userspace is in charge of managing the qmux network device
+ activation and data stream setup on the modem side by
+ using the proper QMI protocol requests.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/qmi/del_mux
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
+Description:
+ Unsigned integer.
+
+ Write a number ranging from 1 to 254 to delete a previously
+ created qmap mux based network device.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<qmimux iface>/qmap/mux_id
+Date: January 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Daniele Palmas <dnlplm@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Unsigned integer
+
+ Indicates the mux id associated to the qmimux network interface
+ during its creation.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/qmi/pass_through
+Date: January 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Subash Abhinov Kasiviswanathan <quic_subashab@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ Boolean. Default: 'N'
+
+ Set this to 'Y' to enable 'pass-through' mode, allowing packets
+ in MAP format to be passed on to the stack.
+
+ Normally the rmnet driver (CONFIG_RMNET) is then used to process
+ and demultiplex these packets.
+
+ 'Pass-through' mode can be enabled when the device is in
+ 'raw-ip' mode only.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-queues b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-queues
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..84aa25e0d14d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-queues
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/rx-<queue>/rps_cpus
+Date: March 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Mask of the CPU(s) currently enabled to participate into the
+ Receive Packet Steering packet processing flow for this
+ network device queue. Possible values depend on the number
+ of available CPU(s) in the system.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/rx-<queue>/rps_flow_cnt
+Date: April 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Number of Receive Packet Steering flows being currently
+ processed by this particular network device receive queue.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/tx_timeout
+Date: November 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of transmit timeout events seen by this
+ network interface transmit queue.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/tx_maxrate
+Date: March 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.1
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A Mbps max-rate set for the queue, a value of zero means disabled,
+ default is disabled.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/xps_cpus
+Date: November 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Mask of the CPU(s) currently enabled to participate into the
+ Transmit Packet Steering packet processing flow for this
+ network device transmit queue. Possible values depend on the
+ number of available CPU(s) in the system.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/xps_rxqs
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.18.0
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Mask of the receive queue(s) currently enabled to participate
+ into the Transmit Packet Steering packet processing flow for this
+ network device transmit queue. Possible values depend on the
+ number of available receive queue(s) in the network device.
+ Default is disabled.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/byte_queue_limits/hold_time
+Date: November 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the hold time in milliseconds to measure the slack
+ of this particular network device transmit queue.
+ Default value is 1000.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/byte_queue_limits/inflight
+Date: November 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of bytes (objects) in flight on this
+ network device transmit queue.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/byte_queue_limits/limit
+Date: November 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the current limit of bytes allowed to be queued
+ on this network device transmit queue. This value is clamped
+ to be within the bounds defined by limit_max and limit_min.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/byte_queue_limits/limit_max
+Date: November 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the absolute maximum limit of bytes allowed to be
+ queued on this network device transmit queue. See
+ include/linux/dynamic_queue_limits.h for the default value.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/byte_queue_limits/limit_min
+Date: November 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the absolute minimum limit of bytes allowed to be
+ queued on this network device transmit queue. Default value is
+ 0.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/byte_queue_limits/stall_thrs
+Date: Jan 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Tx completion stall detection threshold in ms. Kernel will
+ guarantee to detect all stalls longer than this threshold but
+ may also detect stalls longer than half of the threshold.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/byte_queue_limits/stall_cnt
+Date: Jan 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Number of detected Tx completion stalls.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/queues/tx-<queue>/byte_queue_limits/stall_max
+Date: Jan 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Longest detected Tx completion stall. Write 0 to clear.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-statistics b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-statistics
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..53e508c6936a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-statistics
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/collisions
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of collisions seen by this network device.
+ This value might not be relevant with all MAC layers.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/multicast
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of multicast packets received by this
+ network device.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_bytes
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of bytes received by this network device.
+ See the network driver for the exact meaning of when this
+ value is incremented.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_compressed
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of compressed packets received by this
+ network device. This value might only be relevant for interfaces
+ that support packet compression (e.g: PPP).
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_crc_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packets received with a CRC (FCS) error
+ by this network device. Note that the specific meaning might
+ depend on the MAC layer used by the interface.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_dropped
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packets received by the network device
+ but dropped, that are not forwarded to the upper layers for
+ packet processing. See the network driver for the exact
+ meaning of this value.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of receive errors on this network device.
+ See the network driver for the exact meaning of this value.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_fifo_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of receive FIFO errors seen by this
+ network device. See the network driver for the exact
+ meaning of this value.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_frame_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of received frames with error, such as
+ alignment errors. Note that the specific meaning depends on
+ on the MAC layer protocol used. See the network driver for
+ the exact meaning of this value.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_length_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of received error packet with a length
+ error, oversized or undersized. See the network driver for the
+ exact meaning of this value.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_missed_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of received packets that have been missed
+ due to lack of capacity in the receive side. See the network
+ driver for the exact meaning of this value.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_nohandler
+Date: February 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of received packets that were dropped on
+ an inactive device by the network core.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_over_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of received packets that are oversized
+ compared to what the network device is configured to accept
+ (e.g: larger than MTU). See the network driver for the exact
+ meaning of this value.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/rx_packets
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the total number of good packets received by this
+ network device.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/tx_aborted_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packets that have been aborted
+ during transmission by a network device (e.g: because of
+ a medium collision). See the network driver for the exact
+ meaning of this value.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/tx_bytes
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of bytes transmitted by a network
+ device. See the network driver for the exact meaning of this
+ value, in particular whether this accounts for all successfully
+ transmitted packets or all packets that have been queued for
+ transmission.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/tx_carrier_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packets that could not be transmitted
+ because of carrier errors (e.g: physical link down). See the
+ network driver for the exact meaning of this value.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/tx_compressed
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of transmitted compressed packets. Note
+ this might only be relevant for devices that support
+ compression (e.g: PPP).
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/tx_dropped
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packets dropped during transmission.
+ See the driver for the exact reasons as to why the packets were
+ dropped.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/tx_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packets in error during transmission by
+ a network device. See the driver for the exact reasons as to
+ why the packets were dropped.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/tx_fifo_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packets having caused a transmit
+ FIFO error. See the driver for the exact reasons as to why the
+ packets were dropped.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/tx_heartbeat_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packets transmitted that have been
+ reported as heartbeat errors. See the driver for the exact
+ reasons as to why the packets were dropped.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/tx_packets
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packets transmitted by a network
+ device. See the driver for whether this reports the number of all
+ attempted or successful transmissions.
+
+What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/statistics/tx_window_errors
+Date: April 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.12
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates the number of packets not successfully transmitted
+ due to a window collision. The specific meaning depends on the
+ MAC layer used. On Ethernet this is usually used to report
+ late collisions errors.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-ocxl b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-ocxl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..847a7edc3113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-ocxl
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+What: /sys/class/ocxl/<afu name>/afu_version
+Date: January 2018
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Version of the AFU, in the format <major>:<minor>
+ Reflects what is read in the configuration space of the AFU
+
+What: /sys/class/ocxl/<afu name>/contexts
+Date: January 2018
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Number of contexts for the AFU, in the format <n>/<max>
+ where:
+
+ ==== ===============================================
+ n number of currently active contexts, for debug
+ max maximum number of contexts supported by the AFU
+ ==== ===============================================
+
+What: /sys/class/ocxl/<afu name>/pp_mmio_size
+Date: January 2018
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Size of the per-process mmio area, as defined in the
+ configuration space of the AFU
+
+What: /sys/class/ocxl/<afu name>/global_mmio_size
+Date: January 2018
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Size of the global mmio area, as defined in the
+ configuration space of the AFU
+
+What: /sys/class/ocxl/<afu name>/global_mmio_area
+Date: January 2018
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read/write
+ Give access the global mmio area for the AFU
+
+What: /sys/class/ocxl/<afu name>/reload_on_reset
+Date: February 2020
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read/write
+ Control whether the FPGA is reloaded on a link reset. Enabled
+ through a vendor-specific logic block on the FPGA.
+
+ =========== ===========================================
+ 0 Do not reload FPGA image from flash
+ 1 Reload FPGA image from flash
+ unavailable The device does not support this capability
+ =========== ===========================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pktcdvd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pktcdvd
deleted file mode 100644
index b1c3f0263359..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pktcdvd
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-What: /sys/class/pktcdvd/
-Date: Oct. 2006
-KernelVersion: 2.6.20
-Contact: Thomas Maier <balagi@justmail.de>
-Description:
-
-sysfs interface
----------------
-
-The pktcdvd module (packet writing driver) creates
-these files in the sysfs:
-(<devid> is in format major:minor )
-
-/sys/class/pktcdvd/
- add (0200) Write a block device id (major:minor)
- to create a new pktcdvd device and map
- it to the block device.
-
- remove (0200) Write the pktcdvd device id (major:minor)
- to it to remove the pktcdvd device.
-
- device_map (0444) Shows the device mapping in format:
- pktcdvd[0-7] <pktdevid> <blkdevid>
-
-/sys/class/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/
- dev (0444) Device id
- uevent (0200) To send an uevent.
-
-/sys/class/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/stat/
- packets_started (0444) Number of started packets.
- packets_finished (0444) Number of finished packets.
-
- kb_written (0444) kBytes written.
- kb_read (0444) kBytes read.
- kb_read_gather (0444) kBytes read to fill write packets.
-
- reset (0200) Write any value to it to reset
- pktcdvd device statistic values, like
- bytes read/written.
-
-/sys/class/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/write_queue/
- size (0444) Contains the size of the bio write
- queue.
-
- congestion_off (0644) If bio write queue size is below
- this mark, accept new bio requests
- from the block layer.
-
- congestion_on (0644) If bio write queue size is higher
- as this mark, do no longer accept
- bio write requests from the block
- layer and wait till the pktcdvd
- device has processed enough bio's
- so that bio write queue size is
- below congestion off mark.
- A value of <= 0 disables congestion
- control.
-
-
-Example:
---------
-To use the pktcdvd sysfs interface directly, you can do:
-
-# create a new pktcdvd device mapped to /dev/hdc
-echo "22:0" >/sys/class/pktcdvd/add
-cat /sys/class/pktcdvd/device_map
-# assuming device pktcdvd0 was created, look at stat's
-cat /sys/class/pktcdvd/pktcdvd0/stat/kb_written
-# print the device id of the mapped block device
-fgrep pktcdvd0 /sys/class/pktcdvd/device_map
-# remove device, using pktcdvd0 device id 253:0
-echo "253:0" >/sys/class/pktcdvd/remove
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-platform-profile b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-platform-profile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dc72adfb830a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-platform-profile
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+What: /sys/class/platform-profile/platform-profile-X/name
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.14
+Description: Name of the class device given by the driver.
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/platform-profile/platform-profile-X/choices
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.14
+Description: This file contains a space-separated list of profiles supported
+ for this device.
+
+ Drivers must use the following standard profile-names:
+
+ ==================== ========================================
+ low-power Low power consumption
+ cool Cooler operation
+ quiet Quieter operation
+ balanced Balance between low power consumption
+ and performance
+ balanced-performance Balance between performance and low
+ power consumption with a slight bias
+ towards performance
+ performance High performance operation
+ custom Driver defined custom profile
+ ==================== ========================================
+
+ RO
+
+What: /sys/class/platform-profile/platform-profile-X/profile
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.14
+Description: Reading this file gives the current selected profile for this
+ device. Writing this file with one of the strings from
+ platform_profile_choices changes the profile to the new value.
+
+ This file can be monitored for changes by polling for POLLPRI,
+ POLLPRI will be signaled on any changes, independent of those
+ changes coming from a userspace write; or coming from another
+ source such as e.g. a hotkey triggered profile change handled
+ either directly by the embedded-controller or fully handled
+ inside the kernel.
+
+ This file may also emit the string 'custom' to indicate
+ that the driver is using a driver defined custom profile.
+
+ RW
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4b21d5d23251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power
@@ -0,0 +1,905 @@
+**General Properties**
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/manufacturer
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the name of the device manufacturer.
+
+ Access: Read
+ Valid values: Represented as string
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/model_name
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the name of the device model.
+
+ Access: Read
+ Valid values: Represented as string
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/serial_number
+Date: January 2008
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the serial number of the device.
+
+ Access: Read
+ Valid values: Represented as string
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/type
+Date: May 2010
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Describes the main type of the supply.
+
+ Access: Read
+ Valid values: "Battery", "UPS", "Mains", "USB", "Wireless"
+
+**Battery and USB properties**
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/current_avg
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Battery:
+
+ Reports an average IBAT current reading for the battery, over
+ a fixed period. Normally devices will provide a fixed interval
+ in which they average readings to smooth out the reported
+ value.
+
+ USB:
+
+ Reports an average IBUS current reading over a fixed period.
+ Normally devices will provide a fixed interval in which they
+ average readings to smooth out the reported value.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microamps. Negative values are
+ used for discharging batteries, positive values for charging
+ batteries and for USB IBUS current.
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/current_max
+Date: October 2010
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Battery:
+
+ Reports the maximum IBAT current allowed into the battery.
+
+ USB:
+
+ Reports the maximum IBUS current the supply can support.
+
+ Access: Read
+ Valid values: Represented in microamps
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/current_now
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ Battery:
+
+ Reports an instant, single IBAT current reading for the
+ battery. This value is not averaged/smoothed.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ USB:
+
+ Reports the IBUS current supplied now. This value is generally
+ read-only reporting, unless the 'online' state of the supply
+ is set to be programmable, in which case this value can be set
+ within the reported min/max range.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microamps. Negative values are
+ used for discharging batteries, positive values for charging
+ batteries and for USB IBUS current.
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/temp
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Battery:
+
+ Reports the current TBAT battery temperature reading.
+
+ USB:
+
+ Reports the current supply temperature reading. This would
+ normally be the internal temperature of the device itself
+ (e.g TJUNC temperature of an IC)
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in 1/10 Degrees Celsius
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/temp_alert_max
+Date: July 2012
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Battery:
+
+ Maximum TBAT temperature trip-wire value where the supply will
+ notify user-space of the event.
+
+ USB:
+
+ Maximum supply temperature trip-wire value where the supply
+ will notify user-space of the event.
+
+ This is normally used for the charging scenario where
+ user-space needs to know if the temperature has crossed an
+ upper threshold so it can take appropriate action (e.g. warning
+ user that the temperature is critically high, and charging has
+ stopped).
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in 1/10 Degrees Celsius
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/temp_alert_min
+Date: July 2012
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+ Battery:
+
+ Minimum TBAT temperature trip-wire value where the supply will
+ notify user-space of the event.
+
+ USB:
+
+ Minimum supply temperature trip-wire value where the supply
+ will notify user-space of the event.
+
+ This is normally used for the charging scenario where user-space
+ needs to know if the temperature has crossed a lower threshold
+ so it can take appropriate action (e.g. warning user that
+ temperature level is high, and charging current has been
+ reduced accordingly to remedy the situation).
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in 1/10 Degrees Celsius
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/temp_max
+Date: July 2014
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Battery:
+
+ Reports the maximum allowed TBAT battery temperature for
+ charging.
+
+ USB:
+
+ Reports the maximum allowed supply temperature for operation.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in 1/10 Degrees Celsius
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/temp_min
+Date: July 2014
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Battery:
+
+ Reports the minimum allowed TBAT battery temperature for
+ charging.
+
+ USB:
+
+ Reports the minimum allowed supply temperature for operation.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in 1/10 Degrees Celsius
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/voltage_max,
+Date: January 2008
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Battery:
+
+ Reports the maximum safe VBAT voltage permitted for the
+ battery, during charging.
+
+ USB:
+
+ Reports the maximum VBUS voltage the supply can support.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microvolts
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/voltage_min,
+Date: January 2008
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Battery:
+
+ Reports the minimum safe VBAT voltage permitted for the
+ battery, during discharging.
+
+ USB:
+
+ Reports the minimum VBUS voltage the supply can support.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microvolts
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/voltage_now,
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Battery:
+
+ Reports an instant, single VBAT voltage reading for the
+ battery. This value is not averaged/smoothed.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ USB:
+
+ Reports the VBUS voltage supplied now. This value is generally
+ read-only reporting, unless the 'online' state of the supply
+ is set to be programmable, in which case this value can be set
+ within the reported min/max range.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microvolts
+
+**Battery Properties**
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/capacity
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Fine grain representation of battery capacity.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: 0 - 100 (percent)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/capacity_alert_max
+Date: July 2012
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Maximum battery capacity trip-wire value where the supply will
+ notify user-space of the event. This is normally used for the
+ battery discharging scenario where user-space needs to know the
+ battery has dropped to an upper level so it can take
+ appropriate action (e.g. warning user that battery level is
+ low).
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: 0 - 100 (percent)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/capacity_alert_min
+Date: July 2012
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Minimum battery capacity trip-wire value where the supply will
+ notify user-space of the event. This is normally used for the
+ battery discharging scenario where user-space needs to know the
+ battery has dropped to a lower level so it can take
+ appropriate action (e.g. warning user that battery level is
+ critically low).
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: 0 - 100 (percent)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/capacity_error_margin
+Date: April 2019
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Battery capacity measurement becomes unreliable without
+ recalibration. This values provides the maximum error
+ margin expected to exist by the fuel gauge in percent.
+ Values close to 0% will be returned after (re-)calibration
+ has happened. Over time the error margin will increase.
+ 100% means, that the capacity related values are basically
+ completely useless.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: 0 - 100 (percent)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/capacity_level
+Date: June 2009
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Coarse representation of battery capacity.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values:
+ "Unknown", "Critical", "Low", "Normal", "High",
+ "Full"
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/charge_control_limit
+Date: Oct 2012
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Maximum allowable charging current. Used for charge rate
+ throttling for thermal cooling or improving battery health.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microamps
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/charge_control_limit_max
+Date: Oct 2012
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Maximum legal value for the charge_control_limit property.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microamps
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/charge_control_start_threshold
+Date: April 2019
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Represents a battery percentage level, below which charging will
+ begin.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+ Valid values: 0 - 100 (percent)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/charge_control_end_threshold
+Date: April 2019
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Represents a battery percentage level, above which charging will
+ stop. Not all hardware is capable of setting this to an arbitrary
+ percentage. Drivers will round written values to the nearest
+ supported value. Reading back the value will show the actual
+ threshold set by the driver.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: 0 - 100 (percent)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/charge_type
+Date: July 2009
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Select the charging algorithm to use for a battery.
+
+ Standard:
+ Fully charge the battery at a moderate rate.
+ Fast:
+ Quickly charge the battery using fast-charge
+ technology. This is typically harder on the battery
+ than standard charging and may lower its lifespan.
+ Trickle:
+ Users who primarily operate the system while
+ plugged into an external power source can extend
+ battery life with this mode. Vendor tooling may
+ call this "Primarily AC Use".
+ Adaptive:
+ Automatically optimize battery charge rate based
+ on typical usage pattern.
+ Custom:
+ Use the charge_control_* properties to determine
+ when to start and stop charging. Advanced users
+ can use this to drastically extend battery life.
+ Long Life:
+ The charger reduces its charging rate in order to
+ prolong the battery health.
+ Bypass:
+ The charger bypasses the charging path around the
+ integrated converter allowing for a "smart" wall
+ adaptor to perform the power conversion externally.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Reading this returns the current active value, e.g. 'Standard'.
+ Check charge_types to get the values supported by the battery.
+
+ Valid values:
+ "Unknown", "N/A", "Trickle", "Fast", "Standard",
+ "Adaptive", "Custom", "Long Life", "Bypass"
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/charge_types
+Date: December 2024
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Identical to charge_type but reading returns a list of supported
+ charge-types with the currently active type surrounded by square
+ brackets, e.g.: "Fast [Standard] Long_Life".
+
+ power_supply class devices may support both charge_type and
+ charge_types for backward compatibility. In this case both will
+ always have the same active value and the active value can be
+ changed by writing either property.
+
+ Note charge-types which contain a space such as "Long Life" will
+ have the space replaced by a '_' resulting in e.g. "Long_Life".
+ When writing charge-types both variants are accepted.
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/charge_term_current
+Date: July 2014
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the charging current value which is used to determine
+ when the battery is considered full and charging should end.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microamps
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/health
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the health of the battery or battery side of charger
+ functionality.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values:
+ "Unknown", "Good", "Overheat", "Dead",
+ "Over voltage", "Under voltage", "Unspecified failure", "Cold",
+ "Watchdog timer expire", "Safety timer expire",
+ "Over current", "Calibration required", "Warm",
+ "Cool", "Hot", "No battery", "Blown fuse", "Cell imbalance"
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/precharge_current
+Date: June 2017
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the charging current applied during pre-charging phase
+ for a battery charge cycle.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microamps
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/present
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports whether a battery is present or not in the system. If the
+ property does not exist, the battery is considered to be present.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ == =======
+ 0: Absent
+ 1: Present
+ == =======
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/status
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Represents the charging status of the battery. Normally this
+ is read-only reporting although for some supplies this can be
+ used to enable/disable charging to the battery.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values:
+ "Unknown", "Charging", "Discharging",
+ "Not charging", "Full"
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/charge_behaviour
+Date: November 2021
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Represents the charging behaviour.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values:
+ ===================== ========================================
+ auto: Charge normally, respect thresholds
+ inhibit-charge: Do not charge while AC is attached
+ inhibit-charge-awake: inhibit-charge only when device is awake
+ force-discharge: Force discharge while AC is attached
+ ===================== ========================================
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/technology
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Describes the battery technology supported by the supply.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values:
+ "Unknown", "NiMH", "Li-ion", "Li-poly", "LiFe",
+ "NiCd", "LiMn"
+
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/voltage_avg,
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports an average VBAT voltage reading for the battery, over a
+ fixed period. Normally devices will provide a fixed interval in
+ which they average readings to smooth out the reported value.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microvolts
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/cycle_count
+Date: January 2010
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the number of full charge + discharge cycles the
+ battery has undergone.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values:
+ Integer > 0: representing full cycles
+ Integer = 0: cycle_count info is not available
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/internal_resistance
+Date: August 2025
+Contact: linux-arm-msm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Represent the battery's internal resistance, often referred
+ to as Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR). It is a dynamic
+ parameter that reflects the opposition to current flow within
+ the cell. It is not a fixed value but varies significantly
+ based on several operational conditions, including battery
+ state of charge (SoC), temperature, and whether the battery
+ is in a charging or discharging state.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microohms
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/state_of_health
+Date: August 2025
+Contact: linux-arm-msm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The state_of_health parameter quantifies the overall condition
+ of a battery as a percentage, reflecting its ability to deliver
+ rated performance relative to its original specifications. It is
+ dynamically computed using a combination of learned capacity
+ and impedance-based degradation indicators, both of which evolve
+ over the battery's lifecycle.
+ Note that the exact algorithms are kept secret by most battery
+ vendors and the value from different battery vendors cannot be
+ compared with each other as there is no vendor-agnostic definition
+ of "performance". Also this usually cannot be used for any
+ calculations (i.e. this is not the factor between charge_full and
+ charge_full_design).
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: 0 - 100 (percent)
+
+**USB Properties**
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/input_current_limit
+Date: July 2014
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Details the incoming IBUS current limit currently set in the
+ supply. Normally this is configured based on the type of
+ connection made (e.g. A configured SDP should output a maximum
+ of 500mA so the input current limit is set to the same value).
+ Use preferably input_power_limit, and for problems that can be
+ solved using power limit use input_current_limit.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microamps
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/input_voltage_limit
+Date: May 2019
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This entry configures the incoming VBUS voltage limit currently
+ set in the supply. Normally this is configured based on
+ system-level knowledge or user input (e.g. This is part of the
+ Pixel C's thermal management strategy to effectively limit the
+ input power to 5V when the screen is on to meet Google's skin
+ temperature targets). Note that this feature should not be
+ used for safety critical things.
+ Use preferably input_power_limit, and for problems that can be
+ solved using power limit use input_voltage_limit.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microvolts
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/input_power_limit
+Date: May 2019
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This entry configures the incoming power limit currently set
+ in the supply. Normally this is configured based on
+ system-level knowledge or user input. Use preferably this
+ feature to limit the incoming power and use current/voltage
+ limit only for problems that can be solved using power limit.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: Represented in microwatts
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/online,
+Date: May 2007
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Indicates if VBUS is present for the supply. When the supply is
+ online, and the supply allows it, then it's possible to switch
+ between online states (e.g. Fixed -> Programmable for a PD_PPS
+ USB supply so voltage and current can be controlled).
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ == ==================================================
+ 0: Offline
+ 1: Online Fixed - Fixed Voltage Supply
+ 2: Online Programmable - Programmable Voltage Supply
+ == ==================================================
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/usb_type
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports what type of USB connection is currently active for
+ the supply, for example it can show if USB-PD capable source
+ is attached.
+
+ Access: For power-supplies which consume USB power such
+ as battery charger chips, this indicates the type of
+ the connected USB power source and is Read-Only.
+
+ For power-supplies which act as a USB power-source such as
+ e.g. the UCS1002 USB Port Power Controller this is writable.
+
+ Valid values:
+ "Unknown", "SDP", "DCP", "CDP", "ACA", "C", "PD",
+ "PD_DRP", "PD_PPS", "BrickID"
+
+**Device Specific Properties**
+
+What: /sys/class/power/ds2760-battery.*/charge_now
+Date: May 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
+Description:
+ This file is writeable and can be used to set the current
+ coloumb counter value inside the battery monitor chip. This
+ is needed for unavoidable corrections of aging batteries.
+ A userspace daemon can monitor the battery charging logic
+ and once the counter drops out of considerable bounds, take
+ appropriate action.
+
+What: /sys/class/power/ds2760-battery.*/charge_full
+Date: May 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
+Description:
+ This file is writeable and can be used to set the assumed
+ battery 'full level'. As batteries age, this value has to be
+ amended over time.
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/max14577-charger/device/fast_charge_timer
+Date: October 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.18.0
+Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This entry shows and sets the maximum time the max14577
+ charger operates in fast-charge mode. When the timer expires
+ the device will terminate fast-charge mode (charging current
+ will drop to 0 A) and will trigger interrupt.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 5, 6 or 7 (hours),
+ - 0: disabled.
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/max77693-charger/device/fast_charge_timer
+Date: January 2015
+KernelVersion: 3.19.0
+Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This entry shows and sets the maximum time the max77693
+ charger operates in fast-charge mode. When the timer expires
+ the device will terminate fast-charge mode (charging current
+ will drop to 0 A) and will trigger interrupt.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 4 - 16 (hours), step by 2 (rounded down)
+ - 0: disabled.
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/max77693-charger/device/top_off_threshold_current
+Date: January 2015
+KernelVersion: 3.19.0
+Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This entry shows and sets the charging current threshold for
+ entering top-off charging mode. When charging current in fast
+ charge mode drops below this value, the charger will trigger
+ interrupt and start top-off charging mode.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 100000 - 200000 (microamps), step by 25000 (rounded down)
+ - 200000 - 350000 (microamps), step by 50000 (rounded down)
+ - 0: disabled.
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/max77693-charger/device/top_off_timer
+Date: January 2015
+KernelVersion: 3.19.0
+Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This entry shows and sets the maximum time the max77693
+ charger operates in top-off charge mode. When the timer expires
+ the device will terminate top-off charge mode (charging current
+ will drop to 0 A) and will trigger interrupt.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 0 - 70 (minutes), step by 10 (rounded down)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/bq24257-charger/ovp_voltage
+Date: October 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4.0
+Contact: Andreas Dannenberg <dannenberg@ti.com>
+Description:
+ This entry configures the overvoltage protection feature of bq24257-
+ type charger devices. This feature protects the device and other
+ components against damage from overvoltage on the input supply. See
+ device datasheet for details.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 6000000, 6500000, 7000000, 8000000, 9000000, 9500000, 10000000,
+ 10500000 (all uV)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/bq24257-charger/in_dpm_voltage
+Date: October 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4.0
+Contact: Andreas Dannenberg <dannenberg@ti.com>
+Description:
+ This entry configures the input dynamic power path management voltage of
+ bq24257-type charger devices. Once the supply drops to the configured
+ voltage, the input current limit is reduced down to prevent the further
+ drop of the supply. When the IC enters this mode, the charge current is
+ lower than the set value. See device datasheet for details.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 4200000, 4280000, 4360000, 4440000, 4520000, 4600000, 4680000,
+ 4760000 (all uV)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/bq24257-charger/high_impedance_enable
+Date: October 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4.0
+Contact: Andreas Dannenberg <dannenberg@ti.com>
+Description:
+ This entry allows enabling the high-impedance mode of bq24257-type
+ charger devices. If enabled, it places the charger IC into low power
+ standby mode with the switch mode controller disabled. When disabled,
+ the charger operates normally. See device datasheet for details.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 1: enabled
+ - 0: disabled
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/bq24257-charger/sysoff_enable
+Date: October 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4.0
+Contact: Andreas Dannenberg <dannenberg@ti.com>
+Description:
+ This entry allows enabling the sysoff mode of bq24257-type charger
+ devices. If enabled and the input is removed, the internal battery FET
+ is turned off in order to reduce the leakage from the BAT pin to less
+ than 1uA. Note that on some devices/systems this disconnects the battery
+ from the system. See device datasheet for details.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 1: enabled
+ - 0: disabled
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/manufacture_year
+Date: January 2020
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the year (following Gregorian calendar) when the device has been
+ manufactured.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Reported as integer
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/manufacture_month
+Date: January 2020
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the month when the device has been manufactured.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: 1-12
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/manufacture_day
+Date: January 2020
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the day of month when the device has been manufactured.
+
+ Access: Read
+ Valid values: 1-31
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/extensions/<extension_name>
+Date: March 2025
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Reports the extensions registered to the power supply.
+ Each entry is a link to the device which registered the extension.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/max8971-charger/fast_charge_timer
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15.0
+Contact: Svyatoslav Ryhel <clamor95@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This entry shows and sets the maximum time the max8971
+ charger operates in fast-charge mode. When the timer expires
+ the device will terminate fast-charge mode (charging current
+ will drop to 0 A) and will trigger interrupt.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 4 - 10 (hours), step by 1
+ - 0: disabled.
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/max8971-charger/top_off_threshold_current
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15.0
+Contact: Svyatoslav Ryhel <clamor95@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This entry shows and sets the charging current threshold for
+ entering top-off charging mode. When charging current in fast
+ charge mode drops below this value, the charger will trigger
+ interrupt and start top-off charging mode.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 50000 - 200000 (microamps), step by 50000 (rounded down)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/max8971-charger/top_off_timer
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15.0
+Contact: Svyatoslav Ryhel <clamor95@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This entry shows and sets the maximum time the max8971
+ charger operates in top-off charge mode. When the timer expires
+ the device will terminate top-off charge mode (charging current
+ will drop to 0 A) and will trigger interrupt.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - 0 - 70 (minutes), step by 10 (rounded down)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-gaokun b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-gaokun
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0633aed7b355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-gaokun
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/gaokun-ec-battery/smart_charge_delay
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: Pengyu Luo <mitltlatltl@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This entry allows configuration of smart charging delay.
+
+ Smart charging behavior: when the power adapter is connected
+ for delay hours, battery charging will follow the rules of
+ charge_control_start_threshold and charge_control_end_threshold.
+ For more information about charge control, please refer to
+ sysfs-class-power.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: In hours (non-negative)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/gaokun-ec-battery/battery_adaptive_charge
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: Pengyu Luo <mitltlatltl@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This entry allows enabling battery adaptive charging.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: 0 (disabled) or 1 (enabled)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-ltc4162l b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-ltc4162l
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ba30db93052b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-ltc4162l
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/ltc4162-l/charge_status
+Date: Januari 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Description:
+ Detailed charge status information as reported by the chip.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values:
+ ilim_reg_active
+ thermal_reg_active
+ vin_uvcl_active
+ iin_limit_active
+ constant_current
+ constant_voltage
+ charger_off
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/ltc4162-l/ibat
+Date: Januari 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Description:
+ Battery input current as measured by the charger. Negative value
+ means that the battery is discharging.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Signed value in microamps
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/ltc4162-l/vbat
+Date: Januari 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Description:
+ Battery voltage as measured by the charger.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: In microvolts
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/ltc4162-l/vbat_avg
+Date: Januari 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Description:
+ Battery voltage, averaged over time, as measured by the charger.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: In microvolts
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/ltc4162-l/force_telemetry
+Date: Januari 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Description:
+ To save battery current, the measurement system is disabled if
+ the battery is the only source of power. This affects all
+ voltage, current and temperature measurements.
+ Write a "1" to this to keep performing telemetry once every few
+ seconds, even when running on battery (as reported by the online
+ property, which is "1" when external power is available and "0"
+ when the system runs on battery).
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: 0 (disabled) or 1 (enabled)
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/ltc4162-l/arm_ship_mode
+Date: Januari 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Description:
+ The charger will normally drain the battery while inactive,
+ typically drawing about 54 microamps. Write a "1" to this
+ property to arm a special "ship" mode that extends shelf life
+ by reducing the leakage to about 2.8 microamps. The chip will
+ remain in this mode (and no longer respond to I2C commands)
+ until some external power-supply is attached raising the input
+ voltage above 1V. It will then automatically revert to "0".
+ Writing a "0" to the property cancels the "ship" mode request.
+ The ship mode, when armed, activates once the input voltage
+ drops below 1V.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: 0 (disable) or 1 (enable)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-max1720x b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-max1720x
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7d895bfda9ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-max1720x
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/max1720x/temp_ain1
+Date: January 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.14
+Contact: Dimitri Fedrau <dimitri.fedrau@liebherr.com>
+Description:
+ Reports the current temperature reading from AIN1 thermistor.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in 1/10 Degrees Celsius
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/max1720x/temp_ain2
+Date: January 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.14
+Contact: Dimitri Fedrau <dimitri.fedrau@liebherr.com>
+Description:
+ Reports the current temperature reading from AIN2 thermistor.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in 1/10 Degrees Celsius
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/max1720x/temp_int
+Date: January 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.14
+Contact: Dimitri Fedrau <dimitri.fedrau@liebherr.com>
+Description:
+ Reports the current temperature reading from internal die.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented in 1/10 Degrees Celsius
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-mp2629 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-mp2629
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..914d67caac0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-mp2629
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/mp2629_battery/batt_impedance_compen
+Date: April 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Description:
+ Represents a battery impedance compensation to accelerate charging.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: Represented in milli-ohms. Valid range is [0, 140].
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-rt9467 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-rt9467
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..619b7c45d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-rt9467
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/rt9467-*/sysoff_enable
+Date: Feb 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: ChiaEn Wu <chiaen_wu@richtek.com>
+Description:
+ This entry allows enabling the sysoff mode of rt9467 charger
+ devices.
+ If enabled and the input is removed, the internal battery FET
+ is turned off to reduce the leakage from the BAT pin. See
+ device datasheet for details. It's commonly used when the
+ product enter shipping stage. After entering shipping mode,
+ only 'VBUS' or 'Power key" pressed can make it leave this mode.
+ 'Disable' also can help to leave it, but it's more like to
+ abort the action before the device really enter shipping mode.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+ Valid values:
+ - 1: enabled
+ - 0: disabled
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-rt9471 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-rt9471
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0a390ee5ac21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-rt9471
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/rt9471-*/sysoff_enable
+Date: Feb 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: ChiYuan Huang <cy_huang@richtek.com>
+Description:
+ This entry allows enabling the sysoff mode of rt9471 charger devices.
+ If enabled and the input is removed, the internal battery FET is turned
+ off to reduce the leakage from the BAT pin. See device datasheet for details.
+ It's commonly used when the product enter shipping stage. After entering
+ shipping mode, only 'VBUS' or 'Power key" pressed can make it leave this
+ mode. 'Disable' also can help to leave it, but it's more like to abort
+ the action before the device really enter shipping mode.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+ Valid values:
+ - 1: enabled
+ - 0: disabled
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/rt9471-*/port_detect_enable
+Date: Feb 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: ChiYuan Huang <cy_huang@richtek.com>
+Description:
+ This entry allows enabling the USB BC12 port detect function of rt9471 charger
+ devices. If enabled and VBUS is inserted, device will start to do the BC12
+ port detect and report the usb port type when port detect is done. See
+ datasheet for details. Normally controlled when TypeC/USBPD port integrated.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+ Valid values:
+ - 1: enabled
+ - 0: disabled
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-surface b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-surface
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..79cde4dcf2f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-surface
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<supply_name>/alarm
+Date: April 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: Maximilian Luz <luzmaximilian@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Battery trip point. When the remaining battery capacity crosses this
+ value in either direction, the system will be notified and if
+ necessary woken.
+
+ Set to zero to clear/disable.
+
+ Access: Read, Write
+
+ Valid values: In micro-Wh or micro-Ah, depending on the power unit
+ of the battery
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-twl4030 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-twl4030
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b52f7023f8ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-twl4030
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/twl4030_usb/mode
+Description:
+ Changing mode for USB port.
+ Writing to this can disable charging.
+
+ Possible values are:
+
+ ============= ===========================================
+ "auto" draw power as appropriate for detected
+ power source and battery status.
+ "off" do not draw any power.
+ "continuous" activate mode described as "linear" in
+ TWL data sheets. This uses whatever
+ current is available and doesn't switch off
+ when voltage drops.
+
+ This is useful for unstable power sources
+ such as bicycle dynamo, but care should
+ be taken that battery is not over-charged.
+ ============= ===========================================
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/twl4030_ac/mode
+Description:
+ Changing mode for 'ac' port.
+ Writing to this can disable charging.
+
+ Possible values are:
+
+ ====== ===========================================
+ "auto" draw power as appropriate for detected
+ power source and battery status.
+ "off" do not draw any power.
+ ====== ===========================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-wilco b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-wilco
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..083c4641b4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power-wilco
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/wilco-charger/charge_type
+Date: April 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Description:
+ What charging algorithm to use:
+
+ Standard:
+ Fully charges battery at a standard rate.
+ Adaptive:
+ Battery settings adaptively optimized based on
+ typical battery usage pattern.
+ Fast:
+ Battery charges over a shorter period.
+ Trickle:
+ Extends battery lifespan, intended for users who
+ primarily use their Chromebook while connected to AC.
+ Custom:
+ A low and high threshold percentage is specified.
+ Charging begins when level drops below
+ charge_control_start_threshold, and ceases when
+ level is above charge_control_end_threshold.
+ Long Life:
+ Customized charge rate for last longer battery life.
+ On Wilco device this mode is pre-configured in the factory
+ through EC's private PID. Switching to a different mode will
+ be denied by Wilco EC when Long Life mode is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/wilco-charger/charge_control_start_threshold
+Date: April 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Description:
+ Used when charge_type="Custom", as described above. Measured in
+ percentages. The valid range is [50, 95].
+
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/wilco-charger/charge_control_end_threshold
+Date: April 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Description:
+ Used when charge_type="Custom", as described above. Measured in
+ percentages. The valid range is [55, 100].
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-powercap b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-powercap
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ca491ec4e693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-powercap
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+What: /sys/class/powercap/
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The powercap/ class sub directory belongs to the power cap
+ subsystem. Refer to
+ Documentation/power/powercap/powercap.rst for details.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/<control type>
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A <control type> is a unique name under /sys/class/powercap.
+ Here <control type> determines how the power is going to be
+ controlled. A <control type> can contain multiple power zones.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/<control type>/enabled
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This allows to enable/disable power capping for a "control type".
+ This status affects every power zone using this "control_type.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/<control type>/<power zone>
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A power zone is a single or a collection of devices, which can
+ be independently monitored and controlled. A power zone sysfs
+ entry is qualified with the name of the <control type>.
+ E.g. intel-rapl:0:1:1.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/<control type>/<power zone>/<child power zone>
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Power zones may be organized in a hierarchy in which child
+ power zones provide monitoring and control for a subset of
+ devices under the parent. For example, if there is a parent
+ power zone for a whole CPU package, each CPU core in it can
+ be a child power zone.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/name
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Specifies the name of this power zone.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/energy_uj
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Current energy counter in micro-joules. Write "0" to reset.
+ If the counter can not be reset, then this attribute is
+ read-only.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/max_energy_range_uj
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Range of the above energy counter in micro-joules.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/power_uw
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Current power in micro-watts.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/max_power_range_uw
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Range of the above power value in micro-watts.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/constraint_X_name
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Each power zone can define one or more constraints. Each
+ constraint can have an optional name. Here "X" can have values
+ from 0 to max integer.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/constraint_X_power_limit_uw
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Power limit in micro-watts should be applicable for
+ the time window specified by "constraint_X_time_window_us".
+ Here "X" can have values from 0 to max integer.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/constraint_X_time_window_us
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Time window in micro seconds. This is used along with
+ constraint_X_power_limit_uw to define a power constraint.
+ Here "X" can have values from 0 to max integer.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/<control type>/.../constraint_X_max_power_uw
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Maximum allowed power in micro watts for this constraint.
+ Here "X" can have values from 0 to max integer.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/<control type>/.../constraint_X_min_power_uw
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Minimum allowed power in micro watts for this constraint.
+ Here "X" can have values from 0 to max integer.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/constraint_X_max_time_window_us
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Maximum allowed time window in micro seconds for this
+ constraint. Here "X" can have values from 0 to max integer.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/constraint_X_min_time_window_us
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Minimum allowed time window in micro seconds for this
+ constraint. Here "X" can have values from 0 to max integer.
+
+What: /sys/class/powercap/.../<power zone>/enabled
+Date: September 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This allows to enable/disable power capping at power zone level.
+ This applies to current power zone and its children.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pwm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pwm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0638c94d01ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pwm
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+What: /sys/class/pwm/
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
+Description:
+ The pwm/ class sub-directory belongs to the Generic PWM
+ Framework and provides a sysfs interface for using PWM
+ channels.
+
+What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip<N>/
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
+Description:
+ A /sys/class/pwm/pwmchipN directory is created for each
+ probed PWM controller/chip where N is the base of the
+ PWM chip.
+
+What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip<N>/npwm
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
+Description:
+ The number of PWM channels supported by the PWM chip.
+
+What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip<N>/export
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
+Description:
+ Exports a PWM channel from the PWM chip for sysfs control.
+ Value is between 0 and /sys/class/pwm/pwmchipN/npwm - 1.
+
+What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip<N>/unexport
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
+Description:
+ Unexports a PWM channel.
+
+What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip<N>/pwmX
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
+Description:
+ A /sys/class/pwm/pwmchipN/pwmX directory is created for
+ each exported PWM channel where X is the exported PWM
+ channel number.
+
+What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip<N>/pwmX/period
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
+Description:
+ Sets the PWM signal period in nanoseconds.
+
+What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip<N>/pwmX/duty_cycle
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
+Description:
+ Sets the PWM signal duty cycle in nanoseconds.
+
+What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip<N>/pwmX/polarity
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
+Description:
+ Sets the output polarity of the PWM signal to "normal" or
+ "inversed".
+
+What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip<N>/pwmX/enable
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
+Description:
+ Enable/disable the PWM signal.
+ 0 is disabled
+ 1 is enabled
+
+What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip<N>/pwmX/capture
+Date: June 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.8
+Contact: Lee Jones <lee@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Capture information about a PWM signal. The output format is a
+ pair unsigned integers (period and duty cycle), separated by a
+ single space.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rapidio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rapidio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..81e09145525a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rapidio
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+What: /sys/class/rapidio_port
+Description:
+ On-chip RapidIO controllers and PCIe-to-RapidIO bridges
+ (referenced as "Master Port" or "mport") are presented in sysfs
+ as the special class of devices: "rapidio_port".
+ The /sys/class/rapidio_port subdirectory contains individual
+ subdirectories named as "rapidioN" where N = mport ID registered
+ with RapidIO subsystem.
+
+ NOTE: An mport ID is not a RapidIO destination ID assigned to a
+ given local mport device.
+
+What: /sys/class/rapidio_port/rapidio<N>/sys_size
+Date: Apr, 2014
+KernelVersion: v3.15
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) reports RapidIO common transport system size:
+
+ 0 = small (8-bit destination ID, max. 256 devices),
+
+ 1 = large (16-bit destination ID, max. 65536 devices).
+
+What: /sys/class/rapidio_port/rapidio<N>/port_destid
+Date: Apr, 2014
+KernelVersion: v3.15
+Contact: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>,
+ Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
+Description:
+
+(RO) reports RapidIO destination ID assigned to the given
+RapidIO mport device. If value 0xFFFFFFFF is returned this means
+that no valid destination ID have been assigned to the mport
+(yet). Normally, before enumeration/discovery have been executed
+only fabric enumerating mports have a valid destination ID
+assigned to them using "hdid=..." rapidio module parameter.
+
+After enumeration or discovery was performed for a given mport device,
+the corresponding subdirectory will also contain subdirectories for each
+child RapidIO device connected to the mport.
+
+The example below shows mport device subdirectory with several child RapidIO
+devices attached to it::
+
+ [rio@rapidio ~]$ ls /sys/class/rapidio_port/rapidio0/ -l
+ total 0
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Feb 11 15:10 00:e:0001
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Feb 11 15:10 00:e:0004
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Feb 11 15:10 00:e:0007
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Feb 11 15:10 00:s:0002
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Feb 11 15:10 00:s:0003
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Feb 11 15:10 00:s:0005
+ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 11 15:11 device -> ../../../0000:01:00.0
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Feb 11 15:11 port_destid
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Feb 11 15:11 power
+ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 11 15:04 subsystem -> ../../../../../../class/rapidio_port
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Feb 11 15:11 sys_size
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Feb 11 15:04 uevent
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..84e46d70d82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rc
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+What: /sys/class/rc/
+Date: Apr 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The rc/ class sub-directory belongs to the Remote Controller
+ core and provides a sysfs interface for configuring infrared
+ remote controller receivers.
+
+What: /sys/class/rc/rc<N>/
+Date: Apr 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ A /sys/class/rc/rcN directory is created for each remote
+ control receiver device where N is the number of the receiver.
+
+What: /sys/class/rc/rc<N>/protocols
+Date: Jun 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.36
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Reading this file returns a list of available protocols,
+ something like::
+
+ "rc5 [rc6] nec jvc [sony]"
+
+ Enabled protocols are shown in [] brackets.
+
+ Writing "+proto" will add a protocol to the list of enabled
+ protocols.
+
+ Writing "-proto" will remove a protocol from the list of enabled
+ protocols.
+
+ Writing "proto" will enable only "proto".
+
+ Writing "none" will disable all protocols.
+
+ Write fails with EINVAL if an invalid protocol combination or
+ unknown protocol name is used.
+
+What: /sys/class/rc/rc<N>/filter
+Date: Jan 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Sets the scancode filter expected value.
+
+ Use in combination with /sys/class/rc/rcN/filter_mask to set the
+ expected value of the bits set in the filter mask.
+ If the hardware supports it then scancodes which do not match
+ the filter will be ignored. Otherwise the write will fail with
+ an error.
+
+ This value may be reset to 0 if the current protocol is altered.
+
+What: /sys/class/rc/rc<N>/filter_mask
+Date: Jan 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Sets the scancode filter mask of bits to compare.
+ Use in combination with /sys/class/rc/rcN/filter to set the bits
+ of the scancode which should be compared against the expected
+ value. A value of 0 disables the filter to allow all valid
+ scancodes to be processed.
+
+ If the hardware supports it then scancodes which do not match
+ the filter will be ignored. Otherwise the write will fail with
+ an error.
+
+ This value may be reset to 0 if the current protocol is altered.
+
+What: /sys/class/rc/rc<N>/wakeup_protocols
+Date: Feb 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Reading this file returns a list of available protocols to use
+ for the wakeup filter, something like::
+
+ "rc-5 nec nec-x rc-6-0 rc-6-6a-24 [rc-6-6a-32] rc-6-mce"
+
+ Note that protocol variants are listed, so "nec", "sony",
+ "rc-5", "rc-6" have their different bit length encodings
+ listed if available.
+
+ The enabled wakeup protocol is shown in [] brackets.
+
+ Only one protocol can be selected at a time.
+
+ Writing "proto" will use "proto" for wakeup events.
+
+ Writing "none" will disable wakeup.
+
+ Write fails with EINVAL if an invalid protocol combination or
+ unknown protocol name is used, or if wakeup is not supported by
+ the hardware.
+
+What: /sys/class/rc/rc<N>/wakeup_filter
+Date: Jan 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Sets the scancode wakeup filter expected value.
+
+ Use in combination with /sys/class/rc/rcN/wakeup_filter_mask to
+ set the expected value of the bits set in the wakeup filter mask
+ to trigger a system wake event.
+
+ If the hardware supports it and wakeup_filter_mask is not 0 then
+ scancodes which match the filter will wake the system from e.g.
+ suspend to RAM or power off.
+
+ Otherwise the write will fail with an error.
+
+ This value may be reset to 0 if the wakeup protocol is altered.
+
+What: /sys/class/rc/rc<N>/wakeup_filter_mask
+Date: Jan 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Sets the scancode wakeup filter mask of bits to compare.
+
+ Use in combination with /sys/class/rc/rcN/wakeup_filter to set
+ the bits of the scancode which should be compared against the
+ expected value to trigger a system wake event.
+
+ If the hardware supports it and wakeup_filter_mask is not 0 then
+ scancodes which match the filter will wake the system from e.g.
+ suspend to RAM or power off.
+
+ Otherwise the write will fail with an error.
+
+ This value may be reset to 0 if the wakeup protocol is altered.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rc-nuvoton b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rc-nuvoton
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f7bad8ecd08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rc-nuvoton
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/class/rc/rc<N>/wakeup_data
+Date: Mar 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Reading this file returns the stored CIR wakeup sequence.
+ It starts with a pulse, followed by a space, pulse etc.
+ All values are in microseconds.
+ The same format can be used to store a wakeup sequence
+ in the Nuvoton chip by writing to this file.
+
+ Note: Some systems reset the stored wakeup sequence to a
+ factory default on each boot. On such systems store the
+ wakeup sequence in a file and set it on boot using e.g.
+ a udev rule.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-regulator b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-regulator
index 79a4a75b2d2c..475b9a372657 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-regulator
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-regulator
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../state
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
- state. This holds the regulator output state.
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ state. This reports the regulator enable control, for
+ regulators which can report that input value.
This will be one of the following strings:
@@ -13,30 +14,69 @@ Description:
'unknown'
'enabled' means the regulator output is ON and is supplying
- power to the system.
+ power to the system (assuming no error prevents it).
'disabled' means the regulator output is OFF and is not
- supplying power to the system..
+ supplying power to the system (unless some non-Linux
+ control has enabled it).
- 'unknown' means software cannot determine the state.
+ 'unknown' means software cannot determine the state, or
+ the reported state is invalid.
NOTE: this field can be used in conjunction with microvolts
- and microamps to determine regulator output levels.
+ or microamps to determine configured regulator output levels.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../status
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ "status". This reports the current regulator status, for
+ regulators which can report that output value.
+
+ This will be one of the following strings:
+
+ - off
+ - on
+ - error
+ - fast
+ - normal
+ - idle
+ - standby
+
+ "off" means the regulator is not supplying power to the
+ system.
+
+ "on" means the regulator is supplying power to the system,
+ and the regulator can't report a detailed operation mode.
+
+ "error" indicates an out-of-regulation status such as being
+ disabled due to thermal shutdown, or voltage being unstable
+ because of problems with the input power supply.
+
+ "fast", "normal", "idle", and "standby" are all detailed
+ regulator operation modes (described elsewhere). They
+ imply "on", but provide more detail.
+
+ Note that regulator status is a function of many inputs,
+ not limited to control inputs from Linux. For example,
+ the actual load presented may trigger "error" status; or
+ a regulator may be enabled by another user, even though
+ Linux did not enable it.
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../type
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
Each regulator directory will contain a field called
type. This holds the regulator type.
This will be one of the following strings:
- 'voltage'
- 'current'
- 'unknown'
+ - 'voltage'
+ - 'current'
+ - 'unknown'
'voltage' means the regulator output voltage can be controlled
by software.
@@ -51,11 +91,12 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../microvolts
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
microvolts. This holds the regulator output voltage setting
- measured in microvolts (i.e. E-6 Volts).
+ measured in microvolts (i.e. E-6 Volts), for regulators
+ which can report the control input for voltage.
NOTE: This value should not be used to determine the regulator
output voltage level as this value is the same regardless of
@@ -65,11 +106,12 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../microamps
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
microamps. This holds the regulator output current limit
- setting measured in microamps (i.e. E-6 Amps).
+ setting measured in microamps (i.e. E-6 Amps), for regulators
+ which can report the control input for a current limit.
NOTE: This value should not be used to determine the regulator
output current level as this value is the same regardless of
@@ -79,34 +121,37 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../opmode
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
- opmode. This holds the regulator operating mode setting.
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ opmode. This holds the current regulator operating mode,
+ for regulators which can report that control input value.
The opmode value can be one of the following strings:
- 'fast'
- 'normal'
- 'idle'
- 'standby'
- 'unknown'
+ - 'fast'
+ - 'normal'
+ - 'idle'
+ - 'standby'
+ - 'unknown'
- The modes are described in include/linux/regulator/regulator.h
+ The modes are described in include/linux/regulator/consumer.h
NOTE: This value should not be used to determine the regulator
output operating mode as this value is the same regardless of
- whether the regulator is enabled or disabled.
+ whether the regulator is enabled or disabled. A "status"
+ attribute may be available to determine the actual mode.
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../min_microvolts
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
min_microvolts. This holds the minimum safe working regulator
- output voltage setting for this domain measured in microvolts.
+ output voltage setting for this domain measured in microvolts,
+ for regulators which support voltage constraints.
NOTE: this will return the string 'constraint not defined' if
the power domain has no min microvolts constraint defined by
@@ -116,11 +161,12 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../max_microvolts
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
max_microvolts. This holds the maximum safe working regulator
- output voltage setting for this domain measured in microvolts.
+ output voltage setting for this domain measured in microvolts,
+ for regulators which support voltage constraints.
NOTE: this will return the string 'constraint not defined' if
the power domain has no max microvolts constraint defined by
@@ -130,12 +176,12 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../min_microamps
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
min_microamps. This holds the minimum safe working regulator
output current limit setting for this domain measured in
- microamps.
+ microamps, for regulators which support current constraints.
NOTE: this will return the string 'constraint not defined' if
the power domain has no min microamps constraint defined by
@@ -145,22 +191,35 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../max_microamps
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
max_microamps. This holds the maximum safe working regulator
output current limit setting for this domain measured in
- microamps.
+ microamps, for regulators which support current constraints.
NOTE: this will return the string 'constraint not defined' if
the power domain has no max microamps constraint defined by
platform code.
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../name
+Date: October 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.28
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
+Description:
+ Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ name. This holds a string identifying the regulator for
+ display purposes.
+
+ NOTE: this will be empty if no suitable name is provided
+ by platform or regulator drivers.
+
+
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../num_users
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
Each regulator directory will contain a field called
num_users. This holds the number of consumer devices that
@@ -170,9 +229,9 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../requested_microamps
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
requested_microamps. This holds the total requested load
current in microamps for this regulator from all its consumer
devices.
@@ -181,7 +240,7 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../parent
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
Some regulator directories will contain a link called parent.
This points to the parent or supply regulator if one exists.
@@ -189,127 +248,206 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_mem_microvolts
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
suspend_mem_microvolts. This holds the regulator output
voltage setting for this domain measured in microvolts when
- the system is suspended to memory.
-
- NOTE: this will return the string 'not defined' if
- the power domain has no suspend to memory voltage defined by
- platform code.
+ the system is suspended to memory, for voltage regulators
+ implementing suspend voltage configuration constraints.
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_disk_microvolts
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
suspend_disk_microvolts. This holds the regulator output
voltage setting for this domain measured in microvolts when
- the system is suspended to disk.
-
- NOTE: this will return the string 'not defined' if
- the power domain has no suspend to disk voltage defined by
- platform code.
+ the system is suspended to disk, for voltage regulators
+ implementing suspend voltage configuration constraints.
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_standby_microvolts
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
suspend_standby_microvolts. This holds the regulator output
voltage setting for this domain measured in microvolts when
- the system is suspended to standby.
-
- NOTE: this will return the string 'not defined' if
- the power domain has no suspend to standby voltage defined by
- platform code.
+ the system is suspended to standby, for voltage regulators
+ implementing suspend voltage configuration constraints.
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_mem_mode
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
suspend_mem_mode. This holds the regulator operating mode
setting for this domain when the system is suspended to
- memory.
-
- NOTE: this will return the string 'not defined' if
- the power domain has no suspend to memory mode defined by
- platform code.
+ memory, for regulators implementing suspend mode
+ configuration constraints.
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_disk_mode
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
suspend_disk_mode. This holds the regulator operating mode
- setting for this domain when the system is suspended to disk.
-
- NOTE: this will return the string 'not defined' if
- the power domain has no suspend to disk mode defined by
- platform code.
+ setting for this domain when the system is suspended to disk,
+ for regulators implementing suspend mode configuration
+ constraints.
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_standby_mode
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
suspend_standby_mode. This holds the regulator operating mode
setting for this domain when the system is suspended to
- standby.
-
- NOTE: this will return the string 'not defined' if
- the power domain has no suspend to standby mode defined by
- platform code.
+ standby, for regulators implementing suspend mode
+ configuration constraints.
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_mem_state
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
suspend_mem_state. This holds the regulator operating state
- when suspended to memory.
+ when suspended to memory, for regulators implementing suspend
+ configuration constraints.
- This will be one of the following strings:
-
- 'enabled'
- 'disabled'
- 'not defined'
+ This will be one of the same strings reported by
+ the "state" attribute.
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_disk_state
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
suspend_disk_state. This holds the regulator operating state
- when suspended to disk.
+ when suspended to disk, for regulators implementing
+ suspend configuration constraints.
- This will be one of the following strings:
-
- 'enabled'
- 'disabled'
- 'not defined'
+ This will be one of the same strings reported by
+ the "state" attribute.
What: /sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_standby_state
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
-Contact: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Description:
- Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
suspend_standby_state. This holds the regulator operating
- state when suspended to standby.
+ state when suspended to standby, for regulators implementing
+ suspend configuration constraints.
+
+ This will be one of the same strings reported by
+ the "state" attribute.
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../bypass
+Date: September 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.7
+Contact: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ bypass. This indicates if the device is in bypass mode.
This will be one of the following strings:
- 'enabled'
- 'disabled'
- 'not defined'
+ - 'enabled'
+ - 'disabled'
+ - 'unknown'
+
+ 'enabled' means the regulator is in bypass mode.
+
+ 'disabled' means that the regulator is regulating.
+
+ 'unknown' means software cannot determine the state, or
+ the reported state is invalid.
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../under_voltage
+Date: April 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Zev Weiss <zev@bewilderbeest.net>
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ under_voltage. This indicates if the device reports an
+ under-voltage fault (1) or not (0).
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../over_current
+Date: April 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Zev Weiss <zev@bewilderbeest.net>
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ over_current. This indicates if the device reports an
+ over-current fault (1) or not (0).
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../regulation_out
+Date: April 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Zev Weiss <zev@bewilderbeest.net>
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ regulation_out. This indicates if the device reports an
+ out-of-regulation fault (1) or not (0).
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../fail
+Date: April 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Zev Weiss <zev@bewilderbeest.net>
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ fail. This indicates if the device reports an output failure
+ (1) or not (0).
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../over_temp
+Date: April 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Zev Weiss <zev@bewilderbeest.net>
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ over_temp. This indicates if the device reports an
+ over-temperature fault (1) or not (0).
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../under_voltage_warn
+Date: April 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Zev Weiss <zev@bewilderbeest.net>
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ under_voltage_warn. This indicates if the device reports an
+ under-voltage warning (1) or not (0).
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../over_current_warn
+Date: April 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Zev Weiss <zev@bewilderbeest.net>
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ over_current_warn. This indicates if the device reports an
+ over-current warning (1) or not (0).
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../over_voltage_warn
+Date: April 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Zev Weiss <zev@bewilderbeest.net>
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ over_voltage_warn. This indicates if the device reports an
+ over-voltage warning (1) or not (0).
+
+What: /sys/class/regulator/.../over_temp_warn
+Date: April 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: Zev Weiss <zev@bewilderbeest.net>
+Description:
+ Some regulator directories will contain a field called
+ over_temp_warn. This indicates if the device reports an
+ over-temperature warning (1) or not (0).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-remoteproc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-remoteproc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2b8e2db2503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-remoteproc
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+What: /sys/class/remoteproc/.../firmware
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@mips.com>
+Description: Remote processor firmware
+
+ Reports the name of the firmware currently loaded to the
+ remote processor.
+
+ To change the running firmware, ensure the remote processor is
+ stopped (using /sys/class/remoteproc/.../state) and write a new filename.
+
+What: /sys/class/remoteproc/.../state
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@mips.com>
+Description: Remote processor state
+
+ Reports the state of the remote processor, which will be one of:
+
+ - "offline"
+ - "suspended"
+ - "running"
+ - "crashed"
+ - "invalid"
+
+ "offline" means the remote processor is powered off.
+
+ "suspended" means that the remote processor is suspended and
+ must be woken to receive messages.
+
+ "running" is the normal state of an available remote processor
+
+ "crashed" indicates that a problem/crash has been detected on
+ the remote processor.
+
+ "invalid" is returned if the remote processor is in an
+ unknown state.
+
+ Writing this file controls the state of the remote processor.
+ The following states can be written:
+
+ - "start"
+ - "stop"
+
+ Writing "start" will attempt to start the processor running the
+ firmware indicated by, or written to,
+ /sys/class/remoteproc/.../firmware. The remote processor should
+ transition to "running" state.
+
+ Writing "stop" will attempt to halt the remote processor and
+ return it to the "offline" state.
+
+What: /sys/class/remoteproc/.../name
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Suman Anna <s-anna@ti.com>
+Description: Remote processor name
+
+ Reports the name of the remote processor. This can be used by
+ userspace in exactly identifying a remote processor and ease
+ up the usage in modifying the 'firmware' or 'state' files.
+
+What: /sys/class/remoteproc/.../coredump
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>, Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
+Description: Remote processor coredump configuration
+
+ Reports the coredump configuration of the remote processor,
+ which will be one of:
+
+ "disabled"
+ "enabled"
+ "inline"
+
+ "disabled" means no dump will be collected.
+
+ "enabled" means when the remote processor's coredump is
+ collected it will be copied to a separate buffer and that
+ buffer is exposed to userspace.
+
+ "inline" means when the remote processor's coredump is
+ collected userspace will directly read from the remote
+ processor's device memory. Extra buffer will not be used to
+ copy the dump. Also recovery process will not proceed until
+ all data is read by userspace.
+
+What: /sys/class/remoteproc/.../recovery
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>, Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
+Description: Remote processor recovery mechanism
+
+ Reports the recovery mechanism of the remote processor,
+ which will be one of:
+
+ "enabled"
+ "disabled"
+
+ "enabled" means, the remote processor will be automatically
+ recovered whenever it crashes. Moreover, if the remote
+ processor crashes while recovery is disabled, it will
+ be automatically recovered too as soon as recovery is enabled.
+
+ "disabled" means, a remote processor will remain in a crashed
+ state if it crashes. This is useful for debugging purposes;
+ without it, debugging a crash is substantially harder.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rnbd-client b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rnbd-client
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0b5997ab3365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rnbd-client
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-client
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Provide information about RNBD-client.
+ All sysfs files that are not read-only provide the usage information on read:
+
+ Example::
+
+ # cat /sys/class/rnbd-client/ctl/map_device
+
+ > Usage: echo "sessname=<name of the rtrs session> path=<[srcaddr,]dstaddr>
+ > [path=<[srcaddr,]dstaddr>] device_path=<full path on remote side>
+ > [access_mode=<ro|rw|migration>] > map_device
+ >
+ > addr ::= [ ip:<ipv4> | ip:<ipv6> | gid:<gid> ]
+
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-client/ctl/map_device
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Expected format is the following::
+
+ sessname=<name of the rtrs session>
+ path=<[srcaddr,]dstaddr> [path=<[srcaddr,]dstaddr> ...]
+ device_path=<full path on remote side>
+ [access_mode=<ro|rw|migration>]
+
+ Where:
+
+ sessname:
+ accepts a string not bigger than 256 chars, which identifies
+ a given session on the client and on the server.
+ I.e. "clt_hostname-srv_hostname" could be a natural choice.
+
+ path:
+ describes a connection between the client and the server by
+ specifying destination and, when required, the source address.
+ The addresses are to be provided in the following format::
+
+ ip:<IPv6>
+ ip:<IPv4>
+ gid:<GID>
+
+ for example::
+
+ path=ip:10.0.0.66
+
+ The single addr is treated as the destination.
+ The connection will be established to this server from any client IP address.
+
+ ::
+
+ path=ip:10.0.0.66,ip:10.0.1.66
+
+ First addr is the source address and the second is the destination.
+
+ If multiple "path=" options are specified multiple connection
+ will be established and data will be sent according to
+ the selected multipath policy (see RTRS mp_policy sysfs entry description).
+
+ device_path:
+ Path to the block device on the server side. Path is specified
+ relative to the directory on server side configured in the
+ 'dev_search_path' module parameter of the rnbd_server.
+ The rnbd_server prepends the <device_path> received from client
+ with <dev_search_path> and tries to open the
+ <dev_search_path>/<device_path> block device. On success,
+ a /dev/rnbd<N> device file, a /sys/block/rnbd<N>/
+ directory and an entry in /sys/class/rnbd-client/ctl/devices
+ will be created.
+
+ If 'dev_search_path' contains '%SESSNAME%', then each session can
+ have different devices namespace, e.g. server was configured with
+ the following parameter "dev_search_path=/run/rnbd-devs/%SESSNAME%",
+ client has this string "sessname=blya device_path=sda", then server
+ will try to open: /run/rnbd-devs/blya/sda.
+
+ access_mode:
+ the access_mode parameter specifies if the device is to be
+ mapped as "ro" read-only or "rw" read-write. The server allows
+ a device to be exported in rw mode only once. The "migration"
+ access mode has to be specified if a second mapping in read-write
+ mode is desired.
+
+ By default "rw" is used.
+
+ nr_poll_queues
+ specifies the number of poll-mode queues. If the IO has HIPRI flag,
+ the block-layer will send the IO via the poll-mode queue.
+ For fast network and device the polling is faster than interrupt-base
+ IO handling because it saves time for context switching, switching to
+ another process, handling the interrupt and switching back to the
+ issuing process.
+
+ Set -1 if you want to set it as the number of CPUs
+ By default rnbd client creates only irq-mode queues.
+
+ NOTICE: MUST make a unique session for a device using the poll-mode queues.
+
+ Exit Codes:
+
+ If the device is already mapped it will fail with EEXIST. If the input
+ has an invalid format it will return EINVAL. If the device path cannot
+ be found on the server, it will fail with ENOENT.
+
+ Finding device file after mapping
+ ---------------------------------
+
+ After mapping, the device file can be found by:
+ o The symlink /sys/class/rnbd-client/ctl/devices/<device_id>@<session_name>
+ points to /sys/block/<dev-name>. The last part of the symlink destination
+ is the same as the device name. By extracting the last part of the
+ path the path to the device /dev/<dev-name> can be build.
+
+ * /dev/block/$(cat /sys/class/rnbd-client/ctl/devices/<device_id>@<session_name>/dev)
+
+ How to find the <device_id> of the device is described on the next
+ section.
+
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-client/ctl/devices/
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: For each device mapped on the client a new symbolic link is created as
+ /sys/class/rnbd-client/ctl/devices/<device_id>@<session_name>, which points
+ to the block device created by rnbd (/sys/block/rnbd<N>/).
+ The <device_id> of each device is created as follows:
+
+ - If the 'device_path' provided during mapping contains slashes ("/"),
+ they are replaced by exclamation mark ("!") and used as as the
+ <device_id>. Otherwise, the <device_id> will be the same as the
+ "device_path" provided.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rnbd-server b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rnbd-server
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6c5996cd7cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rnbd-server
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-server
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: provide information about RNBD-server.
+
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-server/ctl/
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: When a client maps a device, a directory entry with the name of the
+ block device is created under /sys/class/rnbd-server/ctl/devices/.
+
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-server/ctl/devices/<device_name>/block_dev
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Is a symlink to the sysfs entry of the exported device.
+
+ Example:
+ block_dev -> ../../../../class/block/ram0
+
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-server/ctl/devices/<device_name>/sessions/
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: For each client a particular device is exported to, following directory will be
+ created:
+
+ /sys/class/rnbd-server/ctl/devices/<device_name>/sessions/<session-name>/
+
+ When the device is unmapped by that client, the directory will be removed.
+
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-server/ctl/devices/<device_name>/sessions/<session-name>/read_only
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Contains '1' if device is mapped read-only, otherwise '0'.
+
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-server/ctl/devices/<device_name>/sessions/<session-name>/mapping_path
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Contains the relative device path provided by the user during mapping.
+
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-server/ctl/devices/<device_name>/sessions/<session-name>/access_mode
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Contains the device access mode: ro, rw or migration.
+
+What: /sys/class/rnbd-server/ctl/devices/<device_name>/sessions/<session-name>/force_close
+Date: Nov 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Write "1" to the file to close the device on server side. Please
+ note that the client side device will not be closed, read or
+ write to the device will get -ENOTCONN.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..95984289a4ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtc
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+What: /sys/class/rtc/
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The rtc/ class subdirectory belongs to the RTC subsystem.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtcX/
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/rtc/rtc{0,1,2,3,...} directories correspond
+ to each RTC device.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtcX/date
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) RTC-provided date in YYYY-MM-DD format
+
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtcX/hctosys
+Date: September 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.32
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) 1 if the RTC provided the system time at boot via the
+ CONFIG_RTC_HCTOSYS kernel option, 0 otherwise
+
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtcX/max_user_freq
+Date: October 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.24
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The maximum interrupt rate an unprivileged user may request
+ from this RTC.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtcX/name
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The name of the RTC corresponding to this sysfs directory
+
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtcX/range
+Date: January 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.16
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Valid time range for the RTC, as seconds from epoch, formatted
+ as [min, max]
+
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtcX/since_epoch
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) RTC-provided time as the number of seconds since the epoch
+
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtcX/time
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) RTC-provided time in 24-hour notation (hh:mm:ss)
+
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtcX/offset
+Date: February 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The amount which the rtc clock has been adjusted in
+ firmware. Visible only if the driver supports clock offset
+ adjustment. The unit is parts per billion, i.e. The number of
+ clock ticks which are added to or removed from the rtc's base
+ clock per billion ticks. A positive value makes a day pass more
+ slowly, longer, and a negative value makes a day pass more
+ quickly.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtcX/wakealarm
+Date: February 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.20
+Contact: linux-rtc@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The time at which the clock will generate a system wakeup
+ event. This is a one shot wakeup event, so must be reset after
+ wake if a daily wakeup is required. Format is seconds since the
+ epoch by default, or if there's a leading +, seconds in the
+ future, or if there is a leading +=, seconds ahead of the
+ current alarm.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtc-rtc0-device-rtc_calibration b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtc-rtc0-device-rtc_calibration
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ee8ed6494a01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtc-rtc0-device-rtc_calibration
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/device/rtc_calibration
+Date: Oct 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.0
+Contact: Mark Godfrey <mark.godfrey@stericsson.com>
+Description: Attribute for calibrating ST-Ericsson AB8500 Real Time Clock
+ The rtc_calibration attribute allows the userspace to
+ calibrate the AB8500.s 32KHz Real Time Clock.
+ Every 60 seconds the AB8500 will correct the RTC's value
+ by adding to it the value of this attribute.
+
+ The range of the attribute is -127 to +127 in units of
+ 30.5 micro-seconds (half-parts-per-million of the 32KHz clock)
+Users: The /vendor/st-ericsson/base_utilities/core/rtc_calibration
+ daemon uses this interface.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtrs-client b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtrs-client
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fecc59d1b96f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtrs-client
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: When a user of RTRS API creates a new session, a directory entry with
+ the name of that session is created under /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/add_path
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RW, adds a new path (connection) to an existing session. Expected format is the
+ following::
+
+ <[source addr,]destination addr>
+ *addr ::= [ ip:<ipv4|ipv6> | gid:<gid> ]
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/max_reconnect_attempts
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Maximum number reconnect attempts the client should make before giving up
+ after connection breaks unexpectedly.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/mp_policy
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Multipath policy specifies which path should be selected on each IO:
+
+ round-robin (0):
+ select path in per CPU round-robin manner.
+
+ min-inflight (1):
+ select path with minimum inflights.
+
+ min-latency (2):
+ select path with minimum latency.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Each path belonging to a given session is listed here by its source and
+ destination address. When a new path is added to a session by writing to
+ the "add_path" entry, a directory <src@dst> is created.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/state
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RO, Contains "connected" if the session is connected to the peer and fully
+ functional. Otherwise the file contains "disconnected"
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/reconnect
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Write "1" to the file in order to reconnect the path.
+ Operation is blocking and returns 0 if reconnect was successful.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/disconnect
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Write "1" to the file in order to disconnect the path.
+ Operation blocks until RTRS path is disconnected.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/remove_path
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Write "1" to the file in order to disconnected and remove the path
+ from the session. Operation blocks until the path is disconnected
+ and removed from the session.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/hca_name
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RO, Contains the name of HCA the connection established on.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/hca_port
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RO, Contains the port number of active port traffic is going through.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/src_addr
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RO, Contains the source address of the path
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/dst_addr
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RO, Contains the destination address of the path
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/cur_latency
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RO, Contains the latency time calculated by the heart-beat messages.
+ Whenever the client sends heart-beat message, it checks the time gap
+ between sending the heart-beat message and receiving the ACK.
+ This value can be changed regularly.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/stats/reset_all
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RW, Read will return usage help, write 0 will clear all the statistics.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/stats/cpu_migration
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RTRS expects that each HCA IRQ is pinned to a separate CPU. If it's
+ not the case, the processing of an I/O response could be processed on a
+ different CPU than where it was originally submitted. This file shows
+ how many interrupts where generated on a non expected CPU.
+
+ "from:"
+ is the CPU on which the IRQ was expected, but not generated.
+ "to:"
+ is the CPU on which the IRQ was generated, but not expected.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/stats/reconnects
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Contains 2 unsigned int values, the first one records number of successful
+ reconnects in the path lifetime, the second one records number of failed
+ reconnects in the path lifetime.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-client/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/stats/rdma
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Contains statistics regarding rdma operations and inflight operations.
+ The output consists of 6 values::
+
+ <read-count> <read-total-size> <write-count> \
+ <write-total-size> <inflights> <failovered>
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtrs-server b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtrs-server
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b08601d80409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtrs-server
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-server
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: When a user of RTRS API creates a new session on a client side, a
+ directory entry with the name of that session is created in here.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-server/<session-name>/paths/
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: When new path is created by writing to "add_path" entry on client side,
+ a directory entry named as <source address>@<destination address> is created
+ on server.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-server/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/disconnect
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: When "1" is written to the file, the RTRS session is being disconnected.
+ Operations is non-blocking and returns control immediately to the caller.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-server/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/hca_name
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RO, Contains the name of HCA the connection established on.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-server/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/hca_port
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RO, Contains the port number of active port traffic is going through.
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-server/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/src_addr
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RO, Contains the source address of the path
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-server/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/dst_addr
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: RO, Contains the destination address of the path
+
+What: /sys/class/rtrs-server/<session-name>/paths/<src@dst>/stats/rdma
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@cloud.ionos.com> Danil Kipnis <danil.kipnis@cloud.ionos.com>
+Description: Contains statistics regarding rdma operations and inflight operations.
+ The output consists of 5 values:
+ <read-count> <read-total-size> <write-count> <write-total-size> <inflights>
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-scsi_host b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-scsi_host
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7c98d8f43c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-scsi_host
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/isci_id
+Date: June 2011
+Contact: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the enumerated host ID for the Intel
+ SCU controller. The Intel(R) C600 Series Chipset SATA/SAS
+ Storage Control Unit embeds up to two 4-port controllers in
+ a single PCI device. The controllers are enumerated in order
+ which usually means the lowest number scsi_host corresponds
+ with the first controller, but this association is not
+ guaranteed. The 'isci_id' attribute unambiguously identifies
+ the controller index: '0' for the first controller,
+ '1' for the second.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/acciopath_status
+Date: November 2013
+Contact: Stephen M. Cameron <scameron@beardog.cce.hp.com>
+Description: This file contains the current status of the "SSD Smart Path"
+ feature of HP Smart Array RAID controllers using the hpsa
+ driver. SSD Smart Path, when enabled permits the driver to
+ send i/o requests directly to physical devices that are part
+ of a logical drive, bypassing the controllers firmware RAID
+ stack for a performance advantage when possible. A value of
+ '1' indicates the feature is enabled, and the controller may
+ use the direct i/o path to physical devices. A value of zero
+ means the feature is disabled and the controller may not use
+ the direct i/o path to physical devices. This setting is
+ controller wide, affecting all configured logical drives on the
+ controller. This file is readable and writable.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/link_power_management_policy
+Date: Oct, 2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.24
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) This parameter allows the user to read and set the link
+ (interface) power management.
+
+ There are four possible options:
+
+ min_power: Tell the controller to try to make the link use the
+ least possible power when possible. This may sacrifice some
+ performance due to increased latency when coming out of lower
+ power states.
+
+ max_performance: Generally, this means no power management.
+ Tell the controller to have performance be a priority over power
+ management.
+
+ medium_power: Tell the controller to enter a lower power state
+ when possible, but do not enter the lowest power state, thus
+ improving latency over min_power setting.
+
+ med_power_with_dipm: Identical to the existing medium_power
+ setting except that it enables dipm (device initiated power
+ management) on top, which makes it match the Windows IRST (Intel
+ Rapid Storage Technology) driver settings. This setting is also
+ close to min_power, except that:
+
+ a) It does not use host-initiated slumber mode, but it does
+ allow device-initiated slumber
+ b) It does not enable low power device sleep mode (DevSlp).
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/em_message
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/em_message_type
+Date: Jun, 2008
+KernelVersion: v2.6.27
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ em_message: (RW) Enclosure management support. For the LED
+ protocol, writes and reads correspond to the LED message format
+ as defined in the AHCI spec.
+
+ The user must turn sw_activity (under `/sys/block/*/device/`)
+ OFF it they wish to control the activity LED via the em_message
+ file.
+
+ em_message_type: (RO) Displays the current enclosure management
+ protocol that is being used by the driver (for eg. LED, SAF-TE,
+ SES-2, SGPIO etc).
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/ahci_port_cmd
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/ahci_host_caps
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/ahci_host_cap2
+Date: Mar, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ [to be documented]
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/ahci_host_version
+Date: Mar, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Display the version of the AHCI spec implemented by the
+ host.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/em_buffer
+Date: Apr, 2010
+KernelVersion: v2.6.35
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Allows access to AHCI EM (enclosure management) buffer
+ directly if the host supports EM.
+
+ For eg. the AHCI driver supports SGPIO EM messages but the
+ SATA/AHCI specs do not define the SGPIO message format of the EM
+ buffer. Different hardware(HW) vendors may have different
+ definitions. With the em_buffer attribute, this issue can be
+ solved by allowing HW vendors to provide userland drivers and
+ tools for their SGPIO initiators.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/em_message_supported
+Date: Oct, 2009
+KernelVersion: v2.6.39
+Contact: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Displays supported enclosure management message types.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-scsi_tape b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-scsi_tape
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9be398b87ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-scsi_tape
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+What: /sys/class/scsi_tape/*/stats/in_flight
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Shane Seymour <shane.seymour@hp.com>
+Description:
+ Show the number of I/Os currently in-flight between the st
+ module and the SCSI mid-layer.
+Users:
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_tape/*/stats/io_ns
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Shane Seymour <shane.seymour@hp.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the total amount of time spent waiting for all I/O
+ to and from the tape drive to complete. This includes all
+ reads, writes, and other SCSI commands issued to the tape
+ drive. An example of other SCSI commands would be tape
+ movement such as a rewind when a rewind tape device is
+ closed. This item is measured in nanoseconds.
+
+ To determine the amount of time spent waiting for other I/O
+ to complete subtract read_ns and write_ns from this value.
+Users:
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_tape/*/stats/other_cnt
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Shane Seymour <shane.seymour@hp.com>
+Description:
+ The number of I/O requests issued to the tape drive other
+ than SCSI read/write requests.
+Users:
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_tape/*/stats/read_byte_cnt
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Shane Seymour <shane.seymour@hp.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the total number of bytes requested from the tape drive.
+ This value is presented in bytes because tape drives support
+ variable length block sizes.
+Users:
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_tape/*/stats/read_cnt
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Shane Seymour <shane.seymour@hp.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the total number of read requests issued to the tape
+ drive.
+Users:
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_tape/*/stats/read_ns
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Shane Seymour <shane.seymour@hp.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the total amount of time in nanoseconds waiting for
+ read I/O requests to complete.
+Users:
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_tape/*/stats/write_byte_cnt
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Shane Seymour <shane.seymour@hp.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the total number of bytes written to the tape drive.
+ This value is presented in bytes because tape drives support
+ variable length block sizes.
+Users:
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_tape/*/stats/write_cnt
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Shane Seymour <shane.seymour@hp.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the total number of write requests issued to the tape
+ drive.
+Users:
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_tape/*/stats/write_ms
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Shane Seymour <shane.seymour@hp.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the total amount of time in nanoseconds waiting for
+ write I/O requests to complete.
+Users:
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_tape/*/stats/resid_cnt
+Date: Apr 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Shane Seymour <shane.seymour@hp.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the number of times we found that a residual >0
+ was found when the SCSI midlayer indicated that there was
+ an error. For reads this may be a case of someone issuing
+ reads greater than the block size.
+Users:
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-spi-eeprom b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-spi-eeprom
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1ff757982079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-spi-eeprom
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /sys/class/spi_master/spi<bus>/spi<bus>.<dev>/fram
+Date: June 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.14
+Contact: Jiri Prchal <jiri.prchal@aksignal.cz>
+Description:
+ Contains the FRAM binary data. Same as EEPROM, just another file
+ name to indicate that it employs ferroelectric process.
+ It performs write operations at bus speed - no write delays.
+
+What: /sys/class/spi_master/spi<bus>/spi<bus>.<dev>/sernum
+Date: May 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.14
+Contact: Jiri Prchal <jiri.prchal@aksignal.cz>
+Description:
+ Contains the serial number of the Cypress FRAM (FM25VN) if it is
+ present. It will be displayed as a 8 byte hex string, as read
+ from the device.
+
+ This is a read-only attribute.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-stm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-stm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..77ed3da0f68e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-stm
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+What: /sys/class/stm/<stm>/masters
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows first and last available to software master numbers on
+ this STM device.
+
+What: /sys/class/stm/<stm>/channels
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the number of channels per master on this STM device.
+
+What: /sys/class/stm/<stm>/hw_override
+Date: March 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.7
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Reads as 0 if master numbers in the STP stream produced by
+ this stm device will match the master numbers assigned by
+ the software or 1 if the stm hardware overrides software
+ assigned masters.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-stm_source b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-stm_source
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..57b8dd39bbf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-stm_source
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+What: /sys/class/stm_source/<stm_source>/stm_source_link
+Date: June 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ stm_source device linkage to stm device, where its tracing data
+ is directed. Reads return an existing connection or "<none>" if
+ this stm_source is not connected to any stm device yet.
+ Write an existing (registered) stm device's name here to
+ connect that device. If a device is already connected to this
+ stm_source, it will first be disconnected.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-switchtec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-switchtec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..76c7a661a595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-switchtec
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+switchtec - Microsemi Switchtec PCI Switch Management Endpoint
+
+For details on this subsystem look at Documentation/driver-api/switchtec.rst.
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: The switchtec class subsystem folder.
+ Each registered switchtec driver is represented by a switchtecX
+ subfolder (X being an integer >= 0).
+
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec/switchtec[0-9]+/component_id
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: Component identifier as stored in the hardware (eg. PM8543)
+ (read only)
+Values: arbitrary string.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec/switchtec[0-9]+/component_revision
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: Component revision stored in the hardware (read only)
+Values: integer.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec/switchtec[0-9]+/component_vendor
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: Component vendor as stored in the hardware (eg. MICROSEM)
+ (read only)
+Values: arbitrary string.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec/switchtec[0-9]+/device_version
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: Device version as stored in the hardware (read only)
+Values: integer.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec/switchtec[0-9]+/fw_version
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: Currently running firmware version (read only)
+Values: integer (in hexadecimal).
+
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec/switchtec[0-9]+/partition
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: Partition number for this device in the switch (read only)
+Values: integer.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec/switchtec[0-9]+/partition_count
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: Total number of partitions in the switch (read only)
+Values: integer.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec/switchtec[0-9]+/product_id
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: Product identifier as stored in the hardware (eg. PSX 48XG3)
+ (read only)
+Values: arbitrary string.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec/switchtec[0-9]+/product_revision
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: Product revision stored in the hardware (eg. RevB)
+ (read only)
+Values: arbitrary string.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/switchtec/switchtec[0-9]+/product_vendor
+Date: 05-Jan-2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
+Description: Product vendor as stored in the hardware (eg. MICROSEM)
+ (read only)
+Values: arbitrary string.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-tee b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-tee
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c9144d16003e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-tee
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/class/tee/tee{,priv}X/rpmb_routing_model
+Date: May 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.10
+Contact: op-tee@lists.trustedfirmware.org
+Description:
+ RPMB frames can be routed to the RPMB device via the
+ user-space daemon tee-supplicant or the RPMB subsystem
+ in the kernel. The value "user" means that the driver
+ will route the RPMB frames via user space. Conversely,
+ "kernel" means that the frames are routed via the RPMB
+ subsystem without assistance from tee-supplicant. It
+ should be assumed that RPMB frames are routed via user
+ space if the variable is absent. The primary purpose
+ of this variable is to let systemd know whether
+ tee-supplicant is needed in the early boot with initramfs.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-thermal b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-thermal
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..968d89e15e8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-thermal
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/type
+Description:
+ Strings which represent the thermal zone type.
+ This is given by thermal zone driver as part of registration.
+ E.g: "acpitz" indicates it's an ACPI thermal device.
+ In order to keep it consistent with hwmon sys attribute; this
+ should be a short, lowercase string, not containing spaces nor
+ dashes.
+
+ RO, Required
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/temp
+Description:
+ Current temperature as reported by thermal zone (sensor).
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RO, Required
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/mode
+Description:
+ One of the predefined values in [enabled, disabled].
+ This file gives information about the algorithm that is
+ currently managing the thermal zone. It can be either default
+ kernel based algorithm or user space application.
+
+ enabled
+ enable Kernel Thermal management.
+ disabled
+ Preventing kernel thermal zone driver actions upon
+ trip points so that user application can take full
+ charge of the thermal management.
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/policy
+Description:
+ One of the various thermal governors used for a particular zone.
+
+ RW, Required
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/available_policies
+Description:
+ Available thermal governors which can be used for a
+ particular zone.
+
+ RO, Required
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/trip_point_Y_temp
+Description:
+ The temperature above which trip point will be fired.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RO, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/trip_point_Y_type
+Description:
+ Strings which indicate the type of the trip point.
+
+ E.g. it can be one of critical, hot, passive, `active[0-*]`
+ for ACPI thermal zone.
+
+ RO, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/trip_point_Y_hyst
+Description:
+ The hysteresis value for a trip point, represented as an
+ integer.
+
+ Unit: Celsius
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/cdevY
+Description:
+ Sysfs link to the thermal cooling device node where the sys I/F
+ for cooling device throttling control represents.
+
+ RO, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/cdevY_trip_point
+Description:
+ The trip point in this thermal zone which `cdev[0-*]` is
+ associated with; -1 means the cooling device is not
+ associated with any trip point.
+
+ RO, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/cdevY_weight
+Description:
+ The influence of `cdev[0-*]` in this thermal zone. This value
+ is relative to the rest of cooling devices in the thermal
+ zone. For example, if a cooling device has a weight double
+ than that of other, it's twice as effective in cooling the
+ thermal zone.
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/emul_temp
+Description:
+ Interface to set the emulated temperature method in thermal zone
+ (sensor). After setting this temperature, the thermal zone may
+ pass this temperature to platform emulation function if
+ registered or cache it locally. This is useful in debugging
+ different temperature threshold and its associated cooling
+ action. This is write only node and writing 0 on this node
+ should disable emulation.
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ WO, Optional
+
+ WARNING:
+ Be careful while enabling this option on production systems,
+ because userland can easily disable the thermal policy by simply
+ flooding this sysfs node with low temperature values.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/k_d
+Description:
+ The derivative term of the power allocator governor's PID
+ controller. For more information see
+ Documentation/driver-api/thermal/power_allocator.rst
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/k_i
+Description:
+ The integral term of the power allocator governor's PID
+ controller. This term allows the PID controller to compensate
+ for long term drift. For more information see
+ Documentation/driver-api/thermal/power_allocator.rst
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/k_po
+Description:
+ The proportional term of the power allocator governor's PID
+ controller during temperature overshoot. Temperature overshoot
+ is when the current temperature is above the "desired
+ temperature" trip point. For more information see
+ Documentation/driver-api/thermal/power_allocator.rst
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/k_pu
+Description:
+ The proportional term of the power allocator governor's PID
+ controller during temperature undershoot. Temperature undershoot
+ is when the current temperature is below the "desired
+ temperature" trip point. For more information see
+ Documentation/driver-api/thermal/power_allocator.rst
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/integral_cutoff
+Description:
+ Temperature offset from the desired temperature trip point
+ above which the integral term of the power allocator
+ governor's PID controller starts accumulating errors. For
+ example, if integral_cutoff is 0, then the integral term only
+ accumulates error when temperature is above the desired
+ temperature trip point. For more information see
+ Documentation/driver-api/thermal/power_allocator.rst
+
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/slope
+Description:
+ The slope constant used in a linear extrapolation model
+ to determine a hotspot temperature based off the sensor's
+ raw readings. It is up to the device driver to determine
+ the usage of these values.
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/offset
+Description:
+ The offset constant used in a linear extrapolation model
+ to determine a hotspot temperature based off the sensor's
+ raw readings. It is up to the device driver to determine
+ the usage of these values.
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/sustainable_power
+Description:
+ An estimate of the sustained power that can be dissipated by
+ the thermal zone. Used by the power allocator governor. For
+ more information see
+ Documentation/driver-api/thermal/power_allocator.rst
+
+ Unit: milliwatts
+
+ RW, Optional
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/cooling_deviceX/type
+Description:
+ String which represents the type of device, e.g:
+
+ - for generic ACPI: should be "Fan", "Processor" or "LCD"
+ - for memory controller device on intel_menlow platform:
+ should be "Memory controller".
+
+ RO, Required
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/cooling_deviceX/max_state
+Description:
+ The maximum permissible cooling state of this cooling device.
+
+ RO, Required
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/cooling_deviceX/cur_state
+Description:
+ The current cooling state of this cooling device.
+ The value can any integer numbers between 0 and max_state:
+
+ - cur_state == 0 means no cooling
+ - cur_state == max_state means the maximum cooling.
+
+ RW, Required
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/cooling_deviceX/stats/reset
+Description:
+ Writing any value resets the cooling device's statistics.
+
+ WO, Required
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/cooling_deviceX/stats/time_in_state_ms:
+Description:
+ The amount of time spent by the cooling device in various
+ cooling states. The output will have "<state> <time>" pair
+ in each line, which will mean this cooling device spent <time>
+ msec of time at <state>.
+
+ Output will have one line for each of the supported states.
+
+ RO, Required
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/cooling_deviceX/stats/total_trans
+Description:
+ A single positive value showing the total number of times
+ the state of a cooling device is changed.
+
+ RO, Required
+
+What: /sys/class/thermal/cooling_deviceX/stats/trans_table
+Description:
+ This gives fine grained information about all the cooling state
+ transitions. The cat output here is a two dimensional matrix,
+ where an entry <i,j> (row i, column j) represents the number
+ of transitions from State_i to State_j. If the transition
+ table is bigger than PAGE_SIZE, reading this will return
+ an -EFBIG error.
+
+ RO, Required
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-typec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-typec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..38e101c17a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-typec
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+USB Type-C port devices (eg. /sys/class/typec/port0/)
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/data_role
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The supported USB data roles. This attribute can be used for
+ requesting data role swapping on the port. Swapping is supported
+ as synchronous operation, so write(2) to the attribute will not
+ return until the operation has finished. The attribute is
+ notified about role changes so that poll(2) on the attribute
+ wakes up. Change on the role will also generate uevent
+ KOBJ_CHANGE on the port. The current role is show in brackets,
+ for example "[host] device" when DRP port is in host mode.
+
+ Valid values: host, device
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/power_role
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The supported power roles. This attribute can be used to request
+ power role swap on the port. Swapping is supported as
+ synchronous operation, so write(2) to the attribute will not
+ return until the operation has finished. The attribute is
+ notified about role changes so that poll(2) on the attribute
+ wakes up. Change on the role will also generate uevent
+ KOBJ_CHANGE. The current role is show in brackets, for example
+ "[source] sink" when in source mode.
+
+ Valid values: source, sink
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/port_type
+Date: May 2017
+Contact: Badhri Jagan Sridharan <Badhri@google.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the type of the port. This attribute can be used for
+ requesting a change in the port type. Port type change is
+ supported as a synchronous operation, so write(2) to the
+ attribute will not return until the operation has finished.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ ====== ==============================================
+ source (The port will behave as source only DFP port)
+ sink (The port will behave as sink only UFP port)
+ dual (The port will behave as dual-role-data and
+ dual-role-power port)
+ ====== ==============================================
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/vconn_source
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows is the port VCONN Source. This attribute can be used to
+ request VCONN swap to change the VCONN Source during connection
+ when both the port and the partner support USB Power Delivery.
+ Swapping is supported as synchronous operation, so write(2) to
+ the attribute will not return until the operation has finished.
+ The attribute is notified about VCONN source changes so that
+ poll(2) on the attribute wakes up. Change on VCONN source also
+ generates uevent KOBJ_CHANGE.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - "no" when the port is not the VCONN Source
+ - "yes" when the port is the VCONN Source
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/power_operation_mode
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the current power operational mode the port is in. The
+ power operation mode means current level for VBUS. In case USB
+ Power Delivery communication is used for negotiating the levels,
+ power operation mode should show "usb_power_delivery".
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ - default
+ - 1.5A
+ - 3.0A
+ - usb_power_delivery
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/preferred_role
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The user space can notify the driver about the preferred role.
+ It should be handled as enabling of Try.SRC or Try.SNK, as
+ defined in USB Type-C specification, in the port drivers. By
+ default the preferred role should come from the platform.
+
+ Valid values: source, sink, none (to remove preference)
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/supported_accessory_modes
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Space separated list of accessory modes, defined in the USB
+ Type-C specification, the port supports.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/usb_power_delivery_revision
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Revision number of the supported USB Power Delivery
+ specification, or 0.0 when USB Power Delivery is not supported.
+
+ Example values:
+ - "2.0": USB Power Delivery Release 2.0
+ - "3.0": USB Power Delivery Release 3.0
+ - "3.1": USB Power Delivery Release 3.1
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-{partner|cable}/usb_power_delivery_revision
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Benson Leung <bleung@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ Revision number of the supported USB Power Delivery
+ specification of the port partner or cable, or 0.0 when USB
+ Power Delivery is not supported.
+
+ Example values:
+ - "2.0": USB Power Delivery Release 2.0
+ - "3.0": USB Power Delivery Release 3.0
+ - "3.1": USB Power Delivery Release 3.1
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/usb_typec_revision
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Revision number of the supported USB Type-C specification.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/orientation
+Date: February 2020
+Contact: Badhri Jagan Sridharan <badhri@google.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the active orientation of the Type-C connector.
+ Valid values:
+ - "normal": CC1 orientation
+ - "reverse": CC2 orientation
+ - "unknown": Orientation cannot be determined.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/select_usb_power_delivery
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Lists the USB Power Delivery Capabilities that the port can
+ advertise to the partner. The currently used capabilities are in
+ brackets. Selection happens by writing to the file.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/usb_capability
+Date: November 2024
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description: Lists the supported USB Modes. The default USB mode that is used
+ next time with the Enter_USB Message is in brackets. The default
+ mode can be changed by writing to the file when supported by the
+ driver.
+
+ Valid values:
+ - usb2 (USB 2.0)
+ - usb3 (USB 3.2)
+ - usb4 (USB4)
+
+USB Type-C partner devices (eg. /sys/class/typec/port0-partner/)
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-partner/accessory_mode
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the Accessory Mode name when the partner is an Accessory.
+ The Accessory Modes are defined in USB Type-C Specification.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-partner/supports_usb_power_delivery
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows if the partner supports USB Power Delivery communication:
+ Valid values: yes, no
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-partner/number_of_alternate_modes
+Date: November 2020
+Contact: Prashant Malani <pmalani@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ Shows the number of alternate modes which are advertised by the partner
+ during Power Delivery discovery. This file remains hidden until a value
+ greater than or equal to 0 is set by Type C port driver.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-partner/type
+Date: December 2020
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description: USB Power Delivery Specification defines a set of product types
+ for the partner devices. This file will show the product type of
+ the partner if it is known. Dual-role capable partners will have
+ both UFP and DFP product types defined, but only one that
+ matches the current role will be active at the time. If the
+ product type of the partner is not visible to the device driver,
+ this file will not exist.
+
+ When the partner product type is detected, or changed with role
+ swap, uvevent is also raised that contains PRODUCT_TYPE=<product
+ type> (for example PRODUCT_TYPE=hub).
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ UFP / device role
+ ====================== ==========================
+ undefined -
+ hub PDUSB Hub
+ peripheral PDUSB Peripheral
+ psd Power Bank
+ ama Alternate Mode Adapter
+ ====================== ==========================
+
+ DFP / host role
+ ====================== ==========================
+ undefined -
+ hub PDUSB Hub
+ host PDUSB Host
+ power_brick Power Brick
+ amc Alternate Mode Controller
+ ====================== ==========================
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-partner/identity/
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This directory appears only if the port device driver is capable
+ of showing the result of Discover Identity USB power delivery
+ command. That will not always be possible even when USB power
+ delivery is supported, for example when USB power delivery
+ communication for the port is mostly handled in firmware. If the
+ directory exists, it will have an attribute file for every VDO
+ in Discover Identity command result.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-partner/usb_mode
+Date: November 2024
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description: The USB Modes that the partner device supports. The active mode
+ is displayed in brackets. The active USB mode can be changed by
+ writing to this file when the port driver is able to send Data
+ Reset Message to the partner. That requires USB Power Delivery
+ contract between the partner and the port.
+
+ Valid values:
+ - usb2 (USB 2.0)
+ - usb3 (USB 3.2)
+ - usb4 (USB4)
+
+USB Type-C cable devices (eg. /sys/class/typec/port0-cable/)
+
+Note: Electronically Marked Cables will have a device also for one cable plug
+(eg. /sys/class/typec/port0-plug0). If the cable is active and has also SOP
+Double Prime controller (USB Power Deliver specification ch. 2.4) it will have
+second device also for the other plug. Both plugs may have alternate modes as
+described in USB Type-C and USB Power Delivery specifications.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-cable/type
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description: USB Power Delivery Specification defines a set of product types
+ for the cables. This file will show the product type of the
+ cable if it is known. If the product type of the cable is not
+ visible to the device driver, this file will not exist.
+
+ When the cable product type is detected, uvevent is also raised
+ with PRODUCT_TYPE showing the product type of the cable.
+
+ Valid values:
+
+ ====================== ==========================
+ undefined -
+ active Active Cable
+ passive Passive Cable
+ ====================== ==========================
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-cable/plug_type
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows type of the plug on the cable:
+
+ - type-a - Standard A
+ - type-b - Standard B
+ - type-c
+ - captive
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-<plug>/number_of_alternate_modes
+Date: November 2020
+Contact: Prashant Malani <pmalani@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ Shows the number of alternate modes which are advertised by the plug
+ associated with a particular cable during Power Delivery discovery.
+ This file remains hidden until a value greater than or equal to 0
+ is set by Type C port driver.
+
+
+USB Type-C partner/cable Power Delivery Identity objects
+
+NOTE: The following attributes will be applicable to both
+partner (e.g /sys/class/typec/port0-partner/) and
+cable (e.g /sys/class/typec/port0-cable/) devices. Consequently, the example file
+paths below are prefixed with "/sys/class/typec/<port>-{partner|cable}/" to
+reflect this.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-{partner|cable}/identity/
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This directory appears only if the port device driver is capable
+ of showing the result of Discover Identity USB power delivery
+ command. That will not always be possible even when USB power
+ delivery is supported, for example when USB power delivery
+ communication for the port is mostly handled in firmware. If the
+ directory exists, it will have an attribute file for every VDO
+ in Discover Identity command result.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-{partner|cable}/identity/id_header
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ ID Header VDO part of Discover Identity command result. The
+ value will show 0 until Discover Identity command result becomes
+ available. The value can be polled.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-{partner|cable}/identity/cert_stat
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Cert Stat VDO part of Discover Identity command result. The
+ value will show 0 until Discover Identity command result becomes
+ available. The value can be polled.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-{partner|cable}/identity/product
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Product VDO part of Discover Identity command result. The value
+ will show 0 until Discover Identity command result becomes
+ available. The value can be polled.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-{partner|cable}/identity/product_type_vdo1
+Date: October 2020
+Contact: Prashant Malani <pmalani@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ 1st Product Type VDO of Discover Identity command result.
+ The value will show 0 until Discover Identity command result becomes
+ available and a valid Product Type VDO is returned.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-{partner|cable}/identity/product_type_vdo2
+Date: October 2020
+Contact: Prashant Malani <pmalani@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ 2nd Product Type VDO of Discover Identity command result.
+ The value will show 0 until Discover Identity command result becomes
+ available and a valid Product Type VDO is returned.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>-{partner|cable}/identity/product_type_vdo3
+Date: October 2020
+Contact: Prashant Malani <pmalani@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ 3rd Product Type VDO of Discover Identity command result.
+ The value will show 0 until Discover Identity command result becomes
+ available and a valid Product Type VDO is returned.
+
+
+USB Type-C port alternate mode devices.
+
+What: /sys/class/typec/<port>/<alt mode>/supported_roles
+Date: April 2017
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Space separated list of the supported roles.
+
+ Valid values: source, sink
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-usb_power_delivery b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-usb_power_delivery
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..61d233c320ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-usb_power_delivery
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Directory for USB Power Delivery devices.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../revision
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ File showing the USB Power Delivery Specification Revision used
+ in communication.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../version
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This is an optional attribute file showing the version of the
+ specific revision of the USB Power Delivery Specification. In
+ most cases the specification version is not known and the file
+ is not available.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../source-capabilities
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The source capabilities message "Source_Capabilities" contains a
+ set of Power Data Objects (PDO), each representing a type of
+ power supply. The order of the PDO objects is defined in the USB
+ Power Delivery Specification. Each PDO - power supply - will
+ have its own device, and the PDO device name will start with the
+ object position number as the first character followed by the
+ power supply type name (":" as delimiter).
+
+ /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../source_capabilities/<position>:<type>
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../sink-capabilities
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The sink capability message "Sink_Capabilities" contains a set
+ of Power Data Objects (PDO) just like with source capabilities,
+ but instead of describing the power capabilities, these objects
+ describe the power requirements.
+
+ The order of the objects in the sink capability message is the
+ same as with the source capabilities message.
+
+Fixed Supplies
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:fixed_supply
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Devices containing the attributes (the bit fields) defined for
+ Fixed Supplies.
+
+ The device "1:fixed_supply" is special. USB Power Delivery
+ Specification dictates that the first PDO (at object position
+ 1), and the only mandatory PDO, is always the vSafe5V Fixed
+ Supply Object. vSafe5V Object has additional fields defined for
+ it that the other Fixed Supply Objects do not have and that are
+ related to the USB capabilities rather than power capabilities.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/1:fixed_supply/dual_role_power
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains boolean value that tells does the device
+ support both source and sink power roles.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../source-capabilities/1:fixed_supply/usb_suspend_supported
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file shows the value of the USB Suspend Supported bit in
+ vSafe5V Fixed Supply Object. If the bit is set then the device
+ will follow the USB 2.0 and USB 3.2 rules for suspend and
+ resume.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../sink-capabilities/1:fixed_supply/higher_capability
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: Saranya Gopal <saranya.gopal@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file shows the value of the Higher capability bit in
+ vsafe5V Fixed Supply Object. If the bit is set, then the sink
+ needs more than vsafe5V(eg. 12 V) to provide full functionality.
+ Valid values: 0, 1
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/1:fixed_supply/unconstrained_power
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file shows the value of the Unconstrained Power bit in
+ vSafe5V Fixed Supply Object. The bit is set when an external
+ source of power, powerful enough to power the entire system on
+ its own, is available for the device.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/1:fixed_supply/usb_communication_capable
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file shows the value of the USB Communication Capable bit in
+ vSafe5V Fixed Supply Object.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/1:fixed_supply/dual_role_data
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file shows the value of the Dual-Role Data bit in vSafe5V
+ Fixed Supply Object. Dual role data means ability act as both
+ USB host and USB device.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/1:fixed_supply/unchunked_extended_messages_supported
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file shows the value of the Unchunked Extended Messages
+ Supported bit in vSafe5V Fixed Supply Object.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:fixed_supply/voltage
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The voltage the supply supports in millivolts.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../source-capabilities/<position>:fixed_supply/peak_current
+Date: October 2023
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file shows the value of the Fixed Power Source Peak Current
+ Capability field.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../source-capabilities/<position>:fixed_supply/maximum_current
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Maximum current of the fixed source supply in milliamperes.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../sink-capabilities/<position>:fixed_supply/operational_current
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Operational current of the sink in milliamperes.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../sink-capabilities/<position>:fixed_supply/fast_role_swap_current
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the value of the "Fast Role Swap USB Type-C
+ Current" field that tells the current level the sink requires
+ after a Fast Role Swap.
+ 0 - Fast Swap not supported"
+ 1 - Default USB Power"
+ 2 - 1.5A@5V"
+ 3 - 3.0A@5V"
+
+Variable Supplies
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:variable_supply
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Variable Power Supply PDO.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:variable_supply/maximum_voltage
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Maximum Voltage in millivolts.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:variable_supply/minimum_voltage
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Minimum Voltage in millivolts.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../source-capabilities/<position>:variable_supply/maximum_current
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The maximum current in milliamperes that the source can supply
+ at the given Voltage range.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../sink-capabilities/<position>:variable_supply/operational_current
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The operational current in milliamperes that the sink requires
+ at the given Voltage range.
+
+Battery Supplies
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:battery
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Battery PDO.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:battery/maximum_voltage
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Maximum Voltage in millivolts.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:battery/minimum_voltage
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Minimum Voltage in millivolts.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../source-capabilities/<position>:battery/maximum_power
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Maximum allowable Power in milliwatts.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../sink-capabilities/<position>:battery/operational_power
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The operational power that the sink requires at the given
+ voltage range.
+
+Standard Power Range (SPR) Programmable Power Supplies
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:programmable_supply
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Programmable Power Supply (PPS) Augmented PDO (APDO).
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:programmable_supply/maximum_voltage
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Maximum Voltage in millivolts.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:programmable_supply/minimum_voltage
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Minimum Voltage in millivolts.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../<capability>/<position>:programmable_supply/maximum_current
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Maximum Current in milliamperes.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_power_delivery/.../source-capabilities/<position>:programmable_supply/pps_power_limited
+Date: May 2022
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The PPS Power Limited bit indicates whether or not the source
+ supply will exceed the rated output power if requested.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-usb_role b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-usb_role
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9fab3f06679e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-usb_role
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: /sys/class/usb_role/
+Date: Jan 2018
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Place in sysfs for USB Role Switches. USB Role Switch is a
+ device that can select the data role (host or device) for USB
+ port.
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_role/<switch>/role
+Date: Jan 2018
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The current role of the switch. This attribute can be used for
+ requesting role swapping with non-USB Type-C ports. With USB
+ Type-C ports, the ABI defined for USB Type-C connector class
+ must be used.
+
+ Valid values:
+ - none
+ - host
+ - device
+
+What: /sys/class/usb_role/<switch>/connector
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Optional symlink to the USB Type-C connector.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-vduse b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-vduse
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2f2bc5c8fc48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-vduse
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+What: /sys/class/vduse/
+Date: Oct 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: Yongji Xie <xieyongji@bytedance.com>
+Description:
+ The vduse/ class sub-directory belongs to the VDUSE
+ framework and provides a sysfs interface for configuring
+ VDUSE devices.
+
+What: /sys/class/vduse/control/
+Date: Oct 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: Yongji Xie <xieyongji@bytedance.com>
+Description:
+ This directory entry is created for the control device
+ of VDUSE framework.
+
+What: /sys/class/vduse/<device-name>/
+Date: Oct 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: Yongji Xie <xieyongji@bytedance.com>
+Description:
+ This directory entry is created when a VDUSE device is
+ created via the control device.
+
+What: /sys/class/vduse/<device-name>/msg_timeout
+Date: Oct 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: Yongji Xie <xieyongji@bytedance.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) The timeout (in seconds) for waiting for the control
+ message's response from userspace. Default value is 30s.
+ Writing a '0' to the file means to disable the timeout.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-wakeup b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-wakeup
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..754aab8b6dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-wakeup
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/wakeup/ directory contains pointers to all
+ wakeup sources in the kernel at that moment in time.
+
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/.../name
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the name of the wakeup source.
+
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/.../active_count
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the number of times the wakeup source was
+ activated.
+
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/.../event_count
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the number of signaled wakeup events
+ associated with the wakeup source.
+
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/.../wakeup_count
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the number of times the wakeup source might
+ abort suspend.
+
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/.../expire_count
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the number of times the wakeup source's
+ timeout has expired.
+
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/.../active_time_ms
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the amount of time the wakeup source has
+ been continuously active, in milliseconds. If the wakeup
+ source is not active, this file contains '0'.
+
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/.../total_time_ms
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the total amount of time this wakeup source
+ has been active, in milliseconds.
+
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/.../max_time_ms
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the maximum amount of time this wakeup
+ source has been continuously active, in milliseconds.
+
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/.../last_change_ms
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the monotonic clock time when the wakeup
+ source was touched last time, in milliseconds.
+
+What: /sys/class/wakeup/.../prevent_suspend_time_ms
+Date: June 2019
+Contact: Tri Vo <trong@android.com>
+Description:
+ The file contains the total amount of time this wakeup source
+ has been preventing autosleep, in milliseconds.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-watchdog b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-watchdog
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..70eabccf0557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-watchdog
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/bootstatus
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
+Description:
+ It is a read only file. It contains status of the watchdog
+ device at boot. It is equivalent to WDIOC_GETBOOTSTATUS of
+ ioctl interface.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/options
+Date: April 2023
+Contact: Thomas Weißschuh
+Description:
+ It is a read only file. It contains options of watchdog device.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/fw_version
+Date: April 2023
+Contact: Thomas Weißschuh
+Description:
+ It is a read only file. It contains firmware version of
+ watchdog device.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/identity
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
+Description:
+ It is a read only file. It contains identity string of
+ watchdog device.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/nowayout
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
+Description:
+ It is a read/write file. While reading, it gives '1'
+ if the device has the nowayout feature set, otherwise
+ it gives '0'. Writing a '1' to the file enables the
+ nowayout feature. Once set, the nowayout feature
+ cannot be disabled, so writing a '0' either has no
+ effect (if the feature was already disabled) or
+ results in a permission error.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/state
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
+Description:
+ It is a read only file. It gives active/inactive status of
+ watchdog device.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/status
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
+Description:
+ It is a read only file. It contains watchdog device's
+ internal status bits. It is equivalent to WDIOC_GETSTATUS
+ of ioctl interface.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/timeleft
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
+Description:
+ It is a read only file. It contains value of time left for
+ reset generation. It is equivalent to WDIOC_GETTIMELEFT of
+ ioctl interface.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/timeout
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
+Description:
+ It is a read only file. It is read to know about current
+ value of timeout programmed.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/pretimeout
+Date: December 2016
+Contact: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
+Description:
+ It is a read only file. It specifies the time in seconds before
+ timeout when the pretimeout interrupt is delivered. Pretimeout
+ is an optional feature.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/pretimeout_available_governors
+Date: February 2017
+Contact: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
+Description:
+ It is a read only file. It shows the pretimeout governors
+ available for this watchdog.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdogn/pretimeout_governor
+Date: February 2017
+Contact: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
+Description:
+ It is a read/write file. When read, the currently assigned
+ pretimeout governor is returned. When written, it sets
+ the pretimeout governor.
+
+What: /sys/class/watchdog/watchdog1/access_cs0
+Date: August 2019
+Contact: Ivan Mikhaylov <i.mikhaylov@yadro.com>,
+ Alexander Amelkin <a.amelkin@yadro.com>
+Description:
+ It is a read/write file. This attribute exists only if the
+ system has booted from the alternate flash chip due to
+ expiration of a watchdog timer of AST2400/AST2500 when
+ alternate boot function was enabled with 'aspeed,alt-boot'
+ devicetree option for that watchdog or with an appropriate
+ h/w strapping (for WDT2 only).
+
+ At alternate flash the 'access_cs0' sysfs node provides:
+
+ ast2400:
+ a way to get access to the primary SPI flash
+ chip at CS0 after booting from the alternate
+ chip at CS1.
+ ast2500:
+ a way to restore the normal address mapping
+ from (CS0->CS1, CS1->CS0) to (CS0->CS0,
+ CS1->CS1).
+
+ Clearing the boot code selection and timeout counter also
+ resets to the initial state the chip select line mapping. When
+ the SoC is in normal mapping state (i.e. booted from CS0),
+ clearing those bits does nothing for both versions of the SoC.
+ For alternate boot mode (booted from CS1 due to wdt2
+ expiration) the behavior differs as described above.
+
+ This option can be used with wdt2 (watchdog1) only.
+
+ When read, the current status of the boot code selection is
+ shown. When written with any non-zero value, it clears
+ the boot code selection and the timeout counter, which results
+ in chipselect reset for AST2400/AST2500.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-zram b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-zram
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..48ddacbe0e69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-zram
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+What: /sys/class/zram-control/
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The zram-control/ class sub-directory belongs to zram
+ device class
+
+What: /sys/class/zram-control/hot_add
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ RO attribute. Read operation will cause zram to add a new
+ device and return its device id back to user (so one can
+ use /dev/zram<id>), or error code.
+
+What: /sys/class/zram-control/hot_remove
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ WO attribute. Remove a specific /dev/zramX device, where X
+ is a device_id provided by user.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-dev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-dev
index a9f2b8b0530f..d1739063e762 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-dev
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-dev
@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@ Description: The /sys/dev tree provides a method to look up the sysfs
the form "<major>:<minor>". These links point to the
corresponding sysfs path for the given device.
- Example:
- $ readlink /sys/dev/block/8:32
- ../../block/sdc
+ Example::
+
+ $ readlink /sys/dev/block/8:32
+ ../../block/sdc
Entries in /sys/dev/char and /sys/dev/block will be
dynamically created and destroyed as devices enter and
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices
index 6a25671ee5f6..5fcc94358b8d 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
What: /sys/devices
Date: February 2006
-Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
+Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Description:
The /sys/devices tree contains a snapshot of the
internal state of the kernel device tree. Devices will
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-consumer b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-consumer
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0809fda092e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-consumer
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../consumer:<consumer>
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../consumer:<consumer> are symlinks to device
+ links where this device is the supplier. <consumer> denotes the
+ name of the consumer in that device link and is of the form
+ bus:device name. There can be zero or more of these symlinks
+ for a given device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-coredump b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-coredump
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e459368533a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-coredump
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../coredump
+Date: December 2017
+Contact: Arend van Spriel <aspriel@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../coredump attribute is only present when the
+ device is bound to a driver, which provides the .coredump()
+ callback. The attribute is write only. Anything written to this
+ file will trigger the .coredump() callback.
+
+ Available when CONFIG_DEV_COREDUMP is enabled.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-edac b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-edac
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..256a9e990c0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-edac
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/reset_counters
+Date: January 2006
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This write-only control file will zero all the statistical
+ counters for UE and CE errors on the given memory controller.
+ Zeroing the counters will also reset the timer indicating how
+ long since the last counter were reset. This is useful for
+ computing errors/time. Since the counters are always reset
+ at driver initialization time, no module/kernel parameter
+ is available.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/seconds_since_reset
+Date: January 2006
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file displays how many seconds have elapsed
+ since the last counter reset. This can be used with the error
+ counters to measure error rates.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/mc_name
+Date: January 2006
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file displays the type of memory controller
+ that is being utilized.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/size_mb
+Date: January 2006
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file displays, in count of megabytes, of memory
+ that this memory controller manages.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/ue_count
+Date: January 2006
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file displays the total count of uncorrectable
+ errors that have occurred on this memory controller. If
+ panic_on_ue is set, this counter will not have a chance to
+ increment, since EDAC will panic the system
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/ue_noinfo_count
+Date: January 2006
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file displays the number of UEs that have
+ occurred on this memory controller with no information as to
+ which DIMM slot is having errors.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/ce_count
+Date: January 2006
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file displays the total count of correctable
+ errors that have occurred on this memory controller. This
+ count is very important to examine. CEs provide early
+ indications that a DIMM is beginning to fail. This count
+ field should be monitored for non-zero values and report
+ such information to the system administrator.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/ce_noinfo_count
+Date: January 2006
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file displays the number of CEs that
+ have occurred on this memory controller wherewith no
+ information as to which DIMM slot is having errors. Memory is
+ handicapped, but operational, yet no information is available
+ to indicate which slot the failing memory is in. This count
+ field should be also be monitored for non-zero values.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/sdram_scrub_rate
+Date: February 2007
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Read/Write attribute file that controls memory scrubbing.
+ The scrubbing rate used by the memory controller is set by
+ writing a minimum bandwidth in bytes/sec to the attribute file.
+ The rate will be translated to an internal value that gives at
+ least the specified rate.
+ Reading the file will return the actual scrubbing rate employed.
+ If configuration fails or memory scrubbing is not implemented,
+ the value of the attribute file will be -1.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/max_location
+Date: April 2012
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+ linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file displays the information about the last
+ available memory slot in this memory controller. It is used by
+ userspace tools in order to display the memory filling layout.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/size
+Date: April 2012
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+ linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file will display the size of dimm or rank.
+ For dimm*/size, this is the size, in MB of the DIMM memory
+ stick. For rank*/size, this is the size, in MB for one rank
+ of the DIMM memory stick. On single rank memories (1R), this
+ is also the total size of the dimm. On dual rank (2R) memories,
+ this is half the size of the total DIMM memories.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_dev_type
+Date: April 2012
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+ linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file will display what type of DRAM device is
+ being utilized on this DIMM (x1, x2, x4, x8, ...).
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_edac_mode
+Date: April 2012
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+ linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file will display what type of Error detection
+ and correction is being utilized. For example: S4ECD4ED would
+ mean a Chipkill with x4 DRAM.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_label
+Date: April 2012
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+ linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This control file allows this DIMM to have a label assigned
+ to it. With this label in the module, when errors occur
+ the output can provide the DIMM label in the system log.
+ This becomes vital for panic events to isolate the
+ cause of the UE event.
+ DIMM Labels must be assigned after booting, with information
+ that correctly identifies the physical slot with its
+ silk screen label. This information is currently very
+ motherboard specific and determination of this information
+ must occur in userland at this time.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_location
+Date: April 2012
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+ linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file will display the location (csrow/channel,
+ branch/channel/slot or channel/slot) of the dimm or rank.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_mem_type
+Date: April 2012
+Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+ linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file will display what type of memory is
+ currently on this csrow. Normally, either buffered or
+ unbuffered memory (for example, Unbuffered-DDR3).
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_ce_count
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file displays the total count of correctable
+ errors that have occurred on this DIMM. This count is very important
+ to examine. CEs provide early indications that a DIMM is beginning
+ to fail. This count field should be monitored for non-zero values
+ and report such information to the system administrator.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_ue_count
+Date: October 2016
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This attribute file displays the total count of uncorrectable
+ errors that have occurred on this DIMM. If panic_on_ue is set, this
+ counter will not have a chance to increment, since EDAC will panic the
+ system
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-firmware_node b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-firmware_node
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..46badc9ea284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-firmware_node
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../firmware_node/
+Date: September 2012
+Contact: <>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../firmware_node directory contains attributes
+ allowing the user space to check and modify some firmware
+ related properties of given device.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../firmware_node/description
+Date: September 2012
+Contact: Lance Ortiz <lance.ortiz@hp.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../firmware/description attribute contains a string
+ that describes the device as provided by the _STR method in the ACPI
+ namespace. This attribute is read-only. If the device does not have
+ an _STR method associated with it in the ACPI namespace, this
+ attribute is not present.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-lpss_ltr b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-lpss_ltr
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ea9298d9bbaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-lpss_ltr
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../lpss_ltr/
+Date: March 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../lpss_ltr/ directory is only present for
+ devices included into the Intel Lynxpoint Low Power Subsystem
+ (LPSS). If present, it contains attributes containing the LTR
+ mode and the values of LTR registers of the device.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../lpss_ltr/ltr_mode
+Date: March 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../lpss_ltr/ltr_mode attribute contains an
+ integer number (0 or 1) indicating whether or not the devices'
+ LTR functionality is working in the software mode (1).
+
+ This attribute is read-only. If the device's runtime PM status
+ is not "active", attempts to read from this attribute cause
+ -EAGAIN to be returned.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../lpss_ltr/auto_ltr
+Date: March 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../lpss_ltr/auto_ltr attribute contains the
+ current value of the device's AUTO_LTR register (raw)
+ represented as an 8-digit hexadecimal number.
+
+ This attribute is read-only. If the device's runtime PM status
+ is not "active", attempts to read from this attribute cause
+ -EAGAIN to be returned.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../lpss_ltr/sw_ltr
+Date: March 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../lpss_ltr/auto_ltr attribute contains the
+ current value of the device's SW_LTR register (raw) represented
+ as an 8-digit hexadecimal number.
+
+ This attribute is read-only. If the device's runtime PM status
+ is not "active", attempts to read from this attribute cause
+ -EAGAIN to be returned.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-mapping b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-mapping
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2eee1446ad4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-mapping
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+What: /sys/devices/uncore_iio_x/dieX
+Date: February 2020
+Contact: Alexander Antonov <alexander.antonov@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Each IIO stack (PCIe root port) has its own IIO PMON block, so
+ each dieX file (where X is die number) holds "Segment:Root Bus"
+ for PCIe root port, which can be monitored by that IIO PMON
+ block.
+ For example, on 4-die Xeon platform with up to 6 IIO stacks per
+ die and, therefore, 6 IIO PMON blocks per die, the mapping of
+ IIO PMON block 0 exposes as the following::
+
+ $ ls /sys/devices/uncore_iio_0/die*
+ -r--r--r-- /sys/devices/uncore_iio_0/die0
+ -r--r--r-- /sys/devices/uncore_iio_0/die1
+ -r--r--r-- /sys/devices/uncore_iio_0/die2
+ -r--r--r-- /sys/devices/uncore_iio_0/die3
+
+ $ tail /sys/devices/uncore_iio_0/die*
+ ==> /sys/devices/uncore_iio_0/die0 <==
+ 0000:00
+ ==> /sys/devices/uncore_iio_0/die1 <==
+ 0000:40
+ ==> /sys/devices/uncore_iio_0/die2 <==
+ 0000:80
+ ==> /sys/devices/uncore_iio_0/die3 <==
+ 0000:c0
+
+ Which means::
+
+ IIO PMU 0 on die 0 belongs to PCI RP on bus 0x00, domain 0x0000
+ IIO PMU 0 on die 1 belongs to PCI RP on bus 0x40, domain 0x0000
+ IIO PMU 0 on die 2 belongs to PCI RP on bus 0x80, domain 0x0000
+ IIO PMU 0 on die 3 belongs to PCI RP on bus 0xc0, domain 0x0000
+
+What: /sys/devices/uncore_upi_x/dieX
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Alexander Antonov <alexander.antonov@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Each /sys/devices/uncore_upi_X/dieY file holds "upi_Z,die_W"
+ value that means UPI link number X on die Y is connected to UPI
+ link Z on die W and this link between sockets can be monitored
+ by UPI PMON block.
+ For example, 4-die Sapphire Rapids platform has the following
+ UPI 0 topology::
+
+ # tail /sys/devices/uncore_upi_0/die*
+ ==> /sys/devices/uncore_upi_0/die0 <==
+ upi_1,die_1
+ ==> /sys/devices/uncore_upi_0/die1 <==
+ upi_0,die_3
+ ==> /sys/devices/uncore_upi_0/die2 <==
+ upi_1,die_3
+ ==> /sys/devices/uncore_upi_0/die3 <==
+ upi_0,die_1
+
+ Which means::
+
+ UPI link 0 on die 0 is connected to UPI link 1 on die 1
+ UPI link 0 on die 1 is connected to UPI link 0 on die 3
+ UPI link 0 on die 2 is connected to UPI link 1 on die 3
+ UPI link 0 on die 3 is connected to UPI link 0 on die 1 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-memory b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-memory
index 7a16fe1e2270..cec65827e602 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-memory
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-memory
@@ -6,19 +6,115 @@ Description:
internal state of the kernel memory blocks. Files could be
added or removed dynamically to represent hot-add/remove
operations.
-
Users: hotplug memory add/remove tools
- https://w3.opensource.ibm.com/projects/powerpc-utils/
+ http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/LinuxP/powerpc-utils
What: /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/removable
Date: June 2008
Contact: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Description:
- The file /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/removable
- indicates whether this memory block is removable or not.
- This is useful for a user-level agent to determine
- identify removable sections of the memory before attempting
- potentially expensive hot-remove memory operation
+ The file /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/removable is a
+ legacy interface used to indicated whether a memory block is
+ likely to be offlineable or not. Newer kernel versions return
+ "1" if and only if the kernel supports memory offlining.
+Users: hotplug memory remove tools
+ http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/LinuxP/powerpc-utils
+ lsmem/chmem part of util-linux
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/phys_device
+Date: September 2008
+Contact: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
+Description:
+ The file /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/phys_device
+ is read-only; it is a legacy interface only ever used on s390x
+ to expose the covered storage increment.
+Users: Legacy s390-tools lsmem/chmem
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/phys_index
+Date: September 2008
+Contact: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
+Description:
+ The file /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/phys_index
+ is read-only and contains the section ID in hexadecimal
+ which is equivalent to decimal X contained in the
+ memory section directory name.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/state
+Date: September 2008
+Contact: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
+Description:
+ The file /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/state
+ is read-write. When read, it returns the online/offline
+ state of the memory block. When written, root can toggle
+ the online/offline state of a memory block using the following
+ commands::
+ # echo online > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/state
+ # echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/state
+
+ On newer kernel versions, advanced states can be specified
+ when onlining to select a target zone: "online_movable"
+ selects the movable zone. "online_kernel" selects the
+ applicable kernel zone (DMA, DMA32, or Normal). However,
+ after successfully setting one of the advanced states,
+ reading the file will return "online"; the zone information
+ can be obtained via "valid_zones" instead.
+
+ While onlining is unlikely to fail, there are no guarantees
+ that offlining will succeed. Offlining is more likely to
+ succeed if "valid_zones" indicates "Movable".
Users: hotplug memory remove tools
- https://w3.opensource.ibm.com/projects/powerpc-utils/
+ http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/LinuxP/powerpc-utils
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/valid_zones
+Date: July 2014
+Contact: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
+Description:
+ The file /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/valid_zones is
+ read-only.
+
+ For online memory blocks, it returns in which zone memory
+ provided by a memory block is managed. If multiple zones
+ apply (not applicable for hotplugged memory), "None" is returned
+ and the memory block cannot be offlined.
+
+ For offline memory blocks, it returns by which zone memory
+ provided by a memory block can be managed when onlining.
+ The first returned zone ("default") will be used when setting
+ the state of an offline memory block to "online". Only one of
+ the kernel zones (DMA, DMA32, Normal) is applicable for a single
+ memory block.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/memoryX/nodeY
+Date: October 2009
+Contact: Linux Memory Management list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ When CONFIG_NUMA is enabled, a symbolic link that
+ points to the corresponding NUMA node directory.
+
+ For example, the following symbolic link is created for
+ memory section 9 on node0:
+
+ /sys/devices/system/memory/memory9/node0 -> ../../node/node0
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memoryY
+Date: September 2008
+Contact: Gary Hade <garyhade@us.ibm.com>
+Description:
+ When CONFIG_NUMA is enabled
+ /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memoryY is a symbolic link that
+ points to the corresponding /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryY
+ memory section directory. For example, the following symbolic
+ link is created for memory section 9 on node0.
+
+ /sys/devices/system/node/node0/memory9 -> ../../memory/memory9
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/memory/crash_hotplug
+Date: Aug 2023
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) indicates whether or not the kernel updates relevant kexec
+ segments on memory hot un/plug and/or on/offline events, avoiding the
+ need to reload kdump kernel.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-mmc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-mmc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5a50ab655843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-mmc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../mmc_host/mmcX/mmcX:XXXX/enhanced_area_offset
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Chuanxiao Dong <chuanxiao.dong@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Enhanced area is a new feature defined in eMMC4.4 standard.
+ eMMC4.4 or later card can support such feature. This kind of
+ area can help to improve the card performance. If the feature
+ is enabled, this attribute will indicate the start address of
+ enhanced data area. If not, this attribute will be -EINVAL.
+ Unit Byte. Format decimal.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../mmc_host/mmcX/mmcX:XXXX/enhanced_area_size
+Date: January 2011
+Contact: Chuanxiao Dong <chuanxiao.dong@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Enhanced area is a new feature defined in eMMC4.4 standard.
+ eMMC4.4 or later card can support such feature. This kind of
+ area can help to improve the card performance. If the feature
+ is enabled, this attribute will indicate the size of enhanced
+ data area. If not, this attribute will be -EINVAL.
+ Unit KByte. Format decimal.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-online b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-online
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c3359fec2980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-online
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../online
+Date: April 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../online attribute is only present for
+ devices whose bus types provide .online() and .offline()
+ callbacks. The number read from it (0 or 1) reflects the value
+ of the device's 'offline' field. If that number is 1 and '0'
+ (or 'n', or 'N') is written to this file, the device bus type's
+ .offline() callback is executed for the device and (if
+ successful) its 'offline' field is updated accordingly. In
+ turn, if that number is 0 and '1' (or 'y', or 'Y') is written to
+ this file, the device bus type's .online() callback is executed
+ for the device and (if successful) its 'offline' field is
+ updated as appropriate.
+
+ After a successful execution of the bus type's .offline()
+ callback the device cannot be used for any purpose until either
+ it is removed (i.e. device_del() is called for it), or its bus
+ type's .online() is executed successfully.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-physical_location b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-physical_location
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..202324b87083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-physical_location
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../physical_location
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Won Chung <wonchung@google.com>
+Description:
+ This directory contains information on physical location of
+ the device connection point with respect to the system's
+ housing.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../physical_location/panel
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Won Chung <wonchung@google.com>
+Description:
+ Describes which panel surface of the system’s housing the
+ device connection point resides on.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../physical_location/vertical_position
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Won Chung <wonchung@google.com>
+Description:
+ Describes vertical position of the device connection point on
+ the panel surface.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../physical_location/horizontal_position
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Won Chung <wonchung@google.com>
+Description:
+ Describes horizontal position of the device connection point on
+ the panel surface.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../physical_location/dock
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Won Chung <wonchung@google.com>
+Description:
+ "Yes" if the device connection point resides in a docking
+ station or a port replicator. "No" otherwise.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../physical_location/lid
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Won Chung <wonchung@google.com>
+Description:
+ "Yes" if the device connection point resides on the lid of
+ laptop system. "No" otherwise.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-ACPI-TAD b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-ACPI-TAD
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bc44bc903bc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-ACPI-TAD
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+ ACPI Time and Alarm (TAD) device attributes.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ACPI000E:00/caps
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Hexadecimal bitmask of the TAD attributes are reported by
+ the platform firmware (see ACPI 6.2, section 9.18.2):
+
+ ======= ======================================================
+ BIT(0): AC wakeup implemented if set
+ BIT(1): DC wakeup implemented if set
+ BIT(2): Get/set real time features implemented if set
+ BIT(3): Real time accuracy in milliseconds if set
+ BIT(4): Correct status reported for wakeups from S4/S5 if set
+ BIT(5): The AC timer wakes up from S4 if set
+ BIT(6): The AC timer wakes up from S5 if set
+ BIT(7): The DC timer wakes up from S4 if set
+ BIT(8): The DC timer wakes up from S5 if set
+ ======= ======================================================
+
+ The other bits are reserved.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ACPI000E:00/ac_alarm
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) The AC alarm timer value.
+
+ Reads return the current AC alarm timer value in seconds or
+ "disabled", if the AC alarm is not set to wake up the system.
+
+ Write a new AC alarm timer value in seconds or "disabled" to it
+ to set the AC alarm timer or to disable it, respectively.
+
+ If the AC alarm timer is set through this attribute and it
+ expires, it will immediately wake up the system from the S3
+ sleep state (and from S4/S5 too if supported) until its status
+ is explicitly cleared via the ac_status attribute.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ACPI000E:00/ac_policy
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) The AC alarm expired timer wake policy (see ACPI 6.2,
+ Section 9.18 for details).
+
+ Reads return the current expired timer wake delay for the AC
+ alarm timer or "never", if the policy is to discard AC timer
+ wakeups if the system is on DC power.
+
+ Write a new expired timer wake delay for the AC alarm timer in
+ seconds or "never" to it to set the expired timer wake delay for
+ the AC alarm timer or to set its expired wake policy to discard
+ wakeups if the system is on DC power, respectively.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ACPI000E:00/ac_status
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) The AC alarm status.
+
+ Reads return a hexadecimal bitmask representing the AC alarm
+ timer status with the following meaning of bits (see ACPI 6.2,
+ Section 9.18.5):
+
+ ======= ======================================================
+ Bit(0): The timer has expired if set.
+ Bit(1): The timer has woken up the system from a sleep state
+ (S3 or S4/S5 if supported) if set.
+ ======= ======================================================
+
+ The other bits are reserved.
+
+ Reads also cause the AC alarm timer status to be reset.
+
+ Another way to reset the status of the AC alarm timer is to
+ write (the number) 0 to this file.
+
+ If the status return value indicates that the timer has expired,
+ it will immediately wake up the system from the S3 sleep state
+ (and from S4/S5 too if supported) until its status is explicitly
+ cleared through this attribute.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ACPI000E:00/dc_alarm
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RW,optional) The DC alarm timer value.
+
+ This attribute is only present if the TAD supports a separate
+ DC timer.
+
+ It is analogous to the ac_alarm attribute.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ACPI000E:00/dc_policy
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RW,optional) The DC alarm expired timer wake policy.
+
+ This attribute is only present if the TAD supports a separate
+ DC timer.
+
+ It is analogous to the ac_policy attribute.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ACPI000E:00/dc_status
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+
+Description:
+ (RW,optional) The DC alarm status.
+
+ This attribute is only present if the TAD supports a separate
+ DC timer.
+
+ It is analogous to the ac_status attribute.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-_UDC_-gadget b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-_UDC_-gadget
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..40f29a01fd14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-_UDC_-gadget
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/_UDC_/gadget/suspended
+Date: April 2010
+Contact: Fabien Chouteau <fabien.chouteau@barco.com>
+Description:
+ Show the suspend state of an USB composite gadget.
+
+ - 1 -> suspended
+ - 0 -> resumed
+
+ (_UDC_ is the name of the USB Device Controller driver)
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/_UDC_/gadget/gadget-lunX/nofua
+Date: July 2010
+Contact: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Show or set the reaction on the FUA (Force Unit Access) bit in
+ the SCSI WRITE(10,12) commands when a gadget in USB Mass
+ Storage mode.
+
+ Possible values are:
+
+ - 1 -> ignore the FUA flag
+ - 0 -> obey the FUA flag
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-docg3 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-docg3
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..378c42694bfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-docg3
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/docg3/f[0-3]_dps[01]_is_keylocked
+Date: November 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Robert Jarzmik <robert.jarzmik@free.fr>
+Description:
+ Show whether the floor (0 to 4), protection area (0 or 1) is
+ keylocked. Each docg3 chip (or floor) has 2 protection areas,
+ which can cover any part of it, block aligned, called DPS.
+ The protection has information embedded whether it blocks reads,
+ writes or both.
+ The result is:
+
+ - 0 -> the DPS is not keylocked
+ - 1 -> the DPS is keylocked
+
+Users: None identified so far.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/docg3/f[0-3]_dps[01]_protection_key
+Date: November 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Robert Jarzmik <robert.jarzmik@free.fr>
+Description:
+ Enter the protection key for the floor (0 to 4), protection area
+ (0 or 1). Each docg3 chip (or floor) has 2 protection areas,
+ which can cover any part of it, block aligned, called DPS.
+ The protection has information embedded whether it blocks reads,
+ writes or both.
+ The protection key is a string of 8 bytes (value 0-255).
+ Entering the correct value toggle the lock, and can be observed
+ through f[0-3]_dps[01]_is_keylocked.
+ Possible values are:
+
+ - 8 bytes
+
+ Typical values are:
+
+ - "00000000"
+ - "12345678"
+
+Users: None identified so far.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-dock b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-dock
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..411c174de830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-dock
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dock.<N>/docked
+Date: Dec, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.19
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Value 1 or 0 indicates whether the software believes the
+ laptop is docked in a docking station.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dock.<N>/undock
+Date: Dec, 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.19
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) Writing to this file causes the software to initiate an
+ undock request to the firmware.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dock.<N>/uid
+Date: Feb, 2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.21
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Displays the docking station the laptop is docked to.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dock.<N>/flags
+Date: May, 2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.21
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Show dock station flags, useful for checking if undock
+ request has been made by the user (from the immediate_undock
+ option).
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dock.<N>/type
+Date: Aug, 2008
+KernelVersion: v2.6.27
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Display the dock station type- dock_station, ata_bay or
+ battery_bay.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-ipmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-ipmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..07df0ddc0b69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-ipmi
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_bmc.*/firmware_revision
+Date: Mar, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) The major and minor revision of the firmware.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_bmc.*/aux_firmware_revision
+Date: Mar, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) Holds additional information about the firmware revision,
+ such as boot block or internal data structure version numbers.
+ The meanings of the numbers are specific to the vendor
+ identified by Manufacturer ID.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_bmc.*/revision
+Date: Mar, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) Device revision. Useful for identifying if significant
+ hardware changes have been made to the implementation of the
+ management controller.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_bmc.*/provides_device_sdrs
+Date: Mar, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) Indicates whether device provides device sensor data
+ records (1) or not (0).
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_bmc.*/device_id
+Date: Mar, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) Device id is specified by the manufacturer identified by
+ the Manufacturer ID field. This field allows controller specific
+ software to identify the unique application command, OEM
+ fields, and functionality that are provided by the controller
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_bmc.*/additional_device_support
+Date: Mar, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) Lists the IPMI ‘logical device’ commands and functions
+ that the controller supports that are in addition to the
+ mandatory IPM and Application commands.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_bmc.*/ipmi_version
+Date: Mar, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) Displays the IPMI Command Specification Version.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_bmc.*/manufacturer_id
+Date: Mar, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) Identifies the manufacturer responsible for the
+ specification of functionality of the vendor (OEM)-specific
+ commands, codes, and interfaces used in the controller.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_bmc.*/product_id
+Date: Mar, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) Displays a number that identifies a particular system,
+ module, add-in card, or board set. The number is specified
+ according to the manufacturer given by Manufacturer ID.
+
+For detailed definitions of the above attributes, refer to section 20.1 'Get
+Device ID Command' of the IPMI specification v2.0.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_bmc.*/guid
+Date: Mar, 2006
+KernelVersion: v2.6.17
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) A GUID (Globally Unique ID), also referred to as a UUID
+ (Universally Unique Identifier), for the management controller,
+ as described in section 20.8 'Get Device GUID Command' of the
+ IPMI specification v2.0.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/type
+Date: Sep, 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.15
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) The device interface for IPMI "kcs", "smic", "bt" or
+ "invalid"
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/idles
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/watchdog_pretimeouts
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/complete_transactions
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/events
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/interrupts
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/hosed_count
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/long_timeouts
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/flag_fetches
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/attentions
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/incoming_messages
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/short_timeouts
+Date: Sep, 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.15
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+
+ ====================== ========================================
+ idles (RO) Number of times the interface was
+ idle while being polled.
+
+ watchdog_pretimeouts (RO) Number of watchdog pretimeouts.
+
+ complete_transactions (RO) Number of completed messages.
+
+ events (RO) Number of IPMI events received from
+ the hardware.
+
+ interrupts (RO) Number of interrupts the driver
+ handled.
+
+ hosed_count (RO) Number of times the hardware didn't
+ follow the state machine.
+
+ long_timeouts (RO) Number of times the driver
+ requested a timer while nothing was in
+ progress.
+
+ flag_fetches (RO) Number of times the driver
+ requested flags from the hardware.
+
+ attentions (RO) Number of time the driver got an
+ ATTN from the hardware.
+
+ incoming_messages (RO) Number of asynchronous messages
+ received.
+
+ short_timeouts (RO) Number of times the driver
+ requested a timer while an operation was
+ in progress.
+ ====================== ========================================
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/interrupts_enabled
+Date: Sep, 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.15
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) Indicates whether interrupts are enabled or not. The driver
+ disables interrupts when it gets into a situation where it
+ cannot handle messages due to lack of memory. Once that
+ situation clears up, it will re-enable interrupts.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ipmi_si.*/params
+Date: Sep, 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.15
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ [to be documented]
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/type
+Date: Sep, 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.15
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ (RO) Shows the IMPI device interface type - "ssif" here.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/hosed
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/alerts
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/sent_messages
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/sent_messages_parts
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/received_messages
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/received_message_parts
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/events
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/watchdog_pretimeouts
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/flag_fetches
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/send_retries
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/receive_retries
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/send_errors
+What: /sys/devices/platform/dmi-ipmi-ssif.*/receive_errors
+Date: Sep, 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.15
+Contact: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
+Description:
+ ====================== ========================================
+ hosed (RO) Number of times the hardware didn't
+ follow the state machine.
+
+ alerts (RO) Number of alerts received.
+
+ sent_messages (RO) Number of total messages sent.
+
+ sent_message_parts (RO) Number of message parts sent.
+ Messages may be broken into parts if
+ they are long.
+
+ received_messages (RO) Number of message responses
+ received.
+
+ received_message_parts (RO) Number of message fragments
+ received.
+
+ events (RO) Number of received events.
+
+ watchdog_pretimeouts (RO) Number of watchdog pretimeouts.
+
+ flag_fetches (RO) Number of times a flag fetch was
+ requested.
+
+ send_retries (RO) Number of time a message was
+ retried.
+
+ receive_retries (RO) Number of times the receive of a
+ message was retried.
+
+ send_errors (RO) Number of times the send of a
+ message failed.
+
+ receive_errors (RO) Number of errors in receiving
+ messages.
+ ====================== ========================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-kunpeng_hccs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-kunpeng_hccs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d1b3a95a5518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-kunpeng_hccs
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/all_linked
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/linked_full_lane
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/crc_err_cnt
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: Huisong Li <lihuisong@huawei.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/ directory
+ contains read-only attributes exposing some summarization
+ information of all HCCS ports under a specified chip.
+ The X in 'chipX' indicates the Xth chip on platform.
+
+ There are following attributes in this directory:
+
+ ================= ==== =========================================
+ all_linked: (RO) if all enabled ports on this chip are
+ linked (bool).
+ linked_full_lane: (RO) if all linked ports on this chip are full
+ lane (bool).
+ crc_err_cnt: (RO) total CRC err count for all ports on this
+ chip.
+ ================= ==== =========================================
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/all_linked
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/linked_full_lane
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/crc_err_cnt
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: Huisong Li <lihuisong@huawei.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/ directory
+ contains read-only attributes exposing some summarization
+ information of all HCCS ports under a specified die.
+ The Y in 'dieY' indicates the hardware id of the die on chip who
+ has chip id X.
+
+ There are following attributes in this directory:
+
+ ================= ==== =========================================
+ all_linked: (RO) if all enabled ports on this die are
+ linked (bool).
+ linked_full_lane: (RO) if all linked ports on this die are full
+ lane (bool).
+ crc_err_cnt: (RO) total CRC err count for all ports on this
+ die.
+ ================= ==== =========================================
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/hccsN/type
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/hccsN/lane_mode
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/hccsN/enable
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/hccsN/cur_lane_num
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/hccsN/link_fsm
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/hccsN/lane_mask
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/chipX/dieY/hccsN/crc_err_cnt
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: Huisong Li <lihuisong@huawei.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx/chipX/dieX/hccsN/ directory
+ contains read-only attributes exposing information about
+ a HCCS port. The N value in 'hccsN' indicates this port id.
+ The X in 'chipX' indicates the ID of the chip to which the
+ HCCS port belongs. For example, X ranges from to 'n - 1' if the
+ chip number on platform is n.
+ The Y in 'dieY' indicates the hardware id of the die to which
+ the hccs port belongs.
+ Note: type, lane_mode and enable are fixed attributes on running
+ platform.
+
+ The HCCS port have the following attributes:
+
+ ============= ==== =============================================
+ type: (RO) port type (string), e.g. HCCS-v1 -> H32
+ lane_mode: (RO) the lane mode of this port (string), e.g. x8
+ enable: (RO) indicate if this port is enabled (bool).
+ cur_lane_num: (RO) current lane number of this port.
+ link_fsm: (RO) link finite state machine of this port.
+ lane_mask: (RO) current lane mask of this port, every bit
+ indicates a lane.
+ crc_err_cnt: (RO) CRC err count on this port.
+ ============= ==== =============================================
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/used_types
+Date: August 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.12
+Contact: Huisong Li <lihuisong@huawei.com>
+Description:
+ This interface is used to show all HCCS types used on the
+ platform, like, HCCS-v1, HCCS-v2 and so on.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/available_inc_dec_lane_types
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/dec_lane_of_type
+What: /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx:00/inc_lane_of_type
+Date: August 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.12
+Contact: Huisong Li <lihuisong@huawei.com>
+Description:
+ These interfaces under /sys/devices/platform/HISI04Bx/ are
+ used to support the low power consumption feature of some
+ HCCS types by changing the number of lanes used. The interfaces
+ changing the number of lanes used are 'dec_lane_of_type' and
+ 'inc_lane_of_type' which require root privileges. These
+ interfaces aren't exposed if no HCCS type on platform support
+ this feature. Please note that decreasing lane number is only
+ allowed if all the specified HCCS ports are not busy.
+
+ The low power consumption interfaces are as follows:
+
+ ============================= ==== ================================
+ available_inc_dec_lane_types: (RO) available HCCS types (string) to
+ increase and decrease the number
+ of lane used, e.g. HCCS-v2.
+ dec_lane_of_type: (WO) input HCCS type supported
+ decreasing lane to decrease the
+ used lane number of all specified
+ HCCS type ports on platform to
+ the minimum.
+ You can query the 'cur_lane_num'
+ to get the minimum lane number
+ after executing successfully.
+ inc_lane_of_type: (WO) input HCCS type supported
+ increasing lane to increase the
+ used lane number of all specified
+ HCCS type ports on platform to
+ the full lane state.
+ ============================= ==== ================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-sh_mobile_lcdc_fb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-sh_mobile_lcdc_fb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e45ac2e865d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-sh_mobile_lcdc_fb
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/sh_mobile_lcdc_fb.[0-3]/graphics/fb[0-9]/ovl_alpha
+Date: May 2012
+Contact: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
+Description:
+ This file is only available on fb[0-9] devices corresponding
+ to overlay planes.
+
+ Stores the alpha blending value for the overlay. Values range
+ from 0 (transparent) to 255 (opaque). The value is ignored if
+ the mode is not set to Alpha Blending.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/sh_mobile_lcdc_fb.[0-3]/graphics/fb[0-9]/ovl_mode
+Date: May 2012
+Contact: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
+Description:
+ This file is only available on fb[0-9] devices corresponding
+ to overlay planes.
+
+ Selects the composition mode for the overlay. Possible values
+ are:
+
+ - 0 - Alpha Blending
+ - 1 - ROP3
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/sh_mobile_lcdc_fb.[0-3]/graphics/fb[0-9]/ovl_position
+Date: May 2012
+Contact: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
+Description:
+ This file is only available on fb[0-9] devices corresponding
+ to overlay planes.
+
+ Stores the x,y overlay position on the display in pixels. The
+ position format is `[0-9]+,[0-9]+`.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/sh_mobile_lcdc_fb.[0-3]/graphics/fb[0-9]/ovl_rop3
+Date: May 2012
+Contact: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
+Description:
+ This file is only available on fb[0-9] devices corresponding
+ to overlay planes.
+
+ Stores the raster operation (ROP3) for the overlay. Values
+ range from 0 to 255. The value is ignored if the mode is not
+ set to ROP3.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-soc-ipa b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-soc-ipa
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..364b1ba41242
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-soc-ipa
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/soc@X/XXXXXXX.ipa/
+Date: June 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/platform/soc@X/XXXXXXX.ipa/ directory
+ contains read-only attributes exposing information about
+ an IPA device. The X values could vary, but are typically
+ "soc@0/1e40000.ipa".
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/version
+Date: June 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/version file contains the IPA hardware
+ version, as a period-separated set of two or three integers
+ (e.g., "3.5.1" or "4.2").
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/feature/
+Date: June 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/feature/ directory contains a set of
+ attributes describing features implemented by the IPA
+ hardware.
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/feature/rx_offload
+Date: June 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/feature/rx_offload file contains a
+ string indicating the type of receive checksum offload
+ that is supported by the hardware. The possible values
+ are "MAPv4" or "MAPv5".
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/feature/tx_offload
+Date: June 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/feature/tx_offload file contains a
+ string indicating the type of transmit checksum offload
+ that is supported by the hardware. The possible values
+ are "MAPv4" or "MAPv5".
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/endpoint_id/
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: v5.19
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/endpoint_id/ directory contains
+ attributes that define IDs associated with IPA
+ endpoints. The "rx" or "tx" in an endpoint name is
+ from the perspective of the AP. An endpoint ID is a
+ small unsigned integer.
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/endpoint_id/modem_rx
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: v5.19
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/endpoint_id/modem_rx file contains
+ the ID of the AP endpoint on which packets originating
+ from the embedded modem are received.
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/endpoint_id/modem_tx
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: v5.19
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/endpoint_id/modem_tx file contains
+ the ID of the AP endpoint on which packets destined
+ for the embedded modem are sent.
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/endpoint_id/monitor_rx
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: v5.19
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/endpoint_id/monitor_rx file contains
+ the ID of the AP endpoint on which IPA "monitor" data is
+ received. The monitor endpoint supplies replicas of
+ packets that enter the IPA hardware for processing.
+ Each replicated packet is preceded by a fixed-size "ODL"
+ header (see .../XXXXXXX.ipa/feature/monitor, above).
+ Large packets are truncated, to reduce the bandwidth
+ required to provide the monitor function.
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/modem/
+Date: June 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/modem/ directory contains attributes
+ describing properties of the modem embedded in the SoC.
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/modem/rx_endpoint_id
+Date: June 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/modem/rx_endpoint_id file duplicates
+ the value found in .../XXXXXXX.ipa/endpoint_id/modem_rx.
+
+What: .../XXXXXXX.ipa/modem/tx_endpoint_id
+Date: June 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.14
+Contact: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The .../XXXXXXX.ipa/modem/tx_endpoint_id file duplicates
+ the value found in .../XXXXXXX.ipa/endpoint_id/modem_tx.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-stratix10-rsu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-stratix10-rsu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ee253b033280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-stratix10-rsu
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+ Intel Stratix10 Remote System Update (RSU) device attributes
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/current_image
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) the address in flash of currently running image.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/fail_image
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) the address in flash of failed image.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/state
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) the state of RSU system.
+ The state field has two parts: major error code in
+ upper 16 bits and minor error code in lower 16 bits.
+
+ b[15:0]
+ Currently used only when major error is 0xF006
+ (CPU watchdog timeout), in which case the minor
+ error code is the value reported by CPU to
+ firmware through the RSU notify command before
+ the watchdog timeout occurs.
+
+ b[31:16]
+ 0xF001 bitstream error
+ 0xF002 hardware access failure
+ 0xF003 bitstream corruption
+ 0xF004 internal error
+ 0xF005 device error
+ 0xF006 CPU watchdog timeout
+ 0xF007 internal unknown error
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/version
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) the version number of RSU firmware. 19.3 or late
+ version includes information about the firmware which
+ reported the error.
+
+ pre 19.3:
+ b[31:0]
+ 0x0 version number
+
+ 19.3 or late:
+ b[15:0]
+ 0x1 version number
+ b[31:16]
+ 0x0 no error
+ 0x0DCF Decision CMF error
+ 0x0ACF Application CMF error
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/error_location
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) the error offset inside the image that failed.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/error_details
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) error code.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/retry_counter
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) the current image's retry counter, which is used by
+ user to know how many times the images is still allowed
+ to reload itself before giving up and starting RSU
+ fail-over flow.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/reboot_image
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (WO) the address in flash of image to be loaded on next
+ reboot command.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/notify
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (WO) client to notify firmware with different actions.
+
+ b[15:0]
+ inform firmware the current software execution
+ stage.
+
+ == ===========================================
+ 0 the first stage bootloader didn't run or
+ didn't reach the point of launching second
+ stage bootloader.
+ 1 failed in second bootloader or didn't get
+ to the point of launching the operating
+ system.
+ 2 both first and second stage bootloader ran
+ and the operating system launch was
+ attempted.
+ == ===========================================
+
+ b[16]
+ == ===========================================
+ 1 firmware to reset current image retry
+ counter.
+ 0 no action.
+ == ===========================================
+
+ b[17]
+ == ===========================================
+ 1 firmware to clear RSU log
+ 0 no action.
+ == ===========================================
+
+ b[18]
+ this is negative logic
+
+ == ===========================================
+ 1 no action
+ 0 firmware record the notify code defined
+ in b[15:0].
+ == ===========================================
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/dcmf0
+Date: June 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Decision firmware copy 0 version information.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/dcmf1
+Date: June 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Decision firmware copy 1 version information.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/dcmf2
+Date: June 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Decision firmware copy 2 version information.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/dcmf3
+Date: June 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Decision firmware copy 3 version information.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/stratix10-rsu.0/max_retry
+Date: June 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.8
+Contact: Richard Gong <richard.gong@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) max retry parameter is stored in the firmware
+ decision IO section, as a byte located at offset 0x18c.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-trackpoint b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-trackpoint
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..df11901a6b3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-trackpoint
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../sensitivity
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Trackpoint sensitivity.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../intertia
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Negative inertia factor. High values cause the cursor to
+ snap backward when the trackpoint is released.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../reach
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Backup range for z-axis press.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../draghys
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The drag hysteresis controls how hard it is to drag with
+ z-axis pressed.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../mindrag
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Minimum amount of force needed to trigger dragging.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../speed
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Speed of the trackpoint cursor.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../thresh
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Minimum value for z-axis force required to trigger a press
+ or release, relative to the running average.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../upthresh
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The offset from the running average required to generate a
+ select (click) on z-axis on release.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../ztime
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) This attribute determines how sharp a press has to be in
+ order to be recognized.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../jenks
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Minimum curvature in degrees required to generate a double
+ click without a release.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../skipback
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) When the skipback bit is set, backup cursor movement during
+ releases from drags will be suppressed. The default value for
+ this bit is 0.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../ext_dev
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Disable (0) or enable (1) external pointing device.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../press_to_select
+Date: Aug, 2005
+KernelVersion: 2.6.14
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Writing a value of 1 to this file will enable the Press to
+ Select functions like tapping the control stick to simulate a
+ left click, and writing 0 will disable it.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/.../drift_time
+Date: Dec, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) This parameter controls the period of time to test for a
+ ‘hands off’ condition (i.e. when no force is applied) before a
+ drift (noise) calibration occurs.
+
+ IBM Trackpoints have a feature to compensate for drift by
+ recalibrating themselves periodically. By default, if for 0.5
+ seconds there is no change in position, it's used as the new
+ zero. This duration is too low. Often, the calibration happens
+ when the trackpoint is in fact being used.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9bf7c8a267c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/
+Date: January 2009
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power directory contains attributes
+ allowing the user space to check and modify some power
+ management related properties of given device.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup
+Date: January 2009
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup attribute allows the user
+ space to check if the device is enabled to wake up the system
+ from sleep states, such as the memory sleep state (suspend to
+ RAM) and hibernation (suspend to disk), and to enable or disable
+ it to do that as desired.
+
+ Some devices support "wakeup" events, which are hardware signals
+ used to activate the system from a sleep state. Such devices
+ have one of the following two values for the sysfs power/wakeup
+ file:
+
+ + "enabled\n" to issue the events;
+ + "disabled\n" not to do so;
+
+ In that cases the user space can change the setting represented
+ by the contents of this file by writing either "enabled", or
+ "disabled" to it.
+
+ For the devices that are not capable of generating system wakeup
+ events this file is not present. In that case the device cannot
+ be enabled to wake up the system from sleep states.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/control
+Date: January 2009
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power/control attribute allows the user
+ space to control the run-time power management of the device.
+
+ All devices have one of the following two values for the
+ power/control file:
+
+ + "auto\n" to allow the device to be power managed at run time;
+ + "on\n" to prevent the device from being power managed;
+
+ The default for all devices is "auto", which means that they may
+ be subject to automatic power management, depending on their
+ drivers. Changing this attribute to "on" prevents the driver
+ from power managing the device at run time. Doing that while
+ the device is suspended causes it to be woken up.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/async
+Date: January 2009
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../async attribute allows the user space to
+ enable or disable the device's suspend and resume callbacks to
+ be executed asynchronously (ie. in separate threads, in parallel
+ with the main suspend/resume thread) during system-wide power
+ transitions (eg. suspend to RAM, hibernation).
+
+ All devices have one of the following two values for the
+ power/async file:
+
+ + "enabled\n" to permit the asynchronous suspend/resume;
+ + "disabled\n" to forbid it;
+
+ The value of this attribute may be changed by writing either
+ "enabled", or "disabled" to it.
+
+ It generally is unsafe to permit the asynchronous suspend/resume
+ of a device unless it is certain that all of the PM dependencies
+ of the device are known to the PM core. However, for some
+ devices this attribute is set to "enabled" by bus type code or
+ device drivers and in that cases it should be safe to leave the
+ default value.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup_count
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../wakeup_count attribute contains the number
+ of signaled wakeup events associated with the device. This
+ attribute is read-only. If the device is not capable to wake up
+ the system from sleep states, this attribute is not present.
+ If the device is not enabled to wake up the system from sleep
+ states, this attribute is empty.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup_active_count
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../wakeup_active_count attribute contains the
+ number of times the processing of wakeup events associated with
+ the device was completed (at the kernel level). This attribute
+ is read-only. If the device is not capable to wake up the
+ system from sleep states, this attribute is not present. If
+ the device is not enabled to wake up the system from sleep
+ states, this attribute is empty.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup_abort_count
+Date: February 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../wakeup_abort_count attribute contains the
+ number of times the processing of a wakeup event associated with
+ the device might have aborted system transition into a sleep
+ state in progress. This attribute is read-only. If the device
+ is not capable to wake up the system from sleep states, this
+ attribute is not present. If the device is not enabled to wake
+ up the system from sleep states, this attribute is empty.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup_expire_count
+Date: February 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../wakeup_expire_count attribute contains the
+ number of times a wakeup event associated with the device has
+ been reported with a timeout that expired. This attribute is
+ read-only. If the device is not capable to wake up the system
+ from sleep states, this attribute is not present. If the
+ device is not enabled to wake up the system from sleep states,
+ this attribute is empty.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup_active
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../wakeup_active attribute contains either 1,
+ or 0, depending on whether or not a wakeup event associated with
+ the device is being processed (1). This attribute is read-only.
+ If the device is not capable to wake up the system from sleep
+ states, this attribute is not present. If the device is not
+ enabled to wake up the system from sleep states, this attribute
+ is empty.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup_total_time_ms
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../wakeup_total_time_ms attribute contains
+ the total time of processing wakeup events associated with the
+ device, in milliseconds. This attribute is read-only. If the
+ device is not capable to wake up the system from sleep states,
+ this attribute is not present. If the device is not enabled to
+ wake up the system from sleep states, this attribute is empty.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup_max_time_ms
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../wakeup_max_time_ms attribute contains
+ the maximum time of processing a single wakeup event associated
+ with the device, in milliseconds. This attribute is read-only.
+ If the device is not capable to wake up the system from sleep
+ states, this attribute is not present. If the device is not
+ enabled to wake up the system from sleep states, this attribute
+ is empty.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup_last_time_ms
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../wakeup_last_time_ms attribute contains
+ the value of the monotonic clock corresponding to the time of
+ signaling the last wakeup event associated with the device, in
+ milliseconds. This attribute is read-only. If the device is
+ not enabled to wake up the system from sleep states, this
+ attribute is not present. If the device is not enabled to wake
+ up the system from sleep states, this attribute is empty.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup_prevent_sleep_time_ms
+Date: February 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../wakeup_prevent_sleep_time_ms attribute
+ contains the total time the device has been preventing
+ opportunistic transitions to sleep states from occurring.
+ This attribute is read-only. If the device is not capable to
+ wake up the system from sleep states, this attribute is not
+ present. If the device is not enabled to wake up the system
+ from sleep states, this attribute is empty.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/autosuspend_delay_ms
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power/autosuspend_delay_ms attribute
+ contains the autosuspend delay value (in milliseconds). Some
+ drivers do not want their device to suspend as soon as it
+ becomes idle at run time; they want the device to remain
+ inactive for a certain minimum period of time first. That
+ period is called the autosuspend delay. Negative values will
+ prevent the device from being suspended at run time (similar
+ to writing "on" to the power/control attribute). Values >=
+ 1000 will cause the autosuspend timer expiration to be rounded
+ up to the nearest second.
+
+ Not all drivers support this attribute. If it isn't supported,
+ attempts to read or write it will yield I/O errors.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/pm_qos_resume_latency_us
+Date: March 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power/pm_qos_resume_latency_us attribute
+ contains the PM QoS resume latency limit for the given device,
+ which is the maximum allowed time it can take to resume the
+ device, after it has been suspended at run time, from a resume
+ request to the moment the device will be ready to process I/O,
+ in microseconds. If it is equal to 0, however, this means that
+ the PM QoS resume latency may be arbitrary and the special value
+ "n/a" means that user space cannot accept any resume latency at
+ all for the given device.
+
+ Not all drivers support this attribute. If it isn't supported,
+ it is not present.
+
+ This attribute has no effect on system-wide suspend/resume and
+ hibernation.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/pm_qos_latency_tolerance_us
+Date: January 2014
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power/pm_qos_latency_tolerance_us attribute
+ contains the PM QoS active state latency tolerance limit for the
+ given device in microseconds. That is the maximum memory access
+ latency the device can suffer without any visible adverse
+ effects on user space functionality. If that value is the
+ string "any", the latency does not matter to user space at all,
+ but hardware should not be allowed to set the latency tolerance
+ for the device automatically.
+
+ Reading "auto" from this file means that the maximum memory
+ access latency for the device may be determined automatically
+ by the hardware as needed. Writing "auto" to it allows the
+ hardware to be switched to this mode if there are no other
+ latency tolerance requirements from the kernel side.
+
+ This attribute is only present if the feature controlled by it
+ is supported by the hardware.
+
+ This attribute has no effect on runtime suspend and resume of
+ devices and on system-wide suspend/resume and hibernation.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/pm_qos_no_power_off
+Date: September 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power/pm_qos_no_power_off attribute
+ is used for manipulating the PM QoS "no power off" flag. If
+ set, this flag indicates to the kernel that power should not
+ be removed entirely from the device.
+
+ Not all drivers support this attribute. If it isn't supported,
+ it is not present.
+
+ This attribute has no effect on system-wide suspend/resume and
+ hibernation.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/runtime_status
+Date: April 2010
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power/runtime_status attribute contains
+ the current runtime PM status of the device, which may be
+ "suspended", "suspending", "resuming", "active", "error" (fatal
+ error), or "unsupported" (runtime PM is disabled).
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/runtime_active_time
+Date: Jul 2010
+Contact: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Reports the total time that the device has been active, in
+ milliseconds. Used for runtime PM statistics.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/runtime_suspended_time
+Date: Jul 2010
+Contact: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Reports total time that the device has been suspended, in
+ milliseconds. Used for runtime PM statistics.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/runtime_usage
+Date: Apr 2010
+Contact: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
+Description:
+ Reports the runtime PM usage count of a device.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/runtime_enabled
+Date: Apr 2010
+Contact: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
+Description:
+ Is runtime PM enabled for this device?
+ States are "enabled", "disabled", "forbidden" or a
+ combination of the latter two.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../power/runtime_active_kids
+Date: Apr 2010
+Contact: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
+Description:
+ Reports the runtime PM children usage count of a device, or
+ 0 if the children will be ignored.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D0 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D0
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..73b77a6be196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D0
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../power_resources_D0/
+Date: January 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power_resources_D0/ directory is only
+ present for device objects representing ACPI device nodes that
+ use ACPI power resources for power management.
+
+ If present, it contains symbolic links to device directories
+ representing ACPI power resources that need to be turned on for
+ the given device node to be in ACPI power state D0. The names
+ of the links are the same as the names of the directories they
+ point to.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D1 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..30c20703fb8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D1
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../power_resources_D1/
+Date: January 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power_resources_D1/ directory is only
+ present for device objects representing ACPI device nodes that
+ use ACPI power resources for power management and support ACPI
+ power state D1.
+
+ If present, it contains symbolic links to device directories
+ representing ACPI power resources that need to be turned on for
+ the given device node to be in ACPI power state D1. The names
+ of the links are the same as the names of the directories they
+ point to.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D2 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fd9d84b421e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D2
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../power_resources_D2/
+Date: January 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power_resources_D2/ directory is only
+ present for device objects representing ACPI device nodes that
+ use ACPI power resources for power management and support ACPI
+ power state D2.
+
+ If present, it contains symbolic links to device directories
+ representing ACPI power resources that need to be turned on for
+ the given device node to be in ACPI power state D2. The names
+ of the links are the same as the names of the directories they
+ point to.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D3hot b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D3hot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3df32c20addf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_D3hot
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../power_resources_D3hot/
+Date: January 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power_resources_D3hot/ directory is only
+ present for device objects representing ACPI device nodes that
+ use ACPI power resources for power management and support ACPI
+ power state D3hot.
+
+ If present, it contains symbolic links to device directories
+ representing ACPI power resources that need to be turned on for
+ the given device node to be in ACPI power state D3hot. The
+ names of the links are the same as the names of the directories
+ they point to.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_wakeup b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_wakeup
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e0588feeb6e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_resources_wakeup
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../power_resources_wakeup/
+Date: April 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power_resources_wakeup/ directory is only
+ present for device objects representing ACPI device nodes that
+ require ACPI power resources for wakeup signaling.
+
+ If present, it contains symbolic links to device directories
+ representing ACPI power resources that need to be turned on for
+ the given device node to be able to signal wakeup. The names of
+ the links are the same as the names of the directories they
+ point to.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_state b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_state
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7ad9546748f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power_state
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../power_state
+Date: January 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../power_state attribute is only present for
+ device objects representing ACPI device nodes that provide power
+ management methods.
+
+ If present, it contains a string representing the current ACPI
+ power state of the given device node. Its possible values,
+ "D0", "D1", "D2", "D3hot", and "D3cold", reflect the power state
+ names defined by the ACPI specification (ACPI 4 and above).
+
+ If the device node uses shared ACPI power resources, this state
+ determines a list of power resources required not to be turned
+ off. However, some power resources needed by the device node in
+ higher-power (lower-number) states may also be ON because of
+ some other devices using them at the moment.
+
+ This attribute is read-only.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-real_power_state b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-real_power_state
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8b3527c82a7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-real_power_state
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../real_power_state
+Date: January 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../real_power_state attribute is only present
+ for device objects representing ACPI device nodes that provide
+ power management methods and use ACPI power resources for power
+ management.
+
+ If present, it contains a string representing the real ACPI
+ power state of the given device node as returned by the _PSC
+ control method or inferred from the configuration of power
+ resources. Its possible values, "D0", "D1", "D2", "D3hot", and
+ "D3cold", reflect the power state names defined by the ACPI
+ specification (ACPI 4 and above).
+
+ In some situations the value of this attribute may be different
+ from the value of the /sys/devices/.../power_state attribute for
+ the same device object. If that happens, some shared power
+ resources used by the device node are only ON because of some
+ other devices using them at the moment.
+
+ This attribute is read-only.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-removable b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-removable
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..754ecb4587ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-removable
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../removable
+Date: May 2021
+Contact: Rajat Jain <rajatxjain@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Information about whether a given device can be removed from the
+ platform by the user. This is determined by its subsystem in a
+ bus / platform-specific way. This attribute is only present for
+ devices that can support determining such information:
+
+ =========== ===================================================
+ "removable" device can be removed from the platform by the user
+ "fixed" device is fixed to the platform / cannot be removed
+ by the user.
+ "unknown" The information is unavailable / cannot be deduced.
+ =========== ===================================================
+
+ Currently this is only supported by USB (which infers the
+ information from a combination of hub descriptor bits and
+ platform-specific data such as ACPI) and PCI (which gets this
+ from ACPI / device tree).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-resource_in_use b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-resource_in_use
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b4a3bc5922a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-resource_in_use
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../resource_in_use
+Date: January 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../resource_in_use attribute is only present
+ for device objects representing ACPI power resources.
+
+ If present, it contains a number (0 or 1) representing the
+ current status of the given power resource (0 means that the
+ resource is not in use and therefore it has been turned off).
+
+ This attribute is read-only.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-soc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-soc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5269808ec35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-soc
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+What: /sys/devices/socX
+Date: January 2012
+contact: Lee Jones <lee@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/ directory contains a sub-directory for each
+ System-on-Chip (SoC) device on a running platform. Information
+ regarding each SoC can be obtained by reading sysfs files. This
+ functionality is only available if implemented by the platform.
+
+ The directory created for each SoC will also house information
+ about devices which are commonly contained in /sys/devices/platform.
+ It has been agreed that if an SoC device exists, its supported
+ devices would be better suited to appear as children of that SoC.
+
+What: /sys/devices/socX/machine
+Date: January 2012
+contact: Lee Jones <lee@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute common to all SoCs. Contains the SoC machine
+ name (e.g. Ux500).
+
+What: /sys/devices/socX/family
+Date: January 2012
+contact: Lee Jones <lee@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute common to all SoCs. Contains SoC family name
+ (e.g. DB8500).
+
+ On many of ARM based silicon with SMCCC v1.2+ compliant firmware
+ this will contain the JEDEC JEP106 manufacturer’s identification
+ code. The format is "jep106:XXYY" where XX is identity code and
+ YY is continuation code.
+
+ This manufacturer’s identification code is defined by one
+ or more eight (8) bit fields, each consisting of seven (7)
+ data bits plus one (1) odd parity bit. It is a single field,
+ limiting the possible number of vendors to 126. To expand
+ the maximum number of identification codes, a continuation
+ scheme has been defined.
+
+ The specified mechanism is that an identity code of 0x7F
+ represents the "continuation code" and implies the presence
+ of an additional identity code field, and this mechanism
+ may be extended to multiple continuation codes followed
+ by the manufacturer's identity code.
+
+ For example, ARM has identity code 0x7F 0x7F 0x7F 0x7F 0x3B,
+ which is code 0x3B on the fifth 'page'. This is shortened
+ as JEP106 identity code of 0x3B and a continuation code of
+ 0x4 to represent the four continuation codes preceding the
+ identity code.
+
+What: /sys/devices/socX/serial_number
+Date: January 2019
+contact: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute supported by most SoCs. Contains the SoC's
+ serial number, if available.
+
+What: /sys/devices/socX/soc_id
+Date: January 2012
+contact: Lee Jones <lee@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute supported by most SoCs. In the case of
+ ST-Ericsson's chips this contains the SoC serial number.
+
+ On many of ARM based silicon with SMCCC v1.2+ compliant firmware
+ this will contain the SOC ID appended to the family attribute
+ to ensure there is no conflict in this namespace across various
+ vendors. The format is "jep106:XXYY:ZZZZ" where XX is identity
+ code, YY is continuation code and ZZZZ is the SOC ID.
+
+What: /sys/devices/socX/revision
+Date: January 2012
+contact: Lee Jones <lee@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute supported by most SoCs. Contains the SoC's
+ manufacturing revision number.
+
+What: /sys/devices/socX/process
+Date: January 2012
+contact: Lee Jones <lee@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Read-only attribute supported ST-Ericsson's silicon. Contains the
+ the process by which the silicon chip was manufactured.
+
+What: /sys/bus/soc
+Date: January 2012
+contact: Lee Jones <lee@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/soc/ directory contains the usual sub-folders
+ expected under most buses. /sys/bus/soc/devices is of particular
+ interest, as it contains a symlink for each SoC device found on
+ the system. Each symlink points back into the aforementioned
+ /sys/devices/socX devices.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-software_node b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-software_node
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..85df37de359f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-software_node
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../software_node/
+Date: January 2019
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This directory contains the details about the device that are
+ assigned in kernel (i.e. software), as opposed to the
+ firmware_node directory which contains the details that are
+ assigned for the device in firmware. The main attributes in the
+ directory will show the properties the device has, and the
+ relationship it has to some of the other devices.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-state_synced b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-state_synced
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c64636ddac41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-state_synced
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../state_synced
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../state_synced attribute is only present for
+ devices whose bus types or driver provides the .sync_state()
+ callback. The number read from it (0 or 1) reflects the value
+ of the device's 'state_synced' field. A value of 0 means the
+ .sync_state() callback hasn't been called yet. A value of 1
+ means the .sync_state() callback has been called.
+
+ Generally, if a device has sync_state() support and has some of
+ the resources it provides enabled at the time the kernel starts
+ (Eg: enabled by hardware reset or bootloader or anything that
+ run before the kernel starts), then it'll keep those resources
+ enabled and in a state that's compatible with the state they
+ were in at the start of the kernel. The device will stop doing
+ this only when the sync_state() callback has been called --
+ which happens only when all its consumer devices are registered
+ and have probed successfully. Resources that were left disabled
+ at the time the kernel starts are not affected or limited in
+ any way by sync_state() callbacks.
+
+ Writing "1" to this file will force a call to the device's
+ sync_state() function if it hasn't been called already. The
+ sync_state() call happens independent of the state of the
+ consumer devices.
+
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-sun b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-sun
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..625ce4b63758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-sun
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../sun
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Description:
+ The file contains a Slot-unique ID which provided by the _SUN
+ method in the ACPI namespace. The value is written in Advanced
+ Configuration and Power Interface Specification as follows:
+
+ "The _SUN value is required to be unique among the slots of
+ the same type. It is also recommended that this number match
+ the slot number printed on the physical slot whenever possible."
+
+ So reading the sysfs file, we can identify a physical position
+ of the slot in the system.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-supplier b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-supplier
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..207f5972e98d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-supplier
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../supplier:<supplier>
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../supplier:<supplier> are symlinks to device
+ links where this device is the consumer. <supplier> denotes the
+ name of the supplier in that device link and is of the form
+ bus:device name. There can be zero or more of these symlinks
+ for a given device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8aed6d94c4cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu
@@ -0,0 +1,779 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/
+Date: pre-git history
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ A collection of both global and individual CPU attributes
+
+ Individual CPU attributes are contained in subdirectories
+ named by the kernel's logical CPU number, e.g.:
+
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/kernel_max
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/offline
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/online
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/possible
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/present
+Date: December 2008
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: CPU topology files that describe kernel limits related to
+ hotplug. Briefly:
+
+ kernel_max: the maximum cpu index allowed by the kernel
+ configuration.
+
+ offline: cpus that are not online because they have been
+ HOTPLUGGED off or exceed the limit of cpus allowed by the
+ kernel configuration (kernel_max above).
+
+ online: cpus that are online and being scheduled.
+
+ possible: cpus that have been allocated resources and can be
+ brought online if they are present.
+
+ present: cpus that have been identified as being present in
+ the system.
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/cputopology.rst for more information.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/probe
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/release
+Date: November 2009
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Dynamic addition and removal of CPU's. This is not hotplug
+ removal, this is meant complete removal/addition of the CPU
+ from the system.
+
+ probe: writes to this file will dynamically add a CPU to the
+ system. Information written to the file to add CPU's is
+ architecture specific.
+
+ release: writes to this file dynamically remove a CPU from
+ the system. Information written to the file to remove CPU's
+ is architecture specific.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/node
+Date: October 2009
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Discover NUMA node a CPU belongs to
+
+ When CONFIG_NUMA is enabled, a symbolic link that points
+ to the corresponding NUMA node directory.
+
+ For example, the following symlink is created for cpu42
+ in NUMA node 2:
+
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu42/node2 -> ../../node/node2
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/core_siblings
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/core_siblings_list
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/physical_package_id
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/thread_siblings
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/thread_siblings_list
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/ppin
+Date: December 2008
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: CPU topology files that describe a logical CPU's relationship
+ to other cores and threads in the same physical package.
+
+ One cpuX directory is created per logical CPU in the system,
+ e.g. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu42/.
+
+ Briefly, the files above are:
+
+ core_siblings: internal kernel map of cpuX's hardware threads
+ within the same physical_package_id.
+
+ core_siblings_list: human-readable list of the logical CPU
+ numbers within the same physical_package_id as cpuX.
+
+ physical_package_id: physical package id of cpuX. Typically
+ corresponds to a physical socket number, but the actual value
+ is architecture and platform dependent.
+
+ thread_siblings: internal kernel map of cpuX's hardware
+ threads within the same core as cpuX
+
+ thread_siblings_list: human-readable list of cpuX's hardware
+ threads within the same core as cpuX
+
+ ppin: human-readable Protected Processor Identification
+ Number of the socket the cpu# belongs to. There should be
+ one per physical_package_id. File is readable only to
+ admin.
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/cputopology.rst for more information.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/available_governors
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/current_driver
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/current_governor
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/current_governer_ro
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/intel_c1_demotion
+Date: September 2007
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Discover cpuidle policy and mechanism
+
+ Various CPUs today support multiple idle levels that are
+ differentiated by varying exit latencies and power
+ consumption during idle.
+
+ Idle policy (governor) is differentiated from idle mechanism
+ (driver).
+
+ available_governors: (RO) displays a space separated list of
+ available governors.
+
+ current_driver: (RO) displays current idle mechanism.
+
+ current_governor: (RW) displays current idle policy. Users can
+ switch the governor at runtime by writing to this file.
+
+ current_governor_ro: (RO) displays current idle policy.
+
+ intel_c1_demotion: (RW) enables/disables the C1 demotion
+ feature on Intel CPUs.
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/cpuidle.rst,
+ Documentation/admin-guide/pm/intel_idle.rst, and
+ Documentation/driver-api/pm/cpuidle.rst for more information.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/state<N>/name
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/stateN/latency
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/stateN/power
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/stateN/time
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/stateN/usage
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/stateN/above
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/stateN/below
+Date: September 2007
+KernelVersion: v2.6.24
+Contact: Linux power management list <linux-pm@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The directory /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle contains per
+ logical CPU specific cpuidle information for each online cpu X.
+ The processor idle states which are available for use have the
+ following attributes:
+
+ ======== ==== =================================================
+ name: (RO) Name of the idle state (string).
+
+ latency: (RO) The latency to exit out of this idle state (in
+ microseconds).
+
+ power: (RO) The power consumed while in this idle state (in
+ milliwatts).
+
+ time: (RO) The total time spent in this idle state
+ (in microseconds).
+
+ usage: (RO) Number of times this state was entered (a count).
+
+ above: (RO) Number of times this state was entered, but the
+ observed CPU idle duration was too short for it
+ (a count).
+
+ below: (RO) Number of times this state was entered, but the
+ observed CPU idle duration was too long for it
+ (a count).
+ ======== ==== =================================================
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/state<N>/desc
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: v2.6.25
+Contact: Linux power management list <linux-pm@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) A small description about the idle state (string).
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/state<N>/disable
+Date: March 2012
+KernelVersion: v3.10
+Contact: Linux power management list <linux-pm@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RW) Option to disable this idle state (bool). The behavior and
+ the effect of the disable variable depends on the implementation
+ of a particular governor. In the ladder governor, for example,
+ it is not coherent, i.e. if one is disabling a light state, then
+ all deeper states are disabled as well, but the disable variable
+ does not reflect it. Likewise, if one enables a deep state but a
+ lighter state still is disabled, then this has no effect.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/state<N>/default_status
+Date: December 2019
+KernelVersion: v5.6
+Contact: Linux power management list <linux-pm@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) The default status of this state, "enabled" or "disabled".
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/state<N>/residency
+Date: March 2014
+KernelVersion: v3.15
+Contact: Linux power management list <linux-pm@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) Display the target residency i.e. the minimum amount of
+ time (in microseconds) this cpu should spend in this idle state
+ to make the transition worth the effort.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/state<N>/s2idle/
+Date: March 2018
+KernelVersion: v4.17
+Contact: Linux power management list <linux-pm@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Idle state usage statistics related to suspend-to-idle.
+
+ This attribute group is only present for states that can be
+ used in suspend-to-idle with suspended timekeeping.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/state<N>/s2idle/time
+Date: March 2018
+KernelVersion: v4.17
+Contact: Linux power management list <linux-pm@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Total time spent by the CPU in suspend-to-idle (with scheduler
+ tick suspended) after requesting this state.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpuidle/state<N>/s2idle/usage
+Date: March 2018
+KernelVersion: v4.17
+Contact: Linux power management list <linux-pm@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Total number of times this state has been requested by the CPU
+ while entering suspend-to-idle.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/*
+Date: pre-git history
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Discover and change clock speed of CPUs
+
+ Clock scaling allows you to change the clock speed of the
+ CPUs on the fly. This is a nice method to save battery
+ power, because the lower the clock speed, the less power
+ the CPU consumes.
+
+ There are many knobs to tweak in this directory.
+
+ See files in Documentation/cpu-freq/ for more information.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/freqdomain_cpus
+Date: June 2013
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Discover CPUs in the same CPU frequency coordination domain
+
+ freqdomain_cpus is the list of CPUs (online+offline) that share
+ the same clock/freq domain (possibly at the hardware level).
+ That information may be hidden from the cpufreq core and the
+ value of related_cpus may be different from freqdomain_cpus. This
+ attribute is useful for user space DVFS controllers to get better
+ power/performance results for platforms using acpi-cpufreq.
+
+ This file is only present if the acpi-cpufreq or the cppc-cpufreq
+ drivers are in use.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/auto_select
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Autonomous selection enable
+
+ Read/write interface to control autonomous selection enable
+ Read returns autonomous selection status:
+ 0: autonomous selection is disabled
+ 1: autonomous selection is enabled
+
+ Write 'y' or '1' or 'on' to enable autonomous selection.
+ Write 'n' or '0' or 'off' to disable autonomous selection.
+
+ This file is only present if the cppc-cpufreq driver is in use.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/auto_act_window
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Autonomous activity window
+
+ This file indicates a moving utilization sensitivity window to
+ the platform's autonomous selection policy.
+
+ Read/write an integer represents autonomous activity window (in
+ microseconds) from/to this file. The max value to write is
+ 1270000000 but the max significand is 127. This means that if 128
+ is written to this file, 127 will be stored. If the value is
+ greater than 130, only the first two digits will be saved as
+ significand.
+
+ Writing a zero value to this file enable the platform to
+ determine an appropriate Activity Window depending on the workload.
+
+ Writing to this file only has meaning when Autonomous Selection is
+ enabled.
+
+ This file is only present if the cppc-cpufreq driver is in use.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/energy_performance_preference_val
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Energy performance preference
+
+ Read/write an 8-bit integer from/to this file. This file
+ represents a range of values from 0 (performance preference) to
+ 0xFF (energy efficiency preference) that influences the rate of
+ performance increase/decrease and the result of the hardware's
+ energy efficiency and performance optimization policies.
+
+ Writing to this file only has meaning when Autonomous Selection is
+ enabled.
+
+ This file is only present if the cppc-cpufreq driver is in use.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cache/index3/cache_disable_{0,1}
+Date: August 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.27
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Disable L3 cache indices
+
+ These files exist in every CPU's cache/index3 directory. Each
+ cache_disable_{0,1} file corresponds to one disable slot which
+ can be used to disable a cache index. Reading from these files
+ on a processor with this functionality will return the currently
+ disabled index for that node. There is one L3 structure per
+ node, or per internal node on MCM machines. Writing a valid
+ index to one of these files will cause the specified cache
+ index to be disabled.
+
+ All AMD processors with L3 caches provide this functionality.
+ For details, see BKDGs at
+ https://www.amd.com/en/support/tech-docs?keyword=bios+kernel
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/boost
+Date: August 2012
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Processor frequency boosting control
+
+ This switch controls the boost setting for the whole system.
+ Boosting allows the CPU and the firmware to run at a frequency
+ beyond its nominal limit.
+
+ More details can be found in
+ Documentation/admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.rst
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/crash_notes
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/crash_notes_size
+Date: April 2013
+Contact: kexec@lists.infradead.org
+Description: address and size of the percpu note.
+
+ crash_notes: the physical address of the memory that holds the
+ note of cpuX.
+
+ crash_notes_size: size of the note of cpuX.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo
+Date: February 2013
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Parameters for the Intel P-state driver
+
+ Logic for selecting the current P-state in Intel
+ Sandybridge+ processors. The three knobs control
+ limits for the P-state that will be requested by the
+ driver.
+
+ max_perf_pct: limits the maximum P state that will be requested by
+ the driver stated as a percentage of the available performance.
+
+ min_perf_pct: limits the minimum P state that will be requested by
+ the driver stated as a percentage of the available performance.
+
+ no_turbo: limits the driver to selecting P states below the turbo
+ frequency range.
+
+ More details can be found in
+ Documentation/admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.rst
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cache/index*/<set_of_attributes_mentioned_below>
+Date: July 2014(documented, existed before August 2008)
+Contact: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
+ Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Parameters for the CPU cache attributes
+
+ allocation_policy:
+ - WriteAllocate:
+ allocate a memory location to a cache line
+ on a cache miss because of a write
+ - ReadAllocate:
+ allocate a memory location to a cache line
+ on a cache miss because of a read
+ - ReadWriteAllocate:
+ both writeallocate and readallocate
+
+ coherency_line_size:
+ the minimum amount of data in bytes that gets
+ transferred from memory to cache
+
+ level:
+ the cache hierarchy in the multi-level cache configuration
+
+ number_of_sets:
+ total number of sets in the cache, a set is a
+ collection of cache lines with the same cache index
+
+ physical_line_partition:
+ number of physical cache line per cache tag
+
+ shared_cpu_list:
+ the list of logical cpus sharing the cache
+
+ shared_cpu_map:
+ logical cpu mask containing the list of cpus sharing
+ the cache
+
+ size:
+ the total cache size in kB
+
+ type:
+ - Instruction: cache that only holds instructions
+ - Data: cache that only caches data
+ - Unified: cache that holds both data and instructions
+
+ ways_of_associativity:
+ degree of freedom in placing a particular block
+ of memory in the cache
+
+ write_policy:
+ - WriteThrough:
+ data is written to both the cache line
+ and to the block in the lower-level memory
+ - WriteBack:
+ data is written only to the cache line and
+ the modified cache line is written to main
+ memory only when it is replaced
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cache/index*/id
+Date: September 2016
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Cache id
+
+ The id provides a unique number for a specific instance of
+ a cache of a particular type. E.g. there may be a level
+ 3 unified cache on each socket in a server and we may
+ assign them ids 0, 1, 2, ...
+
+ Note that id value can be non-contiguous. E.g. level 1
+ caches typically exist per core, but there may not be a
+ power of two cores on a socket, so these caches may be
+ numbered 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, ...
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats/turbo_stat
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats/sub_turbo_stat
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats/unthrottle
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats/powercap
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats/overtemp
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats/supply_fault
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats/overcurrent
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats/occ_reset
+Date: March 2016
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+ Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: POWERNV CPUFreq driver's frequency throttle stats directory and
+ attributes
+
+ 'cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats' directory contains the CPU frequency
+ throttle stat attributes for the chip. The throttle stats of a cpu
+ is common across all the cpus belonging to a chip. Below are the
+ throttle attributes exported in the 'throttle_stats' directory:
+
+ - turbo_stat : This file gives the total number of times the max
+ frequency is throttled to lower frequency in turbo (at and above
+ nominal frequency) range of frequencies.
+
+ - sub_turbo_stat : This file gives the total number of times the
+ max frequency is throttled to lower frequency in sub-turbo(below
+ nominal frequency) range of frequencies.
+
+ - unthrottle : This file gives the total number of times the max
+ frequency is unthrottled after being throttled.
+
+ - powercap : This file gives the total number of times the max
+ frequency is throttled due to 'Power Capping'.
+
+ - overtemp : This file gives the total number of times the max
+ frequency is throttled due to 'CPU Over Temperature'.
+
+ - supply_fault : This file gives the total number of times the
+ max frequency is throttled due to 'Power Supply Failure'.
+
+ - overcurrent : This file gives the total number of times the
+ max frequency is throttled due to 'Overcurrent'.
+
+ - occ_reset : This file gives the total number of times the max
+ frequency is throttled due to 'OCC Reset'.
+
+ The sysfs attributes representing different throttle reasons like
+ powercap, overtemp, supply_fault, overcurrent and occ_reset map to
+ the reasons provided by OCC firmware for throttling the frequency.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policyX/throttle_stats
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policyX/throttle_stats/turbo_stat
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policyX/throttle_stats/sub_turbo_stat
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policyX/throttle_stats/unthrottle
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policyX/throttle_stats/powercap
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policyX/throttle_stats/overtemp
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policyX/throttle_stats/supply_fault
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policyX/throttle_stats/overcurrent
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policyX/throttle_stats/occ_reset
+Date: March 2016
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+ Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: POWERNV CPUFreq driver's frequency throttle stats directory and
+ attributes
+
+ 'policyX/throttle_stats' directory and all the attributes are same as
+ the /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats directory and
+ attributes which give the frequency throttle information of the chip.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/regs/
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/regs/identification/
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/regs/identification/midr_el1
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/regs/identification/revidr_el1
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/regs/identification/aidr_el1
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/regs/identification/smidr_el1
+Date: June 2016
+Contact: Linux ARM Kernel Mailing list <linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>
+Description: AArch64 CPU registers
+
+ 'identification' directory exposes the CPU ID registers for
+ identifying model and revision of the CPU and SMCU.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/aarch32_el0
+Date: May 2021
+Contact: Linux ARM Kernel Mailing list <linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>
+Description: Identifies the subset of CPUs in the system that can execute
+ AArch32 (32-bit ARM) applications. If present, the same format as
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/{offline,online,possible,present} is used.
+ If absent, then all or none of the CPUs can execute AArch32
+ applications and execve() will behave accordingly.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpu_capacity
+Date: December 2016
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: information about CPUs heterogeneity.
+
+ cpu_capacity: capacity of cpuX.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/gather_data_sampling
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/indirect_target_selection
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/itlb_multihit
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/l1tf
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/mds
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/meltdown
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/mmio_stale_data
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/old_microcode
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/reg_file_data_sampling
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/retbleed
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/spec_store_bypass
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/spectre_v1
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/spectre_v2
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/srbds
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/tsa
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/tsx_async_abort
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/vmscape
+Date: January 2018
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Information about CPU vulnerabilities
+
+ The files are named after the code names of CPU
+ vulnerabilities. The output of those files reflects the
+ state of the CPUs in the system. Possible output values:
+
+ ================ ==============================================
+ "Not affected" CPU is not affected by the vulnerability
+ "Vulnerable" CPU is affected and no mitigation in effect
+ "Mitigation: $M" CPU is affected and mitigation $M is in effect
+ ================ ==============================================
+
+ See also: Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.rst
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/smt
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/smt/active
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/smt/control
+Date: June 2018
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Control Symmetric Multi Threading (SMT)
+
+ active: Tells whether SMT is active (enabled and siblings online)
+
+ control: Read/write interface to control SMT. Possible
+ values:
+
+ ================ =========================================
+ "on" SMT is enabled
+ "off" SMT is disabled
+ "<N>" SMT is enabled with N threads per core.
+ "forceoff" SMT is force disabled. Cannot be changed.
+ "notsupported" SMT is not supported by the CPU
+ "notimplemented" SMT runtime toggling is not
+ implemented for the architecture
+ ================ =========================================
+
+ If control status is "forceoff" or "notsupported" writes
+ are rejected. Note that enabling SMT on PowerPC skips
+ offline cores.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/power/energy_perf_bias
+Date: March 2019
+Contact: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Intel Energy and Performance Bias Hint (EPB)
+
+ EPB for the given CPU in a sliding scale 0 - 15, where a value
+ of 0 corresponds to a hint preference for highest performance
+ and a value of 15 corresponds to the maximum energy savings.
+
+ In order to change the EPB value for the CPU, write either
+ a number in the 0 - 15 sliding scale above, or one of the
+ strings: "performance", "balance-performance", "normal",
+ "balance-power", "power" (that represent values reflected by
+ their meaning), to this attribute.
+
+ This attribute is present for all online CPUs supporting the
+ Intel EPB feature.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/umwait_control
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/umwait_control/enable_c02
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/umwait_control/max_time
+Date: May 2019
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Umwait control
+
+ enable_c02: Read/write interface to control umwait C0.2 state
+ Read returns C0.2 state status:
+ 0: C0.2 is disabled
+ 1: C0.2 is enabled
+
+ Write 'y' or '1' or 'on' to enable C0.2 state.
+ Write 'n' or '0' or 'off' to disable C0.2 state.
+
+ The interface is case insensitive.
+
+ max_time: Read/write interface to control umwait maximum time
+ in TSC-quanta that the CPU can reside in either C0.1
+ or C0.2 state. The time is an unsigned 32-bit number.
+ Note that a value of zero means there is no limit.
+ Low order two bits must be zero.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/sev
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/sev/vmpl
+Date: May 2024
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description: Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) information
+
+ This directory is only present when running as an SEV-SNP guest.
+
+ vmpl: Reports the Virtual Machine Privilege Level (VMPL) at which
+ the SEV-SNP guest is running.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/svm
+Date: August 2019
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+ Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Secure Virtual Machine
+
+ If 1, it means the system is using the Protected Execution
+ Facility in POWER9 and newer processors. i.e., it is a Secure
+ Virtual Machine.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/purr
+Date: Apr 2005
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: PURR ticks for this CPU since the system boot.
+
+ The Processor Utilization Resources Register (PURR) is
+ a 64-bit counter which provides an estimate of the
+ resources used by the CPU thread. The contents of this
+ register increases monotonically. This sysfs interface
+ exposes the number of PURR ticks for cpuX.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/spurr
+Date: Dec 2006
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: SPURR ticks for this CPU since the system boot.
+
+ The Scaled Processor Utilization Resources Register
+ (SPURR) is a 64-bit counter that provides a frequency
+ invariant estimate of the resources used by the CPU
+ thread. The contents of this register increases
+ monotonically. This sysfs interface exposes the number
+ of SPURR ticks for cpuX.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/idle_purr
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: PURR ticks for cpuX when it was idle.
+
+ This sysfs interface exposes the number of PURR ticks
+ for cpuX when it was idle.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/idle_spurr
+Date: Apr 2020
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: SPURR ticks for cpuX when it was idle.
+
+ This sysfs interface exposes the number of SPURR ticks
+ for cpuX when it was idle.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/mte_tcf_preferred
+Date: July 2021
+Contact: Linux ARM Kernel Mailing list <linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>
+Description: Preferred MTE tag checking mode
+
+ When a user program specifies more than one MTE tag checking
+ mode, this sysfs node is used to specify which mode should
+ be preferred when scheduling a task on that CPU. Possible
+ values:
+
+ ================ ==============================================
+ "sync" Prefer synchronous mode
+ "asymm" Prefer asymmetric mode
+ "async" Prefer asynchronous mode
+ ================ ==============================================
+
+ See also: Documentation/arch/arm64/memory-tagging-extension.rst
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/nohz_full
+Date: Apr 2015
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) the list of CPUs that are in nohz_full mode.
+ These CPUs are set by boot parameter "nohz_full=".
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/isolated
+Date: Apr 2015
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) the list of CPUs that are isolated and don't
+ participate in load balancing. These CPUs are set by
+ boot parameter "isolcpus=".
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/crash_hotplug
+Date: Aug 2023
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) indicates whether or not the kernel updates relevant kexec
+ segments on memory hot un/plug and/or on/offline events, avoiding the
+ need to reload kdump kernel.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/enabled
+Date: Nov 2022
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ (RO) the list of CPUs that can be brought online.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-ibm-rtl b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-ibm-rtl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1a8ee26e92ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-ibm-rtl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/ibm_rtl/state
+Date: Sep 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: Vernon Mauery <vernux@us.ibm.com>
+Description: The state file allows a means by which to change in and
+ out of Premium Real-Time Mode (PRTM), as well as the
+ ability to query the current state.
+
+ - 0 => PRTM off
+ - 1 => PRTM enabled
+
+Users: The ibm-prtm userspace daemon uses this interface.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/ibm_rtl/version
+Date: Sep 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: Vernon Mauery <vernux@us.ibm.com>
+Description: The version file provides a means by which to query
+ the RTL table version that lives in the Extended
+ BIOS Data Area (EBDA).
+Users: The ibm-prtm userspace daemon uses this interface.
+
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-xen_cpu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-xen_cpu
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9ca02fb2d498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-xen_cpu
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_cpu/
+Date: May 2012
+Contact: Liu, Jinsong <jinsong.liu@intel.com>
+Description:
+ A collection of global/individual Xen physical cpu attributes
+
+ Individual physical cpu attributes are contained in
+ subdirectories named by the Xen's logical cpu number, e.g.:
+ /sys/devices/system/xen_cpu/xen_cpu#/
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/xen_cpu/xen_cpu#/online
+Date: May 2012
+Contact: Liu, Jinsong <jinsong.liu@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Interface to online/offline Xen physical cpus
+
+ When running under Xen platform, it provide user interface
+ to online/offline physical cpus, except cpu0 due to several
+ logic restrictions and assumptions.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-vfio-dev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-vfio-dev
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e21424fd9666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-vfio-dev
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/.../<device>/vfio-dev/vfioX/
+Date: September 2022
+Contact: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This directory is created when the device is bound to a
+ vfio driver. The layout under this directory matches what
+ exists for a standard 'struct device'. 'X' is a unique
+ index marking this device in vfio.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-virtual-misc-tdx_guest b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-virtual-misc-tdx_guest
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8fca56c8c9df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-virtual-misc-tdx_guest
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/tdx_guest/measurements/MRNAME[:HASH]
+Date: April, 2025
+KernelVersion: v6.16
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ Value of a TDX measurement register (MR). MRNAME and HASH above
+ are placeholders. The optional suffix :HASH is used for MRs
+ that have associated hash algorithms. See below for a complete
+ list of TDX MRs exposed via sysfs. Refer to Intel TDX Module
+ ABI Specification for the definition of TDREPORT and the full
+ list of TDX measurements.
+
+ Intel TDX Module ABI Specification can be found at:
+ https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/trust-domain-extensions/documentation.html#architecture
+
+ See also:
+ https://docs.kernel.org/driver-api/coco/measurement-registers.html
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/tdx_guest/measurements/mrconfigid
+Date: April, 2025
+KernelVersion: v6.16
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) MRCONFIGID - 48-byte immutable storage typically used for
+ software-defined ID for non-owner-defined configuration of the
+ guest TD – e.g., run-time or OS configuration.
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/tdx_guest/measurements/mrowner
+Date: April, 2025
+KernelVersion: v6.16
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) MROWNER - 48-byte immutable storage typically used for
+ software-defined ID for the guest TD’s owner.
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/tdx_guest/measurements/mrownerconfig
+Date: April, 2025
+KernelVersion: v6.16
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) MROWNERCONFIG - 48-byte immutable storage typically used
+ for software-defined ID for owner-defined configuration of the
+ guest TD – e.g., specific to the workload rather than the
+ run-time or OS.
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/tdx_guest/measurements/mrtd:sha384
+Date: April, 2025
+KernelVersion: v6.16
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RO) MRTD - Measurement of the initial contents of the TD.
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/tdx_guest/measurements/rtmr[0123]:sha384
+Date: April, 2025
+KernelVersion: v6.16
+Contact: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ (RW) RTMR[0123] - 4 Run-Time extendable Measurement Registers.
+ Read from any of these returns the current value of the
+ corresponding RTMR. Write extends the written buffer to the
+ RTMR. All writes must start at offset 0 and be 48 bytes in
+ size. Partial writes will result in EINVAL returned by the
+ write() syscall.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-waiting_for_supplier b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-waiting_for_supplier
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..59d073d20db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-waiting_for_supplier
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../waiting_for_supplier
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/devices/.../waiting_for_supplier attribute is only
+ present when fw_devlink kernel command line option is enabled
+ and is set to something stricter than "permissive". It is
+ removed once a device probes successfully (because the
+ information is no longer relevant). The number read from it (0
+ or 1) reflects whether the device is waiting for one or more
+ suppliers to be added and then linked to using device links
+ before the device can probe.
+
+ A value of 0 means the device is not waiting for any suppliers
+ to be added before it can probe. A value of 1 means the device
+ is waiting for one or more suppliers to be added before it can
+ probe.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-xenbus b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-xenbus
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fd796cb4f315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-xenbus
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+What: /sys/devices/*/xenbus/event_channels
+Date: February 2021
+Contact: Xen Developers mailing list <xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org>
+Description:
+ Number of Xen event channels associated with a kernel based
+ paravirtualized device frontend or backend.
+
+What: /sys/devices/*/xenbus/events
+Date: February 2021
+Contact: Xen Developers mailing list <xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org>
+Description:
+ Total number of Xen events received for a Xen pv device
+ frontend or backend.
+
+What: /sys/devices/*/xenbus/jiffies_eoi_delayed
+Date: February 2021
+Contact: Xen Developers mailing list <xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org>
+Description:
+ Summed up time in jiffies the EOI of an interrupt for a Xen
+ pv device has been delayed in order to avoid stalls due to
+ event storms. This value rising is a first sign for a rogue
+ other end of the pv device.
+
+What: /sys/devices/*/xenbus/spurious_events
+Date: February 2021
+Contact: Xen Developers mailing list <xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org>
+Description:
+ Number of events received for a Xen pv device which did not
+ require any action. Too many spurious events in a row will
+ trigger delayed EOI processing.
+
+What: /sys/devices/*/xenbus/spurious_threshold
+Date: February 2021
+Contact: Xen Developers mailing list <xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org>
+Description:
+ Controls the tolerated number of subsequent spurious events
+ before delayed EOI processing is triggered for a Xen pv
+ device. Default is 1. This can be modified in case the other
+ end of the pv device is issuing spurious events on a regular
+ basis and is known not to be malicious on purpose. Raising
+ the value for such cases can improve pv device performance.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-altera-cvp b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-altera-cvp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fbd8078fd7ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-altera-cvp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/altera-cvp/chkcfg
+Date: May 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Anatolij Gustschin <agust@denx.de>
+Description:
+ Contains either 1 or 0 and controls if configuration
+ error checking in altera-cvp driver is turned on or
+ off.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-amd-sfh b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-amd-sfh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c053126a83bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-amd-sfh
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pcie_mp2_amd/*/hpd
+Date: April 2025
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ Human presence detection (HPD) enable/disable.
+ When HPD is enabled, the device will be able to detect the
+ presence of a human and will send an interrupt that can be
+ used to wake the system from a low power state.
+ When HPD is disabled, the device will not be able to detect
+ the presence of a human.
+
+ Access: Read/Write
+ Valid values: enabled/disabled
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-aspeed-uart-routing b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-aspeed-uart-routing
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..910df0e5815a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-aspeed-uart-routing
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/aspeed-uart-routing/\*/uart\*
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Oskar Senft <osk@google.com>
+ Chia-Wei Wang <chiawei_wang@aspeedtech.com>
+Description: Selects the RX source of the UARTx device.
+
+ When read, each file shows the list of available options with currently
+ selected option marked by brackets "[]". The list of available options
+ depends on the selected file.
+
+ e.g.
+ cat /sys/bus/platform/drivers/aspeed-uart-routing/\*.uart_routing/uart1
+ [io1] io2 io3 io4 uart2 uart3 uart4 io6
+
+ In this case, UART1 gets its input from IO1 (physical serial port 1).
+
+Users: OpenBMC. Proposed changes should be mailed to
+ openbmc@lists.ozlabs.org
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/aspeed-uart-routing/\*/io\*
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Oskar Senft <osk@google.com>
+ Chia-Wei Wang <chiawei_wang@aspeedtech.com>
+Description: Selects the RX source of IOx serial port. The current selection
+ will be marked by brackets "[]".
+Users: OpenBMC. Proposed changes should be mailed to
+ openbmc@lists.ozlabs.org
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-bd9571mwv-regulator b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-bd9571mwv-regulator
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..90596d8bb51c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-bd9571mwv-regulator
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../bd9571mwv-regulator.*.auto/backup_mode
+Date: Jul 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
+Description: Read/write the current state of DDR Backup Mode, which controls
+ if DDR power rails will be kept powered during system suspend.
+ ("on"/"1" = enabled, "off"/"0" = disabled).
+ Two types of power switches (or control signals) can be used:
+
+ A. With a momentary power switch (or pulse signal), DDR
+ Backup Mode is enabled by default when available, as the
+ PMIC will be configured only during system suspend.
+ B. With a toggle power switch (or level signal), the
+ following steps must be followed exactly:
+
+ 1. Configure PMIC for backup mode, to change the role of
+ the accessory power switch from a power switch to a
+ wake-up switch,
+ 2. Switch accessory power switch off, to prepare for
+ system suspend, which is a manual step not controlled
+ by software,
+ 3. Suspend system,
+ 4. Switch accessory power switch on, to resume the
+ system.
+
+ DDR Backup Mode must be explicitly enabled by the user,
+ to invoke step 1.
+
+ See also Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mfd/rohm,bd9571mwv.yaml.
+Users: User space applications for embedded boards equipped with a
+ BD9571MWV PMIC.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ccp b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ccp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ee6b787eee7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ccp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/fused_part
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/fused_part file reports
+ whether the CPU or APU has been fused to prevent tampering.
+ 0: Not fused
+ 1: Fused
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/debug_lock_on
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/debug_lock_on reports
+ whether the AMD CPU or APU has been unlocked for debugging.
+ Possible values:
+ 0: Not locked
+ 1: Locked
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/tsme_status
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/tsme_status file reports
+ the status of transparent secure memory encryption on AMD systems.
+ Possible values:
+ 0: Not active
+ 1: Active
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/anti_rollback_status
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/anti_rollback_status file reports
+ whether the PSP is enforcing rollback protection.
+ Possible values:
+ 0: Not enforcing
+ 1: Enforcing
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/rpmc_production_enabled
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/rpmc_production_enabled file reports
+ whether Replay Protected Monotonic Counter support has been enabled.
+ Possible values:
+ 0: Not enabled
+ 1: Enabled
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/rpmc_spirom_available
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/rpmc_spirom_available file reports
+ whether an Replay Protected Monotonic Counter supported SPI is installed
+ on the system.
+ Possible values:
+ 0: Not present
+ 1: Present
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/hsp_tpm_available
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/hsp_tpm_available file reports
+ whether the HSP TPM has been activated.
+ Possible values:
+ 0: Not activated or present
+ 1: Activated
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/rom_armor_enforced
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/rom_armor_enforced file reports
+ whether RomArmor SPI protection is enforced.
+ Possible values:
+ 0: Not enforced
+ 1: Enforced
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/bootloader_version
+Date: June 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/bootloader_version
+ file reports the firmware version of the AMD AGESA
+ bootloader.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/tee_version
+Date: June 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: mario.limonciello@amd.com
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/tee_version
+ file reports the firmware version of the AMD Trusted
+ Execution Environment (TEE).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-chromeos-acpi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-chromeos-acpi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d46b1c85840d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-chromeos-acpi
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/BINF.2
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/BINF.2
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns active EC firmware of current boot (boolean).
+
+ == ===============================
+ 0 Read only (recovery) firmware.
+ 1 Rewritable firmware.
+ == ===============================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/BINF.3
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/BINF.3
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns main firmware type for current boot (integer).
+
+ == =====================================
+ 0 Recovery.
+ 1 Normal.
+ 2 Developer.
+ 3 Netboot (factory installation only).
+ == =====================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/CHSW
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/CHSW
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns switch position for Chrome OS specific hardware
+ switches when the firmware is booted (integer).
+
+ ==== ===========================================
+ 0 No changes.
+ 2 Recovery button was pressed.
+ 4 Recovery button was pressed (EC firmware).
+ 32 Developer switch was enabled.
+ 512 Firmware write protection was disabled.
+ ==== ===========================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/FMAP
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/FMAP
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns physical memory address of the start of the main
+ processor firmware flashmap.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/FRID
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/FRID
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns firmware version for the read-only portion of the
+ main processor firmware.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/FWID
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/FWID
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns firmware version for the rewritable portion of the
+ main processor firmware.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/GPIO.X/GPIO.0
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/GPIO.X/GPIO.0
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns type of the GPIO signal for the Chrome OS specific
+ GPIO assignments (integer).
+
+ =========== ==================================
+ 1 Recovery button.
+ 2 Developer mode switch.
+ 3 Firmware write protection switch.
+ 256 to 511 Debug header GPIO 0 to GPIO 255.
+ =========== ==================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/GPIO.X/GPIO.1
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/GPIO.X/GPIO.1
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns signal attributes of the GPIO signal (integer bitfield).
+
+ == =======================
+ 0 Signal is active low.
+ 1 Signal is active high.
+ == =======================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/GPIO.X/GPIO.2
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/GPIO.X/GPIO.2
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns the GPIO number on the specified GPIO
+ controller.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/GPIO.X/GPIO.3
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/GPIO.X/GPIO.3
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns name of the GPIO controller.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/HWID
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/HWID
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns hardware ID for the Chromebook.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/MECK
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/MECK
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns the SHA-1 or SHA-256 hash that is read out of the
+ Management Engine extended registers during boot. The hash
+ is exported via ACPI so the OS can verify that the Management
+ Engine firmware has not changed. If Management Engine is not
+ present, or if the firmware was unable to read the extended registers, this buffer size can be zero.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/VBNV.0
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/VBNV.0
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns offset in CMOS bank 0 of the verified boot non-volatile
+ storage block, counting from the first writable CMOS byte
+ (that is, 'offset = 0' is the byte following the 14 bytes of
+ clock data).
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/VBNV.1
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/VBNV.1
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Return the size in bytes of the verified boot non-volatile
+ storage block.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GGL0001:*/VDAT
+ /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG0016:*/VDAT
+Date: May 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.19
+Description:
+ Returns the verified boot data block shared between the
+ firmware verification step and the kernel verification step
+ (hex dump).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-eud b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-eud
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2bab0db2d2f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-eud
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/qcom_eud/.../enable
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: Souradeep Chowdhury <quic_schowdhu@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ The Enable/Disable sysfs interface for Embedded
+ USB Debugger(EUD). This enables and disables the
+ EUD based on a 1 or a 0 value. By enabling EUD,
+ the user is able to activate the mini-usb hub of
+ EUD for debug and trace capabilities.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-framer-pef2256 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-framer-pef2256
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..29f97783bf07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-framer-pef2256
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/xxx/version
+Date: Sep 2025
+Contact: netdev@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Reports the version of the PEF2256 framer
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented as string
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-fsi-master-gpio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-fsi-master-gpio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1f29c8843cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-fsi-master-gpio
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/[..]/fsi-master-gpio/external_mode
+Date: Feb 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.17
+Contact: jk@ozlabs.org
+Description:
+ Controls access arbitration for GPIO-based FSI master. A
+ value of 0 (the default) sets normal mode, where the
+ driver performs FSI bus transactions, 1 sets external mode,
+ where the FSI bus is driven externally (for example, by
+ a debug device).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ge-achc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ge-achc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c3e77def4b20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ge-achc
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/bus/spi/<dev>/update_firmware
+Date: Jul 2021
+Contact: sebastian.reichel@collabora.com
+Description: Write 1 to this file to update the ACHC microcontroller
+ firmware via the EzPort interface. For this the kernel
+ will load "achc.bin" via the firmware API (so usually
+ from /lib/firmware). The write will block until the FW
+ has either been flashed successfully or an error occurred.
+
+What: /sys/bus/spi/<dev>/reset
+Date: Jul 2021
+Contact: sebastian.reichel@collabora.com
+Description: This file represents the microcontroller's reset line.
+ 1 means the reset line is asserted, 0 means it's not
+ asserted. The file is read and writable.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-genwqe b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-genwqe
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..69d855dc4c47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-genwqe
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/version
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Unique bitstream identification e.g.
+ '0000000330336283.00000000475a4950'.
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/appid
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Identifies the currently active card application e.g. 'GZIP'
+ for compression/decompression.
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/type
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Type of the card e.g. 'GenWQE5-A7'.
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/curr_bitstream
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Currently active bitstream. 1 is default, 0 is backup.
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/next_bitstream
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Interface to set the next bitstream to be used.
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/reload_bitstream
+Date: May 2014
+Contact: klebers@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Interface to trigger a PCIe card reset to reload the bitstream.
+
+ ::
+
+ sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > \
+ /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe0_card/reload_bitstream'
+
+ If successfully, the card will come back with the bitstream set
+ on 'next_bitstream'.
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/tempsens
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Interface to read the cards temperature sense register.
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/freerunning_timer
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Interface to read the cards free running timer.
+ Used for performance and utilization measurements.
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/queue_working_time
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Interface to read queue working time.
+ Used for performance and utilization measurements.
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/state
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: State of the card: "unused", "used", "error".
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/base_clock
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Base clock frequency of the card.
+
+What: /sys/class/genwqe/genwqe<n>_card/device/sriov_numvfs
+Date: Oct 2013
+Contact: haver@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+Description: Enable VFs (1..15)::
+
+ sudo sh -c 'echo 15 > \
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000\:1b\:00.0/sriov_numvfs'
+
+ Disable VFs::
+
+ Write a 0 into the same sysfs entry.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-habanalabs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-habanalabs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4244f5af4b54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-habanalabs
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/armcp_kernel_ver
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the Linux kernel running on the device's CPU.
+ Will be DEPRECATED in Linux kernel version 5.10, and be
+ replaced with cpucp_kernel_ver
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/armcp_ver
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the application running on the device's CPU
+ Will be DEPRECATED in Linux kernel version 5.10, and be
+ replaced with cpucp_ver
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/clk_max_freq_mhz
+Date: Jun 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Allows the user to set the maximum clock frequency, in MHz.
+ The device clock might be set to lower value than the maximum.
+ The user should read the clk_cur_freq_mhz to see the actual
+ frequency value of the device clock. This property is valid
+ only for the Gaudi ASIC family
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/clk_cur_freq_mhz
+Date: Jun 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays the current frequency, in MHz, of the device clock.
+ This property is valid only for the Gaudi ASIC family
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/cpld_ver
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the Device's CPLD F/W
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/cpucp_kernel_ver
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the Linux kernel running on the device's CPU
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/cpucp_ver
+Date: Oct 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the application running on the device's CPU
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/device_type
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays the code name of the device according to its type.
+ The supported values are: "GOYA"
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/eeprom
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: A binary file attribute that contains the contents of the
+ on-board EEPROM
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/fuse_ver
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays the device's version from the eFuse
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/fw_os_ver
+Date: Dec 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the firmware OS running on the device's CPU
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/hard_reset
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Interface to trigger a hard-reset operation for the device.
+ Hard-reset will reset ALL internal components of the device
+ except for the PCI interface and the internal PLLs
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/hard_reset_cnt
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays how many times the device have undergone a hard-reset
+ operation since the driver was loaded
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/high_pll
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Allows the user to set the maximum clock frequency for MME, TPC
+ and IC when the power management profile is set to "automatic".
+ This property is valid only for the Goya ASIC family
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/ic_clk
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Allows the user to set the maximum clock frequency, in Hz, of
+ the Interconnect fabric. Writes to this parameter affect the
+ device only when the power management profile is set to "manual"
+ mode. The device IC clock might be set to lower value than the
+ maximum. The user should read the ic_clk_curr to see the actual
+ frequency value of the IC. This property is valid only for the
+ Goya ASIC family
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/ic_clk_curr
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays the current clock frequency, in Hz, of the Interconnect
+ fabric. This property is valid only for the Goya ASIC family
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/infineon_ver
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the Device's power supply F/W code. Relevant only to GOYA and GAUDI
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/max_power
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Allows the user to set the maximum power consumption of the
+ device in milliwatts.
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/mme_clk
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Allows the user to set the maximum clock frequency, in Hz, of
+ the MME compute engine. Writes to this parameter affect the
+ device only when the power management profile is set to "manual"
+ mode. The device MME clock might be set to lower value than the
+ maximum. The user should read the mme_clk_curr to see the actual
+ frequency value of the MME. This property is valid only for the
+ Goya ASIC family
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/mme_clk_curr
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays the current clock frequency, in Hz, of the MME compute
+ engine. This property is valid only for the Goya ASIC family
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/module_id
+Date: Nov 2023
+KernelVersion: not yet upstreamed
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays the device's module id
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/parent_device
+Date: Nov 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: ttayar@habana.ai
+Description: Displays the name of the parent device of the accel device
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/pci_addr
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays the PCI address of the device. This is needed so the
+ user would be able to open a device based on its PCI address
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/pm_mng_profile
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Power management profile. Values are "auto", "manual". In "auto"
+ mode, the driver will set the maximum clock frequency to a high
+ value when a user-space process opens the device's file (unless
+ it was already opened by another process). The driver will set
+ the max clock frequency to a low value when there are no user
+ processes that are opened on the device's file. In "manual"
+ mode, the user sets the maximum clock frequency by writing to
+ ic_clk, mme_clk and tpc_clk. This property is valid only for
+ the Goya ASIC family
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/preboot_btl_ver
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the device's preboot F/W code
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/security_enabled
+Date: Oct 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: obitton@habana.ai
+Description: Displays the device's security status
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/soft_reset
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Interface to trigger a soft-reset operation for the device.
+ Soft-reset will reset only the compute and DMA engines of the
+ device
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/soft_reset_cnt
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays how many times the device have undergone a soft-reset
+ operation since the driver was loaded
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/status
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Status of the card:
+
+ * "operational" - Device is available for work.
+ * "in reset" - Device is going through reset, will be
+ available shortly.
+ * "disabled" - Device is not usable.
+ * "needs reset" - Device is not usable until a hard reset
+ is initiated.
+ * "in device creation" - Device is not available yet, as it
+ is still initializing.
+ * "in reset after device release" - Device is going through
+ a compute-reset which is executed after a device release
+ (relevant for Gaudi2 only).
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/thermal_ver
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the Device's thermal daemon
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/tpc_clk
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Allows the user to set the maximum clock frequency, in Hz, of
+ the TPC compute engines. Writes to this parameter affect the
+ device only when the power management profile is set to "manual"
+ mode. The device TPC clock might be set to lower value than the
+ maximum. The user should read the tpc_clk_curr to see the actual
+ frequency value of the TPC. This property is valid only for
+ Goya ASIC family
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/tpc_clk_curr
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Displays the current clock frequency, in Hz, of the TPC compute
+ engines. This property is valid only for the Goya ASIC family
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/uboot_ver
+Date: Jan 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.1
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the u-boot running on the device's CPU
+
+What: /sys/class/accel/accel<n>/device/vrm_ver
+Date: Jan 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.17
+Contact: ogabbay@kernel.org
+Description: Version of the Device's Voltage Regulator Monitor F/W code. N/A to GOYA and GAUDI
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a59533410871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/report_descriptor
+What: /sys/class/bluetooth/hci<addr>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/report_descriptor
+What: /sys/class/hidraw/hidraw<num>/device/report_descriptor
+Date: Jan 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.0.39
+Contact: Alan Ott <alan@signal11.us>
+Description: When read, this file returns the device's raw binary HID
+ report descriptor.
+ This file cannot be written.
+Users: HIDAPI library (http://www.signal11.us/oss/hidapi)
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/country
+What: /sys/class/bluetooth/hci<addr>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/country
+What: /sys/class/hidraw/hidraw<num>/device/country
+Date: February 2015
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Olivier Gay <ogay@logitech.com>
+Description: When read, this file returns the hex integer value in ASCII
+ of the device's HID country code (e.g. 21 for US).
+ This file cannot be written.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-appletb-kbd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-appletb-kbd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8c9718d83e9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-appletb-kbd
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/hid-appletb-kbd/<dev>/mode
+Date: March, 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The set of keys displayed on the Touch Bar.
+ Valid values are:
+ == =================
+ 0 Escape key only
+ 1 Function keys
+ 2 Media/brightness keys
+ 3 None
+ == =================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-corsair b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-corsair
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b8827f0f12c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-corsair
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/bus/drivers/corsair/<dev>/macro_mode
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Clement Vuchener <clement.vuchener@gmail.com>
+Description: Get/set the current playback mode. "SW" for software mode
+ where G-keys triggers their regular key codes. "HW" for
+ hardware playback mode where the G-keys play their macro
+ from the on-board memory.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/drivers/corsair/<dev>/current_profile
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.2
+Contact: Clement Vuchener <clement.vuchener@gmail.com>
+Description: Get/set the current selected profile. Values are from 1 to 3.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-corsair-void b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-corsair-void
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..83fa625c0025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-corsair-void
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/hid-corsair-void/<dev>/fw_version_headset
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Stuart Hayhurst <stuart.a.hayhurst@gmail.com>
+Description: (R) The firmware version of the headset
+ * Returns -ENODATA if no version was reported
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/hid-corsair-void/<dev>/fw_version_receiver
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Stuart Hayhurst <stuart.a.hayhurst@gmail.com>
+Description: (R) The firmware version of the receiver
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/hid-corsair-void/<dev>/microphone_up
+Date: July 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Stuart Hayhurst <stuart.a.hayhurst@gmail.com>
+Description: (R) Get the physical position of the microphone
+ * 1 -> Microphone up
+ * 0 -> Microphone down
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/hid-corsair-void/<dev>/send_alert
+Date: July 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Stuart Hayhurst <stuart.a.hayhurst@gmail.com>
+Description: (W) Play a built-in notification from the headset (0 / 1)
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/hid-corsair-void/<dev>/set_sidetone
+Date: December 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Stuart Hayhurst <stuart.a.hayhurst@gmail.com>
+Description: (W) Set the sidetone volume (0 - sidetone_max)
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/hid-corsair-void/<dev>/sidetone_max
+Date: July 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Stuart Hayhurst <stuart.a.hayhurst@gmail.com>
+Description: (R) Report the maximum sidetone volume
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-lenovo b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-lenovo
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aee85ca1f6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-lenovo
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/press_to_select
+Date: July 2011
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This controls if mouse clicks should be generated if the trackpoint is quickly pressed. How fast this press has to be
+ is being controlled by press_speed.
+
+ Values are 0 or 1.
+
+ Applies to Thinkpad USB Keyboard with TrackPoint.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/dragging
+Date: July 2011
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description: If this setting is enabled, it is possible to do dragging by pressing the trackpoint. This requires press_to_select to be enabled.
+
+ Values are 0 or 1.
+
+ Applies to Thinkpad USB Keyboard with TrackPoint.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/release_to_select
+Date: July 2011
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description: For details regarding this setting please refer to http://www.pc.ibm.com/ww/healthycomputing/trkpntb.html
+ Values are 0 or 1.
+ Applies to Thinkpad USB Keyboard with TrackPoint.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/select_right
+Date: July 2011
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This setting controls if the mouse click events generated by pressing the trackpoint (if press_to_select is enabled) generate
+ a left or right mouse button click.
+
+ Values are 0 or 1.
+
+ Applies to Thinkpad USB Keyboard with TrackPoint.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/sensitivity
+Date: July 2011
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This file contains the trackpoint sensitivity.
+ Values are decimal integers from 1 (lowest sensitivity) to 255 (highest sensitivity).
+ Applies to Thinkpad USB Keyboard with TrackPoint.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/press_speed
+Date: July 2011
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This setting controls how fast the trackpoint needs to be pressed to generate a mouse click if press_to_select is enabled.
+
+ Values are decimal integers from 1 (slowest) to 255 (fastest).
+
+ Applies to Thinkpad USB Keyboard with TrackPoint.
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/fn_lock
+Date: July 2014
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description: This setting controls whether Fn Lock is enabled on the keyboard (i.e. if F1 is Mute or F1)
+
+ Values are 0 or 1
+
+ Applies to ThinkPad Compact (USB|Bluetooth) Keyboard with TrackPoint.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-logitech-hidpp b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-logitech-hidpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d8f831f2d6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-logitech-hidpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/logitech-hidpp-device/<dev>/range
+Date: Jan, 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) This attribute controls the amount of 'turn' permitted in
+ Logitech G920 wheel. Reading from the file shows the current
+ range of the steering wheel. Writing a value within the min and
+ max boundary sets the range of the wheel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/logitech-hidpp-device/<dev>/builtin_power_supply
+Date: Apr, 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.12
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Presence of this file indicates that HID++ driver is capable of
+ handling battery properties in the kernel. This way, upower can
+ add a udev rule to decide whether or not it should use the
+ internal unifying support or the generic kernel one.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-logitech-lg4ff b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-logitech-lg4ff
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..de07be314efc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-logitech-lg4ff
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/logitech/<dev>/range
+Date: July 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.2
+Contact: Michal Malý <madcatxster@devoid-pointer.net>
+Description: Display minimum, maximum and current range of the steering
+ wheel. Writing a value within min and max boundaries sets the
+ range of the wheel.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/logitech/<dev>/alternate_modes
+Date: Feb 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.1
+Contact: Michal Malý <madcatxster@devoid-pointer.net>
+Description: Displays a set of alternate modes supported by a wheel. Each
+ mode is listed as follows:
+
+ Tag: Mode Name
+
+ Currently active mode is marked with an asterisk. List also
+ contains an abstract item "native" which always denotes the
+ native mode of the wheel. Echoing the mode tag switches the
+ wheel into the corresponding mode. Depending on the exact model
+ of the wheel not all listed modes might always be selectable.
+ If a wheel cannot be switched into the desired mode, -EINVAL
+ is returned accompanied with an explanatory message in the
+ kernel log.
+ This entry is not created for devices that have only one mode.
+
+ Currently supported mode switches:
+
+ Driving Force Pro::
+
+ DF-EX --> DFP
+
+ G25::
+
+ DF-EX --> DFP --> G25
+
+ G27::
+
+ DF-EX <*> DFP <-> G25 <-> G27
+ DF-EX <*--------> G25 <-> G27
+ DF-EX <*----------------> G27
+
+ G29::
+
+ DF-EX <*> DFP <-> G25 <-> G27 <-> G29
+ DF-EX <*--------> G25 <-> G27 <-> G29
+ DF-EX <*----------------> G27 <-> G29
+ DF-EX <*------------------------> G29
+
+ DFGT::
+
+ DF-EX <*> DFP <-> DFGT
+ DF-EX <*--------> DFGT
+
+ * hid_logitech module must be loaded with lg4ff_no_autoswitch=1
+ parameter set in order for the switch to DF-EX mode to work.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/logitech/<dev>/real_id
+Date: Feb 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.1
+Contact: Michal Malý <madcatxster@devoid-pointer.net>
+Description: Displays the real model of the wheel regardless of any
+ alternate mode the wheel might be switched to.
+ It is a read-only value.
+ This entry is not created for devices that have only one mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/logitech/<dev>/combine_pedals
+Date: Sep 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Simon Wood <simon@mungewell.org>
+Description: Controls whether a combined value of accelerator and brake is
+ reported on the Y axis of the controller. Useful for older games
+ which can do not work with separate accelerator/brake axis.
+ Off ('0') by default, enabled by setting '1'.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-multitouch b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-multitouch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f79839d1af37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-multitouch
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/quirks
+Date: November 2011
+Contact: Benjamin Tissoires <benjamin.tissoires@gmail.com>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute corresponds to the
+ quirks actually in place to handle the device's protocol.
+ When read, this attribute returns the current settings (see
+ MT_QUIRKS_* in hid-multitouch.c).
+ When written this attribute change on the fly the quirks, then
+ the protocol to handle the device.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-ntrig b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-ntrig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0e323a5cec6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-ntrig
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ntrig/<dev>/activate_slack
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Number of contact frames ignored before acknowledging the
+ start of activity (activating touch).
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ntrig/<dev>/decativate_slack
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Number of empty (no contact) frames ignored before
+ acknowledging the end of activity (deactivating touch).
+
+ When the last finger is removed from the device, it sends a
+ number of empty frames. By holding off on deactivation for a few
+ frames false erroneous disconnects can be tolerated, where the
+ sensor may mistakenly not detect a finger that is still present.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ntrig/<dev>/activation_width
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ntrig/<dev>/activation_height
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Threholds to override activation slack.
+
+ ================= =====================================
+ activation_width (RW) Width threshold to immediately
+ start processing touch events.
+
+ activation_height (RW) Height threshold to immediately
+ start processing touch events.
+ ================= =====================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ntrig/<dev>/min_width
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ntrig/<dev>/min_height
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Minimum size contact accepted.
+
+ ========== ===========================================
+ min_width (RW) Minimum touch contact width to decide
+ activation and activity.
+
+ min_height (RW) Minimum touch contact height to decide
+ activation and activity.
+ ========== ===========================================
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ntrig/<dev>/sensor_physical_width
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ntrig/<dev>/sensor_physical_height
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) These are internal ranges not used for normal events but
+ useful for tuning.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ntrig/<dev>/sensor_logical_width
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ntrig/<dev>/sensor_logical_height
+Date: May, 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The range for positions reported during activity.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-picolcd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-picolcd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..98fd81ad76a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-picolcd
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/operation_mode
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: Bruno Prémont <bonbons@linux-vserver.org>
+Description: Make it possible to switch the PicoLCD device between LCD
+ (firmware) and bootloader (flasher) operation modes.
+
+ Reading: returns list of available modes, the active mode being
+ enclosed in brackets ('[' and ']')
+
+ Writing: causes operation mode switch. Permitted values are
+ the non-active mode names listed when read.
+
+ Note: when switching mode the current PicoLCD HID device gets
+ disconnected and reconnects after above delay (see attribute
+ operation_mode_delay for its value).
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/operation_mode_delay
+Date: April 2010
+Contact: Bruno Prémont <bonbons@linux-vserver.org>
+Description: Delay PicoLCD waits before restarting in new mode when
+ operation_mode has changed.
+
+ Reading/Writing: It is expressed in ms and permitted range is
+ 0..30000ms.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/fb_update_rate
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: Bruno Prémont <bonbons@linux-vserver.org>
+Description: Make it possible to adjust defio refresh rate.
+
+ Reading: returns list of available refresh rates (expressed in Hz),
+ the active refresh rate being enclosed in brackets ('[' and ']')
+
+ Writing: accepts new refresh rate expressed in integer Hz
+ within permitted rates.
+
+ Note: As device can barely do 2 complete refreshes a second
+ it only makes sense to adjust this value if only one or two
+ tiles get changed and it's not appropriate to expect the application
+ to flush its tiny changes explicitly at higher than default rate.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-prodikeys b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-prodikeys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..05d988c29a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-prodikeys
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/prodikeys/.../channel
+Date: April 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.34
+Contact: Don Prince <dhprince.devel@yahoo.co.uk>
+Description:
+ Allows control (via software) the midi channel to which
+ that the pc-midi keyboard will output.midi data.
+ Range: 0..15
+ Type: Read/write
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/prodikeys/.../sustain
+Date: April 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.34
+Contact: Don Prince <dhprince.devel@yahoo.co.uk>
+Description:
+ Allows control (via software) the sustain duration of a
+ note held by the pc-midi driver.
+ 0 means sustain mode is disabled.
+ Range: 0..5000 (milliseconds)
+ Type: Read/write
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/prodikeys/.../octave
+Date: April 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.34
+Contact: Don Prince <dhprince.devel@yahoo.co.uk>
+Description:
+ Controls the octave shift modifier in the pc-midi driver.
+ The octave can be shifted via software up/down 2 octaves.
+ 0 means the no ocatve shift.
+ Range: -2..2 (minus 2 to plus 2)
+ Type: Read/Write
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-kone b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-kone
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11cd9bf0ad18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-kone
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kone/roccatkone<minor>/actual_dpi
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: It is possible to switch the dpi setting of the mouse with the
+ press of a button.
+
+ When read, this file returns the raw number of the actual dpi
+ setting reported by the mouse. This number has to be further
+ processed to receive the real dpi value:
+
+ ===== =====
+ VALUE DPI
+ ===== =====
+ 1 800
+ 2 1200
+ 3 1600
+ 4 2000
+ 5 2400
+ 6 3200
+ ===== =====
+
+ This file is readonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kone/roccatkone<minor>/actual_profile
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns the number of the actual profile.
+
+ This file is readonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kone/roccatkone<minor>/firmware_version
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns the raw integer version number of the
+ firmware reported by the mouse. Using the integer value eases
+ further usage in other programs. To receive the real version
+ number the decimal point has to be shifted 2 positions to the
+ left. E.g. a returned value of 138 means 1.38
+
+ This file is readonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kone/roccatkone<minor>/profile[1-5]
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the
+ press of a button. A profile holds information like button
+ mappings, sensitivity, the colors of the 5 leds and light
+ effects.
+
+ When read, these files return the respective profile. The
+ returned data is 975 bytes in size.
+
+ When written, this file lets one write the respective profile
+ data back to the mouse. The data has to be 975 bytes long.
+
+ The mouse will reject invalid data, whereas the profile number
+ stored in the profile doesn't need to fit the number of the
+ store.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kone/roccatkone<minor>/settings
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: When read, this file returns the settings stored in the mouse.
+ The size of the data is 36 bytes and holds information like the
+ startup_profile, tcu state and calibration_data.
+
+ When written, this file lets write settings back to the mouse.
+ The data has to be 36 bytes long. The mouse will reject invalid
+ data.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kone/roccatkone<minor>/startup_profile
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 1 to 5.
+
+ When read, this attribute returns the number of the profile
+ that's active when the mouse is powered on.
+
+ When written, this file sets the number of the startup profile
+ and the mouse activates this profile immediately.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kone/roccatkone<minor>/tcu
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse has a "Tracking Control Unit" which lets the user
+ calibrate the laser power to fit the mousepad surface.
+ When read, this file returns the current state of the TCU,
+ where 0 means off and 1 means on.
+
+ Writing 0 in this file will switch the TCU off.
+
+ Writing 1 in this file will start the calibration which takes
+ around 6 seconds to complete and activates the TCU.
+
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
+
+What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/kone/roccatkone<minor>/weight
+Date: March 2010
+Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net>
+Description: The mouse can be equipped with one of four supplied weights
+ ranging from 5 to 20 grams which are recognized by the mouse
+ and its value can be read out. When read, this file returns the
+ raw value returned by the mouse which eases further processing
+ in other software.
+
+ The values map to the weights as follows:
+
+ ===== ======
+ VALUE WEIGHT
+ ===== ======
+ 0 none
+ 1 5g
+ 2 10g
+ 3 15g
+ 4 20g
+ ===== ======
+
+ This file is readonly.
+Users: http://roccat.sourceforge.net
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-srws1 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-srws1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d0eba70c7d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-srws1
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM1
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM2
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM3
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM4
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM5
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM6
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM7
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM8
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM9
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM10
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM11
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM12
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM13
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM14
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPM15
+What: /sys/class/leds/SRWS1::<serial>::RPMALL
+Date: Jan 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.9
+Contact: Simon Wood <simon@mungewell.org>
+Description: Provides a control for turning on/off the LEDs which form
+ an RPM meter on the front of the controller
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-wiimote b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-wiimote
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3bf43d9dcdfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-wiimote
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/wiimote/<dev>/led1
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/wiimote/<dev>/led2
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/wiimote/<dev>/led3
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/wiimote/<dev>/led4
+Date: July 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@googlemail.com>
+Description: Make it possible to set/get current led state. Reading from it
+ returns 0 if led is off and 1 if it is on. Writing 0 to it
+ disables the led, writing 1 enables it.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/wiimote/<dev>/extension
+Date: August 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.2
+Contact: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
+Description: This file contains the currently connected and initialized
+ extensions. It can be one of: none, motionp, nunchuck, classic,
+ motionp+nunchuck, motionp+classic
+ motionp is the official Nintendo Motion+ extension, nunchuck is
+ the official Nintendo Nunchuck extension and classic is the
+ Nintendo Classic Controller extension. The motionp extension can
+ be combined with the other two.
+
+ Starting with kernel-version 3.11 Motion Plus hotplugging is
+ supported and if detected, it's no longer reported as static
+ extension. You will get uevent notifications for the motion-plus
+ device then.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/wiimote/<dev>/devtype
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
+Description: While a device is initialized by the wiimote driver, we perform
+ a device detection and signal a "change" uevent after it is
+ done. This file shows the detected device type. "pending" means
+ that the detection is still ongoing, "unknown" means, that the
+ device couldn't be detected or loaded. "generic" means, that the
+ device couldn't be detected but supports basic Wii Remote
+ features and can be used.
+ Other strings for each device-type are available and may be
+ added if new device-specific detections are added.
+ Currently supported are:
+
+ ============= =======================================
+ gen10: First Wii Remote generation
+ gen20: Second Wii Remote Plus generation
+ (builtin MP)
+ balanceboard: Wii Balance Board
+ ============= =======================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/wiimote/<dev>/bboard_calib
+Date: May 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
+Description: This attribute is only provided if the device was detected as a
+ balance board. It provides a single line with 3 calibration
+ values for all 4 sensors. The values are separated by colons and
+ are each 2 bytes long (encoded as 4 digit hexadecimal value).
+ First, 0kg values for all 4 sensors are written, followed by the
+ 17kg values for all 4 sensors and last the 34kg values for all 4
+ sensors.
+
+ Calibration data is already applied by the kernel to all input
+ values but may be used by user-space to perform other
+ transformations.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/wiimote/<dev>/pro_calib
+Date: October 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.13
+Contact: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
+Description: This attribute is only provided if the device was detected as a
+ pro-controller. It provides a single line with 4 calibration
+ values for all 4 analog sticks. Format is: "x1:y1 x2:y2". Data
+ is prefixed with a +/-. Each value is a signed 16bit number.
+ Data is encoded as decimal numbers and specifies the offsets of
+ the analog sticks of the pro-controller.
+
+ Calibration data is already applied by the kernel to all input
+ values but may be used by user-space to perform other
+ transformations.
+
+ Calibration data is detected by the kernel during device setup.
+ You can write "scan\n" into this file to re-trigger calibration.
+ You can also write data directly in the form "x1:y1 x2:y2" to
+ set the calibration values manually.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-input-axp-pek b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-input-axp-pek
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a5e671b9fa79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-input-axp-pek
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+What: /sys/class/input/input(x)/device/startup
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: Carlo Caione <carlo@caione.org>
+Description: Startup time in us. Board is powered on if the button is pressed
+ for more than <startup_time>
+
+What: /sys/class/input/input(x)/device/shutdown
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: Carlo Caione <carlo@caione.org>
+Description: Shutdown time in us. Board is powered off if the button is pressed
+ for more than <shutdown_time>
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-input-cros-ec-keyb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-input-cros-ec-keyb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c7afc2328045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-input-cros-ec-keyb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+What: /sys/class/input/input(x)/device/function_row_physmap
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Philip Chen <philipchen@chromium.org>
+Description: A space separated list of scancodes for the top row keys,
+ ordered by the physical positions of the keys, from left
+ to right.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-input-exc3000 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-input-exc3000
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..704434b277b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-input-exc3000
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/xxx/fw_version
+Date: Aug 2020
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Reports the firmware version provided by the touchscreen, for example "00_T6" on a EXC80H60
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented as string
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/xxx/model
+Date: Aug 2020
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Reports the model identification provided by the touchscreen, for example "Orion_1320" on a EXC80H60
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented as string
+
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/xxx/type
+Date: Jan 2021
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Reports the type identification provided by the touchscreen, for example "PCAP82H80 Series"
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values: Represented as string
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intc_sar b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intc_sar
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ec334b0e5ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intc_sar
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INTC1092:00/intc_reg
+Date: August 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: Shravan S <s.shravan@intel.com>,
+ An Sudhakar <sudhakar.an@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) regulatory mode is typically
+ derived based on information like mcc (Mobile Country Code) and
+ mnc (Mobile Network Code) that is available for the currently
+ attached LTE network. A userspace application is required to set
+ the current SAR regulatory mode on the Dynamic SAR driver using
+ this sysfs node. Such an application can also read back using
+ this sysfs node, the currently configured regulatory mode value
+ from the Dynamic SAR driver.
+
+ Acceptable regulatory modes are:
+ == ====
+ 0 FCC
+ 1 CE
+ 2 ISED
+ == ====
+
+ - The regulatory mode value has one of the above values.
+ - The default regulatory mode used in the driver is 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INTC1092:00/intc_data
+Date: August 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.15
+Contact: Shravan S <s.shravan@intel.com>,
+ An Sudhakar <sudhakar.an@intel.com>
+Description:
+ This sysfs entry is used to retrieve Dynamic SAR information
+ emitted/maintained by a BIOS that supports Dynamic SAR.
+
+ The retrieved information is in the order given below:
+ - device_mode
+ - bandtable_index
+ - antennatable_index
+ - sartable_index
+
+ The above information is sent as integer values separated
+ by a single space. This information can then be pushed to a
+ WWAN modem that uses this to control the transmit signal
+ level using the Band/Antenna/SAR table index information.
+ These parameters are derived/decided by aggregating
+ device-mode like laptop/tablet/clamshell etc. and the
+ proximity-sensor data available to the embedded controller on
+ given host. The regulatory mode configured on Dynamic SAR
+ driver also influences these values.
+
+ The userspace applications can poll for changes to this file
+ using POLLPRI event on file-descriptor (fd) obtained by opening
+ this sysfs entry. Application can then read this information from
+ the sysfs node and consume the given information.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-i915-hwmon b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-i915-hwmon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a885e5316d02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-i915-hwmon
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/i915/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/in0_input
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: intel-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Current Voltage in millivolt.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel i915 graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/i915/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power1_max
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: intel-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Card reactive sustained (PL1/Tau) power limit in microwatts.
+
+ The power controller will throttle the operating frequency
+ if the power averaged over a window (typically seconds)
+ exceeds this limit. A read value of 0 means that the PL1
+ power limit is disabled, writing 0 disables the
+ limit. Writing values > 0 will enable the power limit.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel i915 graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/i915/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power1_rated_max
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: intel-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Card default power limit (default TDP setting).
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel i915 graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/i915/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power1_max_interval
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: intel-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Sustained power limit interval (Tau in PL1/Tau) in
+ milliseconds over which sustained power is averaged.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel i915 graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/i915/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power1_crit
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: intel-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Card reactive critical (I1) power limit in microwatts.
+
+ Card reactive critical (I1) power limit in microwatts is exposed
+ for client products. The power controller will throttle the
+ operating frequency if the power averaged over a window exceeds
+ this limit.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel i915 graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/i915/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/curr1_crit
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: intel-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Card reactive critical (I1) power limit in milliamperes.
+
+ Card reactive critical (I1) power limit in milliamperes is
+ exposed for server products. The power controller will throttle
+ the operating frequency if the power averaged over a window
+ exceeds this limit.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel i915 graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/i915/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/energy1_input
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: intel-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Energy input of device or gt in microjoules.
+
+ For i915 device level hwmon devices (name "i915") this
+ reflects energy input for the entire device. For gt level
+ hwmon devices (name "i915_gtN") this reflects energy input
+ for the gt.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel i915 graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/i915/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/fan1_input
+Date: November 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.12
+Contact: intel-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Fan speed of device in RPM.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel i915 graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/i915/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/temp1_input
+Date: November 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.12
+Contact: intel-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. GPU package temperature in millidegree Celsius.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel i915 graphics platforms.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-m10-bmc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-m10-bmc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..faeae8fedb14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-m10-bmc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+What: /sys/bus/.../drivers/intel-m10-bmc/.../bmc_version
+Date: June 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns the hardware build version of Intel
+ MAX10 BMC chip.
+ Format: "0x%x".
+
+What: /sys/bus/.../drivers/intel-m10-bmc/.../bmcfw_version
+Date: June 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@intel.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns the firmware version of Intel MAX10
+ BMC chip.
+ Format: "0x%x".
+
+What: /sys/bus/.../drivers/intel-m10-bmc/.../mac_address
+Date: January 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Matthew Gerlach <matthew.gerlach@altera.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns the first MAC address in a block
+ of sequential MAC addresses assigned to the board
+ that is managed by the Intel MAX10 BMC. It is stored in
+ FLASH storage and is mirrored in the MAX10 BMC register
+ space.
+ Format: "%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x".
+
+What: /sys/bus/.../drivers/intel-m10-bmc/.../mac_count
+Date: January 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: Matthew Gerlach <matthew.gerlach@altera.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns the number of sequential MAC
+ addresses assigned to the board managed by the Intel
+ MAX10 BMC. This value is stored in FLASH and is mirrored
+ in the MAX10 BMC register space.
+ Format: "%u".
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-m10-bmc-sec-update b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-m10-bmc-sec-update
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3a6ca780c75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-m10-bmc-sec-update
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/intel-m10bmc-sec-update/.../security/sr_root_entry_hash
+Date: Sep 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Matthew Gerlach <matthew.gerlach@altera.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns the root entry hash for the static
+ region if one is programmed, else it returns the
+ string: "hash not programmed". This file is only
+ visible if the underlying device supports it.
+ Format: string.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/intel-m10bmc-sec-update/.../security/pr_root_entry_hash
+Date: Sep 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Matthew Gerlach <matthew.gerlach@altera.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns the root entry hash for the partial
+ reconfiguration region if one is programmed, else it
+ returns the string: "hash not programmed". This file
+ is only visible if the underlying device supports it.
+ Format: string.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/intel-m10bmc-sec-update/.../security/bmc_root_entry_hash
+Date: Sep 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Matthew Gerlach <matthew.gerlach@altera.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns the root entry hash for the BMC image
+ if one is programmed, else it returns the string:
+ "hash not programmed". This file is only visible if the
+ underlying device supports it.
+ Format: string.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/intel-m10bmc-sec-update/.../security/sr_canceled_csks
+Date: Sep 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Matthew Gerlach <matthew.gerlach@altera.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns a list of indices for canceled code
+ signing keys for the static region. The standard bitmap
+ list format is used (e.g. "1,2-6,9").
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/intel-m10bmc-sec-update/.../security/pr_canceled_csks
+Date: Sep 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Matthew Gerlach <matthew.gerlach@altera.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns a list of indices for canceled code
+ signing keys for the partial reconfiguration region. The
+ standard bitmap list format is used (e.g. "1,2-6,9").
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/intel-m10bmc-sec-update/.../security/bmc_canceled_csks
+Date: Sep 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Matthew Gerlach <matthew.gerlach@altera.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns a list of indices for canceled code
+ signing keys for the BMC. The standard bitmap list format
+ is used (e.g. "1,2-6,9").
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/intel-m10bmc-sec-update/.../security/flash_count
+Date: Sep 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.20
+Contact: Matthew Gerlach <matthew.gerlach@altera.com>
+Description: Read only. Returns number of times the secure update
+ staging area has been flashed.
+ Format: "%u".
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-rapid-start b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-rapid-start
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5a7d2e217d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-rapid-start
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/intel-rapid-start/wakeup_events
+Date: July 2, 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@srcf.ucam.org>
+Description: An integer representing a set of wakeup events as follows:
+ 1: Wake to enter hibernation when the wakeup timer expires
+ 2: Wake to enter hibernation when the battery reaches a
+ critical level
+
+ These values are ORed together. For example, a value of 3
+ indicates that the system will wake to enter hibernation when
+ either the wakeup timer expires or the battery reaches a
+ critical level.
+
+What: /sys/bus/acpi/intel-rapid-start/wakeup_time
+Date: July 2, 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@srcf.ucam.org>
+Description: An integer representing the length of time the system will
+ remain asleep before waking up to enter hibernation.
+ This value is in minutes.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-xe-hwmon b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-xe-hwmon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d9e2b17c6872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel-xe-hwmon
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power1_max
+Date: September 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Card reactive sustained (PL1) power limit in microwatts.
+
+ The power controller will throttle the operating frequency
+ if the power averaged over a window (typically seconds)
+ exceeds this limit. A read value of 0 means that the PL1
+ power limit is disabled, writing 0 disables the
+ limit. Writing values > 0 and <= TDP will enable the power limit.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power1_rated_max
+Date: September 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Card default power limit (default TDP setting).
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/energy1_input
+Date: September 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Card energy input of device in microjoules.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power1_max_interval
+Date: October 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.6
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Card sustained power limit interval (Tau in PL1/Tau) in
+ milliseconds over which sustained power is averaged.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power2_max
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Package reactive sustained (PL1) power limit in microwatts.
+
+ The power controller will throttle the operating frequency
+ if the power averaged over a window (typically seconds)
+ exceeds this limit. A read value of 0 means that the PL1
+ power limit is disabled, writing 0 disables the
+ limit. Writing values > 0 and <= TDP will enable the power limit.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power2_rated_max
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Package default power limit (default TDP setting).
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power1_crit
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Card reactive critical (I1) power limit in microwatts.
+
+ Card reactive critical (I1) power limit in microwatts is exposed
+ for client products. The power controller will throttle the
+ operating frequency if the power averaged over a window exceeds
+ this limit.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/curr1_crit
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Card reactive critical (I1) power limit in milliamperes.
+
+ Card reactive critical (I1) power limit in milliamperes is
+ exposed for server products. The power controller will throttle
+ the operating frequency if the power averaged over a window
+ exceeds this limit.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/energy2_input
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Package energy input of device in microjoules.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power2_max_interval
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Package sustained power limit interval (Tau in PL1/Tau) in
+ milliseconds over which sustained power is averaged.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/in1_input
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Package current voltage in millivolt.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/temp2_input
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Package temperature in millidegree Celsius.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/temp3_input
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. VRAM temperature in millidegree Celsius.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/fan1_input
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Fan 1 speed in RPM.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/fan2_input
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Fan 2 speed in RPM.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/fan3_input
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RO. Fan 3 speed in RPM.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power1_cap
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Card burst (PL2) power limit in microwatts.
+
+ The power controller will throttle the operating frequency
+ if the power averaged over a window (typically milli seconds)
+ exceeds this limit. A read value of 0 means that the PL2
+ power limit is disabled, writing 0 disables the limit.
+ PL2 is greater than PL1 and its time window is lesser
+ compared to PL1.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power2_cap
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Package burst (PL2) power limit in microwatts.
+
+ The power controller will throttle the operating frequency
+ if the power averaged over a window (typically milli seconds)
+ exceeds this limit. A read value of 0 means that the PL2
+ power limit is disabled, writing 0 disables the limit.
+ PL2 is greater than PL1 and its time window is lesser
+ compared to PL1.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power1_cap_interval
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Card burst power limit interval (Tau in PL2/Tau) in
+ milliseconds over which sustained power is averaged.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xe/.../hwmon/hwmon<i>/power2_cap_interval
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: intel-xe@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: RW. Package burst power limit interval (Tau in PL2/Tau) in
+ milliseconds over which sustained power is averaged.
+
+ Only supported for particular Intel Xe graphics platforms.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel_sdsi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel_sdsi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f8afed127107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-intel_sdsi
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+What: /sys/bus/auxiliary/devices/intel_vsec.sdsi.X
+Date: Feb 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "David E. Box" <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ This directory contains interface files for accessing Intel
+ On Demand (formerly Software Defined Silicon or SDSi) features
+ on a CPU. X represents the socket instance (though not the
+ socket ID). The socket ID is determined by reading the
+ registers file and decoding it per the specification.
+
+ Some files communicate with On Demand hardware through a
+ mailbox. Should the operation fail, one of the following error
+ codes may be returned:
+
+ ========== =====
+ Error Code Cause
+ ========== =====
+ EIO General mailbox failure. Log may indicate cause.
+ EBUSY Mailbox is owned by another agent.
+ EPERM On Demand capability is not enabled in hardware.
+ EPROTO Failure in mailbox protocol detected by driver.
+ See log for details.
+ EOVERFLOW For provision commands, the size of the data
+ exceeds what may be written.
+ ESPIPE Seeking is not allowed.
+ ETIMEDOUT Failure to complete mailbox transaction in time.
+ ========== =====
+
+What: /sys/bus/auxiliary/devices/intel_vsec.sdsi.X/guid
+Date: Feb 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "David E. Box" <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) The GUID for the registers file. The GUID identifies
+ the layout of the registers file in this directory.
+ Information about the register layouts for a particular GUID
+ is available at http://github.com/intel/intel-sdsi
+
+What: /sys/bus/auxiliary/devices/intel_vsec.sdsi.X/registers
+Date: Feb 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "David E. Box" <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Contains information needed by applications to provision
+ a CPU and monitor status information. The layout of this file
+ is determined by the GUID in this directory. Information about
+ the layout for a particular GUID is available at
+ http://github.com/intel/intel-sdsi
+
+What: /sys/bus/auxiliary/devices/intel_vsec.sdsi.X/provision_akc
+Date: Feb 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "David E. Box" <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (WO) Used to write an Authentication Key Certificate (AKC) to
+ the On Demand NVRAM for the CPU. The AKC is used to authenticate
+ a Capability Activation Payload. Mailbox command.
+
+What: /sys/bus/auxiliary/devices/intel_vsec.sdsi.X/provision_cap
+Date: Feb 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "David E. Box" <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (WO) Used to write a Capability Activation Payload (CAP) to the
+ On Demand NVRAM for the CPU. CAPs are used to activate a given
+ CPU feature. A CAP is validated by On Demand hardware using a
+ previously provisioned AKC file. Upon successful authentication,
+ the CPU configuration is updated. A cold reboot is required to
+ fully activate the feature. Mailbox command.
+
+What: /sys/bus/auxiliary/devices/intel_vsec.sdsi.X/meter_certificate
+Date: Nov 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: "David E. Box" <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Used to read back the current meter certificate for the CPU
+ from Intel On Demand hardware. The meter certificate contains
+ utilization metrics of On Demand enabled features. Mailbox
+ command.
+
+What: /sys/bus/auxiliary/devices/intel_vsec.sdsi.X/state_certificate
+Date: Feb 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.18
+Contact: "David E. Box" <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) Used to read back the current state certificate for the CPU
+ from On Demand hardware. The state certificate contains
+ information about the current licenses on the CPU. Mailbox
+ command.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-jz4780-efuse b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-jz4780-efuse
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4cf595d681e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-jz4780-efuse
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/devices/*/<our-device>/nvmem
+Date: December 2017
+Contact: PrasannaKumar Muralidharan <prasannatsmkumar@gmail.com>
+Description: read-only access to the efuse on the Ingenic JZ4780 SoC
+ The SoC has a one time programmable 8K efuse that is
+ split into segments. The driver supports read only.
+ The segments are:
+
+ ===== ======== =================
+ 0x000 64 bit Random Number
+ 0x008 128 bit Ingenic Chip ID
+ 0x018 128 bit Customer ID
+ 0x028 3520 bit Reserved
+ 0x1E0 8 bit Protect Segment
+ 0x1E1 2296 bit HDMI Key
+ 0x300 2048 bit Security boot key
+ ===== ======== =================
+
+Users: any user space application which wants to read the Chip
+ and Customer ID
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-panfrost-profiling b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-panfrost-profiling
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7597c420e54b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-panfrost-profiling
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/panfrost/.../profiling
+Date: February 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.8.0
+Contact: Adrian Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
+Description:
+ Get/set drm fdinfo's engine and cycles profiling status.
+ Valid values are:
+ 0: Don't enable fdinfo job profiling sources.
+ 1: Enable fdinfo job profiling sources, this enables both the GPU's
+ timestamp and cycle counter registers.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-panthor-profiling b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-panthor-profiling
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..af05fccedc15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-panthor-profiling
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/panthor/.../profiling
+Date: September 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11.0
+Contact: Adrian Larumbe <adrian.larumbe@collabora.com>
+Description:
+ Bitmask to enable drm fdinfo's job profiling measurements.
+ Valid values are:
+ 0: Don't enable fdinfo job profiling sources.
+ 1: Enable GPU cycle measurements for running jobs.
+ 2: Enable GPU timestamp sampling for running jobs.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-pciback b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-pciback
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..49f5fd0c8bbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-pciback
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pciback/quirks
+Date: Oct 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description:
+ If the permissive attribute is set, then writing a string in
+ the format of DDDD:BB:DD.F-REG:SIZE:MASK will allow the guest
+ to write and read from the PCI device. That is Domain:Bus:
+ Device.Function-Register:Size:Mask (Domain is optional).
+ For example::
+
+ #echo 00:19.0-E0:2:FF > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pciback/quirks
+
+ will allow the guest to read and write to the configuration
+ register 0x0E.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pciback/allow_interrupt_control
+Date: Jan 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description:
+ List of devices which can have interrupt control flag (INTx,
+ MSI, MSI-X) set by a connected guest. It is meant to be set
+ only when the guest is a stubdomain hosting device model (qemu)
+ and the actual device is assigned to a HVM. It is not safe
+ (similar to permissive attribute) to set for a devices assigned
+ to a PV guest. The device is automatically removed from this
+ list when the connected pcifront terminates.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ppi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ppi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1a56fc507689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ppi
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/ppi/
+Date: August 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.6
+Contact: xiaoyan.zhang@intel.com
+Description:
+ This folder includes the attributes related with PPI (Physical
+ Presence Interface). Only if TPM is supported by BIOS, this
+ folder makes sense. The folder path can be got by command
+ 'find /sys/ -name 'pcrs''. For the detail information of PPI,
+ please refer to the PPI specification from
+
+ http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/
+
+ In Linux 4.2 ppi was moved to the character device directory.
+ A symlink from tpmX/device/ppi to tpmX/ppi to provide backwards
+ compatibility.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/ppi/version
+Date: August 2012
+Contact: xiaoyan.zhang@intel.com
+Description:
+ This attribute shows the version of the PPI supported by the
+ platform.
+ This file is readonly.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/ppi/request
+Date: August 2012
+Contact: xiaoyan.zhang@intel.com
+Description:
+ This attribute shows the request for an operation to be
+ executed in the pre-OS environment. It is the only input from
+ the OS to the pre-OS environment. The request should be an
+ integer value range from 1 to 160, and 0 means no request.
+ This file can be read and written.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/ppi/response
+Date: August 2012
+Contact: xiaoyan.zhang@intel.com
+Description:
+ This attribute shows the response to the most recent operation
+ request it acted upon. The format is "<request> <response num>
+ : <response description>".
+ This file is readonly.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/ppi/transition_action
+Date: August 2012
+Contact: xiaoyan.zhang@intel.com
+Description:
+ This attribute shows the platform-specific action that should
+ take place in order to transition to the BIOS for execution of
+ a requested operation. The format is "<action num>: <action
+ description>".
+ This file is readonly.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/ppi/tcg_operations
+Date: August 2012
+Contact: xiaoyan.zhang@intel.com
+Description:
+ This attribute shows whether it is allowed to request an
+ operation to be executed in the pre-OS environment by the BIOS
+ for the requests defined by TCG, i.e. requests from 1 to 22.
+ The format is "<request> <status num>: <status description>".
+ This attribute is only supported by PPI version 1.2+.
+ This file is readonly.
+
+What: /sys/class/tpm/tpmX/ppi/vs_operations
+Date: August 2012
+Contact: xiaoyan.zhang@intel.com
+Description:
+ This attribute shows whether it is allowed to request an
+ operation to be executed in the pre-OS environment by the BIOS
+ for the verdor specific requests, i.e. requests from 128 to
+ 255. The format is same with tcg_operations. This attribute
+ is also only supported by PPI version 1.2+.
+ This file is readonly.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qaic b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qaic
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f794fd734163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qaic
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/qaic/XXXX:XX:XX.X/ce_count
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.17
+Contact: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: Number of correctable errors received from device since driver is loaded.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/qaic/XXXX:XX:XX.X/ue_count
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.17
+Contact: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: Number of uncorrectable errors received from device since driver is loaded.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/drivers/qaic/XXXX:XX:XX.X/ue_nonfatal_count
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.17
+Contact: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org
+Description: Number of uncorrectable non-fatal errors received from device since driver
+ is loaded.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b0561b9fc4eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/state
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.0
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RW) Reports the current state of the QAT device. Write to
+ the file to start or stop the device.
+
+ The values are:
+
+ * up: the device is up and running
+ * down: the device is down
+
+
+ It is possible to transition the device from up to down only
+ if the device is up and vice versa.
+
+ This attribute is available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/cfg_services
+Date: June 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.0
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RW) Reports the current configuration of the QAT device.
+ Write to the file to change the configured services.
+
+ One or more services can be enabled per device.
+ Certain configurations are restricted to specific device types;
+ where applicable this is explicitly indicated, for example
+ (qat_6xxx) denotes applicability exclusively to that device series.
+
+ The available services include:
+
+ * sym: Configures the device for symmetric cryptographic operations.
+ * asym: Configures the device for asymmetric cryptographic operations.
+ * dc: Configures the device for compression and decompression
+ operations.
+ * dcc: Similar to dc, but with the additional dc chaining feature
+ enabled, cipher then compress (qat_6xxx), hash then compression.
+ If this is not required choose dc.
+ * decomp: Configures the device for decompression operations (qat_6xxx).
+
+ Service combinations are permitted for all services except dcc.
+ On QAT GEN4 devices (qat_4xxx driver) a maximum of two services can be
+ combined and on QAT GEN6 devices (qat_6xxx driver ) a maximum of three
+ services can be combined.
+ The order of services is not significant. For instance, sym;asym is
+ functionally equivalent to asym;sym.
+
+ It is possible to set the configuration only if the device
+ is in the `down` state (see /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/state)
+
+ The following example shows how to change the configuration of
+ a device configured for running crypto services in order to
+ run data compression::
+
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/state
+ up
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/cfg_services
+ sym;asym
+ # echo down > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/state
+ # echo dc > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/cfg_services
+ # echo up > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/state
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/cfg_services
+ dc
+
+ This attribute is available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/pm_idle_enabled
+Date: June 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RW) This configuration option provides a way to force the device into remaining in
+ the MAX power state.
+ If idle support is enabled the device will transition to the `MIN` power state when
+ idle, otherwise will stay in the MAX power state.
+ Write to the file to enable or disable idle support.
+
+ The values are:
+
+ * 0: idle support is disabled
+ * 1: idle support is enabled
+
+ Default value is 1.
+
+ It is possible to set the pm_idle_enabled value only if the device
+ is in the `down` state (see /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/state)
+
+ The following example shows how to change the pm_idle_enabled of
+ a device::
+
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/state
+ up
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/pm_idle_enabled
+ 1
+ # echo down > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/state
+ # echo 0 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/pm_idle_enabled
+ # echo up > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/state
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/pm_idle_enabled
+ 0
+
+ This attribute is available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/rp2srv
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description:
+ (RW) This attribute provides a way for a user to query a
+ specific ring pair for the type of service that it is currently
+ configured for.
+
+ When written to, the value is cached and used to perform the
+ read operation. Allowed values are in the range 0 to N-1, where
+ N is the max number of ring pairs supported by a device. This
+ can be queried using the attribute qat/num_rps.
+
+ A read returns the service associated to the ring pair queried.
+
+ The values are:
+
+ * dc: the ring pair is configured for running compression services
+ * sym: the ring pair is configured for running symmetric crypto
+ services
+ * asym: the ring pair is configured for running asymmetric crypto
+ services
+
+ Example usage::
+
+ # echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/rp2srv
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/rp2srv
+ sym
+
+ This attribute is available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/num_rps
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description:
+ (RO) Returns the number of ring pairs that a single device has.
+
+ Example usage::
+
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/num_rps
+ 64
+
+ This attribute is available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat/auto_reset
+Date: May 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.9
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RW) Reports the current state of the autoreset feature
+ for a QAT device
+
+ Write to the attribute to enable or disable device auto reset.
+
+ Device auto reset is disabled by default.
+
+ The values are:
+
+ * 1/Yy/on: auto reset enabled. If the device encounters an
+ unrecoverable error, it will be reset automatically.
+ * 0/Nn/off: auto reset disabled. If the device encounters an
+ unrecoverable error, it will not be reset.
+
+ This attribute is available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat_ras b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat_ras
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..82ceb04445ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat_ras
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_ras/errors_correctable
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RO) Reports the number of correctable errors detected by the device.
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_ras/errors_nonfatal
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RO) Reports the number of non fatal errors detected by the device.
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_ras/errors_fatal
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (RO) Reports the number of fatal errors detected by the device.
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_ras/reset_error_counters
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description: (WO) Write to resets all error counters of a device.
+
+ The following example reports how to reset the counters::
+
+ # echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_ras/reset_error_counters
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_ras/errors_correctable
+ 0
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_ras/errors_nonfatal
+ 0
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_ras/errors_fatal
+ 0
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat_rl b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat_rl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d534f89b4971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-qat_rl
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/sla_op
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description:
+ (WO) This attribute is used to perform an operation on an SLA.
+ The supported operations are: add, update, rm, rm_all, and get.
+
+ Input values must be filled through the associated attribute in
+ this group before a write to this file.
+ If the operation completes successfully, the associated
+ attributes will be updated.
+ The associated attributes are: cir, pir, srv, rp, and id.
+
+ Supported operations:
+
+ * add: Creates a new SLA with the provided inputs from user.
+ * Inputs: cir, pir, srv, and rp
+ * Output: id
+
+ * get: Returns the configuration of the specified SLA in id attribute
+ * Inputs: id
+ * Outputs: cir, pir, srv, and rp
+
+ * update: Updates the SLA with new values set in the following attributes
+ * Inputs: id, cir, and pir
+
+ * rm: Removes the specified SLA in the id attribute.
+ * Inputs: id
+
+ * rm_all: Removes all the configured SLAs.
+ * Inputs: None
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/rp
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description:
+ (RW) When read, reports the current assigned ring pairs for the
+ queried SLA.
+ When wrote to, configures the ring pairs associated to a new SLA.
+
+ The value is a 64-bit bit mask and is written/displayed in hex.
+ Each bit of this mask represents a single ring pair i.e.,
+ bit 1 == ring pair id 0; bit 3 == ring pair id 2.
+
+ Selected ring pairs must to be assigned to a single service,
+ i.e. the one provided with the srv attribute. The service
+ assigned to a certain ring pair can be checked by querying
+ the attribute qat/rp2srv.
+
+ The maximum number of ring pairs is 4 per SLA.
+
+ Applicability in sla_op:
+
+ * WRITE: add operation
+ * READ: get operation
+
+ Example usage::
+
+ ## Read
+ # echo 4 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/id
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/rp
+ 0x5
+
+ ## Write
+ # echo 0x5 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/rp
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/id
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description:
+ (RW) If written to, the value is used to retrieve a particular
+ SLA and operate on it.
+ This is valid only for the following operations: update, rm,
+ and get.
+ A read of this attribute is only guaranteed to have correct data
+ after creation of an SLA.
+
+ Applicability in sla_op:
+
+ * WRITE: rm and update operations
+ * READ: add and get operations
+
+ Example usage::
+
+ ## Read
+ ## Set attributes e.g. cir, pir, srv, etc
+ # echo "add" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/sla_op
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/id
+ 4
+
+ ## Write
+ # echo 7 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/id
+ # echo "get" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/sla_op
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/rp
+ 0x5 ## ring pair ID 0 and ring pair ID 2
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/cir
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description:
+ (RW) Committed information rate (CIR). Rate guaranteed to be
+ achieved by a particular SLA. The value is expressed in
+ permille scale, i.e. 1000 refers to the maximum device
+ throughput for a selected service.
+
+ After sending a "get" to sla_op, this will be populated with the
+ CIR for that queried SLA.
+ Write to this file before sending an "add/update" sla_op, to set
+ the SLA to the specified value.
+
+ Applicability in sla_op:
+
+ * WRITE: add and update operations
+ * READ: get operation
+
+ Example usage::
+
+ ## Write
+ # echo 500 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/cir
+ # echo "add" /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/sla_op
+
+ ## Read
+ # echo 4 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/id
+ # echo "get" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/sla_op
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/cir
+ 500
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/pir
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description:
+ (RW) Peak information rate (PIR). The maximum rate that can be
+ achieved by that particular SLA. An SLA can reach a value
+ between CIR and PIR when the device is not fully utilized by
+ requests from other users (assigned to different SLAs).
+
+ After sending a "get" to sla_op, this will be populated with the
+ PIR for that queried SLA.
+ Write to this file before sending an "add/update" sla_op, to set
+ the SLA to the specified value.
+
+ Applicability in sla_op:
+
+ * WRITE: add and update operations
+ * READ: get operation
+
+ Example usage::
+
+ ## Write
+ # echo 750 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/pir
+ # echo "add" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/sla_op
+
+ ## Read
+ # echo 4 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/id
+ # echo "get" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/sla_op
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/pir
+ 750
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/srv
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description:
+ (RW) Service (SRV). Represents the service (sym, asym, dc)
+ associated to an SLA.
+ Can be written to or queried to set/show the SRV type for an SLA.
+ The SRV attribute is used to specify the SRV type before adding
+ an SLA. After an SLA is configured, reports the service
+ associated to that SLA.
+
+ Applicability in sla_op:
+
+ * WRITE: add and update operations
+ * READ: get operation
+
+ Example usage::
+
+ ## Write
+ # echo "dc" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/srv
+ # echo "add" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/sla_op
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/id
+ 4
+
+ ## Read
+ # echo 4 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/id
+ # echo "get" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/sla_op
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/srv
+ dc
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/cap_rem
+Date: January 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: qat-linux@intel.com
+Description:
+ (RW) This file will return the remaining capability for a
+ particular service/sla. This is the remaining value that a new
+ SLA can be set to or a current SLA can be increased with.
+
+ Example usage::
+
+ # echo "asym" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/cap_rem
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/cap_rem
+ 250
+ # echo 250 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/cir
+ # echo "add" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/sla_op
+ # cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<BDF>/qat_rl/cap_rem
+ 0
+
+ This attribute is only available for qat_4xxx and qat_6xxx devices.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-samsung-laptop b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-samsung-laptop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..408cb0ddf4aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-samsung-laptop
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/samsung/performance_level
+Date: January 1, 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.33
+Contact: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
+Description: Some Samsung laptops have different "performance levels"
+ that can be modified by a function key, and by this
+ sysfs file. These values don't always make a whole lot
+ of sense, but some users like to modify them to keep
+ their fans quiet at all costs. Reading from this file
+ will show the current performance level. Writing to the
+ file can change this value.
+
+ Valid options:
+ - "silent"
+ - "normal"
+ - "overclock"
+
+ Note that not all laptops support all of these options.
+ Specifically, not all support the "overclock" option,
+ and it's still unknown if this value even changes
+ anything, other than making the user feel a bit better.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/samsung/usb_charge
+Date: December 1, 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Corentin Chary <corentin.chary@gmail.com>
+Description: Use your USB ports to charge devices, even
+ when your laptop is powered off.
+ 1 means enabled, 0 means disabled.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/samsung/lid_handling
+Date: December 11, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Julijonas Kikutis <julijonas.kikutis@gmail.com>
+Description: Some Samsung laptops handle lid closing quicker and
+ only handle lid opening with this mode enabled.
+ 1 means enabled, 0 means disabled.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-spi-intel b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-spi-intel
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d7c9139ddbf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-spi-intel
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What: /sys/devices/.../intel_spi_protected
+Date: Feb 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Alexander Usyskin <alexander.usyskin@intel.com>
+Description: This attribute allows the userspace to check if the
+ Intel SPI flash controller is write protected from the host.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../intel_spi_locked
+Date: Feb 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Alexander Usyskin <alexander.usyskin@intel.com>
+Description: This attribute allows the user space to check if the
+ Intel SPI flash controller locks supported opcodes.
+
+What: /sys/devices/.../intel_spi_bios_locked
+Date: Feb 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Alexander Usyskin <alexander.usyskin@intel.com>
+Description: This attribute allows the user space to check if the
+ Intel SPI flash controller BIOS region is locked for writes.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-st b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-st
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..88cab66fd77f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-st
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+What: /sys/bus/scsi/drivers/st/debug_flag
+Date: October 2015
+KernelVersion: ?.?
+Contact: shane.seymour@hpe.com
+Description:
+ This file allows you to turn debug output from the st driver
+ off if you write a '0' to the file or on if you write a '1'.
+ Note that debug output requires that the module be compiled
+ with the #define DEBUG set to a non-zero value (this is the
+ default). If DEBUG is set to 0 then this file will not
+ appear in sysfs as its presence is conditional upon debug
+ output support being compiled into the module.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-tegra-fuse b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-tegra-fuse
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b8936fad2ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-tegra-fuse
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+What: /sys/devices/*/<our-device>/fuse
+Date: February 2014
+Contact: Peter De Schrijver <pdeschrijver@nvidia.com>
+Description: read-only access to the efuses on Tegra20, Tegra30, Tegra114
+ and Tegra124 SoC's from NVIDIA. The efuses contain write once
+ data programmed at the factory. The data is laid out in 32bit
+ words in LSB first format. Each bit represents a single value
+ as decoded from the fuse registers. Bits order/assignment
+ exactly matches the HW registers, including any unused bits.
+Users: any user space application which wants to read the efuses on
+ Tegra SoC's
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-toshiba_acpi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-toshiba_acpi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e5a438d84e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-toshiba_acpi
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/kbd_backlight_mode
+Date: June 8, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the keyboard backlight operation mode, valid
+ values are:
+
+ * 0x1 -> FN-Z
+ * 0x2 -> AUTO (also called TIMER)
+ * 0x8 -> ON
+ * 0x10 -> OFF
+
+ Note that from kernel 3.16 onwards this file accepts all listed
+ parameters, kernel 3.15 only accepts the first two (FN-Z and
+ AUTO).
+ Also note that toggling this value on type 1 devices, requires
+ a reboot for changes to take effect.
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/kbd_backlight_timeout
+Date: June 8, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the timeout of the keyboard backlight
+ whenever the operation mode is set to AUTO (or TIMER),
+ valid values range from 0-60.
+ Note that the kernel 3.15 only had support for the first
+ keyboard type, the kernel 3.16 added support for the second
+ type and the range accepted for type 2 is 1-60.
+ See the entry named "kbd_type"
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/position
+Date: June 8, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file shows the absolute position of the built-in
+ accelereometer.
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/touchpad
+Date: June 8, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.15
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This files controls the status of the touchpad and pointing
+ stick (if available), valid values are:
+
+ * 0 -> OFF
+ * 1 -> ON
+
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/available_kbd_modes
+Date: August 3, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file shows the supported keyboard backlight modes
+ the system supports, which can be:
+
+ * 0x1 -> FN-Z
+ * 0x2 -> AUTO (also called TIMER)
+ * 0x8 -> ON
+ * 0x10 -> OFF
+
+ Note that not all keyboard types support the listed modes.
+ See the entry named "available_kbd_modes"
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/kbd_type
+Date: August 3, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file shows the current keyboard backlight type,
+ which can be:
+
+ * 1 -> Type 1, supporting modes FN-Z and AUTO
+ * 2 -> Type 2, supporting modes TIMER, ON and OFF
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/usb_sleep_charge
+Date: January 23, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the USB Sleep & Charge charging mode, which
+ can be:
+
+ * 0 -> Disabled (0x00)
+ * 1 -> Alternate (0x09)
+ * 2 -> Auto (0x21)
+ * 3 -> Typical (0x11)
+
+ Note that from kernel 4.1 onwards this file accepts all listed
+ values, kernel 4.0 only supports the first three.
+ Note that this feature only works when connected to power, if
+ you want to use it under battery, see the entry named
+ "sleep_functions_on_battery"
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/sleep_functions_on_battery
+Date: January 23, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the USB Sleep Functions under battery, and
+ set the level at which point they will be disabled, accepted
+ values can be:
+
+ * 0 -> Disabled
+ * 1-100 -> Battery level to disable sleep functions
+
+ Currently it prints two values, the first one indicates if the
+ feature is enabled or disabled, while the second one shows the
+ current battery level set.
+ Note that when the value is set to disabled, the sleep function
+ will only work when connected to power.
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/usb_rapid_charge
+Date: January 23, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the USB Rapid Charge state, which can be:
+
+ * 0 -> Disabled
+ * 1 -> Enabled
+
+ Note that toggling this value requires a reboot for changes to
+ take effect.
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/usb_sleep_music
+Date: January 23, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the Sleep & Music state, which values can be:
+
+ * 0 -> Disabled
+ * 1 -> Enabled
+
+ Note that this feature only works when connected to power, if
+ you want to use it under battery, see the entry named
+ "sleep_functions_on_battery"
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/version
+Date: February 12, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file shows the current version of the driver
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/fan
+Date: February 12, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the state of the internal fan, valid
+ values are:
+
+ * 0 -> OFF
+ * 1 -> ON
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/kbd_function_keys
+Date: February 12, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the Special Functions (hotkeys) operation
+ mode, valid values are:
+
+ * 0 -> Normal Operation
+ * 1 -> Special Functions
+
+ In the "Normal Operation" mode, the F{1-12} keys are as usual
+ and the hotkeys are accessed via FN-F{1-12}.
+ In the "Special Functions" mode, the F{1-12} keys trigger the
+ hotkey and the F{1-12} keys are accessed via FN-F{1-12}.
+ Note that toggling this value requires a reboot for changes to
+ take effect.
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/panel_power_on
+Date: February 12, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls whether the laptop should turn ON whenever
+ the LID is opened, valid values are:
+
+ * 0 -> Disabled
+ * 1 -> Enabled
+
+ Note that toggling this value requires a reboot for changes to
+ take effect.
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/usb_three
+Date: February 12, 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.0
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the USB 3 functionality, valid values are:
+
+ * 0 -> Disabled (Acts as a regular USB 2)
+ * 1 -> Enabled (Full USB 3 functionality)
+
+ Note that toggling this value requires a reboot for changes to
+ take effect.
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS{1900,620{0,7,8}}:00/cooling_method
+Date: 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the Cooling Method feature.
+ Reading this file prints two values, the first is the actual cooling method
+ and the second is the maximum cooling method supported.
+ When the maximum cooling method is ONE, valid values are:
+
+ * 0 -> Maximum Performance
+ * 1 -> Battery Optimized
+
+ When the maximum cooling method is TWO, valid values are:
+
+ * 0 -> Maximum Performance
+ * 1 -> Performance
+ * 2 -> Battery Optimized
+
+Users: KToshiba
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-toshiba_haps b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-toshiba_haps
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c938690ce10d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-toshiba_haps
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS620A:00/protection_level
+Date: August 16, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file controls the built-in accelerometer protection level,
+ valid values are:
+
+ * 0 -> Disabled
+ * 1 -> Low
+ * 2 -> Medium
+ * 3 -> High
+
+ The default potection value is set to 2 (Medium).
+Users: KToshiba
+
+What: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/TOS620A:00/reset_protection
+Date: August 16, 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Azael Avalos <coproscefalo@gmail.com>
+Description: This file turns off the built-in accelerometer for a few
+ seconds and then restore normal operation. Accepting 1 as the
+ only parameter.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-typec-displayport b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-typec-displayport
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..314acd54e13e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-typec-displayport
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+What: /sys/bus/typec/devices/.../displayport/configuration
+Date: July 2018
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the current DisplayPort configuration for the connector.
+ Valid values are USB, source and sink. Source means DisplayPort
+ source, and sink means DisplayPort sink.
+
+ All supported configurations are listed as space separated list
+ with the active one wrapped in square brackets.
+
+ Source example:
+
+ USB [source] sink
+
+ The configuration can be changed by writing to the file
+
+ Note. USB configuration does not equal to Exit Mode. It is
+ separate configuration defined in VESA DisplayPort Alt Mode on
+ USB Type-C Standard. Functionally it equals to the situation
+ where the mode has been exited (to exit the mode, see
+ Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-typec, and use file
+ /sys/bus/typec/devices/.../active).
+
+What: /sys/bus/typec/devices/.../displayport/pin_assignment
+Date: July 2018
+Contact: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ VESA DisplayPort Alt Mode on USB Type-C Standard defines six
+ different pin assignments for USB Type-C connector that are
+ labeled A, B, C, D, E, and F. The supported pin assignments are
+ listed as space separated list with the active one wrapped in
+ square brackets.
+
+ Example:
+
+ C [D]
+
+ Pin assignment can be changed by writing to the file. It is
+ possible to set pin assignment before configuration has been
+ set, but the assignment will not be active before the
+ connector is actually configured.
+
+ Note. As of VESA DisplayPort Alt Mode on USB Type-C Standard
+ version 1.0b, pin assignments A, B, and F are deprecated. Only
+ pin assignment D can now carry simultaneously one channel of
+ USB SuperSpeed protocol. From user perspective pin assignments C
+ and E are equal, where all channels on the connector are used
+ for carrying DisplayPort protocol (allowing higher resolutions).
+
+What: /sys/bus/typec/devices/.../displayport/hpd
+Date: Dec 2022
+Contact: Badhri Jagan Sridharan <badhri@google.com>
+Description:
+ VESA DisplayPort Alt Mode on USB Type-C Standard defines how
+ HotPlugDetect(HPD) shall be supported on the USB-C connector when
+ operating in DisplayPort Alt Mode. This is a read only node which
+ reflects the current state of HPD.
+
+ Valid values:
+ - 1: when HPD’s logical state is high (HPD_High) as defined
+ by VESA DisplayPort Alt Mode on USB Type-C Standard.
+ - 0 when HPD’s logical state is low (HPD_Low) as defined by
+ VESA DisplayPort Alt Mode on USB Type-C Standard.
+
+What: /sys/bus/typec/devices/.../displayport/irq_hpd
+Date: June 2025
+Contact: RD Babiera <rdbabiera@google.com>
+Description:
+ IRQ_HPD events are sent over the USB PD protocol in Status Update and
+ Attention messages. IRQ_HPD can only be asserted when HPD is high,
+ and is asserted when an IRQ_HPD has been issued since the last Status
+ Update. This is a read only node that returns the number of IRQ events
+ raised in the driver's lifetime.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-uacce b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-uacce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d3f0b8f3c589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-uacce
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+What: /sys/class/uacce/<dev_name>/api
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: linux-accelerators@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: Api of the device
+ Can be any string and up to userspace to parse.
+ Application use the api to match the correct driver
+
+What: /sys/class/uacce/<dev_name>/flags
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: linux-accelerators@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: Attributes of the device, see UACCE_DEV_xxx flag defined in uacce.h
+
+What: /sys/class/uacce/<dev_name>/available_instances
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: linux-accelerators@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: Available instances left of the device
+ Return -ENODEV if uacce_ops get_available_instances is not provided
+
+What: /sys/class/uacce/<dev_name>/isolate_strategy
+Date: Nov 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-accelerators@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: (RW) A sysfs node that configure the error threshold for the hardware
+ isolation strategy. This size is a configured integer value, which is the
+ number of threshold for hardware errors occurred in one hour. The default is 0.
+ 0 means never isolate the device. The maximum value is 65535. You can write
+ a number of threshold based on your hardware.
+
+What: /sys/class/uacce/<dev_name>/isolate
+Date: Nov 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: linux-accelerators@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: (R) A sysfs node that read the device isolated state. The value 1
+ means the device is unavailable. The 0 means the device is
+ available.
+
+What: /sys/class/uacce/<dev_name>/algorithms
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: linux-accelerators@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: Algorithms supported by this accelerator, separated by new line.
+ Can be any string and up to userspace to parse.
+
+What: /sys/class/uacce/<dev_name>/region_mmio_size
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: linux-accelerators@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: Size (bytes) of mmio region queue file
+
+What: /sys/class/uacce/<dev_name>/region_dus_size
+Date: Feb 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: linux-accelerators@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: Size (bytes) of dus region queue file
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ucsi-ccg b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ucsi-ccg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..45cf62ad89e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ucsi-ccg
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+What: /sys/bus/i2c/drivers/ucsi_ccg/.../do_flash
+Date: May 2019
+Contact: Ajay Gupta <ajayg@nvidia.com>
+Description:
+ Tell the driver for Cypress CCGx Type-C controller to attempt
+ firmware upgrade by writing [Yy1] to the file.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ufs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ufs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a90612ab5780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-ufs
@@ -0,0 +1,1770 @@
+What: /sys/bus/*/drivers/ufshcd/*/auto_hibern8
+Date: March 2018
+Contact: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ This file contains the auto-hibernate idle timer setting of a
+ UFS host controller. A value of '0' means auto-hibernate is not
+ enabled. Otherwise the value is the number of microseconds of
+ idle time before the UFS host controller will autonomously put
+ the link into hibernate state. That will save power at the
+ expense of increased latency. Note that the hardware supports
+ 10-bit values with a power-of-ten multiplier which allows a
+ maximum value of 102300000. Refer to the UFS Host Controller
+ Interface specification for more details.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/device_type
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/device_type
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the device type. This is one of the UFS
+ device descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/device_class
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/device_class
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the device class. This is one of the UFS
+ device descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/device_sub_class
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/device_sub_class
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the UFS storage subclass. This is one of
+ the UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/protocol
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/protocol
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the protocol supported by an UFS device.
+ This is one of the UFS device descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found
+ at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/number_of_luns
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/number_of_luns
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows number of logical units. This is one of
+ the UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/number_of_wluns
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/number_of_wluns
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows number of well known logical units.
+ This is one of the UFS device descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found
+ at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/boot_enable
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/boot_enable
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows value that indicates whether the device is
+ enabled for boot. This is one of the UFS device descriptor
+ parameters. The full information about the descriptor could
+ be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/descriptor_access_enable
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/descriptor_access_enable
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows value that indicates whether the device
+ descriptor could be read after partial initialization phase
+ of the boot sequence. This is one of the UFS device descriptor
+ parameters. The full information about the descriptor could
+ be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/initial_power_mode
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/initial_power_mode
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows value that defines the power mode after
+ device initialization or hardware reset. This is one of
+ the UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/high_priority_lun
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/high_priority_lun
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the high priority lun. This is one of
+ the UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/secure_removal_type
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/secure_removal_type
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the secure removal type. This is one of
+ the UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/support_security_lun
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/support_security_lun
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows whether the security lun is supported.
+ This is one of the UFS device descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found
+ at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/bkops_termination_latency
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/bkops_termination_latency
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the background operations termination
+ latency. This is one of the UFS device descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found
+ at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/initial_active_icc_level
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/initial_active_icc_level
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the initial active ICC level. This is one
+ of the UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/specification_version
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/specification_version
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the specification version. This is one
+ of the UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/manufacturing_date
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/manufacturing_date
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the manufacturing date in BCD format.
+ This is one of the UFS device descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found
+ at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/manufacturer_id
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/manufacturer_id
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the manufacturer ID. This is one of the
+ UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/rtt_capability
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/rtt_capability
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum number of outstanding RTTs
+ supported by the device. This is one of the UFS device
+ descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/rtc_update
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/rtc_update
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the frequency and method of the realtime
+ clock update. This is one of the UFS device descriptor
+ parameters. The full information about the descriptor
+ could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/ufs_features
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/ufs_features
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows which features are supported by the device.
+ This is one of the UFS device descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be
+ found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/ffu_timeout
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/ffu_timeout
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the FFU timeout. This is one of the
+ UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/queue_depth
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/queue_depth
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the device queue depth. This is one of the
+ UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/device_version
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/device_version
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the device version. This is one of the
+ UFS device descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/number_of_secure_wpa
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/number_of_secure_wpa
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows number of secure write protect areas
+ supported by the device. This is one of the UFS device
+ descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/psa_max_data_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/psa_max_data_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum amount of data that may be
+ written during the pre-soldering phase of the PSA flow.
+ This is one of the UFS device descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found
+ at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/psa_state_timeout
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/psa_state_timeout
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the command maximum timeout for a change
+ in PSA state. This is one of the UFS device descriptor
+ parameters. The full information about the descriptor could
+ be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/interconnect_descriptor/unipro_version
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/interconnect_descriptor/unipro_version
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the MIPI UniPro version number in BCD format.
+ This is one of the UFS interconnect descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/interconnect_descriptor/mphy_version
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/interconnect_descriptor/mphy_version
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the MIPI M-PHY version number in BCD format.
+ This is one of the UFS interconnect descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/raw_device_capacity
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/raw_device_capacity
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the total memory quantity available to
+ the user to configure the device logical units. This is one
+ of the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/max_number_of_luns
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/max_number_of_luns
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum number of logical units
+ supported by the UFS device. This is one of the UFS
+ geometry descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/segment_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/segment_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the segment size. This is one of the UFS
+ geometry descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/allocation_unit_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/allocation_unit_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the allocation unit size. This is one of
+ the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/min_addressable_block_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/min_addressable_block_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the minimum addressable block size. This
+ is one of the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at UFS
+ specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/optimal_read_block_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/optimal_read_block_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the optimal read block size. This is one
+ of the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at UFS
+ specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/optimal_write_block_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/optimal_write_block_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the optimal write block size. This is one
+ of the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at UFS
+ specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/max_in_buffer_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/max_in_buffer_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum data-in buffer size. This
+ is one of the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at UFS
+ specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/max_out_buffer_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/max_out_buffer_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum data-out buffer size. This
+ is one of the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at UFS
+ specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/rpmb_rw_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/rpmb_rw_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum number of RPMB frames allowed
+ in Security Protocol In/Out. This is one of the UFS geometry
+ descriptor parameters. The full information about the
+ descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/dyn_capacity_resource_policy
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/dyn_capacity_resource_policy
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the dynamic capacity resource policy. This
+ is one of the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/data_ordering
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/data_ordering
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows support for out-of-order data transfer.
+ This is one of the UFS geometry descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/max_number_of_contexts
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/max_number_of_contexts
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows maximum available number of contexts which
+ are supported by the device. This is one of the UFS geometry
+ descriptor parameters. The full information about the
+ descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/sys_data_tag_unit_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/sys_data_tag_unit_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows system data tag unit size. This is one of
+ the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/sys_data_tag_resource_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/sys_data_tag_resource_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows maximum storage area size allocated by
+ the device to handle system data by the tagging mechanism.
+ This is one of the UFS geometry descriptor parameters.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/secure_removal_types
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/secure_removal_types
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows supported secure removal types. This is
+ one of the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/memory_types
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/memory_types
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows supported memory types. This is one of
+ the UFS geometry descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/*_memory_max_alloc_units
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/*_memory_max_alloc_units
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum number of allocation units for
+ different memory types (system code, non persistent,
+ enhanced type 1-4). This is one of the UFS geometry
+ descriptor parameters. The full information about the
+ descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/*_memory_capacity_adjustment_factor
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/*_memory_capacity_adjustment_factor
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the memory capacity adjustment factor for
+ different memory types (system code, non persistent,
+ enhanced type 1-4). This is one of the UFS geometry
+ descriptor parameters. The full information about the
+ descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/health_descriptor/eol_info
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/health_descriptor/eol_info
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows preend of life information. This is one
+ of the UFS health descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/health_descriptor/life_time_estimation_a
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/health_descriptor/life_time_estimation_a
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows indication of the device life time
+ (method a). This is one of the UFS health descriptor
+ parameters. The full information about the descriptor
+ could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/health_descriptor/life_time_estimation_b
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/health_descriptor/life_time_estimation_b
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows indication of the device life time
+ (method b). This is one of the UFS health descriptor
+ parameters. The full information about the descriptor
+ could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/power_descriptor/active_icc_levels_vcc*
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/power_descriptor/active_icc_levels_vcc*
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows maximum VCC, VCCQ and VCCQ2 value for
+ active ICC levels from 0 to 15. This is one of the UFS
+ power descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/string_descriptors/manufacturer_name
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/string_descriptors/manufacturer_name
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file contains a device manufacturer name string.
+ The full information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/string_descriptors/product_name
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/string_descriptors/product_name
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file contains a product name string. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/string_descriptors/oem_id
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/string_descriptors/oem_id
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file contains a OEM ID string. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/string_descriptors/serial_number
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/string_descriptors/serial_number
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file contains a device serial number string. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/string_descriptors/product_revision
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/string_descriptors/product_revision
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file contains a product revision string. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/boot_lun_id
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows boot LUN information. This is one of
+ the UFS unit descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/lun_write_protect
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows LUN write protection status. This is one of
+ the UFS unit descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/lun_queue_depth
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows LUN queue depth. This is one of the UFS
+ unit descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/psa_sensitive
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows PSA sensitivity. This is one of the UFS
+ unit descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/lun_memory_type
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows LUN memory type. This is one of the UFS
+ unit descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/data_reliability
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file defines the device behavior when a power failure
+ occurs during a write operation. This is one of the UFS
+ unit descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/logical_block_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the size of addressable logical blocks
+ (calculated as an exponent with base 2). This is one of
+ the UFS unit descriptor parameters. The full information about
+ the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/logical_block_count
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows total number of addressable logical blocks.
+ This is one of the UFS unit descriptor parameters. The full
+ information about the descriptor could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/erase_block_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the erase block size. This is one of
+ the UFS unit descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/provisioning_type
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the thin provisioning type. This is one of
+ the UFS unit descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/physical_memory_resource_count
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the total physical memory resources. This is
+ one of the UFS unit descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/context_capabilities
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the context capabilities. This is one of
+ the UFS unit descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/large_unit_granularity
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the granularity of the LUN. This is one of
+ the UFS unit descriptor parameters. The full information
+ about the descriptor could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/device_init
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/device_init
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the device init status. The full information
+ about the flag could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/permanent_wpe
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/permanent_wpe
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows whether permanent write protection is enabled.
+ The full information about the flag could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/power_on_wpe
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/power_on_wpe
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows whether write protection is enabled on all
+ logical units configured as power on write protected. The
+ full information about the flag could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/bkops_enable
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/bkops_enable
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows whether the device background operations are
+ enabled. The full information about the flag could be
+ found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/life_span_mode_enable
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/life_span_mode_enable
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows whether the device life span mode is enabled.
+ The full information about the flag could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/phy_resource_removal
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/phy_resource_removal
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows whether physical resource removal is enable.
+ The full information about the flag could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/busy_rtc
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/busy_rtc
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows whether the device is executing internal
+ operation related to real time clock. The full information
+ about the flag could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/disable_fw_update
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/disable_fw_update
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows whether the device FW update is permanently
+ disabled. The full information about the flag could be found
+ at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/boot_lun_enabled
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/boot_lun_enabled
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the boot lun enabled UFS device attribute.
+ The full information about the attribute could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/current_power_mode
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/current_power_mode
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the current power mode UFS device attribute.
+ The full information about the attribute could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/active_icc_level
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/active_icc_level
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the active icc level UFS device attribute.
+ The full information about the attribute could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/ooo_data_enabled
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/ooo_data_enabled
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the out of order data transfer enabled UFS
+ device attribute. The full information about the attribute
+ could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/bkops_status
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/bkops_status
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the background operations status UFS device
+ attribute. The full information about the attribute could
+ be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/purge_status
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/purge_status
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the purge operation status UFS device
+ attribute. The full information about the attribute could
+ be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/max_data_in_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/max_data_in_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum data size in a DATA IN
+ UPIU. The full information about the attribute could
+ be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/max_data_out_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/max_data_out_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum number of bytes that can be
+ requested with a READY TO TRANSFER UPIU. The full information
+ about the attribute could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/reference_clock_frequency
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/reference_clock_frequency
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the reference clock frequency UFS device
+ attribute. The full information about the attribute could
+ be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/configuration_descriptor_lock
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/configuration_descriptor_lock
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows whether the configuration descriptor is locked.
+ The full information about the attribute could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1. The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/max_number_of_rtt
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/max_number_of_rtt
+Date: May 2024
+Contact: Avri Altman <avri.altman@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the maximum current number of
+ outstanding RTTs in device that is allowed. bMaxNumOfRTT is a
+ read-write persistent attribute and is equal to two after device
+ manufacturing. It shall not be set to a value greater than
+ bDeviceRTTCap value, and it may be set only when the hw queues are
+ empty.
+
+ The file is read write.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/exception_event_control
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/exception_event_control
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the exception event control UFS device
+ attribute. The full information about the attribute could
+ be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/exception_event_status
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/exception_event_status
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the exception event status UFS device
+ attribute. The full information about the attribute could
+ be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/ffu_status
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/ffu_status
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file provides the ffu status UFS device attribute.
+ The full information about the attribute could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/psa_state
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/psa_state
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file show the PSA feature status. The full information
+ about the attribute could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/psa_data_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/psa_data_size
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the amount of data that the host plans to
+ load to all logical units in pre-soldering state.
+ The full information about the attribute could be found at
+ UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/dyn_cap_needed
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Stanislav Nijnikov <stanislav.nijnikov@wdc.com>
+Description: This file shows the amount of physical memory needed
+ to be removed from the physical memory resources pool of
+ the particular logical unit. The full information about
+ the attribute could be found at UFS specifications 2.1.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/rpm_lvl
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/rpm_lvl
+Date: September 2014
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry could be used to set or show the UFS device
+ runtime power management level. The current driver
+ implementation supports 7 levels with next target states:
+
+ == ====================================================
+ 0 UFS device will stay active, UIC link will
+ stay active
+ 1 UFS device will stay active, UIC link will
+ hibernate
+ 2 UFS device will be moved to sleep, UIC link will
+ stay active
+ 3 UFS device will be moved to sleep, UIC link will
+ hibernate
+ 4 UFS device will be powered off, UIC link will
+ hibernate
+ 5 UFS device will be powered off, UIC link will
+ be powered off
+ 6 UFS device will be moved to deep sleep, UIC link
+ will be powered off. Note, deep sleep might not be
+ supported in which case this value will not be
+ accepted
+ == ====================================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/rpm_target_dev_state
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/rpm_target_dev_state
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the target power mode of an UFS device
+ for the chosen runtime power management level.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/rpm_target_link_state
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/rpm_target_link_state
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the target state of an UFS UIC link
+ for the chosen runtime power management level.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/spm_lvl
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/spm_lvl
+Date: September 2014
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry could be used to set or show the UFS device
+ system power management level. The current driver
+ implementation supports 7 levels with next target states:
+
+ == ====================================================
+ 0 UFS device will stay active, UIC link will
+ stay active
+ 1 UFS device will stay active, UIC link will
+ hibernate
+ 2 UFS device will be moved to sleep, UIC link will
+ stay active
+ 3 UFS device will be moved to sleep, UIC link will
+ hibernate
+ 4 UFS device will be powered off, UIC link will
+ hibernate
+ 5 UFS device will be powered off, UIC link will
+ be powered off
+ 6 UFS device will be moved to deep sleep, UIC link
+ will be powered off. Note, deep sleep might not be
+ supported in which case this value will not be
+ accepted
+ == ====================================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/spm_target_dev_state
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/spm_target_dev_state
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the target power mode of an UFS device
+ for the chosen system power management level.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/spm_target_link_state
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/spm_target_link_state
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the target state of an UFS UIC link
+ for the chosen system power management level.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/monitor_enable
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/monitor_enable
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the status of performance monitor enablement
+ and it can be used to start/stop the monitor. When the monitor
+ is stopped, the performance data collected is also cleared.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/monitor_chunk_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/monitor_chunk_size
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file tells the monitor to focus on requests transferring
+ data of specific chunk size (in Bytes). 0 means any chunk size.
+ It can only be changed when monitor is disabled.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/read_total_sectors
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/read_total_sectors
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows how many sectors (in 512 Bytes) have been
+ sent from device to host after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/read_total_busy
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/read_total_busy
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows how long (in micro seconds) has been spent
+ sending data from device to host after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/read_nr_requests
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/read_nr_requests
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows how many read requests have been sent after
+ monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/read_req_latency_max
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/read_req_latency_max
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum latency (in micro seconds) of
+ read requests after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/read_req_latency_min
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/read_req_latency_min
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the minimum latency (in micro seconds) of
+ read requests after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/read_req_latency_avg
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/read_req_latency_avg
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the average latency (in micro seconds) of
+ read requests after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/read_req_latency_sum
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/read_req_latency_sum
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the total latency (in micro seconds) of
+ read requests sent after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/write_total_sectors
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/write_total_sectors
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows how many sectors (in 512 Bytes) have been sent
+ from host to device after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/write_total_busy
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/write_total_busy
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows how long (in micro seconds) has been spent
+ sending data from host to device after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/write_nr_requests
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/write_nr_requests
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows how many write requests have been sent after
+ monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/write_req_latency_max
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/write_req_latency_max
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the maximum latency (in micro seconds) of write
+ requests after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/write_req_latency_min
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/write_req_latency_min
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the minimum latency (in micro seconds) of write
+ requests after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/write_req_latency_avg
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/write_req_latency_avg
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the average latency (in micro seconds) of write
+ requests after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/monitor/write_req_latency_sum
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/monitor/write_req_latency_sum
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the total latency (in micro seconds) of write
+ requests after monitor gets started.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/power_info/lane
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/power_info/lane
+Date: September 2023
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows how many lanes are enabled on the UFS link,
+ i.e., an output 2 means UFS link is operating with 2 lanes.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/power_info/mode
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/power_info/mode
+Date: September 2023
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the PA power mode of UFS.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/power_info/rate
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/power_info/rate
+Date: September 2023
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the speed rate of UFS link.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/power_info/gear
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/power_info/gear
+Date: September 2023
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the gear of UFS link.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/power_info/dev_pm
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/power_info/dev_pm
+Date: September 2023
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the UFS device power mode.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/power_info/link_state
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/power_info/link_state
+Date: September 2023
+Contact: Can Guo <quic_cang@quicinc.com>
+Description: This file shows the state of UFS link.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/wb_presv_us_en
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/wb_presv_us_en
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows if preserve user-space was configured
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/wb_shared_alloc_units
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/wb_shared_alloc_units
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the shared allocated units of WB buffer
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_descriptor/wb_type
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_descriptor/wb_type
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the configured WB type.
+ 0x1 for shared buffer mode. 0x0 for dedicated buffer mode.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/wb_buff_cap_adj
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/wb_buff_cap_adj
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the total user-space decrease in shared
+ buffer mode.
+ The value of this parameter is 3 for TLC NAND when SLC mode
+ is used as WriteBooster Buffer. 2 for MLC NAND.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/wb_max_alloc_units
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/wb_max_alloc_units
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the Maximum total WriteBooster Buffer size
+ which is supported by the entire device.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/wb_max_wb_luns
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/wb_max_wb_luns
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the maximum number of luns that can support
+ WriteBooster.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/wb_sup_red_type
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/wb_sup_red_type
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: The supportability of user space reduction mode
+ and preserve user space mode.
+ 00h: WriteBooster Buffer can be configured only in
+ user space reduction type.
+ 01h: WriteBooster Buffer can be configured only in
+ preserve user space type.
+ 02h: Device can be configured in either user space
+ reduction type or preserve user space type.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/geometry_descriptor/wb_sup_wb_type
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/geometry_descriptor/wb_sup_wb_type
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: The supportability of WriteBooster Buffer type.
+
+ === ==========================================================
+ 00h LU based WriteBooster Buffer configuration
+ 01h Single shared WriteBooster Buffer configuration
+ 02h Supporting both LU based WriteBooster.
+ Buffer and Single shared WriteBooster Buffer configuration
+ === ==========================================================
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/wb_enable
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/wb_enable
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the status of WriteBooster.
+
+ == ============================
+ 0 WriteBooster is not enabled.
+ 1 WriteBooster is enabled
+ == ============================
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/wb_flush_en
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/wb_flush_en
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows if flush is enabled.
+
+ == =================================
+ 0 Flush operation is not performed.
+ 1 Flush operation is performed.
+ == =================================
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/flags/wb_flush_during_h8
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/flags/wb_flush_during_h8
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: Flush WriteBooster Buffer during hibernate state.
+
+ == =================================================
+ 0 Device is not allowed to flush the
+ WriteBooster Buffer during link hibernate state.
+ 1 Device is allowed to flush the
+ WriteBooster Buffer during link hibernate state.
+ == =================================================
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/wb_avail_buf
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/wb_avail_buf
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the amount of unused WriteBooster buffer
+ available.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/wb_cur_buf
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/wb_cur_buf
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the amount of unused current buffer.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/wb_flush_status
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/wb_flush_status
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the flush operation status.
+
+
+ === ======================================
+ 00h idle
+ 01h Flush operation in progress
+ 02h Flush operation stopped prematurely.
+ 03h Flush operation completed successfully
+ 04h Flush operation general failure
+ === ======================================
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/wb_life_time_est
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/wb_life_time_est
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows an indication of the WriteBooster Buffer
+ lifetime based on the amount of performed program/erase cycles
+
+ === =============================================
+ 01h 0% - 10% WriteBooster Buffer life time used
+ ...
+ 0Ah 90% - 100% WriteBooster Buffer life time used
+ === =============================================
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/unit_descriptor/wb_buf_alloc_units
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: Asutosh Das <quic_asutoshd@quicinc.com>
+Description: This entry shows the configured size of WriteBooster buffer.
+ 0400h corresponds to 4GB.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/wb_on
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/wb_on
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: Bean Huo <beanhuo@micron.com>
+Description: This node is used to set or display whether UFS WriteBooster is
+ enabled. Echo 0 to this file to disable UFS WriteBooster or 1 to
+ enable it. The WriteBooster is enabled after power-on/reset,
+ however, it will be disabled/enable while CLK scaling down/up
+ (if the platform supports UFSHCD_CAP_CLK_SCALING). For a
+ platform that doesn't support UFSHCD_CAP_CLK_SCALING, we can
+ disable/enable WriteBooster through this sysfs node.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/enable_wb_buf_flush
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/enable_wb_buf_flush
+Date: July 2022
+Contact: Jinyoung Choi <j-young.choi@samsung.com>
+Description: This entry shows the status of WriteBooster buffer flushing
+ and it can be used to enable or disable the flushing.
+ If flushing is enabled, the device executes the flush
+ operation when the command queue is empty.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/wb_flush_threshold
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/wb_flush_threshold
+Date: June 2023
+Contact: Lu Hongfei <luhongfei@vivo.com>
+Description:
+ wb_flush_threshold represents the threshold for flushing WriteBooster buffer,
+ whose value expressed in unit of 10% granularity, such as '1' representing 10%,
+ '2' representing 20%, and so on.
+ If avail_wb_buff < wb_flush_threshold, it indicates that WriteBooster buffer needs to
+ be flushed, otherwise it is not necessary.
+
+Contact: Daniil Lunev <dlunev@chromium.org>
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/capabilities/
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/capabilities/
+Date: August 2022
+Description: The group represents the effective capabilities of the
+ host-device pair. i.e. the capabilities which are enabled in the
+ driver for the specific host controller, supported by the host
+ controller and are supported and/or have compatible
+ configuration on the device side.
+
+Contact: Daniil Lunev <dlunev@chromium.org>
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/capabilities/clock_scaling
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/capabilities/clock_scaling
+Date: August 2022
+Contact: Daniil Lunev <dlunev@chromium.org>
+Description: Indicates status of clock scaling.
+
+ == ============================
+ 0 Clock scaling is not supported.
+ 1 Clock scaling is supported.
+ == ============================
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/capabilities/write_booster
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/capabilities/write_booster
+Date: August 2022
+Contact: Daniil Lunev <dlunev@chromium.org>
+Description: Indicates status of Write Booster.
+
+ == ============================
+ 0 Write Booster can not be enabled.
+ 1 Write Booster can be enabled.
+ == ============================
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/rtc_update_ms
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/rtc_update_ms
+Date: November 2023
+Contact: Bean Huo <beanhuo@micron.com>
+Description:
+ rtc_update_ms indicates how often the host should synchronize or update the
+ UFS RTC. If set to 0, this will disable UFS RTC periodic update.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/.../ufshci_capabilities/version
+Date: August 2024
+Contact: Avri Altman <avri.altman@wdc.com>
+Description:
+ Host Capabilities register group: UFS version register.
+ Symbol - VER. This file shows the UFSHCD version.
+ Example: Version 3.12 would be represented as 0000_0312h.
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/.../ufshci_capabilities/product_id
+Date: August 2024
+Contact: Avri Altman <avri.altman@wdc.com>
+Description:
+ Host Capabilities register group: product ID register.
+ Symbol - HCPID. This file shows the UFSHCD product id.
+ The content of this register is vendor specific.
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/.../ufshci_capabilities/man_id
+Date: August 2024
+Contact: Avri Altman <avri.altman@wdc.com>
+Description:
+ Host Capabilities register group: manufacturer ID register.
+ Symbol - HCMID. This file shows the UFSHCD manufacturer id.
+ The Manufacturer ID is defined by JEDEC in JEDEC-JEP106.
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/critical_health
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/critical_health
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Avri Altman <avri.altman@wdc.com>
+Description: Report the number of times a critical health event has been
+ reported by a UFS device. Further insight into the specific
+ issue can be gained by reading one of: bPreEOLInfo,
+ bDeviceLifeTimeEstA, bDeviceLifeTimeEstB,
+ bWriteBoosterBufferLifeTimeEst, and bRPMBLifeTimeEst.
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/clkscale_enable
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/clkscale_enable
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Ziqi Chen <quic_ziqichen@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ This attribute shows whether the UFS clock scaling is enabled or not.
+ And it can be used to enable/disable the clock scaling by writing
+ 1 or 0 to this attribute.
+
+ The attribute is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/clkgate_enable
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/clkgate_enable
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Ziqi Chen <quic_ziqichen@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ This attribute shows whether the UFS clock gating is enabled or not.
+ And it can be used to enable/disable the clock gating by writing
+ 1 or 0 to this attribute.
+
+ The attribute is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/clkgate_delay_ms
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/clkgate_delay_ms
+Date: January 2025
+Contact: Ziqi Chen <quic_ziqichen@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ This attribute shows and sets the number of milliseconds of idle time
+ before the UFS driver starts to perform clock gating. This can
+ prevent the UFS from frequently performing clock gating/ungating.
+
+ The attribute is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_lvl_exception_count
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_lvl_exception_count
+Date: March 2025
+Contact: Bao D. Nguyen <quic_nguyenb@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ This attribute is applicable to ufs devices compliant to the
+ JEDEC specifications version 4.1 or later. The
+ device_lvl_exception_count is a counter indicating the number of
+ times the device level exceptions have occurred since the last
+ time this variable is reset. Writing a 0 value to this
+ attribute will reset the device_lvl_exception_count. If the
+ device_lvl_exception_count reads a positive value, the user
+ application should read the device_lvl_exception_id attribute to
+ know more information about the exception.
+
+ The attribute is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/device_lvl_exception_id
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/device_lvl_exception_id
+Date: March 2025
+Contact: Bao D. Nguyen <quic_nguyenb@quicinc.com>
+Description:
+ Reading the device_lvl_exception_id returns the
+ qDeviceLevelExceptionID attribute of the ufs device JEDEC
+ specification version 4.1. The definition of the
+ qDeviceLevelExceptionID is the ufs device vendor specific
+ implementation. Refer to the device manufacturer datasheet for
+ more information on the meaning of the qDeviceLevelExceptionID
+ attribute value.
+
+ The attribute is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/wb_resize_enable
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/wb_resize_enable
+Date: April 2025
+Contact: Huan Tang <tanghuan@vivo.com>
+Description:
+ The host can enable the WriteBooster buffer resize by setting this
+ attribute.
+
+ ======== ======================================
+ idle There is no resize operation
+ decrease Decrease WriteBooster buffer size
+ increase Increase WriteBooster buffer size
+ ======== ======================================
+
+ The file is write only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/wb_resize_hint
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/wb_resize_hint
+Date: April 2025
+Contact: Huan Tang <tanghuan@vivo.com>
+Description:
+ wb_resize_hint indicates hint information about which type of resize
+ for WriteBooster buffer is recommended by the device.
+
+ ========= ======================================
+ keep Recommend keep the buffer size
+ decrease Recommend to decrease the buffer size
+ increase Recommend to increase the buffer size
+ ========= ======================================
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/attributes/wb_resize_status
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/attributes/wb_resize_status
+Date: April 2025
+Contact: Huan Tang <tanghuan@vivo.com>
+Description:
+ The host can check the resize operation status of the WriteBooster
+ buffer by reading this attribute.
+
+ ================ ========================================
+ idle Resize operation is not issued
+ in_progress Resize operation in progress
+ complete_success Resize operation completed successfully
+ general_failure Resize operation general failure
+ ================ ========================================
+
+ The file is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/hid/analysis_trigger
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/hid/analysis_trigger
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Huan Tang <tanghuan@vivo.com>
+Description:
+ The host can enable or disable HID analysis operation.
+
+ ======= =========================================
+ disable disable HID analysis operation
+ enable enable HID analysis operation
+ ======= =========================================
+
+ The file is write only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/hid/defrag_trigger
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/hid/defrag_trigger
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Huan Tang <tanghuan@vivo.com>
+Description:
+ The host can enable or disable HID defragmentation operation.
+
+ ======= =========================================
+ disable disable HID defragmentation operation
+ enable enable HID defragmentation operation
+ ======= =========================================
+
+ The attribute is write only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/hid/fragmented_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/hid/fragmented_size
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Huan Tang <tanghuan@vivo.com>
+Description:
+ The total fragmented size in the device is reported through
+ this attribute.
+
+ The attribute is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/hid/defrag_size
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/hid/defrag_size
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Huan Tang <tanghuan@vivo.com>
+Description:
+ The host sets the size to be defragmented by an HID
+ defragmentation operation.
+
+ The attribute is read/write.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/hid/progress_ratio
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/hid/progress_ratio
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Huan Tang <tanghuan@vivo.com>
+Description:
+ Defragmentation progress is reported by this attribute,
+ indicates the ratio of the completed defragmentation size
+ over the requested defragmentation size.
+
+ ==== ============================================
+ 1 1%
+ ...
+ 100 100%
+ ==== ============================================
+
+ The attribute is read only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ufshcd/*/hid/state
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*.ufs/hid/state
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Huan Tang <tanghuan@vivo.com>
+Description:
+ The HID state is reported by this attribute.
+
+ ==================== ===========================
+ idle Idle (analysis required)
+ analysis_in_progress Analysis in progress
+ defrag_required Defrag required
+ defrag_in_progress Defrag in progress
+ defrag_completed Defrag completed
+ defrag_not_required Defrag is not required
+ ==================== ===========================
+
+ The attribute is read only.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28e17 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28e17
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e92aba4eb594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28e17
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/19-<id>/speed
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Jan Kandziora <jjj@gmx.de>
+Description: When written, this file sets the I2C speed on the connected
+ DS28E17 chip. When read, it reads the current setting from
+ the DS28E17 chip.
+
+ Valid values: 100, 400, 900 [kBaud].
+
+ Default 100, can be set by w1_ds28e17.speed= module parameter.
+Users: w1_ds28e17 driver
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/19-<id>/stretch
+Date: Sep 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.14
+Contact: Jan Kandziora <jjj@gmx.de>
+Description: When written, this file sets the multiplier used to calculate
+ the busy timeout for I2C operations on the connected DS28E17
+ chip. When read, returns the current setting.
+ Valid values: 1 to 9.
+
+ Default 1, can be set by w1_ds28e17.stretch= module parameter.
+Users: w1_ds28e17 driver
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-w1_therm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-w1_therm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..74642c73d29c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-w1_therm
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../alarms
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Akira Shimahara <akira215corp@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) read or write TH and TL (Temperature High an Low) alarms.
+ Values shall be space separated and in the device range
+ (typical -55 degC to 125 degC), if not values will be trimmed
+ to device min/max capabilities. Values are integer as they are
+ stored in a 8bit register in the device. Lowest value is
+ automatically put to TL. Once set, alarms could be search at
+ master level, refer to Documentation/w1/w1-generic.rst for
+ detailed information
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with
+ w1_term device
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../eeprom_cmd
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Akira Shimahara <akira215corp@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ (WO) writing that file will either trigger a save of the
+ device data to its embedded EEPROM, either restore data
+ embedded in device EEPROM. Be aware that devices support
+ limited EEPROM writing cycles (typical 50k)
+
+ * 'save': save device RAM to EEPROM
+ * 'restore': restore EEPROM data in device RAM
+
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with
+ w1_term device
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../ext_power
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Akira Shimahara <akira215corp@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) return the power status by asking the device
+
+ * '0': device parasite powered
+ * '1': device externally powered
+ * '-xx': xx is kernel error when reading power status
+
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with
+ w1_term device
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../resolution
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Akira Shimahara <akira215corp@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) get or set the device resolution (on supported devices,
+ if not, this entry is not present). Note that the resolution
+ will be changed only in device RAM, so it will be cleared when
+ power is lost. Trigger a 'save' to EEPROM command to keep
+ values after power-on. Read or write are :
+
+ * '9..14': device resolution in bit
+ or resolution to set in bit
+ * '-xx': xx is kernel error when reading the resolution
+ * Anything else: do nothing
+
+ Some DS18B20 clones are fixed in 12-bit resolution, so the
+ actual resolution is read back from the chip and verified. Error
+ is reported if the results differ.
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with
+ w1_term device
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../temperature
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Akira Shimahara <akira215corp@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ (RO) return the temperature in 1/1000 degC.
+
+ * If a bulk read has been triggered, it will directly
+ return the temperature computed when the bulk read
+ occurred, if available. If not yet available, nothing
+ is returned (a debug kernel message is sent), you
+ should retry later on.
+ * If no bulk read has been triggered, it will trigger
+ a conversion and send the result. Note that the
+ conversion duration depend on the resolution (if
+ device support this feature). It takes 94ms in 9bits
+ resolution, 750ms for 12bits.
+
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with
+ w1_term device
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../w1_slave
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Akira Shimahara <akira215corp@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) return the temperature in 1/1000 degC.
+ *read*: return 2 lines with the hexa output data sent on the
+ bus, return the CRC check and temperature in 1/1000 degC
+ *write*:
+
+ * '0' : save the 2 or 3 bytes to the device EEPROM
+ (i.e. TH, TL and config register)
+ * '9..14' : set the device resolution in RAM
+ (if supported)
+ * Anything else: do nothing
+
+ refer to Documentation/w1/slaves/w1_therm.rst for detailed
+ information.
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with
+ w1_term device
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/w1_bus_masterXX/therm_bulk_read
+Date: May 2020
+Contact: Akira Shimahara <akira215corp@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ (RW) trigger a bulk read conversion. read the status
+
+ *read*:
+ * '-1':
+ conversion in progress on at least 1 sensor
+ * '1' :
+ conversion complete but at least one sensor
+ value has not been read yet
+ * '0' :
+ no bulk operation. Reading temperature will
+ trigger a conversion on each device
+
+ *write*:
+ 'trigger': trigger a bulk read on all supporting
+ devices on the bus
+
+ Note that if a bulk read is sent but one sensor is not read
+ immediately, the next access to temperature on this device
+ will return the temperature measured at the time of issue
+ of the bulk read command (not the current temperature).
+Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with
+ w1_term device
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../conv_time
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Ivan Zaentsev <ivan.zaentsev@wirenboard.ru>
+Description:
+ (RW) Get, set, or measure a temperature conversion time. The
+ setting remains active until a resolution change. Then it is
+ reset to default (datasheet) conversion time for a new
+ resolution.
+
+ *read*:
+ Actual conversion time in milliseconds.
+
+ *write*:
+ * '0':
+ Set the default conversion time from the datasheet.
+ * '1':
+ Measure and set the conversion time. Make a single
+ temperature conversion, measure an actual value.
+ Increase it by 20% for temperature range. A new
+ conversion time can be obtained by reading this
+ same attribute.
+ * other positive value:
+ Set the conversion time in milliseconds.
+
+Users: An application using the w1_term device
+
+
+What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../features
+Date: July 2020
+Contact: Ivan Zaentsev <ivan.zaentsev@wirenboard.ru>
+Description:
+ (RW) Control optional driver settings.
+ Bit masks to read/write (bitwise OR):
+
+ == ============================================================
+ 1 Enable check for conversion success. If byte 6 of
+ scratchpad memory is 0xC after conversion, and
+ temperature reads 85.00 (powerup value) or 127.94
+ (insufficient power) - return a conversion error.
+
+ 2 Enable poll for conversion completion. Generate read cycles
+ after the conversion start and wait for 1's. In parasite
+ power mode this feature is not available.
+ == ============================================================
+
+ *read*:
+ Currently selected features.
+
+ *write*:
+ Select features.
+
+Users: An application using the w1_term device
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-wacom b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-wacom
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..16acaa5712ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-wacom
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/speed
+Date: April 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: linux-bluetooth@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/speed file
+ controls reporting speed of Wacom bluetooth tablet. Reading
+ from this file returns 1 if tablet reports in high speed mode
+ or 0 otherwise. Writing to this file one of these values
+ switches reporting speed.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/led
+Date: August 2014
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Attribute group for control of the status LEDs and the OLEDs.
+ This attribute group is only available for Intuos 4 M, L,
+ and XL (with LEDs and OLEDs), Intuos 4 WL, Intuos 5 (LEDs only),
+ Intuos Pro (LEDs only) and Cintiq 21UX2 and Cintiq 24HD
+ (LEDs only). Therefore its presence implicitly signifies the
+ presence of said LEDs and OLEDs on the tablet device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/status0_luminance
+Date: August 2014
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ <obsoleted by the LED class API now exported by the driver>
+ Writing to this file sets the status LED luminance (1..127)
+ when the stylus does not touch the tablet surface, and no
+ button is pressed on the stylus. This luminance level is
+ normally lower than the level when a button is pressed.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/status1_luminance
+Date: August 2014
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ <obsoleted by the LED class API now exported by the driver>
+ Writing to this file sets the status LED luminance (1..127)
+ when the stylus touches the tablet surface, or any button is
+ pressed on the stylus.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/status_led0_select
+Date: August 2014
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ <obsoleted by the LED class API now exported by the driver>
+ Writing to this file sets which one of the four (for Intuos 4
+ and Intuos 5) or of the right four (for Cintiq 21UX2 and Cintiq
+ 24HD) status LEDs is active (0..3). The other three LEDs on the
+ same side are always inactive.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/status_led1_select
+Date: August 2014
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ <obsoleted by the LED class API now exported by the driver>
+ Writing to this file sets which one of the left four (for Cintiq 21UX2
+ and Cintiq 24HD) status LEDs is active (0..3). The other three LEDs on
+ the left are always inactive.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/buttons_luminance
+Date: August 2014
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing to this file sets the overall luminance level (0..15)
+ of all eight button OLED displays.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/button<n>_rawimg
+Date: August 2014
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ When writing a 1024 byte raw image in Wacom Intuos 4
+ interleaving format to the file, the image shows up on Button N
+ of the device. The image is a 64x32 pixel 4-bit gray image. The
+ 1024 byte binary is split up into 16x 64 byte chunks. Each 64
+ byte chunk encodes the image data for two consecutive lines on
+ the display. The low nibble of each byte contains the first
+ line, and the high nibble contains the second line.
+ When the Wacom Intuos 4 is connected over Bluetooth, the
+ image has to contain 256 bytes (64x32 px 1 bit colour).
+ The format is also scrambled, like in the USB mode, and it can
+ be summarized by converting::
+
+ 76543210 into GECA6420.
+ HGFEDCBA HFDB7531
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_remote/unpair_remote
+Date: July 2015
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Writing the character sequence '*' followed by a newline to
+ this file will delete all of the current pairings on the
+ device. Other character sequences are reserved. This file is
+ write only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_remote/<serial_number>/remote_mode
+Date: July 2015
+Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ <obsoleted by the LED class API now exported by the driver>
+ Reading from this file reports the mode status of the
+ remote as indicated by the LED lights on the device. If no
+ reports have been received from the paired device, reading
+ from this file will report '-1'. The mode is read-only
+ and cannot be set through the driver.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xdata b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xdata
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f574e8e6dca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xdata
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+What: /sys/class/misc/drivers/dw-xdata-pcie.<device>/write
+Date: April 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: Gustavo Pimentel <gustavo.pimentel@synopsys.com>
+Description: Allows the user to enable the PCIe traffic generator which
+ will create write TLPs frames - from the Root Complex to the
+ Endpoint direction or to disable the PCIe traffic generator
+ in all directions.
+
+ Write y/1/on to enable, n/0/off to disable
+
+ Usage e.g.
+ echo 1 > /sys/class/misc/dw-xdata-pcie.<device>/write
+ or
+ echo 0 > /sys/class/misc/dw-xdata-pcie.<device>/write
+
+ The user can read the current PCIe link throughput generated
+ through this generator in MB/s.
+
+ Usage e.g.
+ cat /sys/class/misc/dw-xdata-pcie.<device>/write
+ 204
+
+ The file is read and write.
+
+What: /sys/class/misc/dw-xdata-pcie.<device>/read
+Date: April 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: Gustavo Pimentel <gustavo.pimentel@synopsys.com>
+Description: Allows the user to enable the PCIe traffic generator which
+ will create read TLPs frames - from the Endpoint to the Root
+ Complex direction or to disable the PCIe traffic generator
+ in all directions.
+
+ Write y/1/on to enable, n/0/off to disable
+
+ Usage e.g.
+ echo 1 > /sys/class/misc/dw-xdata-pcie.<device>/read
+ or
+ echo 0 > /sys/class/misc/dw-xdata-pcie.<device>/read
+
+ The user can read the current PCIe link throughput generated
+ through this generator in MB/s.
+
+ Usage e.g.
+ cat /sys/class/misc/dw-xdata-pcie.<device>/read
+ 199
+
+ The file is read and write.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xen-blkback b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xen-blkback
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fac0f429a869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xen-blkback
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+What: /sys/module/xen_blkback/parameters/max_buffer_pages
+Date: March 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
+Description:
+ Maximum number of free pages to keep in each block
+ backend buffer.
+
+What: /sys/module/xen_blkback/parameters/max_persistent_grants
+Date: March 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
+Description:
+ Maximum number of grants to map persistently in
+ blkback. If the frontend tries to use more than
+ max_persistent_grants, the LRU kicks in and starts
+ removing 5% of max_persistent_grants every 100ms.
+
+What: /sys/module/xen_blkback/parameters/persistent_grant_unused_seconds
+Date: August 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
+Description:
+ How long a persistent grant is allowed to remain
+ allocated without being in use. The time is in
+ seconds, 0 means indefinitely long.
+ The default is 60 seconds.
+
+What: /sys/module/xen_blkback/parameters/buffer_squeeze_duration_ms
+Date: December 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: Maximilian Heyne <mheyne@amazon.de>
+Description:
+ When memory pressure is reported to blkback this option
+ controls the duration in milliseconds that blkback will not
+ cache any page not backed by a grant mapping.
+ The default is 10ms.
+
+What: /sys/module/xen_blkback/parameters/feature_persistent
+Date: September 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Maximilian Heyne <mheyne@amazon.de>
+Description:
+ Whether to enable the persistent grants feature or not. Note
+ that this option only takes effect on newly connected backends.
+ The default is Y (enable).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xen-blkfront b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xen-blkfront
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4d36c5a10546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xen-blkfront
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+What: /sys/module/xen_blkfront/parameters/max_indirect_segments
+Date: June 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.11
+Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Description:
+ Maximum number of segments that the frontend will negotiate
+ with the backend for indirect descriptors. The default value
+ is 32 - higher value means more potential throughput but more
+ memory usage. The backend picks the minimum of the frontend
+ and its default backend value.
+
+What: /sys/module/xen_blkfront/parameters/feature_persistent
+Date: September 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: Maximilian Heyne <mheyne@amazon.de>
+Description:
+ Whether to enable the persistent grants feature or not. Note
+ that this option only takes effect on newly connected frontends.
+ The default is Y (enable).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xilinx-tmr-manager b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xilinx-tmr-manager
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..57b9b68a73ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-xilinx-tmr-manager
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/amba_pl/<dev>/errcnt
+Date: Nov 2022
+Contact: appana.durga.kedareswara.rao@amd.com
+Description: This control file provides the fault detection count.
+ This file cannot be written.
+ Example:
+ # cat /sys/devices/platform/amba_pl/44a10000.tmr_manager/errcnt
+ 1
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/amba_pl/<dev>/dis_block_break
+Date: Nov 2022
+Contact: appana.durga.kedareswara.rao@amd.com
+Description: Write any value to it, This control file enables the break signal.
+ This file is write only.
+ Example:
+ # echo <any value> > /sys/devices/platform/amba_pl/44a10000.tmr_manager/dis_block_break
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-zynqmp-fpga b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-zynqmp-fpga
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8f93d27b6d91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-zynqmp-fpga
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/drivers/zynqmp_fpga_manager/firmware:zynqmp-firmware:pcap/status
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: Nava kishore Manne <nava.kishore.manne@amd.com>
+Description: (RO) Read fpga status.
+ Read returns a hexadecimal value that tells the current status
+ of the FPGA device. Each bit position in the status value is
+ described Below(see ug570 chapter 9).
+ https://docs.xilinx.com/v/u/en-US/ug570-ultrascale-configuration
+
+ ====================== ==============================================
+ BIT(0) 0: No CRC error
+ 1: CRC error
+
+ BIT(1) 0: Decryptor security not set
+ 1: Decryptor security set
+
+ BIT(2) 0: MMCMs/PLLs are not locked
+ 1: MMCMs/PLLs are locked
+
+ BIT(3) 0: DCI not matched
+ 1: DCI matched
+
+ BIT(4) 0: Start-up sequence has not finished
+ 1: Start-up sequence has finished
+
+ BIT(5) 0: All I/Os are placed in High-Z state
+ 1: All I/Os behave as configured
+
+ BIT(6) 0: Flip-flops and block RAM are write disabled
+ 1: Flip-flops and block RAM are write enabled
+
+ BIT(7) 0: GHIGH_B_STATUS asserted
+ 1: GHIGH_B_STATUS deasserted
+
+ BIT(8) to BIT(10) Status of the mode pins
+
+ BIT(11) 0: Initialization has not finished
+ 1: Initialization finished
+
+ BIT(12) Value on INIT_B_PIN pin
+
+ BIT(13) 0: Signal not released
+ 1: Signal released
+
+ BIT(14) Value on DONE_PIN pin.
+
+ BIT(15) 0: No IDCODE_ERROR
+ 1: IDCODE_ERROR
+
+ BIT(16) 0: No SECURITY_ERROR
+ 1: SECURITY_ERROR
+
+ BIT(17) System Monitor over-temperature if set
+
+ BIT(18) to BIT(20) Start-up state machine (0 to 7)
+ Phase 0 = 000
+ Phase 1 = 001
+ Phase 2 = 011
+ Phase 3 = 010
+ Phase 4 = 110
+ Phase 5 = 111
+ Phase 6 = 101
+ Phase 7 = 100
+
+ BIT(25) to BIT(26) Indicates the detected bus width
+ 00 = x1
+ 01 = x8
+ 10 = x16
+ 11 = x32
+ ====================== ==============================================
+
+ The other bits are reserved.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-edac-ecs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-edac-ecs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..87c885c4eb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-edac-ecs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/ecs_fruX
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The sysfs EDAC bus devices /<dev-name>/ecs_fruX subdirectory
+ pertains to the memory media ECS (Error Check Scrub) control
+ feature, where <dev-name> directory corresponds to a device
+ registered with the EDAC device driver for the ECS feature.
+ /ecs_fruX belongs to the media FRUs (Field Replaceable Unit)
+ under the memory device.
+
+ The sysfs ECS attr nodes are only present if the parent
+ driver has implemented the corresponding attr callback
+ function and provided the necessary operations to the EDAC
+ device driver during registration.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/ecs_fruX/log_entry_type
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The log entry type of how the DDR5 ECS log is reported.
+
+ - 0 - per DRAM.
+
+ - 1 - per memory media FRU.
+
+ - All other values are reserved.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/ecs_fruX/mode
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The mode of how the DDR5 ECS counts the errors.
+ Error count is tracked based on two different modes
+ selected by DDR5 ECS Control Feature - Codeword mode and
+ Row Count mode. If the ECS is under Codeword mode, then
+ the error count increments each time a codeword with check
+ bit errors is detected. If the ECS is under Row Count mode,
+ then the error counter increments each time a row with
+ check bit errors is detected.
+
+ - 0 - ECS counts rows in the memory media that have ECC errors.
+
+ - 1 - ECS counts codewords with errors, specifically, it counts
+ the number of ECC-detected errors in the memory media.
+
+ - All other values are reserved.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/ecs_fruX/reset
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) ECS reset ECC counter.
+
+ - 1 - reset ECC counter to the default value.
+
+ - All other values are reserved.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/ecs_fruX/threshold
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) DDR5 ECS threshold count per gigabits of memory cells.
+ The ECS error count is subject to the ECS Threshold count
+ per Gbit, which masks error counts less than the Threshold.
+
+ Supported values are 256, 1024 and 4096.
+
+ All other values are reserved.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-edac-memory-repair b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-edac-memory-repair
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0434a3b23ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-edac-memory-repair
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The sysfs EDAC bus devices /<dev-name>/mem_repairX subdirectory
+ pertains to the memory media repair features control, such as
+ PPR (Post Package Repair), memory sparing etc, where <dev-name>
+ directory corresponds to a device registered with the EDAC
+ device driver for the memory repair features.
+
+ Post Package Repair is a maintenance operation requests the memory
+ device to perform a repair operation on its media. It is a memory
+ self-healing feature that fixes a failing memory location by
+ replacing it with a spare row in a DRAM device. For example, a
+ CXL memory device with DRAM components that support PPR features may
+ implement PPR maintenance operations. DRAM components may support
+ two types of PPR functions: hard PPR, for a permanent row repair, and
+ soft PPR, for a temporary row repair. Soft PPR may be much faster
+ than hard PPR, but the repair is lost with a power cycle.
+
+ The sysfs attributes nodes for a repair feature are only
+ present if the parent driver has implemented the corresponding
+ attr callback function and provided the necessary operations
+ to the EDAC device driver during registration.
+
+ In some states of system configuration (e.g. before address
+ decoders have been configured), memory devices (e.g. CXL)
+ may not have an active mapping in the main host address
+ physical address map. As such, the memory to repair must be
+ identified by a device specific physical addressing scheme
+ using a device physical address(DPA). The DPA and other control
+ attributes to use will be presented in related error records.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/repair_type
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Memory repair type. For eg. post package repair,
+ memory sparing etc. Valid values are:
+
+ - ppr - Post package repair.
+
+ - cacheline-sparing
+
+ - row-sparing
+
+ - bank-sparing
+
+ - rank-sparing
+
+ - All other values are reserved.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/persist_mode
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Get/Set the current persist repair mode set for a
+ repair function. Persist repair modes supported in the
+ device, based on a memory repair function, either is temporary,
+ which is lost with a power cycle or permanent. Valid values are:
+
+ - 0 - Soft memory repair (temporary repair).
+
+ - 1 - Hard memory repair (permanent repair).
+
+ - All other values are reserved.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/repair_safe_when_in_use
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) True if memory media is accessible and data is retained
+ during the memory repair operation.
+ The data may not be retained and memory requests may not be
+ correctly processed during a repair operation. In such case
+ repair operation can not be executed at runtime. The memory
+ must be taken offline.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/hpa
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Host Physical Address (HPA) of the memory to repair.
+ The HPA to use will be provided in related error records.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/dpa
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Device Physical Address (DPA) of the memory to repair.
+ The specific DPA to use will be provided in related error
+ records.
+
+ In some states of system configuration (e.g. before address
+ decoders have been configured), memory devices (e.g. CXL)
+ may not have an active mapping in the main host address
+ physical address map. As such, the memory to repair must be
+ identified by a device specific physical addressing scheme
+ using a DPA. The device physical address(DPA) to use will be
+ presented in related error records.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/nibble_mask
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Read/Write Nibble mask of the memory to repair.
+ Nibble mask identifies one or more nibbles in error on the
+ memory bus that produced the error event. Nibble Mask bit 0
+ shall be set if nibble 0 on the memory bus produced the
+ event, etc. For example, CXL PPR and sparing, a nibble mask
+ bit set to 1 indicates the request to perform repair
+ operation in the specific device. All nibble mask bits set
+ to 1 indicates the request to perform the operation in all
+ devices. Eg. for CXL memory repair, the specific value of
+ nibble mask to use will be provided in related error records.
+ For more details, See nibble mask field in CXL spec ver 3.1,
+ section 8.2.9.7.1.2 Table 8-103 soft PPR and section
+ 8.2.9.7.1.3 Table 8-104 hard PPR, section 8.2.9.7.1.4
+ Table 8-105 memory sparing.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/min_hpa
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/max_hpa
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/min_dpa
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/max_dpa
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The supported range of memory address that is to be
+ repaired. The memory device may give the supported range of
+ attributes to use and it will depend on the memory device
+ and the portion of memory to repair.
+ The userspace may receive the specific value of attributes
+ to use for a repair operation from the memory device via
+ related error records and trace events, for eg. CXL DRAM
+ and CXL general media error records in CXL memory devices.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/bank_group
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/bank
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/rank
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/row
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/column
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/channel
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/sub_channel
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The control attributes for the memory to be repaired.
+ The specific value of attributes to use depends on the
+ portion of memory to repair and will be reported to the host
+ in related error records and be available to userspace
+ in trace events, such as CXL DRAM and CXL general media
+ error records of CXL memory devices.
+
+ When readng back these attributes, it returns the current
+ value of memory requested to be repaired.
+
+ bank_group - The bank group of the memory to repair.
+
+ bank - The bank number of the memory to repair.
+
+ rank - The rank of the memory to repair. Rank is defined as a
+ set of memory devices on a channel that together execute a
+ transaction.
+
+ row - The row number of the memory to repair.
+
+ column - The column number of the memory to repair.
+
+ channel - The channel of the memory to repair. Channel is
+ defined as an interface that can be independently accessed
+ for a transaction.
+
+ sub_channel - The subchannel of the memory to repair.
+
+ The requirement to set these attributes varies based on the
+ repair function. The attributes in sysfs are not present
+ unless required for a repair function.
+
+ For example, CXL spec ver 3.1, Section 8.2.9.7.1.2 Table 8-103
+ soft PPR and Section 8.2.9.7.1.3 Table 8-104 hard PPR operations,
+ these attributes are not required to set. CXL spec ver 3.1,
+ Section 8.2.9.7.1.4 Table 8-105 memory sparing, these attributes
+ are required to set based on memory sparing granularity.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/mem_repairX/repair
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) Issue the memory repair operation for the specified
+ memory repair attributes. The operation may fail if resources
+ are insufficient based on the requirements of the memory
+ device and repair function.
+
+ - 1 - Issue the repair operation.
+
+ - All other values are reserved.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-edac-scrub b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-edac-scrub
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ab6014743da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-edac-scrub
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/scrubX
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The sysfs EDAC bus devices /<dev-name>/scrubX subdirectory
+ belongs to an instance of memory scrub control feature,
+ where <dev-name> directory corresponds to a device/memory
+ region registered with the EDAC device driver for the
+ scrub control feature.
+
+ The sysfs scrub attr nodes are only present if the parent
+ driver has implemented the corresponding attr callback
+ function and provided the necessary operations to the EDAC
+ device driver during registration.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/scrubX/addr
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The base address of the memory region to be scrubbed
+ for on-demand scrubbing. Setting address starts scrubbing.
+ The size must be set before that.
+
+ The readback addr value is non-zero if the requested
+ on-demand scrubbing is in progress, zero otherwise.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/scrubX/size
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The size of the memory region to be scrubbed
+ (on-demand scrubbing).
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/scrubX/enable_background
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) Start/Stop background (patrol) scrubbing if supported.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/scrubX/min_cycle_duration
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Supported minimum scrub cycle duration in seconds
+ by the memory scrubber.
+
+ Device-based scrub: returns the minimum scrub cycle
+ supported by the memory device.
+
+ Region-based scrub: returns the max of minimum scrub cycles
+ supported by individual memory devices that back the region.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/scrubX/max_cycle_duration
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Supported maximum scrub cycle duration in seconds
+ by the memory scrubber.
+
+ Device-based scrub: returns the maximum scrub cycle supported
+ by the memory device.
+
+ Region-based scrub: returns the min of maximum scrub cycles
+ supported by individual memory devices that back the region.
+
+ If the memory device does not provide maximum scrub cycle
+ information, return the maximum supported value of the scrub
+ cycle field.
+
+What: /sys/bus/edac/devices/<dev-name>/scrubX/current_cycle_duration
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The current scrub cycle duration in seconds and must be
+ within the supported range by the memory scrubber.
+
+ Scrub has an overhead when running and that may want to be
+ reduced by taking longer to do it.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-acpi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-acpi
index f27be7d1a49f..72e7c9161ce7 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-acpi
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-acpi
@@ -1,3 +1,97 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/acpi/fpdt/
+Date: Jan 2021
+Contact: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
+Description:
+ ACPI Firmware Performance Data Table (FPDT) provides
+ information for firmware performance data for system boot,
+ S3 suspend and S3 resume. This sysfs entry contains the
+ performance data retrieved from the FPDT.
+
+ boot:
+ firmware_start_ns: Timer value logged at the beginning
+ of firmware image execution. In nanoseconds.
+ bootloader_load_ns: Timer value logged just prior to
+ loading the OS boot loader into memory.
+ In nanoseconds.
+ bootloader_launch_ns: Timer value logged just prior to
+ launching the currently loaded OS boot loader
+ image. In nanoseconds.
+ exitbootservice_start_ns: Timer value logged at the
+ point when the OS loader calls the
+ ExitBootServices function for UEFI compatible
+ firmware. In nanoseconds.
+ exitbootservice_end_ns: Timer value logged at the point
+ just prior to the OS loader gaining control
+ back from the ExitBootServices function for
+ UEFI compatible firmware. In nanoseconds.
+ suspend:
+ suspend_start_ns: Timer value recorded at the previous
+ OS write to SLP_TYP upon entry to S3. In
+ nanoseconds.
+ suspend_end_ns: Timer value recorded at the previous
+ firmware write to SLP_TYP used to trigger
+ hardware entry to S3. In nanoseconds.
+ resume:
+ resume_count: A count of the number of S3 resume cycles
+ since the last full boot sequence.
+ resume_avg_ns: Average timer value of all resume cycles
+ logged since the last full boot sequence,
+ including the most recent resume. In nanoseconds.
+ resume_prev_ns: Timer recorded at the end of the previous
+ platform runtime firmware S3 resume, just prior to
+ handoff to the OS waking vector. In nanoseconds.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/acpi/bgrt/
+Date: January 2012
+Contact: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ The BGRT is an ACPI 5.0 feature that allows the OS
+ to obtain a copy of the firmware boot splash and
+ some associated metadata. This is intended to be used
+ by boot splash applications in order to interact with
+ the firmware boot splash in order to avoid jarring
+ transitions.
+
+ image: The image bitmap. Currently a 32-bit BMP.
+ status: 1 if the image is valid, 0 if firmware invalidated it.
+ type: 0 indicates image is in BMP format.
+
+ ======== ===================================================
+ version: The version of the BGRT. Currently 1.
+ xoffset: The number of pixels between the left of the screen
+ and the left edge of the image.
+ yoffset: The number of pixels between the top of the screen
+ and the top edge of the image.
+ ======== ===================================================
+
+What: /sys/firmware/acpi/hotplug/
+Date: February 2013
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
+Description:
+ There are separate hotplug profiles for different classes of
+ devices supported by ACPI, such as containers, memory modules,
+ processors, PCI root bridges etc. A hotplug profile for a given
+ class of devices is a collection of settings defining the way
+ that class of devices will be handled by the ACPI core hotplug
+ code. Those profiles are represented in sysfs as subdirectories
+ of /sys/firmware/acpi/hotplug/.
+
+ The following setting is available to user space for each
+ hotplug profile:
+
+ ======== =======================================================
+ enabled: If set, the ACPI core will handle notifications of
+ hotplug events associated with the given class of
+ devices and will allow those devices to be ejected with
+ the help of the _EJ0 control method. Unsetting it
+ effectively disables hotplug for the corresponding
+ class of devices.
+ ======== =======================================================
+
+ The value of the above attribute is an integer number: 1 (set)
+ or 0 (unset). Attempts to write any other values to it will
+ cause -EINVAL to be returned.
+
What: /sys/firmware/acpi/interrupts/
Date: February 2008
Contact: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
@@ -14,93 +108,101 @@ Description:
number of a "General Purpose Events" (GPE).
A GPE vectors to a specified handler in AML, which
- can do a anything the BIOS writer wants from
+ can do anything the BIOS writer wants from
OS context. GPE 0x12, for example, would vector
to a level or edge handler called _L12 or _E12.
The handler may do its business and return.
- Or the handler may send send a Notify event
+ Or the handler may send a Notify event
to a Linux device driver registered on an ACPI device,
such as a battery, or a processor.
- To figure out where all the SCI's are coming from,
+ To figure out where all the SCIs are coming from,
/sys/firmware/acpi/interrupts contains a file listing
every possible source, and the count of how many
- times it has triggered.
-
- $ cd /sys/firmware/acpi/interrupts
- $ grep . *
- error: 0
- ff_gbl_lock: 0 enable
- ff_pmtimer: 0 invalid
- ff_pwr_btn: 0 enable
- ff_rt_clk: 2 disable
- ff_slp_btn: 0 invalid
- gpe00: 0 invalid
- gpe01: 0 enable
- gpe02: 108 enable
- gpe03: 0 invalid
- gpe04: 0 invalid
- gpe05: 0 invalid
- gpe06: 0 enable
- gpe07: 0 enable
- gpe08: 0 invalid
- gpe09: 0 invalid
- gpe0A: 0 invalid
- gpe0B: 0 invalid
- gpe0C: 0 invalid
- gpe0D: 0 invalid
- gpe0E: 0 invalid
- gpe0F: 0 invalid
- gpe10: 0 invalid
- gpe11: 0 invalid
- gpe12: 0 invalid
- gpe13: 0 invalid
- gpe14: 0 invalid
- gpe15: 0 invalid
- gpe16: 0 invalid
- gpe17: 1084 enable
- gpe18: 0 enable
- gpe19: 0 invalid
- gpe1A: 0 invalid
- gpe1B: 0 invalid
- gpe1C: 0 invalid
- gpe1D: 0 invalid
- gpe1E: 0 invalid
- gpe1F: 0 invalid
- gpe_all: 1192
- sci: 1194
-
- sci - The total number of times the ACPI SCI
- has claimed an interrupt.
-
- gpe_all - count of SCI caused by GPEs.
-
- gpeXX - count for individual GPE source
-
- ff_gbl_lock - Global Lock
-
- ff_pmtimer - PM Timer
-
- ff_pwr_btn - Power Button
-
- ff_rt_clk - Real Time Clock
-
- ff_slp_btn - Sleep Button
-
- error - an interrupt that can't be accounted for above.
-
- invalid: it's either a wakeup GPE or a GPE/Fixed Event that
- doesn't have an event handler.
-
- disable: the GPE/Fixed Event is valid but disabled.
-
- enable: the GPE/Fixed Event is valid and enabled.
-
- Root has permission to clear any of these counters. Eg.
- # echo 0 > gpe11
-
- All counters can be cleared by clearing the total "sci":
- # echo 0 > sci
+ times it has triggered::
+
+ $ cd /sys/firmware/acpi/interrupts
+ $ grep . *
+ error: 0
+ ff_gbl_lock: 0 enable
+ ff_pmtimer: 0 invalid
+ ff_pwr_btn: 0 enable
+ ff_rt_clk: 2 disable
+ ff_slp_btn: 0 invalid
+ gpe00: 0 invalid
+ gpe01: 0 enable
+ gpe02: 108 enable
+ gpe03: 0 invalid
+ gpe04: 0 invalid
+ gpe05: 0 invalid
+ gpe06: 0 enable
+ gpe07: 0 enable
+ gpe08: 0 invalid
+ gpe09: 0 invalid
+ gpe0A: 0 invalid
+ gpe0B: 0 invalid
+ gpe0C: 0 invalid
+ gpe0D: 0 invalid
+ gpe0E: 0 invalid
+ gpe0F: 0 invalid
+ gpe10: 0 invalid
+ gpe11: 0 invalid
+ gpe12: 0 invalid
+ gpe13: 0 invalid
+ gpe14: 0 invalid
+ gpe15: 0 invalid
+ gpe16: 0 invalid
+ gpe17: 1084 enable
+ gpe18: 0 enable
+ gpe19: 0 invalid
+ gpe1A: 0 invalid
+ gpe1B: 0 invalid
+ gpe1C: 0 invalid
+ gpe1D: 0 invalid
+ gpe1E: 0 invalid
+ gpe1F: 0 invalid
+ gpe_all: 1192
+ sci: 1194
+ sci_not: 0
+
+ =========== ==================================================
+ sci The number of times the ACPI SCI
+ has been called and claimed an interrupt.
+
+ sci_not The number of times the ACPI SCI
+ has been called and NOT claimed an interrupt.
+
+ gpe_all count of SCI caused by GPEs.
+
+ gpeXX count for individual GPE source
+
+ ff_gbl_lock Global Lock
+
+ ff_pmtimer PM Timer
+
+ ff_pwr_btn Power Button
+
+ ff_rt_clk Real Time Clock
+
+ ff_slp_btn Sleep Button
+
+ error an interrupt that can't be accounted for above.
+
+ invalid it's either a GPE or a Fixed Event that
+ doesn't have an event handler.
+
+ disable the GPE/Fixed Event is valid but disabled.
+
+ enable the GPE/Fixed Event is valid and enabled.
+ =========== ==================================================
+
+ Root has permission to clear any of these counters. Eg.::
+
+ # echo 0 > gpe11
+
+ All counters can be cleared by clearing the total "sci"::
+
+ # echo 0 > sci
None of these counters has an effect on the function
of the system, they are simply statistics.
@@ -109,38 +211,61 @@ Description:
to enable/disable/clear ACPI interrupts in user space, which can be
used to debug some ACPI interrupt storm issues.
- Note that only writting to VALID GPE/Fixed Event is allowed,
+ Note that only writing to VALID GPE/Fixed Event is allowed,
i.e. user can only change the status of runtime GPE and
Fixed Event with event handler installed.
Let's take power button fixed event for example, please kill acpid
and other user space applications so that the machine won't shutdown
- when pressing the power button.
- # cat ff_pwr_btn
- 0
- # press the power button for 3 times;
- # cat ff_pwr_btn
- 3
- # echo disable > ff_pwr_btn
- # cat ff_pwr_btn
- disable
- # press the power button for 3 times;
- # cat ff_pwr_btn
- disable
- # echo enable > ff_pwr_btn
- # cat ff_pwr_btn
- 4
- /*
- * this is because the status bit is set even if the enable bit is cleared,
- * and it triggers an ACPI fixed event when the enable bit is set again
- */
- # press the power button for 3 times;
- # cat ff_pwr_btn
- 7
- # echo disable > ff_pwr_btn
- # press the power button for 3 times;
- # echo clear > ff_pwr_btn /* clear the status bit */
- # echo disable > ff_pwr_btn
- # cat ff_pwr_btn
- 7
+ when pressing the power button::
+
+ # cat ff_pwr_btn
+ 0 enabled
+ # press the power button for 3 times;
+ # cat ff_pwr_btn
+ 3 enabled
+ # echo disable > ff_pwr_btn
+ # cat ff_pwr_btn
+ 3 disabled
+ # press the power button for 3 times;
+ # cat ff_pwr_btn
+ 3 disabled
+ # echo enable > ff_pwr_btn
+ # cat ff_pwr_btn
+ 4 enabled
+ /*
+ * this is because the status bit is set even if the enable
+ * bit is cleared, and it triggers an ACPI fixed event when
+ * the enable bit is set again
+ */
+ # press the power button for 3 times;
+ # cat ff_pwr_btn
+ 7 enabled
+ # echo disable > ff_pwr_btn
+ # press the power button for 3 times;
+ # echo clear > ff_pwr_btn /* clear the status bit */
+ # echo disable > ff_pwr_btn
+ # cat ff_pwr_btn
+ 7 enabled
+
+What: /sys/firmware/acpi/memory_ranges/rangeX
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
+Description:
+ On systems with the ACPI MRRM table reports the parameters for
+ each range.
+
+ base: Starting system physical address.
+
+ length: Length of this range in bytes.
+
+ node: NUMA node that this range belongs to. Negative numbers
+ indicate that the node number could not be determined (e.g
+ for an address range that is reserved for future hot add of
+ memory).
+
+ local_region_id: ID associated with access by agents
+ local to this range of addresses.
+ remote_region_id: ID associated with access by agents
+ non-local to this range of addresses.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-dmi-entries b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-dmi-entries
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b6c23807b804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-dmi-entries
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/dmi/entries/
+Date: February 2011
+Contact: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
+Description:
+ Many machines' firmware (x86 and arm64) export DMI /
+ SMBIOS tables to the operating system. Getting at this
+ information is often valuable to userland, especially in
+ cases where there are OEM extensions used.
+
+ The kernel itself does not rely on the majority of the
+ information in these tables being correct. It equally
+ cannot ensure that the data as exported to userland is
+ without error either.
+
+ DMI is structured as a large table of entries, where
+ each entry has a common header indicating the type and
+ length of the entry, as well as a firmware-provided
+ 'handle' that is supposed to be unique amongst all
+ entries.
+
+ Some entries are required by the specification, but many
+ others are optional. In general though, users should
+ never expect to find a specific entry type on their
+ system unless they know for certain what their firmware
+ is doing. Machine to machine experiences will vary.
+
+ Multiple entries of the same type are allowed. In order
+ to handle these duplicate entry types, each entry is
+ assigned by the operating system an 'instance', which is
+ derived from an entry type's ordinal position. That is
+ to say, if there are 'N' multiple entries with the same type
+ 'T' in the DMI tables (adjacent or spread apart, it
+ doesn't matter), they will be represented in sysfs as
+ entries "T-0" through "T-(N-1)":
+
+ Example entry directories::
+
+ /sys/firmware/dmi/entries/17-0
+ /sys/firmware/dmi/entries/17-1
+ /sys/firmware/dmi/entries/17-2
+ /sys/firmware/dmi/entries/17-3
+ ...
+
+ Instance numbers are used in lieu of the firmware
+ assigned entry handles as the kernel itself makes no
+ guarantees that handles as exported are unique, and
+ there are likely firmware images that get this wrong in
+ the wild.
+
+ Each DMI entry in sysfs has the common header values
+ exported as attributes:
+
+ ======== =================================================
+ handle The 16bit 'handle' that is assigned to this
+ entry by the firmware. This handle may be
+ referred to by other entries.
+ length The length of the entry, as presented in the
+ entry itself. Note that this is _not the
+ total count of bytes associated with the
+ entry. This value represents the length of
+ the "formatted" portion of the entry. This
+ "formatted" region is sometimes followed by
+ the "unformatted" region composed of nul
+ terminated strings, with termination signalled
+ by a two nul characters in series.
+ raw The raw bytes of the entry. This includes the
+ "formatted" portion of the entry, the
+ "unformatted" strings portion of the entry,
+ and the two terminating nul characters.
+ type The type of the entry. This value is the same
+ as found in the directory name. It indicates
+ how the rest of the entry should be interpreted.
+ instance The instance ordinal of the entry for the
+ given type. This value is the same as found
+ in the parent directory name.
+ position The ordinal position (zero-based) of the entry
+ within the entirety of the DMI entry table.
+ ======== =================================================
+
+ **Entry Specialization**
+
+ Some entry types may have other information available in
+ sysfs. Not all types are specialized.
+
+ **Type 15 - System Event Log**
+
+ This entry allows the firmware to export a log of
+ events the system has taken. This information is
+ typically backed by nvram, but the implementation
+ details are abstracted by this table. This entry's data
+ is exported in the directory::
+
+ /sys/firmware/dmi/entries/15-0/system_event_log
+
+ and has the following attributes (documented in the
+ SMBIOS / DMI specification under "System Event Log (Type 15)":
+
+ - area_length
+ - header_start_offset
+ - data_start_offset
+ - access_method
+ - status
+ - change_token
+ - access_method_address
+ - header_format
+ - per_log_type_descriptor_length
+ - type_descriptors_supported_count
+
+ As well, the kernel exports the binary attribute:
+
+ ============= ====================================
+ raw_event_log The raw binary bits of the event log
+ as described by the DMI entry.
+ ============= ====================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-dmi-tables b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-dmi-tables
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ff3cac8ed0bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-dmi-tables
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/dmi/tables/
+Date: April 2015
+Contact: Ivan Khoronzhuk <ivan.khoronzhuk@globallogic.com>
+Description:
+ The firmware provides DMI structures as a packed list of
+ data referenced by a SMBIOS table entry point. The SMBIOS
+ entry point contains general information, like SMBIOS
+ version, DMI table size, etc. The structure, content and
+ size of SMBIOS entry point is dependent on SMBIOS version.
+ The format of SMBIOS entry point and DMI structures
+ can be read in SMBIOS specification.
+
+ The dmi/tables provides raw SMBIOS entry point and DMI tables
+ through sysfs as an alternative to utilities reading them
+ from /dev/mem. The raw SMBIOS entry point and DMI table are
+ presented as binary attributes and are accessible via:
+
+ /sys/firmware/dmi/tables/smbios_entry_point
+ /sys/firmware/dmi/tables/DMI
+
+ The complete DMI information can be obtained using these two
+ tables.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..927e362d4974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/fw_vendor
+Date: December 2013
+Contact: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
+Description: It shows the physical address of firmware vendor field in the
+ EFI system table.
+Users: Kexec
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/runtime
+Date: December 2013
+Contact: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
+Description: It shows the physical address of runtime service table entry in
+ the EFI system table.
+Users: Kexec
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/config_table
+Date: December 2013
+Contact: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
+Description: It shows the physical address of config table entry in the EFI
+ system table.
+Users: Kexec
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/systab
+Date: April 2005
+Contact: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Displays the physical addresses of all EFI Configuration
+ Tables found via the EFI System Table. The order in
+ which the tables are printed forms an ABI and newer
+ versions are always printed first, i.e. ACPI20 comes
+ before ACPI.
+Users: dmidecode
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/tables/rci2
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Narendra K <Narendra.K@dell.com>, linux-bugs@dell.com
+Description: Displays the content of the Runtime Configuration Interface
+ Table version 2 on Dell EMC PowerEdge systems in binary format
+Users: It is used by Dell EMC OpenManage Server Administrator tool to
+ populate BIOS setup page.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/ovmf_debug_log
+Date: July 2025
+Contact: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>, linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
+Description: Displays the content of the OVMF debug log buffer. The file is
+ only present in case the firmware supports logging to a memory
+ buffer.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi-esrt b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi-esrt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4c2d440487dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi-esrt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: Provides userland access to read the EFI System Resource Table
+ (ESRT), a catalog of firmware for which can be updated with
+ the UEFI UpdateCapsule mechanism described in section 7.5 of
+ the UEFI Standard.
+Users: fwupdate - https://github.com/rhinstaller/fwupdate
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/fw_resource_count
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: The number of entries in the ESRT
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/fw_resource_count_max
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: The maximum number of entries that /could/ be registered
+ in the allocation the table is currently in. This is
+ really only useful to the system firmware itself.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/fw_resource_version
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: The version of the ESRT structure provided by the firmware.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry<N>/
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: Each ESRT entry is identified by a GUID, and each gets a
+ subdirectory under entries/ .
+ example: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry0/
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry<N>/fw_type
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: What kind of firmware entry this is:
+
+ == ===============
+ 0 Unknown
+ 1 System Firmware
+ 2 Device Firmware
+ 3 UEFI Driver
+ == ===============
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry<N>/fw_class
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: This is the entry's guid, and will match the directory name.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry<N>/fw_version
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: The version of the firmware currently installed. This is a
+ 32-bit unsigned integer.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry<N>/lowest_supported_fw_version
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: The lowest version of the firmware that can be installed.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry<N>/capsule_flags
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: Flags that must be passed to UpdateCapsule()
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry<N>/last_attempt_version
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: The last firmware version for which an update was attempted.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/esrt/entries/entry<N>/last_attempt_status
+Date: February 2015
+Contact: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
+Description: The result of the last firmware update attempt for the
+ firmware resource entry.
+
+ == ======================
+ 0 Success
+ 1 Insufficient resources
+ 2 Incorrect version
+ 3 Invalid format
+ 4 Authentication error
+ 5 AC power event
+ 6 Battery power event
+ == ======================
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi-runtime-map b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi-runtime-map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9c4d581be396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi-runtime-map
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/efi/runtime-map/
+Date: December 2013
+Contact: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
+Description: Switching efi runtime services to virtual mode requires
+ that all efi memory ranges which have the runtime attribute
+ bit set to be mapped to virtual addresses.
+
+ The efi runtime services can only be switched to virtual
+ mode once without rebooting. The kexec kernel must maintain
+ the same physical to virtual address mappings as the first
+ kernel. The mappings are exported to sysfs so userspace tools
+ can reassemble them and pass them into the kexec kernel.
+
+ /sys/firmware/efi/runtime-map/ is the directory the kernel
+ exports that information in.
+
+ subdirectories are named with the number of the memory range::
+
+ /sys/firmware/efi/runtime-map/0
+ /sys/firmware/efi/runtime-map/1
+ /sys/firmware/efi/runtime-map/2
+ /sys/firmware/efi/runtime-map/3
+ ...
+
+ Each subdirectory contains five files:
+
+ ========= =========================================
+ attribute The attributes of the memory range.
+ num_pages The size of the memory range in pages.
+ phys_addr The physical address of the memory range.
+ type The type of the memory range.
+ virt_addr The virtual address of the memory range.
+ ========= =========================================
+
+ Above values are all hexadecimal numbers with the '0x' prefix.
+Users: Kexec
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-gsmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-gsmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7a558354c1ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-gsmi
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/gsmi
+Date: March 2011
+Contact: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
+Description:
+ Some servers used internally at Google have firmware
+ that provides callback functionality via explicit SMI
+ triggers. Some of the callbacks are similar to those
+ provided by the EFI runtime services page, but due to
+ historical reasons this different entry-point has been
+ used.
+
+ The gsmi driver implements the kernel's abstraction for
+ these firmware callbacks. Currently, this functionality
+ is limited to handling the system event log and getting
+ access to EFI-style variables stored in nvram.
+
+ Layout:
+
+ /sys/firmware/gsmi/vars:
+
+ This directory has the same layout (and
+ underlying implementation as /sys/firmware/efi/vars.
+ See `Documentation/ABI/*/sysfs-firmware-efi-vars`
+ for more information on how to interact with
+ this structure.
+
+ /sys/firmware/gsmi/append_to_eventlog - write-only:
+
+ This file takes a binary blob and passes it onto
+ the firmware to be timestamped and appended to
+ the system eventlog. The binary format is
+ interpreted by the firmware and may change from
+ platform to platform. The only kernel-enforced
+ requirement is that the blob be prefixed with a
+ 32bit host-endian type used as part of the
+ firmware call.
+
+ /sys/firmware/gsmi/clear_config - write-only:
+
+ Writing any value to this file will cause the
+ entire firmware configuration to be reset to
+ "factory defaults". Callers should assume that
+ a reboot is required for the configuration to be
+ cleared.
+
+ /sys/firmware/gsmi/clear_eventlog - write-only:
+
+ This file is used to clear out a portion/the
+ whole of the system event log. Values written
+ should be values between 1 and 100 inclusive (in
+ ASCII) representing the fraction of the log to
+ clear. Not all platforms support fractional
+ clearing though, and this writes to this file
+ will error out if the firmware doesn't like your
+ submitted fraction.
+
+ Callers should assume that a reboot is needed
+ for this operation to complete.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-initrd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-initrd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..20bf7cf77a19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-initrd
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/initrd
+Date: December 2023
+Contact: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com>
+Description:
+ When the kernel was booted with an initrd and the
+ "retain_initrd" option is set on the kernel command
+ line, /sys/firmware/initrd contains the contents of the
+ initrd that the kernel was booted with.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-lefi-boardinfo b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-lefi-boardinfo
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5e3f6148c52e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-lefi-boardinfo
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/lefi/boardinfo
+Date: October 2020
+Contact: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
+Description:
+ Get mainboard and BIOS info easily on the Loongson platform,
+ this is useful to point out the current used mainboard type
+ and BIOS version when there exists problems related with
+ hardware or firmware.
+
+ The related structures are already defined in the interface
+ specification about firmware and kernel which are common
+ requirement and specific for Loongson64, so only add a new
+ boardinfo.c file in arch/mips/loongson64.
+
+ For example:
+
+ [loongson@linux ~]$ cat /sys/firmware/lefi/boardinfo
+ Board Info
+ Manufacturer : LEMOTE
+ Board Name : LEMOTE-LS3A4000-7A1000-1w-V01-pc
+ Family : LOONGSON3
+
+ BIOS Info
+ Vendor : Kunlun
+ Version : Kunlun-A1901-V4.1.3-20200414093938
+ ROM Size : 4 KB
+ Release Date : 2020-04-14
+
+ By the way, using dmidecode command can get the similar info if there
+ exists SMBIOS in firmware, but the fact is that there is no SMBIOS on
+ some machines, we can see nothing when execute dmidecode, like this:
+
+ [root@linux loongson]# dmidecode
+ # dmidecode 2.12
+ # No SMBIOS nor DMI entry point found, sorry.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-log b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-log
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9b58e7c5365f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-log
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/log
+Date: February 2011
+Contact: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/firmware/log is a binary file that represents a
+ read-only copy of the firmware's log if one is
+ available.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-memmap b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-memmap
index 0d99ee6ae02e..9205122fa4b1 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-memmap
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-memmap
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
What: /sys/firmware/memmap/
Date: June 2008
-Contact: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
+Contact: Bernhard Walle <bernhard.walle@gmx.de>
Description:
On all platforms, the firmware provides a memory map which the
kernel reads. The resources from that memory map are registered
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Description:
the raw memory map to userspace.
The structure is as follows: Under /sys/firmware/memmap there
- are subdirectories with the number of the entry as their name:
+ are subdirectories with the number of the entry as their name::
/sys/firmware/memmap/0
/sys/firmware/memmap/1
@@ -34,14 +34,16 @@ Description:
Each directory contains three files:
- start : The start address (as hexadecimal number with the
+ ======== =====================================================
+ start The start address (as hexadecimal number with the
'0x' prefix).
- end : The end address, inclusive (regardless whether the
+ end The end address, inclusive (regardless whether the
firmware provides inclusive or exclusive ranges).
- type : Type of the entry as string. See below for a list of
+ type Type of the entry as string. See below for a list of
valid types.
+ ======== =====================================================
- So, for example:
+ So, for example::
/sys/firmware/memmap/0/start
/sys/firmware/memmap/0/end
@@ -54,12 +56,15 @@ Description:
- System RAM
- ACPI Tables
- ACPI Non-volatile Storage
+ - Unusable memory
+ - Persistent Memory (legacy)
+ - Persistent Memory
+ - Soft Reserved
- reserved
Following shell snippet can be used to display that memory
- map in a human-readable format:
+ map in a human-readable format::
- -------------------- 8< ----------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash
cd /sys/firmware/memmap
for dir in * ; do
@@ -68,4 +73,3 @@ Description:
type=$(cat $dir/type)
printf "%016x-%016x (%s)\n" $start $[ $end +1] "$type"
done
- -------------------- >8 ----------------------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-ofw b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-ofw
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..edcab3ccfcc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-ofw
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/devicetree/*
+Date: November 2013
+Contact: Grant Likely <grant.likely@arm.com>, devicetree@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ When using OpenFirmware or a Flattened Device Tree to enumerate
+ hardware, the device tree structure will be exposed in this
+ directory.
+
+ It is possible for multiple device-tree directories to exist.
+ Some device drivers use a separate detached device tree which
+ have no attachment to the system tree and will appear in a
+ different subdirectory under /sys/firmware/devicetree.
+
+ Userspace must not use the /sys/firmware/devicetree/base
+ path directly, but instead should follow /proc/device-tree
+ symlink. It is possible that the absolute path will change
+ in the future, but the symlink is the stable ABI.
+
+ The /proc/device-tree symlink replaces the devicetree /proc
+ filesystem support, and has largely the same semantics and
+ should be compatible with existing userspace.
+
+ The contents of /sys/firmware/devicetree/ is a
+ hierarchy of directories, one per device tree node. The
+ directory name is the resolved path component name (node
+ name plus address). Properties are represented as files
+ in the directory. The contents of each file is the exact
+ binary data from the device tree.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/fdt
+Date: February 2015
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Frank Rowand <frowand.list@gmail.com>, devicetree@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Exports the FDT blob that was passed to the kernel by
+ the bootloader. This allows userland applications such
+ as kexec to access the raw binary. This blob is also
+ useful when debugging since it contains any changes
+ made to the blob by the bootloader.
+
+ The fact that this node does not reside under
+ /sys/firmware/device-tree is deliberate: FDT is also used
+ on arm64 UEFI/ACPI systems to communicate just the UEFI
+ and ACPI entry points, but the FDT is never unflattened
+ and used to configure the system.
+
+ A CRC32 checksum is calculated over the entire FDT
+ blob, and verified at late_initcall time. The sysfs
+ entry is instantiated only if the checksum is valid,
+ i.e., if the FDT blob has not been modified in the mean
+ time. Otherwise, a warning is printed.
+Users: kexec, debugging
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-opal-powercap b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-opal-powercap
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d2d12ee89288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-opal-powercap
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/opal/powercap
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Powercap directory for Powernv (P8, P9) servers
+
+ Each folder in this directory contains a
+ power-cappable component.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/opal/powercap/system-powercap
+ /sys/firmware/opal/powercap/system-powercap/powercap-min
+ /sys/firmware/opal/powercap/system-powercap/powercap-max
+ /sys/firmware/opal/powercap/system-powercap/powercap-current
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: System powercap directory and attributes applicable for
+ Powernv (P8, P9) servers
+
+ This directory provides powercap information. It
+ contains below sysfs attributes:
+
+ - powercap-min : This file provides the minimum
+ possible powercap in Watt units
+
+ - powercap-max : This file provides the maximum
+ possible powercap in Watt units
+
+ - powercap-current : This file provides the current
+ powercap set on the system. Writing to this file
+ creates a request for setting a new-powercap. The
+ powercap requested must be between powercap-min
+ and powercap-max.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-opal-psr b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-opal-psr
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1e55b56a0f89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-opal-psr
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/opal/psr
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Power-Shift-Ratio directory for Powernv P9 servers
+
+ Power-Shift-Ratio allows to provide hints the firmware
+ to shift/throttle power between different entities in
+ the system. Each attribute in this directory indicates
+ a settable PSR.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/opal/psr/cpu_to_gpu_X
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: PSR sysfs attributes for Powernv P9 servers
+
+ Power-Shift-Ratio between CPU and GPU for a given chip
+ with chip-id X. This file gives the ratio (0-100)
+ which is used by OCC for power-capping.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-opal-sensor-groups b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-opal-sensor-groups
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fcb1fb4795b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-opal-sensor-groups
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/opal/sensor_groups
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Sensor groups directory for POWER9 powernv servers
+
+ Each folder in this directory contains a sensor group
+ which are classified based on type of the sensor
+ like power, temperature, frequency, current, etc. They
+ can also indicate the group of sensors belonging to
+ different owners like CSM, Profiler, Job-Scheduler
+
+What: /sys/firmware/opal/sensor_groups/<sensor_group_name>/clear
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Sysfs file to clear the min-max of all the sensors
+ belonging to the group.
+
+ Writing 1 to this file will clear the minimum and
+ maximum values of all the sensors in the group.
+ In POWER9, the min-max of a sensor is the historical minimum
+ and maximum value of the sensor cached by OCC.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-papr-energy-scale-info b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-papr-energy-scale-info
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f5cefb81ac9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-papr-energy-scale-info
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/papr/energy_scale_info
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Directory hosting a set of platform attributes like
+ energy/frequency on Linux running as a PAPR guest.
+
+ Each file in a directory contains a platform
+ attribute hierarchy pertaining to performance/
+ energy-savings mode and processor frequency.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/papr/energy_scale_info/<id>
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Energy, frequency attributes directory for POWERVM servers
+
+What: /sys/firmware/papr/energy_scale_info/<id>/desc
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: String description of the energy attribute of <id>
+
+What: /sys/firmware/papr/energy_scale_info/<id>/value
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: Numeric value of the energy attribute of <id>
+
+What: /sys/firmware/papr/energy_scale_info/<id>/value_desc
+Date: February 2022
+Contact: Linux for PowerPC mailing list <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
+Description: String value of the energy attribute of <id>
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-qemu_fw_cfg b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-qemu_fw_cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..54d1bfd0db12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-qemu_fw_cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg/
+Date: August 2015
+Contact: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
+Description:
+ Several different architectures supported by QEMU (x86, arm,
+ sun4*, ppc/mac) are provisioned with a firmware configuration
+ (fw_cfg) device, originally intended as a way for the host to
+ provide configuration data to the guest firmware. Starting
+ with QEMU v2.4, arbitrary fw_cfg file entries may be specified
+ by the user on the command line, which makes fw_cfg additionally
+ useful as an out-of-band, asynchronous mechanism for providing
+ configuration data to the guest userspace.
+
+ The authoritative guest-side hardware interface documentation
+ to the fw_cfg device can be found in "docs/specs/fw_cfg.rst"
+ in the QEMU source tree, or online at:
+ https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/specs/fw_cfg.html
+
+ **SysFS fw_cfg Interface**
+
+ The fw_cfg sysfs interface described in this document is only
+ intended to display discoverable blobs (i.e., those registered
+ with the file directory), as there is no way to determine the
+ presence or size of "legacy" blobs (with selector keys between
+ 0x0002 and 0x0018) programmatically.
+
+ All fw_cfg information is shown under:
+
+ /sys/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg/
+
+ The only legacy blob displayed is the fw_cfg device revision:
+
+ /sys/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg/rev
+
+ **Discoverable fw_cfg blobs by selector key**
+
+ All discoverable blobs listed in the fw_cfg file directory are
+ displayed as entries named after their unique selector key
+ value, e.g.:
+
+ /sys/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg/by_key/32
+ /sys/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg/by_key/33
+ /sys/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg/by_key/34
+ ...
+
+ Each such fw_cfg sysfs entry has the following values exported
+ as attributes:
+
+ ==== ====================================================
+ name The 56-byte nul-terminated ASCII string used as the
+ blob's 'file name' in the fw_cfg directory.
+ size The length of the blob, as given in the fw_cfg
+ directory.
+ key The value of the blob's selector key as given in the
+ fw_cfg directory. This value is the same as used in
+ the parent directory name.
+ raw The raw bytes of the blob, obtained by selecting the
+ entry via the control register, and reading a number
+ of bytes equal to the blob size from the data
+ register.
+ ==== ====================================================
+
+ **Listing fw_cfg blobs by file name**
+
+ While the fw_cfg device does not impose any specific naming
+ convention on the blobs registered in the file directory,
+ QEMU developers have traditionally used path name semantics
+ to give each blob a descriptive name. For example::
+
+ "bootorder"
+ "genroms/kvmvapic.bin"
+ "etc/e820"
+ "etc/boot-fail-wait"
+ "etc/system-states"
+ "etc/table-loader"
+ "etc/acpi/rsdp"
+ "etc/acpi/tables"
+ "etc/smbios/smbios-tables"
+ "etc/smbios/smbios-anchor"
+ ...
+
+ In addition to the listing by unique selector key described
+ above, the fw_cfg sysfs driver also attempts to build a tree
+ of directories matching the path name components of fw_cfg
+ blob names, ending in symlinks to the by_key entry for each
+ "basename", as illustrated below (assume current directory is
+ /sys/firmware)::
+
+ qemu_fw_cfg/by_name/bootorder -> ../by_key/38
+ qemu_fw_cfg/by_name/etc/e820 -> ../../by_key/35
+ qemu_fw_cfg/by_name/etc/acpi/rsdp -> ../../../by_key/41
+ ...
+
+ Construction of the directory tree and symlinks is done on a
+ "best-effort" basis, as there is no guarantee that components
+ of fw_cfg blob names are always "well behaved". I.e., there is
+ the possibility that a symlink (basename) will conflict with
+ a dirname component of another fw_cfg blob, in which case the
+ creation of the offending /sys/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg/by_name
+ entry will be skipped.
+
+ The authoritative list of entries will continue to be found
+ under the /sys/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg/by_key directory.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-sgi_uv b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-sgi_uv
index 4573fd4b7876..7fe9244b87bb 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-sgi_uv
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-sgi_uv
@@ -1,27 +1,159 @@
What: /sys/firmware/sgi_uv/
-Date: August 2008
-Contact: Russ Anderson <rja@sgi.com>
+Date: September 2020
+Contact: Justin Ernst <justin.ernst@hpe.com>
Description:
The /sys/firmware/sgi_uv directory contains information
- about the SGI UV platform.
+ about the UV platform.
- Under that directory are a number of files:
+ Under that directory are a number of read-only attributes::
+ archtype
+ hub_type
+ hubless
partition_id
coherence_id
+ uv_type
+
+ The archtype entry contains the UV architecture type that
+ is used to select arch-dependent addresses and features.
+ It can be set via the OEM_ID in the ACPI MADT table or by
+ UVsystab entry both passed from UV BIOS.
+
+ The hub_type entry is used to select the type of hub which is
+ similar to uv_type but encoded in a binary format. Include
+ the file uv_hub.h to get the definitions.
+
+ The hubless entry basically is present and set only if there
+ is no hub. In this case the hub_type entry is not present.
The partition_id entry contains the partition id.
- SGI UV systems can be partitioned into multiple physical
+ UV systems can be partitioned into multiple physical
machines, which each partition running a unique copy
- of the operating system. Each partition will have a unique
- partition id. To display the partition id, use the command:
-
- cat /sys/firmware/sgi_uv/partition_id
+ of the operating system. Each partition will have a unique
+ partition id.
The coherence_id entry contains the coherence id.
- A partitioned SGI UV system can have one or more coherence
- domain. The coherence id indicates which coherence domain
- this partition is in. To display the coherence id, use the
- command:
+ A partitioned UV system can have one or more coherence
+ domains. The coherence id indicates which coherence domain
+ this partition is in.
+
+ The uv_type entry contains the hub revision number.
+ This value can be used to identify the UV system version::
+
+ "0.*" = Hubless UV ('*' is subtype)
+ "3.0" = UV2
+ "5.0" = UV3
+ "7.0" = UV4
+ "7.1" = UV4a
+ "9.0" = UV5
+
+ The /sys/firmware/sgi_uv directory also contains two directories::
+
+ hubs/
+ pcibuses/
+
+ The hubs directory contains a number of hub objects, each representing
+ a UV Hub visible to the BIOS. Each hub object's name is appended by a
+ unique ordinal value (ex. /sys/firmware/sgi_uv/hubs/hub_5)
+
+ Each hub object directory contains a number of read-only attributes::
+
+ cnode
+ location
+ name
+ nasid
+ shared
+ this_partition
+
+ The cnode entry contains the cnode number of the corresponding hub.
+ If a cnode value is not applicable, the value returned will be -1.
+
+ The location entry contains the location string of the corresponding hub.
+ This value is used to physically identify a hub within a system.
+
+ The name entry contains the name of the corresponding hub. This name can
+ be two variants::
+
+ "UVHub x.x" = A 'node' ASIC, connecting a CPU to the interconnect
+ fabric. The 'x.x' value represents the ASIC revision.
+ (ex. 'UVHub 5.0')
+
+ "NLxRouter" = A 'router ASIC, only connecting other ASICs to
+ the interconnect fabric. The 'x' value representing
+ the fabric technology version. (ex. 'NL8Router')
+
+ The nasid entry contains the nasid number of the corresponding hub.
+ If a nasid value is not applicable, the value returned will be -1.
+
+ The shared entry contains a boolean value describing whether the
+ corresponding hub is shared between system partitions.
+
+ The this_partition entry contains a boolean value describing whether
+ the corresponding hub is local to the current partition.
+
+ Each hub object directory also contains a number of port objects,
+ each representing a fabric port on the corresponding hub.
+ A port object's name is appended by a unique ordinal value
+ (ex. /sys/firmware/sgi_uv/hubs/hub_5/port_3)
+
+ Each port object directory contains a number of read-only attributes::
+
+ conn_hub
+ conn_port
+
+ The conn_hub entry contains a value representing the unique
+ ordinal value of the hub on the other end of the fabric
+ cable plugged into the port. If the port is disconnected,
+ the value returned will be -1.
+
+ The conn_port entry contains a value representing the unique
+ ordinal value of the port on the other end of the fabric cable
+ plugged into the port. If the port is disconnected, the value
+ returned will be -1.
+
+ Ex:
+ A value of '3' is read from:
+ /sys/firmware/sgi_uv/hubs/hub_5/port_3/conn_hub
+
+ and a value of '6' is read from:
+ /sys/firmware/sgi_uv/hubs/hub_5/port_3/conn_port
+
+ representing that this port is connected to:
+ /sys/firmware/sgi_uv/hubs/hub_3/port_6
+
+ The pcibuses directory contains a number of PCI bus objects.
+ Each PCI bus object's name is appended by its PCI bus address.
+ (ex. pcibus_0003:80)
+
+ Each pcibus object has a number of possible read-only attributes::
+
+ type
+ location
+ slot
+ ppb_addr
+ iio_stack
+
+ The type entry contains a value describing the type of IO at
+ the corresponding PCI bus address. Known possible values
+ across all UV versions are::
+
+ BASE IO
+ PCIe IO
+ PCIe SLOT
+ NODE IO
+ Riser
+ PPB
+
+ The location entry contains the location string of the UV Hub
+ of the CPU physically connected to the corresponding PCI bus.
+
+ The slot entry contains the physical slot number of the
+ corresponding PCI bus. This value is used to physically locate
+ PCI cards within a system.
+
+ The ppb_addr entry contains the PCI address string of the
+ bridged PCI bus. This entry is only present when the PCI bus
+ object type is 'PPB'.
- cat /sys/firmware/sgi_uv/coherence_id
+ The iio_stack entry contains a value describing the IIO stack
+ number that the corresponding PCI bus object is connected to.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-turris-mox-rwtm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-turris-mox-rwtm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..26741cb84504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-turris-mox-rwtm
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/turris-mox-rwtm/board_version
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (Read) Board version burned into eFuses of this Turris Mox board.
+ Format: %i
+
+What: /sys/firmware/turris-mox-rwtm/mac_address*
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (Read) MAC addresses burned into eFuses of this Turris Mox board.
+ Format: %pM
+
+What: /sys/firmware/turris-mox-rwtm/ram_size
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (Read) RAM size in MiB of this Turris Mox board as was detected
+ during manufacturing and burned into eFuses. Can be 512 or 1024.
+ Format: %i
+
+What: /sys/firmware/turris-mox-rwtm/serial_number
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Marek Behún <kabel@kernel.org>
+Description: (Read) Serial number burned into eFuses of this Turris Mox device.
+ Format: %016X
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-erofs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-erofs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..76d9808ed581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-erofs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+What: /sys/fs/erofs/features/
+Date: November 2021
+Contact: "Huang Jianan" <huangjianan@oppo.com>
+Description: Shows all enabled kernel features.
+ Supported features:
+ zero_padding, compr_cfgs, big_pcluster, chunked_file,
+ device_table, compr_head2, sb_chksum, ztailpacking,
+ dedupe, fragments, 48bit, metabox.
+
+What: /sys/fs/erofs/<disk>/sync_decompress
+Date: November 2021
+Contact: "Huang Jianan" <huangjianan@oppo.com>
+Description: Control strategy of sync decompression:
+
+ - 0 (default, auto): enable for readpage, and enable for
+ readahead on atomic contexts only.
+ - 1 (force on): enable for readpage and readahead.
+ - 2 (force off): disable for all situations.
+
+What: /sys/fs/erofs/<disk>/drop_caches
+Date: November 2024
+Contact: "Guo Chunhai" <guochunhai@vivo.com>
+Description: Writing to this will drop compression-related caches,
+ currently used to drop in-memory pclusters and cached
+ compressed folios:
+
+ - 1 : invalidate cached compressed folios
+ - 2 : drop in-memory pclusters
+ - 3 : drop in-memory pclusters and cached compressed folios
+
+What: /sys/fs/erofs/accel
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: "Bo Liu" <liubo03@inspur.com>
+Description: Used to set or show hardware accelerators in effect
+ and multiple accelerators are separated by '\n'.
+ Supported accelerator(s): qat_deflate.
+ Disable all accelerators with an empty string (echo > accel).
+
+What: /sys/fs/erofs/<disk>/dir_ra_bytes
+Date: July 2025
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description: Used to set or show readahead bytes during readdir(), by
+ default the value is 16384.
+
+ - 0: disable readahead.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-ext4 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-ext4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2edd0a6672d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-ext4
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/mb_stats
+Date: March 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ Controls whether the multiblock allocator should
+ collect statistics, which are shown during the unmount.
+ 1 means to collect statistics, 0 means not to collect
+ statistics
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/mb_group_prealloc
+Date: March 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ The multiblock allocator will round up allocation
+ requests to a multiple of this tuning parameter if the
+ stripe size is not set in the ext4 superblock
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/mb_max_to_scan
+Date: March 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ The maximum number of extents the multiblock allocator
+ will search to find the best extent
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/mb_min_to_scan
+Date: March 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ The minimum number of extents the multiblock allocator
+ will search to find the best extent
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/mb_order2_req
+Date: March 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ Tuning parameter which controls the minimum size for
+ requests (as a power of 2) where the buddy cache is
+ used
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/mb_stream_req
+Date: March 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ Files which have fewer blocks than this tunable
+ parameter will have their blocks allocated out of a
+ block group specific preallocation pool, so that small
+ files are packed closely together. Each large file
+ will have its blocks allocated out of its own unique
+ preallocation pool.
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/inode_readahead_blks
+Date: March 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ Tuning parameter which controls the maximum number of
+ inode table blocks that ext4's inode table readahead
+ algorithm will pre-read into the buffer cache
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/delayed_allocation_blocks
+Date: March 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ This file is read-only and shows the number of blocks
+ that are dirty in the page cache, but which do not
+ have their location in the filesystem allocated yet.
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/lifetime_write_kbytes
+Date: March 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ This file is read-only and shows the number of kilobytes
+ of data that have been written to this filesystem since it was
+ created.
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/session_write_kbytes
+Date: March 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ This file is read-only and shows the number of
+ kilobytes of data that have been written to this
+ filesystem since it was mounted.
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/inode_goal
+Date: June 2008
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ Tuning parameter which (if non-zero) controls the goal
+ inode used by the inode allocator in preference to
+ all other allocation heuristics. This is intended for
+ debugging use only, and should be 0 on production
+ systems.
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/max_writeback_mb_bump
+Date: September 2009
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ The maximum number of megabytes the writeback code will
+ try to write out before move on to another inode.
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/extent_max_zeroout_kb
+Date: August 2012
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ The maximum number of kilobytes which will be zeroed
+ out in preference to creating a new uninitialized
+ extent when manipulating an inode's extent tree. Note
+ that using a larger value will increase the
+ variability of time necessary to complete a random
+ write operation (since a 4k random write might turn
+ into a much larger write due to the zeroout
+ operation).
+
+What: /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/journal_task
+Date: February 2019
+Contact: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
+Description:
+ This file is read-only and shows the pid of journal thread in
+ current pid-namespace or 0 if task is unreachable.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b590809869ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs
@@ -0,0 +1,935 @@
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_max_sleep_time
+Date: July 2013
+Contact: "Namjae Jeon" <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the maximum sleep time for gc_thread. Time
+ is in milliseconds.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_min_sleep_time
+Date: July 2013
+Contact: "Namjae Jeon" <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the minimum sleep time for gc_thread. Time
+ is in milliseconds.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_no_gc_sleep_time
+Date: July 2013
+Contact: "Namjae Jeon" <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the default sleep time for gc_thread. Time
+ is in milliseconds.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_idle
+Date: July 2013
+Contact: "Namjae Jeon" <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the victim selection policy for garbage collection.
+ Setting gc_idle = 0(default) will disable this option. Setting:
+
+ =========== ===============================================
+ gc_idle = 1 will select the Cost Benefit approach & setting
+ gc_idle = 2 will select the greedy approach & setting
+ gc_idle = 3 will select the age-threshold based approach.
+ =========== ===============================================
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/reclaim_segments
+Date: October 2013
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk.kim@samsung.com>
+Description: This parameter controls the number of prefree segments to be
+ reclaimed. If the number of prefree segments is larger than
+ the number of segments in the proportion to the percentage
+ over total volume size, f2fs tries to conduct checkpoint to
+ reclaim the prefree segments to free segments.
+ By default, 5% over total # of segments.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/main_blkaddr
+Date: November 2019
+Contact: "Ramon Pantin" <pantin@google.com>
+Description: Shows first block address of MAIN area.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/ipu_policy
+Date: November 2013
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk.kim@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the in-place-update policy.
+ updates in f2fs. User can set:
+
+ ===== =============== ===================================================
+ value policy description
+ 0x00 DISABLE disable IPU(=default option in LFS mode)
+ 0x01 FORCE all the time
+ 0x02 SSR if SSR mode is activated
+ 0x04 UTIL if FS utilization is over threshold
+ 0x08 SSR_UTIL if SSR mode is activated and FS utilization is over
+ threshold
+ 0x10 FSYNC activated in fsync path only for high performance
+ flash storages. IPU will be triggered only if the
+ # of dirty pages over min_fsync_blocks.
+ (=default option)
+ 0x20 ASYNC do IPU given by asynchronous write requests
+ 0x40 NOCACHE disable IPU bio cache
+ 0x80 HONOR_OPU_WRITE use OPU write prior to IPU write if inode has
+ FI_OPU_WRITE flag
+ ===== =============== ===================================================
+
+ Refer segment.h for details.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/min_ipu_util
+Date: November 2013
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk.kim@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the FS utilization condition for the in-place-update
+ policies. It is used by F2FS_IPU_UTIL and F2FS_IPU_SSR_UTIL policies.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/min_fsync_blocks
+Date: September 2014
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Controls the dirty page count condition for the in-place-update
+ policies.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/min_seq_blocks
+Date: August 2018
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Controls the dirty page count condition for batched sequential
+ writes in writepages.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/min_hot_blocks
+Date: March 2017
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Controls the dirty page count condition for redefining hot data.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/min_ssr_sections
+Date: October 2017
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: Controls the free section threshold to trigger SSR allocation.
+ If this is large, SSR mode will be enabled early.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_small_discards
+Date: November 2013
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk.kim@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the issue rate of discard commands that consist of small
+ blocks less than 2MB. The candidates to be discarded are cached during
+ checkpoint, and issued by issue_discard thread after checkpoint.
+ It is enabled by default.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_ordered_discard
+Date: October 2022
+Contact: "Yangtao Li" <frank.li@vivo.com>
+Description: Controls the maximum ordered discard, the unit size is one block(4KB).
+ Set it to 16 by default.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_discard_request
+Date: December 2021
+Contact: "Konstantin Vyshetsky" <vkon@google.com>
+Description: Controls the number of discards a thread will issue at a time.
+ Higher number will allow the discard thread to finish its work
+ faster, at the cost of higher latency for incoming I/O.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/min_discard_issue_time
+Date: December 2021
+Contact: "Konstantin Vyshetsky" <vkon@google.com>
+Description: Controls the interval the discard thread will wait between
+ issuing discard requests when there are discards to be issued and
+ no I/O aware interruptions occur.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/mid_discard_issue_time
+Date: December 2021
+Contact: "Konstantin Vyshetsky" <vkon@google.com>
+Description: Controls the interval the discard thread will wait between
+ issuing discard requests when there are discards to be issued and
+ an I/O aware interruption occurs.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_discard_issue_time
+Date: December 2021
+Contact: "Konstantin Vyshetsky" <vkon@google.com>
+Description: Controls the interval the discard thread will wait when there are
+ no discard operations to be issued.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/discard_granularity
+Date: July 2017
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: Controls discard granularity of inner discard thread. Inner thread
+ will not issue discards with size that is smaller than granularity.
+ The unit size is one block(4KB), now only support configuring
+ in range of [1, 512]. Default value is 16.
+ For small devices, default value is 1.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/umount_discard_timeout
+Date: January 2019
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Set timeout to issue discard commands during umount.
+ Default: 5 secs
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/pending_discard
+Date: November 2021
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Shows the number of pending discard commands in the queue.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_victim_search
+Date: January 2014
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk.kim@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the number of trials to find a victim segment
+ when conducting SSR and cleaning operations. The default value
+ is 4096 which covers 8GB block address range.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/migration_granularity
+Date: October 2018
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: Controls migration granularity of garbage collection on large
+ section, it can let GC move partial segment{s} of one section
+ in one GC cycle, so that dispersing heavy overhead GC to
+ multiple lightweight one.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/dir_level
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk.kim@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the directory level for large directory. If a
+ directory has a number of files, it can reduce the file lookup
+ latency by increasing this dir_level value. Otherwise, it
+ needs to decrease this value to reduce the space overhead.
+ The default value is 0.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/ram_thresh
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk.kim@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the memory footprint used by free nids and cached
+ nat entries. By default, 1 is set, which indicates
+ 10 MB / 1 GB RAM.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/cp_interval
+Date: October 2015
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Controls the checkpoint timing, set to 60 seconds by default.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/idle_interval
+Date: January 2016
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Controls the idle timing of system, if there is no FS operation
+ during given interval.
+ Set to 5 seconds by default.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/discard_idle_interval
+Date: September 2018
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Contact: "Sahitya Tummala" <quic_stummala@quicinc.com>
+Description: Controls the idle timing of discard thread given
+ this time interval.
+ Default is 5 secs.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_idle_interval
+Date: September 2018
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Contact: "Sahitya Tummala" <quic_stummala@quicinc.com>
+Description: Controls the idle timing for gc path. Set to 5 seconds by default.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/iostat_enable
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: Controls to enable/disable IO stat.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/ra_nid_pages
+Date: October 2015
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao2.yu@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls the count of nid pages to be readaheaded.
+ When building free nids, F2FS reads NAT blocks ahead for
+ speed up. Default is 0.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/dirty_nats_ratio
+Date: January 2016
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao2.yu@samsung.com>
+Description: Controls dirty nat entries ratio threshold, if current
+ ratio exceeds configured threshold, checkpoint will
+ be triggered for flushing dirty nat entries.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/lifetime_write_kbytes
+Date: January 2016
+Contact: "Shuoran Liu" <liushuoran@huawei.com>
+Description: Shows total written kbytes issued to disk.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/features
+Date: July 2017
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: <deprecated: should use /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/feature_list/>
+ Shows all enabled features in current device.
+ Supported features:
+ encryption, blkzoned, extra_attr, projquota, inode_checksum,
+ flexible_inline_xattr, quota_ino, inode_crtime, lost_found,
+ verity, sb_checksum, casefold, readonly, compression, pin_file.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/feature_list/
+Date: June 2021
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Expand /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/features to meet sysfs rule.
+ Supported on-disk features:
+ encryption, block_zoned (aka blkzoned), extra_attr,
+ project_quota (aka projquota), inode_checksum,
+ flexible_inline_xattr, quota_ino, inode_crtime, lost_found,
+ verity, sb_checksum, casefold, readonly, compression.
+ Note that, pin_file is moved into /sys/fs/f2fs/features/.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/features/
+Date: July 2017
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Shows all enabled kernel features.
+ Supported features:
+ encryption, block_zoned, extra_attr, project_quota,
+ inode_checksum, flexible_inline_xattr, quota_ino,
+ inode_crtime, lost_found, verity, sb_checksum,
+ casefold, readonly, compression, test_dummy_encryption_v2,
+ atomic_write, pin_file, encrypted_casefold, linear_lookup.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/inject_rate
+Date: May 2016
+Contact: "Sheng Yong" <shengyong1@huawei.com>
+Description: Controls the injection rate of arbitrary faults.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/inject_type
+Date: May 2016
+Contact: "Sheng Yong" <shengyong1@huawei.com>
+Description: Controls the injection type of arbitrary faults.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/dirty_segments
+Date: October 2017
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Shows the number of dirty segments.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/reserved_blocks
+Date: June 2017
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: Controls target reserved blocks in system, the threshold
+ is soft, it could exceed current available user space.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/current_reserved_blocks
+Date: October 2017
+Contact: "Yunlong Song" <yunlong.song@huawei.com>
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: Shows current reserved blocks in system, it may be temporarily
+ smaller than target_reserved_blocks, but will gradually
+ increase to target_reserved_blocks when more free blocks are
+ freed by user later.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_urgent
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Do background GC aggressively when set. Set to 0 by default.
+ gc urgent high(1): does GC forcibly in a period of given
+ gc_urgent_sleep_time and ignores I/O idling check. uses greedy
+ GC approach and turns SSR mode on.
+ gc urgent low(2): lowers the bar of checking I/O idling in
+ order to process outstanding discard commands and GC a
+ little bit aggressively. always uses cost benefit GC approach,
+ and will override age-threshold GC approach if ATGC is enabled
+ at the same time.
+ gc urgent mid(3): does GC forcibly in a period of given
+ gc_urgent_sleep_time and executes a mid level of I/O idling check.
+ always uses cost benefit GC approach, and will override
+ age-threshold GC approach if ATGC is enabled at the same time.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_urgent_sleep_time
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Controls sleep time of GC urgent mode. Set to 500ms by default.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/readdir_ra
+Date: November 2017
+Contact: "Sheng Yong" <shengyong1@huawei.com>
+Description: Controls readahead inode block in readdir. Enabled by default.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_pin_file_thresh
+Date: January 2018
+Contact: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: This indicates how many GC can be failed for the pinned
+ file. If it exceeds this, F2FS doesn't guarantee its pinning
+ state. 2048 trials is set by default, and 65535 as maximum.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/extension_list
+Date: February 2018
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: Used to control configure extension list:
+ - Query: cat /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/extension_list
+ - Add: echo '[h/c]extension' > /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/extension_list
+ - Del: echo '[h/c]!extension' > /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/extension_list
+ - [h] means add/del hot file extension
+ - [c] means add/del cold file extension
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/unusable
+Date: April 2019
+Contact: "Daniel Rosenberg" <drosen@google.com>
+Description: If checkpoint=disable, it displays the number of blocks that
+ are unusable.
+ If checkpoint=enable it displays the number of blocks that
+ would be unusable if checkpoint=disable were to be set.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/encoding
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: "Daniel Rosenberg" <drosen@google.com>
+Description: Displays name and version of the encoding set for the filesystem.
+ If no encoding is set, displays (none)
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/free_segments
+Date: September 2019
+Contact: "Hridya Valsaraju" <hridya@google.com>
+Description: Number of free segments in disk.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/cp_foreground_calls
+Date: September 2019
+Contact: "Hridya Valsaraju" <hridya@google.com>
+Description: Number of checkpoint operations performed on demand. Available when
+ CONFIG_F2FS_STAT_FS=y.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/cp_background_calls
+Date: September 2019
+Contact: "Hridya Valsaraju" <hridya@google.com>
+Description: Number of checkpoint operations performed in the background to
+ free segments. Available when CONFIG_F2FS_STAT_FS=y.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_foreground_calls
+Date: September 2019
+Contact: "Hridya Valsaraju" <hridya@google.com>
+Description: Number of garbage collection operations performed on demand.
+ Available when CONFIG_F2FS_STAT_FS=y.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_background_calls
+Date: September 2019
+Contact: "Hridya Valsaraju" <hridya@google.com>
+Description: Number of garbage collection operations triggered in background.
+ Available when CONFIG_F2FS_STAT_FS=y.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/moved_blocks_foreground
+Date: September 2019
+Contact: "Hridya Valsaraju" <hridya@google.com>
+Description: Number of blocks moved by garbage collection in foreground.
+ Available when CONFIG_F2FS_STAT_FS=y.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/moved_blocks_background
+Date: September 2019
+Contact: "Hridya Valsaraju" <hridya@google.com>
+Description: Number of blocks moved by garbage collection in background.
+ Available when CONFIG_F2FS_STAT_FS=y.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/avg_vblocks
+Date: September 2019
+Contact: "Hridya Valsaraju" <hridya@google.com>
+Description: Average number of valid blocks.
+ Available when CONFIG_F2FS_STAT_FS=y.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/mounted_time_sec
+Date: February 2020
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Show the mounted time in secs of this partition.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/data_io_flag
+Date: April 2020
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Give a way to attach REQ_META|FUA to data writes
+ given temperature-based bits. Now the bits indicate:
+
+ +-------------------+-------------------+
+ | REQ_META | REQ_FUA |
+ +------+------+-----+------+------+-----+
+ | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
+ +------+------+-----+------+------+-----+
+ | Cold | Warm | Hot | Cold | Warm | Hot |
+ +------+------+-----+------+------+-----+
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/node_io_flag
+Date: June 2020
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Give a way to attach REQ_META|FUA to node writes
+ given temperature-based bits. Now the bits indicate:
+
+ +-------------------+-------------------+
+ | REQ_META | REQ_FUA |
+ +------+------+-----+------+------+-----+
+ | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
+ +------+------+-----+------+------+-----+
+ | Cold | Warm | Hot | Cold | Warm | Hot |
+ +------+------+-----+------+------+-----+
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/iostat_period_ms
+Date: April 2020
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Give a way to change iostat_period time. 3secs by default.
+ The new iostat trace gives stats gap given the period.
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_io_bytes
+Date: December 2020
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: This gives a control to limit the bio size in f2fs.
+ Default is zero, which will follow underlying block layer limit,
+ whereas, if it has a certain bytes value, f2fs won't submit a
+ bio larger than that size.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/stat/sb_status
+Date: December 2020
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: Show status of f2fs superblock in real time.
+
+ ====== ===================== =================================
+ value sb status macro description
+ 0x1 SBI_IS_DIRTY dirty flag for checkpoint
+ 0x2 SBI_IS_CLOSE specify unmounting
+ 0x4 SBI_NEED_FSCK need fsck.f2fs to fix
+ 0x8 SBI_POR_DOING recovery is doing or not
+ 0x10 SBI_NEED_SB_WRITE need to recover superblock
+ 0x20 SBI_NEED_CP need to checkpoint
+ 0x40 SBI_IS_SHUTDOWN shutdown by ioctl
+ 0x80 SBI_IS_RECOVERED recovered orphan/data
+ 0x100 SBI_CP_DISABLED CP was disabled last mount
+ 0x200 SBI_CP_DISABLED_QUICK CP was disabled quickly
+ 0x400 SBI_QUOTA_NEED_FLUSH need to flush quota info in CP
+ 0x800 SBI_QUOTA_SKIP_FLUSH skip flushing quota in current CP
+ 0x1000 SBI_QUOTA_NEED_REPAIR quota file may be corrupted
+ 0x2000 SBI_IS_RESIZEFS resizefs is in process
+ 0x4000 SBI_IS_FREEZING freefs is in process
+ ====== ===================== =================================
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/stat/cp_status
+Date: September 2022
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao.yu@oppo.com>
+Description: Show status of f2fs checkpoint in real time.
+
+ =============================== ==============================
+ cp flag value
+ CP_UMOUNT_FLAG 0x00000001
+ CP_ORPHAN_PRESENT_FLAG 0x00000002
+ CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG 0x00000004
+ CP_ERROR_FLAG 0x00000008
+ CP_FSCK_FLAG 0x00000010
+ CP_FASTBOOT_FLAG 0x00000020
+ CP_CRC_RECOVERY_FLAG 0x00000040
+ CP_NAT_BITS_FLAG 0x00000080
+ CP_TRIMMED_FLAG 0x00000100
+ CP_NOCRC_RECOVERY_FLAG 0x00000200
+ CP_LARGE_NAT_BITMAP_FLAG 0x00000400
+ CP_QUOTA_NEED_FSCK_FLAG 0x00000800
+ CP_DISABLED_FLAG 0x00001000
+ CP_DISABLED_QUICK_FLAG 0x00002000
+ CP_RESIZEFS_FLAG 0x00004000
+ =============================== ==============================
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/stat/issued_discard
+Date: December 2023
+Contact: "Zhiguo Niu" <zhiguo.niu@unisoc.com>
+Description: Shows the number of issued discard.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/stat/queued_discard
+Date: December 2023
+Contact: "Zhiguo Niu" <zhiguo.niu@unisoc.com>
+Description: Shows the number of queued discard.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/stat/undiscard_blks
+Date: December 2023
+Contact: "Zhiguo Niu" <zhiguo.niu@unisoc.com>
+Description: Shows the total number of undiscard blocks.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/ckpt_thread_ioprio
+Date: January 2021
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Give a way to change checkpoint merge daemon's io priority.
+ Its default value is "be,3", which means "BE" I/O class and
+ I/O priority "3". We can select the class between "rt" and "be",
+ and set the I/O priority within valid range of it. "," delimiter
+ is necessary in between I/O class and priority number.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/ovp_segments
+Date: March 2021
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Shows the number of overprovision segments.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/compr_written_block
+Date: March 2021
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Show the block count written after compression since mount. Note
+ that when the compressed blocks are deleted, this count doesn't
+ decrease. If you write "0" here, you can initialize
+ compr_written_block and compr_saved_block to "0".
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/compr_saved_block
+Date: March 2021
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Show the saved block count with compression since mount. Note
+ that when the compressed blocks are deleted, this count doesn't
+ decrease. If you write "0" here, you can initialize
+ compr_written_block and compr_saved_block to "0".
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/compr_new_inode
+Date: March 2021
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Show the count of inode newly enabled for compression since mount.
+ Note that when the compression is disabled for the files, this count
+ doesn't decrease. If you write "0" here, you can initialize
+ compr_new_inode to "0".
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/atgc_candidate_ratio
+Date: May 2021
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: When ATGC is on, it controls candidate ratio in order to limit total
+ number of potential victim in all candidates, the value should be in
+ range of [0, 100], by default it was initialized as 20(%).
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/atgc_candidate_count
+Date: May 2021
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: When ATGC is on, it controls candidate count in order to limit total
+ number of potential victim in all candidates, by default it was
+ initialized as 10 (sections).
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/atgc_age_weight
+Date: May 2021
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: When ATGC is on, it controls age weight to balance weight proportion
+ in between aging and valid blocks, the value should be in range of
+ [0, 100], by default it was initialized as 60(%).
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/atgc_age_threshold
+Date: May 2021
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
+Description: When ATGC is on, it controls age threshold to bypass GCing young
+ candidates whose age is not beyond the threshold, by default it was
+ initialized as 604800 seconds (equals to 7 days).
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/atgc_enabled
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: "Jinbao Liu" <liujinbao1@xiaomi.com>
+Description: It represents whether ATGC is on or off. The value is 1 which
+ indicates that ATGC is on, and 0 indicates that it is off.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_reclaimed_segments
+Date: July 2021
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Show how many segments have been reclaimed by GC during a specific
+ GC mode (0: GC normal, 1: GC idle CB, 2: GC idle greedy,
+ 3: GC idle AT, 4: GC urgent high, 5: GC urgent low 6: GC urgent mid)
+ You can re-initialize this value to "0".
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_segment_mode
+Date: July 2021
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: You can control for which gc mode the "gc_reclaimed_segments" node shows.
+ Refer to the description of the modes in "gc_reclaimed_segments".
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/seq_file_ra_mul
+Date: July 2021
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: You can control the multiplier value of bdi device readahead window size
+ between 2 (default) and 256 for POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL advise option.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_fragment_chunk
+Date: August 2021
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: With "mode=fragment:block" mount options, we can scatter block allocation.
+ f2fs will allocate 1..<max_fragment_chunk> blocks in a chunk and make a hole
+ in the length of 1..<max_fragment_hole> by turns. This value can be set
+ between 1..512 and the default value is 4.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_fragment_hole
+Date: August 2021
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: With "mode=fragment:block" mount options, we can scatter block allocation.
+ f2fs will allocate 1..<max_fragment_chunk> blocks in a chunk and make a hole
+ in the length of 1..<max_fragment_hole> by turns. This value can be set
+ between 1..512 and the default value is 4.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_remaining_trials
+Date: October 2022
+Contact: "Yangtao Li" <frank.li@vivo.com>
+Description: You can set the trial count limit for GC urgent and idle mode with this value.
+ If GC thread gets to the limit, the mode will turn back to GC normal mode.
+ By default, the value is zero, which means there is no limit like before.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_roll_forward_node_blocks
+Date: January 2022
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Controls max # of node block writes to be used for roll forward
+ recovery. This can limit the roll forward recovery time.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/unusable_blocks_per_sec
+Date: June 2022
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: Shows the number of unusable blocks in a section which was defined by
+ the zone capacity reported by underlying zoned device.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/current_atomic_write
+Date: July 2022
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Show the total current atomic write block count, which is not committed yet.
+ This is a read-only entry.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/peak_atomic_write
+Date: July 2022
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Show the peak value of total current atomic write block count after boot.
+ If you write "0" here, you can initialize to "0".
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/committed_atomic_block
+Date: July 2022
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Show the accumulated total committed atomic write block count after boot.
+ If you write "0" here, you can initialize to "0".
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/revoked_atomic_block
+Date: July 2022
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Show the accumulated total revoked atomic write block count after boot.
+ If you write "0" here, you can initialize to "0".
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_mode
+Date: October 2022
+Contact: "Yangtao Li" <frank.li@vivo.com>
+Description: Show the current gc_mode as a string.
+ This is a read-only entry.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/discard_urgent_util
+Date: November 2022
+Contact: "Yangtao Li" <frank.li@vivo.com>
+Description: When space utilization exceeds this, do background DISCARD aggressively.
+ Does DISCARD forcibly in a period of given min_discard_issue_time when the number
+ of discards is not 0 and set discard granularity to 1.
+ Default: 80
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/hot_data_age_threshold
+Date: November 2022
+Contact: "Ping Xiong" <xiongping1@xiaomi.com>
+Description: When DATA SEPARATION is on, it controls the age threshold to indicate
+ the data blocks as hot. By default it was initialized as 262144 blocks
+ (equals to 1GB).
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/warm_data_age_threshold
+Date: November 2022
+Contact: "Ping Xiong" <xiongping1@xiaomi.com>
+Description: When DATA SEPARATION is on, it controls the age threshold to indicate
+ the data blocks as warm. By default it was initialized as 2621440 blocks
+ (equals to 10GB).
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/fault_rate
+Date: May 2016
+Contact: "Sheng Yong" <shengyong@oppo.com>
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description: Enable fault injection in all supported types with
+ specified injection rate.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/fault_type
+Date: May 2016
+Contact: "Sheng Yong" <shengyong@oppo.com>
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description: Support configuring fault injection type, should be
+ enabled with fault_injection option, fault type value
+ is shown below, it supports single or combined type.
+
+ =========================== ==========
+ Type_Name Type_Value
+ =========================== ==========
+ FAULT_KMALLOC 0x00000001
+ FAULT_KVMALLOC 0x00000002
+ FAULT_PAGE_ALLOC 0x00000004
+ FAULT_PAGE_GET 0x00000008
+ FAULT_ALLOC_BIO 0x00000010 (obsolete)
+ FAULT_ALLOC_NID 0x00000020
+ FAULT_ORPHAN 0x00000040
+ FAULT_BLOCK 0x00000080
+ FAULT_DIR_DEPTH 0x00000100
+ FAULT_EVICT_INODE 0x00000200
+ FAULT_TRUNCATE 0x00000400
+ FAULT_READ_IO 0x00000800
+ FAULT_CHECKPOINT 0x00001000
+ FAULT_DISCARD 0x00002000
+ FAULT_WRITE_IO 0x00004000
+ FAULT_SLAB_ALLOC 0x00008000
+ FAULT_DQUOT_INIT 0x00010000
+ FAULT_LOCK_OP 0x00020000
+ FAULT_BLKADDR_VALIDITY 0x00040000
+ FAULT_BLKADDR_CONSISTENCE 0x00080000
+ FAULT_NO_SEGMENT 0x00100000
+ FAULT_INCONSISTENT_FOOTER 0x00200000
+ FAULT_TIMEOUT 0x00400000 (1000ms)
+ FAULT_VMALLOC 0x00800000
+ =========================== ==========
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/discard_io_aware_gran
+Date: January 2023
+Contact: "Yangtao Li" <frank.li@vivo.com>
+Description: Controls background discard granularity of inner discard thread
+ when is not in idle. Inner thread will not issue discards with size that
+ is smaller than granularity. The unit size is one block(4KB), now only
+ support configuring in range of [0, 512].
+ Default: 512
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/last_age_weight
+Date: January 2023
+Contact: "Ping Xiong" <xiongping1@xiaomi.com>
+Description: When DATA SEPARATION is on, it controls the weight of last data block age.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/compress_watermark
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: "Yangtao Li" <frank.li@vivo.com>
+Description: When compress cache is on, it controls free memory watermark
+ in order to limit caching compress page. If free memory is lower
+ than watermark, then deny caching compress page. The value should be in
+ range of (0, 100], by default it was initialized as 20(%).
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/compress_percent
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: "Yangtao Li" <frank.li@vivo.com>
+Description: When compress cache is on, it controls cached page
+ percent(compress pages / free_ram) in order to limit caching compress page.
+ If cached page percent exceed threshold, then deny caching compress page.
+ The value should be in range of (0, 100], by default it was initialized
+ as 20(%).
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/discard_io_aware
+Date: November 2023
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description: It controls to enable/disable IO aware feature for background discard.
+ By default, the value is 1 which indicates IO aware is on.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/blkzone_alloc_policy
+Date: July 2024
+Contact: "Yuanhong Liao" <liaoyuanhong@vivo.com>
+Description: The zone UFS we are currently using consists of two parts:
+ conventional zones and sequential zones. It can be used to control which part
+ to prioritize for writes, with a default value of 0.
+
+ ======================== =========================================
+ value description
+ blkzone_alloc_policy = 0 Prioritize writing to sequential zones
+ blkzone_alloc_policy = 1 Only allow writing to sequential zones
+ blkzone_alloc_policy = 2 Prioritize writing to conventional zones
+ ======================== =========================================
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/migration_window_granularity
+Date: September 2024
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Controls migration window granularity of garbage collection on large
+ section. it can control the scanning window granularity for GC migration
+ in a unit of segment, while migration_granularity controls the number
+ of segments which can be migrated at the same turn.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/reserved_segments
+Date: September 2024
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: In order to fine tune GC behavior, we can control the number of
+ reserved segments.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_no_zoned_gc_percent
+Date: September 2024
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: If the percentage of free sections over total sections is above this
+ number, F2FS do not garbage collection for zoned devices through the
+ background GC thread. the default number is "60".
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_boost_zoned_gc_percent
+Date: September 2024
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: If the percentage of free sections over total sections is under this
+ number, F2FS boosts garbage collection for zoned devices through the
+ background GC thread. the default number is "25".
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_valid_thresh_ratio
+Date: September 2024
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: It controls the valid block ratio threshold not to trigger excessive GC
+ for zoned devices. The initial value of it is 95(%). F2FS will stop the
+ background GC thread from initiating GC for sections having valid blocks
+ exceeding the ratio.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_read_extent_count
+Date: November 2024
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description: It controls max read extent count for per-inode, the value of threshold
+ is 10240 by default.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/tuning/reclaim_caches_kb
+Date: February 2025
+Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
+Description: It reclaims the given KBs of file-backed pages registered by
+ ioctl(F2FS_IOC_DONATE_RANGE).
+ For example, writing N tries to drop N KBs spaces in LRU.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/carve_out
+Date: March 2025
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: For several zoned storage devices, vendors will provide extra space which
+ was used for device level GC than specs and F2FS can use this space for
+ filesystem level GC. To do that, we can reserve the space using
+ reserved_blocks. However, it is not enough, since this extra space should
+ not be shown to users. So, with this new sysfs node, we can hide the space
+ by subtracting reserved_blocks from total bytes.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/encoding_flags
+Date: April 2025
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description: This is a read-only entry to show the value of sb.s_encoding_flags, the
+ value is hexadecimal.
+
+ ============================ ==========
+ Flag_Name Flag_Value
+ ============================ ==========
+ SB_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL 0x00000001
+ SB_ENC_NO_COMPAT_FALLBACK_FL 0x00000002
+ ============================ ==========
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/reserved_pin_section
+Date: June 2025
+Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description: This threshold is used to control triggering garbage collection while
+ fallocating on pinned file, so, it can guarantee there is enough free
+ reserved section before preallocating on pinned file.
+ By default, the value is ovp_sections, especially, for zoned ufs, the
+ value is 1.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_boost_gc_multiple
+Date: June 2025
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Set a multiplier for the background GC migration window when F2FS GC is
+ boosted. The range should be from 1 to the segment count in a section.
+ Default: 5
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_boost_gc_greedy
+Date: June 2025
+Contact: "Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
+Description: Control GC algorithm for boost GC. 0: cost benefit, 1: greedy
+ Default: 1
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/effective_lookup_mode
+Date: August 2025
+Contact: "Daniel Lee" <chullee@google.com>
+Description:
+ This is a read-only entry to show the effective directory lookup mode
+ F2FS is currently using for casefolded directories.
+ This considers both the "lookup_mode" mount option and the on-disk
+ encoding flag, SB_ENC_NO_COMPAT_FALLBACK_FL.
+
+ Possible values are:
+ - "perf": Hash-only lookup.
+ - "compat": Hash-based lookup with a linear search fallback enabled
+ - "auto:perf": lookup_mode is auto and fallback is disabled on-disk
+ - "auto:compat": lookup_mode is auto and fallback is enabled on-disk
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/bggc_io_aware
+Date: August 2025
+Contact: "Liao Yuanhong" <liaoyuanhong@vivo.com>
+Description: Used to adjust the BG_GC priority when pending IO, with a default value
+ of 0. Specifically, for ZUFS, the default value is 1.
+
+ ================== ======================================================
+ value description
+ bggc_io_aware = 0 skip background GC if there is any kind of pending IO
+ bggc_io_aware = 1 skip background GC if there is pending read IO
+ bggc_io_aware = 2 don't aware IO for background GC
+ ================== ======================================================
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/allocate_section_hint
+Date: August 2025
+Contact: "Liao Yuanhong" <liaoyuanhong@vivo.com>
+Description: Indicates the hint section between the first device and others in multi-devices
+ setup. It defaults to the end of the first device in sections. For a single storage
+ device, it defaults to the total number of sections. It can be manually set to match
+ scenarios where multi-devices are mapped to the same dm device.
+
+What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/allocate_section_policy
+Date: August 2025
+Contact: "Liao Yuanhong" <liaoyuanhong@vivo.com>
+Description: Controls write priority in multi-devices setups. A value of 0 means normal writing.
+ A value of 1 prioritizes writing to devices before the allocate_section_hint. A value of 2
+ prioritizes writing to devices after the allocate_section_hint. The default is 0.
+
+ =========================== ==========================================================
+ value description
+ allocate_section_policy = 0 Normal writing
+ allocate_section_policy = 1 Prioritize writing to section before allocate_section_hint
+ allocate_section_policy = 2 Prioritize writing to section after allocate_section_hint
+ =========================== ==========================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-nilfs2 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-nilfs2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..304ba84a973a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-nilfs2
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/features/revision
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show current revision of NILFS file system driver.
+ This value informs about file system revision that
+ driver is ready to support.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/features/README
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Describe attributes of /sys/fs/nilfs2/features group.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/revision
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show NILFS file system revision on volume.
+ This value informs about metadata structures'
+ revision on mounted volume.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/blocksize
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show volume's block size in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/device_size
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show volume size in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/free_blocks
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show count of free blocks on volume.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/uuid
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show volume's UUID (Universally Unique Identifier).
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/volume_name
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show volume's label.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/README
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Describe attributes of /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device> group.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/superblock/sb_write_time
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show last write time of super block in human-readable
+ format.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/superblock/sb_write_time_secs
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show last write time of super block in seconds.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/superblock/sb_write_count
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show current write count of super block.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/superblock/sb_update_frequency
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show/Set interval of periodical update of superblock
+ (in seconds).
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/superblock/README
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Describe attributes of /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/superblock
+ group.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/last_pseg_block
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show start block number of the latest segment.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/last_seg_sequence
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show sequence value of the latest segment.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/last_seg_checkpoint
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show checkpoint number of the latest segment.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/current_seg_sequence
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show segment sequence counter.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/current_last_full_seg
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show index number of the latest full segment.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/next_full_seg
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show index number of the full segment index
+ to be used next.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/next_pseg_offset
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show offset of next partial segment in the current
+ full segment.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/next_checkpoint
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show next checkpoint number.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/last_seg_write_time
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show write time of the last segment in
+ human-readable format.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/last_seg_write_time_secs
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show write time of the last segment in seconds.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/last_nongc_write_time
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show write time of the last segment not for cleaner
+ operation in human-readable format.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/last_nongc_write_time_secs
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show write time of the last segment not for cleaner
+ operation in seconds.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/dirty_data_blocks_count
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show number of dirty data blocks.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor/README
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Describe attributes of /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segctor
+ group.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segments/segments_number
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show number of segments on a volume.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segments/blocks_per_segment
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show number of blocks in segment.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segments/clean_segments
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show count of clean segments.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segments/dirty_segments
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show count of dirty segments.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segments/README
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Describe attributes of /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/segments
+ group.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/checkpoints/checkpoints_number
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show number of checkpoints on volume.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/checkpoints/snapshots_number
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show number of snapshots on volume.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/checkpoints/last_seg_checkpoint
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show checkpoint number of the latest segment.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/checkpoints/next_checkpoint
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show next checkpoint number.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/checkpoints/README
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Describe attributes of /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/checkpoints
+ group.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/mounted_snapshots/README
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Describe content of /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/mounted_snapshots
+ group.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/mounted_snapshots/<id>/inodes_count
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show number of inodes for snapshot.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/mounted_snapshots/<id>/blocks_count
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Show number of blocks for snapshot.
+
+What: /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/mounted_snapshots/<id>/README
+Date: April 2014
+Contact: "Vyacheslav Dubeyko" <slava@dubeyko.com>
+Description:
+ Describe attributes of /sys/fs/nilfs2/<device>/mounted_snapshots/<id>
+ group.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-ubifs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-ubifs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..af5afda30220
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-ubifs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+What: /sys/fs/ubifsX_Y/error_magic
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Exposes magic errors: every node starts with a magic number.
+
+ This counter keeps track of the number of accesses of nodes
+ with a corrupted magic number.
+
+ The counter is reset to 0 with a remount.
+
+What: /sys/fs/ubifsX_Y/error_node
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Exposes node errors. Every node embeds its type.
+
+ This counter keeps track of the number of accesses of nodes
+ with a corrupted node type.
+
+ The counter is reset to 0 with a remount.
+
+What: /sys/fs/ubifsX_Y/error_crc
+Date: October 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.16
+Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org
+Description:
+ Exposes crc errors: every node embeds a crc checksum.
+
+ This counter keeps track of the number of accesses of nodes
+ with a bad crc checksum.
+
+ The counter is reset to 0 with a remount.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-virtiofs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-virtiofs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4839dbce997e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-virtiofs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+What: /sys/fs/virtiofs/<n>/tag
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: virtio-fs@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ [RO] The mount "tag" that can be used to mount this filesystem.
+
+What: /sys/fs/virtiofs/<n>/device
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: virtio-fs@lists.linux.dev
+Description:
+ Symlink to the virtio device that exports this filesystem.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-xfs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-xfs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7da4de948b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-xfs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+What: /sys/fs/xfs/<disk>/log/log_head_lsn
+Date: July 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The log sequence number (LSN) of the current head of the
+ log. The LSN is exported in "cycle:basic block" format.
+Users: xfstests
+
+What: /sys/fs/xfs/<disk>/log/log_tail_lsn
+Date: July 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The log sequence number (LSN) of the current tail of the
+ log. The LSN is exported in "cycle:basic block" format.
+
+What: /sys/fs/xfs/<disk>/log/reserve_grant_head_bytes
+Date: June 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The current state of the log reserve grant head. It
+ represents the total log reservation of all currently
+ outstanding transactions in bytes.
+Users: xfstests
+
+What: /sys/fs/xfs/<disk>/log/write_grant_head_bytes
+Date: June 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11
+Contact: linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The current state of the log write grant head. It
+ represents the total log reservation of all currently
+ outstanding transactions, including regrants due to
+ rolling transactions in bytes.
+Users: xfstests
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-gpio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-gpio
deleted file mode 100644
index 8aab8092ad35..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-gpio
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-What: /sys/class/gpio/
-Date: July 2008
-KernelVersion: 2.6.27
-Contact: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
-Description:
-
- As a Kconfig option, individual GPIO signals may be accessed from
- userspace. GPIOs are only made available to userspace by an explicit
- "export" operation. If a given GPIO is not claimed for use by
- kernel code, it may be exported by userspace (and unexported later).
- Kernel code may export it for complete or partial access.
-
- GPIOs are identified as they are inside the kernel, using integers in
- the range 0..INT_MAX. See Documentation/gpio.txt for more information.
-
- /sys/class/gpio
- /export ... asks the kernel to export a GPIO to userspace
- /unexport ... to return a GPIO to the kernel
- /gpioN ... for each exported GPIO #N
- /value ... always readable, writes fail for input GPIOs
- /direction ... r/w as: in, out (default low); write: high, low
- /gpiochipN ... for each gpiochip; #N is its first GPIO
- /base ... (r/o) same as N
- /label ... (r/o) descriptive, not necessarily unique
- /ngpio ... (r/o) number of GPIOs; numbered N to N + (ngpio - 1)
-
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-hypervisor-xen b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-hypervisor-xen
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4dbe0c49b393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-hypervisor-xen
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+What: /sys/hypervisor/guest_type
+Date: June 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Type of guest:
+ "Xen": standard guest type on arm
+ "HVM": fully virtualized guest (x86)
+ "PV": paravirtualized guest (x86)
+ "PVH": fully virtualized guest without legacy emulation (x86)
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/pmu/pmu_mode
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Describes mode that Xen's performance-monitoring unit (PMU)
+ uses. Accepted values are:
+
+ ====== ============================================
+ "off" PMU is disabled
+ "self" The guest can profile itself
+ "hv" The guest can profile itself and, if it is
+ privileged (e.g. dom0), the hypervisor
+ "all" The guest can profile itself, the hypervisor
+ and all other guests. Only available to
+ privileged guests.
+ ====== ============================================
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/pmu/pmu_features
+Date: August 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.3
+Contact: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Describes Xen PMU features (as an integer). A set bit indicates
+ that the corresponding feature is enabled. See
+ include/xen/interface/xenpmu.h for available features
+
+What: /sys/hypervisor/properties/buildid
+Date: June 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
+Description: If running under Xen:
+ Build id of the hypervisor, needed for hypervisor live patching.
+ Might return "<denied>" in case of special security settings
+ in the hypervisor.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ibft b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ibft
index c2b7d1154bec..7d6725fe6143 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ibft
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ibft
@@ -20,4 +20,14 @@ Date: November 2007
Contact: Konrad Rzeszutek <ketuzsezr@darnok.org>
Description: The /sys/firmware/ibft/ethernetX directory will contain
files that expose the iSCSI Boot Firmware Table NIC data.
- This can this can the IP address, MAC, and gateway of the NIC.
+ Usually this contains the IP address, MAC, and gateway of the NIC.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/ibft/acpi_header
+Date: March 2016
+Contact: David Bond <dbond@suse.com>
+Description: The /sys/firmware/ibft/acpi_header directory will contain files
+ that expose the SIGNATURE, OEM_ID, and OEM_TABLE_ID fields of the
+ acpi table header of the iBFT structure. This will allow for
+ identification of the creator of the table which is useful in
+ determining quirks associated with some adapters when used in
+ hardware vs software iscsi initiator mode.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-address_bits b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-address_bits
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3b72e48086aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-address_bits
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/address_bits
+Date: May 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.3
+Contact: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
+Description:
+ The address size of the running kernel in bits.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+Users: util-linux
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-boot_params b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-boot_params
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7f9bda453c4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-boot_params
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/boot_params
+Date: December 2013
+Contact: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
+Description: The /sys/kernel/boot_params directory contains two
+ files: "data" and "version" and one subdirectory "setup_data".
+ It is used to export the kernel boot parameters of an x86
+ platform to userspace for kexec and debugging purpose.
+
+ If there's no setup_data in boot_params the subdirectory will
+ not be created.
+
+ "data" file is the binary representation of struct boot_params.
+
+ "version" file is the string representation of boot
+ protocol version.
+
+ "setup_data" subdirectory contains the setup_data data
+ structure in boot_params. setup_data is maintained in kernel
+ as a link list. In "setup_data" subdirectory there's one
+ subdirectory for each link list node named with the number
+ of the list nodes. The list node subdirectory contains two
+ files "type" and "data". "type" file is the string
+ representation of setup_data type. "data" file is the binary
+ representation of setup_data payload.
+
+ The whole boot_params directory structure is like below::
+
+ /sys/kernel/boot_params
+ |__ data
+ |__ setup_data
+ | |__ 0
+ | | |__ data
+ | | |__ type
+ | |__ 1
+ | |__ data
+ | |__ type
+ |__ version
+
+Users: Kexec
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-btf b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-btf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fe96efdc9b6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-btf
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/btf
+Date: Aug 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: bpf@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Contains BTF type information and related data for kernel and
+ kernel modules.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux
+Date: Aug 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: bpf@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only binary attribute exposing kernel's own BTF type
+ information with description of all internal kernel types. See
+ Documentation/bpf/btf.rst for detailed description of format
+ itself.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/btf/<module-name>
+Date: Nov 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: bpf@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Read-only binary attribute exposing kernel module's BTF type
+ information as an add-on to the kernel's BTF (/sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-cpu_byteorder b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-cpu_byteorder
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f0e6ac1b5356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-cpu_byteorder
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/cpu_byteorder
+Date: February 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
+Description:
+ The endianness of the running kernel.
+
+ Access: Read
+
+ Valid values:
+ "little", "big"
+Users: util-linux
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-dmabuf-buffers b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-dmabuf-buffers
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5d3bc997dc64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-dmabuf-buffers
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/dmabuf/buffers
+Date: May 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.13
+Contact: Hridya Valsaraju <hridya@google.com>
+Description: The /sys/kernel/dmabuf/buffers directory contains a
+ snapshot of the internal state of every DMA-BUF.
+ /sys/kernel/dmabuf/buffers/<inode_number> will contain the
+ statistics for the DMA-BUF with the unique inode number
+ <inode_number>
+Users: kernel memory tuning/debugging tools
+
+What: /sys/kernel/dmabuf/buffers/<inode_number>/exporter_name
+Date: May 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.13
+Contact: Hridya Valsaraju <hridya@google.com>
+Description: This file is read-only and contains the name of the exporter of
+ the DMA-BUF.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/dmabuf/buffers/<inode_number>/size
+Date: May 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.13
+Contact: Hridya Valsaraju <hridya@google.com>
+Description: This file is read-only and specifies the size of the DMA-BUF in
+ bytes.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-fadump b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-fadump
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b64b7622e6fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-fadump
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump/*
+Date: Dec 2019
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description:
+ The /sys/kernel/fadump/* is a collection of FADump sysfs
+ file provide information about the configuration status
+ of Firmware Assisted Dump (FADump).
+
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump/enabled
+Date: Dec 2019
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Primarily used to identify whether the FADump is enabled in
+ the kernel or not.
+User: Kdump service
+
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump/registered
+Date: Dec 2019
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read/write
+ Helps to control the dump collect feature from userspace.
+ Setting 1 to this file enables the system to collect the
+ dump and 0 to disable it.
+User: Kdump service
+
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump/release_mem
+Date: Dec 2019
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: write only
+ This is a special sysfs file and only available when
+ the system is booted to capture the vmcore using FADump.
+ It is used to release the memory reserved by FADump to
+ save the crash dump.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump/mem_reserved
+Date: Dec 2019
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Provide information about the amount of memory reserved by
+ FADump to save the crash dump in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump/hotplug_ready
+Date: Apr 2024
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read only
+ Kdump udev rule re-registers fadump on memory add/remove events,
+ primarily to update the elfcorehdr. This sysfs indicates the
+ kdump udev rule that fadump re-registration is not required on
+ memory add/remove events because elfcorehdr is now prepared in
+ the second/fadump kernel.
+User: kexec-tools
+
+What: /sys/kernel/fadump/bootargs_append
+Date: May 2024
+Contact: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
+Description: read/write
+ This is a special sysfs file available to setup additional
+ parameters to be passed to capture kernel. For HASH MMU it
+ is exported only if RMA size higher than 768MB.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-fscaps b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-fscaps
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bcff34665192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-fscaps
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/fscaps
+Date: February 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: Ludwig Nussel <ludwig.nussel@suse.de>
+Description:
+ Shows whether file system capabilities are honored
+ when executing a binary
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-hardlockup_count b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-hardlockup_count
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dfdd4078b077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-hardlockup_count
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/hardlockup_count
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Shows how many times the system has detected a hard lockup since last boot.
+ Available only if CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR is enabled.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-iommu_groups b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-iommu_groups
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a42d4383d999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-iommu_groups
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/
+Date: May 2012
+KernelVersion: v3.5
+Contact: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+Description: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/ contains a number of sub-
+ directories, each representing an IOMMU group. The
+ name of the sub-directory matches the iommu_group_id()
+ for the group, which is an integer value. Within each
+ subdirectory is another directory named "devices" with
+ links to the sysfs devices contained in this group.
+ The group directory also optionally contains a "name"
+ file if the IOMMU driver has chosen to register a more
+ common name for the group.
+Users:
+
+What: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/reserved_regions
+Date: January 2017
+KernelVersion: v4.11
+Contact: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
+Description: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/reserved_regions list IOVA
+ regions that are reserved. Not necessarily all
+ reserved regions are listed. This is typically used to
+ output direct-mapped, MSI, non mappable regions. Each
+ region is described on a single line: the 1st field is
+ the base IOVA, the second is the end IOVA and the third
+ field describes the type of the region.
+
+ Since kernel 5.3, in case an RMRR is used only by graphics or
+ USB devices it is now exposed as "direct-relaxable" instead
+ of "direct". In device assignment use case, for instance,
+ those RMRR are considered to be relaxable and safe.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/<grp_id>/type
+Date: November 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.11
+Contact: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
+Description: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/<grp_id>/type shows the type of default
+ domain in use by iommu for this group. See include/linux/iommu.h
+ for possible read values. A privileged user could request kernel to
+ change the group type by writing to this file. Valid write values:
+
+ ======== ======================================================
+ DMA All the DMA transactions from the device in this group
+ are translated by the iommu.
+ DMA-FQ As above, but using batched invalidation to lazily
+ remove translations after use. This may offer reduced
+ overhead at the cost of reduced memory protection.
+ identity All the DMA transactions from the device in this group
+ are not translated by the iommu. Maximum performance
+ but zero protection.
+ auto Change to the type the device was booted with.
+ ======== ======================================================
+
+ The default domain type of a group may be modified only when
+
+ - The device in the group is not bound to any device driver.
+ So, the users must unbind the appropriate driver before
+ changing the default domain type.
+
+ Unbinding a device driver will take away the driver's control
+ over the device and if done on devices that host root file
+ system could lead to catastrophic effects (the users might
+ need to reboot the machine to get it to normal state). So, it's
+ expected that the users understand what they're doing.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-irq b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-irq
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8910d0c4bcd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-irq
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/irq
+Date: September 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
+Description: Directory containing information about the system's IRQs.
+ Specifically, data from the associated struct irq_desc.
+ The information here is similar to that in /proc/interrupts
+ but in a more machine-friendly format. This directory contains
+ one subdirectory for each Linux IRQ number.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/actions
+Date: September 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
+Description: The IRQ action chain. A comma-separated list of zero or more
+ device names associated with this interrupt.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/chip_name
+Date: September 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
+Description: Human-readable chip name supplied by the associated device
+ driver.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/hwirq
+Date: September 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
+Description: When interrupt translation domains are used, this file contains
+ the underlying hardware IRQ number used for this Linux IRQ.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/name
+Date: September 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
+Description: Human-readable flow handler name as defined by the irq chip
+ driver.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/per_cpu_count
+Date: September 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
+Description: The number of times the interrupt has fired since boot. This
+ is a comma-separated list of counters; one per CPU in CPU id
+ order. NOTE: This file consistently shows counters for all
+ CPU ids. This differs from the behavior of /proc/interrupts
+ which only shows counters for online CPUs.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/type
+Date: September 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.9
+Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
+Description: The type of the interrupt. Either the string 'level' or 'edge'.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/wakeup
+Date: March 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.17
+Contact: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
+Description: The wakeup state of the interrupt. Either the string
+ 'enabled' or 'disabled'.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-livepatch b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-livepatch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3c3f36b32b57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-livepatch
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/livepatch
+Date: Nov 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19.0
+Contact: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Interface for kernel live patching
+
+ The /sys/kernel/livepatch directory contains subdirectories for
+ each loaded live patch module.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>
+Date: Nov 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19.0
+Contact: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The patch directory contains subdirectories for each kernel
+ object (vmlinux or a module) in which it patched functions.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled
+Date: Nov 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19.0
+Contact: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A writable attribute that indicates whether the patched
+ code is currently applied. Writing 0 will disable the patch
+ while writing 1 will re-enable the patch.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition
+Date: Feb 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.12.0
+Contact: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ An attribute which indicates whether the patch is currently in
+ transition.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/force
+Date: Nov 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15.0
+Contact: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ A writable attribute that allows administrator to affect the
+ course of an existing transition. Writing 1 clears
+ TIF_PATCH_PENDING flag of all tasks and thus forces the tasks to
+ the patched or unpatched state. Administrator should not
+ use this feature without a clearance from a patch
+ distributor. Removal (rmmod) of patch modules is permanently
+ disabled when the feature is used. See
+ Documentation/livepatch/livepatch.rst for more information.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/replace
+Date: Jun 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.11.0
+Contact: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ An attribute which indicates whether the patch supports
+ atomic-replace.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/stack_order
+Date: Jan 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.14.0
+Description:
+ This attribute specifies the sequence in which live patch modules
+ are applied to the system. If multiple live patches modify the same
+ function, the implementation with the biggest 'stack_order' number
+ is used, unless a transition is currently in progress.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/<object>
+Date: Nov 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19.0
+Contact: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The object directory contains subdirectories for each function
+ that is patched within the object.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/<object>/patched
+Date: August 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1.0
+Contact: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ An attribute which indicates whether the object is currently
+ patched.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/<object>/<function,sympos>
+Date: Nov 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19.0
+Contact: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ The function directory contains attributes regarding the
+ properties and state of the patched function.
+
+ The directory name contains the patched function name and a
+ sympos number corresponding to the nth occurrence of the symbol
+ name in kallsyms for the patched object.
+
+ There are currently no such attributes.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-cma b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-cma
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aaf2a5d8b13b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-cma
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/cma/
+Date: Feb 2021
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ /sys/kernel/mm/cma/ contains a subdirectory for each CMA
+ heap name (also sometimes called CMA areas).
+
+ Each CMA heap subdirectory (that is, each
+ /sys/kernel/mm/cma/<cma-heap-name> directory) contains the
+ following items:
+
+ alloc_pages_success
+ alloc_pages_fail
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/cma/<cma-heap-name>/alloc_pages_success
+Date: Feb 2021
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ the number of pages CMA API succeeded to allocate
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/cma/<cma-heap-name>/alloc_pages_fail
+Date: Feb 2021
+Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ the number of pages CMA API failed to allocate
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/cma/<cma-heap-name>/release_pages_success
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
+Description:
+ the number of pages CMA API succeeded to release
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/cma/<cma-heap-name>/total_pages
+Date: Jun 2024
+Contact: Frank van der Linden <fvdl@google.com>
+Description:
+ The size of the CMA area in pages.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/cma/<cma-heap-name>/available_pages
+Date: Jun 2024
+Contact: Frank van der Linden <fvdl@google.com>
+Description:
+ The number of pages in the CMA area that are still
+ available for CMA allocation.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-damon b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-damon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b6b71db36ca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-damon
@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+what: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Interface for Data Access MONitoring (DAMON). Contains files
+ for controlling DAMON. For more details on DAMON itself,
+ please refer to Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/index.rst.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Interface for privileged users of DAMON. Contains files for
+ controlling DAMON that aimed to be used by privileged users.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/nr_kdamonds
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a number 'N' to this file creates the number of
+ directories for controlling each DAMON worker thread (kdamond)
+ named '0' to 'N-1' under the kdamonds/ directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/state
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing 'on' or 'off' to this file makes the kdamond starts or
+ stops, respectively. Reading the file returns the keywords
+ based on the current status. Writing 'commit' to this file
+ makes the kdamond reads the user inputs in the sysfs files
+ except 'state' again. Writing 'commit_schemes_quota_goals' to
+ this file makes the kdamond reads the quota goal files again.
+ Writing 'update_schemes_stats' to the file updates contents of
+ schemes stats files of the kdamond. Writing
+ 'update_schemes_tried_regions' to the file updates contents of
+ 'tried_regions' directory of every scheme directory of this
+ kdamond. Writing 'update_schemes_tried_bytes' to the file
+ updates only '.../tried_regions/total_bytes' files of this
+ kdamond. Writing 'clear_schemes_tried_regions' to the file
+ removes contents of the 'tried_regions' directory. Writing
+ 'update_schemes_effective_quotas' to the file updates
+ '.../quotas/effective_bytes' files of this kdamond.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/pid
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the pid of the kdamond if it is
+ running.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/refresh_ms
+Date: Jul 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the time interval for
+ automatic DAMON status file contents update. Writing '0'
+ disables the update. Reading this file returns the value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/nr_contexts
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a number 'N' to this file creates the number of
+ directories for controlling each DAMON context named '0' to
+ 'N-1' under the contexts/ directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/avail_operations
+Date: Apr 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the available monitoring operations
+ sets on the currently running kernel.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/operations
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a keyword for a monitoring operations set ('vaddr' for
+ virtual address spaces monitoring, 'fvaddr' for fixed virtual
+ address ranges monitoring, and 'paddr' for the physical address
+ space monitoring) to this file makes the context to use the
+ operations set. Reading the file returns the keyword for the
+ operations set the context is set to use.
+
+ Note that only the operations sets that listed in
+ 'avail_operations' file are valid inputs.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/addr_unit
+Date: Aug 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing an integer to this file sets the 'address unit'
+ parameter of the given operations set of the context. Reading
+ the file returns the last-written 'address unit' value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/monitoring_attrs/intervals/sample_us
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the sampling interval of the
+ DAMON context in microseconds as the value. Reading this file
+ returns the value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/monitoring_attrs/intervals/aggr_us
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the aggregation interval of
+ the DAMON context in microseconds as the value. Reading this
+ file returns the value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/monitoring_attrs/intervals/update_us
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the update interval of the
+ DAMON context in microseconds as the value. Reading this file
+ returns the value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/monitoring_attrs/intervals/intrvals_goal/access_bp
+Date: Feb 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the monitoring intervals
+ auto-tuning target DAMON-observed access events ratio within
+ the given time interval (aggrs in same directory), in bp
+ (1/10,000). Reading this file returns the value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/monitoring_attrs/intervals/intrvals_goal/aggrs
+Date: Feb 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the time interval to achieve
+ the monitoring intervals auto-tuning target DAMON-observed
+ access events ratio (access_bp in same directory) within.
+ Reading this file returns the value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/monitoring_attrs/intervals/intrvals_goal/min_sample_us
+Date: Feb 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the minimum value of
+ auto-tuned sampling interval in microseconds. Reading this
+ file returns the value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/monitoring_attrs/intervals/intrvals_goal/max_sample_us
+Date: Feb 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the maximum value of
+ auto-tuned sampling interval in microseconds. Reading this
+ file returns the value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/monitoring_attrs/nr_regions/min
+
+WDate: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the minimum number of
+ monitoring regions of the DAMON context as the value. Reading
+ this file returns the value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/monitoring_attrs/nr_regions/max
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the maximum number of
+ monitoring regions of the DAMON context as the value. Reading
+ this file returns the value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/targets/nr_targets
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a number 'N' to this file creates the number of
+ directories for controlling each DAMON target of the context
+ named '0' to 'N-1' under the contexts/ directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/targets/<T>/pid_target
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the pid of
+ the target process if the context is for virtual address spaces
+ monitoring, respectively.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/targets/<T>/regions/nr_regions
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a number 'N' to this file creates the number of
+ directories for setting each DAMON target memory region of the
+ context named '0' to 'N-1' under the regions/ directory. In
+ case of the virtual address space monitoring, DAMON
+ automatically sets the target memory region based on the target
+ processes' mappings.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/targets/<T>/regions/<R>/start
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the start
+ address of the monitoring region.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/targets/<T>/regions/<R>/end
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the end
+ address of the monitoring region.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/nr_schemes
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a number 'N' to this file creates the number of
+ directories for controlling each DAMON-based operation scheme
+ of the context named '0' to 'N-1' under the schemes/ directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/action
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the action
+ of the scheme.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/target_nid
+Date: Jun 2024
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Action's target NUMA node id. Supported by only relevant
+ actions.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/apply_interval_us
+Date: Sep 2023
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a value to this file sets the action apply interval of
+ the scheme in microseconds. Reading this file returns the
+ value.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/access_pattern/sz/min
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the minimum
+ size of the scheme's target regions in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/access_pattern/sz/max
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the maximum
+ size of the scheme's target regions in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/access_pattern/nr_accesses/min
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the manimum
+ 'nr_accesses' of the scheme's target regions.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/access_pattern/nr_accesses/max
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the maximum
+ 'nr_accesses' of the scheme's target regions.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/access_pattern/age/min
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the minimum
+ 'age' of the scheme's target regions.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/access_pattern/age/max
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the maximum
+ 'age' of the scheme's target regions.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/ms
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the time
+ quota of the scheme in milliseconds.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/bytes
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the size
+ quota of the scheme in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/effective_bytes
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading from this file gets the effective size quota of the
+ scheme in bytes, which adjusted for the time quota and goals.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/reset_interval_ms
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the quotas
+ charge reset interval of the scheme in milliseconds.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/goals/nr_goals
+Date: Nov 2023
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a number 'N' to this file creates the number of
+ directories for setting automatic tuning of the scheme's
+ aggressiveness named '0' to 'N-1' under the goals/ directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/goals/<G>/target_metric
+Date: Feb 2024
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the quota
+ auto-tuning goal metric.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/goals/<G>/target_value
+Date: Nov 2023
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the target
+ value of the goal metric.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/goals/<G>/current_value
+Date: Nov 2023
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the current
+ value of the goal metric.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/goals/<G>/nid
+Date: Apr 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the nid
+ parameter of the goal.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/weights/sz_permil
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the
+ under-quota limit regions prioritization weight for 'size' in
+ permil.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/weights/nr_accesses_permil
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the
+ under-quota limit regions prioritization weight for
+ 'nr_accesses' in permil.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/weights/age_permil
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the
+ under-quota limit regions prioritization weight for 'age' in
+ permil.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/watermarks/metric
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the metric
+ of the watermarks for the scheme. The writable/readable
+ keywords for this file are 'none' for disabling the watermarks
+ feature, or 'free_mem_rate' for the system's global free memory
+ rate in permil.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/watermarks/interval_us
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the metric
+ check interval of the watermarks for the scheme in
+ microseconds.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/watermarks/high
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the high
+ watermark of the scheme in permil.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/watermarks/mid
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the mid
+ watermark of the scheme in permil.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/watermarks/low
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the low
+ watermark of the scheme in permil.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters/nr_filters
+Date: Dec 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a number 'N' to this file creates the number of
+ directories for setting filters of the scheme named '0' to
+ 'N-1' under the filters/ directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters/<F>/type
+Date: Dec 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the type of
+ the memory of the interest. 'anon' for anonymous pages,
+ 'memcg' for specific memory cgroup, 'young' for young pages,
+ 'addr' for address range (an open-ended interval), or 'target'
+ for DAMON monitoring target can be written and read.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters/<F>/memcg_path
+Date: Dec 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: If 'memcg' is written to the 'type' file, writing to and
+ reading from this file sets and gets the path to the memory
+ cgroup of the interest.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters/<F>/addr_start
+Date: Jul 2023
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: If 'addr' is written to the 'type' file, writing to or reading
+ from this file sets or gets the start address of the address
+ range for the filter.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters/<F>/addr_end
+Date: Jul 2023
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: If 'addr' is written to the 'type' file, writing to or reading
+ from this file sets or gets the end address of the address
+ range for the filter.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters/<F>/min
+Date: Feb 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: If 'hugepage_size' is written to the 'type' file, writing to
+ or reading from this file sets or gets the minimum size of the
+ hugepage for the filter.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters/<F>/max
+Date: Feb 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: If 'hugepage_size' is written to the 'type' file, writing to
+ or reading from this file sets or gets the maximum size of the
+ hugepage for the filter.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters/<F>/target_idx
+Date: Dec 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: If 'target' is written to the 'type' file, writing to or
+ reading from this file sets or gets the index of the DAMON
+ monitoring target of the interest.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters/<F>/matching
+Date: Dec 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing 'Y' or 'N' to this file sets whether the filter is for
+ the memory of the 'type', or all except the 'type'.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters/<F>/allow
+Date: Jan 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing 'Y' or 'N' to this file sets whether to allow or reject
+ applying the scheme's action to the memory that satisfies the
+ 'type' and the 'matching' of the directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/core_filters
+Date: Feb 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Directory for DAMON core layer-handled DAMOS filters. Files
+ under this directory works same to those of
+ /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters
+ directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/ops_filters
+Date: Feb 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Directory for DAMON operations set layer-handled DAMOS filters.
+ Files under this directory works same to those of
+ /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/filters
+ directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/dests/nr_dests
+Date: Jul 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing a number 'N' to this file creates the number of
+ directories for setting action destinations of the scheme named
+ '0' to 'N-1' under the dests/ directory.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/dests/<D>/id
+Date: Jul 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the id of
+ the DAMOS action destination. For DAMOS_MIGRATE_{HOT,COLD}
+ actions, the destination node's node id can be written and
+ read.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/dests/<D>/weight
+Date: Jul 2025
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the weight
+ of the DAMOS action destination to select as the destination of
+ each action among the destinations.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/stats/nr_tried
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the number of regions that the action
+ of the scheme has tried to be applied.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/stats/sz_tried
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the total size of regions that the
+ action of the scheme has tried to be applied in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/stats/nr_applied
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the number of regions that the action
+ of the scheme has successfully applied.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/stats/sz_applied
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the total size of regions that the
+ action of the scheme has successfully applied in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/stats/sz_ops_filter_passed
+Date: Dec 2024
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the total size of memory that passed
+ DAMON operations layer-handled filters of the scheme in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/stats/qt_exceeds
+Date: Mar 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the number of the exceed events of
+ the scheme's quotas.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/tried_regions/total_bytes
+Date: Jul 2023
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the total amount of memory that
+ corresponding DAMON-based Operation Scheme's action has tried
+ to be applied.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/tried_regions/<R>/start
+Date: Oct 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the start address of a memory region
+ that corresponding DAMON-based Operation Scheme's action has
+ tried to be applied.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/tried_regions/<R>/end
+Date: Oct 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the end address of a memory region
+ that corresponding DAMON-based Operation Scheme's action has
+ tried to be applied.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/tried_regions/<R>/nr_accesses
+Date: Oct 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the 'nr_accesses' of a memory region
+ that corresponding DAMON-based Operation Scheme's action has
+ tried to be applied.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/tried_regions/<R>/age
+Date: Oct 2022
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the 'age' of a memory region that
+ corresponding DAMON-based Operation Scheme's action has tried
+ to be applied.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/tried_regions/<R>/sz_filter_passed
+Date: Dec 2024
+Contact: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
+Description: Reading this file returns the size of the memory in the region
+ that passed DAMON operations layer-handled filters of the
+ scheme in bytes.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-hugepages b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-hugepages
index e21c00571cf4..294387e2c7fb 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-hugepages
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-hugepages
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ Description:
of the hugepages supported by the kernel/CPU combination.
Under these directories are a number of files:
- nr_hugepages
- nr_overcommit_hugepages
- free_hugepages
- surplus_hugepages
- resv_hugepages
- See Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt for details.
+
+ - nr_hugepages
+ - nr_overcommit_hugepages
+ - free_hugepages
+ - surplus_hugepages
+ - resv_hugepages
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.rst for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-ksm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-ksm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6041a025b65a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-ksm
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm
+Date: September 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.32
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Interface for Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM)
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/full_scans
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/pages_shared
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/pages_sharing
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/pages_to_scan
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/pages_unshared
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/pages_volatile
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/sleep_millisecs
+Date: September 2009
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Kernel Samepage Merging daemon sysfs interface
+
+ full_scans: how many times all mergeable areas have been
+ scanned.
+
+ pages_shared: how many shared pages are being used.
+
+ pages_sharing: how many more sites are sharing them i.e. how
+ much saved.
+
+ pages_to_scan: how many present pages to scan before ksmd goes
+ to sleep.
+
+ pages_unshared: how many pages unique but repeatedly checked
+ for merging.
+
+ pages_volatile: how many pages changing too fast to be placed
+ in a tree.
+
+ run: write 0 to disable ksm, read 0 while ksm is disabled.
+
+ - write 1 to run ksm, read 1 while ksm is running.
+ - write 2 to disable ksm and unmerge all its pages.
+
+ sleep_millisecs: how many milliseconds ksm should sleep between
+ scans.
+
+ See Documentation/mm/ksm.rst for more information.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/merge_across_nodes
+Date: January 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.9
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Control merging pages across different NUMA nodes.
+
+ When it is set to 0 only pages from the same node are merged,
+ otherwise pages from all nodes can be merged together (default).
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/general_profit
+Date: April 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Measure how effective KSM is.
+ general_profit: how effective is KSM. The formula for the
+ calculation is in Documentation/admin-guide/mm/ksm.rst.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-memory-tiers b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-memory-tiers
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..721a05b90109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-memory-tiers
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/memory_tiering/
+Date: August 2022
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: A collection of all the memory tiers allocated.
+
+ Individual memory tier details are contained in subdirectories
+ named by the abstract distance of the memory tier.
+
+ /sys/devices/virtual/memory_tiering/memory_tierN/
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/memory_tiering/memory_tierN/
+ /sys/devices/virtual/memory_tiering/memory_tierN/nodelist
+Date: August 2022
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Directory with details of a specific memory tier
+
+ This is the directory containing information about a particular
+ memory tier, memtierN, where N is derived based on abstract distance.
+
+ A smaller value of N implies a higher (faster) memory tier in the
+ hierarchy.
+
+ nodelist: NUMA nodes that are part of this memory tier.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-mempolicy b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-mempolicy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8ac327fd7fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-mempolicy
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/mempolicy/
+Date: January 2024
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Interface for Mempolicy
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-mempolicy-weighted-interleave b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-mempolicy-weighted-interleave
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..649c0e9b895c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-mempolicy-weighted-interleave
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/mempolicy/weighted_interleave/
+Date: January 2024
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Configuration Interface for the Weighted Interleave policy
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/mempolicy/weighted_interleave/nodeN
+Date: January 2024
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Weight configuration interface for nodeN
+
+ The interleave weight for a memory node (N). These weights are
+ utilized by tasks which have set their mempolicy to
+ MPOL_WEIGHTED_INTERLEAVE.
+
+ These weights only affect new allocations, and changes at runtime
+ will not cause migrations on already allocated pages.
+
+ The minimum weight for a node is always 1.
+
+ Minimum weight: 1
+ Maximum weight: 255
+
+ Writing invalid values (i.e. any values not in [1,255],
+ empty string, ...) will return -EINVAL.
+
+ Changing the weight to a valid value will automatically
+ switch the system to manual mode as well.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/mempolicy/weighted_interleave/auto
+Date: May 2025
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Auto-weighting configuration interface
+
+ Configuration mode for weighted interleave. 'true' indicates
+ that the system is in auto mode, and a 'false' indicates that
+ the system is in manual mode.
+
+ In auto mode, all node weights are re-calculated and overwritten
+ (visible via the nodeN interfaces) whenever new bandwidth data
+ is made available during either boot or hotplug events.
+
+ In manual mode, node weights can only be updated by the user.
+ Note that nodes that are onlined with previously set weights
+ will reuse those weights. If they were not previously set or
+ are onlined with missing bandwidth data, the weights will use
+ a default weight of 1.
+
+ Writing any true value string (e.g. Y or 1) will enable auto
+ mode, while writing any false value string (e.g. N or 0) will
+ enable manual mode. All other strings are ignored and will
+ return -EINVAL.
+
+ Writing a new weight to a node directly via the nodeN interface
+ will also automatically switch the system to manual mode.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-numa b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-numa
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..90e375ff54cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-numa
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/numa/
+Date: June 2021
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Interface for NUMA
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/numa/demotion_enabled
+Date: June 2021
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Enable/disable demoting pages during reclaim
+
+ Page migration during reclaim is intended for systems
+ with tiered memory configurations. These systems have
+ multiple types of memory with varied performance
+ characteristics instead of plain NUMA systems where
+ the same kind of memory is found at varied distances.
+ Allowing page migration during reclaim enables these
+ systems to migrate pages from fast tiers to slow tiers
+ when the fast tier is under pressure. This migration
+ is performed before swap if an eligible numa node is
+ present in cpuset.mems for the cgroup (or if cpuset v1
+ is being used). If cpusets.mems changes at runtime, it
+ may move data to a NUMA node that does not fall into the
+ cpuset of the new cpusets.mems, which might be construed
+ to violate the guarantees of cpusets. Shared memory,
+ such as libraries, owned by another cgroup may still be
+ demoted and result in memory use on a node not present
+ in cpusets.mem. This should not be enabled on systems
+ which need strict cpuset location guarantees.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-swap b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-swap
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..94672016c268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-swap
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/swap/
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Interface for swapping
+
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/swap/vma_ra_enabled
+Date: August 2017
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description: Enable/disable VMA based swap readahead.
+
+ If set to true, the VMA based swap readahead algorithm
+ will be used for swappable anonymous pages mapped in a
+ VMA, and the global swap readahead algorithm will be
+ still used for tmpfs etc. other users. If set to
+ false, the global swap readahead algorithm will be
+ used for all swappable pages.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-transparent-hugepage b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-transparent-hugepage
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7bfbb9cc2c11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-transparent-hugepage
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/
+Date: April 2024
+Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org>
+Description:
+ /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/ contains a number of files and
+ subdirectories,
+
+ - defrag
+ - enabled
+ - hpage_pmd_size
+ - khugepaged
+ - shmem_enabled
+ - use_zero_page
+ - subdirectories of the form hugepages-<size>kB, where <size>
+ is the page size of the hugepages supported by the kernel/CPU
+ combination.
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/transhuge.rst for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-oops_count b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-oops_count
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..156cca9dbc96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-oops_count
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/oops_count
+Date: November 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2.0
+Contact: Linux Kernel Hardening List <linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Shows how many times the system has Oopsed since last boot.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-rcu_stall_count b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-rcu_stall_count
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a4a97a7f4a4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-rcu_stall_count
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/rcu_stall_count
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Shows how many times the system has detected an RCU stall since last boot.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-reboot b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-reboot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..52571fd5ddba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-reboot
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/reboot
+Date: November 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: Matteo Croce <teknoraver@meta.com>
+Description: Interface to set the kernel reboot behavior, similarly to
+ what can be done via the reboot= cmdline option.
+ (see Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt)
+
+What: /sys/kernel/reboot/mode
+Date: November 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: Matteo Croce <teknoraver@meta.com>
+Description: Reboot mode. Valid values are: cold warm hard soft gpio
+
+What: /sys/kernel/reboot/type
+Date: November 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: Matteo Croce <teknoraver@meta.com>
+Description: Reboot type. Valid values are: bios acpi kbd triple efi pci
+
+What: /sys/kernel/reboot/cpu
+Date: November 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: Matteo Croce <teknoraver@meta.com>
+Description: CPU number to use to reboot.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/reboot/force
+Date: November 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.11
+Contact: Matteo Croce <teknoraver@meta.com>
+Description: Don't wait for any other CPUs on reboot and
+ avoid anything that could hang.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/reboot/hw_protection
+Date: April 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: Ahmad Fatoum <a.fatoum@pengutronix.de>
+Description: Hardware protection action taken on critical events like
+ overtemperature or imminent voltage loss.
+ Valid values are: reboot shutdown
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-slab b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-slab
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b26e4299f822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-slab
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/slab
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/kernel/slab directory contains a snapshot of the
+ internal state of the SLUB allocator for each cache. Certain
+ files may be modified to change the behavior of the cache (and
+ any cache it aliases, if any).
+Users: kernel memory tuning tools
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/aliases
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The aliases file is read-only and specifies how many caches
+ have merged into this cache.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/align
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The align file is read-only and specifies the cache's object
+ alignment in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/alloc_calls
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The alloc_calls file is read-only and lists the kernel code
+ locations from which allocations for this cache were performed.
+ The alloc_calls file only contains information if debugging is
+ enabled for that cache (see
+ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/slab.rst).
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/alloc_fastpath
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The alloc_fastpath file shows how many objects have been
+ allocated using the fast path. It can be written to clear the
+ current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/alloc_from_partial
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The alloc_from_partial file shows how many times a cpu slab has
+ been full and it has been refilled by using a slab from the list
+ of partially used slabs. It can be written to clear the current
+ count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/alloc_refill
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The alloc_refill file shows how many times the per-cpu freelist
+ was empty but there were objects available as the result of
+ remote cpu frees. It can be written to clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/alloc_slab
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The alloc_slab file is shows how many times a new slab had to
+ be allocated from the page allocator. It can be written to
+ clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/alloc_slowpath
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The alloc_slowpath file shows how many objects have been
+ allocated using the slow path because of a refill or
+ allocation from a partial or new slab. It can be written to
+ clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/cache_dma
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The cache_dma file is read-only and specifies whether objects
+ are from ZONE_DMA.
+ Available when CONFIG_ZONE_DMA is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/cpu_slabs
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The cpu_slabs file is read-only and displays how many cpu slabs
+ are active and their NUMA locality.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/cpuslab_flush
+Date: April 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The file cpuslab_flush shows how many times a cache's cpu slabs
+ have been flushed as the result of destroying or shrinking a
+ cache, a cpu going offline, or as the result of forcing an
+ allocation from a certain node. It can be written to clear the
+ current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/ctor
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The ctor file is read-only and specifies the cache's object
+ constructor function, which is invoked for each object when a
+ new slab is allocated.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/deactivate_empty
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The deactivate_empty file shows how many times an empty cpu slab
+ was deactivated. It can be written to clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/deactivate_full
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The deactivate_full file shows how many times a full cpu slab
+ was deactivated. It can be written to clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/deactivate_remote_frees
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The deactivate_remote_frees file shows how many times a cpu slab
+ has been deactivated and contained free objects that were freed
+ remotely. It can be written to clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/deactivate_to_head
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The deactivate_to_head file shows how many times a partial cpu
+ slab was deactivated and added to the head of its node's partial
+ list. It can be written to clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/deactivate_to_tail
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The deactivate_to_tail file shows how many times a partial cpu
+ slab was deactivated and added to the tail of its node's partial
+ list. It can be written to clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/destroy_by_rcu
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The destroy_by_rcu file is read-only and specifies whether
+ slabs (not objects) are freed by rcu.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/free_add_partial
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The free_add_partial file shows how many times an object has
+ been freed in a full slab so that it had to added to its node's
+ partial list. It can be written to clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/free_calls
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The free_calls file is read-only and lists the locations of
+ object frees if slab debugging is enabled (see
+ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/slab.rst).
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/free_fastpath
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The free_fastpath file shows how many objects have been freed
+ using the fast path because it was an object from the cpu slab.
+ It can be written to clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/free_frozen
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The free_frozen file shows how many objects have been freed to
+ a frozen slab (i.e. a remote cpu slab). It can be written to
+ clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/free_remove_partial
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The free_remove_partial file shows how many times an object has
+ been freed to a now-empty slab so that it had to be removed from
+ its node's partial list. It can be written to clear the current
+ count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/free_slab
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The free_slab file shows how many times an empty slab has been
+ freed back to the page allocator. It can be written to clear
+ the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/free_slowpath
+Date: February 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The free_slowpath file shows how many objects have been freed
+ using the slow path (i.e. to a full or partial slab). It can
+ be written to clear the current count.
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/hwcache_align
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The hwcache_align file is read-only and specifies whether
+ objects are aligned on cachelines.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/min_partial
+Date: February 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.30
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
+Description:
+ The min_partial file specifies how many empty slabs shall
+ remain on a node's partial list to avoid the overhead of
+ allocating new slabs. Such slabs may be reclaimed by utilizing
+ the shrink file.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/object_size
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The object_size file is read-only and specifies the cache's
+ object size.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/objects
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The objects file is read-only and displays how many objects are
+ active and from which nodes they are from.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/objects_partial
+Date: April 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The objects_partial file is read-only and displays how many
+ objects are on partial slabs and from which nodes they are
+ from.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/objs_per_slab
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The file objs_per_slab is read-only and specifies how many
+ objects may be allocated from a single slab of the order
+ specified in /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/order.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/order
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The order file specifies the page order at which new slabs are
+ allocated. It is writable and can be changed to increase the
+ number of objects per slab. If a slab cannot be allocated
+ because of fragmentation, SLUB will retry with the minimum order
+ possible depending on its characteristics.
+
+ When debug_guardpage_minorder=N (N > 0) parameter is specified
+ (see Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst), the minimum possible
+ order is used and this sysfs entry can not be used to change
+ the order at run time.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/order_fallback
+Date: April 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The order_fallback file shows how many times an allocation of a
+ new slab has not been possible at the cache's order and instead
+ fallen back to its minimum possible order. It can be written to
+ clear the current count.
+
+ Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/partial
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The partial file is read-only and displays how long many
+ partial slabs there are and how long each node's list is.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/poison
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The poison file specifies whether objects should be poisoned
+ when a new slab is allocated.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/reclaim_account
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The reclaim_account file specifies whether the cache's objects
+ are reclaimable (and grouped by their mobility).
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/red_zone
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The red_zone file specifies whether the cache's objects are red
+ zoned.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/remote_node_defrag_ratio
+Date: January 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.25
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The file remote_node_defrag_ratio specifies the percentage of
+ times SLUB will attempt to refill the cpu slab with a partial
+ slab from a remote node as opposed to allocating a new slab on
+ the local node. This reduces the amount of wasted memory over
+ the entire system but can be expensive.
+
+ Available when CONFIG_NUMA is enabled.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/sanity_checks
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The sanity_checks file specifies whether expensive checks
+ should be performed on free and, at minimum, enables double free
+ checks. Caches that enable sanity_checks cannot be merged with
+ caches that do not.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/shrink
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The shrink file is used to reclaim unused slab cache
+ memory from a cache. Empty per-cpu or partial slabs
+ are freed and the partial list is sorted so the slabs
+ with the fewest available objects are used first.
+ It only accepts a value of "1" on write for shrinking
+ the cache. Other input values are considered invalid.
+ Shrinking slab caches might be expensive and can
+ adversely impact other running applications. So it
+ should be used with care.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/slab_size
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The slab_size file is read-only and specifies the object size
+ with metadata (debugging information and alignment) in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/slabs
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The slabs file is read-only and displays how long many slabs
+ there are (both cpu and partial) and from which nodes they are
+ from.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/store_user
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The store_user file specifies whether the location of
+ allocation or free should be tracked for a cache.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/total_objects
+Date: April 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The total_objects file is read-only and displays how many total
+ objects a cache has and from which nodes they are from.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/trace
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ The trace file specifies whether object allocations and frees
+ should be traced.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/validate
+Date: May 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.22
+Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
+ Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ Writing to the validate file causes SLUB to traverse all of its
+ cache's objects and check the validity of metadata.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/usersize
+Date: Jun 2017
+Contact: David Windsor <dave@nullcore.net>
+Description:
+ The usersize file is read-only and contains the usercopy
+ region size.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/slabs_cpu_partial
+Date: Aug 2011
+Contact: Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ This read-only file shows the number of partialli allocated
+ frozen slabs.
+
+What: /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/cpu_partial
+Date: Aug 2011
+Contact: Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+Description:
+ This read-only file shows the number of per cpu partial
+ pages to keep around.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-softlockup_count b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-softlockup_count
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..337ff5531b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-softlockup_count
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/softlockup_count
+Date: May 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Shows how many times the system has detected a soft lockup since last boot.
+ Available only if CONFIG_SOFTLOCKUP_DETECTOR is enabled.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-vmcoreinfo b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-vmcoreinfo
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1f1087a5f075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-vmcoreinfo
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/vmcoreinfo
+Date: October 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.24
+Contact: Ken'ichi Ohmichi <oomichi@mxs.nes.nec.co.jp>
+ Kexec Mailing List <kexec@lists.infradead.org>
+ Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
+Description:
+ Shows physical address and size of vmcoreinfo ELF note.
+ First value contains physical address of note in hex and
+ second value contains the size of note in hex. This ELF
+ note info is parsed by second kernel and exported to user
+ space as part of ELF note in /proc/vmcore file. This note
+ contains various information like struct size, symbol
+ values, page size etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-warn_count b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-warn_count
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..90a029813717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-warn_count
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/warn_count
+Date: November 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2.0
+Contact: Linux Kernel Hardening List <linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Shows how many times the system has Warned since last boot.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-mce b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-mce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..83172f50e27c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-mce
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheckX/
+Contact: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
+Date: Feb, 2007
+Description:
+ (X = CPU number)
+
+ Machine checks report internal hardware error conditions
+ detected by the CPU. Uncorrected errors typically cause a
+ machine check (often with panic), corrected ones cause a
+ machine check log entry.
+
+ For more details about the x86 machine check architecture
+ see the Intel and AMD architecture manuals from their
+ developer websites.
+
+ For more details about the architecture
+ see http://one.firstfloor.org/~andi/mce.pdf
+
+ Each CPU has its own directory.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheckX/bank<Y>
+Contact: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
+Date: Feb, 2007
+Description:
+ (Y bank number)
+
+ 64bit Hex bitmask enabling/disabling specific subevents for
+ bank Y.
+
+ When a bit in the bitmask is zero then the respective
+ subevent will not be reported.
+
+ By default all events are enabled.
+
+ Note that BIOS maintain another mask to disable specific events
+ per bank. This is not visible here
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheckX/check_interval
+Contact: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
+Date: Feb, 2007
+Description:
+ The entries appear for each CPU, but they are truly shared
+ between all CPUs.
+
+ How often to poll for corrected machine check errors, in
+ seconds (Note output is hexadecimal). Default 5 minutes.
+ When the poller finds MCEs it triggers an exponential speedup
+ (poll more often) on the polling interval. When the poller
+ stops finding MCEs, it triggers an exponential backoff
+ (poll less often) on the polling interval. The check_interval
+ variable is both the initial and maximum polling interval.
+ 0 means no polling for corrected machine check errors
+ (but some corrected errors might be still reported
+ in other ways)
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheckX/trigger
+Contact: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
+Date: Feb, 2007
+Description:
+ The entries appear for each CPU, but they are truly shared
+ between all CPUs.
+
+ Program to run when a machine check event is detected.
+ This is an alternative to running mcelog regularly from cron
+ and allows to detect events faster.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheckX/monarch_timeout
+Contact: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
+Date: Feb, 2007
+Description:
+ How long to wait for the other CPUs to machine check too on a
+ exception. 0 to disable waiting for other CPUs.
+
+ Unit: us
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheckX/ignore_ce
+Contact: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Date: Jun 2009
+Description:
+ Disables polling and CMCI for corrected errors.
+ All corrected events are not cleared and kept in bank MSRs.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheckX/dont_log_ce
+Contact: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Date: Jun 2009
+Description:
+ Disables logging for corrected errors.
+ All reported corrected errors will be cleared silently.
+
+ This option will be useful if you never care about corrected
+ errors.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheckX/cmci_disabled
+Contact: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Date: Jun 2009
+Description:
+ Disables the CMCI feature.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-memory-page-offline b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-memory-page-offline
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..00f4e35f916f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-memory-page-offline
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+What: /sys/devices/system/memory/soft_offline_page
+Date: Sep 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.33
+Contact: andi@firstfloor.org
+Description:
+ Soft-offline the memory page containing the physical address
+ written into this file. Input is a hex number specifying the
+ physical address of the page. The kernel will then attempt
+ to soft-offline it, by moving the contents elsewhere or
+ dropping it if possible. The kernel will then be placed
+ on the bad page list and never be reused.
+
+ The offlining is done in kernel specific granularity.
+ Normally it's the base page size of the kernel, but
+ this might change.
+
+ The page must be still accessible, not poisoned. The
+ kernel will never kill anything for this, but rather
+ fail the offline. Return value is the size of the
+ number, or a error when the offlining failed. Reading
+ the file is not allowed.
+
+What: /sys/devices/system/memory/hard_offline_page
+Date: Sep 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.33
+Contact: andi@firstfloor.org
+Description:
+ Hard-offline the memory page containing the physical
+ address written into this file. Input is a hex number
+ specifying the physical address of the page. The
+ kernel will then attempt to hard-offline the page, by
+ trying to drop the page or killing any owner or
+ triggering IO errors if needed. Note this may kill
+ any processes owning the page. The kernel will avoid
+ to access this page assuming it's poisoned by the
+ hardware.
+
+ The offlining is done in kernel specific granularity.
+ Normally it's the base page size of the kernel, but
+ this might change.
+
+ Return value is the size of the number, or a error when
+ the offlining failed.
+ Reading the file is not allowed.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-module b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-module
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..62addab47d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-module
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+What: /sys/module/pch_phub/drivers/.../pch_mac
+Date: August 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: masa-korg@dsn.okisemi.com
+Description: Write/read GbE MAC address.
+
+What: /sys/module/pch_phub/drivers/.../pch_firmware
+Date: August 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.35
+Contact: masa-korg@dsn.okisemi.com
+Description: Write/read Option ROM data.
+
+
+What: /sys/module/ehci_hcd/drivers/.../uframe_periodic_max
+Date: July 2011
+KernelVersion: 3.1
+Contact: Kirill Smelkov <kirr@mns.spb.ru>
+Description: Maximum time allowed for periodic transfers per microframe (μs)
+
+ Note:
+ USB 2.0 sets maximum allowed time for periodic transfers per
+ microframe to be 80%, that is 100 microseconds out of 125
+ microseconds (full microframe).
+
+ However there are cases, when 80% max isochronous bandwidth is
+ too limiting. For example two video streams could require 110
+ microseconds of isochronous bandwidth per microframe to work
+ together.
+
+ Through this setting it is possible to raise the limit so that
+ the host controller would allow allocating more than 100
+ microseconds of periodic bandwidth per microframe.
+
+ Beware, non-standard modes are usually not thoroughly tested by
+ hardware designers, and the hardware can malfunction when this
+ setting differ from default 100.
+
+What: /sys/module/*/{coresize,initsize}
+Date: Jan 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+Description: Module size in bytes.
+
+What: /sys/module/*/initstate
+Date: Nov 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.19
+Contact: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+Description: Show the initialization state(live, coming, going) of
+ the module.
+
+What: /sys/module/*/taint
+Date: Jan 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.3
+Contact: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+Description: Module taint flags:
+ == =====================
+ P proprietary module
+ O out-of-tree module
+ F force-loaded module
+ C staging driver module
+ E unsigned module
+ == =====================
+
+What: /sys/module/grant_table/parameters/free_per_iteration
+Date: July 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5 but backported to all supported stable branches
+Contact: Xen developer discussion <xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org>
+Description: Read and write number of grant entries to attempt to free per iteration.
+
+ Note: Future versions of Xen and Linux may provide a better
+ interface for controlling the rate of deferred grant reclaim
+ or may not need it at all.
+Users: Qubes OS (https://www.qubes-os.org)
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-nvmem-cells b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-nvmem-cells
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c7c9444f92a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-nvmem-cells
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/bus/nvmem/devices/.../cells/<cell-name>
+Date: May 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: Miquel Raynal <miquel.raynal@bootlin.com>
+Description:
+ The "cells" folder contains one file per cell exposed by the
+ NVMEM device. The name of the file is: "<name>@<byte>,<bit>",
+ with <name> being the cell name and <where> its location in
+ the NVMEM device, in hexadecimal bytes and bits (without the
+ '0x' prefix, to mimic device tree node names). The length of
+ the file is the size of the cell (when known). The content of
+ the file is the binary content of the cell (may sometimes be
+ ASCII, likely without trailing character).
+ Note: This file is only present if CONFIG_NVMEM_SYSFS
+ is enabled.
+
+ Example::
+
+ hexdump -C /sys/bus/nvmem/devices/1-00563/cells/product-name@d,0
+ 00000000 54 4e 34 38 4d 2d 50 2d 44 4e |TN48M-P-DN|
+ 0000000a
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ocfs2 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ocfs2
index b7cc516a8a8a..494d7c1ac710 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ocfs2
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ocfs2
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
What: /sys/fs/ocfs2/
Date: April 2008
-Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
+Contact: ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev
Description:
The /sys/fs/ocfs2 directory contains knobs used by the
ocfs2-tools to interact with the filesystem.
What: /sys/fs/ocfs2/max_locking_protocol
Date: April 2008
-Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
+Contact: ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev
Description:
The /sys/fs/ocfs2/max_locking_protocol file displays version
of ocfs2 locking supported by the filesystem. This version
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Description:
What: /sys/fs/ocfs2/loaded_cluster_plugins
Date: April 2008
-Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
+Contact: ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev
Description:
The /sys/fs/ocfs2/loaded_cluster_plugins file describes
the available plugins to support ocfs2 cluster operation.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Description:
What: /sys/fs/ocfs2/active_cluster_plugin
Date: April 2008
-Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
+Contact: ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev
Description:
The /sys/fs/ocfs2/active_cluster_plugin displays which
cluster plugin is currently in use by the filesystem.
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Description:
What: /sys/fs/ocfs2/cluster_stack
Date: April 2008
-Contact: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
+Contact: ocfs2-devel@lists.linux.dev
Description:
The /sys/fs/ocfs2/cluster_stack file contains the name
of current ocfs2 cluster stack. This value is set by
@@ -86,4 +86,4 @@ Description:
stack return an error.
Users:
- ocfs2-tools <ocfs2-tools-devel@oss.oracle.com>
+ ocfs2-tools <ocfs2-tools-devel@lists.linux.dev>
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-alienware-wmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-alienware-wmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4877b3745f4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-alienware-wmi
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+What: /sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/fanY_boost
+Date: March 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: Kurt Borja <kuurtb@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file exposes fan boost control for Dell gaming laptops with
+ the AWCC WMI interface.
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/alienware-wmi.rst for
+ details.
+
+ Integer value in the range 0 to 255
+
+ RW
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-asus-laptop b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-asus-laptop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c78d358dbdbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-asus-laptop
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/asus_laptop/display
+Date: January 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.20
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ This file allows display switching. The value
+ is composed by 4 bits and defined as follow::
+
+ 4321
+ |||`- LCD
+ ||`-- CRT
+ |`--- TV
+ `---- DVI
+
+ Ex:
+ - 0 (0000b) means no display
+ - 3 (0011b) CRT+LCD.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/asus_laptop/gps
+Date: January 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.20
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Control the gps device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+Users: Lapsus
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/asus_laptop/ledd
+Date: January 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.20
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Some models like the W1N have a LED display that can be
+ used to display several items of information.
+ To control the LED display, use the following::
+
+ echo 0x0T000DDD > /sys/devices/platform/asus_laptop/
+
+ where T control the 3 letters display, and DDD the 3 digits display.
+ The DDD table can be found in Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/asus-laptop.rst
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/asus_laptop/bluetooth
+Date: January 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.20
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Control the bluetooth device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+ This may control the led, the device or both.
+Users: Lapsus
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/asus_laptop/wlan
+Date: January 2007
+KernelVersion: 2.6.20
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Control the wlan device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+ This may control the led, the device or both.
+Users: Lapsus
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/asus_laptop/wimax
+Date: October 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Control the wimax device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/asus_laptop/wwan
+Date: October 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Control the wwan (3G) device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-asus-wmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-asus-wmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..28144371a0f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-asus-wmi
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/cpufv
+Date: Oct 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Change CPU clock configuration (write-only).
+ There are three available clock configuration:
+
+ * 0 -> Super Performance Mode
+ * 1 -> High Performance Mode
+ * 2 -> Power Saving Mode
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/camera
+Date: Jan 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Control the camera. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/cardr
+Date: Jan 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Control the card reader. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/touchpad
+Date: Jan 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.39
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Control the card touchpad. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/lid_resume
+Date: May 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: "AceLan Kao" <acelan.kao@canonical.com>
+Description:
+ Resume on lid open. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/fan_boost_mode
+Date: Sep 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Contact: "Yurii Pavlovskyi" <yurii.pavlovskyi@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Fan boost mode:
+ * 0 - normal,
+ * 1 - overboost,
+ * 2 - silent
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/throttle_thermal_policy
+Date: Dec 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: "Leonid Maksymchuk" <leonmaxx@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Throttle thermal policy mode:
+ * 0 - default,
+ * 1 - overboost,
+ * 2 - silent
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/gpu_mux_mode
+Date: Aug 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Switch the GPU hardware MUX mode. Laptops with this feature can
+ can be toggled to boot with only the dGPU (discrete mode) or in
+ standard Optimus/Hybrid mode. On switch a reboot is required:
+
+ * 0 - Discrete GPU,
+ * 1 - Optimus/Hybrid,
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/dgpu_disable
+Date: Aug 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.17
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Disable discrete GPU:
+ * 0 - Enable dGPU,
+ * 1 - Disable dGPU
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/egpu_enable
+Date: Aug 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.17
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Enable the external GPU paired with ROG X-Flow laptops.
+ Toggling this setting will also trigger ACPI to disable the dGPU:
+
+ * 0 - Disable,
+ * 1 - Enable
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/panel_od
+Date: Aug 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.17
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Enable an LCD response-time boost to reduce or remove ghosting:
+ * 0 - Disable,
+ * 1 - Enable
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/charge_mode
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Get the current charging mode being used:
+ * 1 - Barrel connected charger,
+ * 2 - USB-C charging
+ * 3 - Both connected, barrel used for charging
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/egpu_connected
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Show if the egpu (XG Mobile) is correctly connected:
+ * 0 - False,
+ * 1 - True
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/mini_led_mode
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Change the mini-LED mode:
+ * 0 - Single-zone,
+ * 1 - Multi-zone
+ * 2 - Multi-zone strong (available on newer generation mini-led)
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/available_mini_led_mode
+Date: Apr 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.10
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ List the available mini-led modes.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/ppt_pl1_spl
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Set the Package Power Target total of CPU: PL1 on Intel, SPL on AMD.
+ Shown on Intel+Nvidia or AMD+Nvidia based systems:
+
+ * min=5, max=250
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/ppt_pl2_sppt
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Set the Slow Package Power Tracking Limit of CPU: PL2 on Intel, SPPT,
+ on AMD. Shown on Intel+Nvidia or AMD+Nvidia based systems:
+
+ * min=5, max=250
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/ppt_fppt
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Set the Fast Package Power Tracking Limit of CPU. AMD+Nvidia only:
+ * min=5, max=250
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/ppt_apu_sppt
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Set the APU SPPT limit. Shown on full AMD systems only:
+ * min=5, max=130
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/ppt_platform_sppt
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Set the platform SPPT limit. Shown on full AMD systems only:
+ * min=5, max=130
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/nv_dynamic_boost
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Set the dynamic boost limit of the Nvidia dGPU:
+ * min=5, max=25
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/nv_temp_target
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Set the target temperature limit of the Nvidia dGPU:
+ * min=75, max=87
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/boot_sound
+Date: Apr 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.10
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Set if the BIOS POST sound is played on boot.
+ * 0 - False,
+ * 1 - True
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/mcu_powersave
+Date: Apr 2024
+KernelVersion: 6.10
+Contact: "Luke Jones" <luke@ljones.dev>
+Description:
+ Set if the MCU can go in to low-power mode on system sleep
+ * 0 - False,
+ * 1 - True
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-at91 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-at91
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b146be74b8e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-at91
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/at91_can/net/<iface>/mb0_id
+Date: January 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: Marc Kleine-Budde <kernel@pengutronix.de>
+Description:
+ Value representing the can_id of mailbox 0.
+
+ Default: 0x7ff (standard frame)
+
+ Due to a chip bug (errata 50.2.6.3 & 50.3.5.3 in
+ "AT91SAM9263 Preliminary 6249H-ATARM-27-Jul-09") the
+ contents of mailbox 0 may be send under certain
+ conditions (even if disabled or in rx mode).
+
+ The workaround in the errata suggests not to use the
+ mailbox and load it with an unused identifier.
+
+ In order to use an extended can_id add the
+ CAN_EFF_FLAG (0x80000000U) to the can_id. Example:
+
+ - standard id 0x7ff::
+
+ echo 0x7ff > /sys/class/net/can0/mb0_id
+
+ - extended id 0x1fffffff::
+
+ echo 0x9fffffff > /sys/class/net/can0/mb0_id
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-brcmstb-gisb-arb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-brcmstb-gisb-arb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f1bad92bbe27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-brcmstb-gisb-arb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/devices/../../gisb_arb_timeout
+Date: May 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.17
+Contact: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Returns the currently configured raw timeout value of the
+ Broadcom Set Top Box internal GISB bus arbiter. Minimum value
+ is 1, and maximum value is 0xffffffff.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-brcmstb-memc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-brcmstb-memc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2f2b750ac2fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-brcmstb-memc
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*/srpd
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.21
+Contact: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Self Refresh Power Down (SRPD) inactivity timeout counted in
+ internal DDR controller clock cycles. Possible values range
+ from 0 (disable inactivity timeout) to 65535 (0xffff).
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*/frequency
+Date: July 2022
+KernelVersion: 5.21
+Contact: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ DDR PHY frequency in Hz.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-chipidea-usb-otg b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-chipidea-usb-otg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f58cfb06b160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-chipidea-usb-otg
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ci_hdrc.0/inputs/a_bus_req
+Date: Feb 2014
+Contact: Li Jun <jun.li@nxp.com>
+Description:
+ Can be set and read.
+ Set a_bus_req(A-device bus request) input to be 1 if
+ the application running on the A-device wants to use the bus,
+ and to be 0 when the application no longer wants to use
+ the bus(or wants to work as peripheral). a_bus_req can also
+ be set to 1 by kernel in response to remote wakeup signaling
+ from the B-device, the A-device should decide to resume the bus.
+
+ Valid values are "1" and "0".
+
+ Reading: returns 1 if the application running on the A-device
+ is using the bus as host role, otherwise 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ci_hdrc.0/inputs/a_bus_drop
+Date: Feb 2014
+Contact: Li Jun <jun.li@nxp.com>
+Description:
+ Can be set and read
+ The a_bus_drop(A-device bus drop) input is 1 when the
+ application running on the A-device wants to power down
+ the bus, and is 0 otherwise, When a_bus_drop is 1, then
+ the a_bus_req shall be 0.
+
+ Valid values are "1" and "0".
+
+ Reading: returns 1 if the bus is off(vbus is turned off) by
+ A-device, otherwise 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ci_hdrc.0/inputs/b_bus_req
+Date: Feb 2014
+Contact: Li Jun <jun.li@nxp.com>
+Description:
+ Can be set and read.
+ The b_bus_req(B-device bus request) input is 1 during the time
+ that the application running on the B-device wants to use the
+ bus as host, and is 0 when the application no longer wants to
+ work as host and decides to switch back to be peripheral.
+
+ Valid values are "1" and "0".
+
+ Reading: returns if the application running on the B device
+ is using the bus as host role, otherwise 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ci_hdrc.0/inputs/a_clr_err
+Date: Feb 2014
+Contact: Li Jun <jun.li@nxp.com>
+Description:
+ Only can be set.
+ The a_clr_err(A-device Vbus error clear) input is used to clear
+ vbus error, then A-device will power down the bus.
+
+ Valid value is "1"
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-chipidea-usb2 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-chipidea-usb2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b9f7d924f28a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-chipidea-usb2
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/ci_hdrc.0/role
+Date: Mar 2017
+Contact: Peter Chen <peter.chen@nxp.com>
+Description:
+ When read, it returns string "gadget" or "host", indicating
+ the current controller role.
+
+ It will do role switch when "gadget" or "host" is written to it.
+ Only controller at dual-role configuration supports writing.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-laptop b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-laptop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..701529653283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-laptop
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+What: /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/als_enabled
+Date: December 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Gabriele Mazzotta <gabriele.mzt@gmail.com>,
+ Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file allows to control the automatic keyboard
+ illumination mode on some systems that have an ambient
+ light sensor. Write 1 to this file to enable the auto
+ mode, 0 to disable it.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/als_setting
+Date: December 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Gabriele Mazzotta <gabriele.mzt@gmail.com>,
+ Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file allows to specify the on/off threshold value,
+ as reported by the ambient light sensor.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/start_triggers
+Date: December 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Gabriele Mazzotta <gabriele.mzt@gmail.com>,
+ Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file allows to control the input triggers that
+ turn on the keyboard backlight illumination that is
+ disabled because of inactivity.
+ Read the file to see the triggers available. The ones
+ enabled are preceded by '+', those disabled by '-'.
+
+ To enable a trigger, write its name preceded by '+' to
+ this file. To disable a trigger, write its name preceded
+ by '-' instead.
+
+ For example, to enable the keyboard as trigger run::
+
+ echo +keyboard > /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/start_triggers
+
+ To disable it::
+
+ echo -keyboard > /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/start_triggers
+
+ Note that not all the available triggers can be configured.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/stop_timeout
+Date: December 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.19
+Contact: Gabriele Mazzotta <gabriele.mzt@gmail.com>,
+ Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ This file allows to specify the interval after which the
+ keyboard illumination is disabled because of inactivity.
+ The timeouts are expressed in seconds, minutes, hours and
+ days, for which the symbols are 's', 'm', 'h' and 'd'
+ respectively.
+
+ To configure the timeout, write to this file a value along
+ with any the above units. If no unit is specified, the value
+ is assumed to be expressed in seconds.
+
+ For example, to set the timeout to 10 minutes run::
+
+ echo 10m > /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/stop_timeout
+
+ Note that when this file is read, the returned value might be
+ expressed in a different unit than the one used when the timeout
+ was set.
+
+ Also note that only some timeouts are supported and that
+ some systems might fall back to a specific timeout in case
+ an invalid timeout is written to this file.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-privacy-wmi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-privacy-wmi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b4da7b2ea0ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-privacy-wmi
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/6932965F-1671-4CEB-B988-D3AB0A901919[-X]/dell_privacy_supported_type
+Date: Apr 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: "<perry.yuan@dell.com>"
+Description:
+ Display which dell hardware level privacy devices are supported
+ “Dell Privacy†is a set of HW, FW, and SW features to enhance
+ Dell’s commitment to platform privacy for MIC, Camera, and
+ ePrivacy screens.
+ The supported hardware privacy devices are:
+
+ Attributes:
+ Microphone Mute:
+ Identifies the local microphone can be muted by hardware, no applications
+ is available to capture system mic sound
+
+ Camera Shutter:
+ Identifies camera shutter controlled by hardware, which is a micromechanical
+ shutter assembly that is built onto the camera module to block capturing images
+ from outside the laptop
+
+ Values:
+
+ supported:
+ The privacy device is supported by this system
+
+ unsupported:
+ The privacy device is not supported on this system
+
+ For example to check which privacy devices are supported::
+
+ # cat /sys/bus/wmi/drivers/dell-privacy/6932965F-1671-4CEB-B988-D3AB0A901919*/dell_privacy_supported_type
+ [Microphone Mute] [supported]
+ [Camera Shutter] [supported]
+ [ePrivacy Screen] [unsupported]
+
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/6932965F-1671-4CEB-B988-D3AB0A901919[-X]/dell_privacy_current_state
+Date: Apr 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: "<perry.yuan@dell.com>"
+Description:
+ Allow user space to check current dell privacy device state.
+ Describes the Device State class exposed by BIOS which can be
+ consumed by various applications interested in knowing the Privacy
+ feature capabilities
+
+ Attributes:
+ Microphone:
+ Identifies the local microphone can be muted by hardware, no applications
+ is available to capture system mic sound
+
+ Camera Shutter:
+ Identifies camera shutter controlled by hardware, which is a micromechanical
+ shutter assembly that is built onto the camera module to block capturing images
+ from outside the laptop
+
+ Values:
+ muted:
+ Identifies the privacy device is turned off
+ and cannot send stream to OS applications
+
+ unmuted:
+ Identifies the privacy device is turned on,
+ audio or camera driver can get stream from mic
+ and camera module to OS applications
+
+ For example to check all supported current privacy device states::
+
+ # cat /sys/bus/wmi/drivers/dell-privacy/6932965F-1671-4CEB-B988-D3AB0A901919*/dell_privacy_current_state
+ [Microphone] [unmuted]
+ [Camera Shutter] [unmuted]
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-smbios b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-smbios
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5583da581025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-smbios
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/tokens/*
+Date: November 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: Dell.Client.Kernel@dell.com
+Description:
+ A read-only description of Dell platform tokens
+ available on the machine.
+
+ Each token attribute is available as a pair of
+ sysfs attributes readable by a process with
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
+
+ For example the token ID "5" would be available
+ as the following attributes:
+
+ - 0005_location
+ - 0005_value
+
+ Tokens will vary from machine to machine, and
+ only tokens available on that machine will be
+ displayed.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-wmi-ddv b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-wmi-ddv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a9d39d9e8865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-wmi-ddv
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/class/power_supply/<battery_name>/eppid
+Date: September 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.1
+Contact: Armin Wolf <W_Armin@gmx.de>
+Description:
+ Reports the Dell ePPID (electronic Piece Part Identification)
+ of the ACPI battery.
+
+ See Documentation/wmi/devices/dell-wmi-ddv.rst for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dfl-fme b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dfl-fme
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2d5b78d2cf51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dfl-fme
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/ports_num
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. One DFL FPGA device may have more than 1
+ port/Accelerator Function Unit (AFU). It returns the
+ number of ports on the FPGA device when read it.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/bitstream_id
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns Bitstream (static FPGA region)
+ identifier number, which includes the detailed version
+ and other information of this static FPGA region.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/bitstream_metadata
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns Bitstream (static FPGA region) meta
+ data, which includes the synthesis date, seed and other
+ information of this static FPGA region.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/cache_size
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns cache size of this FPGA device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/fabric_version
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns fabric version of this FPGA device.
+ Userspace applications need this information to select
+ best data channels per different fabric design.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/socket_id
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns socket_id to indicate which socket
+ this FPGA belongs to, only valid for integrated solution.
+ User only needs this information, in case standard numa node
+ can't provide correct information.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/errors/pcie0_errors
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Write. Read this file for errors detected on pcie0 link.
+ Write this file to clear errors logged in pcie0_errors. Write
+ fails with -EINVAL if input parsing fails or input error code
+ doesn't match.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/errors/pcie1_errors
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Write. Read this file for errors detected on pcie1 link.
+ Write this file to clear errors logged in pcie1_errors. Write
+ fails with -EINVAL if input parsing fails or input error code
+ doesn't match.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/errors/nonfatal_errors
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns non-fatal errors detected.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/errors/catfatal_errors
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns catastrophic and fatal errors detected.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/errors/inject_errors
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Write. Read this file to check errors injected. Write this
+ file to inject errors for testing purpose. Write fails with
+ -EINVAL if input parsing fails or input inject error code isn't
+ supported.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/errors/fme_errors
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Write. Read this file to get errors detected on FME.
+ Write this file to clear errors logged in fme_errors. Write
+ fails with -EINVAL if input parsing fails or input error code
+ doesn't match.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/errors/first_error
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Read this file to get the first error detected by
+ hardware.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/errors/next_error
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Read this file to get the second error detected by
+ hardware.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/name
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Only. Read this file to get the name of hwmon device, it
+ supports values:
+
+ ================= =========================
+ 'dfl_fme_thermal' thermal hwmon device name
+ 'dfl_fme_power' power hwmon device name
+ ================= =========================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/temp1_input
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Only. It returns FPGA device temperature in millidegrees
+ Celsius.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/temp1_max
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Only. It returns hardware threshold1 temperature in
+ millidegrees Celsius. If temperature rises at or above this
+ threshold, hardware starts 50% or 90% throttling (see
+ 'temp1_max_policy').
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/temp1_crit
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Only. It returns hardware threshold2 temperature in
+ millidegrees Celsius. If temperature rises at or above this
+ threshold, hardware starts 100% throttling.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/temp1_emergency
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Only. It returns hardware trip threshold temperature in
+ millidegrees Celsius. If temperature rises at or above this
+ threshold, a fatal event will be triggered to board management
+ controller (BMC) to shutdown FPGA.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/temp1_max_alarm
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns 1 if temperature is currently at or above
+ hardware threshold1 (see 'temp1_max'), otherwise 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/temp1_crit_alarm
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns 1 if temperature is currently at or above
+ hardware threshold2 (see 'temp1_crit'), otherwise 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/temp1_max_policy
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Only. Read this file to get the policy of hardware threshold1
+ (see 'temp1_max'). It only supports two values (policies):
+
+ == ==========================
+ 0 AP2 state (90% throttling)
+ 1 AP1 state (50% throttling)
+ == ==========================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/power1_input
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Only. It returns current FPGA power consumption in uW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/power1_max
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Write. Read this file to get current hardware power
+ threshold1 in uW. If power consumption rises at or above
+ this threshold, hardware starts 50% throttling.
+ Write this file to set current hardware power threshold1 in uW.
+ As hardware only accepts values in Watts, so input value will
+ be round down per Watts (< 1 watts part will be discarded) and
+ clamped within the range from 0 to 127 Watts. Write fails with
+ -EINVAL if input parsing fails.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/power1_crit
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Write. Read this file to get current hardware power
+ threshold2 in uW. If power consumption rises at or above
+ this threshold, hardware starts 90% throttling.
+ Write this file to set current hardware power threshold2 in uW.
+ As hardware only accepts values in Watts, so input value will
+ be round down per Watts (< 1 watts part will be discarded) and
+ clamped within the range from 0 to 127 Watts. Write fails with
+ -EINVAL if input parsing fails.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/power1_max_alarm
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns 1 if power consumption is currently at or
+ above hardware threshold1 (see 'power1_max'), otherwise 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/power1_crit_alarm
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns 1 if power consumption is currently at or
+ above hardware threshold2 (see 'power1_crit'), otherwise 0.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/power1_xeon_limit
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Only. It returns power limit for XEON in uW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/power1_fpga_limit
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Only. It returns power limit for FPGA in uW.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-fme.0/hwmon/hwmonX/power1_ltr
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Read this file to get current Latency Tolerance
+ Reporting (ltr) value. It returns 1 if all Accelerated
+ Function Units (AFUs) can tolerate latency >= 40us for memory
+ access or 0 if any AFU is latency sensitive (< 40us).
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dfl-port b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dfl-port
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..65658267fcc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dfl-port
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/id
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It returns id of this port. One DFL FPGA device
+ may have more than one port. Userspace could use this id to
+ distinguish different ports under same FPGA device.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/afu_id
+Date: June 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.19
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. User can program different PR bitstreams to FPGA
+ Accelerator Function Unit (AFU) for different functions. It
+ returns uuid which could be used to identify which PR bitstream
+ is programmed in this AFU.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/power_state
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. It reports the APx (AFU Power) state, different APx
+ means different throttling level. When reading this file, it
+ returns "0" - Normal / "1" - AP1 / "2" - AP2 / "6" - AP6.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/ap1_event
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-write. Read this file for AP1 (AFU Power State 1) event.
+ It's used to indicate transient AP1 state. Write 1 to this
+ file to clear AP1 event.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/ap2_event
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-write. Read this file for AP2 (AFU Power State 2) event.
+ It's used to indicate transient AP2 state. Write 1 to this
+ file to clear AP2 event.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/ltr
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-write. Read or set AFU latency tolerance reporting value.
+ Set ltr to 1 if the AFU can tolerate latency >= 40us or set it
+ to 0 if it is latency sensitive.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/userclk_freqcmd
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Write-only. User writes command to this interface to set
+ userclock to AFU.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/userclk_freqsts
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Read this file to get the status of issued command
+ to userclck_freqcmd.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/userclk_freqcntrcmd
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Write-only. User writes command to this interface to set
+ userclock counter.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/userclk_freqcntrsts
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Read this file to get the status of issued command
+ to userclck_freqcntrcmd.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/errors/errors
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-Write. Read this file to get errors detected on port and
+ Accelerated Function Unit (AFU). Write error code to this file
+ to clear errors. Write fails with -EINVAL if input parsing
+ fails or input error code doesn't match. Write fails with
+ -EBUSY or -ETIMEDOUT if error can't be cleared as hardware
+ in low power state (-EBUSY) or not respoding (-ETIMEDOUT).
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/errors/first_error
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Read this file to get the first error detected by
+ hardware.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/dfl-port.0/errors/first_malformed_req
+Date: August 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.4
+Contact: Wu Hao <hao.wu@intel.com>
+Description: Read-only. Read this file to get the first malformed request
+ captured by hardware.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dptf b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dptf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..620fd20434a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dptf
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3407:00/dptf_power/charger_type
+Date: Jul, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The charger type - Traditional, Hybrid or NVDC.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3407:00/dptf_power/adapter_rating_mw
+Date: Jul, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Adapter rating in milliwatts (the maximum Adapter power).
+ Must be 0 if no AC Adaptor is plugged in.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3407:00/dptf_power/max_platform_power_mw
+Date: Jul, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Maximum platform power that can be supported by the battery
+ in milliwatts.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3407:00/dptf_power/platform_power_source
+Date: Jul, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Display the platform power source
+
+ ========= ============================
+ bits[3:0] Current power source
+ - 0x00 = DC
+ - 0x01 = AC
+ - 0x02 = USB
+ - 0x03 = Wireless Charger
+ bits[7:4] Power source sequence number
+ ========= ============================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3407:00/dptf_power/battery_steady_power
+Date: Jul, 2016
+KernelVersion: v4.10
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The maximum sustained power for battery in milliwatts.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3407:00/dptf_power/rest_of_platform_power_mw
+Date: June, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.8
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Shows the rest (outside of SoC) of worst-case platform power.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3407:00/dptf_power/prochot_confirm
+Date: June, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.8
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (WO) Confirm embedded controller about a prochot notification.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3532:00/dptf_battery/max_platform_power_mw
+Date: June, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.8
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The maximum platform power that can be supported by the battery in milli watts.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3532:00/dptf_battery/max_steady_state_power_mw
+Date: June, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.8
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The maximum sustained power for battery in milli watts.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3532:00/dptf_battery/high_freq_impedance_mohm
+Date: June, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.8
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The high frequency impedance value that can be obtained from battery
+ fuel gauge in milli Ohms.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3532:00/dptf_battery/no_load_voltage_mv
+Date: June, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.8
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The no-load voltage that can be obtained from battery fuel gauge in
+ milli volts.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INT3532:00/dptf_battery/current_discharge_capbility_ma
+Date: June, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.8
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) The battery discharge current capability obtained from battery fuel gauge in
+ milli Amps.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INTC1045:00/pch_fivr_switch_frequency/freq_mhz_low_clock
+Date: November, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The PCH FIVR (Fully Integrated Voltage Regulator) switching frequency in MHz,
+ when FIVR clock is 19.2MHz or 24MHz.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INTC1045:00/pch_fivr_switch_frequency/freq_mhz_high_clock
+Date: November, 2020
+KernelVersion: v5.10
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RW) The PCH FIVR (Fully Integrated Voltage Regulator) switching frequency in MHz,
+ when FIVR clock is 38.4MHz.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INTC1045:00/pch_fivr_switch_frequency/fivr_switching_freq_mhz
+Date: September, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.15
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Get the FIVR switching control frequency in MHz.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INTC1045:00/pch_fivr_switch_frequency/fivr_switching_fault_status
+Date: September, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.15
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Read the FIVR switching frequency control fault status.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/INTC1045:00/pch_fivr_switch_frequency/ssc_clock_info
+Date: September, 2021
+KernelVersion: v5.15
+Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ (RO) Presents SSC (spread spectrum clock) information for EMI
+ (Electro magnetic interference) control. This is a bit mask.
+
+ ======= ==========================================
+ Bits Description
+ ======= ==========================================
+ [7:0] Sets clock spectrum spread percentage:
+ 0x00=0.2% , 0x3F=10%
+ 1 LSB = 0.1% increase in spread (for
+ settings 0x01 thru 0x1C)
+ 1 LSB = 0.2% increase in spread (for
+ settings 0x1E thru 0x3F)
+ [8] When set to 1, enables spread
+ spectrum clock
+ [9] 0: Triangle mode. FFC frequency
+ walks around the Fcenter in a linear
+ fashion
+ 1: Random walk mode. FFC frequency
+ changes randomly within the SSC
+ (Spread spectrum clock) range
+ [10] 0: No white noise. 1: Add white noise
+ to spread waveform
+ [11] When 1, future writes are ignored.
+ ======= ==========================================
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-eeepc-laptop b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-eeepc-laptop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..70dbe0733cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-eeepc-laptop
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/eeepc/disp
+Date: May 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ This file allows display switching.
+
+ - 1 = LCD
+ - 2 = CRT
+ - 3 = LCD+CRT
+
+ If you run X11, you should use xrandr instead.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/eeepc/camera
+Date: May 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Control the camera. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/eeepc/cardr
+Date: May 2008
+KernelVersion: 2.6.26
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Control the card reader. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/eeepc/cpufv
+Date: Jun 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ Change CPU clock configuration.
+ On the Eee PC 1000H there are three available clock configuration:
+
+ * 0 -> Super Performance Mode
+ * 1 -> High Performance Mode
+ * 2 -> Power Saving Mode
+
+ On Eee PC 701 there is only 2 available clock configurations.
+ Available configuration are listed in available_cpufv file.
+ Reading this file will show the raw hexadecimal value which
+ is defined as follow::
+
+ | 8 bit | 8 bit |
+ | `---- Current mode
+ `------------ Availables modes
+
+ For example, 0x301 means: mode 1 selected, 3 available modes.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/eeepc/available_cpufv
+Date: Jun 2009
+KernelVersion: 2.6.31
+Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
+Description:
+ List available cpufv modes.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-hidma b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-hidma
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a80aeda85ef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-hidma
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-*/chid
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8061:*/chid
+Date: Dec 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Contains the ID of the channel within the HIDMA instance.
+ It is used to associate a given HIDMA channel with the
+ priority and weight calls in the management interface.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-hidma-mgmt b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-hidma-mgmt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0373745b4e18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-hidma-mgmt
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/chanops/chan*/priority
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/chanops/chan*/priority
+Date: Nov 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Contains either 0 or 1 and indicates if the DMA channel is a
+ low priority (0) or high priority (1) channel.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/chanops/chan*/weight
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/chanops/chan*/weight
+Date: Nov 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Contains 0..15 and indicates the weight of the channel among
+ equal priority channels during round robin scheduling.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/chreset_timeout_cycles
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/chreset_timeout_cycles
+Date: Nov 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Contains the platform specific cycle value to wait after a
+ reset command is issued. If the value is chosen too short,
+ then the HW will issue a reset failure interrupt. The value
+ is platform specific and should not be changed without
+ consultance.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/dma_channels
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/dma_channels
+Date: Nov 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Contains the number of dma channels supported by one instance
+ of HIDMA hardware. The value may change from chip to chip.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/hw_version_major
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/hw_version_major
+Date: Nov 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Version number major for the hardware.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/hw_version_minor
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/hw_version_minor
+Date: Nov 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Version number minor for the hardware.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/max_rd_xactions
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/max_rd_xactions
+Date: Nov 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Contains a value between 0 and 31. Maximum number of
+ read transactions that can be issued back to back.
+ Choosing a higher number gives better performance but
+ can also cause performance reduction to other peripherals
+ sharing the same bus.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/max_read_request
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/max_read_request
+Date: Nov 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Size of each read request. The value needs to be a power
+ of two and can be between 128 and 1024.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/max_wr_xactions
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/max_wr_xactions
+Date: Nov 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Contains a value between 0 and 31. Maximum number of
+ write transactions that can be issued back to back.
+ Choosing a higher number gives better performance but
+ can also cause performance reduction to other peripherals
+ sharing the same bus.
+
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/max_write_request
+ /sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/max_write_request
+Date: Nov 2015
+KernelVersion: 4.4
+Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>"
+Description:
+ Size of each write request. The value needs to be a power
+ of two and can be between 128 and 1024.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-i2c-demux-pinctrl b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-i2c-demux-pinctrl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b6a138b50d99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-i2c-demux-pinctrl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<i2c-demux-name>/available_masters
+Date: January 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: Wolfram Sang <wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.com>
+Description:
+ Reading the file will give you a list of masters which can be
+ selected for a demultiplexed bus. The format is
+ "<index>:<name>". Example from a Renesas Lager board::
+
+ 0:/i2c@e6500000 1:/i2c@e6508000
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<i2c-demux-name>/current_master
+Date: January 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: Wolfram Sang <wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.com>
+Description:
+ This file selects/shows the active I2C master for a demultiplexed
+ bus. It uses the <index> value from the file 'available_masters'.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ideapad-laptop b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ideapad-laptop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5ec0dee9e707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ideapad-laptop
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/VPC2004:*/camera_power
+Date: Dec 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.37
+Contact: "Ike Panhc <ike.pan@canonical.com>"
+Description:
+ Control the power of camera module. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/VPC2004:*/fan_mode
+Date: June 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.6
+Contact: "Maxim Mikityanskiy <maxtram95@gmail.com>"
+Description:
+ Change fan mode
+ There are four available modes:
+
+ * 0 -> Super Silent Mode
+ * 1 -> Standard Mode
+ * 2 -> Dust Cleaning
+ * 4 -> Efficient Thermal Dissipation Mode
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/VPC2004:*/touchpad
+Date: May 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: "Ritesh Raj Sarraf <rrs@debian.org>"
+Description:
+ Control touchpad mode.
+ * 1 -> Switched On
+ * 0 -> Switched Off
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/VPC2004:*/fn_lock
+Date: May 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.18
+Contact: "Oleg Keri <ezhi99@gmail.com>"
+Description:
+ Control fn-lock mode.
+
+ * 1 -> Switched On
+ * 0 -> Switched Off
+
+ For example::
+
+ # echo "0" > \
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.0/PNP0C09:00/VPC2004:00/fn_lock
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/VPC2004:*/usb_charging
+Date: Feb 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.12
+Contact: platform-driver-x86@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+ Controls whether the "always on USB charging" feature is
+ enabled or not. This feature enables charging USB devices
+ even if the computer is not turned on.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-ifs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-ifs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..41b4d5b1e21c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-ifs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+Device instance to test mapping
+intel_ifs_0 -> Scan Test
+intel_ifs_1 -> Array BIST test
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/intel_ifs_<N>/run_test
+Date: Nov 16 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: "Jithu Joseph" <jithu.joseph@intel.com>
+Description: Write <cpu#> to trigger IFS test for one online core.
+ Note that the test is per core. The cpu# can be
+ for any thread on the core. Running on one thread
+ completes the test for the core containing that thread.
+ Example: to test the core containing cpu5: echo 5 >
+ /sys/devices/virtual/misc/intel_ifs_<N>/run_test
+Devices: all
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/intel_ifs_<N>/status
+Date: Nov 16 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: "Jithu Joseph" <jithu.joseph@intel.com>
+Description: The status of the last test. It can be one of "pass", "fail"
+ or "untested".
+Devices: all
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/intel_ifs_<N>/details
+Date: Nov 16 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: "Jithu Joseph" <jithu.joseph@intel.com>
+Description: Additional information regarding the last test. The details file reports
+ the hex value of the STATUS MSR for this test. Note that the error_code field
+ may contain driver defined software code not defined in the Intel SDM.
+Devices: all
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/intel_ifs_<N>/image_version
+Date: Nov 16 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: "Jithu Joseph" <jithu.joseph@intel.com>
+Description: Version (hexadecimal) of loaded IFS test image. If no test image
+ is loaded reports "none". Only present for device instances where a test image
+ is applicable.
+Devices: intel_ifs_0
+
+What: /sys/devices/virtual/misc/intel_ifs_<N>/current_batch
+Date: Nov 16 2022
+KernelVersion: 6.2
+Contact: "Jithu Joseph" <jithu.joseph@intel.com>
+Description: Write a number less than or equal to 0xff to load an IFS test image.
+ The number written treated as the 2 digit suffix in the following file name:
+ /lib/firmware/intel/ifs_<N>/ff-mm-ss-02x.scan
+ Reading the file will provide the suffix of the currently loaded IFS test image.
+ This file is present only for device instances where a test image is applicable.
+Devices: intel_ifs_0
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-pmc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-pmc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f31d59b21f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-pmc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/etr3
+Date: Apr 2021
+KernelVersion: 5.13
+Contact: "Tomas Winkler" <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
+Description:
+ The file exposes "Extended Test Mode Register 3" global
+ reset bits. The bits are used during an Intel platform
+ manufacturing process to indicate that consequent reset
+ of the platform is a "global reset". This type of reset
+ is required in order for manufacturing configurations
+ to take effect.
+
+ Display global reset setting bits for PMC.
+
+ * bit 31 - global reset is locked
+ * bit 20 - global reset is set
+
+ Writing bit 20 value to the etr3 will induce
+ a platform "global reset" upon consequent platform reset,
+ in case the register is not locked.
+ The "global reset bit" should be locked on a production
+ system and the file is in read-only mode.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-wmi-sbl-fw-update b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-wmi-sbl-fw-update
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7ffd1579b8f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-wmi-sbl-fw-update
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/44FADEB1-B204-40F2-8581-394BBDC1B651[-X]/firmware_update_request
+Date: April 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.7
+Contact: "Jithu Joseph" <jithu.joseph@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Allow user space entities to trigger update of Slim
+ Bootloader (SBL). This attribute normally has a value
+ of 0 and userspace can signal SBL to update firmware,
+ on next reboot, by writing a value of 1.
+ There are two available states:
+
+ * 0 -> Skip firmware update while rebooting
+ * 1 -> Attempt firmware update on next reboot
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-wmi-thunderbolt b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-wmi-thunderbolt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..10ef1282c9d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-intel-wmi-thunderbolt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+What: /sys/bus/wmi/devices/86CCFD48-205E-4A77-9C48-2021CBEDE341[-X]/force_power
+Date: September 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.15
+Contact: "Mario Limonciello" <mario.limonciello@outlook.com>
+Description:
+ Modify the platform force power state, influencing
+ Thunderbolt controllers to turn on or off when no
+ devices are connected (write-only)
+ There are two available states:
+
+ * 0 -> Force power disabled
+ * 1 -> Force power enabled
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-kim b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-kim
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0a38caa62a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-kim
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/kim/dev_name
+Date: January 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: "Pavan Savoy" <pavan_savoy@ti.com>
+Description:
+ Name of the UART device at which the WL128x chip
+ is connected. example: "/dev/ttyS0".
+
+ The device name flows down to architecture specific board
+ initialization file from the ATAGS bootloader
+ firmware. The name exposed is read from the user-space
+ daemon and opens the device when install is requested.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/kim/baud_rate
+Date: January 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: "Pavan Savoy" <pavan_savoy@ti.com>
+Description:
+ The maximum reliable baud-rate the host can support.
+ Different platforms tend to have different high-speed
+ UART configurations, so the baud-rate needs to be set
+ locally and also sent across to the WL128x via a HCI-VS
+ command. The entry is read and made use by the user-space
+ daemon when the ldisc install is requested.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/kim/flow_cntrl
+Date: January 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: "Pavan Savoy" <pavan_savoy@ti.com>
+Description:
+ The WL128x makes use of flow control mechanism, and this
+ entry most often should be 1, the host's UART is required
+ to have the capability of flow-control, or else this
+ entry can be made use of for exceptions.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/kim/install
+Date: January 2010
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: "Pavan Savoy" <pavan_savoy@ti.com>
+Description:
+ When one of the protocols Bluetooth, FM or GPS wants to make
+ use of the shared UART transport, it registers to the shared
+ transport driver, which will signal the user-space for opening,
+ configuring baud and install line discipline via this sysfs
+ entry. This entry would be polled upon by the user-space
+ daemon managing the UART, and is notified about the change
+ by the sysfs_notify. The value would be '1' when UART needs
+ to be opened/ldisc installed, and would be '0' when UART
+ is no more required and needs to be closed.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-lg-laptop b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-lg-laptop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0570cd524d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-lg-laptop
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/lg-laptop/reader_mode
+Date: October 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.20
+Contact: "Matan Ziv-Av <matan@svgalib.org>
+Description:
+ Control reader mode. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/lg-laptop/fn_lock
+Date: October 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.20
+Contact: "Matan Ziv-Av <matan@svgalib.org>
+Description:
+ Control FN lock mode. 1 means on, 0 means off.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/lg-laptop/battery_care_limit
+Date: October 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.20
+Contact: "Matan Ziv-Av <matan@svgalib.org>
+Description:
+ Deprecated use /sys/class/power_supply/CMB0/charge_control_end_threshold
+ Maximal battery charge level. Accepted values are 80 or 100.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/lg-laptop/fan_mode
+Date: October 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.20
+Contact: "Matan Ziv-Av <matan@svgalib.org>
+Description:
+ Control fan mode. 1 for performance mode, 0 for silent mode.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/lg-laptop/usb_charge
+Date: October 2018
+KernelVersion: 4.20
+Contact: "Matan Ziv-Av <matan@svgalib.org>
+Description:
+ Control USB port charging when device is turned off.
+ 1 means on, 0 means off.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-mellanox-bootctl b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-mellanox-bootctl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..09f783fa0a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-mellanox-bootctl
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/lifecycle_state
+Date: Oct 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: "Liming Sun <lsun@mellanox.com>"
+Description:
+ The Life-cycle state of the SoC, which could be one of the
+ following values.
+
+ ============== =============================================
+ Production Production state and can be updated to secure
+ GA Secured Secure chip and not able to change state
+ GA Non-Secured Non-Secure chip and not able to change state
+ RMA Return Merchandise Authorization
+ ============== =============================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/post_reset_wdog
+Date: Oct 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: "Liming Sun <lsun@mellanox.com>"
+Description:
+ The watchdog setting in seconds for the next booting. It's used
+ to reboot the chip and recover it to the old state if the new
+ boot partition fails.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/reset_action
+Date: Oct 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: "Liming Sun <lsun@mellanox.com>"
+Description:
+ The source of the boot stream for the next reset. It could be
+ one of the following values:
+
+ =========== ===============================================
+ external boot from external source (USB or PCIe)
+ emmc boot from the onchip eMMC
+ emmc_legacy boot from the onchip eMMC in legacy (slow) mode
+ =========== ===============================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/second_reset_action
+Date: Oct 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: "Liming Sun <lsun@mellanox.com>"
+Description:
+ Update the source of the boot stream after next reset. It could
+ be one of the following values and will be applied after next
+ reset.
+
+ =========== ===============================================
+ external boot from external source (USB or PCIe)
+ emmc boot from the onchip eMMC
+ emmc_legacy boot from the onchip eMMC in legacy (slow) mode
+ swap_emmc swap the primary / secondary boot partition
+ none cancel the action
+ =========== ===============================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/secure_boot_fuse_state
+Date: Oct 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Contact: "Liming Sun <lsun@mellanox.com>"
+Description:
+ The state of eFuse versions with the following values.
+
+ ======= ===============================================
+ InUse burnt, valid and currently in use
+ Used burnt and valid
+ Free not burnt and free to use
+ Skipped not burnt but not free (skipped)
+ Wasted burnt and invalid
+ Invalid not burnt but marked as valid (error state).
+ ======= ===============================================
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/bootfifo
+Date: Apr 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: "Liming Sun <limings@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The file used to access the BlueField boot fifo.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/rsh_log
+Date: May 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.4
+Contact: "Liming Sun <limings@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The file used to write BlueField boot log with the format
+ "[INFO|WARN|ERR|ASSERT ]<msg>". Log level 'INFO' is used by
+ default if not specified.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/oob_mac
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "David Thompson <davthompson@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The "oob_mac" sysfs attribute holds the MAC address for
+ the out-of-band 1Gbps Ethernet port. This MAC address is
+ provided on a board-level label.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/opn
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "David Thompson <davthompson@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The "opn" sysfs attribute holds the board's part number.
+ This value is provided on a board-level label.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/sku
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "David Thompson <davthompson@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The "sku" sysfs attribute holds the board's SKU number.
+ This value is provided on a board-level label.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/modl
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "David Thompson <davthompson@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The "modl" sysfs attribute holds the board's model number.
+ This value is provided on a board-level label.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/sn
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "David Thompson <davthompson@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The "sn" sysfs attribute holds the board's serial number.
+ This value is provided on a board-level label.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/uuid
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "David Thompson <davthompson@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The "uuid" sysfs attribute holds the board's UUID.
+ This value is provided by the manufacturing team.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/rev
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "David Thompson <davthompson@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The "rev" sysfs attribute holds the board's revision.
+ This value is provided on a board-level label.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/mfg_lock
+Date: August 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "David Thompson <davthompson@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The "mfg_lock" sysfs attribute is write-only.
+ A successful write to this attribute will latch the
+ board-level attributes into EEPROM, making them read-only.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/MLNXBF04:00/rtc_battery
+Date: June 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: "Xiangrong Li <xiangrongl@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ The "rtc_battery" sysfs attribute is read-only.
+ A successful read from this attribute returns the status of
+ the board's RTC battery. The RTC battery status register is
+ also cleared upon successful read operation.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-mellanox-pmc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-mellanox-pmc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..29b3f9c58e00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-mellanox-pmc
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+HID Driver Description
+MLNXBFD0 mlxbf-pmc Performance counters (BlueField-1)
+MLNXBFD1 mlxbf-pmc Performance counters (BlueField-2)
+MLNXBFD2 mlxbf-pmc Performance counters (BlueField-3)
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/<HID>/hwmon/hwmonX/<block>/event_list
+Date: Dec 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: "Shravan Kumar Ramani <shravankr@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ List of events supported by the counters in the specific block.
+ It is used to extract the event number or ID associated with
+ each event.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/<HID>/hwmon/hwmonX/<block>/event<N>
+Date: Dec 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: "Shravan Kumar Ramani <shravankr@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ Event monitored by corresponding counter. This is used to
+ program or read back the event that should be or is currently
+ being monitored by counter<N>.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/<HID>/hwmon/hwmonX/<block>/counter<N>
+Date: Dec 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: "Shravan Kumar Ramani <shravankr@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ Counter value of the event being monitored. This is used to
+ read the counter value of the event which was programmed using
+ event<N>. This is also used to clear or reset the counter value
+ by writing 0 to the counter sysfs.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/<HID>/hwmon/hwmonX/<block>/enable
+Date: Dec 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: "Shravan Kumar Ramani <shravankr@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ Start or stop counters. This is used to start the counters
+ for monitoring the programmed events and also to stop the
+ counters after the desired duration. Writing value 1 will
+ start all the counters in the block, and writing 0 will
+ stop all the counters together.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/<HID>/hwmon/hwmonX/<block>/<reg>
+Date: Dec 2020
+KernelVersion: 5.10
+Contact: "Shravan Kumar Ramani <shravankr@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ Value of register. This is used to read or reset the registers
+ where various performance statistics are counted for each block.
+ Writing 0 to the sysfs will clear the counter, writing any other
+ value is not allowed.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/<HID>/hwmon/hwmonX/<block>/count_clock
+Date: Mar 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.14
+Contact: "Shravan Kumar Ramani <shravankr@nvidia.com>"
+Description:
+ Use a counter for counting cycles. This is used to repurpose/dedicate
+ any of the counters in the block to counting cycles. Each counter is
+ represented by a bit (bit 0 for counter0, bit1 for counter1 and so on)
+ and setting the corresponding bit will reserve that specific counter
+ for counting cycles and override the event<N> setting.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-msi-laptop b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-msi-laptop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..307a247ba1ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-msi-laptop
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/msi-laptop-pf/lcd_level
+Date: Oct 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.19
+Contact: "Lennart Poettering <mzxreary@0pointer.de>"
+Description:
+ Screen brightness: contains a single integer in the range 0..8.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/msi-laptop-pf/auto_brightness
+Date: Oct 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.19
+Contact: "Lennart Poettering <mzxreary@0pointer.de>"
+Description:
+ Enable automatic brightness control: contains either 0 or 1. If
+ set to 1 the hardware adjusts the screen brightness
+ automatically when the power cord is plugged/unplugged.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/msi-laptop-pf/wlan
+Date: Oct 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.19
+Contact: "Lennart Poettering <mzxreary@0pointer.de>"
+Description:
+ WLAN subsystem enabled: contains either 0 or 1.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/msi-laptop-pf/bluetooth
+Date: Oct 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.19
+Contact: "Lennart Poettering <mzxreary@0pointer.de>"
+Description:
+ Bluetooth subsystem enabled: contains either 0 or 1. Please
+ note that this file is constantly 0 if no Bluetooth hardware is
+ available.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/msi-laptop-pf/touchpad
+Date: Nov 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: "Maxim Mikityanskiy <maxtram95@gmail.com>"
+Description:
+ Contains either 0 or 1 and indicates if touchpad is turned on.
+ Touchpad state can only be toggled by pressing Fn+F3.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/msi-laptop-pf/turbo_mode
+Date: Nov 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: "Maxim Mikityanskiy <maxtram95@gmail.com>"
+Description:
+ Contains either 0 or 1 and indicates if turbo mode is turned
+ on. In turbo mode power LED is orange and processor is
+ overclocked. Turbo mode is available only if charging. It is
+ only possible to toggle turbo mode state by pressing Fn+F10,
+ and there is a few seconds cooldown between subsequent toggles.
+ If user presses Fn+F10 too frequent, turbo mode state is not
+ changed.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/msi-laptop-pf/eco_mode
+Date: Nov 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: "Maxim Mikityanskiy <maxtram95@gmail.com>"
+Description:
+ Contains either 0 or 1 and indicates if ECO mode is turned on.
+ In ECO mode power LED is green and userspace should do some
+ powersaving actions. ECO mode is available only on battery
+ power. ECO mode can only be toggled by pressing Fn+F10.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/msi-laptop-pf/turbo_cooldown
+Date: Nov 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: "Maxim Mikityanskiy <maxtram95@gmail.com>"
+Description:
+ Contains value in range 0..3:
+ * 0 -> Turbo mode is off
+ * 1 -> Turbo mode is on, cannot be turned off yet
+ * 2 -> Turbo mode is off, cannot be turned on yet
+ * 3 -> Turbo mode is on
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/msi-laptop-pf/auto_fan
+Date: Nov 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.8
+Contact: "Maxim Mikityanskiy <maxtram95@gmail.com>"
+Description:
+ Contains either 0 or 1 and indicates if fan speed is controlled
+ automatically (1) or fan runs at maximal speed (0). Can be
+ toggled in software.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-oxp b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-oxp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b3f39fc21dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-oxp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/tt_toggle
+Date: Jun 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: "Antheas Kapenekakis" <lkml@antheas.dev>
+Description:
+ Takeover TDP controls from the device. OneXPlayer devices have a
+ turbo button that can be used to switch between two TDP modes
+ (usually 15W and 25W). By setting this attribute to 1, this
+ functionality is disabled, handing TDP control over to (Windows)
+ userspace software and the Turbo button turns into a keyboard
+ shortcut over the AT keyboard of the device. In addition,
+ using this setting is a prerequisite for PWM control for most
+ newer models (otherwise it NOOPs).
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/tt_led
+Date: April 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.16
+Contact: "Antheas Kapenekakis" <lkml@antheas.dev>
+Description:
+ Some OneXPlayer devices (e.g., X1 series) feature a little LED
+ nested in the Turbo button. This LED is illuminated when the
+ device is in the higher TDP mode (e.g., 25W). Once tt_toggle
+ is engaged, this LED is left dangling to its last state. This
+ attribute allows userspace to control the LED state manually
+ (either with 1 or 0). Only a subset of devices contain this LED.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-phy-rcar-gen3-usb2 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-phy-rcar-gen3-usb2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bc510ccc37a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-phy-rcar-gen3-usb2
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<phy-name>/role
+Date: October 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.10
+Contact: Yoshihiro Shimoda <yoshihiro.shimoda.uh@renesas.com>
+Description:
+ This file can be read and write.
+ The file can show/change the phy mode for role swap of usb.
+
+ Write the following strings to change the mode:
+
+ - "host" - switching mode from peripheral to host.
+ - "peripheral" - switching mode from host to peripheral.
+
+ Read the file, then it shows the following strings:
+
+ - "host" - The mode is host now.
+ - "peripheral" - The mode is peripheral now.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-power-on-reason b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-power-on-reason
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c3b29dbc64bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-power-on-reason
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/.../power_on_reason
+Date: June 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.5
+Contact: Kamel Bouhara <kamel.bouhara@bootlin.com>
+Description: Shows system power on reason. The following strings/reasons can
+ be read (the list can be extended):
+ "regular power-up", "RTC wakeup", "watchdog timeout",
+ "software reset", "reset button action", "CPU clock failure",
+ "crystal oscillator failure", "brown-out reset",
+ "unknown reason".
+
+ The file is read only.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-renesas_usb3 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-renesas_usb3
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b08379e7fe37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-renesas_usb3
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<renesas_usb3's name>/role
+Date: March 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Yoshihiro Shimoda <yoshihiro.shimoda.uh@renesas.com>
+Description:
+ This file can be read and write.
+ The file can show/change the drd mode of usb.
+
+ Write the following string to change the mode:
+
+ - "host" - switching mode from peripheral to host.
+ - "peripheral" - switching mode from host to peripheral.
+
+ Read the file, then it shows the following strings:
+
+ - "host" - The mode is host now.
+ - "peripheral" - The mode is peripheral now.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-silicom b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-silicom
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4d1cc5bdbcc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-silicom
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/silicom-platform/uc_version
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Henry Shi <henrys@silicom-usa.com>
+Description:
+ This file allows to read microcontroller firmware
+ version of current platform.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/silicom-platform/power_cycle
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Henry Shi <henrys@silicom-usa.com>
+Description:
+ This file allow user to power cycle the platform.
+ Default value is 0; when set to 1, it powers down
+ the platform, waits 5 seconds, then powers on the
+ device. It returns to default value after power cycle.
+
+ 0 - default value.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/silicom-platform/efuse_status
+Date: November 2023
+KernelVersion: 6.7
+Contact: Henry Shi <henrys@silicom-usa.com>
+Description:
+ This file is read only. It returns the current
+ OTP status:
+
+ 0 - not programmed.
+ 1 - programmed.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-sst-atom b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-sst-atom
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4bb2e6135c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-sst-atom
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/8086<x>:00/firmware_version
+Date: November 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.10
+Contact: "Sebastien Guiriec" <sebastien.guiriec@intel.com>
+Description:
+ LPE Firmware version for SST driver on all atom
+ platforms (BYT/CHT/Merrifield/BSW).
+ If the FW has never been loaded it will display::
+
+ "FW not yet loaded"
+
+ If FW has been loaded it will display::
+
+ "v01.aa.bb.cc"
+
+ aa: Major version is reflecting SoC version:
+
+ === =============
+ 0d: BYT FW
+ 0b: BSW FW
+ 07: Merrifield FW
+ === =============
+
+ bb: Minor version
+
+ cc: Build version
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-tahvo-usb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-tahvo-usb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f6e20ce4b538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-tahvo-usb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/tahvo-usb/otg_mode
+Date: December 2013
+Contact: Aaro Koskinen <aaro.koskinen@iki.fi>
+Description:
+ Set or read the current OTG mode. Valid values are "host" and
+ "peripheral".
+
+ Reading: returns the current mode.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/tahvo-usb/vbus
+Date: December 2013
+Contact: Aaro Koskinen <aaro.koskinen@iki.fi>
+Description:
+ Read the current VBUS state.
+
+ Reading: returns "on" or "off".
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e685957caa12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ts5500/adc
+Date: January 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.7
+Contact: "Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel@savoirfairelinux.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the presence of an A/D Converter. If it is present,
+ it will display "1", otherwise "0".
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ts5500/ereset
+Date: January 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.7
+Contact: "Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel@savoirfairelinux.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the presence of an external reset. If it is present,
+ it will display "1", otherwise "0".
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ts5500/id
+Date: January 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.7
+Contact: "Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel@savoirfairelinux.com>
+Description:
+ Product ID of the TS board. TS-5500 ID is 0x60.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ts5500/jumpers
+Date: January 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.7
+Contact: "Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel@savoirfairelinux.com>
+Description:
+ Bitfield showing the jumpers' state. If a jumper is present,
+ the corresponding bit is set. For instance, 0x0e means jumpers
+ 2, 3 and 4 are set.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ts5500/name
+Date: July 2014
+KernelVersion: 3.16
+Contact: "Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel@savoirfairelinux.com>
+Description:
+ Model name of the TS board, e.g. "TS-5500".
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ts5500/rs485
+Date: January 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.7
+Contact: "Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel@savoirfairelinux.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the presence of the RS485 option. If it is present,
+ it will display "1", otherwise "0".
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/ts5500/sram
+Date: January 2013
+KernelVersion: 3.7
+Contact: "Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel@savoirfairelinux.com>
+Description:
+ Indicates the presence of the SRAM option. If it is present,
+ it will display "1", otherwise "0".
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-twl4030-usb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-twl4030-usb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..512c51be64ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-twl4030-usb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/*twl4030-usb/vbus
+Description:
+ Read-only status reporting if VBUS (approx 5V)
+ is being supplied by the USB bus.
+
+ Possible values: "on", "off".
+
+ Changes are notified via select/poll.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-usbip-vudc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-usbip-vudc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..53622d3ba27c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-usbip-vudc
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+What: /sys/devices/platform/usbip-vudc.%d/dev_desc
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: Krzysztof Opasiak <k.opasiak@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ This file allows to read device descriptor of
+ gadget driver which is currently bound to this
+ controller. It is possible to read this file
+ only if gadget driver is bound, otherwise error
+ is returned.
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/usbip-vudc.%d/usbip_status
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: Krzysztof Opasiak <k.opasiak@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ Current status of the device.
+ Allowed values:
+
+ == ==========================================
+ 1 Device is available and can be exported
+ 2 Device is currently exported
+ 3 Fatal error occurred during communication
+ with peer
+ == ==========================================
+
+What: /sys/devices/platform/usbip-vudc.%d/usbip_sockfd
+Date: April 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: Krzysztof Opasiak <k.opasiak@samsung.com>
+Description:
+ This file allows to export usb device to
+ connection peer. It is done by writing to this
+ file socket fd (as a string for example "8")
+ associated with a connection to remote peer who
+ would like to use this device. It is possible to
+ close the connection by writing -1 instead of
+ socked fd.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-wilco-ec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-wilco-ec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4439d0644091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-wilco-ec
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG000C\:00/boot_on_ac
+Date: April 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Description:
+ Boot on AC is a policy which makes the device boot from S5
+ when AC power is connected. This is useful for users who
+ want to run their device headless or with a dock.
+
+ Input should be parseable by kstrtou8() to 0 or 1.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG000C\:00/build_date
+Date: May 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Description:
+ Display Wilco Embedded Controller firmware build date.
+ Output will a MM/DD/YY string.
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG000C\:00/build_revision
+Date: May 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Description:
+ Display Wilco Embedded Controller build revision.
+ Output will a version string be similar to the example below:
+ d2592cae0
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG000C\:00/model_number
+Date: May 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Description:
+ Display Wilco Embedded Controller model number.
+ Output will a version string be similar to the example below:
+ 08B6
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG000C\:00/usb_charge
+Date: October 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.5
+Description:
+ Control the USB PowerShare Policy. USB PowerShare is a policy
+ which affects charging via the special USB PowerShare port
+ (marked with a small lightning bolt or battery icon) when in
+ low power states:
+
+ - In S0, the port will always provide power.
+ - In S0ix, if usb_charge is enabled, then power will be
+ supplied to the port when on AC or if battery is > 50%.
+ Else no power is supplied.
+ - In S5, if usb_charge is enabled, then power will be supplied
+ to the port when on AC. Else no power is supplied.
+
+ Input should be either "0" or "1".
+
+What: /sys/bus/platform/devices/GOOG000C\:00/version
+Date: May 2019
+KernelVersion: 5.3
+Description:
+ Display Wilco Embedded Controller firmware version.
+ The format of the string is x.y.z. Where x is major, y is minor
+ and z is the build number. For example: 95.00.06
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform_profile b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform_profile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..125324ab53a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform_profile
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/acpi/platform_profile_choices
+Date: October 2020
+Contact: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
+Description: This file contains a space-separated list of profiles supported for this device.
+
+ Drivers must use the following standard profile-names:
+
+ ==================== ========================================
+ low-power Low power consumption
+ cool Cooler operation
+ quiet Quieter operation
+ balanced Balance between low power consumption
+ and performance
+ balanced-performance Balance between performance and low
+ power consumption with a slight bias
+ towards performance
+ performance High performance operation
+ ==================== ========================================
+
+ Userspace may expect drivers to offer more than one of these
+ standard profile names.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/acpi/platform_profile
+Date: October 2020
+Contact: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
+Description: Reading this file gives the current selected profile for this
+ device. Writing this file with one of the strings from
+ platform_profile_choices changes the profile to the new value.
+
+ This file can be monitored for changes by polling for POLLPRI,
+ POLLPRI will be signalled on any changes, independent of those
+ changes coming from a userspace write; or coming from another
+ source such as e.g. a hotkey triggered profile change handled
+ either directly by the embedded-controller or fully handled
+ inside the kernel.
+
+ This file may also emit the string 'custom' to indicate
+ that multiple platform profiles drivers are in use but
+ have different values. This string can not be written to
+ this interface and is solely for informational purposes.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power
index dcff4d0623ad..4d8e1ad020f0 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power
@@ -1,41 +1,64 @@
What: /sys/power/
Date: August 2006
-Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Description:
The /sys/power directory will contain files that will
provide a unified interface to the power management
subsystem.
What: /sys/power/state
-Date: August 2006
-Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
+Date: November 2016
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/state file controls system sleep states.
+ Reading from this file returns the available sleep state
+ labels, which may be "mem" (suspend), "standby" (power-on
+ suspend), "freeze" (suspend-to-idle) and "disk" (hibernation).
+
+ Writing one of the above strings to this file causes the system
+ to transition into the corresponding state, if available.
+
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst for more
+ information.
+
+What: /sys/power/mem_sleep
+Date: November 2016
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Description:
- The /sys/power/state file controls the system power state.
- Reading from this file returns what states are supported,
- which is hard-coded to 'standby' (Power-On Suspend), 'mem'
- (Suspend-to-RAM), and 'disk' (Suspend-to-Disk).
+ The /sys/power/mem_sleep file controls the operating mode of
+ system suspend. Reading from it returns the available modes
+ as "s2idle" (always present), "shallow" and "deep" (present if
+ supported). The mode that will be used on subsequent attempts
+ to suspend the system (by writing "mem" to the /sys/power/state
+ file described above) is enclosed in square brackets.
+
+ Writing one of the above strings to this file causes the mode
+ represented by it to be used on subsequent attempts to suspend
+ the system.
- Writing to this file one of these strings causes the system to
- transition into that state. Please see the file
- Documentation/power/states.txt for a description of each of
- these states.
+ See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst for more
+ information.
What: /sys/power/disk
Date: September 2006
-Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Description:
The /sys/power/disk file controls the operating mode of the
suspend-to-disk mechanism. Reading from this file returns
the name of the method by which the system will be put to
sleep on the next suspend. There are four methods supported:
+
'firmware' - means that the memory image will be saved to disk
by some firmware, in which case we also assume that the
firmware will handle the system suspend.
+
'platform' - the memory image will be saved by the kernel and
the system will be put to sleep by the platform driver (e.g.
ACPI or other PM registers).
+
'shutdown' - the memory image will be saved by the kernel and
the system will be powered off.
+
'reboot' - the memory image will be saved by the kernel and
the system will be rebooted.
@@ -55,19 +78,19 @@ Description:
The suspend-to-disk method may be chosen by writing to this
file one of the accepted strings:
- 'firmware'
- 'platform'
- 'shutdown'
- 'reboot'
- 'testproc'
- 'test'
+ - 'firmware'
+ - 'platform'
+ - 'shutdown'
+ - 'reboot'
+ - 'testproc'
+ - 'test'
It will only change to 'firmware' or 'platform' if the system
supports that.
What: /sys/power/image_size
Date: August 2006
-Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Description:
The /sys/power/image_size file controls the size of the image
created by the suspend-to-disk mechanism. It can be written a
@@ -80,11 +103,11 @@ Description:
this file, the suspend image will be as small as possible.
Reading from this file will display the current image size
- limit, which is set to 500 MB by default.
+ limit, which is set to around 2/5 of available RAM by default.
What: /sys/power/pm_trace
Date: August 2006
-Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Description:
The /sys/power/pm_trace file controls the code which saves the
last PM event point in the RTC across reboots, so that you can
@@ -95,9 +118,339 @@ Description:
string representing a nonzero integer into it.
To use this debugging feature you should attempt to suspend
- the machine, then reboot it and run
+ the machine, then reboot it and run::
+
+ dmesg -s 1000000 | grep 'hash matches'
- dmesg -s 1000000 | grep 'hash matches'
+ If you do not get any matches (or they appear to be false
+ positives), it is possible that the last PM event point
+ referred to a device created by a loadable kernel module. In
+ this case cat /sys/power/pm_trace_dev_match (see below) after
+ your system is started up and the kernel modules are loaded.
CAUTION: Using it will cause your machine's real-time (CMOS)
clock to be set to a random invalid time after a resume.
+
+What: /sys/power/pm_trace_dev_match
+Date: October 2010
+Contact: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/pm_trace_dev_match file contains the name of the
+ device associated with the last PM event point saved in the RTC
+ across reboots when pm_trace has been used. More precisely it
+ contains the list of current devices (including those
+ registered by loadable kernel modules since boot) which match
+ the device hash in the RTC at boot, with a newline after each
+ one.
+
+ The advantage of this file over the hash matches printed to the
+ kernel log (see /sys/power/pm_trace), is that it includes
+ devices created after boot by loadable kernel modules.
+
+ Due to the small hash size necessary to fit in the RTC, it is
+ possible that more than one device matches the hash, in which
+ case further investigation is required to determine which
+ device is causing the problem. Note that genuine RTC clock
+ values (such as when pm_trace has not been used), can still
+ match a device and output its name here.
+
+What: /sys/power/pm_async
+Date: January 2009
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/pm_async file controls the switch allowing the
+ user space to enable or disable asynchronous suspend and resume
+ of devices. If enabled, this feature will cause some device
+ drivers' suspend and resume callbacks to be executed in parallel
+ with each other and with the main suspend thread. It is enabled
+ if this file contains "1", which is the default. It may be
+ disabled by writing "0" to this file, in which case all devices
+ will be suspended and resumed synchronously.
+
+What: /sys/power/wakeup_count
+Date: July 2010
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/wakeup_count file allows user space to put the
+ system into a sleep state while taking into account the
+ concurrent arrival of wakeup events. Reading from it returns
+ the current number of registered wakeup events and it blocks if
+ some wakeup events are being processed at the time the file is
+ read from. Writing to it will only succeed if the current
+ number of wakeup events is equal to the written value and, if
+ successful, will make the kernel abort a subsequent transition
+ to a sleep state if any wakeup events are reported after the
+ write has returned.
+
+What: /sys/power/reserved_size
+Date: May 2011
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/reserved_size file allows user space to control
+ the amount of memory reserved for allocations made by device
+ drivers during the "device freeze" stage of hibernation. It can
+ be written a string representing a non-negative integer that
+ will be used as the amount of memory to reserve for allocations
+ made by device drivers' "freeze" callbacks, in bytes.
+
+ Reading from this file will display the current value, which is
+ set to 1 MB by default.
+
+What: /sys/power/autosleep
+Date: April 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/autosleep file can be written one of the strings
+ returned by reads from /sys/power/state. If that happens, a
+ work item attempting to trigger a transition of the system to
+ the sleep state represented by that string is queued up. This
+ attempt will only succeed if there are no active wakeup sources
+ in the system at that time. After every execution, regardless
+ of whether or not the attempt to put the system to sleep has
+ succeeded, the work item requeues itself until user space
+ writes "off" to /sys/power/autosleep.
+
+ Reading from this file causes the last string successfully
+ written to it to be returned.
+
+What: /sys/power/wake_lock
+Date: February 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/wake_lock file allows user space to create
+ wakeup source objects and activate them on demand (if one of
+ those wakeup sources is active, reads from the
+ /sys/power/wakeup_count file block or return false). When a
+ string without white space is written to /sys/power/wake_lock,
+ it will be assumed to represent a wakeup source name. If there
+ is a wakeup source object with that name, it will be activated
+ (unless active already). Otherwise, a new wakeup source object
+ will be registered, assigned the given name and activated.
+ If a string written to /sys/power/wake_lock contains white
+ space, the part of the string preceding the white space will be
+ regarded as a wakeup source name and handled as descrived above.
+ The other part of the string will be regarded as a timeout (in
+ nanoseconds) such that the wakeup source will be automatically
+ deactivated after it has expired. The timeout, if present, is
+ set regardless of the current state of the wakeup source object
+ in question.
+
+ Reads from this file return a string consisting of the names of
+ wakeup sources created with the help of it that are active at
+ the moment, separated with spaces.
+
+
+What: /sys/power/wake_unlock
+Date: February 2012
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/wake_unlock file allows user space to deactivate
+ wakeup sources created with the help of /sys/power/wake_lock.
+ When a string is written to /sys/power/wake_unlock, it will be
+ assumed to represent the name of a wakeup source to deactivate.
+
+ If a wakeup source object of that name exists and is active at
+ the moment, it will be deactivated.
+
+ Reads from this file return a string consisting of the names of
+ wakeup sources created with the help of /sys/power/wake_lock
+ that are inactive at the moment, separated with spaces.
+
+What: /sys/power/pm_print_times
+Date: May 2012
+Contact: Sameer Nanda <snanda@chromium.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/pm_print_times file allows user space to
+ control whether the time taken by devices to suspend and
+ resume is printed. These prints are useful for hunting down
+ devices that take too long to suspend or resume.
+
+ Writing a "1" enables this printing while writing a "0"
+ disables it. The default value is "0". Reading from this file
+ will display the current value.
+
+What: /sys/power/pm_wakeup_irq
+Date: April 2015
+Contact: Alexandra Yates <alexandra.yates@linux.intel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/pm_wakeup_irq file reports to user space the IRQ
+ number of the first wakeup interrupt (that is, the first
+ interrupt from an IRQ line armed for system wakeup) seen by the
+ kernel during the most recent system suspend/resume cycle.
+
+ This output is useful for system wakeup diagnostics of spurious
+ wakeup interrupts.
+
+What: /sys/power/pm_debug_messages
+Date: July 2017
+Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/pm_debug_messages file controls the printing
+ of debug messages from the system suspend/hiberbation
+ infrastructure to the kernel log.
+
+ Writing a "1" to this file enables the debug messages and
+ writing a "0" (default) to it disables them. Reads from
+ this file return the current value.
+
+What: /sys/power/resume_offset
+Date: April 2018
+Contact: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@outlook.com>
+Description:
+ This file is used for telling the kernel an offset into a disk
+ to use when hibernating the system such as with a swap file.
+
+ Reads from this file will display the current offset
+ the kernel will be using on the next hibernation
+ attempt.
+
+ Using this sysfs file will override any values that were
+ set using the kernel command line for disk offset.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats directory contains suspend related
+ statistics.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/success
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/success file contains the number
+ of times entering system sleep state succeeded.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/fail
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/fail file contains the number
+ of times entering system sleep state failed.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_freeze
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_freeze file contains the
+ number of times freezing processes failed.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_prepare
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_prepare file contains the
+ number of times preparing all non-sysdev devices for
+ a system PM transition failed.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_resume
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_resume file contains the
+ number of times executing "resume" callbacks of
+ non-sysdev devices failed.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_resume_early
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_resume_early file contains
+ the number of times executing "early resume" callbacks
+ of devices failed.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_resume_noirq
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_resume_noirq file contains
+ the number of times executing "noirq resume" callbacks
+ of devices failed.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_suspend
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_suspend file contains
+ the number of times executing "suspend" callbacks
+ of all non-sysdev devices failed.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_suspend_late
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_suspend_late file contains
+ the number of times executing "late suspend" callbacks
+ of all devices failed.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_suspend_noirq
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/failed_suspend_noirq file contains
+ the number of times executing "noirq suspend" callbacks
+ of all devices failed.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/last_failed_dev
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/last_failed_dev file contains
+ the last device for which a suspend/resume callback failed.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/last_failed_errno
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/last_failed_errno file contains
+ the errno of the last failed attempt at entering
+ system sleep state.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/last_failed_step
+Date: July 2019
+Contact: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh96@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/last_failed_step file contains
+ the last failed step in the suspend/resume path.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/last_hw_sleep
+Date: June 2023
+Contact: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@amd.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/last_hw_sleep file
+ contains the duration of time spent in a hardware sleep
+ state in the most recent system suspend-resume cycle.
+ This number is measured in microseconds.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/total_hw_sleep
+Date: June 2023
+Contact: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@amd.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/total_hw_sleep file
+ contains the aggregate of time spent in a hardware sleep
+ state since the kernel was booted. This number
+ is measured in microseconds.
+
+What: /sys/power/suspend_stats/max_hw_sleep
+Date: June 2023
+Contact: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@amd.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/power/suspend_stats/max_hw_sleep file
+ contains the maximum amount of time that the hardware can
+ report for time spent in a hardware sleep state. When sleep
+ cycles are longer than this time, the values for
+ 'total_hw_sleep' and 'last_hw_sleep' may not be accurate.
+ This number is measured in microseconds.
+
+What: /sys/power/sync_on_suspend
+Date: October 2019
+Contact: Jonas Meurer <jonas@freesources.org>
+Description:
+ This file controls whether or not the kernel will sync()
+ filesystems during system suspend (after freezing user space
+ and before suspending devices).
+
+ Writing a "1" to this file enables the sync() and writing a "0"
+ disables it. Reads from the file return the current value.
+ The default is "1" if the build-time "SUSPEND_SKIP_SYNC" config
+ flag is unset, or "0" otherwise.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-pps b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-pps
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..25028c7bc37d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-pps
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+What: /sys/class/pps/
+Date: February 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/pps/ directory will contain files and
+ directories that will provide a unified interface to
+ the PPS sources.
+
+What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/
+Date: February 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/ directory is related to X-th
+ PPS source into the system. Each directory will
+ contain files to manage and control its PPS source.
+
+What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/assert
+Date: February 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/assert file reports the assert events
+ and the assert sequence number of the X-th source in the form:
+
+ <secs>.<nsec>#<sequence>
+
+ If the source has no assert events the content of this file
+ is empty.
+
+What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/clear
+Date: February 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/clear file reports the clear events
+ and the clear sequence number of the X-th source in the form:
+
+ <secs>.<nsec>#<sequence>
+
+ If the source has no clear events the content of this file
+ is empty.
+
+What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/mode
+Date: February 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/mode file reports the functioning
+ mode of the X-th source in hexadecimal encoding.
+
+ Please, refer to linux/include/linux/pps.h for further
+ info.
+
+What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/echo
+Date: February 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/echo file reports if the X-th does
+ or does not support an "echo" function.
+
+What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/name
+Date: February 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/name file reports the name of the
+ X-th source.
+
+What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/path
+Date: February 2008
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/path file reports the path name of
+ the device connected with the X-th source.
+
+ If the source is not connected with any device the content
+ of this file is empty.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-pps-gen b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-pps-gen
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2519207b88fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-pps-gen
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+What: /sys/class/pps-gen/
+Date: February 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@enneenne.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/pps-gen/ directory contains files and
+ directories that provide a unified interface to the PPS
+ generators.
+
+What: /sys/class/pps-gen/pps-genX/
+Date: February 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@enneenne.com>
+Description:
+ The /sys/class/pps-gen/pps-genX/ directory is related to X-th
+ PPS generator in the system. Each directory contain files to
+ manage and control its PPS generator.
+
+What: /sys/class/pps-gen/pps-genX/enable
+Date: February 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@enneenne.com>
+Description:
+ This write-only file enables or disables generation of the
+ PPS signal.
+
+What: /sys/class/pps-gen/pps-genX/system
+Date: February 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@enneenne.com>
+Description:
+ This read-only file returns "1" if the generator takes the
+ timing from the system clock, while it returns "0" if not
+ (i.e. from a peripheral device clock).
+
+What: /sys/class/pps-gen/pps-genX/time
+Date: February 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.13
+Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@enneenne.com>
+Description:
+ This read-only file contains the current time stored into the
+ generator clock as two integers representing the current time
+ seconds and nanoseconds.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-pps-gen-tio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-pps-gen-tio
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3c34ff17a335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-pps-gen-tio
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+What: /sys/class/pps-gen/pps-genx/enable
+Date: April 2025
+KernelVersion: 6.15
+Contact: Subramanian Mohan<subramanian.mohan@intel.com>
+Description:
+ Enable or disable PPS TIO generator output.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-profiling b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-profiling
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e39dd3a0ceef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-profiling
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+What: /sys/kernel/profiling
+Date: September 2008
+Contact: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Description:
+ /sys/kernel/profiling is the runtime equivalent
+ of the boot-time profile= option.
+
+ You can get the same effect running::
+
+ echo 2 > /sys/kernel/profiling
+
+ as you would by issuing profile=2 on the boot
+ command line.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ptp b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ptp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9c317ac7c47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-ptp
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+What: /sys/class/ptp/
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This directory contains files and directories
+ providing a standardized interface to the ancillary
+ features of PTP hardware clocks.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This directory contains the attributes of the Nth PTP
+ hardware clock registered into the PTP class driver
+ subsystem.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/clock_name
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the name of the PTP hardware clock
+ as a human readable string. The purpose of this
+ attribute is to provide the user with a "friendly
+ name" and to help distinguish PHY based devices from
+ MAC based ones. The string does not necessarily have
+ to be any kind of unique id.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/max_adjustment
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the PTP hardware clock's maximum
+ frequency adjustment value (a positive integer) in
+ parts per billion.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/max_vclocks
+Date: May 2021
+Contact: Yangbo Lu <yangbo.lu@nxp.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the maximum number of ptp vclocks.
+ Write integer to re-configure it.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/n_alarms
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the number of periodic or one shot
+ alarms offer by the PTP hardware clock.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/n_external_timestamps
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the number of external timestamp
+ channels offered by the PTP hardware clock.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/n_periodic_outputs
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the number of programmable periodic
+ output channels offered by the PTP hardware clock.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/n_pins
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the number of programmable pins
+ offered by the PTP hardware clock.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/n_vclocks
+Date: May 2021
+Contact: Yangbo Lu <yangbo.lu@nxp.com>
+Description:
+ This file contains the number of virtual PTP clocks in
+ use. By default, the value is 0 meaning that only the
+ physical clock is in use. Setting the value creates
+ the corresponding number of virtual clocks and causes
+ the physical clock to become free running. Setting the
+ value back to 0 deletes the virtual clocks and
+ switches the physical clock back to normal, adjustable
+ operation.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/pins
+Date: March 2014
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This directory contains one file for each programmable
+ pin offered by the PTP hardware clock. The file name
+ is the hardware dependent pin name. Reading from this
+ file produces two numbers, the assigned function (see
+ the `PTP_PF_` enumeration values in linux/ptp_clock.h)
+ and the channel number. The function and channel
+ assignment may be changed by two writing numbers into
+ the file.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/pps_available
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file indicates whether the PTP hardware clock
+ supports a Pulse Per Second to the host CPU. Reading
+ "1" means that the PPS is supported, while "0" means
+ not supported.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/extts_enable
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This write-only file enables or disables external
+ timestamps. To enable external timestamps, write the
+ channel index followed by a "1" into the file.
+ To disable external timestamps, write the channel
+ index followed by a "0" into the file.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/fifo
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This file provides timestamps on external events, in
+ the form of three integers: channel index, seconds,
+ and nanoseconds.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/period
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This write-only file enables or disables periodic
+ outputs. To enable a periodic output, write five
+ integers into the file: channel index, start time
+ seconds, start time nanoseconds, period seconds, and
+ period nanoseconds. To disable a periodic output, set
+ all the seconds and nanoseconds values to zero.
+
+What: /sys/class/ptp/ptp<N>/pps_enable
+Date: September 2010
+Contact: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ This write-only file enables or disables delivery of
+ PPS events to the Linux PPS subsystem. To enable PPS
+ events, write a "1" into the file. To disable events,
+ write a "0" into the file.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-secvar b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-secvar
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1016967a730f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-secvar
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar
+Date: August 2019
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: This directory is created if the POWER firmware supports OS
+ secureboot, thereby secure variables. It exposes interface
+ for reading/writing the secure variables
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/vars
+Date: August 2019
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: This directory lists all the secure variables that are supported
+ by the firmware.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/format
+Date: August 2019
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: A string indicating which backend is in use by the firmware.
+ This determines the format of the variable and the accepted
+ format of variable updates.
+
+ On powernv/OPAL, this value is provided by the OPAL firmware
+ and is expected to be "ibm,edk2-compat-v1".
+
+ On pseries/PLPKS, this is generated by the kernel based on the
+ version number in the SB_VERSION variable in the keystore. The
+ version numbering in the SB_VERSION variable starts from 1. The
+ format string takes the form "ibm,plpks-sb-v<version>" in the
+ case of dynamic key management mode. If the SB_VERSION variable
+ does not exist (or there is an error while reading it), it takes
+ the form "ibm,plpks-sb-v0", indicating that the key management
+ mode is static.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/vars/<variable name>
+Date: August 2019
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: Each secure variable is represented as a directory named as
+ <variable_name>. The variable name is unique and is in ASCII
+ representation. The data and size can be determined by reading
+ their respective attribute files.
+
+ Only secvars relevant to the key management mode are exposed.
+ Only in the dynamic key management mode should the user have
+ access (read and write) to the secure boot secvars db, dbx,
+ grubdb, grubdbx, and sbat. These secvars are not consumed in the
+ static key management mode. PK, trustedcadb and moduledb are the
+ secvars common to both static and dynamic key management modes.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/vars/<variable_name>/size
+Date: August 2019
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: An integer representation of the size of the content of the
+ variable. In other words, it represents the size of the data.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/vars/<variable_name>/data
+Date: August 2019
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: A read-only file containing the value of the variable. The size
+ of the file represents the maximum size of the variable data.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/vars/<variable_name>/update
+Date: August 2019
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: A write-only file that is used to submit the new value for the
+ variable. The size of the file represents the maximum size of
+ the variable data that can be written.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/config
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: This optional directory contains read-only config attributes as
+ defined by the secure variable implementation. All data is in
+ ASCII format. The directory is only created if the backing
+ implementation provides variables to populate it, which at
+ present is only PLPKS on the pseries platform.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/config/version
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: Config version as reported by the hypervisor in ASCII decimal
+ format.
+
+ Currently only provided by PLPKS on the pseries platform.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/config/max_object_size
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: Maximum allowed size of objects in the keystore in bytes,
+ represented in ASCII decimal format.
+
+ This is not necessarily the same as the max size that can be
+ written to an update file as writes can contain more than
+ object data, you should use the size of the update file for
+ that purpose.
+
+ Currently only provided by PLPKS on the pseries platform.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/config/total_size
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: Total size of the PLPKS in bytes, represented in ASCII decimal
+ format.
+
+ Currently only provided by PLPKS on the pseries platform.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/config/used_space
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: Current space consumed by the key store, in bytes, represented
+ in ASCII decimal format.
+
+ Currently only provided by PLPKS on the pseries platform.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/config/supported_policies
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: Bitmask of supported policy flags by the hypervisor,
+ represented as an 8 byte hexadecimal ASCII string. Consult the
+ hypervisor documentation for what these flags are.
+
+ Currently only provided by PLPKS on the pseries platform.
+
+What: /sys/firmware/secvar/config/signed_update_algorithms
+Date: February 2023
+Contact: Nayna Jain <nayna@linux.ibm.com>
+Description: Bitmask of flags indicating which algorithms the hypervisor
+ supports for signed update of objects, represented as a 16 byte
+ hexadecimal ASCII string. Consult the hypervisor documentation
+ for what these flags mean.
+
+ Currently only provided by PLPKS on the pseries platform.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-timecard b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-timecard
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3ae41b7634ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-timecard
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+What: /sys/class/timecard/
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: This directory contains files and directories
+ providing a standardized interface to the ancillary
+ features of the OpenCompute timecard.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: This directory contains the attributes of the Nth timecard
+ registered.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/available_clock_sources
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) The list of available time sources that the PHC
+ uses for clock adjustments.
+
+ ==== =================================================
+ NONE no adjustments
+ PPS adjustments come from the PPS1 selector (default)
+ TOD adjustments from the GNSS/TOD module
+ IRIG adjustments from external IRIG-B signal
+ DCF adjustments from external DCF signal
+ ==== =================================================
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/available_sma_inputs
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Set of available destinations (sinks) for a SMA
+ input signal.
+
+ ===== ================================================
+ 10Mhz signal is used as the 10Mhz reference clock
+ PPS1 signal is sent to the PPS1 selector
+ PPS2 signal is sent to the PPS2 selector
+ TS1 signal is sent to timestamper 1
+ TS2 signal is sent to timestamper 2
+ TS3 signal is sent to timestamper 3
+ TS4 signal is sent to timestamper 4
+ IRIG signal is sent to the IRIG-B module
+ DCF signal is sent to the DCF module
+ FREQ1 signal is sent to frequency counter 1
+ FREQ2 signal is sent to frequency counter 2
+ FREQ3 signal is sent to frequency counter 3
+ FREQ4 signal is sent to frequency counter 4
+ None signal input is disabled
+ ===== ================================================
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/available_sma_outputs
+Date: May 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Set of available sources for a SMA output signal.
+
+ ===== ================================================
+ 10Mhz output is from the 10Mhz reference clock
+ PHC output PPS is from the PHC clock
+ MAC output PPS is from the Miniature Atomic Clock
+ GNSS1 output PPS is from the first GNSS module
+ GNSS2 output PPS is from the second GNSS module
+ IRIG output is from the PHC, in IRIG-B format
+ DCF output is from the PHC, in DCF format
+ GEN1 output is from frequency generator 1
+ GEN2 output is from frequency generator 2
+ GEN3 output is from frequency generator 3
+ GEN4 output is from frequency generator 4
+ GND output is GND
+ VCC output is VCC
+ ===== ================================================
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/clock_source
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RW) Contains the current synchronization source used by
+ the PHC. May be changed by writing one of the listed
+ values from the available_clock_sources attribute set.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/clock_status_drift
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Contains the current drift value used by the firmware
+ for internal disciplining of the atomic clock.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/clock_status_offset
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Contains the current offset value used by the firmware
+ for internal disciplining of the atomic clock.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/freqX
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Optional directory containing the sysfs nodes for
+ frequency counter <X>.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/freqX/frequency
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Contains the measured frequency over the specified
+ measurement period.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/freqX/seconds
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RW) Specifies the number of seconds from 0-255 that the
+ frequency should be measured over. Write 0 to disable.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/genX
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Optional directory containing the sysfs nodes for
+ frequency generator <X>.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/genX/duty
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Specifies the signal duty cycle as a percentage from 1-99.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/genX/period
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Specifies the signal period in nanoseconds.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/genX/phase
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Specifies the signal phase offset in nanoseconds.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/genX/polarity
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Specifies the signal polarity, either 1 or 0.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/genX/running
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Either 0 or 1, showing if the signal generator is running.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/genX/start
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Shows the time in <sec>.<nsec> that the signal generator
+ started running.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/genX/signal
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RW) Used to start the signal generator, and summarize
+ the current status.
+
+ The signal generator may be started by writing the signal
+ period, followed by the optional signal values. If the
+ optional values are not provided, they default to the current
+ settings, which may be obtained from the other sysfs nodes.
+
+ period [duty [phase [polarity]]]
+
+ echo 500000000 > signal # 1/2 second period
+ echo 1000000 40 100 > signal
+ echo 0 > signal # turn off generator
+
+ Period and phase are specified in nanoseconds. Duty cycle is
+ a percentage from 1-99. Polarity is 1 or 0.
+
+ Reading this node will return:
+
+ period duty phase polarity start_time
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/gnss_sync
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Indicates whether a valid GNSS signal is received,
+ or when the signal was lost.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/i2c
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: This optional attribute links to the associated i2c device.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/irig_b_mode
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RW) An integer from 0-7 indicating the timecode format
+ of the IRIG-B output signal: B00<n>
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/pps
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: This optional attribute links to the associated PPS device.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/ptp
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: This attribute links to the associated PTP device.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/serialnum
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) Provides the serial number of the timecard.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/sma1
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/sma2
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/sma3
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/sma4
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RW) These attributes specify the direction of the signal
+ on the associated SMA connectors, and also the signal sink
+ or source.
+
+ The display format of the attribute is a space separated
+ list of signals, prefixed by the input/output direction.
+
+ The signal direction may be changed (if supported) by
+ prefixing the signal list with either "in:" or "out:".
+ If neither prefix is present, then the direction is unchanged.
+
+ The output signal may be changed by writing one of the listed
+ values from the available_sma_outputs attribute set.
+
+ The input destinations may be changed by writing multiple
+ values from the available_sma_inputs attribute set,
+ separated by spaces. If there are duplicated input
+ destinations between connectors, the lowest numbered SMA
+ connector is given priority.
+
+ Note that not all input combinations may make sense.
+
+ The 10Mhz reference clock input is currently only valid
+ on SMA1 and may not be combined with other destination sinks.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/tod_correction
+Date: March 2022
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RW) The incoming GNSS signal is in UTC time, and the NMEA
+ format messages do not provide a TAI offset. This sets the
+ correction value for the incoming time.
+
+ If UBX_LS is enabled, this should be 0, and the offset is
+ taken from the UBX-NAV-TIMELS message.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/ts_window_adjust
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RW) When retrieving the PHC with the PTP SYS_OFFSET_EXTENDED
+ ioctl, a system timestamp is made before and after the PHC
+ time is retrieved. The midpoint between the two system
+ timestamps is usually taken to be the SYS time associated
+ with the PHC time. This estimate may be wrong, as it depends
+ on PCI latencies, and when the PHC time was latched
+
+ The attribute value reduces the end timestamp by the given
+ number of nanoseconds, so the computed midpoint matches the
+ retrieved PHC time.
+
+ The initial value is set based on measured PCI latency and
+ the estimated point where the FPGA latches the PHC time. This
+ value may be changed by writing an unsigned integer.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/tty
+Date: August 2024
+Contact: Vadim Fedorenko <vadim.fedorenko@linux.dev>
+Description: (RO) Directory containing the sysfs nodes for TTY attributes
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/tty/ttyGNSS
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/tty/ttyGNSS2
+Date: August 2024
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) These optional attributes contain names of the TTY serial
+ ports associated with the GNSS devices.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/tty/ttyMAC
+Date: August 2024
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) This optional attribute contains name of the TTY serial
+ port associated with the Miniature Atomic Clock.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/tty/ttyNMEA
+Date: August 2024
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RO) This optional attribute contains name of the TTY serial
+ port which outputs the PHC time in NMEA ZDA format.
+
+What: /sys/class/timecard/ocpN/utc_tai_offset
+Date: September 2021
+Contact: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
+Description: (RW) The DCF and IRIG output signals are in UTC, while the
+ TimeCard operates on TAI. This attribute allows setting the
+ offset in seconds, which is added to the TAI timebase for
+ these formats.
+
+ The offset may be changed by writing an unsigned integer.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-tty b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-tty
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..895c47f05f6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-tty
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+What: /sys/class/tty/console/active
+Date: Nov 2010
+Contact: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+Description:
+ Shows the list of currently configured
+ console devices, like 'tty1 ttyS0'.
+ The last entry in the file is the active
+ device connected to /dev/console.
+ The file supports poll() to detect virtual
+ console switches.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/tty<x>/active
+Date: Nov 2010
+Contact: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+Description:
+ Shows the currently active virtual console
+ device, like 'tty1'.
+ The file supports poll() to detect virtual
+ console switches.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/uartclk
+Date: Sep 2012
+Contact: Tomas Hlavacek <tmshlvck@gmail.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the current uartclk value associated with the
+ UART port in serial_core, that is bound to TTY like ttyS0.
+ uartclk = 16 * baud_base
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/type
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the current tty type for this port.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/line
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the current tty line number for this port.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/port
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the current tty port I/O address for this port.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/irq
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Shows the current primary interrupt for this port.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/flags
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Show the tty port status flags for this port.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/xmit_fifo_size
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Show the transmit FIFO size for this port.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/close_delay
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Show the closing delay time for this port in centiseconds.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/closing_wait
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Show the close wait time for this port in centiseconds.
+
+ Waiting forever is represented as 0. If waiting on close is
+ disabled then the value is 65535.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/custom_divisor
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Show the custom divisor if any that is set on this port.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/io_type
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Show the I/O type that is to be used with the iomem base
+ address.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/iomem_base
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ The I/O memory base for this port.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/iomem_reg_shift
+Date: October 2012
+Contact: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Show the register shift indicating the spacing to be used
+ for accesses on this iomem address.
+
+ These sysfs values expose the TIOCGSERIAL interface via
+ sysfs rather than via ioctls.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/rx_trig_bytes
+Date: May 2014
+Contact: Yoshihiro YUNOMAE <yoshihiro.yunomae.ez@hitachi.com>
+Description:
+ Shows current RX interrupt trigger bytes or sets the
+ user specified value to change it for the FIFO buffer.
+ Users can show or set this value regardless of opening the
+ serial device file or not.
+
+ The RX trigger can be set one of four kinds of values for UART
+ serials. When users input a meaning less value to this I/F,
+ the RX trigger is changed to the nearest lower value for the
+ device specification. For example, when user sets 7bytes on
+ 16550A, which has 1/4/8/14 bytes trigger, the RX trigger is
+ automatically changed to 4 bytes.
+
+What: /sys/class/tty/ttyS<x>/console
+Date: February 2020
+Contact: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
+Description:
+ Allows user to detach or attach back the given device as
+ kernel console. It shows and accepts a boolean variable.
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-uevent b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-uevent
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0b6227706b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-uevent
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+What: /sys/.../uevent
+Date: May 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.13
+Contact: Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+Description:
+ Enable passing additional variables for synthetic uevents that
+ are generated by writing /sys/.../uevent file.
+
+ Recognized extended format is::
+
+ ACTION [UUID [KEY=VALUE ...]
+
+ The ACTION is compulsory - it is the name of the uevent
+ action (``add``, ``change``, ``remove``). There is no change
+ compared to previous functionality here. The rest of the
+ extended format is optional.
+
+ You need to pass UUID first before any KEY=VALUE pairs.
+ The UUID must be in ``xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx``
+ format where 'x' is a hex digit. The UUID is considered to be
+ a transaction identifier so it's possible to use the same UUID
+ value for one or more synthetic uevents in which case we
+ logically group these uevents together for any userspace
+ listeners. The UUID value appears in uevent as
+ ``SYNTH_UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`` environment
+ variable.
+
+ If UUID is not passed in, the generated synthetic uevent gains
+ ``SYNTH_UUID=0`` environment variable automatically.
+
+ The KEY=VALUE pairs can contain alphanumeric characters only.
+
+ It's possible to define zero or more pairs - each pair is then
+ delimited by a space character ' '. Each pair appears in
+ synthetic uevent as ``SYNTH_ARG_KEY=VALUE``. That means the KEY
+ name gains ``SYNTH_ARG_`` prefix to avoid possible collisions
+ with existing variables.
+
+ Example of valid sequence written to the uevent file::
+
+ add fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed A=1 B=abc
+
+ This generates synthetic uevent including these variables::
+
+ ACTION=add
+ SYNTH_ARG_A=1
+ SYNTH_ARG_B=abc
+ SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed
+
+Users:
+ udev, userspace tools generating synthetic uevents
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/usb-charger-uevent b/Documentation/ABI/testing/usb-charger-uevent
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1db89b0cf80f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/usb-charger-uevent
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+What: Raise a uevent when a USB charger is inserted or removed
+Date: 2020-01-14
+KernelVersion: 5.6
+Contact: linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description: There are two USB charger states:
+
+ - USB_CHARGER_ABSENT
+ - USB_CHARGER_PRESENT
+
+ There are five USB charger types:
+
+ ======================== ==========================
+ USB_CHARGER_UNKNOWN_TYPE Charger type is unknown
+ USB_CHARGER_SDP_TYPE Standard Downstream Port
+ USB_CHARGER_CDP_TYPE Charging Downstream Port
+ USB_CHARGER_DCP_TYPE Dedicated Charging Port
+ USB_CHARGER_ACA_TYPE Accessory Charging Adapter
+ ======================== ==========================
+
+ https://www.usb.org/document-library/battery-charging-v12-spec-and-adopters-agreement
+
+ Here are two examples taken using ``udevadm monitor -p`` when
+ USB charger is online::
+
+ UDEV change /devices/soc0/usbphynop1 (platform)
+ ACTION=change
+ DEVPATH=/devices/soc0/usbphynop1
+ DRIVER=usb_phy_generic
+ MODALIAS=of:Nusbphynop1T(null)Cusb-nop-xceiv
+ OF_COMPATIBLE_0=usb-nop-xceiv
+ OF_COMPATIBLE_N=1
+ OF_FULLNAME=/usbphynop1
+ OF_NAME=usbphynop1
+ SEQNUM=2493
+ SUBSYSTEM=platform
+ USB_CHARGER_STATE=USB_CHARGER_PRESENT
+ USB_CHARGER_TYPE=USB_CHARGER_SDP_TYPE
+ USEC_INITIALIZED=227422826
+
+ USB charger is offline::
+
+ KERNEL change /devices/soc0/usbphynop1 (platform)
+ ACTION=change
+ DEVPATH=/devices/soc0/usbphynop1
+ DRIVER=usb_phy_generic
+ MODALIAS=of:Nusbphynop1T(null)Cusb-nop-xceiv
+ OF_COMPATIBLE_0=usb-nop-xceiv
+ OF_COMPATIBLE_N=1
+ OF_FULLNAME=/usbphynop1
+ OF_NAME=usbphynop1
+ SEQNUM=2494
+ SUBSYSTEM=platform
+ USB_CHARGER_STATE=USB_CHARGER_ABSENT
+ USB_CHARGER_TYPE=USB_CHARGER_UNKNOWN_TYPE
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/usb-uevent b/Documentation/ABI/testing/usb-uevent
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2b8eca4bf2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/usb-uevent
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+What: Raise a uevent when a USB Host Controller has died
+Date: 2019-04-17
+KernelVersion: 5.2
+Contact: linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description: When the USB Host Controller has entered a state where it is no
+ longer functional a uevent will be raised. The uevent will
+ contain ACTION=offline and ERROR=DEAD.
+
+ Here is an example taken using udevadm monitor -p::
+
+ KERNEL[130.428945] offline /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/usb2 (usb)
+ ACTION=offline
+ BUSNUM=002
+ DEVNAME=/dev/bus/usb/002/001
+ DEVNUM=001
+ DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/usb2
+ DEVTYPE=usb_device
+ DRIVER=usb
+ ERROR=DEAD
+ MAJOR=189
+ MINOR=128
+ PRODUCT=1d6b/2/414
+ SEQNUM=2168
+ SUBSYSTEM=usb
+ TYPE=9/0/1
+
+Users: chromium-os-dev@chromium.org
diff --git a/Documentation/BUG-HUNTING b/Documentation/BUG-HUNTING
deleted file mode 100644
index 65022a87bf17..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/BUG-HUNTING
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
-Table of contents
-=================
-
-Last updated: 20 December 2005
-
-Contents
-========
-
-- Introduction
-- Devices not appearing
-- Finding patch that caused a bug
--- Finding using git-bisect
--- Finding it the old way
-- Fixing the bug
-
-Introduction
-============
-
-Always try the latest kernel from kernel.org and build from source. If you are
-not confident in doing that please report the bug to your distribution vendor
-instead of to a kernel developer.
-
-Finding bugs is not always easy. Have a go though. If you can't find it don't
-give up. Report as much as you have found to the relevant maintainer. See
-MAINTAINERS for who that is for the subsystem you have worked on.
-
-Before you submit a bug report read REPORTING-BUGS.
-
-Devices not appearing
-=====================
-
-Often this is caused by udev. Check that first before blaming it on the
-kernel.
-
-Finding patch that caused a bug
-===============================
-
-
-
-Finding using git-bisect
-------------------------
-
-Using the provided tools with git makes finding bugs easy provided the bug is
-reproducible.
-
-Steps to do it:
-- start using git for the kernel source
-- read the man page for git-bisect
-- have fun
-
-Finding it the old way
-----------------------
-
-[Sat Mar 2 10:32:33 PST 1996 KERNEL_BUG-HOWTO lm@sgi.com (Larry McVoy)]
-
-This is how to track down a bug if you know nothing about kernel hacking.
-It's a brute force approach but it works pretty well.
-
-You need:
-
- . A reproducible bug - it has to happen predictably (sorry)
- . All the kernel tar files from a revision that worked to the
- revision that doesn't
-
-You will then do:
-
- . Rebuild a revision that you believe works, install, and verify that.
- . Do a binary search over the kernels to figure out which one
- introduced the bug. I.e., suppose 1.3.28 didn't have the bug, but
- you know that 1.3.69 does. Pick a kernel in the middle and build
- that, like 1.3.50. Build & test; if it works, pick the mid point
- between .50 and .69, else the mid point between .28 and .50.
- . You'll narrow it down to the kernel that introduced the bug. You
- can probably do better than this but it gets tricky.
-
- . Narrow it down to a subdirectory
-
- - Copy kernel that works into "test". Let's say that 3.62 works,
- but 3.63 doesn't. So you diff -r those two kernels and come
- up with a list of directories that changed. For each of those
- directories:
-
- Copy the non-working directory next to the working directory
- as "dir.63".
- One directory at time, try moving the working directory to
- "dir.62" and mv dir.63 dir"time, try
-
- mv dir dir.62
- mv dir.63 dir
- find dir -name '*.[oa]' -print | xargs rm -f
-
- And then rebuild and retest. Assuming that all related
- changes were contained in the sub directory, this should
- isolate the change to a directory.
-
- Problems: changes in header files may have occurred; I've
- found in my case that they were self explanatory - you may
- or may not want to give up when that happens.
-
- . Narrow it down to a file
-
- - You can apply the same technique to each file in the directory,
- hoping that the changes in that file are self contained.
-
- . Narrow it down to a routine
-
- - You can take the old file and the new file and manually create
- a merged file that has
-
- #ifdef VER62
- routine()
- {
- ...
- }
- #else
- routine()
- {
- ...
- }
- #endif
-
- And then walk through that file, one routine at a time and
- prefix it with
-
- #define VER62
- /* both routines here */
- #undef VER62
-
- Then recompile, retest, move the ifdefs until you find the one
- that makes the difference.
-
-Finally, you take all the info that you have, kernel revisions, bug
-description, the extent to which you have narrowed it down, and pass
-that off to whomever you believe is the maintainer of that section.
-A post to linux.dev.kernel isn't such a bad idea if you've done some
-work to narrow it down.
-
-If you get it down to a routine, you'll probably get a fix in 24 hours.
-
-My apologies to Linus and the other kernel hackers for describing this
-brute force approach, it's hardly what a kernel hacker would do. However,
-it does work and it lets non-hackers help fix bugs. And it is cool
-because Linux snapshots will let you do this - something that you can't
-do with vendor supplied releases.
-
-Fixing the bug
-==============
-
-Nobody is going to tell you how to fix bugs. Seriously. You need to work it
-out. But below are some hints on how to use the tools.
-
-To debug a kernel, use objdump and look for the hex offset from the crash
-output to find the valid line of code/assembler. Without debug symbols, you
-will see the assembler code for the routine shown, but if your kernel has
-debug symbols the C code will also be available. (Debug symbols can be enabled
-in the kernel hacking menu of the menu configuration.) For example:
-
- objdump -r -S -l --disassemble net/dccp/ipv4.o
-
-NB.: you need to be at the top level of the kernel tree for this to pick up
-your C files.
-
-If you don't have access to the code you can also debug on some crash dumps
-e.g. crash dump output as shown by Dave Miller.
-
-> EIP is at ip_queue_xmit+0x14/0x4c0
-> ...
-> Code: 44 24 04 e8 6f 05 00 00 e9 e8 fe ff ff 8d 76 00 8d bc 27 00 00
-> 00 00 55 57 56 53 81 ec bc 00 00 00 8b ac 24 d0 00 00 00 8b 5d 08
-> <8b> 83 3c 01 00 00 89 44 24 14 8b 45 28 85 c0 89 44 24 18 0f 85
->
-> Put the bytes into a "foo.s" file like this:
->
-> .text
-> .globl foo
-> foo:
-> .byte .... /* bytes from Code: part of OOPS dump */
->
-> Compile it with "gcc -c -o foo.o foo.s" then look at the output of
-> "objdump --disassemble foo.o".
->
-> Output:
->
-> ip_queue_xmit:
-> push %ebp
-> push %edi
-> push %esi
-> push %ebx
-> sub $0xbc, %esp
-> mov 0xd0(%esp), %ebp ! %ebp = arg0 (skb)
-> mov 0x8(%ebp), %ebx ! %ebx = skb->sk
-> mov 0x13c(%ebx), %eax ! %eax = inet_sk(sk)->opt
-
-In addition, you can use GDB to figure out the exact file and line
-number of the OOPS from the vmlinux file. If you have
-CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO enabled, you can simply copy the EIP value from the
-OOPS:
-
- EIP: 0060:[<c021e50e>] Not tainted VLI
-
-And use GDB to translate that to human-readable form:
-
- gdb vmlinux
- (gdb) l *0xc021e50e
-
-If you don't have CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO enabled, you use the function
-offset from the OOPS:
-
- EIP is at vt_ioctl+0xda8/0x1482
-
-And recompile the kernel with CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO enabled:
-
- make vmlinux
- gdb vmlinux
- (gdb) p vt_ioctl
- (gdb) l *(0x<address of vt_ioctl> + 0xda8)
-or, as one command
- (gdb) l *(vt_ioctl + 0xda8)
-
-If you have a call trace, such as :-
->Call Trace:
-> [<ffffffff8802c8e9>] :jbd:log_wait_commit+0xa3/0xf5
-> [<ffffffff810482d9>] autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x2e
-> [<ffffffff8802770b>] :jbd:journal_stop+0x1be/0x1ee
-> ...
-this shows the problem in the :jbd: module. You can load that module in gdb
-and list the relevant code.
- gdb fs/jbd/jbd.ko
- (gdb) p log_wait_commit
- (gdb) l *(0x<address> + 0xa3)
-or
- (gdb) l *(log_wait_commit + 0xa3)
-
-
-Another very useful option of the Kernel Hacking section in menuconfig is
-Debug memory allocations. This will help you see whether data has been
-initialised and not set before use etc. To see the values that get assigned
-with this look at mm/slab.c and search for POISON_INUSE. When using this an
-Oops will often show the poisoned data instead of zero which is the default.
-
-Once you have worked out a fix please submit it upstream. After all open
-source is about sharing what you do and don't you want to be recognised for
-your genius?
-
-Please do read Documentation/SubmittingPatches though to help your code get
-accepted.
diff --git a/Documentation/Changes b/Documentation/Changes
index cb2b141b1c3e..7564ae1682ba 100644..120000
--- a/Documentation/Changes
+++ b/Documentation/Changes
@@ -1,396 +1 @@
-Intro
-=====
-
-This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
-software necessary to run the 2.6 kernels, as well as provide brief
-instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when
-trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x
-kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for
-additional information; most of that information will not be repeated
-here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already
-functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels.
-
-This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
-and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
-Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
-'net).
-
-Current Minimal Requirements
-============================
-
-Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
-encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
-running, the suggested command should tell you.
-
-Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already
-functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are
-necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN
-hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with
-isdn4k-utils.
-
-o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
-o Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version
-o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
-o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
-o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
-o e2fsprogs 1.29 # tune2fs
-o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
-o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs
-o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
-o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
-o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
-o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
-o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
-o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
-o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
-o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
-o udev 081 # udevinfo -V
-o grub 0.93 # grub --version
-
-Kernel compilation
-==================
-
-GCC
----
-
-The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
-computer.
-
-Make
-----
-
-You will need Gnu make 3.79.1 or later to build the kernel.
-
-Binutils
---------
-
-Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
-assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
-your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
-release of binutils.
-
-System utilities
-================
-
-Architectural changes
----------------------
-
-DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
-(http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
-
-32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
-
-Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
-documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
-definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
-SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
-files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
-HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
-DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
-well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
-
-Util-linux
-----------
-
-New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
-support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
-types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
-You'll probably want to upgrade.
-
-Ksymoops
---------
-
-If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
-ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
-In the 2.6 kernel it is generally preferred to build the kernel with
-CONFIG_KALLSYMS so that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is
-(this also produces better output than ksymoops).
-If for some reason your kernel is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and
-you have no way to rebuild and reproduce the Oops with that option, then
-you can still decode that Oops with ksymoops.
-
-Module-Init-Tools
------------------
-
-A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
-to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
-
-Mkinitrd
---------
-
-These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
-mkinitrd be upgraded.
-
-E2fsprogs
----------
-
-The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
-debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
-
-JFSutils
---------
-
-The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
-The following utilities are available:
-o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
- and repair a JFS formatted partition.
-o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
-o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
-
-Reiserfsprogs
--------------
-
-The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
-(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
-versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
-reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
-
-Xfsprogs
---------
-
-The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
-xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
-architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
-work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
-later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
-
-PCMCIAutils
------------
-
-PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up
-PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
-for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
-subsystem is used.
-
-Pcmcia-cs
----------
-
-PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
-kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs
-for newest kernels.
-
-Quota-tools
------------
-
-Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
-the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
-newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
-from the table above.
-
-Intel IA32 microcode
---------------------
-
-A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
-accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
-udev you may need to:
-
-mkdir /dev/cpu
-mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
-chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
-
-as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
-get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
-
-Powertweak
-----------
-
-If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to
-version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems
-with programs using shared memory.
-
-udev
-----
-udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
-only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
-functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
-devices.
-
-FUSE
-----
-
-Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
-options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
-
-Networking
-==========
-
-General changes
----------------
-
-If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
-consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
-
-Packet Filter / NAT
--------------------
-The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
-kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
-for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
-
-PPP
----
-
-The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
-enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
-upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
-
-If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
-which can be made by:
-
-mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
-
-as root.
-
-Isdn4k-utils
-------------
-
-Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
-needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
-
-NFS-utils
----------
-
-In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any
-client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
-information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
-mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
-would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
-
-This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
-which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
-fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
-getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
-
-With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it
-gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate
-export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on
-rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently
-active clients.
-
-To enable this new functionality, you need to:
-
- mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
-
-before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
-services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
-that is possible.
-
-Getting updated software
-========================
-
-Kernel compilation
-******************
-
-gcc
----
-o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
-
-Make
-----
-o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
-
-Binutils
---------
-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
-
-System utilities
-****************
-
-Util-linux
-----------
-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
-
-Ksymoops
---------
-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
-
-Module-Init-Tools
------------------
-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
-
-Mkinitrd
---------
-o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/>
-
-E2fsprogs
----------
-o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
-
-JFSutils
---------
-o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
-
-Reiserfsprogs
--------------
-o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz>
-
-Xfsprogs
---------
-o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/>
-
-Pcmciautils
------------
-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
-
-Pcmcia-cs
----------
-o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/>
-
-Quota-tools
-----------
-o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
-
-DocBook Stylesheets
--------------------
-o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/>
-
-XMLTO XSLT Frontend
--------------------
-o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
-
-Intel P6 microcode
-------------------
-o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/>
-
-Powertweak
-----------
-o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/>
-
-udev
-----
-o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html>
-
-FUSE
-----
-o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
-
-Networking
-**********
-
-PPP
----
-o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz>
-
-Isdn4k-utils
-------------
-o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz>
-
-NFS-utils
----------
-o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
-
-Iptables
---------
-o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
-
-Ip-route2
----------
-o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
-
-OProfile
---------
-o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
-
-NFS-Utils
----------
-o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
-
+process/changes.rst \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingStyle b/Documentation/CodingStyle
index 1875e502f872..320983ca114e 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingStyle
+++ b/Documentation/CodingStyle
@@ -1,816 +1 @@
-
- Linux kernel coding style
-
-This is a short document describing the preferred coding style for the
-linux kernel. Coding style is very personal, and I won't _force_ my
-views on anybody, but this is what goes for anything that I have to be
-able to maintain, and I'd prefer it for most other things too. Please
-at least consider the points made here.
-
-First off, I'd suggest printing out a copy of the GNU coding standards,
-and NOT read it. Burn them, it's a great symbolic gesture.
-
-Anyway, here goes:
-
-
- Chapter 1: Indentation
-
-Tabs are 8 characters, and thus indentations are also 8 characters.
-There are heretic movements that try to make indentations 4 (or even 2!)
-characters deep, and that is akin to trying to define the value of PI to
-be 3.
-
-Rationale: The whole idea behind indentation is to clearly define where
-a block of control starts and ends. Especially when you've been looking
-at your screen for 20 straight hours, you'll find it a lot easier to see
-how the indentation works if you have large indentations.
-
-Now, some people will claim that having 8-character indentations makes
-the code move too far to the right, and makes it hard to read on a
-80-character terminal screen. The answer to that is that if you need
-more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed anyway, and should fix
-your program.
-
-In short, 8-char indents make things easier to read, and have the added
-benefit of warning you when you're nesting your functions too deep.
-Heed that warning.
-
-The preferred way to ease multiple indentation levels in a switch statement is
-to align the "switch" and its subordinate "case" labels in the same column
-instead of "double-indenting" the "case" labels. E.g.:
-
- switch (suffix) {
- case 'G':
- case 'g':
- mem <<= 30;
- break;
- case 'M':
- case 'm':
- mem <<= 20;
- break;
- case 'K':
- case 'k':
- mem <<= 10;
- /* fall through */
- default:
- break;
- }
-
-
-Don't put multiple statements on a single line unless you have
-something to hide:
-
- if (condition) do_this;
- do_something_everytime;
-
-Don't put multiple assignments on a single line either. Kernel coding style
-is super simple. Avoid tricky expressions.
-
-Outside of comments, documentation and except in Kconfig, spaces are never
-used for indentation, and the above example is deliberately broken.
-
-Get a decent editor and don't leave whitespace at the end of lines.
-
-
- Chapter 2: Breaking long lines and strings
-
-Coding style is all about readability and maintainability using commonly
-available tools.
-
-The limit on the length of lines is 80 columns and this is a strongly
-preferred limit.
-
-Statements longer than 80 columns will be broken into sensible chunks.
-Descendants are always substantially shorter than the parent and are placed
-substantially to the right. The same applies to function headers with a long
-argument list. Long strings are as well broken into shorter strings. The
-only exception to this is where exceeding 80 columns significantly increases
-readability and does not hide information.
-
-void fun(int a, int b, int c)
-{
- if (condition)
- printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning this is a long printk with "
- "3 parameters a: %u b: %u "
- "c: %u \n", a, b, c);
- else
- next_statement;
-}
-
- Chapter 3: Placing Braces and Spaces
-
-The other issue that always comes up in C styling is the placement of
-braces. Unlike the indent size, there are few technical reasons to
-choose one placement strategy over the other, but the preferred way, as
-shown to us by the prophets Kernighan and Ritchie, is to put the opening
-brace last on the line, and put the closing brace first, thusly:
-
- if (x is true) {
- we do y
- }
-
-This applies to all non-function statement blocks (if, switch, for,
-while, do). E.g.:
-
- switch (action) {
- case KOBJ_ADD:
- return "add";
- case KOBJ_REMOVE:
- return "remove";
- case KOBJ_CHANGE:
- return "change";
- default:
- return NULL;
- }
-
-However, there is one special case, namely functions: they have the
-opening brace at the beginning of the next line, thus:
-
- int function(int x)
- {
- body of function
- }
-
-Heretic people all over the world have claimed that this inconsistency
-is ... well ... inconsistent, but all right-thinking people know that
-(a) K&R are _right_ and (b) K&R are right. Besides, functions are
-special anyway (you can't nest them in C).
-
-Note that the closing brace is empty on a line of its own, _except_ in
-the cases where it is followed by a continuation of the same statement,
-ie a "while" in a do-statement or an "else" in an if-statement, like
-this:
-
- do {
- body of do-loop
- } while (condition);
-
-and
-
- if (x == y) {
- ..
- } else if (x > y) {
- ...
- } else {
- ....
- }
-
-Rationale: K&R.
-
-Also, note that this brace-placement also minimizes the number of empty
-(or almost empty) lines, without any loss of readability. Thus, as the
-supply of new-lines on your screen is not a renewable resource (think
-25-line terminal screens here), you have more empty lines to put
-comments on.
-
-Do not unnecessarily use braces where a single statement will do.
-
-if (condition)
- action();
-
-This does not apply if one branch of a conditional statement is a single
-statement. Use braces in both branches.
-
-if (condition) {
- do_this();
- do_that();
-} else {
- otherwise();
-}
-
- 3.1: Spaces
-
-Linux kernel style for use of spaces depends (mostly) on
-function-versus-keyword usage. Use a space after (most) keywords. The
-notable exceptions are sizeof, typeof, alignof, and __attribute__, which look
-somewhat like functions (and are usually used with parentheses in Linux,
-although they are not required in the language, as in: "sizeof info" after
-"struct fileinfo info;" is declared).
-
-So use a space after these keywords:
- if, switch, case, for, do, while
-but not with sizeof, typeof, alignof, or __attribute__. E.g.,
- s = sizeof(struct file);
-
-Do not add spaces around (inside) parenthesized expressions. This example is
-*bad*:
-
- s = sizeof( struct file );
-
-When declaring pointer data or a function that returns a pointer type, the
-preferred use of '*' is adjacent to the data name or function name and not
-adjacent to the type name. Examples:
-
- char *linux_banner;
- unsigned long long memparse(char *ptr, char **retptr);
- char *match_strdup(substring_t *s);
-
-Use one space around (on each side of) most binary and ternary operators,
-such as any of these:
-
- = + - < > * / % | & ^ <= >= == != ? :
-
-but no space after unary operators:
- & * + - ~ ! sizeof typeof alignof __attribute__ defined
-
-no space before the postfix increment & decrement unary operators:
- ++ --
-
-no space after the prefix increment & decrement unary operators:
- ++ --
-
-and no space around the '.' and "->" structure member operators.
-
-Do not leave trailing whitespace at the ends of lines. Some editors with
-"smart" indentation will insert whitespace at the beginning of new lines as
-appropriate, so you can start typing the next line of code right away.
-However, some such editors do not remove the whitespace if you end up not
-putting a line of code there, such as if you leave a blank line. As a result,
-you end up with lines containing trailing whitespace.
-
-Git will warn you about patches that introduce trailing whitespace, and can
-optionally strip the trailing whitespace for you; however, if applying a series
-of patches, this may make later patches in the series fail by changing their
-context lines.
-
-
- Chapter 4: Naming
-
-C is a Spartan language, and so should your naming be. Unlike Modula-2
-and Pascal programmers, C programmers do not use cute names like
-ThisVariableIsATemporaryCounter. A C programmer would call that
-variable "tmp", which is much easier to write, and not the least more
-difficult to understand.
-
-HOWEVER, while mixed-case names are frowned upon, descriptive names for
-global variables are a must. To call a global function "foo" is a
-shooting offense.
-
-GLOBAL variables (to be used only if you _really_ need them) need to
-have descriptive names, as do global functions. If you have a function
-that counts the number of active users, you should call that
-"count_active_users()" or similar, you should _not_ call it "cntusr()".
-
-Encoding the type of a function into the name (so-called Hungarian
-notation) is brain damaged - the compiler knows the types anyway and can
-check those, and it only confuses the programmer. No wonder MicroSoft
-makes buggy programs.
-
-LOCAL variable names should be short, and to the point. If you have
-some random integer loop counter, it should probably be called "i".
-Calling it "loop_counter" is non-productive, if there is no chance of it
-being mis-understood. Similarly, "tmp" can be just about any type of
-variable that is used to hold a temporary value.
-
-If you are afraid to mix up your local variable names, you have another
-problem, which is called the function-growth-hormone-imbalance syndrome.
-See chapter 6 (Functions).
-
-
- Chapter 5: Typedefs
-
-Please don't use things like "vps_t".
-
-It's a _mistake_ to use typedef for structures and pointers. When you see a
-
- vps_t a;
-
-in the source, what does it mean?
-
-In contrast, if it says
-
- struct virtual_container *a;
-
-you can actually tell what "a" is.
-
-Lots of people think that typedefs "help readability". Not so. They are
-useful only for:
-
- (a) totally opaque objects (where the typedef is actively used to _hide_
- what the object is).
-
- Example: "pte_t" etc. opaque objects that you can only access using
- the proper accessor functions.
-
- NOTE! Opaqueness and "accessor functions" are not good in themselves.
- The reason we have them for things like pte_t etc. is that there
- really is absolutely _zero_ portably accessible information there.
-
- (b) Clear integer types, where the abstraction _helps_ avoid confusion
- whether it is "int" or "long".
-
- u8/u16/u32 are perfectly fine typedefs, although they fit into
- category (d) better than here.
-
- NOTE! Again - there needs to be a _reason_ for this. If something is
- "unsigned long", then there's no reason to do
-
- typedef unsigned long myflags_t;
-
- but if there is a clear reason for why it under certain circumstances
- might be an "unsigned int" and under other configurations might be
- "unsigned long", then by all means go ahead and use a typedef.
-
- (c) when you use sparse to literally create a _new_ type for
- type-checking.
-
- (d) New types which are identical to standard C99 types, in certain
- exceptional circumstances.
-
- Although it would only take a short amount of time for the eyes and
- brain to become accustomed to the standard types like 'uint32_t',
- some people object to their use anyway.
-
- Therefore, the Linux-specific 'u8/u16/u32/u64' types and their
- signed equivalents which are identical to standard types are
- permitted -- although they are not mandatory in new code of your
- own.
-
- When editing existing code which already uses one or the other set
- of types, you should conform to the existing choices in that code.
-
- (e) Types safe for use in userspace.
-
- In certain structures which are visible to userspace, we cannot
- require C99 types and cannot use the 'u32' form above. Thus, we
- use __u32 and similar types in all structures which are shared
- with userspace.
-
-Maybe there are other cases too, but the rule should basically be to NEVER
-EVER use a typedef unless you can clearly match one of those rules.
-
-In general, a pointer, or a struct that has elements that can reasonably
-be directly accessed should _never_ be a typedef.
-
-
- Chapter 6: Functions
-
-Functions should be short and sweet, and do just one thing. They should
-fit on one or two screenfuls of text (the ISO/ANSI screen size is 80x24,
-as we all know), and do one thing and do that well.
-
-The maximum length of a function is inversely proportional to the
-complexity and indentation level of that function. So, if you have a
-conceptually simple function that is just one long (but simple)
-case-statement, where you have to do lots of small things for a lot of
-different cases, it's OK to have a longer function.
-
-However, if you have a complex function, and you suspect that a
-less-than-gifted first-year high-school student might not even
-understand what the function is all about, you should adhere to the
-maximum limits all the more closely. Use helper functions with
-descriptive names (you can ask the compiler to in-line them if you think
-it's performance-critical, and it will probably do a better job of it
-than you would have done).
-
-Another measure of the function is the number of local variables. They
-shouldn't exceed 5-10, or you're doing something wrong. Re-think the
-function, and split it into smaller pieces. A human brain can
-generally easily keep track of about 7 different things, anything more
-and it gets confused. You know you're brilliant, but maybe you'd like
-to understand what you did 2 weeks from now.
-
-In source files, separate functions with one blank line. If the function is
-exported, the EXPORT* macro for it should follow immediately after the closing
-function brace line. E.g.:
-
-int system_is_up(void)
-{
- return system_state == SYSTEM_RUNNING;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_is_up);
-
-In function prototypes, include parameter names with their data types.
-Although this is not required by the C language, it is preferred in Linux
-because it is a simple way to add valuable information for the reader.
-
-
- Chapter 7: Centralized exiting of functions
-
-Albeit deprecated by some people, the equivalent of the goto statement is
-used frequently by compilers in form of the unconditional jump instruction.
-
-The goto statement comes in handy when a function exits from multiple
-locations and some common work such as cleanup has to be done.
-
-The rationale is:
-
-- unconditional statements are easier to understand and follow
-- nesting is reduced
-- errors by not updating individual exit points when making
- modifications are prevented
-- saves the compiler work to optimize redundant code away ;)
-
-int fun(int a)
-{
- int result = 0;
- char *buffer = kmalloc(SIZE);
-
- if (buffer == NULL)
- return -ENOMEM;
-
- if (condition1) {
- while (loop1) {
- ...
- }
- result = 1;
- goto out;
- }
- ...
-out:
- kfree(buffer);
- return result;
-}
-
- Chapter 8: Commenting
-
-Comments are good, but there is also a danger of over-commenting. NEVER
-try to explain HOW your code works in a comment: it's much better to
-write the code so that the _working_ is obvious, and it's a waste of
-time to explain badly written code.
-
-Generally, you want your comments to tell WHAT your code does, not HOW.
-Also, try to avoid putting comments inside a function body: if the
-function is so complex that you need to separately comment parts of it,
-you should probably go back to chapter 6 for a while. You can make
-small comments to note or warn about something particularly clever (or
-ugly), but try to avoid excess. Instead, put the comments at the head
-of the function, telling people what it does, and possibly WHY it does
-it.
-
-When commenting the kernel API functions, please use the kernel-doc format.
-See the files Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt and scripts/kernel-doc
-for details.
-
-Linux style for comments is the C89 "/* ... */" style.
-Don't use C99-style "// ..." comments.
-
-The preferred style for long (multi-line) comments is:
-
- /*
- * This is the preferred style for multi-line
- * comments in the Linux kernel source code.
- * Please use it consistently.
- *
- * Description: A column of asterisks on the left side,
- * with beginning and ending almost-blank lines.
- */
-
-It's also important to comment data, whether they are basic types or derived
-types. To this end, use just one data declaration per line (no commas for
-multiple data declarations). This leaves you room for a small comment on each
-item, explaining its use.
-
-
- Chapter 9: You've made a mess of it
-
-That's OK, we all do. You've probably been told by your long-time Unix
-user helper that "GNU emacs" automatically formats the C sources for
-you, and you've noticed that yes, it does do that, but the defaults it
-uses are less than desirable (in fact, they are worse than random
-typing - an infinite number of monkeys typing into GNU emacs would never
-make a good program).
-
-So, you can either get rid of GNU emacs, or change it to use saner
-values. To do the latter, you can stick the following in your .emacs file:
-
-(defun c-lineup-arglist-tabs-only (ignored)
- "Line up argument lists by tabs, not spaces"
- (let* ((anchor (c-langelem-pos c-syntactic-element))
- (column (c-langelem-2nd-pos c-syntactic-element))
- (offset (- (1+ column) anchor))
- (steps (floor offset c-basic-offset)))
- (* (max steps 1)
- c-basic-offset)))
-
-(add-hook 'c-mode-hook
- (lambda ()
- (let ((filename (buffer-file-name)))
- ;; Enable kernel mode for the appropriate files
- (when (and filename
- (string-match "~/src/linux-trees" filename))
- (setq indent-tabs-mode t)
- (c-set-style "linux")
- (c-set-offset 'arglist-cont-nonempty
- '(c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg
- c-lineup-arglist-tabs-only))))))
-
-This will make emacs go better with the kernel coding style for C
-files below ~/src/linux-trees.
-
-But even if you fail in getting emacs to do sane formatting, not
-everything is lost: use "indent".
-
-Now, again, GNU indent has the same brain-dead settings that GNU emacs
-has, which is why you need to give it a few command line options.
-However, that's not too bad, because even the makers of GNU indent
-recognize the authority of K&R (the GNU people aren't evil, they are
-just severely misguided in this matter), so you just give indent the
-options "-kr -i8" (stands for "K&R, 8 character indents"), or use
-"scripts/Lindent", which indents in the latest style.
-
-"indent" has a lot of options, and especially when it comes to comment
-re-formatting you may want to take a look at the man page. But
-remember: "indent" is not a fix for bad programming.
-
-
- Chapter 10: Kconfig configuration files
-
-For all of the Kconfig* configuration files throughout the source tree,
-the indentation is somewhat different. Lines under a "config" definition
-are indented with one tab, while help text is indented an additional two
-spaces. Example:
-
-config AUDIT
- bool "Auditing support"
- depends on NET
- help
- Enable auditing infrastructure that can be used with another
- kernel subsystem, such as SELinux (which requires this for
- logging of avc messages output). Does not do system-call
- auditing without CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL.
-
-Features that might still be considered unstable should be defined as
-dependent on "EXPERIMENTAL":
-
-config SLUB
- depends on EXPERIMENTAL && !ARCH_USES_SLAB_PAGE_STRUCT
- bool "SLUB (Unqueued Allocator)"
- ...
-
-while seriously dangerous features (such as write support for certain
-filesystems) should advertise this prominently in their prompt string:
-
-config ADFS_FS_RW
- bool "ADFS write support (DANGEROUS)"
- depends on ADFS_FS
- ...
-
-For full documentation on the configuration files, see the file
-Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
-
-
- Chapter 11: Data structures
-
-Data structures that have visibility outside the single-threaded
-environment they are created and destroyed in should always have
-reference counts. In the kernel, garbage collection doesn't exist (and
-outside the kernel garbage collection is slow and inefficient), which
-means that you absolutely _have_ to reference count all your uses.
-
-Reference counting means that you can avoid locking, and allows multiple
-users to have access to the data structure in parallel - and not having
-to worry about the structure suddenly going away from under them just
-because they slept or did something else for a while.
-
-Note that locking is _not_ a replacement for reference counting.
-Locking is used to keep data structures coherent, while reference
-counting is a memory management technique. Usually both are needed, and
-they are not to be confused with each other.
-
-Many data structures can indeed have two levels of reference counting,
-when there are users of different "classes". The subclass count counts
-the number of subclass users, and decrements the global count just once
-when the subclass count goes to zero.
-
-Examples of this kind of "multi-level-reference-counting" can be found in
-memory management ("struct mm_struct": mm_users and mm_count), and in
-filesystem code ("struct super_block": s_count and s_active).
-
-Remember: if another thread can find your data structure, and you don't
-have a reference count on it, you almost certainly have a bug.
-
-
- Chapter 12: Macros, Enums and RTL
-
-Names of macros defining constants and labels in enums are capitalized.
-
-#define CONSTANT 0x12345
-
-Enums are preferred when defining several related constants.
-
-CAPITALIZED macro names are appreciated but macros resembling functions
-may be named in lower case.
-
-Generally, inline functions are preferable to macros resembling functions.
-
-Macros with multiple statements should be enclosed in a do - while block:
-
-#define macrofun(a, b, c) \
- do { \
- if (a == 5) \
- do_this(b, c); \
- } while (0)
-
-Things to avoid when using macros:
-
-1) macros that affect control flow:
-
-#define FOO(x) \
- do { \
- if (blah(x) < 0) \
- return -EBUGGERED; \
- } while(0)
-
-is a _very_ bad idea. It looks like a function call but exits the "calling"
-function; don't break the internal parsers of those who will read the code.
-
-2) macros that depend on having a local variable with a magic name:
-
-#define FOO(val) bar(index, val)
-
-might look like a good thing, but it's confusing as hell when one reads the
-code and it's prone to breakage from seemingly innocent changes.
-
-3) macros with arguments that are used as l-values: FOO(x) = y; will
-bite you if somebody e.g. turns FOO into an inline function.
-
-4) forgetting about precedence: macros defining constants using expressions
-must enclose the expression in parentheses. Beware of similar issues with
-macros using parameters.
-
-#define CONSTANT 0x4000
-#define CONSTEXP (CONSTANT | 3)
-
-The cpp manual deals with macros exhaustively. The gcc internals manual also
-covers RTL which is used frequently with assembly language in the kernel.
-
-
- Chapter 13: Printing kernel messages
-
-Kernel developers like to be seen as literate. Do mind the spelling
-of kernel messages to make a good impression. Do not use crippled
-words like "dont"; use "do not" or "don't" instead. Make the messages
-concise, clear, and unambiguous.
-
-Kernel messages do not have to be terminated with a period.
-
-Printing numbers in parentheses (%d) adds no value and should be avoided.
-
-There are a number of driver model diagnostic macros in <linux/device.h>
-which you should use to make sure messages are matched to the right device
-and driver, and are tagged with the right level: dev_err(), dev_warn(),
-dev_info(), and so forth. For messages that aren't associated with a
-particular device, <linux/kernel.h> defines pr_debug() and pr_info().
-
-Coming up with good debugging messages can be quite a challenge; and once
-you have them, they can be a huge help for remote troubleshooting. Such
-messages should be compiled out when the DEBUG symbol is not defined (that
-is, by default they are not included). When you use dev_dbg() or pr_debug(),
-that's automatic. Many subsystems have Kconfig options to turn on -DDEBUG.
-A related convention uses VERBOSE_DEBUG to add dev_vdbg() messages to the
-ones already enabled by DEBUG.
-
-
- Chapter 14: Allocating memory
-
-The kernel provides the following general purpose memory allocators:
-kmalloc(), kzalloc(), kcalloc(), and vmalloc(). Please refer to the API
-documentation for further information about them.
-
-The preferred form for passing a size of a struct is the following:
-
- p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p), ...);
-
-The alternative form where struct name is spelled out hurts readability and
-introduces an opportunity for a bug when the pointer variable type is changed
-but the corresponding sizeof that is passed to a memory allocator is not.
-
-Casting the return value which is a void pointer is redundant. The conversion
-from void pointer to any other pointer type is guaranteed by the C programming
-language.
-
-
- Chapter 15: The inline disease
-
-There appears to be a common misperception that gcc has a magic "make me
-faster" speedup option called "inline". While the use of inlines can be
-appropriate (for example as a means of replacing macros, see Chapter 12), it
-very often is not. Abundant use of the inline keyword leads to a much bigger
-kernel, which in turn slows the system as a whole down, due to a bigger
-icache footprint for the CPU and simply because there is less memory
-available for the pagecache. Just think about it; a pagecache miss causes a
-disk seek, which easily takes 5 miliseconds. There are a LOT of cpu cycles
-that can go into these 5 miliseconds.
-
-A reasonable rule of thumb is to not put inline at functions that have more
-than 3 lines of code in them. An exception to this rule are the cases where
-a parameter is known to be a compiletime constant, and as a result of this
-constantness you *know* the compiler will be able to optimize most of your
-function away at compile time. For a good example of this later case, see
-the kmalloc() inline function.
-
-Often people argue that adding inline to functions that are static and used
-only once is always a win since there is no space tradeoff. While this is
-technically correct, gcc is capable of inlining these automatically without
-help, and the maintenance issue of removing the inline when a second user
-appears outweighs the potential value of the hint that tells gcc to do
-something it would have done anyway.
-
-
- Chapter 16: Function return values and names
-
-Functions can return values of many different kinds, and one of the
-most common is a value indicating whether the function succeeded or
-failed. Such a value can be represented as an error-code integer
-(-Exxx = failure, 0 = success) or a "succeeded" boolean (0 = failure,
-non-zero = success).
-
-Mixing up these two sorts of representations is a fertile source of
-difficult-to-find bugs. If the C language included a strong distinction
-between integers and booleans then the compiler would find these mistakes
-for us... but it doesn't. To help prevent such bugs, always follow this
-convention:
-
- If the name of a function is an action or an imperative command,
- the function should return an error-code integer. If the name
- is a predicate, the function should return a "succeeded" boolean.
-
-For example, "add work" is a command, and the add_work() function returns 0
-for success or -EBUSY for failure. In the same way, "PCI device present" is
-a predicate, and the pci_dev_present() function returns 1 if it succeeds in
-finding a matching device or 0 if it doesn't.
-
-All EXPORTed functions must respect this convention, and so should all
-public functions. Private (static) functions need not, but it is
-recommended that they do.
-
-Functions whose return value is the actual result of a computation, rather
-than an indication of whether the computation succeeded, are not subject to
-this rule. Generally they indicate failure by returning some out-of-range
-result. Typical examples would be functions that return pointers; they use
-NULL or the ERR_PTR mechanism to report failure.
-
-
- Chapter 17: Don't re-invent the kernel macros
-
-The header file include/linux/kernel.h contains a number of macros that
-you should use, rather than explicitly coding some variant of them yourself.
-For example, if you need to calculate the length of an array, take advantage
-of the macro
-
- #define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
-
-Similarly, if you need to calculate the size of some structure member, use
-
- #define FIELD_SIZEOF(t, f) (sizeof(((t*)0)->f))
-
-There are also min() and max() macros that do strict type checking if you
-need them. Feel free to peruse that header file to see what else is already
-defined that you shouldn't reproduce in your code.
-
-
- Chapter 18: Editor modelines and other cruft
-
-Some editors can interpret configuration information embedded in source files,
-indicated with special markers. For example, emacs interprets lines marked
-like this:
-
--*- mode: c -*-
-
-Or like this:
-
-/*
-Local Variables:
-compile-command: "gcc -DMAGIC_DEBUG_FLAG foo.c"
-End:
-*/
-
-Vim interprets markers that look like this:
-
-/* vim:set sw=8 noet */
-
-Do not include any of these in source files. People have their own personal
-editor configurations, and your source files should not override them. This
-includes markers for indentation and mode configuration. People may use their
-own custom mode, or may have some other magic method for making indentation
-work correctly.
-
-
-
- Appendix I: References
-
-The C Programming Language, Second Edition
-by Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie.
-Prentice Hall, Inc., 1988.
-ISBN 0-13-110362-8 (paperback), 0-13-110370-9 (hardback).
-URL: http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/cbook/
-
-The Practice of Programming
-by Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike.
-Addison-Wesley, Inc., 1999.
-ISBN 0-201-61586-X.
-URL: http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/tpop/
-
-GNU manuals - where in compliance with K&R and this text - for cpp, gcc,
-gcc internals and indent, all available from http://www.gnu.org/manual/
-
-WG14 is the international standardization working group for the programming
-language C, URL: http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/
-
-Kernel CodingStyle, by greg@kroah.com at OLS 2002:
-http://www.kroah.com/linux/talks/ols_2002_kernel_codingstyle_talk/html/
-
---
-Last updated on 2007-July-13.
-
+This file has moved to process/coding-style.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-API.txt b/Documentation/DMA-API.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d8b63d164e41..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DMA-API.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,614 +0,0 @@
- Dynamic DMA mapping using the generic device
- ============================================
-
- James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
-
-This document describes the DMA API. For a more gentle introduction
-phrased in terms of the pci_ equivalents (and actual examples) see
-DMA-mapping.txt
-
-This API is split into two pieces. Part I describes the API and the
-corresponding pci_ API. Part II describes the extensions to the API
-for supporting non-consistent memory machines. Unless you know that
-your driver absolutely has to support non-consistent platforms (this
-is usually only legacy platforms) you should only use the API
-described in part I.
-
-Part I - pci_ and dma_ Equivalent API
--------------------------------------
-
-To get the pci_ API, you must #include <linux/pci.h>
-To get the dma_ API, you must #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
-
-
-Part Ia - Using large dma-coherent buffers
-------------------------------------------
-
-void *
-dma_alloc_coherent(struct device *dev, size_t size,
- dma_addr_t *dma_handle, gfp_t flag)
-void *
-pci_alloc_consistent(struct pci_dev *dev, size_t size,
- dma_addr_t *dma_handle)
-
-Consistent memory is memory for which a write by either the device or
-the processor can immediately be read by the processor or device
-without having to worry about caching effects. (You may however need
-to make sure to flush the processor's write buffers before telling
-devices to read that memory.)
-
-This routine allocates a region of <size> bytes of consistent memory.
-It also returns a <dma_handle> which may be cast to an unsigned
-integer the same width as the bus and used as the physical address
-base of the region.
-
-Returns: a pointer to the allocated region (in the processor's virtual
-address space) or NULL if the allocation failed.
-
-Note: consistent memory can be expensive on some platforms, and the
-minimum allocation length may be as big as a page, so you should
-consolidate your requests for consistent memory as much as possible.
-The simplest way to do that is to use the dma_pool calls (see below).
-
-The flag parameter (dma_alloc_coherent only) allows the caller to
-specify the GFP_ flags (see kmalloc) for the allocation (the
-implementation may choose to ignore flags that affect the location of
-the returned memory, like GFP_DMA). For pci_alloc_consistent, you
-must assume GFP_ATOMIC behaviour.
-
-void
-dma_free_coherent(struct device *dev, size_t size, void *cpu_addr,
- dma_addr_t dma_handle)
-void
-pci_free_consistent(struct pci_dev *dev, size_t size, void *cpu_addr,
- dma_addr_t dma_handle)
-
-Free the region of consistent memory you previously allocated. dev,
-size and dma_handle must all be the same as those passed into the
-consistent allocate. cpu_addr must be the virtual address returned by
-the consistent allocate.
-
-Note that unlike their sibling allocation calls, these routines
-may only be called with IRQs enabled.
-
-
-Part Ib - Using small dma-coherent buffers
-------------------------------------------
-
-To get this part of the dma_ API, you must #include <linux/dmapool.h>
-
-Many drivers need lots of small dma-coherent memory regions for DMA
-descriptors or I/O buffers. Rather than allocating in units of a page
-or more using dma_alloc_coherent(), you can use DMA pools. These work
-much like a struct kmem_cache, except that they use the dma-coherent allocator,
-not __get_free_pages(). Also, they understand common hardware constraints
-for alignment, like queue heads needing to be aligned on N-byte boundaries.
-
-
- struct dma_pool *
- dma_pool_create(const char *name, struct device *dev,
- size_t size, size_t align, size_t alloc);
-
- struct pci_pool *
- pci_pool_create(const char *name, struct pci_device *dev,
- size_t size, size_t align, size_t alloc);
-
-The pool create() routines initialize a pool of dma-coherent buffers
-for use with a given device. It must be called in a context which
-can sleep.
-
-The "name" is for diagnostics (like a struct kmem_cache name); dev and size
-are like what you'd pass to dma_alloc_coherent(). The device's hardware
-alignment requirement for this type of data is "align" (which is expressed
-in bytes, and must be a power of two). If your device has no boundary
-crossing restrictions, pass 0 for alloc; passing 4096 says memory allocated
-from this pool must not cross 4KByte boundaries.
-
-
- void *dma_pool_alloc(struct dma_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp_flags,
- dma_addr_t *dma_handle);
-
- void *pci_pool_alloc(struct pci_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp_flags,
- dma_addr_t *dma_handle);
-
-This allocates memory from the pool; the returned memory will meet the size
-and alignment requirements specified at creation time. Pass GFP_ATOMIC to
-prevent blocking, or if it's permitted (not in_interrupt, not holding SMP locks),
-pass GFP_KERNEL to allow blocking. Like dma_alloc_coherent(), this returns
-two values: an address usable by the cpu, and the dma address usable by the
-pool's device.
-
-
- void dma_pool_free(struct dma_pool *pool, void *vaddr,
- dma_addr_t addr);
-
- void pci_pool_free(struct pci_pool *pool, void *vaddr,
- dma_addr_t addr);
-
-This puts memory back into the pool. The pool is what was passed to
-the pool allocation routine; the cpu (vaddr) and dma addresses are what
-were returned when that routine allocated the memory being freed.
-
-
- void dma_pool_destroy(struct dma_pool *pool);
-
- void pci_pool_destroy(struct pci_pool *pool);
-
-The pool destroy() routines free the resources of the pool. They must be
-called in a context which can sleep. Make sure you've freed all allocated
-memory back to the pool before you destroy it.
-
-
-Part Ic - DMA addressing limitations
-------------------------------------
-
-int
-dma_supported(struct device *dev, u64 mask)
-int
-pci_dma_supported(struct pci_dev *hwdev, u64 mask)
-
-Checks to see if the device can support DMA to the memory described by
-mask.
-
-Returns: 1 if it can and 0 if it can't.
-
-Notes: This routine merely tests to see if the mask is possible. It
-won't change the current mask settings. It is more intended as an
-internal API for use by the platform than an external API for use by
-driver writers.
-
-int
-dma_set_mask(struct device *dev, u64 mask)
-int
-pci_set_dma_mask(struct pci_device *dev, u64 mask)
-
-Checks to see if the mask is possible and updates the device
-parameters if it is.
-
-Returns: 0 if successful and a negative error if not.
-
-u64
-dma_get_required_mask(struct device *dev)
-
-After setting the mask with dma_set_mask(), this API returns the
-actual mask (within that already set) that the platform actually
-requires to operate efficiently. Usually this means the returned mask
-is the minimum required to cover all of memory. Examining the
-required mask gives drivers with variable descriptor sizes the
-opportunity to use smaller descriptors as necessary.
-
-Requesting the required mask does not alter the current mask. If you
-wish to take advantage of it, you should issue another dma_set_mask()
-call to lower the mask again.
-
-
-Part Id - Streaming DMA mappings
---------------------------------
-
-dma_addr_t
-dma_map_single(struct device *dev, void *cpu_addr, size_t size,
- enum dma_data_direction direction)
-dma_addr_t
-pci_map_single(struct pci_dev *hwdev, void *cpu_addr, size_t size,
- int direction)
-
-Maps a piece of processor virtual memory so it can be accessed by the
-device and returns the physical handle of the memory.
-
-The direction for both api's may be converted freely by casting.
-However the dma_ API uses a strongly typed enumerator for its
-direction:
-
-DMA_NONE = PCI_DMA_NONE no direction (used for
- debugging)
-DMA_TO_DEVICE = PCI_DMA_TODEVICE data is going from the
- memory to the device
-DMA_FROM_DEVICE = PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE data is coming from
- the device to the
- memory
-DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL = PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL direction isn't known
-
-Notes: Not all memory regions in a machine can be mapped by this
-API. Further, regions that appear to be physically contiguous in
-kernel virtual space may not be contiguous as physical memory. Since
-this API does not provide any scatter/gather capability, it will fail
-if the user tries to map a non-physically contiguous piece of memory.
-For this reason, it is recommended that memory mapped by this API be
-obtained only from sources which guarantee it to be physically contiguous
-(like kmalloc).
-
-Further, the physical address of the memory must be within the
-dma_mask of the device (the dma_mask represents a bit mask of the
-addressable region for the device. I.e., if the physical address of
-the memory anded with the dma_mask is still equal to the physical
-address, then the device can perform DMA to the memory). In order to
-ensure that the memory allocated by kmalloc is within the dma_mask,
-the driver may specify various platform-dependent flags to restrict
-the physical memory range of the allocation (e.g. on x86, GFP_DMA
-guarantees to be within the first 16Mb of available physical memory,
-as required by ISA devices).
-
-Note also that the above constraints on physical contiguity and
-dma_mask may not apply if the platform has an IOMMU (a device which
-supplies a physical to virtual mapping between the I/O memory bus and
-the device). However, to be portable, device driver writers may *not*
-assume that such an IOMMU exists.
-
-Warnings: Memory coherency operates at a granularity called the cache
-line width. In order for memory mapped by this API to operate
-correctly, the mapped region must begin exactly on a cache line
-boundary and end exactly on one (to prevent two separately mapped
-regions from sharing a single cache line). Since the cache line size
-may not be known at compile time, the API will not enforce this
-requirement. Therefore, it is recommended that driver writers who
-don't take special care to determine the cache line size at run time
-only map virtual regions that begin and end on page boundaries (which
-are guaranteed also to be cache line boundaries).
-
-DMA_TO_DEVICE synchronisation must be done after the last modification
-of the memory region by the software and before it is handed off to
-the driver. Once this primitive is used, memory covered by this
-primitive should be treated as read-only by the device. If the device
-may write to it at any point, it should be DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL (see
-below).
-
-DMA_FROM_DEVICE synchronisation must be done before the driver
-accesses data that may be changed by the device. This memory should
-be treated as read-only by the driver. If the driver needs to write
-to it at any point, it should be DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL (see below).
-
-DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL requires special handling: it means that the driver
-isn't sure if the memory was modified before being handed off to the
-device and also isn't sure if the device will also modify it. Thus,
-you must always sync bidirectional memory twice: once before the
-memory is handed off to the device (to make sure all memory changes
-are flushed from the processor) and once before the data may be
-accessed after being used by the device (to make sure any processor
-cache lines are updated with data that the device may have changed).
-
-void
-dma_unmap_single(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr, size_t size,
- enum dma_data_direction direction)
-void
-pci_unmap_single(struct pci_dev *hwdev, dma_addr_t dma_addr,
- size_t size, int direction)
-
-Unmaps the region previously mapped. All the parameters passed in
-must be identical to those passed in (and returned) by the mapping
-API.
-
-dma_addr_t
-dma_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page,
- unsigned long offset, size_t size,
- enum dma_data_direction direction)
-dma_addr_t
-pci_map_page(struct pci_dev *hwdev, struct page *page,
- unsigned long offset, size_t size, int direction)
-void
-dma_unmap_page(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_address, size_t size,
- enum dma_data_direction direction)
-void
-pci_unmap_page(struct pci_dev *hwdev, dma_addr_t dma_address,
- size_t size, int direction)
-
-API for mapping and unmapping for pages. All the notes and warnings
-for the other mapping APIs apply here. Also, although the <offset>
-and <size> parameters are provided to do partial page mapping, it is
-recommended that you never use these unless you really know what the
-cache width is.
-
-int
-dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr)
-
-int
-pci_dma_mapping_error(struct pci_dev *hwdev, dma_addr_t dma_addr)
-
-In some circumstances dma_map_single and dma_map_page will fail to create
-a mapping. A driver can check for these errors by testing the returned
-dma address with dma_mapping_error(). A non-zero return value means the mapping
-could not be created and the driver should take appropriate action (e.g.
-reduce current DMA mapping usage or delay and try again later).
-
- int
- dma_map_sg(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg,
- int nents, enum dma_data_direction direction)
- int
- pci_map_sg(struct pci_dev *hwdev, struct scatterlist *sg,
- int nents, int direction)
-
-Maps a scatter gather list from the block layer.
-
-Returns: the number of physical segments mapped (this may be shorter
-than <nents> passed in if the block layer determines that some
-elements of the scatter/gather list are physically adjacent and thus
-may be mapped with a single entry).
-
-Please note that the sg cannot be mapped again if it has been mapped once.
-The mapping process is allowed to destroy information in the sg.
-
-As with the other mapping interfaces, dma_map_sg can fail. When it
-does, 0 is returned and a driver must take appropriate action. It is
-critical that the driver do something, in the case of a block driver
-aborting the request or even oopsing is better than doing nothing and
-corrupting the filesystem.
-
-With scatterlists, you use the resulting mapping like this:
-
- int i, count = dma_map_sg(dev, sglist, nents, direction);
- struct scatterlist *sg;
-
- for (i = 0, sg = sglist; i < count; i++, sg++) {
- hw_address[i] = sg_dma_address(sg);
- hw_len[i] = sg_dma_len(sg);
- }
-
-where nents is the number of entries in the sglist.
-
-The implementation is free to merge several consecutive sglist entries
-into one (e.g. with an IOMMU, or if several pages just happen to be
-physically contiguous) and returns the actual number of sg entries it
-mapped them to. On failure 0, is returned.
-
-Then you should loop count times (note: this can be less than nents times)
-and use sg_dma_address() and sg_dma_len() macros where you previously
-accessed sg->address and sg->length as shown above.
-
- void
- dma_unmap_sg(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg,
- int nhwentries, enum dma_data_direction direction)
- void
- pci_unmap_sg(struct pci_dev *hwdev, struct scatterlist *sg,
- int nents, int direction)
-
-Unmap the previously mapped scatter/gather list. All the parameters
-must be the same as those and passed in to the scatter/gather mapping
-API.
-
-Note: <nents> must be the number you passed in, *not* the number of
-physical entries returned.
-
-void
-dma_sync_single(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_handle, size_t size,
- enum dma_data_direction direction)
-void
-pci_dma_sync_single(struct pci_dev *hwdev, dma_addr_t dma_handle,
- size_t size, int direction)
-void
-dma_sync_sg(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg, int nelems,
- enum dma_data_direction direction)
-void
-pci_dma_sync_sg(struct pci_dev *hwdev, struct scatterlist *sg,
- int nelems, int direction)
-
-Synchronise a single contiguous or scatter/gather mapping. All the
-parameters must be the same as those passed into the single mapping
-API.
-
-Notes: You must do this:
-
-- Before reading values that have been written by DMA from the device
- (use the DMA_FROM_DEVICE direction)
-- After writing values that will be written to the device using DMA
- (use the DMA_TO_DEVICE) direction
-- before *and* after handing memory to the device if the memory is
- DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL
-
-See also dma_map_single().
-
-dma_addr_t
-dma_map_single_attrs(struct device *dev, void *cpu_addr, size_t size,
- enum dma_data_direction dir,
- struct dma_attrs *attrs)
-
-void
-dma_unmap_single_attrs(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr,
- size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir,
- struct dma_attrs *attrs)
-
-int
-dma_map_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sgl,
- int nents, enum dma_data_direction dir,
- struct dma_attrs *attrs)
-
-void
-dma_unmap_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sgl,
- int nents, enum dma_data_direction dir,
- struct dma_attrs *attrs)
-
-The four functions above are just like the counterpart functions
-without the _attrs suffixes, except that they pass an optional
-struct dma_attrs*.
-
-struct dma_attrs encapsulates a set of "dma attributes". For the
-definition of struct dma_attrs see linux/dma-attrs.h.
-
-The interpretation of dma attributes is architecture-specific, and
-each attribute should be documented in Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt.
-
-If struct dma_attrs* is NULL, the semantics of each of these
-functions is identical to those of the corresponding function
-without the _attrs suffix. As a result dma_map_single_attrs()
-can generally replace dma_map_single(), etc.
-
-As an example of the use of the *_attrs functions, here's how
-you could pass an attribute DMA_ATTR_FOO when mapping memory
-for DMA:
-
-#include <linux/dma-attrs.h>
-/* DMA_ATTR_FOO should be defined in linux/dma-attrs.h and
- * documented in Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt */
-...
-
- DEFINE_DMA_ATTRS(attrs);
- dma_set_attr(DMA_ATTR_FOO, &attrs);
- ....
- n = dma_map_sg_attrs(dev, sg, nents, DMA_TO_DEVICE, &attr);
- ....
-
-Architectures that care about DMA_ATTR_FOO would check for its
-presence in their implementations of the mapping and unmapping
-routines, e.g.:
-
-void whizco_dma_map_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr,
- size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir,
- struct dma_attrs *attrs)
-{
- ....
- int foo = dma_get_attr(DMA_ATTR_FOO, attrs);
- ....
- if (foo)
- /* twizzle the frobnozzle */
- ....
-
-
-Part II - Advanced dma_ usage
------------------------------
-
-Warning: These pieces of the DMA API have no PCI equivalent. They
-should also not be used in the majority of cases, since they cater for
-unlikely corner cases that don't belong in usual drivers.
-
-If you don't understand how cache line coherency works between a
-processor and an I/O device, you should not be using this part of the
-API at all.
-
-void *
-dma_alloc_noncoherent(struct device *dev, size_t size,
- dma_addr_t *dma_handle, gfp_t flag)
-
-Identical to dma_alloc_coherent() except that the platform will
-choose to return either consistent or non-consistent memory as it sees
-fit. By using this API, you are guaranteeing to the platform that you
-have all the correct and necessary sync points for this memory in the
-driver should it choose to return non-consistent memory.
-
-Note: where the platform can return consistent memory, it will
-guarantee that the sync points become nops.
-
-Warning: Handling non-consistent memory is a real pain. You should
-only ever use this API if you positively know your driver will be
-required to work on one of the rare (usually non-PCI) architectures
-that simply cannot make consistent memory.
-
-void
-dma_free_noncoherent(struct device *dev, size_t size, void *cpu_addr,
- dma_addr_t dma_handle)
-
-Free memory allocated by the nonconsistent API. All parameters must
-be identical to those passed in (and returned by
-dma_alloc_noncoherent()).
-
-int
-dma_is_consistent(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_handle)
-
-Returns true if the device dev is performing consistent DMA on the memory
-area pointed to by the dma_handle.
-
-int
-dma_get_cache_alignment(void)
-
-Returns the processor cache alignment. This is the absolute minimum
-alignment *and* width that you must observe when either mapping
-memory or doing partial flushes.
-
-Notes: This API may return a number *larger* than the actual cache
-line, but it will guarantee that one or more cache lines fit exactly
-into the width returned by this call. It will also always be a power
-of two for easy alignment.
-
-void
-dma_sync_single_range(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_handle,
- unsigned long offset, size_t size,
- enum dma_data_direction direction)
-
-Does a partial sync, starting at offset and continuing for size. You
-must be careful to observe the cache alignment and width when doing
-anything like this. You must also be extra careful about accessing
-memory you intend to sync partially.
-
-void
-dma_cache_sync(struct device *dev, void *vaddr, size_t size,
- enum dma_data_direction direction)
-
-Do a partial sync of memory that was allocated by
-dma_alloc_noncoherent(), starting at virtual address vaddr and
-continuing on for size. Again, you *must* observe the cache line
-boundaries when doing this.
-
-int
-dma_declare_coherent_memory(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t bus_addr,
- dma_addr_t device_addr, size_t size, int
- flags)
-
-Declare region of memory to be handed out by dma_alloc_coherent when
-it's asked for coherent memory for this device.
-
-bus_addr is the physical address to which the memory is currently
-assigned in the bus responding region (this will be used by the
-platform to perform the mapping).
-
-device_addr is the physical address the device needs to be programmed
-with actually to address this memory (this will be handed out as the
-dma_addr_t in dma_alloc_coherent()).
-
-size is the size of the area (must be multiples of PAGE_SIZE).
-
-flags can be or'd together and are:
-
-DMA_MEMORY_MAP - request that the memory returned from
-dma_alloc_coherent() be directly writable.
-
-DMA_MEMORY_IO - request that the memory returned from
-dma_alloc_coherent() be addressable using read/write/memcpy_toio etc.
-
-One or both of these flags must be present.
-
-DMA_MEMORY_INCLUDES_CHILDREN - make the declared memory be allocated by
-dma_alloc_coherent of any child devices of this one (for memory residing
-on a bridge).
-
-DMA_MEMORY_EXCLUSIVE - only allocate memory from the declared regions.
-Do not allow dma_alloc_coherent() to fall back to system memory when
-it's out of memory in the declared region.
-
-The return value will be either DMA_MEMORY_MAP or DMA_MEMORY_IO and
-must correspond to a passed in flag (i.e. no returning DMA_MEMORY_IO
-if only DMA_MEMORY_MAP were passed in) for success or zero for
-failure.
-
-Note, for DMA_MEMORY_IO returns, all subsequent memory returned by
-dma_alloc_coherent() may no longer be accessed directly, but instead
-must be accessed using the correct bus functions. If your driver
-isn't prepared to handle this contingency, it should not specify
-DMA_MEMORY_IO in the input flags.
-
-As a simplification for the platforms, only *one* such region of
-memory may be declared per device.
-
-For reasons of efficiency, most platforms choose to track the declared
-region only at the granularity of a page. For smaller allocations,
-you should use the dma_pool() API.
-
-void
-dma_release_declared_memory(struct device *dev)
-
-Remove the memory region previously declared from the system. This
-API performs *no* in-use checking for this region and will return
-unconditionally having removed all the required structures. It is the
-driver's job to ensure that no parts of this memory region are
-currently in use.
-
-void *
-dma_mark_declared_memory_occupied(struct device *dev,
- dma_addr_t device_addr, size_t size)
-
-This is used to occupy specific regions of the declared space
-(dma_alloc_coherent() will hand out the first free region it finds).
-
-device_addr is the *device* address of the region requested.
-
-size is the size (and should be a page-sized multiple).
-
-The return value will be either a pointer to the processor virtual
-address of the memory, or an error (via PTR_ERR()) if any part of the
-region is occupied.
diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-ISA-LPC.txt b/Documentation/DMA-ISA-LPC.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index e767805b4182..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DMA-ISA-LPC.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
- DMA with ISA and LPC devices
- ============================
-
- Pierre Ossman <drzeus@drzeus.cx>
-
-This document describes how to do DMA transfers using the old ISA DMA
-controller. Even though ISA is more or less dead today the LPC bus
-uses the same DMA system so it will be around for quite some time.
-
-Part I - Headers and dependencies
----------------------------------
-
-To do ISA style DMA you need to include two headers:
-
-#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
-#include <asm/dma.h>
-
-The first is the generic DMA API used to convert virtual addresses to
-physical addresses (see Documentation/DMA-API.txt for details).
-
-The second contains the routines specific to ISA DMA transfers. Since
-this is not present on all platforms make sure you construct your
-Kconfig to be dependent on ISA_DMA_API (not ISA) so that nobody tries
-to build your driver on unsupported platforms.
-
-Part II - Buffer allocation
----------------------------
-
-The ISA DMA controller has some very strict requirements on which
-memory it can access so extra care must be taken when allocating
-buffers.
-
-(You usually need a special buffer for DMA transfers instead of
-transferring directly to and from your normal data structures.)
-
-The DMA-able address space is the lowest 16 MB of _physical_ memory.
-Also the transfer block may not cross page boundaries (which are 64
-or 128 KiB depending on which channel you use).
-
-In order to allocate a piece of memory that satisfies all these
-requirements you pass the flag GFP_DMA to kmalloc.
-
-Unfortunately the memory available for ISA DMA is scarce so unless you
-allocate the memory during boot-up it's a good idea to also pass
-__GFP_REPEAT and __GFP_NOWARN to make the allocater try a bit harder.
-
-(This scarcity also means that you should allocate the buffer as
-early as possible and not release it until the driver is unloaded.)
-
-Part III - Address translation
-------------------------------
-
-To translate the virtual address to a physical use the normal DMA
-API. Do _not_ use isa_virt_to_phys() even though it does the same
-thing. The reason for this is that the function isa_virt_to_phys()
-will require a Kconfig dependency to ISA, not just ISA_DMA_API which
-is really all you need. Remember that even though the DMA controller
-has its origins in ISA it is used elsewhere.
-
-Note: x86_64 had a broken DMA API when it came to ISA but has since
-been fixed. If your arch has problems then fix the DMA API instead of
-reverting to the ISA functions.
-
-Part IV - Channels
-------------------
-
-A normal ISA DMA controller has 8 channels. The lower four are for
-8-bit transfers and the upper four are for 16-bit transfers.
-
-(Actually the DMA controller is really two separate controllers where
-channel 4 is used to give DMA access for the second controller (0-3).
-This means that of the four 16-bits channels only three are usable.)
-
-You allocate these in a similar fashion as all basic resources:
-
-extern int request_dma(unsigned int dmanr, const char * device_id);
-extern void free_dma(unsigned int dmanr);
-
-The ability to use 16-bit or 8-bit transfers is _not_ up to you as a
-driver author but depends on what the hardware supports. Check your
-specs or test different channels.
-
-Part V - Transfer data
-----------------------
-
-Now for the good stuff, the actual DMA transfer. :)
-
-Before you use any ISA DMA routines you need to claim the DMA lock
-using claim_dma_lock(). The reason is that some DMA operations are
-not atomic so only one driver may fiddle with the registers at a
-time.
-
-The first time you use the DMA controller you should call
-clear_dma_ff(). This clears an internal register in the DMA
-controller that is used for the non-atomic operations. As long as you
-(and everyone else) uses the locking functions then you only need to
-reset this once.
-
-Next, you tell the controller in which direction you intend to do the
-transfer using set_dma_mode(). Currently you have the options
-DMA_MODE_READ and DMA_MODE_WRITE.
-
-Set the address from where the transfer should start (this needs to
-be 16-bit aligned for 16-bit transfers) and how many bytes to
-transfer. Note that it's _bytes_. The DMA routines will do all the
-required translation to values that the DMA controller understands.
-
-The final step is enabling the DMA channel and releasing the DMA
-lock.
-
-Once the DMA transfer is finished (or timed out) you should disable
-the channel again. You should also check get_dma_residue() to make
-sure that all data has been transferred.
-
-Example:
-
-int flags, residue;
-
-flags = claim_dma_lock();
-
-clear_dma_ff();
-
-set_dma_mode(channel, DMA_MODE_WRITE);
-set_dma_addr(channel, phys_addr);
-set_dma_count(channel, num_bytes);
-
-dma_enable(channel);
-
-release_dma_lock(flags);
-
-while (!device_done());
-
-flags = claim_dma_lock();
-
-dma_disable(channel);
-
-residue = dma_get_residue(channel);
-if (residue != 0)
- printk(KERN_ERR "driver: Incomplete DMA transfer!"
- " %d bytes left!\n", residue);
-
-release_dma_lock(flags);
-
-Part VI - Suspend/resume
-------------------------
-
-It is the driver's responsibility to make sure that the machine isn't
-suspended while a DMA transfer is in progress. Also, all DMA settings
-are lost when the system suspends so if your driver relies on the DMA
-controller being in a certain state then you have to restore these
-registers upon resume.
diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt b/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b768cc0e402b..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
- DMA attributes
- ==============
-
-This document describes the semantics of the DMA attributes that are
-defined in linux/dma-attrs.h.
-
-DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER
-----------------------
-
-DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER is a (write) barrier attribute for DMA. DMA
-to a memory region with the DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER attribute forces
-all pending DMA writes to complete, and thus provides a mechanism to
-strictly order DMA from a device across all intervening busses and
-bridges. This barrier is not specific to a particular type of
-interconnect, it applies to the system as a whole, and so its
-implementation must account for the idiosyncracies of the system all
-the way from the DMA device to memory.
-
-As an example of a situation where DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER would be
-useful, suppose that a device does a DMA write to indicate that data is
-ready and available in memory. The DMA of the "completion indication"
-could race with data DMA. Mapping the memory used for completion
-indications with DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER would prevent the race.
-
-DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING
-----------------------
-
-DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING specifies that reads and writes to the mapping
-may be weakly ordered, that is that reads and writes may pass each other.
-
-Since it is optional for platforms to implement DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING,
-those that do not will simply ignore the attribute and exhibit default
-behavior.
diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt b/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b463ecd0c7ce..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,766 +0,0 @@
- Dynamic DMA mapping
- ===================
-
- David S. Miller <davem@redhat.com>
- Richard Henderson <rth@cygnus.com>
- Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
-
-This document describes the DMA mapping system in terms of the pci_
-API. For a similar API that works for generic devices, see
-DMA-API.txt.
-
-Most of the 64bit platforms have special hardware that translates bus
-addresses (DMA addresses) into physical addresses. This is similar to
-how page tables and/or a TLB translates virtual addresses to physical
-addresses on a CPU. This is needed so that e.g. PCI devices can
-access with a Single Address Cycle (32bit DMA address) any page in the
-64bit physical address space. Previously in Linux those 64bit
-platforms had to set artificial limits on the maximum RAM size in the
-system, so that the virt_to_bus() static scheme works (the DMA address
-translation tables were simply filled on bootup to map each bus
-address to the physical page __pa(bus_to_virt())).
-
-So that Linux can use the dynamic DMA mapping, it needs some help from the
-drivers, namely it has to take into account that DMA addresses should be
-mapped only for the time they are actually used and unmapped after the DMA
-transfer.
-
-The following API will work of course even on platforms where no such
-hardware exists, see e.g. include/asm-i386/pci.h for how it is implemented on
-top of the virt_to_bus interface.
-
-First of all, you should make sure
-
-#include <linux/pci.h>
-
-is in your driver. This file will obtain for you the definition of the
-dma_addr_t (which can hold any valid DMA address for the platform)
-type which should be used everywhere you hold a DMA (bus) address
-returned from the DMA mapping functions.
-
- What memory is DMA'able?
-
-The first piece of information you must know is what kernel memory can
-be used with the DMA mapping facilities. There has been an unwritten
-set of rules regarding this, and this text is an attempt to finally
-write them down.
-
-If you acquired your memory via the page allocator
-(i.e. __get_free_page*()) or the generic memory allocators
-(i.e. kmalloc() or kmem_cache_alloc()) then you may DMA to/from
-that memory using the addresses returned from those routines.
-
-This means specifically that you may _not_ use the memory/addresses
-returned from vmalloc() for DMA. It is possible to DMA to the
-_underlying_ memory mapped into a vmalloc() area, but this requires
-walking page tables to get the physical addresses, and then
-translating each of those pages back to a kernel address using
-something like __va(). [ EDIT: Update this when we integrate
-Gerd Knorr's generic code which does this. ]
-
-This rule also means that you may use neither kernel image addresses
-(items in data/text/bss segments), nor module image addresses, nor
-stack addresses for DMA. These could all be mapped somewhere entirely
-different than the rest of physical memory. Even if those classes of
-memory could physically work with DMA, you'd need to ensure the I/O
-buffers were cacheline-aligned. Without that, you'd see cacheline
-sharing problems (data corruption) on CPUs with DMA-incoherent caches.
-(The CPU could write to one word, DMA would write to a different one
-in the same cache line, and one of them could be overwritten.)
-
-Also, this means that you cannot take the return of a kmap()
-call and DMA to/from that. This is similar to vmalloc().
-
-What about block I/O and networking buffers? The block I/O and
-networking subsystems make sure that the buffers they use are valid
-for you to DMA from/to.
-
- DMA addressing limitations
-
-Does your device have any DMA addressing limitations? For example, is
-your device only capable of driving the low order 24-bits of address
-on the PCI bus for SAC DMA transfers? If so, you need to inform the
-PCI layer of this fact.
-
-By default, the kernel assumes that your device can address the full
-32-bits in a SAC cycle. For a 64-bit DAC capable device, this needs
-to be increased. And for a device with limitations, as discussed in
-the previous paragraph, it needs to be decreased.
-
-pci_alloc_consistent() by default will return 32-bit DMA addresses.
-PCI-X specification requires PCI-X devices to support 64-bit
-addressing (DAC) for all transactions. And at least one platform (SGI
-SN2) requires 64-bit consistent allocations to operate correctly when
-the IO bus is in PCI-X mode. Therefore, like with pci_set_dma_mask(),
-it's good practice to call pci_set_consistent_dma_mask() to set the
-appropriate mask even if your device only supports 32-bit DMA
-(default) and especially if it's a PCI-X device.
-
-For correct operation, you must interrogate the PCI layer in your
-device probe routine to see if the PCI controller on the machine can
-properly support the DMA addressing limitation your device has. It is
-good style to do this even if your device holds the default setting,
-because this shows that you did think about these issues wrt. your
-device.
-
-The query is performed via a call to pci_set_dma_mask():
-
- int pci_set_dma_mask(struct pci_dev *pdev, u64 device_mask);
-
-The query for consistent allocations is performed via a call to
-pci_set_consistent_dma_mask():
-
- int pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(struct pci_dev *pdev, u64 device_mask);
-
-Here, pdev is a pointer to the PCI device struct of your device, and
-device_mask is a bit mask describing which bits of a PCI address your
-device supports. It returns zero if your card can perform DMA
-properly on the machine given the address mask you provided.
-
-If it returns non-zero, your device cannot perform DMA properly on
-this platform, and attempting to do so will result in undefined
-behavior. You must either use a different mask, or not use DMA.
-
-This means that in the failure case, you have three options:
-
-1) Use another DMA mask, if possible (see below).
-2) Use some non-DMA mode for data transfer, if possible.
-3) Ignore this device and do not initialize it.
-
-It is recommended that your driver print a kernel KERN_WARNING message
-when you end up performing either #2 or #3. In this manner, if a user
-of your driver reports that performance is bad or that the device is not
-even detected, you can ask them for the kernel messages to find out
-exactly why.
-
-The standard 32-bit addressing PCI device would do something like
-this:
-
- if (pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_32BIT_MASK)) {
- printk(KERN_WARNING
- "mydev: No suitable DMA available.\n");
- goto ignore_this_device;
- }
-
-Another common scenario is a 64-bit capable device. The approach
-here is to try for 64-bit DAC addressing, but back down to a
-32-bit mask should that fail. The PCI platform code may fail the
-64-bit mask not because the platform is not capable of 64-bit
-addressing. Rather, it may fail in this case simply because
-32-bit SAC addressing is done more efficiently than DAC addressing.
-Sparc64 is one platform which behaves in this way.
-
-Here is how you would handle a 64-bit capable device which can drive
-all 64-bits when accessing streaming DMA:
-
- int using_dac;
-
- if (!pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_64BIT_MASK)) {
- using_dac = 1;
- } else if (!pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_32BIT_MASK)) {
- using_dac = 0;
- } else {
- printk(KERN_WARNING
- "mydev: No suitable DMA available.\n");
- goto ignore_this_device;
- }
-
-If a card is capable of using 64-bit consistent allocations as well,
-the case would look like this:
-
- int using_dac, consistent_using_dac;
-
- if (!pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_64BIT_MASK)) {
- using_dac = 1;
- consistent_using_dac = 1;
- pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_64BIT_MASK);
- } else if (!pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_32BIT_MASK)) {
- using_dac = 0;
- consistent_using_dac = 0;
- pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_32BIT_MASK);
- } else {
- printk(KERN_WARNING
- "mydev: No suitable DMA available.\n");
- goto ignore_this_device;
- }
-
-pci_set_consistent_dma_mask() will always be able to set the same or a
-smaller mask as pci_set_dma_mask(). However for the rare case that a
-device driver only uses consistent allocations, one would have to
-check the return value from pci_set_consistent_dma_mask().
-
-Finally, if your device can only drive the low 24-bits of
-address during PCI bus mastering you might do something like:
-
- if (pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_24BIT_MASK)) {
- printk(KERN_WARNING
- "mydev: 24-bit DMA addressing not available.\n");
- goto ignore_this_device;
- }
-
-When pci_set_dma_mask() is successful, and returns zero, the PCI layer
-saves away this mask you have provided. The PCI layer will use this
-information later when you make DMA mappings.
-
-There is a case which we are aware of at this time, which is worth
-mentioning in this documentation. If your device supports multiple
-functions (for example a sound card provides playback and record
-functions) and the various different functions have _different_
-DMA addressing limitations, you may wish to probe each mask and
-only provide the functionality which the machine can handle. It
-is important that the last call to pci_set_dma_mask() be for the
-most specific mask.
-
-Here is pseudo-code showing how this might be done:
-
- #define PLAYBACK_ADDRESS_BITS DMA_32BIT_MASK
- #define RECORD_ADDRESS_BITS 0x00ffffff
-
- struct my_sound_card *card;
- struct pci_dev *pdev;
-
- ...
- if (!pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, PLAYBACK_ADDRESS_BITS)) {
- card->playback_enabled = 1;
- } else {
- card->playback_enabled = 0;
- printk(KERN_WARN "%s: Playback disabled due to DMA limitations.\n",
- card->name);
- }
- if (!pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, RECORD_ADDRESS_BITS)) {
- card->record_enabled = 1;
- } else {
- card->record_enabled = 0;
- printk(KERN_WARN "%s: Record disabled due to DMA limitations.\n",
- card->name);
- }
-
-A sound card was used as an example here because this genre of PCI
-devices seems to be littered with ISA chips given a PCI front end,
-and thus retaining the 16MB DMA addressing limitations of ISA.
-
- Types of DMA mappings
-
-There are two types of DMA mappings:
-
-- Consistent DMA mappings which are usually mapped at driver
- initialization, unmapped at the end and for which the hardware should
- guarantee that the device and the CPU can access the data
- in parallel and will see updates made by each other without any
- explicit software flushing.
-
- Think of "consistent" as "synchronous" or "coherent".
-
- The current default is to return consistent memory in the low 32
- bits of the PCI bus space. However, for future compatibility you
- should set the consistent mask even if this default is fine for your
- driver.
-
- Good examples of what to use consistent mappings for are:
-
- - Network card DMA ring descriptors.
- - SCSI adapter mailbox command data structures.
- - Device firmware microcode executed out of
- main memory.
-
- The invariant these examples all require is that any CPU store
- to memory is immediately visible to the device, and vice
- versa. Consistent mappings guarantee this.
-
- IMPORTANT: Consistent DMA memory does not preclude the usage of
- proper memory barriers. The CPU may reorder stores to
- consistent memory just as it may normal memory. Example:
- if it is important for the device to see the first word
- of a descriptor updated before the second, you must do
- something like:
-
- desc->word0 = address;
- wmb();
- desc->word1 = DESC_VALID;
-
- in order to get correct behavior on all platforms.
-
- Also, on some platforms your driver may need to flush CPU write
- buffers in much the same way as it needs to flush write buffers
- found in PCI bridges (such as by reading a register's value
- after writing it).
-
-- Streaming DMA mappings which are usually mapped for one DMA transfer,
- unmapped right after it (unless you use pci_dma_sync_* below) and for which
- hardware can optimize for sequential accesses.
-
- This of "streaming" as "asynchronous" or "outside the coherency
- domain".
-
- Good examples of what to use streaming mappings for are:
-
- - Networking buffers transmitted/received by a device.
- - Filesystem buffers written/read by a SCSI device.
-
- The interfaces for using this type of mapping were designed in
- such a way that an implementation can make whatever performance
- optimizations the hardware allows. To this end, when using
- such mappings you must be explicit about what you want to happen.
-
-Neither type of DMA mapping has alignment restrictions that come
-from PCI, although some devices may have such restrictions.
-Also, systems with caches that aren't DMA-coherent will work better
-when the underlying buffers don't share cache lines with other data.
-
-
- Using Consistent DMA mappings.
-
-To allocate and map large (PAGE_SIZE or so) consistent DMA regions,
-you should do:
-
- dma_addr_t dma_handle;
-
- cpu_addr = pci_alloc_consistent(pdev, size, &dma_handle);
-
-where pdev is a struct pci_dev *. This may be called in interrupt context.
-You should use dma_alloc_coherent (see DMA-API.txt) for buses
-where devices don't have struct pci_dev (like ISA, EISA).
-
-This argument is needed because the DMA translations may be bus
-specific (and often is private to the bus which the device is attached
-to).
-
-Size is the length of the region you want to allocate, in bytes.
-
-This routine will allocate RAM for that region, so it acts similarly to
-__get_free_pages (but takes size instead of a page order). If your
-driver needs regions sized smaller than a page, you may prefer using
-the pci_pool interface, described below.
-
-The consistent DMA mapping interfaces, for non-NULL pdev, will by
-default return a DMA address which is SAC (Single Address Cycle)
-addressable. Even if the device indicates (via PCI dma mask) that it
-may address the upper 32-bits and thus perform DAC cycles, consistent
-allocation will only return > 32-bit PCI addresses for DMA if the
-consistent dma mask has been explicitly changed via
-pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(). This is true of the pci_pool interface
-as well.
-
-pci_alloc_consistent returns two values: the virtual address which you
-can use to access it from the CPU and dma_handle which you pass to the
-card.
-
-The cpu return address and the DMA bus master address are both
-guaranteed to be aligned to the smallest PAGE_SIZE order which
-is greater than or equal to the requested size. This invariant
-exists (for example) to guarantee that if you allocate a chunk
-which is smaller than or equal to 64 kilobytes, the extent of the
-buffer you receive will not cross a 64K boundary.
-
-To unmap and free such a DMA region, you call:
-
- pci_free_consistent(pdev, size, cpu_addr, dma_handle);
-
-where pdev, size are the same as in the above call and cpu_addr and
-dma_handle are the values pci_alloc_consistent returned to you.
-This function may not be called in interrupt context.
-
-If your driver needs lots of smaller memory regions, you can write
-custom code to subdivide pages returned by pci_alloc_consistent,
-or you can use the pci_pool API to do that. A pci_pool is like
-a kmem_cache, but it uses pci_alloc_consistent not __get_free_pages.
-Also, it understands common hardware constraints for alignment,
-like queue heads needing to be aligned on N byte boundaries.
-
-Create a pci_pool like this:
-
- struct pci_pool *pool;
-
- pool = pci_pool_create(name, pdev, size, align, alloc);
-
-The "name" is for diagnostics (like a kmem_cache name); pdev and size
-are as above. The device's hardware alignment requirement for this
-type of data is "align" (which is expressed in bytes, and must be a
-power of two). If your device has no boundary crossing restrictions,
-pass 0 for alloc; passing 4096 says memory allocated from this pool
-must not cross 4KByte boundaries (but at that time it may be better to
-go for pci_alloc_consistent directly instead).
-
-Allocate memory from a pci pool like this:
-
- cpu_addr = pci_pool_alloc(pool, flags, &dma_handle);
-
-flags are SLAB_KERNEL if blocking is permitted (not in_interrupt nor
-holding SMP locks), SLAB_ATOMIC otherwise. Like pci_alloc_consistent,
-this returns two values, cpu_addr and dma_handle.
-
-Free memory that was allocated from a pci_pool like this:
-
- pci_pool_free(pool, cpu_addr, dma_handle);
-
-where pool is what you passed to pci_pool_alloc, and cpu_addr and
-dma_handle are the values pci_pool_alloc returned. This function
-may be called in interrupt context.
-
-Destroy a pci_pool by calling:
-
- pci_pool_destroy(pool);
-
-Make sure you've called pci_pool_free for all memory allocated
-from a pool before you destroy the pool. This function may not
-be called in interrupt context.
-
- DMA Direction
-
-The interfaces described in subsequent portions of this document
-take a DMA direction argument, which is an integer and takes on
-one of the following values:
-
- PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL
- PCI_DMA_TODEVICE
- PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE
- PCI_DMA_NONE
-
-One should provide the exact DMA direction if you know it.
-
-PCI_DMA_TODEVICE means "from main memory to the PCI device"
-PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE means "from the PCI device to main memory"
-It is the direction in which the data moves during the DMA
-transfer.
-
-You are _strongly_ encouraged to specify this as precisely
-as you possibly can.
-
-If you absolutely cannot know the direction of the DMA transfer,
-specify PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL. It means that the DMA can go in
-either direction. The platform guarantees that you may legally
-specify this, and that it will work, but this may be at the
-cost of performance for example.
-
-The value PCI_DMA_NONE is to be used for debugging. One can
-hold this in a data structure before you come to know the
-precise direction, and this will help catch cases where your
-direction tracking logic has failed to set things up properly.
-
-Another advantage of specifying this value precisely (outside of
-potential platform-specific optimizations of such) is for debugging.
-Some platforms actually have a write permission boolean which DMA
-mappings can be marked with, much like page protections in the user
-program address space. Such platforms can and do report errors in the
-kernel logs when the PCI controller hardware detects violation of the
-permission setting.
-
-Only streaming mappings specify a direction, consistent mappings
-implicitly have a direction attribute setting of
-PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL.
-
-The SCSI subsystem tells you the direction to use in the
-'sc_data_direction' member of the SCSI command your driver is
-working on.
-
-For Networking drivers, it's a rather simple affair. For transmit
-packets, map/unmap them with the PCI_DMA_TODEVICE direction
-specifier. For receive packets, just the opposite, map/unmap them
-with the PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE direction specifier.
-
- Using Streaming DMA mappings
-
-The streaming DMA mapping routines can be called from interrupt
-context. There are two versions of each map/unmap, one which will
-map/unmap a single memory region, and one which will map/unmap a
-scatterlist.
-
-To map a single region, you do:
-
- struct pci_dev *pdev = mydev->pdev;
- dma_addr_t dma_handle;
- void *addr = buffer->ptr;
- size_t size = buffer->len;
-
- dma_handle = pci_map_single(pdev, addr, size, direction);
-
-and to unmap it:
-
- pci_unmap_single(pdev, dma_handle, size, direction);
-
-You should call pci_unmap_single when the DMA activity is finished, e.g.
-from the interrupt which told you that the DMA transfer is done.
-
-Using cpu pointers like this for single mappings has a disadvantage,
-you cannot reference HIGHMEM memory in this way. Thus, there is a
-map/unmap interface pair akin to pci_{map,unmap}_single. These
-interfaces deal with page/offset pairs instead of cpu pointers.
-Specifically:
-
- struct pci_dev *pdev = mydev->pdev;
- dma_addr_t dma_handle;
- struct page *page = buffer->page;
- unsigned long offset = buffer->offset;
- size_t size = buffer->len;
-
- dma_handle = pci_map_page(pdev, page, offset, size, direction);
-
- ...
-
- pci_unmap_page(pdev, dma_handle, size, direction);
-
-Here, "offset" means byte offset within the given page.
-
-With scatterlists, you map a region gathered from several regions by:
-
- int i, count = pci_map_sg(pdev, sglist, nents, direction);
- struct scatterlist *sg;
-
- for_each_sg(sglist, sg, count, i) {
- hw_address[i] = sg_dma_address(sg);
- hw_len[i] = sg_dma_len(sg);
- }
-
-where nents is the number of entries in the sglist.
-
-The implementation is free to merge several consecutive sglist entries
-into one (e.g. if DMA mapping is done with PAGE_SIZE granularity, any
-consecutive sglist entries can be merged into one provided the first one
-ends and the second one starts on a page boundary - in fact this is a huge
-advantage for cards which either cannot do scatter-gather or have very
-limited number of scatter-gather entries) and returns the actual number
-of sg entries it mapped them to. On failure 0 is returned.
-
-Then you should loop count times (note: this can be less than nents times)
-and use sg_dma_address() and sg_dma_len() macros where you previously
-accessed sg->address and sg->length as shown above.
-
-To unmap a scatterlist, just call:
-
- pci_unmap_sg(pdev, sglist, nents, direction);
-
-Again, make sure DMA activity has already finished.
-
-PLEASE NOTE: The 'nents' argument to the pci_unmap_sg call must be
- the _same_ one you passed into the pci_map_sg call,
- it should _NOT_ be the 'count' value _returned_ from the
- pci_map_sg call.
-
-Every pci_map_{single,sg} call should have its pci_unmap_{single,sg}
-counterpart, because the bus address space is a shared resource (although
-in some ports the mapping is per each BUS so less devices contend for the
-same bus address space) and you could render the machine unusable by eating
-all bus addresses.
-
-If you need to use the same streaming DMA region multiple times and touch
-the data in between the DMA transfers, the buffer needs to be synced
-properly in order for the cpu and device to see the most uptodate and
-correct copy of the DMA buffer.
-
-So, firstly, just map it with pci_map_{single,sg}, and after each DMA
-transfer call either:
-
- pci_dma_sync_single_for_cpu(pdev, dma_handle, size, direction);
-
-or:
-
- pci_dma_sync_sg_for_cpu(pdev, sglist, nents, direction);
-
-as appropriate.
-
-Then, if you wish to let the device get at the DMA area again,
-finish accessing the data with the cpu, and then before actually
-giving the buffer to the hardware call either:
-
- pci_dma_sync_single_for_device(pdev, dma_handle, size, direction);
-
-or:
-
- pci_dma_sync_sg_for_device(dev, sglist, nents, direction);
-
-as appropriate.
-
-After the last DMA transfer call one of the DMA unmap routines
-pci_unmap_{single,sg}. If you don't touch the data from the first pci_map_*
-call till pci_unmap_*, then you don't have to call the pci_dma_sync_*
-routines at all.
-
-Here is pseudo code which shows a situation in which you would need
-to use the pci_dma_sync_*() interfaces.
-
- my_card_setup_receive_buffer(struct my_card *cp, char *buffer, int len)
- {
- dma_addr_t mapping;
-
- mapping = pci_map_single(cp->pdev, buffer, len, PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE);
-
- cp->rx_buf = buffer;
- cp->rx_len = len;
- cp->rx_dma = mapping;
-
- give_rx_buf_to_card(cp);
- }
-
- ...
-
- my_card_interrupt_handler(int irq, void *devid, struct pt_regs *regs)
- {
- struct my_card *cp = devid;
-
- ...
- if (read_card_status(cp) == RX_BUF_TRANSFERRED) {
- struct my_card_header *hp;
-
- /* Examine the header to see if we wish
- * to accept the data. But synchronize
- * the DMA transfer with the CPU first
- * so that we see updated contents.
- */
- pci_dma_sync_single_for_cpu(cp->pdev, cp->rx_dma,
- cp->rx_len,
- PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE);
-
- /* Now it is safe to examine the buffer. */
- hp = (struct my_card_header *) cp->rx_buf;
- if (header_is_ok(hp)) {
- pci_unmap_single(cp->pdev, cp->rx_dma, cp->rx_len,
- PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE);
- pass_to_upper_layers(cp->rx_buf);
- make_and_setup_new_rx_buf(cp);
- } else {
- /* Just sync the buffer and give it back
- * to the card.
- */
- pci_dma_sync_single_for_device(cp->pdev,
- cp->rx_dma,
- cp->rx_len,
- PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE);
- give_rx_buf_to_card(cp);
- }
- }
- }
-
-Drivers converted fully to this interface should not use virt_to_bus any
-longer, nor should they use bus_to_virt. Some drivers have to be changed a
-little bit, because there is no longer an equivalent to bus_to_virt in the
-dynamic DMA mapping scheme - you have to always store the DMA addresses
-returned by the pci_alloc_consistent, pci_pool_alloc, and pci_map_single
-calls (pci_map_sg stores them in the scatterlist itself if the platform
-supports dynamic DMA mapping in hardware) in your driver structures and/or
-in the card registers.
-
-All PCI drivers should be using these interfaces with no exceptions.
-It is planned to completely remove virt_to_bus() and bus_to_virt() as
-they are entirely deprecated. Some ports already do not provide these
-as it is impossible to correctly support them.
-
- Optimizing Unmap State Space Consumption
-
-On many platforms, pci_unmap_{single,page}() is simply a nop.
-Therefore, keeping track of the mapping address and length is a waste
-of space. Instead of filling your drivers up with ifdefs and the like
-to "work around" this (which would defeat the whole purpose of a
-portable API) the following facilities are provided.
-
-Actually, instead of describing the macros one by one, we'll
-transform some example code.
-
-1) Use DECLARE_PCI_UNMAP_{ADDR,LEN} in state saving structures.
- Example, before:
-
- struct ring_state {
- struct sk_buff *skb;
- dma_addr_t mapping;
- __u32 len;
- };
-
- after:
-
- struct ring_state {
- struct sk_buff *skb;
- DECLARE_PCI_UNMAP_ADDR(mapping)
- DECLARE_PCI_UNMAP_LEN(len)
- };
-
- NOTE: DO NOT put a semicolon at the end of the DECLARE_*()
- macro.
-
-2) Use pci_unmap_{addr,len}_set to set these values.
- Example, before:
-
- ringp->mapping = FOO;
- ringp->len = BAR;
-
- after:
-
- pci_unmap_addr_set(ringp, mapping, FOO);
- pci_unmap_len_set(ringp, len, BAR);
-
-3) Use pci_unmap_{addr,len} to access these values.
- Example, before:
-
- pci_unmap_single(pdev, ringp->mapping, ringp->len,
- PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE);
-
- after:
-
- pci_unmap_single(pdev,
- pci_unmap_addr(ringp, mapping),
- pci_unmap_len(ringp, len),
- PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE);
-
-It really should be self-explanatory. We treat the ADDR and LEN
-separately, because it is possible for an implementation to only
-need the address in order to perform the unmap operation.
-
- Platform Issues
-
-If you are just writing drivers for Linux and do not maintain
-an architecture port for the kernel, you can safely skip down
-to "Closing".
-
-1) Struct scatterlist requirements.
-
- Struct scatterlist must contain, at a minimum, the following
- members:
-
- struct page *page;
- unsigned int offset;
- unsigned int length;
-
- The base address is specified by a "page+offset" pair.
-
- Previous versions of struct scatterlist contained a "void *address"
- field that was sometimes used instead of page+offset. As of Linux
- 2.5., page+offset is always used, and the "address" field has been
- deleted.
-
-2) More to come...
-
- Handling Errors
-
-DMA address space is limited on some architectures and an allocation
-failure can be determined by:
-
-- checking if pci_alloc_consistent returns NULL or pci_map_sg returns 0
-
-- checking the returned dma_addr_t of pci_map_single and pci_map_page
- by using pci_dma_mapping_error():
-
- dma_addr_t dma_handle;
-
- dma_handle = pci_map_single(pdev, addr, size, direction);
- if (pci_dma_mapping_error(dma_handle)) {
- /*
- * reduce current DMA mapping usage,
- * delay and try again later or
- * reset driver.
- */
- }
-
- Closing
-
-This document, and the API itself, would not be in it's current
-form without the feedback and suggestions from numerous individuals.
-We would like to specifically mention, in no particular order, the
-following people:
-
- Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
- Leo Dagum <dagum@barrel.engr.sgi.com>
- Ralf Baechle <ralf@oss.sgi.com>
- Grant Grundler <grundler@cup.hp.com>
- Jay Estabrook <Jay.Estabrook@compaq.com>
- Thomas Sailer <sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch>
- Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de>
- Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
- David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/.gitignore b/Documentation/DocBook/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index c102c02ecf89..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-*.xml
-*.ps
-*.pdf
-*.html
-*.9.gz
-*.9
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile b/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 1615350b7b53..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-###
-# This makefile is used to generate the kernel documentation,
-# primarily based on in-line comments in various source files.
-# See Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt for instruction in how
-# to document the SRC - and how to read it.
-# To add a new book the only step required is to add the book to the
-# list of DOCBOOKS.
-
-DOCBOOKS := wanbook.xml z8530book.xml mcabook.xml videobook.xml \
- kernel-hacking.xml kernel-locking.xml deviceiobook.xml \
- procfs-guide.xml writing_usb_driver.xml networking.xml \
- kernel-api.xml filesystems.xml lsm.xml usb.xml kgdb.xml \
- gadget.xml libata.xml mtdnand.xml librs.xml rapidio.xml \
- genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml \
- mac80211.xml debugobjects.xml sh.xml
-
-###
-# The build process is as follows (targets):
-# (xmldocs) [by docproc]
-# file.tmpl --> file.xml +--> file.ps (psdocs) [by db2ps or xmlto]
-# +--> file.pdf (pdfdocs) [by db2pdf or xmlto]
-# +--> DIR=file (htmldocs) [by xmlto]
-# +--> man/ (mandocs) [by xmlto]
-
-
-# for PDF and PS output you can choose between xmlto and docbook-utils tools
-PDF_METHOD = $(prefer-db2x)
-PS_METHOD = $(prefer-db2x)
-
-
-###
-# The targets that may be used.
-PHONY += xmldocs sgmldocs psdocs pdfdocs htmldocs mandocs installmandocs
-
-BOOKS := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(DOCBOOKS))
-xmldocs: $(BOOKS)
-sgmldocs: xmldocs
-
-PS := $(patsubst %.xml, %.ps, $(BOOKS))
-psdocs: $(PS)
-
-PDF := $(patsubst %.xml, %.pdf, $(BOOKS))
-pdfdocs: $(PDF)
-
-HTML := $(sort $(patsubst %.xml, %.html, $(BOOKS)))
-htmldocs: $(HTML)
- $(call build_main_index)
-
-MAN := $(patsubst %.xml, %.9, $(BOOKS))
-mandocs: $(MAN)
-
-installmandocs: mandocs
- mkdir -p /usr/local/man/man9/
- install Documentation/DocBook/man/*.9.gz /usr/local/man/man9/
-
-###
-#External programs used
-KERNELDOC = $(srctree)/scripts/kernel-doc
-DOCPROC = $(objtree)/scripts/basic/docproc
-
-XMLTOFLAGS = -m $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl
-#XMLTOFLAGS += --skip-validation
-
-###
-# DOCPROC is used for two purposes:
-# 1) To generate a dependency list for a .tmpl file
-# 2) To preprocess a .tmpl file and call kernel-doc with
-# appropriate parameters.
-# The following rules are used to generate the .xml documentation
-# required to generate the final targets. (ps, pdf, html).
-quiet_cmd_docproc = DOCPROC $@
- cmd_docproc = SRCTREE=$(srctree)/ $(DOCPROC) doc $< >$@
-define rule_docproc
- set -e; \
- $(if $($(quiet)cmd_$(1)),echo ' $($(quiet)cmd_$(1))';) \
- $(cmd_$(1)); \
- ( \
- echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_$(1))'; \
- echo $@: `SRCTREE=$(srctree) $(DOCPROC) depend $<`; \
- ) > $(dir $@).$(notdir $@).cmd
-endef
-
-%.xml: %.tmpl FORCE
- $(call if_changed_rule,docproc)
-
-###
-#Read in all saved dependency files
-cmd_files := $(wildcard $(foreach f,$(BOOKS),$(dir $(f)).$(notdir $(f)).cmd))
-
-ifneq ($(cmd_files),)
- include $(cmd_files)
-endif
-
-###
-# Changes in kernel-doc force a rebuild of all documentation
-$(BOOKS): $(KERNELDOC)
-
-###
-# procfs guide uses a .c file as example code.
-# This requires an explicit dependency
-C-procfs-example = procfs_example.xml
-C-procfs-example2 = $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(C-procfs-example))
-$(obj)/procfs-guide.xml: $(C-procfs-example2)
-
-# List of programs to build
-##oops, this is a kernel module::hostprogs-y := procfs_example
-obj-m += procfs_example.o
-
-# Tell kbuild to always build the programs
-always := $(hostprogs-y)
-
-notfoundtemplate = echo "*** You have to install docbook-utils or xmlto ***"; \
- exit 1
-db2xtemplate = db2TYPE -o $(dir $@) $<
-xmltotemplate = xmlto TYPE $(XMLTOFLAGS) -o $(dir $@) $<
-
-# determine which methods are available
-ifeq ($(shell which db2ps >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo found),found)
- use-db2x = db2x
- prefer-db2x = db2x
-else
- use-db2x = notfound
- prefer-db2x = $(use-xmlto)
-endif
-ifeq ($(shell which xmlto >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo found),found)
- use-xmlto = xmlto
- prefer-xmlto = xmlto
-else
- use-xmlto = notfound
- prefer-xmlto = $(use-db2x)
-endif
-
-# the commands, generated from the chosen template
-quiet_cmd_db2ps = PS $@
- cmd_db2ps = $(subst TYPE,ps, $($(PS_METHOD)template))
-%.ps : %.xml
- $(call cmd,db2ps)
-
-quiet_cmd_db2pdf = PDF $@
- cmd_db2pdf = $(subst TYPE,pdf, $($(PDF_METHOD)template))
-%.pdf : %.xml
- $(call cmd,db2pdf)
-
-
-main_idx = Documentation/DocBook/index.html
-build_main_index = rm -rf $(main_idx) && \
- echo '<h1>Linux Kernel HTML Documentation</h1>' >> $(main_idx) && \
- echo '<h2>Kernel Version: $(KERNELVERSION)</h2>' >> $(main_idx) && \
- cat $(HTML) >> $(main_idx)
-
-quiet_cmd_db2html = HTML $@
- cmd_db2html = xmlto xhtml $(XMLTOFLAGS) -o $(patsubst %.html,%,$@) $< && \
- echo '<a HREF="$(patsubst %.html,%,$(notdir $@))/index.html"> \
- $(patsubst %.html,%,$(notdir $@))</a><p>' > $@
-
-%.html: %.xml
- @(which xmlto > /dev/null 2>&1) || \
- (echo "*** You need to install xmlto ***"; \
- exit 1)
- @rm -rf $@ $(patsubst %.html,%,$@)
- $(call cmd,db2html)
- @if [ ! -z "$(PNG-$(basename $(notdir $@)))" ]; then \
- cp $(PNG-$(basename $(notdir $@))) $(patsubst %.html,%,$@); fi
-
-quiet_cmd_db2man = MAN $@
- cmd_db2man = if grep -q refentry $<; then xmlto man $(XMLTOFLAGS) -o $(obj)/man $< ; gzip -f $(obj)/man/*.9; fi
-%.9 : %.xml
- @(which xmlto > /dev/null 2>&1) || \
- (echo "*** You need to install xmlto ***"; \
- exit 1)
- $(Q)mkdir -p $(obj)/man
- $(call cmd,db2man)
- @touch $@
-
-###
-# Rules to generate postscripts and PNG images from .fig format files
-quiet_cmd_fig2eps = FIG2EPS $@
- cmd_fig2eps = fig2dev -Leps $< $@
-
-%.eps: %.fig
- @(which fig2dev > /dev/null 2>&1) || \
- (echo "*** You need to install transfig ***"; \
- exit 1)
- $(call cmd,fig2eps)
-
-quiet_cmd_fig2png = FIG2PNG $@
- cmd_fig2png = fig2dev -Lpng $< $@
-
-%.png: %.fig
- @(which fig2dev > /dev/null 2>&1) || \
- (echo "*** You need to install transfig ***"; \
- exit 1)
- $(call cmd,fig2png)
-
-###
-# Rule to convert a .c file to inline XML documentation
- gen_xml = :
- quiet_gen_xml = echo ' GEN $@'
-silent_gen_xml = :
-%.xml: %.c
- @$($(quiet)gen_xml)
- @( \
- echo "<programlisting>"; \
- expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
- sed -e "s/&/\\&amp;/g" \
- -e "s/</\\&lt;/g" \
- -e "s/>/\\&gt;/g"; \
- echo "</programlisting>") > $@
-
-###
-# Help targets as used by the top-level makefile
-dochelp:
- @echo ' Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:'
- @echo ' htmldocs - HTML'
- @echo ' installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs'
- @echo ' mandocs - man pages'
- @echo ' pdfdocs - PDF'
- @echo ' psdocs - Postscript'
- @echo ' xmldocs - XML DocBook'
-
-###
-# Temporary files left by various tools
-clean-files := $(DOCBOOKS) \
- $(patsubst %.xml, %.dvi, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
- $(patsubst %.xml, %.aux, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
- $(patsubst %.xml, %.tex, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
- $(patsubst %.xml, %.log, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
- $(patsubst %.xml, %.out, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
- $(patsubst %.xml, %.ps, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
- $(patsubst %.xml, %.pdf, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
- $(patsubst %.xml, %.html, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
- $(patsubst %.xml, %.9, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
- $(C-procfs-example)
-
-clean-dirs := $(patsubst %.xml,%,$(DOCBOOKS)) man
-
-# Declare the contents of the .PHONY variable as phony. We keep that
-# information in a variable se we can use it in if_changed and friends.
-
-.PHONY: $(PHONY)
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/debugobjects.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/debugobjects.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f5f218015fe..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/debugobjects.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,391 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="debug-objects-guide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Debug objects life time</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
- <surname>Gleixner</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>tglx@linutronix.de</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2008</year>
- <holder>Thomas Gleixner</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- debugobjects is a generic infrastructure to track the life time
- of kernel objects and validate the operations on those.
- </para>
- <para>
- debugobjects is useful to check for the following error patterns:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Activation of uninitialized objects</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Initialization of active objects</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Usage of freed/destroyed objects</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- debugobjects is not changing the data structure of the real
- object so it can be compiled in with a minimal runtime impact
- and enabled on demand with a kernel command line option.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="howto">
- <title>Howto use debugobjects</title>
- <para>
- A kernel subsystem needs to provide a data structure which
- describes the object type and add calls into the debug code at
- appropriate places. The data structure to describe the object
- type needs at minimum the name of the object type. Optional
- functions can and should be provided to fixup detected problems
- so the kernel can continue to work and the debug information can
- be retrieved from a live system instead of hard core debugging
- with serial consoles and stack trace transcripts from the
- monitor.
- </para>
- <para>
- The debug calls provided by debugobjects are:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>debug_object_init</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>debug_object_init_on_stack</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>debug_object_activate</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>debug_object_deactivate</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>debug_object_destroy</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>debug_object_free</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- Each of these functions takes the address of the real object and
- a pointer to the object type specific debug description
- structure.
- </para>
- <para>
- Each detected error is reported in the statistics and a limited
- number of errors are printk'ed including a full stack trace.
- </para>
- <para>
- The statistics are available via debugfs/debug_objects/stats.
- They provide information about the number of warnings and the
- number of successful fixups along with information about the
- usage of the internal tracking objects and the state of the
- internal tracking objects pool.
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="debugfunctions">
- <title>Debug functions</title>
- <sect1 id="prototypes">
- <title>Debug object function reference</title>
-!Elib/debugobjects.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="debug_object_init">
- <title>debug_object_init</title>
- <para>
- This function is called whenever the initialization function
- of a real object is called.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the real object is already tracked by debugobjects it is
- checked, whether the object can be initialized. Initializing
- is not allowed for active and destroyed objects. When
- debugobjects detects an error, then it calls the fixup_init
- function of the object type description structure if provided
- by the caller. The fixup function can correct the problem
- before the real initialization of the object happens. E.g. it
- can deactivate an active object in order to prevent damage to
- the subsystem.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the real object is not yet tracked by debugobjects,
- debugobjects allocates a tracker object for the real object
- and sets the tracker object state to ODEBUG_STATE_INIT. It
- verifies that the object is not on the callers stack. If it is
- on the callers stack then a limited number of warnings
- including a full stack trace is printk'ed. The calling code
- must use debug_object_init_on_stack() and remove the object
- before leaving the function which allocated it. See next
- section.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="debug_object_init_on_stack">
- <title>debug_object_init_on_stack</title>
- <para>
- This function is called whenever the initialization function
- of a real object which resides on the stack is called.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the real object is already tracked by debugobjects it is
- checked, whether the object can be initialized. Initializing
- is not allowed for active and destroyed objects. When
- debugobjects detects an error, then it calls the fixup_init
- function of the object type description structure if provided
- by the caller. The fixup function can correct the problem
- before the real initialization of the object happens. E.g. it
- can deactivate an active object in order to prevent damage to
- the subsystem.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the real object is not yet tracked by debugobjects
- debugobjects allocates a tracker object for the real object
- and sets the tracker object state to ODEBUG_STATE_INIT. It
- verifies that the object is on the callers stack.
- </para>
- <para>
- An object which is on the stack must be removed from the
- tracker by calling debug_object_free() before the function
- which allocates the object returns. Otherwise we keep track of
- stale objects.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="debug_object_activate">
- <title>debug_object_activate</title>
- <para>
- This function is called whenever the activation function of a
- real object is called.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the real object is already tracked by debugobjects it is
- checked, whether the object can be activated. Activating is
- not allowed for active and destroyed objects. When
- debugobjects detects an error, then it calls the
- fixup_activate function of the object type description
- structure if provided by the caller. The fixup function can
- correct the problem before the real activation of the object
- happens. E.g. it can deactivate an active object in order to
- prevent damage to the subsystem.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the real object is not yet tracked by debugobjects then
- the fixup_activate function is called if available. This is
- necessary to allow the legitimate activation of statically
- allocated and initialized objects. The fixup function checks
- whether the object is valid and calls the debug_objects_init()
- function to initialize the tracking of this object.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the activation is legitimate, then the state of the
- associated tracker object is set to ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="debug_object_deactivate">
- <title>debug_object_deactivate</title>
- <para>
- This function is called whenever the deactivation function of
- a real object is called.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the real object is tracked by debugobjects it is checked,
- whether the object can be deactivated. Deactivating is not
- allowed for untracked or destroyed objects.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the deactivation is legitimate, then the state of the
- associated tracker object is set to ODEBUG_STATE_INACTIVE.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="debug_object_destroy">
- <title>debug_object_destroy</title>
- <para>
- This function is called to mark an object destroyed. This is
- useful to prevent the usage of invalid objects, which are
- still available in memory: either statically allocated objects
- or objects which are freed later.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the real object is tracked by debugobjects it is checked,
- whether the object can be destroyed. Destruction is not
- allowed for active and destroyed objects. When debugobjects
- detects an error, then it calls the fixup_destroy function of
- the object type description structure if provided by the
- caller. The fixup function can correct the problem before the
- real destruction of the object happens. E.g. it can deactivate
- an active object in order to prevent damage to the subsystem.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the destruction is legitimate, then the state of the
- associated tracker object is set to ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="debug_object_free">
- <title>debug_object_free</title>
- <para>
- This function is called before an object is freed.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the real object is tracked by debugobjects it is checked,
- whether the object can be freed. Free is not allowed for
- active objects. When debugobjects detects an error, then it
- calls the fixup_free function of the object type description
- structure if provided by the caller. The fixup function can
- correct the problem before the real free of the object
- happens. E.g. it can deactivate an active object in order to
- prevent damage to the subsystem.
- </para>
- <para>
- Note that debug_object_free removes the object from the
- tracker. Later usage of the object is detected by the other
- debug checks.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="fixupfunctions">
- <title>Fixup functions</title>
- <sect1 id="debug_obj_descr">
- <title>Debug object type description structure</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/debugobjects.h
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="fixup_init">
- <title>fixup_init</title>
- <para>
- This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem
- in debug_object_init is detected. The function takes the
- address of the object and the state which is currently
- recorded in the tracker.
- </para>
- <para>
- Called from debug_object_init when the object state is:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful,
- otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the
- statistics.
- </para>
- <para>
- Note, that the function needs to call the debug_object_init()
- function again, after the damage has been repaired in order to
- keep the state consistent.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="fixup_activate">
- <title>fixup_activate</title>
- <para>
- This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem
- in debug_object_activate is detected.
- </para>
- <para>
- Called from debug_object_activate when the object state is:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful,
- otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the
- statistics.
- </para>
- <para>
- Note that the function needs to call the debug_object_activate()
- function again after the damage has been repaired in order to
- keep the state consistent.
- </para>
- <para>
- The activation of statically initialized objects is a special
- case. When debug_object_activate() has no tracked object for
- this object address then fixup_activate() is called with
- object state ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE. The fixup function
- needs to check whether this is a legitimate case of a
- statically initialized object or not. In case it is it calls
- debug_object_init() and debug_object_activate() to make the
- object known to the tracker and marked active. In this case
- the function should return 0 because this is not a real fixup.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="fixup_destroy">
- <title>fixup_destroy</title>
- <para>
- This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem
- in debug_object_destroy is detected.
- </para>
- <para>
- Called from debug_object_destroy when the object state is:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful,
- otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the
- statistics.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="fixup_free">
- <title>fixup_free</title>
- <para>
- This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem
- in debug_object_free is detected. Further it can be called
- from the debug checks in kfree/vfree, when an active object is
- detected from the debug_check_no_obj_freed() sanity checks.
- </para>
- <para>
- Called from debug_object_free() or debug_check_no_obj_freed()
- when the object state is:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful,
- otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the
- statistics.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="bugs">
- <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
- <para>
- None (knock on wood).
- </para>
- </chapter>
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ee6f3cbb414..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,323 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="DoingIO">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Bus-Independent Device Accesses</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Matthew</firstname>
- <surname>Wilcox</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>matthew@wil.cx</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Alan</firstname>
- <surname>Cox</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>alan@redhat.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2001</year>
- <holder>Matthew Wilcox</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- Linux provides an API which abstracts performing IO across all busses
- and devices, allowing device drivers to be written independently of
- bus type.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="bugs">
- <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
- <para>
- None.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="mmio">
- <title>Memory Mapped IO</title>
- <sect1 id="getting_access_to_the_device">
- <title>Getting Access to the Device</title>
- <para>
- The most widely supported form of IO is memory mapped IO.
- That is, a part of the CPU's address space is interpreted
- not as accesses to memory, but as accesses to a device. Some
- architectures define devices to be at a fixed address, but most
- have some method of discovering devices. The PCI bus walk is a
- good example of such a scheme. This document does not cover how
- to receive such an address, but assumes you are starting with one.
- Physical addresses are of type unsigned long.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This address should not be used directly. Instead, to get an
- address suitable for passing to the accessor functions described
- below, you should call <function>ioremap</function>.
- An address suitable for accessing the device will be returned to you.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- After you've finished using the device (say, in your module's
- exit routine), call <function>iounmap</function> in order to return
- the address space to the kernel. Most architectures allocate new
- address space each time you call <function>ioremap</function>, and
- they can run out unless you call <function>iounmap</function>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="accessing_the_device">
- <title>Accessing the device</title>
- <para>
- The part of the interface most used by drivers is reading and
- writing memory-mapped registers on the device. Linux provides
- interfaces to read and write 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit
- quantities. Due to a historical accident, these are named byte,
- word, long and quad accesses. Both read and write accesses are
- supported; there is no prefetch support at this time.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The functions are named <function>readb</function>,
- <function>readw</function>, <function>readl</function>,
- <function>readq</function>, <function>readb_relaxed</function>,
- <function>readw_relaxed</function>, <function>readl_relaxed</function>,
- <function>readq_relaxed</function>, <function>writeb</function>,
- <function>writew</function>, <function>writel</function> and
- <function>writeq</function>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Some devices (such as framebuffers) would like to use larger
- transfers than 8 bytes at a time. For these devices, the
- <function>memcpy_toio</function>, <function>memcpy_fromio</function>
- and <function>memset_io</function> functions are provided.
- Do not use memset or memcpy on IO addresses; they
- are not guaranteed to copy data in order.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The read and write functions are defined to be ordered. That is the
- compiler is not permitted to reorder the I/O sequence. When the
- ordering can be compiler optimised, you can use <function>
- __readb</function> and friends to indicate the relaxed ordering. Use
- this with care.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- While the basic functions are defined to be synchronous with respect
- to each other and ordered with respect to each other the busses the
- devices sit on may themselves have asynchronicity. In particular many
- authors are burned by the fact that PCI bus writes are posted
- asynchronously. A driver author must issue a read from the same
- device to ensure that writes have occurred in the specific cases the
- author cares. This kind of property cannot be hidden from driver
- writers in the API. In some cases, the read used to flush the device
- may be expected to fail (if the card is resetting, for example). In
- that case, the read should be done from config space, which is
- guaranteed to soft-fail if the card doesn't respond.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The following is an example of flushing a write to a device when
- the driver would like to ensure the write's effects are visible prior
- to continuing execution.
- </para>
-
-<programlisting>
-static inline void
-qla1280_disable_intrs(struct scsi_qla_host *ha)
-{
- struct device_reg *reg;
-
- reg = ha->iobase;
- /* disable risc and host interrupts */
- WRT_REG_WORD(&amp;reg->ictrl, 0);
- /*
- * The following read will ensure that the above write
- * has been received by the device before we return from this
- * function.
- */
- RD_REG_WORD(&amp;reg->ictrl);
- ha->flags.ints_enabled = 0;
-}
-</programlisting>
-
- <para>
- In addition to write posting, on some large multiprocessing systems
- (e.g. SGI Challenge, Origin and Altix machines) posted writes won't
- be strongly ordered coming from different CPUs. Thus it's important
- to properly protect parts of your driver that do memory-mapped writes
- with locks and use the <function>mmiowb</function> to make sure they
- arrive in the order intended. Issuing a regular <function>readX
- </function> will also ensure write ordering, but should only be used
- when the driver has to be sure that the write has actually arrived
- at the device (not that it's simply ordered with respect to other
- writes), since a full <function>readX</function> is a relatively
- expensive operation.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Generally, one should use <function>mmiowb</function> prior to
- releasing a spinlock that protects regions using <function>writeb
- </function> or similar functions that aren't surrounded by <function>
- readb</function> calls, which will ensure ordering and flushing. The
- following pseudocode illustrates what might occur if write ordering
- isn't guaranteed via <function>mmiowb</function> or one of the
- <function>readX</function> functions.
- </para>
-
-<programlisting>
-CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
-CPU A: ...
-CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
-CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
- ...
-CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
-CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
-CPU B: ...
-CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
-</programlisting>
-
- <para>
- In the case above, newval2 could be written to ring_ptr before
- newval. Fixing it is easy though:
- </para>
-
-<programlisting>
-CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
-CPU A: ...
-CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
-CPU A: mmiowb(); /* ensure no other writes beat us to the device */
-CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
- ...
-CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
-CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
-CPU B: ...
-CPU B: mmiowb();
-CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
-</programlisting>
-
- <para>
- See tg3.c for a real world example of how to use <function>mmiowb
- </function>
- </para>
-
- <para>
- PCI ordering rules also guarantee that PIO read responses arrive
- after any outstanding DMA writes from that bus, since for some devices
- the result of a <function>readb</function> call may signal to the
- driver that a DMA transaction is complete. In many cases, however,
- the driver may want to indicate that the next
- <function>readb</function> call has no relation to any previous DMA
- writes performed by the device. The driver can use
- <function>readb_relaxed</function> for these cases, although only
- some platforms will honor the relaxed semantics. Using the relaxed
- read functions will provide significant performance benefits on
- platforms that support it. The qla2xxx driver provides examples
- of how to use <function>readX_relaxed</function>. In many cases,
- a majority of the driver's <function>readX</function> calls can
- safely be converted to <function>readX_relaxed</function> calls, since
- only a few will indicate or depend on DMA completion.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="port_space_accesses">
- <title>Port Space Accesses</title>
- <sect1 id="port_space_explained">
- <title>Port Space Explained</title>
-
- <para>
- Another form of IO commonly supported is Port Space. This is a
- range of addresses separate to the normal memory address space.
- Access to these addresses is generally not as fast as accesses
- to the memory mapped addresses, and it also has a potentially
- smaller address space.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Unlike memory mapped IO, no preparation is required
- to access port space.
- </para>
-
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="accessing_port_space">
- <title>Accessing Port Space</title>
- <para>
- Accesses to this space are provided through a set of functions
- which allow 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit accesses; also
- known as byte, word and long. These functions are
- <function>inb</function>, <function>inw</function>,
- <function>inl</function>, <function>outb</function>,
- <function>outw</function> and <function>outl</function>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Some variants are provided for these functions. Some devices
- require that accesses to their ports are slowed down. This
- functionality is provided by appending a <function>_p</function>
- to the end of the function. There are also equivalents to memcpy.
- The <function>ins</function> and <function>outs</function>
- functions copy bytes, words or longs to the given port.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="pubfunctions">
- <title>Public Functions Provided</title>
-!Iinclude/asm-x86/io_32.h
-!Elib/iomap.c
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/filesystems.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/filesystems.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e87ad58c0b5..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/filesystems.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,421 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="Linux-filesystems-API">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Linux Filesystems API</title>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="vfs">
- <title>The Linux VFS</title>
- <sect1 id="the_filesystem_types"><title>The Filesystem types</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/fs.h
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="the_directory_cache"><title>The Directory Cache</title>
-!Efs/dcache.c
-!Iinclude/linux/dcache.h
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="inode_handling"><title>Inode Handling</title>
-!Efs/inode.c
-!Efs/bad_inode.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="registration_and_superblocks"><title>Registration and Superblocks</title>
-!Efs/super.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="file_locks"><title>File Locks</title>
-!Efs/locks.c
-!Ifs/locks.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="other_functions"><title>Other Functions</title>
-!Efs/mpage.c
-!Efs/namei.c
-!Efs/buffer.c
-!Efs/bio.c
-!Efs/seq_file.c
-!Efs/filesystems.c
-!Efs/fs-writeback.c
-!Efs/block_dev.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="proc">
- <title>The proc filesystem</title>
-
- <sect1 id="sysctl_interface"><title>sysctl interface</title>
-!Ekernel/sysctl.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="proc_filesystem_interface"><title>proc filesystem interface</title>
-!Ifs/proc/base.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="sysfs">
- <title>The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects</title>
-!Efs/sysfs/file.c
-!Efs/sysfs/symlink.c
-!Efs/sysfs/bin.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="debugfs">
- <title>The debugfs filesystem</title>
-
- <sect1 id="debugfs_interface"><title>debugfs interface</title>
-!Efs/debugfs/inode.c
-!Efs/debugfs/file.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="LinuxJDBAPI">
- <chapterinfo>
- <title>The Linux Journalling API</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Roger</firstname>
- <surname>Gammans</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>rgammans@computer-surgery.co.uk</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Stephen</firstname>
- <surname>Tweedie</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>sct@redhat.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2002</year>
- <holder>Roger Gammans</holder>
- </copyright>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>The Linux Journalling API</title>
-
- <sect1 id="journaling_overview">
- <title>Overview</title>
- <sect2 id="journaling_details">
- <title>Details</title>
-<para>
-The journalling layer is easy to use. You need to
-first of all create a journal_t data structure. There are
-two calls to do this dependent on how you decide to allocate the physical
-media on which the journal resides. The journal_init_inode() call
-is for journals stored in filesystem inodes, or the journal_init_dev()
-call can be use for journal stored on a raw device (in a continuous range
-of blocks). A journal_t is a typedef for a struct pointer, so when
-you are finally finished make sure you call journal_destroy() on it
-to free up any used kernel memory.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Once you have got your journal_t object you need to 'mount' or load the journal
-file, unless of course you haven't initialised it yet - in which case you
-need to call journal_create().
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Most of the time however your journal file will already have been created, but
-before you load it you must call journal_wipe() to empty the journal file.
-Hang on, you say , what if the filesystem wasn't cleanly umount()'d . Well, it is the
-job of the client file system to detect this and skip the call to journal_wipe().
-</para>
-
-<para>
-In either case the next call should be to journal_load() which prepares the
-journal file for use. Note that journal_wipe(..,0) calls journal_skip_recovery()
-for you if it detects any outstanding transactions in the journal and similarly
-journal_load() will call journal_recover() if necessary.
-I would advise reading fs/ext3/super.c for examples on this stage.
-[RGG: Why is the journal_wipe() call necessary - doesn't this needlessly
-complicate the API. Or isn't a good idea for the journal layer to hide
-dirty mounts from the client fs]
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Now you can go ahead and start modifying the underlying
-filesystem. Almost.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-
-You still need to actually journal your filesystem changes, this
-is done by wrapping them into transactions. Additionally you
-also need to wrap the modification of each of the buffers
-with calls to the journal layer, so it knows what the modifications
-you are actually making are. To do this use journal_start() which
-returns a transaction handle.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-journal_start()
-and its counterpart journal_stop(), which indicates the end of a transaction
-are nestable calls, so you can reenter a transaction if necessary,
-but remember you must call journal_stop() the same number of times as
-journal_start() before the transaction is completed (or more accurately
-leaves the update phase). Ext3/VFS makes use of this feature to simplify
-quota support.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Inside each transaction you need to wrap the modifications to the
-individual buffers (blocks). Before you start to modify a buffer you
-need to call journal_get_{create,write,undo}_access() as appropriate,
-this allows the journalling layer to copy the unmodified data if it
-needs to. After all the buffer may be part of a previously uncommitted
-transaction.
-At this point you are at last ready to modify a buffer, and once
-you are have done so you need to call journal_dirty_{meta,}data().
-Or if you've asked for access to a buffer you now know is now longer
-required to be pushed back on the device you can call journal_forget()
-in much the same way as you might have used bforget() in the past.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-A journal_flush() may be called at any time to commit and checkpoint
-all your transactions.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Then at umount time , in your put_super() (2.4) or write_super() (2.5)
-you can then call journal_destroy() to clean up your in-core journal object.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Unfortunately there a couple of ways the journal layer can cause a deadlock.
-The first thing to note is that each task can only have
-a single outstanding transaction at any one time, remember nothing
-commits until the outermost journal_stop(). This means
-you must complete the transaction at the end of each file/inode/address
-etc. operation you perform, so that the journalling system isn't re-entered
-on another journal. Since transactions can't be nested/batched
-across differing journals, and another filesystem other than
-yours (say ext3) may be modified in a later syscall.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The second case to bear in mind is that journal_start() can
-block if there isn't enough space in the journal for your transaction
-(based on the passed nblocks param) - when it blocks it merely(!) needs to
-wait for transactions to complete and be committed from other tasks,
-so essentially we are waiting for journal_stop(). So to avoid
-deadlocks you must treat journal_start/stop() as if they
-were semaphores and include them in your semaphore ordering rules to prevent
-deadlocks. Note that journal_extend() has similar blocking behaviour to
-journal_start() so you can deadlock here just as easily as on journal_start().
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Try to reserve the right number of blocks the first time. ;-). This will
-be the maximum number of blocks you are going to touch in this transaction.
-I advise having a look at at least ext3_jbd.h to see the basis on which
-ext3 uses to make these decisions.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Another wriggle to watch out for is your on-disk block allocation strategy.
-why? Because, if you undo a delete, you need to ensure you haven't reused any
-of the freed blocks in a later transaction. One simple way of doing this
-is make sure any blocks you allocate only have checkpointed transactions
-listed against them. Ext3 does this in ext3_test_allocatable().
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Lock is also providing through journal_{un,}lock_updates(),
-ext3 uses this when it wants a window with a clean and stable fs for a moment.
-eg.
-</para>
-
-<programlisting>
-
- journal_lock_updates() //stop new stuff happening..
- journal_flush() // checkpoint everything.
- ..do stuff on stable fs
- journal_unlock_updates() // carry on with filesystem use.
-</programlisting>
-
-<para>
-The opportunities for abuse and DOS attacks with this should be obvious,
-if you allow unprivileged userspace to trigger codepaths containing these
-calls.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-A new feature of jbd since 2.5.25 is commit callbacks with the new
-journal_callback_set() function you can now ask the journalling layer
-to call you back when the transaction is finally committed to disk, so that
-you can do some of your own management. The key to this is the journal_callback
-struct, this maintains the internal callback information but you can
-extend it like this:-
-</para>
-<programlisting>
- struct myfs_callback_s {
- //Data structure element required by jbd..
- struct journal_callback for_jbd;
- // Stuff for myfs allocated together.
- myfs_inode* i_commited;
-
- }
-</programlisting>
-
-<para>
-this would be useful if you needed to know when data was committed to a
-particular inode.
-</para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="jbd_summary">
- <title>Summary</title>
-<para>
-Using the journal is a matter of wrapping the different context changes,
-being each mount, each modification (transaction) and each changed buffer
-to tell the journalling layer about them.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Here is a some pseudo code to give you an idea of how it works, as
-an example.
-</para>
-
-<programlisting>
- journal_t* my_jnrl = journal_create();
- journal_init_{dev,inode}(jnrl,...)
- if (clean) journal_wipe();
- journal_load();
-
- foreach(transaction) { /*transactions must be
- completed before
- a syscall returns to
- userspace*/
-
- handle_t * xct=journal_start(my_jnrl);
- foreach(bh) {
- journal_get_{create,write,undo}_access(xact,bh);
- if ( myfs_modify(bh) ) { /* returns true
- if makes changes */
- journal_dirty_{meta,}data(xact,bh);
- } else {
- journal_forget(bh);
- }
- }
- journal_stop(xct);
- }
- journal_destroy(my_jrnl);
-</programlisting>
- </sect2>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="data_types">
- <title>Data Types</title>
- <para>
- The journalling layer uses typedefs to 'hide' the concrete definitions
- of the structures used. As a client of the JBD layer you can
- just rely on the using the pointer as a magic cookie of some sort.
-
- Obviously the hiding is not enforced as this is 'C'.
- </para>
- <sect2 id="structures"><title>Structures</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/jbd.h
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="functions">
- <title>Functions</title>
- <para>
- The functions here are split into two groups those that
- affect a journal as a whole, and those which are used to
- manage transactions
- </para>
- <sect2 id="journal_level"><title>Journal Level</title>
-!Efs/jbd/journal.c
-!Ifs/jbd/recovery.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="transaction_level"><title>Transasction Level</title>
-!Efs/jbd/transaction.c
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="see_also">
- <title>See also</title>
- <para>
- <citation>
- <ulink url="ftp://ftp.uk.linux.org/pub/linux/sct/fs/jfs/journal-design.ps.gz">
- Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem, LinuxExpo 98, Stephen Tweedie
- </ulink>
- </citation>
- </para>
- <para>
- <citation>
- <ulink url="http://olstrans.sourceforge.net/release/OLS2000-ext3/OLS2000-ext3.html">
- Ext3 Journalling FileSystem, OLS 2000, Dr. Stephen Tweedie
- </ulink>
- </citation>
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="splice">
- <title>splice API</title>
- <para>
- splice is a method for moving blocks of data around inside the
- kernel, without continually transferring them between the kernel
- and user space.
- </para>
-!Ffs/splice.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="pipes">
- <title>pipes API</title>
- <para>
- Pipe interfaces are all for in-kernel (builtin image) use.
- They are not exported for use by modules.
- </para>
-!Iinclude/linux/pipe_fs_i.h
-!Ffs/pipe.c
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index ea3bc9565e6a..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,790 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="USB-Gadget-API">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>USB Gadget API for Linux</title>
- <date>20 August 2004</date>
- <edition>20 August 2004</edition>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- <copyright>
- <year>2003-2004</year>
- <holder>David Brownell</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <author>
- <firstname>David</firstname>
- <surname>Brownell</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
-<chapter id="intro"><title>Introduction</title>
-
-<para>This document presents a Linux-USB "Gadget"
-kernel mode
-API, for use within peripherals and other USB devices
-that embed Linux.
-It provides an overview of the API structure,
-and shows how that fits into a system development project.
-This is the first such API released on Linux to address
-a number of important problems, including: </para>
-
-<itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Supports USB 2.0, for high speed devices which
- can stream data at several dozen megabytes per second.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Handles devices with dozens of endpoints just as
- well as ones with just two fixed-function ones. Gadget drivers
- can be written so they're easy to port to new hardware.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Flexible enough to expose more complex USB device
- capabilities such as multiple configurations, multiple interfaces,
- composite devices,
- and alternate interface settings.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>USB "On-The-Go" (OTG) support, in conjunction
- with updates to the Linux-USB host side.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Sharing data structures and API models with the
- Linux-USB host side API. This helps the OTG support, and
- looks forward to more-symmetric frameworks (where the same
- I/O model is used by both host and device side drivers).
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Minimalist, so it's easier to support new device
- controller hardware. I/O processing doesn't imply large
- demands for memory or CPU resources.
- </para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-
-
-<para>Most Linux developers will not be able to use this API, since they
-have USB "host" hardware in a PC, workstation, or server.
-Linux users with embedded systems are more likely to
-have USB peripheral hardware.
-To distinguish drivers running inside such hardware from the
-more familiar Linux "USB device drivers",
-which are host side proxies for the real USB devices,
-a different term is used:
-the drivers inside the peripherals are "USB gadget drivers".
-In USB protocol interactions, the device driver is the master
-(or "client driver")
-and the gadget driver is the slave (or "function driver").
-</para>
-
-<para>The gadget API resembles the host side Linux-USB API in that both
-use queues of request objects to package I/O buffers, and those requests
-may be submitted or canceled.
-They share common definitions for the standard USB
-<emphasis>Chapter 9</emphasis> messages, structures, and constants.
-Also, both APIs bind and unbind drivers to devices.
-The APIs differ in detail, since the host side's current
-URB framework exposes a number of implementation details
-and assumptions that are inappropriate for a gadget API.
-While the model for control transfers and configuration
-management is necessarily different (one side is a hardware-neutral master,
-the other is a hardware-aware slave), the endpoint I/0 API used here
-should also be usable for an overhead-reduced host side API.
-</para>
-
-</chapter>
-
-<chapter id="structure"><title>Structure of Gadget Drivers</title>
-
-<para>A system running inside a USB peripheral
-normally has at least three layers inside the kernel to handle
-USB protocol processing, and may have additional layers in
-user space code.
-The "gadget" API is used by the middle layer to interact
-with the lowest level (which directly handles hardware).
-</para>
-
-<para>In Linux, from the bottom up, these layers are:
-</para>
-
-<variablelist>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><emphasis>USB Controller Driver</emphasis></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>This is the lowest software level.
- It is the only layer that talks to hardware,
- through registers, fifos, dma, irqs, and the like.
- The <filename>&lt;linux/usb/gadget.h&gt;</filename> API abstracts
- the peripheral controller endpoint hardware.
- That hardware is exposed through endpoint objects, which accept
- streams of IN/OUT buffers, and through callbacks that interact
- with gadget drivers.
- Since normal USB devices only have one upstream
- port, they only have one of these drivers.
- The controller driver can support any number of different
- gadget drivers, but only one of them can be used at a time.
- </para>
-
- <para>Examples of such controller hardware include
- the PCI-based NetChip 2280 USB 2.0 high speed controller,
- the SA-11x0 or PXA-25x UDC (found within many PDAs),
- and a variety of other products.
- </para>
-
- </listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><emphasis>Gadget Driver</emphasis></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>The lower boundary of this driver implements hardware-neutral
- USB functions, using calls to the controller driver.
- Because such hardware varies widely in capabilities and restrictions,
- and is used in embedded environments where space is at a premium,
- the gadget driver is often configured at compile time
- to work with endpoints supported by one particular controller.
- Gadget drivers may be portable to several different controllers,
- using conditional compilation.
- (Recent kernels substantially simplify the work involved in
- supporting new hardware, by <emphasis>autoconfiguring</emphasis>
- endpoints automatically for many bulk-oriented drivers.)
- Gadget driver responsibilities include:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>handling setup requests (ep0 protocol responses)
- possibly including class-specific functionality
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>returning configuration and string descriptors
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>(re)setting configurations and interface
- altsettings, including enabling and configuring endpoints
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>handling life cycle events, such as managing
- bindings to hardware,
- USB suspend/resume, remote wakeup,
- and disconnection from the USB host.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>managing IN and OUT transfers on all currently
- enabled endpoints
- </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- Such drivers may be modules of proprietary code, although
- that approach is discouraged in the Linux community.
- </para>
- </listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><emphasis>Upper Level</emphasis></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Most gadget drivers have an upper boundary that connects
- to some Linux driver or framework in Linux.
- Through that boundary flows the data which the gadget driver
- produces and/or consumes through protocol transfers over USB.
- Examples include:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>user mode code, using generic (gadgetfs)
- or application specific files in
- <filename>/dev</filename>
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>networking subsystem (for network gadgets,
- like the CDC Ethernet Model gadget driver)
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>data capture drivers, perhaps video4Linux or
- a scanner driver; or test and measurement hardware.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>input subsystem (for HID gadgets)
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>sound subsystem (for audio gadgets)
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>file system (for PTP gadgets)
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>block i/o subsystem (for usb-storage gadgets)
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>... and more </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><emphasis>Additional Layers</emphasis></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Other layers may exist.
- These could include kernel layers, such as network protocol stacks,
- as well as user mode applications building on standard POSIX
- system call APIs such as
- <emphasis>open()</emphasis>, <emphasis>close()</emphasis>,
- <emphasis>read()</emphasis> and <emphasis>write()</emphasis>.
- On newer systems, POSIX Async I/O calls may be an option.
- Such user mode code will not necessarily be subject to
- the GNU General Public License (GPL).
- </para>
- </listitem></varlistentry>
-
-
-</variablelist>
-
-<para>OTG-capable systems will also need to include a standard Linux-USB
-host side stack,
-with <emphasis>usbcore</emphasis>,
-one or more <emphasis>Host Controller Drivers</emphasis> (HCDs),
-<emphasis>USB Device Drivers</emphasis> to support
-the OTG "Targeted Peripheral List",
-and so forth.
-There will also be an <emphasis>OTG Controller Driver</emphasis>,
-which is visible to gadget and device driver developers only indirectly.
-That helps the host and device side USB controllers implement the
-two new OTG protocols (HNP and SRP).
-Roles switch (host to peripheral, or vice versa) using HNP
-during USB suspend processing, and SRP can be viewed as a
-more battery-friendly kind of device wakeup protocol.
-</para>
-
-<para>Over time, reusable utilities are evolving to help make some
-gadget driver tasks simpler.
-For example, building configuration descriptors from vectors of
-descriptors for the configurations interfaces and endpoints is
-now automated, and many drivers now use autoconfiguration to
-choose hardware endpoints and initialize their descriptors.
-
-A potential example of particular interest
-is code implementing standard USB-IF protocols for
-HID, networking, storage, or audio classes.
-Some developers are interested in KDB or KGDB hooks, to let
-target hardware be remotely debugged.
-Most such USB protocol code doesn't need to be hardware-specific,
-any more than network protocols like X11, HTTP, or NFS are.
-Such gadget-side interface drivers should eventually be combined,
-to implement composite devices.
-</para>
-
-</chapter>
-
-
-<chapter id="api"><title>Kernel Mode Gadget API</title>
-
-<para>Gadget drivers declare themselves through a
-<emphasis>struct usb_gadget_driver</emphasis>, which is responsible for
-most parts of enumeration for a <emphasis>struct usb_gadget</emphasis>.
-The response to a set_configuration usually involves
-enabling one or more of the <emphasis>struct usb_ep</emphasis> objects
-exposed by the gadget, and submitting one or more
-<emphasis>struct usb_request</emphasis> buffers to transfer data.
-Understand those four data types, and their operations, and
-you will understand how this API works.
-</para>
-
-<note><title>Incomplete Data Type Descriptions</title>
-
-<para>This documentation was prepared using the standard Linux
-kernel <filename>docproc</filename> tool, which turns text
-and in-code comments into SGML DocBook and then into usable
-formats such as HTML or PDF.
-Other than the "Chapter 9" data types, most of the significant
-data types and functions are described here.
-</para>
-
-<para>However, docproc does not understand all the C constructs
-that are used, so some relevant information is likely omitted from
-what you are reading.
-One example of such information is endpoint autoconfiguration.
-You'll have to read the header file, and use example source
-code (such as that for "Gadget Zero"), to fully understand the API.
-</para>
-
-<para>The part of the API implementing some basic
-driver capabilities is specific to the version of the
-Linux kernel that's in use.
-The 2.6 kernel includes a <emphasis>driver model</emphasis>
-framework that has no analogue on earlier kernels;
-so those parts of the gadget API are not fully portable.
-(They are implemented on 2.4 kernels, but in a different way.)
-The driver model state is another part of this API that is
-ignored by the kerneldoc tools.
-</para>
-</note>
-
-<para>The core API does not expose
-every possible hardware feature, only the most widely available ones.
-There are significant hardware features, such as device-to-device DMA
-(without temporary storage in a memory buffer)
-that would be added using hardware-specific APIs.
-</para>
-
-<para>This API allows drivers to use conditional compilation to handle
-endpoint capabilities of different hardware, but doesn't require that.
-Hardware tends to have arbitrary restrictions, relating to
-transfer types, addressing, packet sizes, buffering, and availability.
-As a rule, such differences only matter for "endpoint zero" logic
-that handles device configuration and management.
-The API supports limited run-time
-detection of capabilities, through naming conventions for endpoints.
-Many drivers will be able to at least partially autoconfigure
-themselves.
-In particular, driver init sections will often have endpoint
-autoconfiguration logic that scans the hardware's list of endpoints
-to find ones matching the driver requirements
-(relying on those conventions), to eliminate some of the most
-common reasons for conditional compilation.
-</para>
-
-<para>Like the Linux-USB host side API, this API exposes
-the "chunky" nature of USB messages: I/O requests are in terms
-of one or more "packets", and packet boundaries are visible to drivers.
-Compared to RS-232 serial protocols, USB resembles
-synchronous protocols like HDLC
-(N bytes per frame, multipoint addressing, host as the primary
-station and devices as secondary stations)
-more than asynchronous ones
-(tty style: 8 data bits per frame, no parity, one stop bit).
-So for example the controller drivers won't buffer
-two single byte writes into a single two-byte USB IN packet,
-although gadget drivers may do so when they implement
-protocols where packet boundaries (and "short packets")
-are not significant.
-</para>
-
-<sect1 id="lifecycle"><title>Driver Life Cycle</title>
-
-<para>Gadget drivers make endpoint I/O requests to hardware without
-needing to know many details of the hardware, but driver
-setup/configuration code needs to handle some differences.
-Use the API like this:
-</para>
-
-<orderedlist numeration='arabic'>
-
-<listitem><para>Register a driver for the particular device side
-usb controller hardware,
-such as the net2280 on PCI (USB 2.0),
-sa11x0 or pxa25x as found in Linux PDAs,
-and so on.
-At this point the device is logically in the USB ch9 initial state
-("attached"), drawing no power and not usable
-(since it does not yet support enumeration).
-Any host should not see the device, since it's not
-activated the data line pullup used by the host to
-detect a device, even if VBUS power is available.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>Register a gadget driver that implements some higher level
-device function. That will then bind() to a usb_gadget, which
-activates the data line pullup sometime after detecting VBUS.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>The hardware driver can now start enumerating.
-The steps it handles are to accept USB power and set_address requests.
-Other steps are handled by the gadget driver.
-If the gadget driver module is unloaded before the host starts to
-enumerate, steps before step 7 are skipped.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>The gadget driver's setup() call returns usb descriptors,
-based both on what the bus interface hardware provides and on the
-functionality being implemented.
-That can involve alternate settings or configurations,
-unless the hardware prevents such operation.
-For OTG devices, each configuration descriptor includes
-an OTG descriptor.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>The gadget driver handles the last step of enumeration,
-when the USB host issues a set_configuration call.
-It enables all endpoints used in that configuration,
-with all interfaces in their default settings.
-That involves using a list of the hardware's endpoints, enabling each
-endpoint according to its descriptor.
-It may also involve using <function>usb_gadget_vbus_draw</function>
-to let more power be drawn from VBUS, as allowed by that configuration.
-For OTG devices, setting a configuration may also involve reporting
-HNP capabilities through a user interface.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>Do real work and perform data transfers, possibly involving
-changes to interface settings or switching to new configurations, until the
-device is disconnect()ed from the host.
-Queue any number of transfer requests to each endpoint.
-It may be suspended and resumed several times before being disconnected.
-On disconnect, the drivers go back to step 3 (above).
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>When the gadget driver module is being unloaded,
-the driver unbind() callback is issued. That lets the controller
-driver be unloaded.
-</para></listitem>
-
-</orderedlist>
-
-<para>Drivers will normally be arranged so that just loading the
-gadget driver module (or statically linking it into a Linux kernel)
-allows the peripheral device to be enumerated, but some drivers
-will defer enumeration until some higher level component (like
-a user mode daemon) enables it.
-Note that at this lowest level there are no policies about how
-ep0 configuration logic is implemented,
-except that it should obey USB specifications.
-Such issues are in the domain of gadget drivers,
-including knowing about implementation constraints
-imposed by some USB controllers
-or understanding that composite devices might happen to
-be built by integrating reusable components.
-</para>
-
-<para>Note that the lifecycle above can be slightly different
-for OTG devices.
-Other than providing an additional OTG descriptor in each
-configuration, only the HNP-related differences are particularly
-visible to driver code.
-They involve reporting requirements during the SET_CONFIGURATION
-request, and the option to invoke HNP during some suspend callbacks.
-Also, SRP changes the semantics of
-<function>usb_gadget_wakeup</function>
-slightly.
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="ch9"><title>USB 2.0 Chapter 9 Types and Constants</title>
-
-<para>Gadget drivers
-rely on common USB structures and constants
-defined in the
-<filename>&lt;linux/usb/ch9.h&gt;</filename>
-header file, which is standard in Linux 2.6 kernels.
-These are the same types and constants used by host
-side drivers (and usbcore).
-</para>
-
-!Iinclude/linux/usb/ch9.h
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="core"><title>Core Objects and Methods</title>
-
-<para>These are declared in
-<filename>&lt;linux/usb/gadget.h&gt;</filename>,
-and are used by gadget drivers to interact with
-USB peripheral controller drivers.
-</para>
-
- <!-- yeech, this is ugly in nsgmls PDF output.
-
- the PDF bookmark and refentry output nesting is wrong,
- and the member/argument documentation indents ugly.
-
- plus something (docproc?) adds whitespace before the
- descriptive paragraph text, so it can't line up right
- unless the explanations are trivial.
- -->
-
-!Iinclude/linux/usb/gadget.h
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="utils"><title>Optional Utilities</title>
-
-<para>The core API is sufficient for writing a USB Gadget Driver,
-but some optional utilities are provided to simplify common tasks.
-These utilities include endpoint autoconfiguration.
-</para>
-
-!Edrivers/usb/gadget/usbstring.c
-!Edrivers/usb/gadget/config.c
-<!-- !Edrivers/usb/gadget/epautoconf.c -->
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="composite"><title>Composite Device Framework</title>
-
-<para>The core API is sufficient for writing drivers for composite
-USB devices (with more than one function in a given configuration),
-and also multi-configuration devices (also more than one function,
-but not necessarily sharing a given configuration).
-There is however an optional framework which makes it easier to
-reuse and combine functions.
-</para>
-
-<para>Devices using this framework provide a <emphasis>struct
-usb_composite_driver</emphasis>, which in turn provides one or
-more <emphasis>struct usb_configuration</emphasis> instances.
-Each such configuration includes at least one
-<emphasis>struct usb_function</emphasis>, which packages a user
-visible role such as "network link" or "mass storage device".
-Management functions may also exist, such as "Device Firmware
-Upgrade".
-</para>
-
-!Iinclude/linux/usb/composite.h
-!Edrivers/usb/gadget/composite.c
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="functions"><title>Composite Device Functions</title>
-
-<para>At this writing, a few of the current gadget drivers have
-been converted to this framework.
-Near-term plans include converting all of them, except for "gadgetfs".
-</para>
-
-!Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c
-!Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_serial.c
-
-</sect1>
-
-
-</chapter>
-
-<chapter id="controllers"><title>Peripheral Controller Drivers</title>
-
-<para>The first hardware supporting this API was the NetChip 2280
-controller, which supports USB 2.0 high speed and is based on PCI.
-This is the <filename>net2280</filename> driver module.
-The driver supports Linux kernel versions 2.4 and 2.6;
-contact NetChip Technologies for development boards and product
-information.
-</para>
-
-<para>Other hardware working in the "gadget" framework includes:
-Intel's PXA 25x and IXP42x series processors
-(<filename>pxa2xx_udc</filename>),
-Toshiba TC86c001 "Goku-S" (<filename>goku_udc</filename>),
-Renesas SH7705/7727 (<filename>sh_udc</filename>),
-MediaQ 11xx (<filename>mq11xx_udc</filename>),
-Hynix HMS30C7202 (<filename>h7202_udc</filename>),
-National 9303/4 (<filename>n9604_udc</filename>),
-Texas Instruments OMAP (<filename>omap_udc</filename>),
-Sharp LH7A40x (<filename>lh7a40x_udc</filename>),
-and more.
-Most of those are full speed controllers.
-</para>
-
-<para>At this writing, there are people at work on drivers in
-this framework for several other USB device controllers,
-with plans to make many of them be widely available.
-</para>
-
-<!-- !Edrivers/usb/gadget/net2280.c -->
-
-<para>A partial USB simulator,
-the <filename>dummy_hcd</filename> driver, is available.
-It can act like a net2280, a pxa25x, or an sa11x0 in terms
-of available endpoints and device speeds; and it simulates
-control, bulk, and to some extent interrupt transfers.
-That lets you develop some parts of a gadget driver on a normal PC,
-without any special hardware, and perhaps with the assistance
-of tools such as GDB running with User Mode Linux.
-At least one person has expressed interest in adapting that
-approach, hooking it up to a simulator for a microcontroller.
-Such simulators can help debug subsystems where the runtime hardware
-is unfriendly to software development, or is not yet available.
-</para>
-
-<para>Support for other controllers is expected to be developed
-and contributed
-over time, as this driver framework evolves.
-</para>
-
-</chapter>
-
-<chapter id="gadget"><title>Gadget Drivers</title>
-
-<para>In addition to <emphasis>Gadget Zero</emphasis>
-(used primarily for testing and development with drivers
-for usb controller hardware), other gadget drivers exist.
-</para>
-
-<para>There's an <emphasis>ethernet</emphasis> gadget
-driver, which implements one of the most useful
-<emphasis>Communications Device Class</emphasis> (CDC) models.
-One of the standards for cable modem interoperability even
-specifies the use of this ethernet model as one of two
-mandatory options.
-Gadgets using this code look to a USB host as if they're
-an Ethernet adapter.
-It provides access to a network where the gadget's CPU is one host,
-which could easily be bridging, routing, or firewalling
-access to other networks.
-Since some hardware can't fully implement the CDC Ethernet
-requirements, this driver also implements a "good parts only"
-subset of CDC Ethernet.
-(That subset doesn't advertise itself as CDC Ethernet,
-to avoid creating problems.)
-</para>
-
-<para>Support for Microsoft's <emphasis>RNDIS</emphasis>
-protocol has been contributed by Pengutronix and Auerswald GmbH.
-This is like CDC Ethernet, but it runs on more slightly USB hardware
-(but less than the CDC subset).
-However, its main claim to fame is being able to connect directly to
-recent versions of Windows, using drivers that Microsoft bundles
-and supports, making it much simpler to network with Windows.
-</para>
-
-<para>There is also support for user mode gadget drivers,
-using <emphasis>gadgetfs</emphasis>.
-This provides a <emphasis>User Mode API</emphasis> that presents
-each endpoint as a single file descriptor. I/O is done using
-normal <emphasis>read()</emphasis> and <emphasis>read()</emphasis> calls.
-Familiar tools like GDB and pthreads can be used to
-develop and debug user mode drivers, so that once a robust
-controller driver is available many applications for it
-won't require new kernel mode software.
-Linux 2.6 <emphasis>Async I/O (AIO)</emphasis>
-support is available, so that user mode software
-can stream data with only slightly more overhead
-than a kernel driver.
-</para>
-
-<para>There's a USB Mass Storage class driver, which provides
-a different solution for interoperability with systems such
-as MS-Windows and MacOS.
-That <emphasis>File-backed Storage</emphasis> driver uses a
-file or block device as backing store for a drive,
-like the <filename>loop</filename> driver.
-The USB host uses the BBB, CB, or CBI versions of the mass
-storage class specification, using transparent SCSI commands
-to access the data from the backing store.
-</para>
-
-<para>There's a "serial line" driver, useful for TTY style
-operation over USB.
-The latest version of that driver supports CDC ACM style
-operation, like a USB modem, and so on most hardware it can
-interoperate easily with MS-Windows.
-One interesting use of that driver is in boot firmware (like a BIOS),
-which can sometimes use that model with very small systems without
-real serial lines.
-</para>
-
-<para>Support for other kinds of gadget is expected to
-be developed and contributed
-over time, as this driver framework evolves.
-</para>
-
-</chapter>
-
-<chapter id="otg"><title>USB On-The-GO (OTG)</title>
-
-<para>USB OTG support on Linux 2.6 was initially developed
-by Texas Instruments for
-<ulink url="http://www.omap.com">OMAP</ulink> 16xx and 17xx
-series processors.
-Other OTG systems should work in similar ways, but the
-hardware level details could be very different.
-</para>
-
-<para>Systems need specialized hardware support to implement OTG,
-notably including a special <emphasis>Mini-AB</emphasis> jack
-and associated transciever to support <emphasis>Dual-Role</emphasis>
-operation:
-they can act either as a host, using the standard
-Linux-USB host side driver stack,
-or as a peripheral, using this "gadget" framework.
-To do that, the system software relies on small additions
-to those programming interfaces,
-and on a new internal component (here called an "OTG Controller")
-affecting which driver stack connects to the OTG port.
-In each role, the system can re-use the existing pool of
-hardware-neutral drivers, layered on top of the controller
-driver interfaces (<emphasis>usb_bus</emphasis> or
-<emphasis>usb_gadget</emphasis>).
-Such drivers need at most minor changes, and most of the calls
-added to support OTG can also benefit non-OTG products.
-</para>
-
-<itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Gadget drivers test the <emphasis>is_otg</emphasis>
- flag, and use it to determine whether or not to include
- an OTG descriptor in each of their configurations.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Gadget drivers may need changes to support the
- two new OTG protocols, exposed in new gadget attributes
- such as <emphasis>b_hnp_enable</emphasis> flag.
- HNP support should be reported through a user interface
- (two LEDs could suffice), and is triggered in some cases
- when the host suspends the peripheral.
- SRP support can be user-initiated just like remote wakeup,
- probably by pressing the same button.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>On the host side, USB device drivers need
- to be taught to trigger HNP at appropriate moments, using
- <function>usb_suspend_device()</function>.
- That also conserves battery power, which is useful even
- for non-OTG configurations.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Also on the host side, a driver must support the
- OTG "Targeted Peripheral List". That's just a whitelist,
- used to reject peripherals not supported with a given
- Linux OTG host.
- <emphasis>This whitelist is product-specific;
- each product must modify <filename>otg_whitelist.h</filename>
- to match its interoperability specification.
- </emphasis>
- </para>
- <para>Non-OTG Linux hosts, like PCs and workstations,
- normally have some solution for adding drivers, so that
- peripherals that aren't recognized can eventually be supported.
- That approach is unreasonable for consumer products that may
- never have their firmware upgraded, and where it's usually
- unrealistic to expect traditional PC/workstation/server kinds
- of support model to work.
- For example, it's often impractical to change device firmware
- once the product has been distributed, so driver bugs can't
- normally be fixed if they're found after shipment.
- </para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-
-<para>
-Additional changes are needed below those hardware-neutral
-<emphasis>usb_bus</emphasis> and <emphasis>usb_gadget</emphasis>
-driver interfaces; those aren't discussed here in any detail.
-Those affect the hardware-specific code for each USB Host or Peripheral
-controller, and how the HCD initializes (since OTG can be active only
-on a single port).
-They also involve what may be called an <emphasis>OTG Controller
-Driver</emphasis>, managing the OTG transceiver and the OTG state
-machine logic as well as much of the root hub behavior for the
-OTG port.
-The OTG controller driver needs to activate and deactivate USB
-controllers depending on the relevant device role.
-Some related changes were needed inside usbcore, so that it
-can identify OTG-capable devices and respond appropriately
-to HNP or SRP protocols.
-</para>
-
-</chapter>
-
-</book>
-<!--
- vim:syntax=sgml:sw=4
--->
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/genericirq.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/genericirq.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a882d9a90a9..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/genericirq.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,474 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="Generic-IRQ-Guide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Linux generic IRQ handling</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
- <surname>Gleixner</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>tglx@linutronix.de</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- <author>
- <firstname>Ingo</firstname>
- <surname>Molnar</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>mingo@elte.hu</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2005-2006</year>
- <holder>Thomas Gleixner</holder>
- </copyright>
- <copyright>
- <year>2005-2006</year>
- <holder>Ingo Molnar</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- The generic interrupt handling layer is designed to provide a
- complete abstraction of interrupt handling for device drivers.
- It is able to handle all the different types of interrupt controller
- hardware. Device drivers use generic API functions to request, enable,
- disable and free interrupts. The drivers do not have to know anything
- about interrupt hardware details, so they can be used on different
- platforms without code changes.
- </para>
- <para>
- This documentation is provided to developers who want to implement
- an interrupt subsystem based for their architecture, with the help
- of the generic IRQ handling layer.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="rationale">
- <title>Rationale</title>
- <para>
- The original implementation of interrupt handling in Linux is using
- the __do_IRQ() super-handler, which is able to deal with every
- type of interrupt logic.
- </para>
- <para>
- Originally, Russell King identified different types of handlers to
- build a quite universal set for the ARM interrupt handler
- implementation in Linux 2.5/2.6. He distinguished between:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Level type</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Edge type</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Simple type</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- In the SMP world of the __do_IRQ() super-handler another type
- was identified:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Per CPU type</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- This split implementation of highlevel IRQ handlers allows us to
- optimize the flow of the interrupt handling for each specific
- interrupt type. This reduces complexity in that particular codepath
- and allows the optimized handling of a given type.
- </para>
- <para>
- The original general IRQ implementation used hw_interrupt_type
- structures and their ->ack(), ->end() [etc.] callbacks to
- differentiate the flow control in the super-handler. This leads to
- a mix of flow logic and lowlevel hardware logic, and it also leads
- to unnecessary code duplication: for example in i386, there is a
- ioapic_level_irq and a ioapic_edge_irq irq-type which share many
- of the lowlevel details but have different flow handling.
- </para>
- <para>
- A more natural abstraction is the clean separation of the
- 'irq flow' and the 'chip details'.
- </para>
- <para>
- Analysing a couple of architecture's IRQ subsystem implementations
- reveals that most of them can use a generic set of 'irq flow'
- methods and only need to add the chip level specific code.
- The separation is also valuable for (sub)architectures
- which need specific quirks in the irq flow itself but not in the
- chip-details - and thus provides a more transparent IRQ subsystem
- design.
- </para>
- <para>
- Each interrupt descriptor is assigned its own highlevel flow
- handler, which is normally one of the generic
- implementations. (This highlevel flow handler implementation also
- makes it simple to provide demultiplexing handlers which can be
- found in embedded platforms on various architectures.)
- </para>
- <para>
- The separation makes the generic interrupt handling layer more
- flexible and extensible. For example, an (sub)architecture can
- use a generic irq-flow implementation for 'level type' interrupts
- and add a (sub)architecture specific 'edge type' implementation.
- </para>
- <para>
- To make the transition to the new model easier and prevent the
- breakage of existing implementations, the __do_IRQ() super-handler
- is still available. This leads to a kind of duality for the time
- being. Over time the new model should be used in more and more
- architectures, as it enables smaller and cleaner IRQ subsystems.
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="bugs">
- <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
- <para>
- None (knock on wood).
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="Abstraction">
- <title>Abstraction layers</title>
- <para>
- There are three main levels of abstraction in the interrupt code:
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Highlevel driver API</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Highlevel IRQ flow handlers</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Chiplevel hardware encapsulation</para></listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </para>
- <sect1 id="Interrupt_control_flow">
- <title>Interrupt control flow</title>
- <para>
- Each interrupt is described by an interrupt descriptor structure
- irq_desc. The interrupt is referenced by an 'unsigned int' numeric
- value which selects the corresponding interrupt decription structure
- in the descriptor structures array.
- The descriptor structure contains status information and pointers
- to the interrupt flow method and the interrupt chip structure
- which are assigned to this interrupt.
- </para>
- <para>
- Whenever an interrupt triggers, the lowlevel arch code calls into
- the generic interrupt code by calling desc->handle_irq().
- This highlevel IRQ handling function only uses desc->chip primitives
- referenced by the assigned chip descriptor structure.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Highlevel_Driver_API">
- <title>Highlevel Driver API</title>
- <para>
- The highlevel Driver API consists of following functions:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>request_irq()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>free_irq()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>disable_irq()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>enable_irq()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>disable_irq_nosync() (SMP only)</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>synchronize_irq() (SMP only)</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>set_irq_type()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>set_irq_wake()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>set_irq_data()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>set_irq_chip()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>set_irq_chip_data()</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- See the autogenerated function documentation for details.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Highlevel_IRQ_flow_handlers">
- <title>Highlevel IRQ flow handlers</title>
- <para>
- The generic layer provides a set of pre-defined irq-flow methods:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>handle_level_irq</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>handle_edge_irq</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>handle_simple_irq</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>handle_percpu_irq</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- The interrupt flow handlers (either predefined or architecture
- specific) are assigned to specific interrupts by the architecture
- either during bootup or during device initialization.
- </para>
- <sect2 id="Default_flow_implementations">
- <title>Default flow implementations</title>
- <sect3 id="Helper_functions">
- <title>Helper functions</title>
- <para>
- The helper functions call the chip primitives and
- are used by the default flow implementations.
- The following helper functions are implemented (simplified excerpt):
- <programlisting>
-default_enable(irq)
-{
- desc->chip->unmask(irq);
-}
-
-default_disable(irq)
-{
- if (!delay_disable(irq))
- desc->chip->mask(irq);
-}
-
-default_ack(irq)
-{
- chip->ack(irq);
-}
-
-default_mask_ack(irq)
-{
- if (chip->mask_ack) {
- chip->mask_ack(irq);
- } else {
- chip->mask(irq);
- chip->ack(irq);
- }
-}
-
-noop(irq)
-{
-}
-
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="Default_flow_handler_implementations">
- <title>Default flow handler implementations</title>
- <sect3 id="Default_Level_IRQ_flow_handler">
- <title>Default Level IRQ flow handler</title>
- <para>
- handle_level_irq provides a generic implementation
- for level-triggered interrupts.
- </para>
- <para>
- The following control flow is implemented (simplified excerpt):
- <programlisting>
-desc->chip->start();
-handle_IRQ_event(desc->action);
-desc->chip->end();
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3 id="Default_Edge_IRQ_flow_handler">
- <title>Default Edge IRQ flow handler</title>
- <para>
- handle_edge_irq provides a generic implementation
- for edge-triggered interrupts.
- </para>
- <para>
- The following control flow is implemented (simplified excerpt):
- <programlisting>
-if (desc->status &amp; running) {
- desc->chip->hold();
- desc->status |= pending | masked;
- return;
-}
-desc->chip->start();
-desc->status |= running;
-do {
- if (desc->status &amp; masked)
- desc->chip->enable();
- desc->status &amp;= ~pending;
- handle_IRQ_event(desc->action);
-} while (status &amp; pending);
-desc->status &amp;= ~running;
-desc->chip->end();
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3 id="Default_simple_IRQ_flow_handler">
- <title>Default simple IRQ flow handler</title>
- <para>
- handle_simple_irq provides a generic implementation
- for simple interrupts.
- </para>
- <para>
- Note: The simple flow handler does not call any
- handler/chip primitives.
- </para>
- <para>
- The following control flow is implemented (simplified excerpt):
- <programlisting>
-handle_IRQ_event(desc->action);
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3 id="Default_per_CPU_flow_handler">
- <title>Default per CPU flow handler</title>
- <para>
- handle_percpu_irq provides a generic implementation
- for per CPU interrupts.
- </para>
- <para>
- Per CPU interrupts are only available on SMP and
- the handler provides a simplified version without
- locking.
- </para>
- <para>
- The following control flow is implemented (simplified excerpt):
- <programlisting>
-desc->chip->start();
-handle_IRQ_event(desc->action);
-desc->chip->end();
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="Quirks_and_optimizations">
- <title>Quirks and optimizations</title>
- <para>
- The generic functions are intended for 'clean' architectures and chips,
- which have no platform-specific IRQ handling quirks. If an architecture
- needs to implement quirks on the 'flow' level then it can do so by
- overriding the highlevel irq-flow handler.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="Delayed_interrupt_disable">
- <title>Delayed interrupt disable</title>
- <para>
- This per interrupt selectable feature, which was introduced by Russell
- King in the ARM interrupt implementation, does not mask an interrupt
- at the hardware level when disable_irq() is called. The interrupt is
- kept enabled and is masked in the flow handler when an interrupt event
- happens. This prevents losing edge interrupts on hardware which does
- not store an edge interrupt event while the interrupt is disabled at
- the hardware level. When an interrupt arrives while the IRQ_DISABLED
- flag is set, then the interrupt is masked at the hardware level and
- the IRQ_PENDING bit is set. When the interrupt is re-enabled by
- enable_irq() the pending bit is checked and if it is set, the
- interrupt is resent either via hardware or by a software resend
- mechanism. (It's necessary to enable CONFIG_HARDIRQS_SW_RESEND when
- you want to use the delayed interrupt disable feature and your
- hardware is not capable of retriggering an interrupt.)
- The delayed interrupt disable can be runtime enabled, per interrupt,
- by setting the IRQ_DELAYED_DISABLE flag in the irq_desc status field.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Chiplevel_hardware_encapsulation">
- <title>Chiplevel hardware encapsulation</title>
- <para>
- The chip level hardware descriptor structure irq_chip
- contains all the direct chip relevant functions, which
- can be utilized by the irq flow implementations.
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>ack()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>mask_ack() - Optional, recommended for performance</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>mask()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>unmask()</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>retrigger() - Optional</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>set_type() - Optional</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>set_wake() - Optional</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- These primitives are strictly intended to mean what they say: ack means
- ACK, masking means masking of an IRQ line, etc. It is up to the flow
- handler(s) to use these basic units of lowlevel functionality.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="doirq">
- <title>__do_IRQ entry point</title>
- <para>
- The original implementation __do_IRQ() is an alternative entry
- point for all types of interrupts.
- </para>
- <para>
- This handler turned out to be not suitable for all
- interrupt hardware and was therefore reimplemented with split
- functionality for egde/level/simple/percpu interrupts. This is not
- only a functional optimization. It also shortens code paths for
- interrupts.
- </para>
- <para>
- To make use of the split implementation, replace the call to
- __do_IRQ by a call to desc->chip->handle_irq() and associate
- the appropriate handler function to desc->chip->handle_irq().
- In most cases the generic handler implementations should
- be sufficient.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="locking">
- <title>Locking on SMP</title>
- <para>
- The locking of chip registers is up to the architecture that
- defines the chip primitives. There is a chip->lock field that can be used
- for serialization, but the generic layer does not touch it. The per-irq
- structure is protected via desc->lock, by the generic layer.
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="structs">
- <title>Structures</title>
- <para>
- This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the structures which are
- used in the generic IRQ layer.
- </para>
-!Iinclude/linux/irq.h
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="pubfunctions">
- <title>Public Functions Provided</title>
- <para>
- This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the kernel API functions
- which are exported.
- </para>
-!Ekernel/irq/manage.c
-!Ekernel/irq/chip.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="intfunctions">
- <title>Internal Functions Provided</title>
- <para>
- This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the internal functions.
- </para>
-!Ikernel/irq/handle.c
-!Ikernel/irq/chip.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="credits">
- <title>Credits</title>
- <para>
- The following people have contributed to this document:
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Thomas Gleixner<email>tglx@linutronix.de</email></para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Ingo Molnar<email>mingo@elte.hu</email></para></listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </para>
- </chapter>
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index b7b1482f6e04..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,702 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="Basics">
- <title>Driver Basics</title>
- <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/init.h
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title>
-!Iinclude/asm-x86/atomic_32.h
-!Iinclude/asm-x86/unaligned.h
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/sched.h
-!Ekernel/sched.c
-!Ekernel/timer.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/ktime.h
-!Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h
-!Ekernel/hrtimer.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Workqueues and Kevents</title>
-!Ekernel/workqueue.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title>
-!Ikernel/exit.c
-!Ikernel/signal.c
-!Iinclude/linux/kthread.h
-!Ekernel/kthread.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title>
-<!--
-X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h
--->
-!Elib/kobject.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/kernel.h
-!Ekernel/printk.c
-!Ekernel/panic.c
-!Ekernel/sys.c
-!Ekernel/rcupdate.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>Device Resource Management</title>
-!Edrivers/base/devres.c
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="adt">
- <title>Data Types</title>
- <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/list.h
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="libc">
- <title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
-
- <para>
- When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
- from the C Library. Some of the functions have been found generally
- useful and they are listed below. The behaviour of these functions
- may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
- are noted in the text.
- </para>
-
- <sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
-!Ilib/vsprintf.c
-!Elib/vsprintf.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
-<!-- All functions are exported at now
-X!Ilib/string.c
- -->
-!Elib/string.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
-!Iinclude/asm-x86/bitops.h
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="kernel-lib">
- <title>Basic Kernel Library Functions</title>
-
- <para>
- The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
- </para>
-
- <sect1><title>Bitmap Operations</title>
-!Elib/bitmap.c
-!Ilib/bitmap.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>Command-line Parsing</title>
-!Elib/cmdline.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="crc"><title>CRC Functions</title>
-!Elib/crc7.c
-!Elib/crc16.c
-!Elib/crc-itu-t.c
-!Elib/crc32.c
-!Elib/crc-ccitt.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="mm">
- <title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
- <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/slab.h
-!Emm/slab.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
-!Iinclude/asm-x86/uaccess_32.h
-!Earch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
-!Emm/readahead.c
-!Emm/filemap.c
-!Emm/memory.c
-!Emm/vmalloc.c
-!Imm/page_alloc.c
-!Emm/mempool.c
-!Emm/dmapool.c
-!Emm/page-writeback.c
-!Emm/truncate.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
-
- <chapter id="ipc">
- <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
-
- <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
-!Iipc/util.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="kfifo">
- <title>FIFO Buffer</title>
- <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
-!Ekernel/kfifo.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="relayfs">
- <title>relay interface support</title>
-
- <para>
- Relay interface support
- is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
- facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
- user space.
- </para>
-
- <sect1><title>relay interface</title>
-!Ekernel/relay.c
-!Ikernel/relay.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="modload">
- <title>Module Support</title>
- <sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
-!Ekernel/kmod.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
- <para>
- Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
- </para>
-<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
-X!Ekernel/module.c
--->
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="hardware">
- <title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
- <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
-!Ekernel/irq/manage.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>DMA Channels</title>
-!Ekernel/dma.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
-!Ikernel/resource.c
-!Ekernel/resource.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
-!Earch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
-!Edrivers/pci/pci.c
-!Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
-!Edrivers/pci/remove.c
-!Edrivers/pci/pci-acpi.c
-!Edrivers/pci/search.c
-!Edrivers/pci/msi.c
-!Edrivers/pci/bus.c
-<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
-X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
--->
-!Edrivers/pci/probe.c
-!Edrivers/pci/rom.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
-!Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title>
- <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title>
- <para>
- Refer to the file arch/x86/kernel/mca_32.c for more information.
- </para>
-<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
-X!Earch/x86/kernel/mca_32.c
--->
- </sect2>
- <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title>
-!Iinclude/asm-x86/mca_dma.h
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="firmware">
- <title>Firmware Interfaces</title>
- <sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title>
-!Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>EDD Interfaces</title>
-!Idrivers/firmware/edd.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="security">
- <title>Security Framework</title>
-!Isecurity/security.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="audit">
- <title>Audit Interfaces</title>
-!Ekernel/audit.c
-!Ikernel/auditsc.c
-!Ikernel/auditfilter.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="accounting">
- <title>Accounting Framework</title>
-!Ikernel/acct.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="devdrivers">
- <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title>
- <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title>
-<!--
-X!Iinclude/linux/device.h
--->
-!Edrivers/base/driver.c
-!Edrivers/base/core.c
-!Edrivers/base/class.c
-!Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c
-!Edrivers/base/transport_class.c
-<!-- Cannot be included, because
- attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter
- and attribute_container_classdev_to_container
- exceed allowed 44 characters maximum
-X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c
--->
-!Edrivers/base/sys.c
-<!--
-X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
--->
-!Edrivers/base/platform.c
-!Edrivers/base/bus.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title>
-!Edrivers/base/power/main.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title>
-<!-- Internal functions only
-X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c
-X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c
-X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c
-X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c
--->
-!Edrivers/acpi/scan.c
-!Idrivers/acpi/scan.c
-<!-- No correct structured comments
-X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c
--->
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title>
-!Idrivers/pnp/core.c
-<!-- No correct structured comments
-X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
- -->
-!Edrivers/pnp/card.c
-!Idrivers/pnp/driver.c
-!Edrivers/pnp/manager.c
-!Edrivers/pnp/support.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Userspace IO devices</title>
-!Edrivers/uio/uio.c
-!Iinclude/linux/uio_driver.h
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="blkdev">
- <title>Block Devices</title>
-!Eblock/blk-core.c
-!Iblock/blk-core.c
-!Eblock/blk-map.c
-!Iblock/blk-sysfs.c
-!Eblock/blk-settings.c
-!Eblock/blk-exec.c
-!Eblock/blk-barrier.c
-!Eblock/blk-tag.c
-!Iblock/blk-tag.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="chrdev">
- <title>Char devices</title>
-!Efs/char_dev.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="miscdev">
- <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
-!Edrivers/char/misc.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="parportdev">
- <title>Parallel Port Devices</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/parport.h
-!Edrivers/parport/ieee1284.c
-!Edrivers/parport/share.c
-!Idrivers/parport/daisy.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="message_devices">
- <title>Message-based devices</title>
- <sect1><title>Fusion message devices</title>
-!Edrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c
-!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c
-!Edrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c
-!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c
-!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptctl.c
-!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptspi.c
-!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptfc.c
-!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptlan.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>I2O message devices</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/i2o.h
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/core.h
-!Edrivers/message/i2o/iop.c
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/iop.c
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/config-osm.c
-!Edrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/bus-osm.c
-!Edrivers/message/i2o/device.c
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/device.c
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/driver.c
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/pci.c
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_block.c
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_scsi.c
-!Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_proc.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="snddev">
- <title>Sound Devices</title>
-!Iinclude/sound/core.h
-!Esound/sound_core.c
-!Iinclude/sound/pcm.h
-!Esound/core/pcm.c
-!Esound/core/device.c
-!Esound/core/info.c
-!Esound/core/rawmidi.c
-!Esound/core/sound.c
-!Esound/core/memory.c
-!Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
-!Esound/core/init.c
-!Esound/core/isadma.c
-!Esound/core/control.c
-!Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
-!Esound/core/hwdep.c
-!Esound/core/pcm_native.c
-!Esound/core/memalloc.c
-<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
-X!Isound/sound_firmware.c
--->
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="uart16x50">
- <title>16x50 UART Driver</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h
-!Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c
-!Edrivers/serial/8250.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="fbdev">
- <title>Frame Buffer Library</title>
-
- <para>
- The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures.
- These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h. They are
- fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs.
- The last three can be made available to and from userland.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card.
- Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a
- collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work.
- fb_info is only visible to the kernel.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card
- that are user defined. With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as
- depth and the resolution may be defined.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the
- properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't
- be changed otherwise. A good example of this is the start of the
- frame buffer memory. This "locks" the address of the frame buffer
- memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was
- little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things
- such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With
- the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used
- correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked. fb_monospecs
- will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x.
- </para>
-
- <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title>
-!Edrivers/video/fbmem.c
- </sect1>
-<!--
- <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title>
-X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c
- </sect1>
--->
- <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title>
-!Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c
- </sect1>
-<!-- FIXME:
- drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml. Comment
- out until somebody adds docs. KAO
- <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title>
-X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c
- </sect1>
-KAO -->
- <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title>
-!Idrivers/video/modedb.c
-!Edrivers/video/modedb.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title>
-!Edrivers/video/macmodes.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title>
- <para>
- Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information.
- </para>
-<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
-X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c
--->
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="input_subsystem">
- <title>Input Subsystem</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/input.h
-!Edrivers/input/input.c
-!Edrivers/input/ff-core.c
-!Edrivers/input/ff-memless.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="spi">
- <title>Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)</title>
- <para>
- SPI is the "Serial Peripheral Interface", widely used with
- embedded systems because it is a simple and efficient
- interface: basically a multiplexed shift register.
- Its three signal wires hold a clock (SCK, often in the range
- of 1-20 MHz), a "Master Out, Slave In" (MOSI) data line, and
- a "Master In, Slave Out" (MISO) data line.
- SPI is a full duplex protocol; for each bit shifted out the
- MOSI line (one per clock) another is shifted in on the MISO line.
- Those bits are assembled into words of various sizes on the
- way to and from system memory.
- An additional chipselect line is usually active-low (nCS);
- four signals are normally used for each peripheral, plus
- sometimes an interrupt.
- </para>
- <para>
- The SPI bus facilities listed here provide a generalized
- interface to declare SPI busses and devices, manage them
- according to the standard Linux driver model, and perform
- input/output operations.
- At this time, only "master" side interfaces are supported,
- where Linux talks to SPI peripherals and does not implement
- such a peripheral itself.
- (Interfaces to support implementing SPI slaves would
- necessarily look different.)
- </para>
- <para>
- The programming interface is structured around two kinds of driver,
- and two kinds of device.
- A "Controller Driver" abstracts the controller hardware, which may
- be as simple as a set of GPIO pins or as complex as a pair of FIFOs
- connected to dual DMA engines on the other side of the SPI shift
- register (maximizing throughput). Such drivers bridge between
- whatever bus they sit on (often the platform bus) and SPI, and
- expose the SPI side of their device as a
- <structname>struct spi_master</structname>.
- SPI devices are children of that master, represented as a
- <structname>struct spi_device</structname> and manufactured from
- <structname>struct spi_board_info</structname> descriptors which
- are usually provided by board-specific initialization code.
- A <structname>struct spi_driver</structname> is called a
- "Protocol Driver", and is bound to a spi_device using normal
- driver model calls.
- </para>
- <para>
- The I/O model is a set of queued messages. Protocol drivers
- submit one or more <structname>struct spi_message</structname>
- objects, which are processed and completed asynchronously.
- (There are synchronous wrappers, however.) Messages are
- built from one or more <structname>struct spi_transfer</structname>
- objects, each of which wraps a full duplex SPI transfer.
- A variety of protocol tweaking options are needed, because
- different chips adopt very different policies for how they
- use the bits transferred with SPI.
- </para>
-!Iinclude/linux/spi/spi.h
-!Fdrivers/spi/spi.c spi_register_board_info
-!Edrivers/spi/spi.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="i2c">
- <title>I<superscript>2</superscript>C and SMBus Subsystem</title>
-
- <para>
- I<superscript>2</superscript>C (or without fancy typography, "I2C")
- is an acronym for the "Inter-IC" bus, a simple bus protocol which is
- widely used where low data rate communications suffice.
- Since it's also a licensed trademark, some vendors use another
- name (such as "Two-Wire Interface", TWI) for the same bus.
- I2C only needs two signals (SCL for clock, SDA for data), conserving
- board real estate and minimizing signal quality issues.
- Most I2C devices use seven bit addresses, and bus speeds of up
- to 400 kHz; there's a high speed extension (3.4 MHz) that's not yet
- found wide use.
- I2C is a multi-master bus; open drain signaling is used to
- arbitrate between masters, as well as to handshake and to
- synchronize clocks from slower clients.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The Linux I2C programming interfaces support only the master
- side of bus interactions, not the slave side.
- The programming interface is structured around two kinds of driver,
- and two kinds of device.
- An I2C "Adapter Driver" abstracts the controller hardware; it binds
- to a physical device (perhaps a PCI device or platform_device) and
- exposes a <structname>struct i2c_adapter</structname> representing
- each I2C bus segment it manages.
- On each I2C bus segment will be I2C devices represented by a
- <structname>struct i2c_client</structname>. Those devices will
- be bound to a <structname>struct i2c_driver</structname>,
- which should follow the standard Linux driver model.
- (At this writing, a legacy model is more widely used.)
- There are functions to perform various I2C protocol operations; at
- this writing all such functions are usable only from task context.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The System Management Bus (SMBus) is a sibling protocol. Most SMBus
- systems are also I2C conformant. The electrical constraints are
- tighter for SMBus, and it standardizes particular protocol messages
- and idioms. Controllers that support I2C can also support most
- SMBus operations, but SMBus controllers don't support all the protocol
- options that an I2C controller will.
- There are functions to perform various SMBus protocol operations,
- either using I2C primitives or by issuing SMBus commands to
- i2c_adapter devices which don't support those I2C operations.
- </para>
-
-!Iinclude/linux/i2c.h
-!Fdrivers/i2c/i2c-boardinfo.c i2c_register_board_info
-!Edrivers/i2c/i2c-core.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="clk">
- <title>Clock Framework</title>
-
- <para>
- The clock framework defines programming interfaces to support
- software management of the system clock tree.
- This framework is widely used with System-On-Chip (SOC) platforms
- to support power management and various devices which may need
- custom clock rates.
- Note that these "clocks" don't relate to timekeeping or real
- time clocks (RTCs), each of which have separate frameworks.
- These <structname>struct clk</structname> instances may be used
- to manage for example a 96 MHz signal that is used to shift bits
- into and out of peripherals or busses, or otherwise trigger
- synchronous state machine transitions in system hardware.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Power management is supported by explicit software clock gating:
- unused clocks are disabled, so the system doesn't waste power
- changing the state of transistors that aren't in active use.
- On some systems this may be backed by hardware clock gating,
- where clocks are gated without being disabled in software.
- Sections of chips that are powered but not clocked may be able
- to retain their last state.
- This low power state is often called a <emphasis>retention
- mode</emphasis>.
- This mode still incurs leakage currents, especially with finer
- circuit geometries, but for CMOS circuits power is mostly used
- by clocked state changes.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Power-aware drivers only enable their clocks when the device
- they manage is in active use. Also, system sleep states often
- differ according to which clock domains are active: while a
- "standby" state may allow wakeup from several active domains, a
- "mem" (suspend-to-RAM) state may require a more wholesale shutdown
- of clocks derived from higher speed PLLs and oscillators, limiting
- the number of possible wakeup event sources. A driver's suspend
- method may need to be aware of system-specific clock constraints
- on the target sleep state.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Some platforms support programmable clock generators. These
- can be used by external chips of various kinds, such as other
- CPUs, multimedia codecs, and devices with strict requirements
- for interface clocking.
- </para>
-
-!Iinclude/linux/clk.h
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c63e5864160..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1327 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="lk-hacking-guide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Unreliable Guide To Hacking The Linux Kernel</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Rusty</firstname>
- <surname>Russell</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>rusty@rustcorp.com.au</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2005</year>
- <holder>Rusty Russell</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
-
- <releaseinfo>
- This is the first release of this document as part of the kernel tarball.
- </releaseinfo>
-
- </bookinfo>
-
- <toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="introduction">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- Welcome, gentle reader, to Rusty's Remarkably Unreliable Guide to Linux
- Kernel Hacking. This document describes the common routines and
- general requirements for kernel code: its goal is to serve as a
- primer for Linux kernel development for experienced C
- programmers. I avoid implementation details: that's what the
- code is for, and I ignore whole tracts of useful routines.
- </para>
- <para>
- Before you read this, please understand that I never wanted to
- write this document, being grossly under-qualified, but I always
- wanted to read it, and this was the only way. I hope it will
- grow into a compendium of best practice, common starting points
- and random information.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="basic-players">
- <title>The Players</title>
-
- <para>
- At any time each of the CPUs in a system can be:
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- not associated with any process, serving a hardware interrupt;
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- not associated with any process, serving a softirq or tasklet;
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- running in kernel space, associated with a process (user context);
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- running a process in user space.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- There is an ordering between these. The bottom two can preempt
- each other, but above that is a strict hierarchy: each can only be
- preempted by the ones above it. For example, while a softirq is
- running on a CPU, no other softirq will preempt it, but a hardware
- interrupt can. However, any other CPUs in the system execute
- independently.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- We'll see a number of ways that the user context can block
- interrupts, to become truly non-preemptable.
- </para>
-
- <sect1 id="basics-usercontext">
- <title>User Context</title>
-
- <para>
- User context is when you are coming in from a system call or other
- trap: like userspace, you can be preempted by more important tasks
- and by interrupts. You can sleep, by calling
- <function>schedule()</function>.
- </para>
-
- <note>
- <para>
- You are always in user context on module load and unload,
- and on operations on the block device layer.
- </para>
- </note>
-
- <para>
- In user context, the <varname>current</varname> pointer (indicating
- the task we are currently executing) is valid, and
- <function>in_interrupt()</function>
- (<filename>include/linux/interrupt.h</filename>) is <returnvalue>false
- </returnvalue>.
- </para>
-
- <caution>
- <para>
- Beware that if you have preemption or softirqs disabled
- (see below), <function>in_interrupt()</function> will return a
- false positive.
- </para>
- </caution>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="basics-hardirqs">
- <title>Hardware Interrupts (Hard IRQs)</title>
-
- <para>
- Timer ticks, <hardware>network cards</hardware> and
- <hardware>keyboard</hardware> are examples of real
- hardware which produce interrupts at any time. The kernel runs
- interrupt handlers, which services the hardware. The kernel
- guarantees that this handler is never re-entered: if the same
- interrupt arrives, it is queued (or dropped). Because it
- disables interrupts, this handler has to be fast: frequently it
- simply acknowledges the interrupt, marks a 'software interrupt'
- for execution and exits.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You can tell you are in a hardware interrupt, because
- <function>in_irq()</function> returns <returnvalue>true</returnvalue>.
- </para>
- <caution>
- <para>
- Beware that this will return a false positive if interrupts are disabled
- (see below).
- </para>
- </caution>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="basics-softirqs">
- <title>Software Interrupt Context: Softirqs and Tasklets</title>
-
- <para>
- Whenever a system call is about to return to userspace, or a
- hardware interrupt handler exits, any 'software interrupts'
- which are marked pending (usually by hardware interrupts) are
- run (<filename>kernel/softirq.c</filename>).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Much of the real interrupt handling work is done here. Early in
- the transition to <acronym>SMP</acronym>, there were only 'bottom
- halves' (BHs), which didn't take advantage of multiple CPUs. Shortly
- after we switched from wind-up computers made of match-sticks and snot,
- we abandoned this limitation and switched to 'softirqs'.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/interrupt.h</filename> lists the
- different softirqs. A very important softirq is the
- timer softirq (<filename
- class="headerfile">include/linux/timer.h</filename>): you can
- register to have it call functions for you in a given length of
- time.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Softirqs are often a pain to deal with, since the same softirq
- will run simultaneously on more than one CPU. For this reason,
- tasklets (<filename
- class="headerfile">include/linux/interrupt.h</filename>) are more
- often used: they are dynamically-registrable (meaning you can have
- as many as you want), and they also guarantee that any tasklet
- will only run on one CPU at any time, although different tasklets
- can run simultaneously.
- </para>
- <caution>
- <para>
- The name 'tasklet' is misleading: they have nothing to do with 'tasks',
- and probably more to do with some bad vodka Alexey Kuznetsov had at the
- time.
- </para>
- </caution>
-
- <para>
- You can tell you are in a softirq (or tasklet)
- using the <function>in_softirq()</function> macro
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/linux/interrupt.h</filename>).
- </para>
- <caution>
- <para>
- Beware that this will return a false positive if a bh lock (see below)
- is held.
- </para>
- </caution>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="basic-rules">
- <title>Some Basic Rules</title>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term>No memory protection</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- If you corrupt memory, whether in user context or
- interrupt context, the whole machine will crash. Are you
- sure you can't do what you want in userspace?
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>No floating point or <acronym>MMX</acronym></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The <acronym>FPU</acronym> context is not saved; even in user
- context the <acronym>FPU</acronym> state probably won't
- correspond with the current process: you would mess with some
- user process' <acronym>FPU</acronym> state. If you really want
- to do this, you would have to explicitly save/restore the full
- <acronym>FPU</acronym> state (and avoid context switches). It
- is generally a bad idea; use fixed point arithmetic first.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>A rigid stack limit</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Depending on configuration options the kernel stack is about 3K to 6K for most 32-bit architectures: it's
- about 14K on most 64-bit archs, and often shared with interrupts
- so you can't use it all. Avoid deep recursion and huge local
- arrays on the stack (allocate them dynamically instead).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>The Linux kernel is portable</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Let's keep it that way. Your code should be 64-bit clean,
- and endian-independent. You should also minimize CPU
- specific stuff, e.g. inline assembly should be cleanly
- encapsulated and minimized to ease porting. Generally it
- should be restricted to the architecture-dependent part of
- the kernel tree.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="ioctls">
- <title>ioctls: Not writing a new system call</title>
-
- <para>
- A system call generally looks like this
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-asmlinkage long sys_mycall(int arg)
-{
- return 0;
-}
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- First, in most cases you don't want to create a new system call.
- You create a character device and implement an appropriate ioctl
- for it. This is much more flexible than system calls, doesn't have
- to be entered in every architecture's
- <filename class="headerfile">include/asm/unistd.h</filename> and
- <filename>arch/kernel/entry.S</filename> file, and is much more
- likely to be accepted by Linus.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If all your routine does is read or write some parameter, consider
- implementing a <function>sysfs</function> interface instead.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Inside the ioctl you're in user context to a process. When a
- error occurs you return a negated errno (see
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/errno.h</filename>),
- otherwise you return <returnvalue>0</returnvalue>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- After you slept you should check if a signal occurred: the
- Unix/Linux way of handling signals is to temporarily exit the
- system call with the <constant>-ERESTARTSYS</constant> error. The
- system call entry code will switch back to user context, process
- the signal handler and then your system call will be restarted
- (unless the user disabled that). So you should be prepared to
- process the restart, e.g. if you're in the middle of manipulating
- some data structure.
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-if (signal_pending())
- return -ERESTARTSYS;
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- If you're doing longer computations: first think userspace. If you
- <emphasis>really</emphasis> want to do it in kernel you should
- regularly check if you need to give up the CPU (remember there is
- cooperative multitasking per CPU). Idiom:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-cond_resched(); /* Will sleep */
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- A short note on interface design: the UNIX system call motto is
- "Provide mechanism not policy".
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="deadlock-recipes">
- <title>Recipes for Deadlock</title>
-
- <para>
- You cannot call any routines which may sleep, unless:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- You are in user context.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- You do not own any spinlocks.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- You have interrupts enabled (actually, Andi Kleen says
- that the scheduling code will enable them for you, but
- that's probably not what you wanted).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- Note that some functions may sleep implicitly: common ones are
- the user space access functions (*_user) and memory allocation
- functions without <symbol>GFP_ATOMIC</symbol>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should always compile your kernel
- <symbol>CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK_SLEEP</symbol> on, and it will warn
- you if you break these rules. If you <emphasis>do</emphasis> break
- the rules, you will eventually lock up your box.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Really.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="common-routines">
- <title>Common Routines</title>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-printk">
- <title>
- <function>printk()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/kernel.h</filename>
- </title>
-
- <para>
- <function>printk()</function> feeds kernel messages to the
- console, dmesg, and the syslog daemon. It is useful for debugging
- and reporting errors, and can be used inside interrupt context,
- but use with caution: a machine which has its console flooded with
- printk messages is unusable. It uses a format string mostly
- compatible with ANSI C printf, and C string concatenation to give
- it a first "priority" argument:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-printk(KERN_INFO "i = %u\n", i);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- See <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/kernel.h</filename>;
- for other KERN_ values; these are interpreted by syslog as the
- level. Special case: for printing an IP address use
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-__u32 ipaddress;
-printk(KERN_INFO "my ip: %d.%d.%d.%d\n", NIPQUAD(ipaddress));
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- <function>printk()</function> internally uses a 1K buffer and does
- not catch overruns. Make sure that will be enough.
- </para>
-
- <note>
- <para>
- You will know when you are a real kernel hacker
- when you start typoing printf as printk in your user programs :)
- </para>
- </note>
-
- <!--- From the Lions book reader department -->
-
- <note>
- <para>
- Another sidenote: the original Unix Version 6 sources had a
- comment on top of its printf function: "Printf should not be
- used for chit-chat". You should follow that advice.
- </para>
- </note>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-copy">
- <title>
- <function>copy_[to/from]_user()</function>
- /
- <function>get_user()</function>
- /
- <function>put_user()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/asm/uaccess.h</filename>
- </title>
-
- <para>
- <emphasis>[SLEEPS]</emphasis>
- </para>
-
- <para>
- <function>put_user()</function> and <function>get_user()</function>
- are used to get and put single values (such as an int, char, or
- long) from and to userspace. A pointer into userspace should
- never be simply dereferenced: data should be copied using these
- routines. Both return <constant>-EFAULT</constant> or 0.
- </para>
- <para>
- <function>copy_to_user()</function> and
- <function>copy_from_user()</function> are more general: they copy
- an arbitrary amount of data to and from userspace.
- <caution>
- <para>
- Unlike <function>put_user()</function> and
- <function>get_user()</function>, they return the amount of
- uncopied data (ie. <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> still means
- success).
- </para>
- </caution>
- [Yes, this moronic interface makes me cringe. The flamewar comes up every year or so. --RR.]
- </para>
- <para>
- The functions may sleep implicitly. This should never be called
- outside user context (it makes no sense), with interrupts
- disabled, or a spinlock held.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-kmalloc">
- <title><function>kmalloc()</function>/<function>kfree()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/slab.h</filename></title>
-
- <para>
- <emphasis>[MAY SLEEP: SEE BELOW]</emphasis>
- </para>
-
- <para>
- These routines are used to dynamically request pointer-aligned
- chunks of memory, like malloc and free do in userspace, but
- <function>kmalloc()</function> takes an extra flag word.
- Important values:
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term>
- <constant>
- GFP_KERNEL
- </constant>
- </term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- May sleep and swap to free memory. Only allowed in user
- context, but is the most reliable way to allocate memory.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>
- <constant>
- GFP_ATOMIC
- </constant>
- </term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Don't sleep. Less reliable than <constant>GFP_KERNEL</constant>,
- but may be called from interrupt context. You should
- <emphasis>really</emphasis> have a good out-of-memory
- error-handling strategy.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>
- <constant>
- GFP_DMA
- </constant>
- </term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Allocate ISA DMA lower than 16MB. If you don't know what that
- is you don't need it. Very unreliable.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>
- If you see a <errorname>sleeping function called from invalid
- context</errorname> warning message, then maybe you called a
- sleeping allocation function from interrupt context without
- <constant>GFP_ATOMIC</constant>. You should really fix that.
- Run, don't walk.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If you are allocating at least <constant>PAGE_SIZE</constant>
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/asm/page.h</filename>) bytes,
- consider using <function>__get_free_pages()</function>
-
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/linux/mm.h</filename>). It
- takes an order argument (0 for page sized, 1 for double page, 2
- for four pages etc.) and the same memory priority flag word as
- above.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If you are allocating more than a page worth of bytes you can use
- <function>vmalloc()</function>. It'll allocate virtual memory in
- the kernel map. This block is not contiguous in physical memory,
- but the <acronym>MMU</acronym> makes it look like it is for you
- (so it'll only look contiguous to the CPUs, not to external device
- drivers). If you really need large physically contiguous memory
- for some weird device, you have a problem: it is poorly supported
- in Linux because after some time memory fragmentation in a running
- kernel makes it hard. The best way is to allocate the block early
- in the boot process via the <function>alloc_bootmem()</function>
- routine.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Before inventing your own cache of often-used objects consider
- using a slab cache in
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/slab.h</filename>
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-current">
- <title><function>current</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/asm/current.h</filename></title>
-
- <para>
- This global variable (really a macro) contains a pointer to
- the current task structure, so is only valid in user context.
- For example, when a process makes a system call, this will
- point to the task structure of the calling process. It is
- <emphasis>not NULL</emphasis> in interrupt context.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-udelay">
- <title><function>mdelay()</function>/<function>udelay()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/asm/delay.h</filename>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/delay.h</filename>
- </title>
-
- <para>
- The <function>udelay()</function> and <function>ndelay()</function> functions can be used for small pauses.
- Do not use large values with them as you risk
- overflow - the helper function <function>mdelay()</function> is useful
- here, or consider <function>msleep()</function>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-endian">
- <title><function>cpu_to_be32()</function>/<function>be32_to_cpu()</function>/<function>cpu_to_le32()</function>/<function>le32_to_cpu()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/asm/byteorder.h</filename>
- </title>
-
- <para>
- The <function>cpu_to_be32()</function> family (where the "32" can
- be replaced by 64 or 16, and the "be" can be replaced by "le") are
- the general way to do endian conversions in the kernel: they
- return the converted value. All variations supply the reverse as
- well: <function>be32_to_cpu()</function>, etc.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- There are two major variations of these functions: the pointer
- variation, such as <function>cpu_to_be32p()</function>, which take
- a pointer to the given type, and return the converted value. The
- other variation is the "in-situ" family, such as
- <function>cpu_to_be32s()</function>, which convert value referred
- to by the pointer, and return void.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-local-irqs">
- <title><function>local_irq_save()</function>/<function>local_irq_restore()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/asm/system.h</filename>
- </title>
-
- <para>
- These routines disable hard interrupts on the local CPU, and
- restore them. They are reentrant; saving the previous state in
- their one <varname>unsigned long flags</varname> argument. If you
- know that interrupts are enabled, you can simply use
- <function>local_irq_disable()</function> and
- <function>local_irq_enable()</function>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-softirqs">
- <title><function>local_bh_disable()</function>/<function>local_bh_enable()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/interrupt.h</filename></title>
-
- <para>
- These routines disable soft interrupts on the local CPU, and
- restore them. They are reentrant; if soft interrupts were
- disabled before, they will still be disabled after this pair
- of functions has been called. They prevent softirqs and tasklets
- from running on the current CPU.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-processorids">
- <title><function>smp_processor_id</function>()
- <filename class="headerfile">include/asm/smp.h</filename></title>
-
- <para>
- <function>get_cpu()</function> disables preemption (so you won't
- suddenly get moved to another CPU) and returns the current
- processor number, between 0 and <symbol>NR_CPUS</symbol>. Note
- that the CPU numbers are not necessarily continuous. You return
- it again with <function>put_cpu()</function> when you are done.
- </para>
- <para>
- If you know you cannot be preempted by another task (ie. you are
- in interrupt context, or have preemption disabled) you can use
- smp_processor_id().
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-init">
- <title><type>__init</type>/<type>__exit</type>/<type>__initdata</type>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/init.h</filename></title>
-
- <para>
- After boot, the kernel frees up a special section; functions
- marked with <type>__init</type> and data structures marked with
- <type>__initdata</type> are dropped after boot is complete: similarly
- modules discard this memory after initialization. <type>__exit</type>
- is used to declare a function which is only required on exit: the
- function will be dropped if this file is not compiled as a module.
- See the header file for use. Note that it makes no sense for a function
- marked with <type>__init</type> to be exported to modules with
- <function>EXPORT_SYMBOL()</function> - this will break.
- </para>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-init-again">
- <title><function>__initcall()</function>/<function>module_init()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/init.h</filename></title>
- <para>
- Many parts of the kernel are well served as a module
- (dynamically-loadable parts of the kernel). Using the
- <function>module_init()</function> and
- <function>module_exit()</function> macros it is easy to write code
- without #ifdefs which can operate both as a module or built into
- the kernel.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <function>module_init()</function> macro defines which
- function is to be called at module insertion time (if the file is
- compiled as a module), or at boot time: if the file is not
- compiled as a module the <function>module_init()</function> macro
- becomes equivalent to <function>__initcall()</function>, which
- through linker magic ensures that the function is called on boot.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The function can return a negative error number to cause
- module loading to fail (unfortunately, this has no effect if
- the module is compiled into the kernel). This function is
- called in user context with interrupts enabled, so it can sleep.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-moduleexit">
- <title> <function>module_exit()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/init.h</filename> </title>
-
- <para>
- This macro defines the function to be called at module removal
- time (or never, in the case of the file compiled into the
- kernel). It will only be called if the module usage count has
- reached zero. This function can also sleep, but cannot fail:
- everything must be cleaned up by the time it returns.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Note that this macro is optional: if it is not present, your
- module will not be removable (except for 'rmmod -f').
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="routines-module-use-counters">
- <title> <function>try_module_get()</function>/<function>module_put()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/module.h</filename></title>
-
- <para>
- These manipulate the module usage count, to protect against
- removal (a module also can't be removed if another module uses one
- of its exported symbols: see below). Before calling into module
- code, you should call <function>try_module_get()</function> on
- that module: if it fails, then the module is being removed and you
- should act as if it wasn't there. Otherwise, you can safely enter
- the module, and call <function>module_put()</function> when you're
- finished.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Most registerable structures have an
- <structfield>owner</structfield> field, such as in the
- <structname>file_operations</structname> structure. Set this field
- to the macro <symbol>THIS_MODULE</symbol>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <!-- add info on new-style module refcounting here -->
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="queues">
- <title>Wait Queues
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/wait.h</filename>
- </title>
- <para>
- <emphasis>[SLEEPS]</emphasis>
- </para>
-
- <para>
- A wait queue is used to wait for someone to wake you up when a
- certain condition is true. They must be used carefully to ensure
- there is no race condition. You declare a
- <type>wait_queue_head_t</type>, and then processes which want to
- wait for that condition declare a <type>wait_queue_t</type>
- referring to themselves, and place that in the queue.
- </para>
-
- <sect1 id="queue-declaring">
- <title>Declaring</title>
-
- <para>
- You declare a <type>wait_queue_head_t</type> using the
- <function>DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD()</function> macro, or using the
- <function>init_waitqueue_head()</function> routine in your
- initialization code.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="queue-waitqueue">
- <title>Queuing</title>
-
- <para>
- Placing yourself in the waitqueue is fairly complex, because you
- must put yourself in the queue before checking the condition.
- There is a macro to do this:
- <function>wait_event_interruptible()</function>
-
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/wait.h</filename> The
- first argument is the wait queue head, and the second is an
- expression which is evaluated; the macro returns
- <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> when this expression is true, or
- <returnvalue>-ERESTARTSYS</returnvalue> if a signal is received.
- The <function>wait_event()</function> version ignores signals.
- </para>
- <para>
- Do not use the <function>sleep_on()</function> function family -
- it is very easy to accidentally introduce races; almost certainly
- one of the <function>wait_event()</function> family will do, or a
- loop around <function>schedule_timeout()</function>. If you choose
- to loop around <function>schedule_timeout()</function> remember
- you must set the task state (with
- <function>set_current_state()</function>) on each iteration to avoid
- busy-looping.
- </para>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="queue-waking">
- <title>Waking Up Queued Tasks</title>
-
- <para>
- Call <function>wake_up()</function>
-
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/wait.h</filename>;,
- which will wake up every process in the queue. The exception is
- if one has <constant>TASK_EXCLUSIVE</constant> set, in which case
- the remainder of the queue will not be woken. There are other variants
- of this basic function available in the same header.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="atomic-ops">
- <title>Atomic Operations</title>
-
- <para>
- Certain operations are guaranteed atomic on all platforms. The
- first class of operations work on <type>atomic_t</type>
-
- <filename class="headerfile">include/asm/atomic.h</filename>; this
- contains a signed integer (at least 32 bits long), and you must use
- these functions to manipulate or read atomic_t variables.
- <function>atomic_read()</function> and
- <function>atomic_set()</function> get and set the counter,
- <function>atomic_add()</function>,
- <function>atomic_sub()</function>,
- <function>atomic_inc()</function>,
- <function>atomic_dec()</function>, and
- <function>atomic_dec_and_test()</function> (returns
- <returnvalue>true</returnvalue> if it was decremented to zero).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Yes. It returns <returnvalue>true</returnvalue> (i.e. != 0) if the
- atomic variable is zero.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Note that these functions are slower than normal arithmetic, and
- so should not be used unnecessarily.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The second class of atomic operations is atomic bit operations on an
- <type>unsigned long</type>, defined in
-
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/bitops.h</filename>. These
- operations generally take a pointer to the bit pattern, and a bit
- number: 0 is the least significant bit.
- <function>set_bit()</function>, <function>clear_bit()</function>
- and <function>change_bit()</function> set, clear, and flip the
- given bit. <function>test_and_set_bit()</function>,
- <function>test_and_clear_bit()</function> and
- <function>test_and_change_bit()</function> do the same thing,
- except return true if the bit was previously set; these are
- particularly useful for atomically setting flags.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- It is possible to call these operations with bit indices greater
- than BITS_PER_LONG. The resulting behavior is strange on big-endian
- platforms though so it is a good idea not to do this.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="symbols">
- <title>Symbols</title>
-
- <para>
- Within the kernel proper, the normal linking rules apply
- (ie. unless a symbol is declared to be file scope with the
- <type>static</type> keyword, it can be used anywhere in the
- kernel). However, for modules, a special exported symbol table is
- kept which limits the entry points to the kernel proper. Modules
- can also export symbols.
- </para>
-
- <sect1 id="sym-exportsymbols">
- <title><function>EXPORT_SYMBOL()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/module.h</filename></title>
-
- <para>
- This is the classic method of exporting a symbol: dynamically
- loaded modules will be able to use the symbol as normal.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="sym-exportsymbols-gpl">
- <title><function>EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL()</function>
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/module.h</filename></title>
-
- <para>
- Similar to <function>EXPORT_SYMBOL()</function> except that the
- symbols exported by <function>EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL()</function> can
- only be seen by modules with a
- <function>MODULE_LICENSE()</function> that specifies a GPL
- compatible license. It implies that the function is considered
- an internal implementation issue, and not really an interface.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="conventions">
- <title>Routines and Conventions</title>
-
- <sect1 id="conventions-doublelinkedlist">
- <title>Double-linked lists
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/list.h</filename></title>
-
- <para>
- There used to be three sets of linked-list routines in the kernel
- headers, but this one is the winner. If you don't have some
- particular pressing need for a single list, it's a good choice.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- In particular, <function>list_for_each_entry</function> is useful.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="convention-returns">
- <title>Return Conventions</title>
-
- <para>
- For code called in user context, it's very common to defy C
- convention, and return <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> for success,
- and a negative error number
- (eg. <returnvalue>-EFAULT</returnvalue>) for failure. This can be
- unintuitive at first, but it's fairly widespread in the kernel.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Using <function>ERR_PTR()</function>
-
- <filename class="headerfile">include/linux/err.h</filename>; to
- encode a negative error number into a pointer, and
- <function>IS_ERR()</function> and <function>PTR_ERR()</function>
- to get it back out again: avoids a separate pointer parameter for
- the error number. Icky, but in a good way.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="conventions-borkedcompile">
- <title>Breaking Compilation</title>
-
- <para>
- Linus and the other developers sometimes change function or
- structure names in development kernels; this is not done just to
- keep everyone on their toes: it reflects a fundamental change
- (eg. can no longer be called with interrupts on, or does extra
- checks, or doesn't do checks which were caught before). Usually
- this is accompanied by a fairly complete note to the linux-kernel
- mailing list; search the archive. Simply doing a global replace
- on the file usually makes things <emphasis>worse</emphasis>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="conventions-initialising">
- <title>Initializing structure members</title>
-
- <para>
- The preferred method of initializing structures is to use
- designated initialisers, as defined by ISO C99, eg:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static struct block_device_operations opt_fops = {
- .open = opt_open,
- .release = opt_release,
- .ioctl = opt_ioctl,
- .check_media_change = opt_media_change,
-};
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- This makes it easy to grep for, and makes it clear which
- structure fields are set. You should do this because it looks
- cool.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="conventions-gnu-extns">
- <title>GNU Extensions</title>
-
- <para>
- GNU Extensions are explicitly allowed in the Linux kernel.
- Note that some of the more complex ones are not very well
- supported, due to lack of general use, but the following are
- considered standard (see the GCC info page section "C
- Extensions" for more details - Yes, really the info page, the
- man page is only a short summary of the stuff in info).
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Inline functions
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Statement expressions (ie. the ({ and }) constructs).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Declaring attributes of a function / variable / type
- (__attribute__)
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- typeof
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Zero length arrays
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Macro varargs
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Arithmetic on void pointers
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Non-Constant initializers
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Assembler Instructions (not outside arch/ and include/asm/)
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Function names as strings (__FUNCTION__).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- __builtin_constant_p()
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- Be wary when using long long in the kernel, the code gcc generates for
- it is horrible and worse: division and multiplication does not work
- on i386 because the GCC runtime functions for it are missing from
- the kernel environment.
- </para>
-
- <!-- FIXME: add a note about ANSI aliasing cleanness -->
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="conventions-cplusplus">
- <title>C++</title>
-
- <para>
- Using C++ in the kernel is usually a bad idea, because the
- kernel does not provide the necessary runtime environment
- and the include files are not tested for it. It is still
- possible, but not recommended. If you really want to do
- this, forget about exceptions at least.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="conventions-ifdef">
- <title>&num;if</title>
-
- <para>
- It is generally considered cleaner to use macros in header files
- (or at the top of .c files) to abstract away functions rather than
- using `#if' pre-processor statements throughout the source code.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="submitting">
- <title>Putting Your Stuff in the Kernel</title>
-
- <para>
- In order to get your stuff into shape for official inclusion, or
- even to make a neat patch, there's administrative work to be
- done:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Figure out whose pond you've been pissing in. Look at the top of
- the source files, inside the <filename>MAINTAINERS</filename>
- file, and last of all in the <filename>CREDITS</filename> file.
- You should coordinate with this person to make sure you're not
- duplicating effort, or trying something that's already been
- rejected.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Make sure you put your name and EMail address at the top of
- any files you create or mangle significantly. This is the
- first place people will look when they find a bug, or when
- <emphasis>they</emphasis> want to make a change.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Usually you want a configuration option for your kernel hack.
- Edit <filename>Kconfig</filename> in the appropriate directory.
- The Config language is simple to use by cut and paste, and there's
- complete documentation in
- <filename>Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt</filename>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You may well want to make your CONFIG option only visible if
- <symbol>CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL</symbol> is enabled: this serves as a
- warning to users. There many other fancy things you can do: see
- the various <filename>Kconfig</filename> files for ideas.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- In your description of the option, make sure you address both the
- expert user and the user who knows nothing about your feature. Mention
- incompatibilities and issues here. <emphasis> Definitely
- </emphasis> end your description with <quote> if in doubt, say N
- </quote> (or, occasionally, `Y'); this is for people who have no
- idea what you are talking about.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Edit the <filename>Makefile</filename>: the CONFIG variables are
- exported here so you can usually just add a "obj-$(CONFIG_xxx) +=
- xxx.o" line. The syntax is documented in
- <filename>Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt</filename>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Put yourself in <filename>CREDITS</filename> if you've done
- something noteworthy, usually beyond a single file (your name
- should be at the top of the source files anyway).
- <filename>MAINTAINERS</filename> means you want to be consulted
- when changes are made to a subsystem, and hear about bugs; it
- implies a more-than-passing commitment to some part of the code.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Finally, don't forget to read <filename>Documentation/SubmittingPatches</filename>
- and possibly <filename>Documentation/SubmittingDrivers</filename>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="cantrips">
- <title>Kernel Cantrips</title>
-
- <para>
- Some favorites from browsing the source. Feel free to add to this
- list.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- <filename>include/asm-x86/delay_32.h:</filename>
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-#define ndelay(n) (__builtin_constant_p(n) ? \
- ((n) > 20000 ? __bad_ndelay() : __const_udelay((n) * 5ul)) : \
- __ndelay(n))
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- <filename>include/linux/fs.h</filename>:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-/*
- * Kernel pointers have redundant information, so we can use a
- * scheme where we can return either an error code or a dentry
- * pointer with the same return value.
- *
- * This should be a per-architecture thing, to allow different
- * error and pointer decisions.
- */
- #define ERR_PTR(err) ((void *)((long)(err)))
- #define PTR_ERR(ptr) ((long)(ptr))
- #define IS_ERR(ptr) ((unsigned long)(ptr) > (unsigned long)(-1000))
-</programlisting>
-
- <para>
- <filename>include/asm-x86/uaccess_32.h:</filename>
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-#define copy_to_user(to,from,n) \
- (__builtin_constant_p(n) ? \
- __constant_copy_to_user((to),(from),(n)) : \
- __generic_copy_to_user((to),(from),(n)))
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- <filename>arch/sparc/kernel/head.S:</filename>
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-/*
- * Sun people can't spell worth damn. "compatability" indeed.
- * At least we *know* we can't spell, and use a spell-checker.
- */
-
-/* Uh, actually Linus it is I who cannot spell. Too much murky
- * Sparc assembly will do this to ya.
- */
-C_LABEL(cputypvar):
- .asciz "compatability"
-
-/* Tested on SS-5, SS-10. Probably someone at Sun applied a spell-checker. */
- .align 4
-C_LABEL(cputypvar_sun4m):
- .asciz "compatible"
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- <filename>arch/sparc/lib/checksum.S:</filename>
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
- /* Sun, you just can't beat me, you just can't. Stop trying,
- * give up. I'm serious, I am going to kick the living shit
- * out of you, game over, lights out.
- */
- </programlisting>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="credits">
- <title>Thanks</title>
-
- <para>
- Thanks to Andi Kleen for the idea, answering my questions, fixing
- my mistakes, filling content, etc. Philipp Rumpf for more spelling
- and clarity fixes, and some excellent non-obvious points. Werner
- Almesberger for giving me a great summary of
- <function>disable_irq()</function>, and Jes Sorensen and Andrea
- Arcangeli added caveats. Michael Elizabeth Chastain for checking
- and adding to the Configure section. <!-- Rusty insisted on this
- bit; I didn't do it! --> Telsa Gwynne for teaching me DocBook.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-</book>
-
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 084f6ad7b7a0..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2143 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="LKLockingGuide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Unreliable Guide To Locking</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Rusty</firstname>
- <surname>Russell</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>rusty@rustcorp.com.au</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2003</year>
- <holder>Rusty Russell</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
- <toc></toc>
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- Welcome, to Rusty's Remarkably Unreliable Guide to Kernel
- Locking issues. This document describes the locking systems in
- the Linux Kernel in 2.6.
- </para>
- <para>
- With the wide availability of HyperThreading, and <firstterm
- linkend="gloss-preemption">preemption </firstterm> in the Linux
- Kernel, everyone hacking on the kernel needs to know the
- fundamentals of concurrency and locking for
- <firstterm linkend="gloss-smp"><acronym>SMP</acronym></firstterm>.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="races">
- <title>The Problem With Concurrency</title>
- <para>
- (Skip this if you know what a Race Condition is).
- </para>
- <para>
- In a normal program, you can increment a counter like so:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
- very_important_count++;
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- This is what they would expect to happen:
- </para>
-
- <table>
- <title>Expected Results</title>
-
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
-
- <thead>
- <row>
- <entry>Instance 1</entry>
- <entry>Instance 2</entry>
- </row>
- </thead>
-
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>read very_important_count (5)</entry>
- <entry></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>add 1 (6)</entry>
- <entry></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>write very_important_count (6)</entry>
- <entry></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry></entry>
- <entry>read very_important_count (6)</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry></entry>
- <entry>add 1 (7)</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry></entry>
- <entry>write very_important_count (7)</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
-
- </tgroup>
- </table>
-
- <para>
- This is what might happen:
- </para>
-
- <table>
- <title>Possible Results</title>
-
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <thead>
- <row>
- <entry>Instance 1</entry>
- <entry>Instance 2</entry>
- </row>
- </thead>
-
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>read very_important_count (5)</entry>
- <entry></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry></entry>
- <entry>read very_important_count (5)</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>add 1 (6)</entry>
- <entry></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry></entry>
- <entry>add 1 (6)</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>write very_important_count (6)</entry>
- <entry></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry></entry>
- <entry>write very_important_count (6)</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
-
- <sect1 id="race-condition">
- <title>Race Conditions and Critical Regions</title>
- <para>
- This overlap, where the result depends on the
- relative timing of multiple tasks, is called a <firstterm>race condition</firstterm>.
- The piece of code containing the concurrency issue is called a
- <firstterm>critical region</firstterm>. And especially since Linux starting running
- on SMP machines, they became one of the major issues in kernel
- design and implementation.
- </para>
- <para>
- Preemption can have the same effect, even if there is only one
- CPU: by preempting one task during the critical region, we have
- exactly the same race condition. In this case the thread which
- preempts might run the critical region itself.
- </para>
- <para>
- The solution is to recognize when these simultaneous accesses
- occur, and use locks to make sure that only one instance can
- enter the critical region at any time. There are many
- friendly primitives in the Linux kernel to help you do this.
- And then there are the unfriendly primitives, but I'll pretend
- they don't exist.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="locks">
- <title>Locking in the Linux Kernel</title>
-
- <para>
- If I could give you one piece of advice: never sleep with anyone
- crazier than yourself. But if I had to give you advice on
- locking: <emphasis>keep it simple</emphasis>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Be reluctant to introduce new locks.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Strangely enough, this last one is the exact reverse of my advice when
- you <emphasis>have</emphasis> slept with someone crazier than yourself.
- And you should think about getting a big dog.
- </para>
-
- <sect1 id="lock-intro">
- <title>Two Main Types of Kernel Locks: Spinlocks and Mutexes</title>
-
- <para>
- There are two main types of kernel locks. The fundamental type
- is the spinlock
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/asm/spinlock.h</filename>),
- which is a very simple single-holder lock: if you can't get the
- spinlock, you keep trying (spinning) until you can. Spinlocks are
- very small and fast, and can be used anywhere.
- </para>
- <para>
- The second type is a mutex
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/linux/mutex.h</filename>): it
- is like a spinlock, but you may block holding a mutex.
- If you can't lock a mutex, your task will suspend itself, and be woken
- up when the mutex is released. This means the CPU can do something
- else while you are waiting. There are many cases when you simply
- can't sleep (see <xref linkend="sleeping-things"/>), and so have to
- use a spinlock instead.
- </para>
- <para>
- Neither type of lock is recursive: see
- <xref linkend="deadlock"/>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="uniprocessor">
- <title>Locks and Uniprocessor Kernels</title>
-
- <para>
- For kernels compiled without <symbol>CONFIG_SMP</symbol>, and
- without <symbol>CONFIG_PREEMPT</symbol> spinlocks do not exist at
- all. This is an excellent design decision: when no-one else can
- run at the same time, there is no reason to have a lock.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If the kernel is compiled without <symbol>CONFIG_SMP</symbol>,
- but <symbol>CONFIG_PREEMPT</symbol> is set, then spinlocks
- simply disable preemption, which is sufficient to prevent any
- races. For most purposes, we can think of preemption as
- equivalent to SMP, and not worry about it separately.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should always test your locking code with <symbol>CONFIG_SMP</symbol>
- and <symbol>CONFIG_PREEMPT</symbol> enabled, even if you don't have an SMP test box, because it
- will still catch some kinds of locking bugs.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Mutexes still exist, because they are required for
- synchronization between <firstterm linkend="gloss-usercontext">user
- contexts</firstterm>, as we will see below.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="usercontextlocking">
- <title>Locking Only In User Context</title>
-
- <para>
- If you have a data structure which is only ever accessed from
- user context, then you can use a simple mutex
- (<filename>include/linux/mutex.h</filename>) to protect it. This
- is the most trivial case: you initialize the mutex. Then you can
- call <function>mutex_lock_interruptible()</function> to grab the mutex,
- and <function>mutex_unlock()</function> to release it. There is also a
- <function>mutex_lock()</function>, which should be avoided, because it
- will not return if a signal is received.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Example: <filename>net/netfilter/nf_sockopt.c</filename> allows
- registration of new <function>setsockopt()</function> and
- <function>getsockopt()</function> calls, with
- <function>nf_register_sockopt()</function>. Registration and
- de-registration are only done on module load and unload (and boot
- time, where there is no concurrency), and the list of registrations
- is only consulted for an unknown <function>setsockopt()</function>
- or <function>getsockopt()</function> system call. The
- <varname>nf_sockopt_mutex</varname> is perfect to protect this,
- especially since the setsockopt and getsockopt calls may well
- sleep.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="lock-user-bh">
- <title>Locking Between User Context and Softirqs</title>
-
- <para>
- If a <firstterm linkend="gloss-softirq">softirq</firstterm> shares
- data with user context, you have two problems. Firstly, the current
- user context can be interrupted by a softirq, and secondly, the
- critical region could be entered from another CPU. This is where
- <function>spin_lock_bh()</function>
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/linux/spinlock.h</filename>) is
- used. It disables softirqs on that CPU, then grabs the lock.
- <function>spin_unlock_bh()</function> does the reverse. (The
- '_bh' suffix is a historical reference to "Bottom Halves", the
- old name for software interrupts. It should really be
- called spin_lock_softirq()' in a perfect world).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Note that you can also use <function>spin_lock_irq()</function>
- or <function>spin_lock_irqsave()</function> here, which stop
- hardware interrupts as well: see <xref linkend="hardirq-context"/>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This works perfectly for <firstterm linkend="gloss-up"><acronym>UP
- </acronym></firstterm> as well: the spin lock vanishes, and this macro
- simply becomes <function>local_bh_disable()</function>
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/linux/interrupt.h</filename>), which
- protects you from the softirq being run.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="lock-user-tasklet">
- <title>Locking Between User Context and Tasklets</title>
-
- <para>
- This is exactly the same as above, because <firstterm
- linkend="gloss-tasklet">tasklets</firstterm> are actually run
- from a softirq.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="lock-user-timers">
- <title>Locking Between User Context and Timers</title>
-
- <para>
- This, too, is exactly the same as above, because <firstterm
- linkend="gloss-timers">timers</firstterm> are actually run from
- a softirq. From a locking point of view, tasklets and timers
- are identical.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="lock-tasklets">
- <title>Locking Between Tasklets/Timers</title>
-
- <para>
- Sometimes a tasklet or timer might want to share data with
- another tasklet or timer.
- </para>
-
- <sect2 id="lock-tasklets-same">
- <title>The Same Tasklet/Timer</title>
- <para>
- Since a tasklet is never run on two CPUs at once, you don't
- need to worry about your tasklet being reentrant (running
- twice at once), even on SMP.
- </para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="lock-tasklets-different">
- <title>Different Tasklets/Timers</title>
- <para>
- If another tasklet/timer wants
- to share data with your tasklet or timer , you will both need to use
- <function>spin_lock()</function> and
- <function>spin_unlock()</function> calls.
- <function>spin_lock_bh()</function> is
- unnecessary here, as you are already in a tasklet, and
- none will be run on the same CPU.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="lock-softirqs">
- <title>Locking Between Softirqs</title>
-
- <para>
- Often a softirq might
- want to share data with itself or a tasklet/timer.
- </para>
-
- <sect2 id="lock-softirqs-same">
- <title>The Same Softirq</title>
-
- <para>
- The same softirq can run on the other CPUs: you can use a
- per-CPU array (see <xref linkend="per-cpu"/>) for better
- performance. If you're going so far as to use a softirq,
- you probably care about scalable performance enough
- to justify the extra complexity.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You'll need to use <function>spin_lock()</function> and
- <function>spin_unlock()</function> for shared data.
- </para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="lock-softirqs-different">
- <title>Different Softirqs</title>
-
- <para>
- You'll need to use <function>spin_lock()</function> and
- <function>spin_unlock()</function> for shared data, whether it
- be a timer, tasklet, different softirq or the same or another
- softirq: any of them could be running on a different CPU.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="hardirq-context">
- <title>Hard IRQ Context</title>
-
- <para>
- Hardware interrupts usually communicate with a
- tasklet or softirq. Frequently this involves putting work in a
- queue, which the softirq will take out.
- </para>
-
- <sect1 id="hardirq-softirq">
- <title>Locking Between Hard IRQ and Softirqs/Tasklets</title>
-
- <para>
- If a hardware irq handler shares data with a softirq, you have
- two concerns. Firstly, the softirq processing can be
- interrupted by a hardware interrupt, and secondly, the
- critical region could be entered by a hardware interrupt on
- another CPU. This is where <function>spin_lock_irq()</function> is
- used. It is defined to disable interrupts on that cpu, then grab
- the lock. <function>spin_unlock_irq()</function> does the reverse.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The irq handler does not to use
- <function>spin_lock_irq()</function>, because the softirq cannot
- run while the irq handler is running: it can use
- <function>spin_lock()</function>, which is slightly faster. The
- only exception would be if a different hardware irq handler uses
- the same lock: <function>spin_lock_irq()</function> will stop
- that from interrupting us.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This works perfectly for UP as well: the spin lock vanishes,
- and this macro simply becomes <function>local_irq_disable()</function>
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/asm/smp.h</filename>), which
- protects you from the softirq/tasklet/BH being run.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- <function>spin_lock_irqsave()</function>
- (<filename>include/linux/spinlock.h</filename>) is a variant
- which saves whether interrupts were on or off in a flags word,
- which is passed to <function>spin_unlock_irqrestore()</function>. This
- means that the same code can be used inside an hard irq handler (where
- interrupts are already off) and in softirqs (where the irq
- disabling is required).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Note that softirqs (and hence tasklets and timers) are run on
- return from hardware interrupts, so
- <function>spin_lock_irq()</function> also stops these. In that
- sense, <function>spin_lock_irqsave()</function> is the most
- general and powerful locking function.
- </para>
-
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="hardirq-hardirq">
- <title>Locking Between Two Hard IRQ Handlers</title>
- <para>
- It is rare to have to share data between two IRQ handlers, but
- if you do, <function>spin_lock_irqsave()</function> should be
- used: it is architecture-specific whether all interrupts are
- disabled inside irq handlers themselves.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="cheatsheet">
- <title>Cheat Sheet For Locking</title>
- <para>
- Pete Zaitcev gives the following summary:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- If you are in a process context (any syscall) and want to
- lock other process out, use a mutex. You can take a mutex
- and sleep (<function>copy_from_user*(</function> or
- <function>kmalloc(x,GFP_KERNEL)</function>).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Otherwise (== data can be touched in an interrupt), use
- <function>spin_lock_irqsave()</function> and
- <function>spin_unlock_irqrestore()</function>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Avoid holding spinlock for more than 5 lines of code and
- across any function call (except accessors like
- <function>readb</function>).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <sect1 id="minimum-lock-reqirements">
- <title>Table of Minimum Requirements</title>
-
- <para> The following table lists the <emphasis>minimum</emphasis>
- locking requirements between various contexts. In some cases,
- the same context can only be running on one CPU at a time, so
- no locking is required for that context (eg. a particular
- thread can only run on one CPU at a time, but if it needs
- shares data with another thread, locking is required).
- </para>
- <para>
- Remember the advice above: you can always use
- <function>spin_lock_irqsave()</function>, which is a superset
- of all other spinlock primitives.
- </para>
-
- <table>
-<title>Table of Locking Requirements</title>
-<tgroup cols="11">
-<tbody>
-
-<row>
-<entry></entry>
-<entry>IRQ Handler A</entry>
-<entry>IRQ Handler B</entry>
-<entry>Softirq A</entry>
-<entry>Softirq B</entry>
-<entry>Tasklet A</entry>
-<entry>Tasklet B</entry>
-<entry>Timer A</entry>
-<entry>Timer B</entry>
-<entry>User Context A</entry>
-<entry>User Context B</entry>
-</row>
-
-<row>
-<entry>IRQ Handler A</entry>
-<entry>None</entry>
-</row>
-
-<row>
-<entry>IRQ Handler B</entry>
-<entry>SLIS</entry>
-<entry>None</entry>
-</row>
-
-<row>
-<entry>Softirq A</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-</row>
-
-<row>
-<entry>Softirq B</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-</row>
-
-<row>
-<entry>Tasklet A</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>None</entry>
-</row>
-
-<row>
-<entry>Tasklet B</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>None</entry>
-</row>
-
-<row>
-<entry>Timer A</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>None</entry>
-</row>
-
-<row>
-<entry>Timer B</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>None</entry>
-</row>
-
-<row>
-<entry>User Context A</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>None</entry>
-</row>
-
-<row>
-<entry>User Context B</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>MLI</entry>
-<entry>None</entry>
-</row>
-
-</tbody>
-</tgroup>
-</table>
-
- <table>
-<title>Legend for Locking Requirements Table</title>
-<tgroup cols="2">
-<tbody>
-
-<row>
-<entry>SLIS</entry>
-<entry>spin_lock_irqsave</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>SLI</entry>
-<entry>spin_lock_irq</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>SL</entry>
-<entry>spin_lock</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>SLBH</entry>
-<entry>spin_lock_bh</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>MLI</entry>
-<entry>mutex_lock_interruptible</entry>
-</row>
-
-</tbody>
-</tgroup>
-</table>
-
-</sect1>
-</chapter>
-
-<chapter id="trylock-functions">
- <title>The trylock Functions</title>
- <para>
- There are functions that try to acquire a lock only once and immediately
- return a value telling about success or failure to acquire the lock.
- They can be used if you need no access to the data protected with the lock
- when some other thread is holding the lock. You should acquire the lock
- later if you then need access to the data protected with the lock.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- <function>spin_trylock()</function> does not spin but returns non-zero if
- it acquires the spinlock on the first try or 0 if not. This function can
- be used in all contexts like <function>spin_lock</function>: you must have
- disabled the contexts that might interrupt you and acquire the spin lock.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- <function>mutex_trylock()</function> does not suspend your task
- but returns non-zero if it could lock the mutex on the first try
- or 0 if not. This function cannot be safely used in hardware or software
- interrupt contexts despite not sleeping.
- </para>
-</chapter>
-
- <chapter id="Examples">
- <title>Common Examples</title>
- <para>
-Let's step through a simple example: a cache of number to name
-mappings. The cache keeps a count of how often each of the objects is
-used, and when it gets full, throws out the least used one.
-
- </para>
-
- <sect1 id="examples-usercontext">
- <title>All In User Context</title>
- <para>
-For our first example, we assume that all operations are in user
-context (ie. from system calls), so we can sleep. This means we can
-use a mutex to protect the cache and all the objects within
-it. Here's the code:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-#include &lt;linux/list.h&gt;
-#include &lt;linux/slab.h&gt;
-#include &lt;linux/string.h&gt;
-#include &lt;linux/mutex.h&gt;
-#include &lt;asm/errno.h&gt;
-
-struct object
-{
- struct list_head list;
- int id;
- char name[32];
- int popularity;
-};
-
-/* Protects the cache, cache_num, and the objects within it */
-static DEFINE_MUTEX(cache_lock);
-static LIST_HEAD(cache);
-static unsigned int cache_num = 0;
-#define MAX_CACHE_SIZE 10
-
-/* Must be holding cache_lock */
-static struct object *__cache_find(int id)
-{
- struct object *i;
-
- list_for_each_entry(i, &amp;cache, list)
- if (i-&gt;id == id) {
- i-&gt;popularity++;
- return i;
- }
- return NULL;
-}
-
-/* Must be holding cache_lock */
-static void __cache_delete(struct object *obj)
-{
- BUG_ON(!obj);
- list_del(&amp;obj-&gt;list);
- kfree(obj);
- cache_num--;
-}
-
-/* Must be holding cache_lock */
-static void __cache_add(struct object *obj)
-{
- list_add(&amp;obj-&gt;list, &amp;cache);
- if (++cache_num > MAX_CACHE_SIZE) {
- struct object *i, *outcast = NULL;
- list_for_each_entry(i, &amp;cache, list) {
- if (!outcast || i-&gt;popularity &lt; outcast-&gt;popularity)
- outcast = i;
- }
- __cache_delete(outcast);
- }
-}
-
-int cache_add(int id, const char *name)
-{
- struct object *obj;
-
- if ((obj = kmalloc(sizeof(*obj), GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)
- return -ENOMEM;
-
- strlcpy(obj-&gt;name, name, sizeof(obj-&gt;name));
- obj-&gt;id = id;
- obj-&gt;popularity = 0;
-
- mutex_lock(&amp;cache_lock);
- __cache_add(obj);
- mutex_unlock(&amp;cache_lock);
- return 0;
-}
-
-void cache_delete(int id)
-{
- mutex_lock(&amp;cache_lock);
- __cache_delete(__cache_find(id));
- mutex_unlock(&amp;cache_lock);
-}
-
-int cache_find(int id, char *name)
-{
- struct object *obj;
- int ret = -ENOENT;
-
- mutex_lock(&amp;cache_lock);
- obj = __cache_find(id);
- if (obj) {
- ret = 0;
- strcpy(name, obj-&gt;name);
- }
- mutex_unlock(&amp;cache_lock);
- return ret;
-}
-</programlisting>
-
- <para>
-Note that we always make sure we have the cache_lock when we add,
-delete, or look up the cache: both the cache infrastructure itself and
-the contents of the objects are protected by the lock. In this case
-it's easy, since we copy the data for the user, and never let them
-access the objects directly.
- </para>
- <para>
-There is a slight (and common) optimization here: in
-<function>cache_add</function> we set up the fields of the object
-before grabbing the lock. This is safe, as no-one else can access it
-until we put it in cache.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="examples-interrupt">
- <title>Accessing From Interrupt Context</title>
- <para>
-Now consider the case where <function>cache_find</function> can be
-called from interrupt context: either a hardware interrupt or a
-softirq. An example would be a timer which deletes object from the
-cache.
- </para>
- <para>
-The change is shown below, in standard patch format: the
-<symbol>-</symbol> are lines which are taken away, and the
-<symbol>+</symbol> are lines which are added.
- </para>
-<programlisting>
---- cache.c.usercontext 2003-12-09 13:58:54.000000000 +1100
-+++ cache.c.interrupt 2003-12-09 14:07:49.000000000 +1100
-@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
- int popularity;
- };
-
--static DEFINE_MUTEX(cache_lock);
-+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cache_lock);
- static LIST_HEAD(cache);
- static unsigned int cache_num = 0;
- #define MAX_CACHE_SIZE 10
-@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
- int cache_add(int id, const char *name)
- {
- struct object *obj;
-+ unsigned long flags;
-
- if ((obj = kmalloc(sizeof(*obj), GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)
- return -ENOMEM;
-@@ -63,30 +64,33 @@
- obj-&gt;id = id;
- obj-&gt;popularity = 0;
-
-- mutex_lock(&amp;cache_lock);
-+ spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- __cache_add(obj);
-- mutex_unlock(&amp;cache_lock);
-+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- return 0;
- }
-
- void cache_delete(int id)
- {
-- mutex_lock(&amp;cache_lock);
-+ unsigned long flags;
-+
-+ spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- __cache_delete(__cache_find(id));
-- mutex_unlock(&amp;cache_lock);
-+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- }
-
- int cache_find(int id, char *name)
- {
- struct object *obj;
- int ret = -ENOENT;
-+ unsigned long flags;
-
-- mutex_lock(&amp;cache_lock);
-+ spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- obj = __cache_find(id);
- if (obj) {
- ret = 0;
- strcpy(name, obj-&gt;name);
- }
-- mutex_unlock(&amp;cache_lock);
-+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- return ret;
- }
-</programlisting>
-
- <para>
-Note that the <function>spin_lock_irqsave</function> will turn off
-interrupts if they are on, otherwise does nothing (if we are already
-in an interrupt handler), hence these functions are safe to call from
-any context.
- </para>
- <para>
-Unfortunately, <function>cache_add</function> calls
-<function>kmalloc</function> with the <symbol>GFP_KERNEL</symbol>
-flag, which is only legal in user context. I have assumed that
-<function>cache_add</function> is still only called in user context,
-otherwise this should become a parameter to
-<function>cache_add</function>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="examples-refcnt">
- <title>Exposing Objects Outside This File</title>
- <para>
-If our objects contained more information, it might not be sufficient
-to copy the information in and out: other parts of the code might want
-to keep pointers to these objects, for example, rather than looking up
-the id every time. This produces two problems.
- </para>
- <para>
-The first problem is that we use the <symbol>cache_lock</symbol> to
-protect objects: we'd need to make this non-static so the rest of the
-code can use it. This makes locking trickier, as it is no longer all
-in one place.
- </para>
- <para>
-The second problem is the lifetime problem: if another structure keeps
-a pointer to an object, it presumably expects that pointer to remain
-valid. Unfortunately, this is only guaranteed while you hold the
-lock, otherwise someone might call <function>cache_delete</function>
-and even worse, add another object, re-using the same address.
- </para>
- <para>
-As there is only one lock, you can't hold it forever: no-one else would
-get any work done.
- </para>
- <para>
-The solution to this problem is to use a reference count: everyone who
-has a pointer to the object increases it when they first get the
-object, and drops the reference count when they're finished with it.
-Whoever drops it to zero knows it is unused, and can actually delete it.
- </para>
- <para>
-Here is the code:
- </para>
-
-<programlisting>
---- cache.c.interrupt 2003-12-09 14:25:43.000000000 +1100
-+++ cache.c.refcnt 2003-12-09 14:33:05.000000000 +1100
-@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
- struct object
- {
- struct list_head list;
-+ unsigned int refcnt;
- int id;
- char name[32];
- int popularity;
-@@ -17,6 +18,35 @@
- static unsigned int cache_num = 0;
- #define MAX_CACHE_SIZE 10
-
-+static void __object_put(struct object *obj)
-+{
-+ if (--obj-&gt;refcnt == 0)
-+ kfree(obj);
-+}
-+
-+static void __object_get(struct object *obj)
-+{
-+ obj-&gt;refcnt++;
-+}
-+
-+void object_put(struct object *obj)
-+{
-+ unsigned long flags;
-+
-+ spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-+ __object_put(obj);
-+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-+}
-+
-+void object_get(struct object *obj)
-+{
-+ unsigned long flags;
-+
-+ spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-+ __object_get(obj);
-+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-+}
-+
- /* Must be holding cache_lock */
- static struct object *__cache_find(int id)
- {
-@@ -35,6 +65,7 @@
- {
- BUG_ON(!obj);
- list_del(&amp;obj-&gt;list);
-+ __object_put(obj);
- cache_num--;
- }
-
-@@ -63,6 +94,7 @@
- strlcpy(obj-&gt;name, name, sizeof(obj-&gt;name));
- obj-&gt;id = id;
- obj-&gt;popularity = 0;
-+ obj-&gt;refcnt = 1; /* The cache holds a reference */
-
- spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- __cache_add(obj);
-@@ -79,18 +111,15 @@
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- }
-
--int cache_find(int id, char *name)
-+struct object *cache_find(int id)
- {
- struct object *obj;
-- int ret = -ENOENT;
- unsigned long flags;
-
- spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- obj = __cache_find(id);
-- if (obj) {
-- ret = 0;
-- strcpy(name, obj-&gt;name);
-- }
-+ if (obj)
-+ __object_get(obj);
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-- return ret;
-+ return obj;
- }
-</programlisting>
-
-<para>
-We encapsulate the reference counting in the standard 'get' and 'put'
-functions. Now we can return the object itself from
-<function>cache_find</function> which has the advantage that the user
-can now sleep holding the object (eg. to
-<function>copy_to_user</function> to name to userspace).
-</para>
-<para>
-The other point to note is that I said a reference should be held for
-every pointer to the object: thus the reference count is 1 when first
-inserted into the cache. In some versions the framework does not hold
-a reference count, but they are more complicated.
-</para>
-
- <sect2 id="examples-refcnt-atomic">
- <title>Using Atomic Operations For The Reference Count</title>
-<para>
-In practice, <type>atomic_t</type> would usually be used for
-<structfield>refcnt</structfield>. There are a number of atomic
-operations defined in
-
-<filename class="headerfile">include/asm/atomic.h</filename>: these are
-guaranteed to be seen atomically from all CPUs in the system, so no
-lock is required. In this case, it is simpler than using spinlocks,
-although for anything non-trivial using spinlocks is clearer. The
-<function>atomic_inc</function> and
-<function>atomic_dec_and_test</function> are used instead of the
-standard increment and decrement operators, and the lock is no longer
-used to protect the reference count itself.
-</para>
-
-<programlisting>
---- cache.c.refcnt 2003-12-09 15:00:35.000000000 +1100
-+++ cache.c.refcnt-atomic 2003-12-11 15:49:42.000000000 +1100
-@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
- struct object
- {
- struct list_head list;
-- unsigned int refcnt;
-+ atomic_t refcnt;
- int id;
- char name[32];
- int popularity;
-@@ -18,33 +18,15 @@
- static unsigned int cache_num = 0;
- #define MAX_CACHE_SIZE 10
-
--static void __object_put(struct object *obj)
--{
-- if (--obj-&gt;refcnt == 0)
-- kfree(obj);
--}
--
--static void __object_get(struct object *obj)
--{
-- obj-&gt;refcnt++;
--}
--
- void object_put(struct object *obj)
- {
-- unsigned long flags;
--
-- spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-- __object_put(obj);
-- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-+ if (atomic_dec_and_test(&amp;obj-&gt;refcnt))
-+ kfree(obj);
- }
-
- void object_get(struct object *obj)
- {
-- unsigned long flags;
--
-- spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-- __object_get(obj);
-- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-+ atomic_inc(&amp;obj-&gt;refcnt);
- }
-
- /* Must be holding cache_lock */
-@@ -65,7 +47,7 @@
- {
- BUG_ON(!obj);
- list_del(&amp;obj-&gt;list);
-- __object_put(obj);
-+ object_put(obj);
- cache_num--;
- }
-
-@@ -94,7 +76,7 @@
- strlcpy(obj-&gt;name, name, sizeof(obj-&gt;name));
- obj-&gt;id = id;
- obj-&gt;popularity = 0;
-- obj-&gt;refcnt = 1; /* The cache holds a reference */
-+ atomic_set(&amp;obj-&gt;refcnt, 1); /* The cache holds a reference */
-
- spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- __cache_add(obj);
-@@ -119,7 +101,7 @@
- spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- obj = __cache_find(id);
- if (obj)
-- __object_get(obj);
-+ object_get(obj);
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- return obj;
- }
-</programlisting>
-</sect2>
-</sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="examples-lock-per-obj">
- <title>Protecting The Objects Themselves</title>
- <para>
-In these examples, we assumed that the objects (except the reference
-counts) never changed once they are created. If we wanted to allow
-the name to change, there are three possibilities:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
-You can make <symbol>cache_lock</symbol> non-static, and tell people
-to grab that lock before changing the name in any object.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
-You can provide a <function>cache_obj_rename</function> which grabs
-this lock and changes the name for the caller, and tell everyone to
-use that function.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
-You can make the <symbol>cache_lock</symbol> protect only the cache
-itself, and use another lock to protect the name.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
-Theoretically, you can make the locks as fine-grained as one lock for
-every field, for every object. In practice, the most common variants
-are:
-</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
-One lock which protects the infrastructure (the <symbol>cache</symbol>
-list in this example) and all the objects. This is what we have done
-so far.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
-One lock which protects the infrastructure (including the list
-pointers inside the objects), and one lock inside the object which
-protects the rest of that object.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
-Multiple locks to protect the infrastructure (eg. one lock per hash
-chain), possibly with a separate per-object lock.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
-<para>
-Here is the "lock-per-object" implementation:
-</para>
-<programlisting>
---- cache.c.refcnt-atomic 2003-12-11 15:50:54.000000000 +1100
-+++ cache.c.perobjectlock 2003-12-11 17:15:03.000000000 +1100
-@@ -6,11 +6,17 @@
-
- struct object
- {
-+ /* These two protected by cache_lock. */
- struct list_head list;
-+ int popularity;
-+
- atomic_t refcnt;
-+
-+ /* Doesn't change once created. */
- int id;
-+
-+ spinlock_t lock; /* Protects the name */
- char name[32];
-- int popularity;
- };
-
- static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cache_lock);
-@@ -77,6 +84,7 @@
- obj-&gt;id = id;
- obj-&gt;popularity = 0;
- atomic_set(&amp;obj-&gt;refcnt, 1); /* The cache holds a reference */
-+ spin_lock_init(&amp;obj-&gt;lock);
-
- spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- __cache_add(obj);
-</programlisting>
-
-<para>
-Note that I decide that the <structfield>popularity</structfield>
-count should be protected by the <symbol>cache_lock</symbol> rather
-than the per-object lock: this is because it (like the
-<structname>struct list_head</structname> inside the object) is
-logically part of the infrastructure. This way, I don't need to grab
-the lock of every object in <function>__cache_add</function> when
-seeking the least popular.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-I also decided that the <structfield>id</structfield> member is
-unchangeable, so I don't need to grab each object lock in
-<function>__cache_find()</function> to examine the
-<structfield>id</structfield>: the object lock is only used by a
-caller who wants to read or write the <structfield>name</structfield>
-field.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Note also that I added a comment describing what data was protected by
-which locks. This is extremely important, as it describes the runtime
-behavior of the code, and can be hard to gain from just reading. And
-as Alan Cox says, <quote>Lock data, not code</quote>.
-</para>
-</sect1>
-</chapter>
-
- <chapter id="common-problems">
- <title>Common Problems</title>
- <sect1 id="deadlock">
- <title>Deadlock: Simple and Advanced</title>
-
- <para>
- There is a coding bug where a piece of code tries to grab a
- spinlock twice: it will spin forever, waiting for the lock to
- be released (spinlocks, rwlocks and mutexes are not
- recursive in Linux). This is trivial to diagnose: not a
- stay-up-five-nights-talk-to-fluffy-code-bunnies kind of
- problem.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For a slightly more complex case, imagine you have a region
- shared by a softirq and user context. If you use a
- <function>spin_lock()</function> call to protect it, it is
- possible that the user context will be interrupted by the softirq
- while it holds the lock, and the softirq will then spin
- forever trying to get the same lock.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Both of these are called deadlock, and as shown above, it can
- occur even with a single CPU (although not on UP compiles,
- since spinlocks vanish on kernel compiles with
- <symbol>CONFIG_SMP</symbol>=n. You'll still get data corruption
- in the second example).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This complete lockup is easy to diagnose: on SMP boxes the
- watchdog timer or compiling with <symbol>DEBUG_SPINLOCK</symbol> set
- (<filename>include/linux/spinlock.h</filename>) will show this up
- immediately when it happens.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- A more complex problem is the so-called 'deadly embrace',
- involving two or more locks. Say you have a hash table: each
- entry in the table is a spinlock, and a chain of hashed
- objects. Inside a softirq handler, you sometimes want to
- alter an object from one place in the hash to another: you
- grab the spinlock of the old hash chain and the spinlock of
- the new hash chain, and delete the object from the old one,
- and insert it in the new one.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- There are two problems here. First, if your code ever
- tries to move the object to the same chain, it will deadlock
- with itself as it tries to lock it twice. Secondly, if the
- same softirq on another CPU is trying to move another object
- in the reverse direction, the following could happen:
- </para>
-
- <table>
- <title>Consequences</title>
-
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
-
- <thead>
- <row>
- <entry>CPU 1</entry>
- <entry>CPU 2</entry>
- </row>
- </thead>
-
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Grab lock A -&gt; OK</entry>
- <entry>Grab lock B -&gt; OK</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Grab lock B -&gt; spin</entry>
- <entry>Grab lock A -&gt; spin</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
-
- <para>
- The two CPUs will spin forever, waiting for the other to give up
- their lock. It will look, smell, and feel like a crash.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="techs-deadlock-prevent">
- <title>Preventing Deadlock</title>
-
- <para>
- Textbooks will tell you that if you always lock in the same
- order, you will never get this kind of deadlock. Practice
- will tell you that this approach doesn't scale: when I
- create a new lock, I don't understand enough of the kernel
- to figure out where in the 5000 lock hierarchy it will fit.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The best locks are encapsulated: they never get exposed in
- headers, and are never held around calls to non-trivial
- functions outside the same file. You can read through this
- code and see that it will never deadlock, because it never
- tries to grab another lock while it has that one. People
- using your code don't even need to know you are using a
- lock.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- A classic problem here is when you provide callbacks or
- hooks: if you call these with the lock held, you risk simple
- deadlock, or a deadly embrace (who knows what the callback
- will do?). Remember, the other programmers are out to get
- you, so don't do this.
- </para>
-
- <sect2 id="techs-deadlock-overprevent">
- <title>Overzealous Prevention Of Deadlocks</title>
-
- <para>
- Deadlocks are problematic, but not as bad as data
- corruption. Code which grabs a read lock, searches a list,
- fails to find what it wants, drops the read lock, grabs a
- write lock and inserts the object has a race condition.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If you don't see why, please stay the fuck away from my code.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="racing-timers">
- <title>Racing Timers: A Kernel Pastime</title>
-
- <para>
- Timers can produce their own special problems with races.
- Consider a collection of objects (list, hash, etc) where each
- object has a timer which is due to destroy it.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If you want to destroy the entire collection (say on module
- removal), you might do the following:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
- /* THIS CODE BAD BAD BAD BAD: IF IT WAS ANY WORSE IT WOULD USE
- HUNGARIAN NOTATION */
- spin_lock_bh(&amp;list_lock);
-
- while (list) {
- struct foo *next = list-&gt;next;
- del_timer(&amp;list-&gt;timer);
- kfree(list);
- list = next;
- }
-
- spin_unlock_bh(&amp;list_lock);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- Sooner or later, this will crash on SMP, because a timer can
- have just gone off before the <function>spin_lock_bh()</function>,
- and it will only get the lock after we
- <function>spin_unlock_bh()</function>, and then try to free
- the element (which has already been freed!).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This can be avoided by checking the result of
- <function>del_timer()</function>: if it returns
- <returnvalue>1</returnvalue>, the timer has been deleted.
- If <returnvalue>0</returnvalue>, it means (in this
- case) that it is currently running, so we can do:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
- retry:
- spin_lock_bh(&amp;list_lock);
-
- while (list) {
- struct foo *next = list-&gt;next;
- if (!del_timer(&amp;list-&gt;timer)) {
- /* Give timer a chance to delete this */
- spin_unlock_bh(&amp;list_lock);
- goto retry;
- }
- kfree(list);
- list = next;
- }
-
- spin_unlock_bh(&amp;list_lock);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- Another common problem is deleting timers which restart
- themselves (by calling <function>add_timer()</function> at the end
- of their timer function). Because this is a fairly common case
- which is prone to races, you should use <function>del_timer_sync()</function>
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/linux/timer.h</filename>)
- to handle this case. It returns the number of times the timer
- had to be deleted before we finally stopped it from adding itself back
- in.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="Efficiency">
- <title>Locking Speed</title>
-
- <para>
-There are three main things to worry about when considering speed of
-some code which does locking. First is concurrency: how many things
-are going to be waiting while someone else is holding a lock. Second
-is the time taken to actually acquire and release an uncontended lock.
-Third is using fewer, or smarter locks. I'm assuming that the lock is
-used fairly often: otherwise, you wouldn't be concerned about
-efficiency.
-</para>
- <para>
-Concurrency depends on how long the lock is usually held: you should
-hold the lock for as long as needed, but no longer. In the cache
-example, we always create the object without the lock held, and then
-grab the lock only when we are ready to insert it in the list.
-</para>
- <para>
-Acquisition times depend on how much damage the lock operations do to
-the pipeline (pipeline stalls) and how likely it is that this CPU was
-the last one to grab the lock (ie. is the lock cache-hot for this
-CPU): on a machine with more CPUs, this likelihood drops fast.
-Consider a 700MHz Intel Pentium III: an instruction takes about 0.7ns,
-an atomic increment takes about 58ns, a lock which is cache-hot on
-this CPU takes 160ns, and a cacheline transfer from another CPU takes
-an additional 170 to 360ns. (These figures from Paul McKenney's
-<ulink url="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6993"> Linux
-Journal RCU article</ulink>).
-</para>
- <para>
-These two aims conflict: holding a lock for a short time might be done
-by splitting locks into parts (such as in our final per-object-lock
-example), but this increases the number of lock acquisitions, and the
-results are often slower than having a single lock. This is another
-reason to advocate locking simplicity.
-</para>
- <para>
-The third concern is addressed below: there are some methods to reduce
-the amount of locking which needs to be done.
-</para>
-
- <sect1 id="efficiency-rwlocks">
- <title>Read/Write Lock Variants</title>
-
- <para>
- Both spinlocks and mutexes have read/write variants:
- <type>rwlock_t</type> and <structname>struct rw_semaphore</structname>.
- These divide users into two classes: the readers and the writers. If
- you are only reading the data, you can get a read lock, but to write to
- the data you need the write lock. Many people can hold a read lock,
- but a writer must be sole holder.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If your code divides neatly along reader/writer lines (as our
- cache code does), and the lock is held by readers for
- significant lengths of time, using these locks can help. They
- are slightly slower than the normal locks though, so in practice
- <type>rwlock_t</type> is not usually worthwhile.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="efficiency-read-copy-update">
- <title>Avoiding Locks: Read Copy Update</title>
-
- <para>
- There is a special method of read/write locking called Read Copy
- Update. Using RCU, the readers can avoid taking a lock
- altogether: as we expect our cache to be read more often than
- updated (otherwise the cache is a waste of time), it is a
- candidate for this optimization.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- How do we get rid of read locks? Getting rid of read locks
- means that writers may be changing the list underneath the
- readers. That is actually quite simple: we can read a linked
- list while an element is being added if the writer adds the
- element very carefully. For example, adding
- <symbol>new</symbol> to a single linked list called
- <symbol>list</symbol>:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
- new-&gt;next = list-&gt;next;
- wmb();
- list-&gt;next = new;
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- The <function>wmb()</function> is a write memory barrier. It
- ensures that the first operation (setting the new element's
- <symbol>next</symbol> pointer) is complete and will be seen by
- all CPUs, before the second operation is (putting the new
- element into the list). This is important, since modern
- compilers and modern CPUs can both reorder instructions unless
- told otherwise: we want a reader to either not see the new
- element at all, or see the new element with the
- <symbol>next</symbol> pointer correctly pointing at the rest of
- the list.
- </para>
- <para>
- Fortunately, there is a function to do this for standard
- <structname>struct list_head</structname> lists:
- <function>list_add_rcu()</function>
- (<filename>include/linux/list.h</filename>).
- </para>
- <para>
- Removing an element from the list is even simpler: we replace
- the pointer to the old element with a pointer to its successor,
- and readers will either see it, or skip over it.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
- list-&gt;next = old-&gt;next;
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- There is <function>list_del_rcu()</function>
- (<filename>include/linux/list.h</filename>) which does this (the
- normal version poisons the old object, which we don't want).
- </para>
- <para>
- The reader must also be careful: some CPUs can look through the
- <symbol>next</symbol> pointer to start reading the contents of
- the next element early, but don't realize that the pre-fetched
- contents is wrong when the <symbol>next</symbol> pointer changes
- underneath them. Once again, there is a
- <function>list_for_each_entry_rcu()</function>
- (<filename>include/linux/list.h</filename>) to help you. Of
- course, writers can just use
- <function>list_for_each_entry()</function>, since there cannot
- be two simultaneous writers.
- </para>
- <para>
- Our final dilemma is this: when can we actually destroy the
- removed element? Remember, a reader might be stepping through
- this element in the list right now: if we free this element and
- the <symbol>next</symbol> pointer changes, the reader will jump
- off into garbage and crash. We need to wait until we know that
- all the readers who were traversing the list when we deleted the
- element are finished. We use <function>call_rcu()</function> to
- register a callback which will actually destroy the object once
- the readers are finished.
- </para>
- <para>
- But how does Read Copy Update know when the readers are
- finished? The method is this: firstly, the readers always
- traverse the list inside
- <function>rcu_read_lock()</function>/<function>rcu_read_unlock()</function>
- pairs: these simply disable preemption so the reader won't go to
- sleep while reading the list.
- </para>
- <para>
- RCU then waits until every other CPU has slept at least once:
- since readers cannot sleep, we know that any readers which were
- traversing the list during the deletion are finished, and the
- callback is triggered. The real Read Copy Update code is a
- little more optimized than this, but this is the fundamental
- idea.
- </para>
-
-<programlisting>
---- cache.c.perobjectlock 2003-12-11 17:15:03.000000000 +1100
-+++ cache.c.rcupdate 2003-12-11 17:55:14.000000000 +1100
-@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
- #include &lt;linux/list.h&gt;
- #include &lt;linux/slab.h&gt;
- #include &lt;linux/string.h&gt;
-+#include &lt;linux/rcupdate.h&gt;
- #include &lt;linux/mutex.h&gt;
- #include &lt;asm/errno.h&gt;
-
- struct object
- {
-- /* These two protected by cache_lock. */
-+ /* This is protected by RCU */
- struct list_head list;
- int popularity;
-
-+ struct rcu_head rcu;
-+
- atomic_t refcnt;
-
- /* Doesn't change once created. */
-@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@
- {
- struct object *i;
-
-- list_for_each_entry(i, &amp;cache, list) {
-+ list_for_each_entry_rcu(i, &amp;cache, list) {
- if (i-&gt;id == id) {
- i-&gt;popularity++;
- return i;
-@@ -49,19 +52,25 @@
- return NULL;
- }
-
-+/* Final discard done once we know no readers are looking. */
-+static void cache_delete_rcu(void *arg)
-+{
-+ object_put(arg);
-+}
-+
- /* Must be holding cache_lock */
- static void __cache_delete(struct object *obj)
- {
- BUG_ON(!obj);
-- list_del(&amp;obj-&gt;list);
-- object_put(obj);
-+ list_del_rcu(&amp;obj-&gt;list);
- cache_num--;
-+ call_rcu(&amp;obj-&gt;rcu, cache_delete_rcu, obj);
- }
-
- /* Must be holding cache_lock */
- static void __cache_add(struct object *obj)
- {
-- list_add(&amp;obj-&gt;list, &amp;cache);
-+ list_add_rcu(&amp;obj-&gt;list, &amp;cache);
- if (++cache_num > MAX_CACHE_SIZE) {
- struct object *i, *outcast = NULL;
- list_for_each_entry(i, &amp;cache, list) {
-@@ -85,6 +94,7 @@
- obj-&gt;popularity = 0;
- atomic_set(&amp;obj-&gt;refcnt, 1); /* The cache holds a reference */
- spin_lock_init(&amp;obj-&gt;lock);
-+ INIT_RCU_HEAD(&amp;obj-&gt;rcu);
-
- spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
- __cache_add(obj);
-@@ -104,12 +114,11 @@
- struct object *cache_find(int id)
- {
- struct object *obj;
-- unsigned long flags;
-
-- spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-+ rcu_read_lock();
- obj = __cache_find(id);
- if (obj)
- object_get(obj);
-- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;cache_lock, flags);
-+ rcu_read_unlock();
- return obj;
- }
-</programlisting>
-
-<para>
-Note that the reader will alter the
-<structfield>popularity</structfield> member in
-<function>__cache_find()</function>, and now it doesn't hold a lock.
-One solution would be to make it an <type>atomic_t</type>, but for
-this usage, we don't really care about races: an approximate result is
-good enough, so I didn't change it.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The result is that <function>cache_find()</function> requires no
-synchronization with any other functions, so is almost as fast on SMP
-as it would be on UP.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-There is a furthur optimization possible here: remember our original
-cache code, where there were no reference counts and the caller simply
-held the lock whenever using the object? This is still possible: if
-you hold the lock, noone can delete the object, so you don't need to
-get and put the reference count.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Now, because the 'read lock' in RCU is simply disabling preemption, a
-caller which always has preemption disabled between calling
-<function>cache_find()</function> and
-<function>object_put()</function> does not need to actually get and
-put the reference count: we could expose
-<function>__cache_find()</function> by making it non-static, and
-such callers could simply call that.
-</para>
-<para>
-The benefit here is that the reference count is not written to: the
-object is not altered in any way, which is much faster on SMP
-machines due to caching.
-</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="per-cpu">
- <title>Per-CPU Data</title>
-
- <para>
- Another technique for avoiding locking which is used fairly
- widely is to duplicate information for each CPU. For example,
- if you wanted to keep a count of a common condition, you could
- use a spin lock and a single counter. Nice and simple.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If that was too slow (it's usually not, but if you've got a
- really big machine to test on and can show that it is), you
- could instead use a counter for each CPU, then none of them need
- an exclusive lock. See <function>DEFINE_PER_CPU()</function>,
- <function>get_cpu_var()</function> and
- <function>put_cpu_var()</function>
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/linux/percpu.h</filename>).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Of particular use for simple per-cpu counters is the
- <type>local_t</type> type, and the
- <function>cpu_local_inc()</function> and related functions,
- which are more efficient than simple code on some architectures
- (<filename class="headerfile">include/asm/local.h</filename>).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Note that there is no simple, reliable way of getting an exact
- value of such a counter, without introducing more locks. This
- is not a problem for some uses.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="mostly-hardirq">
- <title>Data Which Mostly Used By An IRQ Handler</title>
-
- <para>
- If data is always accessed from within the same IRQ handler, you
- don't need a lock at all: the kernel already guarantees that the
- irq handler will not run simultaneously on multiple CPUs.
- </para>
- <para>
- Manfred Spraul points out that you can still do this, even if
- the data is very occasionally accessed in user context or
- softirqs/tasklets. The irq handler doesn't use a lock, and
- all other accesses are done as so:
- </para>
-
-<programlisting>
- spin_lock(&amp;lock);
- disable_irq(irq);
- ...
- enable_irq(irq);
- spin_unlock(&amp;lock);
-</programlisting>
- <para>
- The <function>disable_irq()</function> prevents the irq handler
- from running (and waits for it to finish if it's currently
- running on other CPUs). The spinlock prevents any other
- accesses happening at the same time. Naturally, this is slower
- than just a <function>spin_lock_irq()</function> call, so it
- only makes sense if this type of access happens extremely
- rarely.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="sleeping-things">
- <title>What Functions Are Safe To Call From Interrupts?</title>
-
- <para>
- Many functions in the kernel sleep (ie. call schedule())
- directly or indirectly: you can never call them while holding a
- spinlock, or with preemption disabled. This also means you need
- to be in user context: calling them from an interrupt is illegal.
- </para>
-
- <sect1 id="sleeping">
- <title>Some Functions Which Sleep</title>
-
- <para>
- The most common ones are listed below, but you usually have to
- read the code to find out if other calls are safe. If everyone
- else who calls it can sleep, you probably need to be able to
- sleep, too. In particular, registration and deregistration
- functions usually expect to be called from user context, and can
- sleep.
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Accesses to
- <firstterm linkend="gloss-userspace">userspace</firstterm>:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <function>copy_from_user()</function>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <function>copy_to_user()</function>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <function>get_user()</function>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <function>put_user()</function>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <function>kmalloc(GFP_KERNEL)</function>
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <function>mutex_lock_interruptible()</function> and
- <function>mutex_lock()</function>
- </para>
- <para>
- There is a <function>mutex_trylock()</function> which can be
- used inside interrupt context, as it will not sleep.
- <function>mutex_unlock()</function> will also never sleep.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="dont-sleep">
- <title>Some Functions Which Don't Sleep</title>
-
- <para>
- Some functions are safe to call from any context, or holding
- almost any lock.
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <function>printk()</function>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <function>kfree()</function>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <function>add_timer()</function> and <function>del_timer()</function>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="references">
- <title>Further reading</title>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <filename>Documentation/spinlocks.txt</filename>:
- Linus Torvalds' spinlocking tutorial in the kernel sources.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Unix Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric
- Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers:
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Curt Schimmel's very good introduction to kernel level
- locking (not written for Linux, but nearly everything
- applies). The book is expensive, but really worth every
- penny to understand SMP locking. [ISBN: 0201633388]
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="thanks">
- <title>Thanks</title>
-
- <para>
- Thanks to Telsa Gwynne for DocBooking, neatening and adding
- style.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Thanks to Martin Pool, Philipp Rumpf, Stephen Rothwell, Paul
- Mackerras, Ruedi Aschwanden, Alan Cox, Manfred Spraul, Tim
- Waugh, Pete Zaitcev, James Morris, Robert Love, Paul McKenney,
- John Ashby for proofreading, correcting, flaming, commenting.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Thanks to the cabal for having no influence on this document.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <glossary id="glossary">
- <title>Glossary</title>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-preemption">
- <glossterm>preemption</glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- Prior to 2.5, or when <symbol>CONFIG_PREEMPT</symbol> is
- unset, processes in user context inside the kernel would not
- preempt each other (ie. you had that CPU until you gave it up,
- except for interrupts). With the addition of
- <symbol>CONFIG_PREEMPT</symbol> in 2.5.4, this changed: when
- in user context, higher priority tasks can "cut in": spinlocks
- were changed to disable preemption, even on UP.
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-bh">
- <glossterm>bh</glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- Bottom Half: for historical reasons, functions with
- '_bh' in them often now refer to any software interrupt, e.g.
- <function>spin_lock_bh()</function> blocks any software interrupt
- on the current CPU. Bottom halves are deprecated, and will
- eventually be replaced by tasklets. Only one bottom half will be
- running at any time.
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-hwinterrupt">
- <glossterm>Hardware Interrupt / Hardware IRQ</glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- Hardware interrupt request. <function>in_irq()</function> returns
- <returnvalue>true</returnvalue> in a hardware interrupt handler.
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-interruptcontext">
- <glossterm>Interrupt Context</glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- Not user context: processing a hardware irq or software irq.
- Indicated by the <function>in_interrupt()</function> macro
- returning <returnvalue>true</returnvalue>.
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-smp">
- <glossterm><acronym>SMP</acronym></glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- Symmetric Multi-Processor: kernels compiled for multiple-CPU
- machines. (CONFIG_SMP=y).
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-softirq">
- <glossterm>Software Interrupt / softirq</glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- Software interrupt handler. <function>in_irq()</function> returns
- <returnvalue>false</returnvalue>; <function>in_softirq()</function>
- returns <returnvalue>true</returnvalue>. Tasklets and softirqs
- both fall into the category of 'software interrupts'.
- </para>
- <para>
- Strictly speaking a softirq is one of up to 32 enumerated software
- interrupts which can run on multiple CPUs at once.
- Sometimes used to refer to tasklets as
- well (ie. all software interrupts).
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-tasklet">
- <glossterm>tasklet</glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- A dynamically-registrable software interrupt,
- which is guaranteed to only run on one CPU at a time.
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-timers">
- <glossterm>timer</glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- A dynamically-registrable software interrupt, which is run at
- (or close to) a given time. When running, it is just like a
- tasklet (in fact, they are called from the TIMER_SOFTIRQ).
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-up">
- <glossterm><acronym>UP</acronym></glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- Uni-Processor: Non-SMP. (CONFIG_SMP=n).
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-usercontext">
- <glossterm>User Context</glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- The kernel executing on behalf of a particular process (ie. a
- system call or trap) or kernel thread. You can tell which
- process with the <symbol>current</symbol> macro.) Not to
- be confused with userspace. Can be interrupted by software or
- hardware interrupts.
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry id="gloss-userspace">
- <glossterm>Userspace</glossterm>
- <glossdef>
- <para>
- A process executing its own code outside the kernel.
- </para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- </glossary>
-</book>
-
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 372dec20c8da..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,459 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="kgdbOnLinux">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Using kgdb and the kgdb Internals</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Jason</firstname>
- <surname>Wessel</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>jason.wessel@windriver.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Tom</firstname>
- <surname>Rini</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>trini@kernel.crashing.org</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Amit S.</firstname>
- <surname>Kale</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>amitkale@linsyssoft.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2008</year>
- <holder>Wind River Systems, Inc.</holder>
- </copyright>
- <copyright>
- <year>2004-2005</year>
- <holder>MontaVista Software, Inc.</holder>
- </copyright>
- <copyright>
- <year>2004</year>
- <holder>Amit S. Kale</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This file is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License
- version 2. This program is licensed "as is" without any warranty of any
- kind, whether express or implied.
- </para>
-
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
- <chapter id="Introduction">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- kgdb is a source level debugger for linux kernel. It is used along
- with gdb to debug a linux kernel. The expectation is that gdb can
- be used to "break in" to the kernel to inspect memory, variables
- and look through call stack information similar to what an
- application developer would use gdb for. It is possible to place
- breakpoints in kernel code and perform some limited execution
- stepping.
- </para>
- <para>
- Two machines are required for using kgdb. One of these machines is a
- development machine and the other is a test machine. The kernel
- to be debugged runs on the test machine. The development machine
- runs an instance of gdb against the vmlinux file which contains
- the symbols (not boot image such as bzImage, zImage, uImage...).
- In gdb the developer specifies the connection parameters and
- connects to kgdb. The type of connection a developer makes with
- gdb depends on the availability of kgdb I/O modules compiled as
- builtin's or kernel modules in the test machine's kernel.
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="CompilingAKernel">
- <title>Compiling a kernel</title>
- <para>
- To enable <symbol>CONFIG_KGDB</symbol> you should first turn on
- "Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers"
- (CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL) in "General setup", then under the
- "Kernel debugging" select "KGDB: kernel debugging with remote gdb".
- </para>
- <para>
- It is advised, but not required that you turn on the
- CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER kernel option. This option inserts code to
- into the compiled executable which saves the frame information in
- registers or on the stack at different points which will allow a
- debugger such as gdb to more accurately construct stack back traces
- while debugging the kernel.
- </para>
- <para>
- If the architecture that you are using supports the kernel option
- CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA, you should consider turning it off. This
- option will prevent the use of software breakpoints because it
- marks certain regions of the kernel's memory space as read-only.
- If kgdb supports it for the architecture you are using, you can
- use hardware breakpoints if you desire to run with the
- CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA option turned on, else you need to turn off
- this option.
- </para>
- <para>
- Next you should choose one of more I/O drivers to interconnect debugging
- host and debugged target. Early boot debugging requires a KGDB
- I/O driver that supports early debugging and the driver must be
- built into the kernel directly. Kgdb I/O driver configuration
- takes place via kernel or module parameters, see following
- chapter.
- </para>
- <para>
- The kgdb test compile options are described in the kgdb test suite chapter.
- </para>
-
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="EnableKGDB">
- <title>Enable kgdb for debugging</title>
- <para>
- In order to use kgdb you must activate it by passing configuration
- information to one of the kgdb I/O drivers. If you do not pass any
- configuration information kgdb will not do anything at all. Kgdb
- will only actively hook up to the kernel trap hooks if a kgdb I/O
- driver is loaded and configured. If you unconfigure a kgdb I/O
- driver, kgdb will unregister all the kernel hook points.
- </para>
- <para>
- All drivers can be reconfigured at run time, if
- <symbol>CONFIG_SYSFS</symbol> and <symbol>CONFIG_MODULES</symbol>
- are enabled, by echo'ing a new config string to
- <constant>/sys/module/&lt;driver&gt;/parameter/&lt;option&gt;</constant>.
- The driver can be unconfigured by passing an empty string. You cannot
- change the configuration while the debugger is attached. Make sure
- to detach the debugger with the <constant>detach</constant> command
- prior to trying unconfigure a kgdb I/O driver.
- </para>
- <sect1 id="kgdbwait">
- <title>Kernel parameter: kgdbwait</title>
- <para>
- The Kernel command line option <constant>kgdbwait</constant> makes
- kgdb wait for a debugger connection during booting of a kernel. You
- can only use this option you compiled a kgdb I/O driver into the
- kernel and you specified the I/O driver configuration as a kernel
- command line option. The kgdbwait parameter should always follow the
- configuration parameter for the kgdb I/O driver in the kernel
- command line else the I/O driver will not be configured prior to
- asking the kernel to use it to wait.
- </para>
- <para>
- The kernel will stop and wait as early as the I/O driver and
- architecture will allow when you use this option. If you build the
- kgdb I/O driver as a kernel module kgdbwait will not do anything.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="kgdboc">
- <title>Kernel parameter: kgdboc</title>
- <para>
- The kgdboc driver was originally an abbreviation meant to stand for
- "kgdb over console". Kgdboc is designed to work with a single
- serial port. It was meant to cover the circumstance
- where you wanted to use a serial console as your primary console as
- well as using it to perform kernel debugging. Of course you can
- also use kgdboc without assigning a console to the same port.
- </para>
- <sect2 id="UsingKgdboc">
- <title>Using kgdboc</title>
- <para>
- You can configure kgdboc via sysfs or a module or kernel boot line
- parameter depending on if you build with CONFIG_KGDBOC as a module
- or built-in.
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>From the module load or build-in</para>
- <para><constant>kgdboc=&lt;tty-device&gt;,[baud]</constant></para>
- <para>
- The example here would be if your console port was typically ttyS0, you would use something like <constant>kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant> or on the ARM Versatile AB you would likely use <constant>kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200</constant>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para>From sysfs</para>
- <para><constant>echo ttyS0 &gt; /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- NOTE: Kgdboc does not support interrupting the target via the
- gdb remote protocol. You must manually send a sysrq-g unless you
- have a proxy that splits console output to a terminal problem and
- has a separate port for the debugger to connect to that sends the
- sysrq-g for you.
- </para>
- <para>When using kgdboc with no debugger proxy, you can end up
- connecting the debugger for one of two entry points. If an
- exception occurs after you have loaded kgdboc a message should print
- on the console stating it is waiting for the debugger. In case you
- disconnect your terminal program and then connect the debugger in
- its place. If you want to interrupt the target system and forcibly
- enter a debug session you have to issue a Sysrq sequence and then
- type the letter <constant>g</constant>. Then you disconnect the
- terminal session and connect gdb. Your options if you don't like
- this are to hack gdb to send the sysrq-g for you as well as on the
- initial connect, or to use a debugger proxy that allows an
- unmodified gdb to do the debugging.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="kgdbcon">
- <title>Kernel parameter: kgdbcon</title>
- <para>
- Kgdb supports using the gdb serial protocol to send console messages
- to the debugger when the debugger is connected and running. There
- are two ways to activate this feature.
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Activate with the kernel command line option:</para>
- <para><constant>kgdbcon</constant></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para>Use sysfs before configuring an io driver</para>
- <para>
- <constant>echo 1 &gt; /sys/module/kgdb/parameters/kgdb_use_con</constant>
- </para>
- <para>
- NOTE: If you do this after you configure the kgdb I/O driver, the
- setting will not take effect until the next point the I/O is
- reconfigured.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- IMPORTANT NOTE: Using this option with kgdb over the console
- (kgdboc) is not supported.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="ConnectingGDB">
- <title>Connecting gdb</title>
- <para>
- If you are using kgdboc, you need to have used kgdbwait as a boot
- argument, issued a sysrq-g, or the system you are going to debug
- has already taken an exception and is waiting for the debugger to
- attach before you can connect gdb.
- </para>
- <para>
- If you are not using different kgdb I/O driver other than kgdboc,
- you should be able to connect and the target will automatically
- respond.
- </para>
- <para>
- Example (using a serial port):
- </para>
- <programlisting>
- % gdb ./vmlinux
- (gdb) set remotebaud 115200
- (gdb) target remote /dev/ttyS0
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- Example (kgdb to a terminal server on tcp port 2012):
- </para>
- <programlisting>
- % gdb ./vmlinux
- (gdb) target remote 192.168.2.2:2012
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- Once connected, you can debug a kernel the way you would debug an
- application program.
- </para>
- <para>
- If you are having problems connecting or something is going
- seriously wrong while debugging, it will most often be the case
- that you want to enable gdb to be verbose about its target
- communications. You do this prior to issuing the <constant>target
- remote</constant> command by typing in: <constant>set remote debug 1</constant>
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="KGDBTestSuite">
- <title>kgdb Test Suite</title>
- <para>
- When kgdb is enabled in the kernel config you can also elect to
- enable the config parameter KGDB_TESTS. Turning this on will
- enable a special kgdb I/O module which is designed to test the
- kgdb internal functions.
- </para>
- <para>
- The kgdb tests are mainly intended for developers to test the kgdb
- internals as well as a tool for developing a new kgdb architecture
- specific implementation. These tests are not really for end users
- of the Linux kernel. The primary source of documentation would be
- to look in the drivers/misc/kgdbts.c file.
- </para>
- <para>
- The kgdb test suite can also be configured at compile time to run
- the core set of tests by setting the kernel config parameter
- KGDB_TESTS_ON_BOOT. This particular option is aimed at automated
- regression testing and does not require modifying the kernel boot
- config arguments. If this is turned on, the kgdb test suite can
- be disabled by specifying "kgdbts=" as a kernel boot argument.
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="CommonBackEndReq">
- <title>KGDB Internals</title>
- <sect1 id="kgdbArchitecture">
- <title>Architecture Specifics</title>
- <para>
- Kgdb is organized into three basic components:
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>kgdb core</para>
- <para>
- The kgdb core is found in kernel/kgdb.c. It contains:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>All the logic to implement the gdb serial protocol</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>A generic OS exception handler which includes sync'ing the processors into a stopped state on an multi cpu system.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The API to talk to the kgdb I/O drivers</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The API to make calls to the arch specific kgdb implementation</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The logic to perform safe memory reads and writes to memory while using the debugger</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>A full implementation for software breakpoints unless overridden by the arch</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para>kgdb arch specific implementation</para>
- <para>
- This implementation is generally found in arch/*/kernel/kgdb.c.
- As an example, arch/x86/kernel/kgdb.c contains the specifics to
- implement HW breakpoint as well as the initialization to
- dynamically register and unregister for the trap handlers on
- this architecture. The arch specific portion implements:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>contains an arch specific trap catcher which
- invokes kgdb_handle_exception() to start kgdb about doing its
- work</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>translation to and from gdb specific packet format to pt_regs</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Registration and unregistration of architecture specific trap hooks</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Any special exception handling and cleanup</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>NMI exception handling and cleanup</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>(optional)HW breakpoints</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para>kgdb I/O driver</para>
- <para>
- Each kgdb I/O driver has to provide an implemenation for the following:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>configuration via builtin or module</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>dynamic configuration and kgdb hook registration calls</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>read and write character interface</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>A cleanup handler for unconfiguring from the kgdb core</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>(optional) Early debug methodology</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- Any given kgdb I/O driver has to operate very closely with the
- hardware and must do it in such a way that does not enable
- interrupts or change other parts of the system context without
- completely restoring them. The kgdb core will repeatedly "poll"
- a kgdb I/O driver for characters when it needs input. The I/O
- driver is expected to return immediately if there is no data
- available. Doing so allows for the future possibility to touch
- watch dog hardware in such a way as to have a target system not
- reset when these are enabled.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- If you are intent on adding kgdb architecture specific support
- for a new architecture, the architecture should define
- <constant>HAVE_ARCH_KGDB</constant> in the architecture specific
- Kconfig file. This will enable kgdb for the architecture, and
- at that point you must create an architecture specific kgdb
- implementation.
- </para>
- <para>
- There are a few flags which must be set on every architecture in
- their &lt;asm/kgdb.h&gt; file. These are:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- NUMREGBYTES: The size in bytes of all of the registers, so
- that we can ensure they will all fit into a packet.
- </para>
- <para>
- BUFMAX: The size in bytes of the buffer GDB will read into.
- This must be larger than NUMREGBYTES.
- </para>
- <para>
- CACHE_FLUSH_IS_SAFE: Set to 1 if it is always safe to call
- flush_cache_range or flush_icache_range. On some architectures,
- these functions may not be safe to call on SMP since we keep other
- CPUs in a holding pattern.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- There are also the following functions for the common backend,
- found in kernel/kgdb.c, that must be supplied by the
- architecture-specific backend unless marked as (optional), in
- which case a default function maybe used if the architecture
- does not need to provide a specific implementation.
- </para>
-!Iinclude/linux/kgdb.h
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="kgdbocDesign">
- <title>kgdboc internals</title>
- <para>
- The kgdboc driver is actually a very thin driver that relies on the
- underlying low level to the hardware driver having "polling hooks"
- which the to which the tty driver is attached. In the initial
- implementation of kgdboc it the serial_core was changed to expose a
- low level uart hook for doing polled mode reading and writing of a
- single character while in an atomic context. When kgdb makes an I/O
- request to the debugger, kgdboc invokes a call back in the serial
- core which in turn uses the call back in the uart driver. It is
- certainly possible to extend kgdboc to work with non-uart based
- consoles in the future.
- </para>
- <para>
- When using kgdboc with a uart, the uart driver must implement two callbacks in the <constant>struct uart_ops</constant>. Example from drivers/8250.c:<programlisting>
-#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL
- .poll_get_char = serial8250_get_poll_char,
- .poll_put_char = serial8250_put_poll_char,
-#endif
- </programlisting>
- Any implementation specifics around creating a polling driver use the
- <constant>#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL</constant>, as shown above.
- Keep in mind that polling hooks have to be implemented in such a way
- that they can be called from an atomic context and have to restore
- the state of the uart chip on return such that the system can return
- to normal when the debugger detaches. You need to be very careful
- with any kind of lock you consider, because failing here is most
- going to mean pressing the reset button.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="credits">
- <title>Credits</title>
- <para>
- The following people have contributed to this document:
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Amit Kale<email>amitkale@linsyssoft.com</email></para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Tom Rini<email>trini@kernel.crashing.org</email></para></listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- In March 2008 this document was completely rewritten by:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Jason Wessel<email>jason.wessel@windriver.com</email></para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- </chapter>
-</book>
-
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index ba9975771503..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1632 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="libataDevGuide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>libATA Developer's Guide</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Jeff</firstname>
- <surname>Garzik</surname>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2003-2006</year>
- <holder>Jeff Garzik</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- The contents of this file are subject to the Open
- Software License version 1.1 that can be found at
- <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/osl-1.1.txt">http://www.opensource.org/licenses/osl-1.1.txt</ulink> and is included herein
- by reference.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms
- of the GNU General Public License version 2 (the "GPL") as distributed
- in the kernel source COPYING file, in which case the provisions of
- the GPL are applicable instead of the above. If you wish to allow
- the use of your version of this file only under the terms of the
- GPL and not to allow others to use your version of this file under
- the OSL, indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
- replace them with the notice and other provisions required by the GPL.
- If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient may use your
- version of this file under either the OSL or the GPL.
- </para>
-
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="libataIntroduction">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- libATA is a library used inside the Linux kernel to support ATA host
- controllers and devices. libATA provides an ATA driver API, class
- transports for ATA and ATAPI devices, and SCSI&lt;-&gt;ATA translation
- for ATA devices according to the T10 SAT specification.
- </para>
- <para>
- This Guide documents the libATA driver API, library functions, library
- internals, and a couple sample ATA low-level drivers.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="libataDriverApi">
- <title>libata Driver API</title>
- <para>
- struct ata_port_operations is defined for every low-level libata
- hardware driver, and it controls how the low-level driver
- interfaces with the ATA and SCSI layers.
- </para>
- <para>
- FIS-based drivers will hook into the system with ->qc_prep() and
- ->qc_issue() high-level hooks. Hardware which behaves in a manner
- similar to PCI IDE hardware may utilize several generic helpers,
- defining at a bare minimum the bus I/O addresses of the ATA shadow
- register blocks.
- </para>
- <sect1>
- <title>struct ata_port_operations</title>
-
- <sect2><title>Disable ATA port</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*port_disable) (struct ata_port *);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- Called from ata_bus_probe() and ata_bus_reset() error paths,
- as well as when unregistering from the SCSI module (rmmod, hot
- unplug).
- This function should do whatever needs to be done to take the
- port out of use. In most cases, ata_port_disable() can be used
- as this hook.
- </para>
- <para>
- Called from ata_bus_probe() on a failed probe.
- Called from ata_bus_reset() on a failed bus reset.
- Called from ata_scsi_release().
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Post-IDENTIFY device configuration</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*dev_config) (struct ata_port *, struct ata_device *);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- Called after IDENTIFY [PACKET] DEVICE is issued to each device
- found. Typically used to apply device-specific fixups prior to
- issue of SET FEATURES - XFER MODE, and prior to operation.
- </para>
- <para>
- Called by ata_device_add() after ata_dev_identify() determines
- a device is present.
- </para>
- <para>
- This entry may be specified as NULL in ata_port_operations.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Set PIO/DMA mode</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*set_piomode) (struct ata_port *, struct ata_device *);
-void (*set_dmamode) (struct ata_port *, struct ata_device *);
-void (*post_set_mode) (struct ata_port *);
-unsigned int (*mode_filter) (struct ata_port *, struct ata_device *, unsigned int);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- Hooks called prior to the issue of SET FEATURES - XFER MODE
- command. The optional ->mode_filter() hook is called when libata
- has built a mask of the possible modes. This is passed to the
- ->mode_filter() function which should return a mask of valid modes
- after filtering those unsuitable due to hardware limits. It is not
- valid to use this interface to add modes.
- </para>
- <para>
- dev->pio_mode and dev->dma_mode are guaranteed to be valid when
- ->set_piomode() and when ->set_dmamode() is called. The timings for
- any other drive sharing the cable will also be valid at this point.
- That is the library records the decisions for the modes of each
- drive on a channel before it attempts to set any of them.
- </para>
- <para>
- ->post_set_mode() is
- called unconditionally, after the SET FEATURES - XFER MODE
- command completes successfully.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- ->set_piomode() is always called (if present), but
- ->set_dma_mode() is only called if DMA is possible.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Taskfile read/write</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*tf_load) (struct ata_port *ap, struct ata_taskfile *tf);
-void (*tf_read) (struct ata_port *ap, struct ata_taskfile *tf);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- ->tf_load() is called to load the given taskfile into hardware
- registers / DMA buffers. ->tf_read() is called to read the
- hardware registers / DMA buffers, to obtain the current set of
- taskfile register values.
- Most drivers for taskfile-based hardware (PIO or MMIO) use
- ata_tf_load() and ata_tf_read() for these hooks.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>PIO data read/write</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*data_xfer) (struct ata_device *, unsigned char *, unsigned int, int);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
-All bmdma-style drivers must implement this hook. This is the low-level
-operation that actually copies the data bytes during a PIO data
-transfer.
-Typically the driver
-will choose one of ata_pio_data_xfer_noirq(), ata_pio_data_xfer(), or
-ata_mmio_data_xfer().
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>ATA command execute</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*exec_command)(struct ata_port *ap, struct ata_taskfile *tf);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- causes an ATA command, previously loaded with
- ->tf_load(), to be initiated in hardware.
- Most drivers for taskfile-based hardware use ata_exec_command()
- for this hook.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Per-cmd ATAPI DMA capabilities filter</title>
- <programlisting>
-int (*check_atapi_dma) (struct ata_queued_cmd *qc);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
-Allow low-level driver to filter ATA PACKET commands, returning a status
-indicating whether or not it is OK to use DMA for the supplied PACKET
-command.
- </para>
- <para>
- This hook may be specified as NULL, in which case libata will
- assume that atapi dma can be supported.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Read specific ATA shadow registers</title>
- <programlisting>
-u8 (*check_status)(struct ata_port *ap);
-u8 (*check_altstatus)(struct ata_port *ap);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- Reads the Status/AltStatus ATA shadow register from
- hardware. On some hardware, reading the Status register has
- the side effect of clearing the interrupt condition.
- Most drivers for taskfile-based hardware use
- ata_check_status() for this hook.
- </para>
- <para>
- Note that because this is called from ata_device_add(), at
- least a dummy function that clears device interrupts must be
- provided for all drivers, even if the controller doesn't
- actually have a taskfile status register.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Select ATA device on bus</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*dev_select)(struct ata_port *ap, unsigned int device);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- Issues the low-level hardware command(s) that causes one of N
- hardware devices to be considered 'selected' (active and
- available for use) on the ATA bus. This generally has no
- meaning on FIS-based devices.
- </para>
- <para>
- Most drivers for taskfile-based hardware use
- ata_std_dev_select() for this hook. Controllers which do not
- support second drives on a port (such as SATA contollers) will
- use ata_noop_dev_select().
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Private tuning method</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*set_mode) (struct ata_port *ap);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- By default libata performs drive and controller tuning in
- accordance with the ATA timing rules and also applies blacklists
- and cable limits. Some controllers need special handling and have
- custom tuning rules, typically raid controllers that use ATA
- commands but do not actually do drive timing.
- </para>
-
- <warning>
- <para>
- This hook should not be used to replace the standard controller
- tuning logic when a controller has quirks. Replacing the default
- tuning logic in that case would bypass handling for drive and
- bridge quirks that may be important to data reliability. If a
- controller needs to filter the mode selection it should use the
- mode_filter hook instead.
- </para>
- </warning>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Control PCI IDE BMDMA engine</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*bmdma_setup) (struct ata_queued_cmd *qc);
-void (*bmdma_start) (struct ata_queued_cmd *qc);
-void (*bmdma_stop) (struct ata_port *ap);
-u8 (*bmdma_status) (struct ata_port *ap);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
-When setting up an IDE BMDMA transaction, these hooks arm
-(->bmdma_setup), fire (->bmdma_start), and halt (->bmdma_stop)
-the hardware's DMA engine. ->bmdma_status is used to read the standard
-PCI IDE DMA Status register.
- </para>
-
- <para>
-These hooks are typically either no-ops, or simply not implemented, in
-FIS-based drivers.
- </para>
- <para>
-Most legacy IDE drivers use ata_bmdma_setup() for the bmdma_setup()
-hook. ata_bmdma_setup() will write the pointer to the PRD table to
-the IDE PRD Table Address register, enable DMA in the DMA Command
-register, and call exec_command() to begin the transfer.
- </para>
- <para>
-Most legacy IDE drivers use ata_bmdma_start() for the bmdma_start()
-hook. ata_bmdma_start() will write the ATA_DMA_START flag to the DMA
-Command register.
- </para>
- <para>
-Many legacy IDE drivers use ata_bmdma_stop() for the bmdma_stop()
-hook. ata_bmdma_stop() clears the ATA_DMA_START flag in the DMA
-command register.
- </para>
- <para>
-Many legacy IDE drivers use ata_bmdma_status() as the bmdma_status() hook.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>High-level taskfile hooks</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*qc_prep) (struct ata_queued_cmd *qc);
-int (*qc_issue) (struct ata_queued_cmd *qc);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- Higher-level hooks, these two hooks can potentially supercede
- several of the above taskfile/DMA engine hooks. ->qc_prep is
- called after the buffers have been DMA-mapped, and is typically
- used to populate the hardware's DMA scatter-gather table.
- Most drivers use the standard ata_qc_prep() helper function, but
- more advanced drivers roll their own.
- </para>
- <para>
- ->qc_issue is used to make a command active, once the hardware
- and S/G tables have been prepared. IDE BMDMA drivers use the
- helper function ata_qc_issue_prot() for taskfile protocol-based
- dispatch. More advanced drivers implement their own ->qc_issue.
- </para>
- <para>
- ata_qc_issue_prot() calls ->tf_load(), ->bmdma_setup(), and
- ->bmdma_start() as necessary to initiate a transfer.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Exception and probe handling (EH)</title>
- <programlisting>
-void (*eng_timeout) (struct ata_port *ap);
-void (*phy_reset) (struct ata_port *ap);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
-Deprecated. Use ->error_handler() instead.
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-void (*freeze) (struct ata_port *ap);
-void (*thaw) (struct ata_port *ap);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
-ata_port_freeze() is called when HSM violations or some other
-condition disrupts normal operation of the port. A frozen port
-is not allowed to perform any operation until the port is
-thawed, which usually follows a successful reset.
- </para>
-
- <para>
-The optional ->freeze() callback can be used for freezing the port
-hardware-wise (e.g. mask interrupt and stop DMA engine). If a
-port cannot be frozen hardware-wise, the interrupt handler
-must ack and clear interrupts unconditionally while the port
-is frozen.
- </para>
- <para>
-The optional ->thaw() callback is called to perform the opposite of ->freeze():
-prepare the port for normal operation once again. Unmask interrupts,
-start DMA engine, etc.
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-void (*error_handler) (struct ata_port *ap);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
-->error_handler() is a driver's hook into probe, hotplug, and recovery
-and other exceptional conditions. The primary responsibility of an
-implementation is to call ata_do_eh() or ata_bmdma_drive_eh() with a set
-of EH hooks as arguments:
- </para>
-
- <para>
-'prereset' hook (may be NULL) is called during an EH reset, before any other actions
-are taken.
- </para>
-
- <para>
-'postreset' hook (may be NULL) is called after the EH reset is performed. Based on
-existing conditions, severity of the problem, and hardware capabilities,
- </para>
-
- <para>
-Either 'softreset' (may be NULL) or 'hardreset' (may be NULL) will be
-called to perform the low-level EH reset.
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-void (*post_internal_cmd) (struct ata_queued_cmd *qc);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
-Perform any hardware-specific actions necessary to finish processing
-after executing a probe-time or EH-time command via ata_exec_internal().
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Hardware interrupt handling</title>
- <programlisting>
-irqreturn_t (*irq_handler)(int, void *, struct pt_regs *);
-void (*irq_clear) (struct ata_port *);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- ->irq_handler is the interrupt handling routine registered with
- the system, by libata. ->irq_clear is called during probe just
- before the interrupt handler is registered, to be sure hardware
- is quiet.
- </para>
- <para>
- The second argument, dev_instance, should be cast to a pointer
- to struct ata_host_set.
- </para>
- <para>
- Most legacy IDE drivers use ata_interrupt() for the
- irq_handler hook, which scans all ports in the host_set,
- determines which queued command was active (if any), and calls
- ata_host_intr(ap,qc).
- </para>
- <para>
- Most legacy IDE drivers use ata_bmdma_irq_clear() for the
- irq_clear() hook, which simply clears the interrupt and error
- flags in the DMA status register.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>SATA phy read/write</title>
- <programlisting>
-int (*scr_read) (struct ata_port *ap, unsigned int sc_reg,
- u32 *val);
-int (*scr_write) (struct ata_port *ap, unsigned int sc_reg,
- u32 val);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- Read and write standard SATA phy registers. Currently only used
- if ->phy_reset hook called the sata_phy_reset() helper function.
- sc_reg is one of SCR_STATUS, SCR_CONTROL, SCR_ERROR, or SCR_ACTIVE.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2><title>Init and shutdown</title>
- <programlisting>
-int (*port_start) (struct ata_port *ap);
-void (*port_stop) (struct ata_port *ap);
-void (*host_stop) (struct ata_host_set *host_set);
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- ->port_start() is called just after the data structures for each
- port are initialized. Typically this is used to alloc per-port
- DMA buffers / tables / rings, enable DMA engines, and similar
- tasks. Some drivers also use this entry point as a chance to
- allocate driver-private memory for ap->private_data.
- </para>
- <para>
- Many drivers use ata_port_start() as this hook or call
- it from their own port_start() hooks. ata_port_start()
- allocates space for a legacy IDE PRD table and returns.
- </para>
- <para>
- ->port_stop() is called after ->host_stop(). It's sole function
- is to release DMA/memory resources, now that they are no longer
- actively being used. Many drivers also free driver-private
- data from port at this time.
- </para>
- <para>
- Many drivers use ata_port_stop() as this hook, which frees the
- PRD table.
- </para>
- <para>
- ->host_stop() is called after all ->port_stop() calls
-have completed. The hook must finalize hardware shutdown, release DMA
-and other resources, etc.
- This hook may be specified as NULL, in which case it is not called.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="libataEH">
- <title>Error handling</title>
-
- <para>
- This chapter describes how errors are handled under libata.
- Readers are advised to read SCSI EH
- (Documentation/scsi/scsi_eh.txt) and ATA exceptions doc first.
- </para>
-
- <sect1><title>Origins of commands</title>
- <para>
- In libata, a command is represented with struct ata_queued_cmd
- or qc. qc's are preallocated during port initialization and
- repetitively used for command executions. Currently only one
- qc is allocated per port but yet-to-be-merged NCQ branch
- allocates one for each tag and maps each qc to NCQ tag 1-to-1.
- </para>
- <para>
- libata commands can originate from two sources - libata itself
- and SCSI midlayer. libata internal commands are used for
- initialization and error handling. All normal blk requests
- and commands for SCSI emulation are passed as SCSI commands
- through queuecommand callback of SCSI host template.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>How commands are issued</title>
-
- <variablelist>
-
- <varlistentry><term>Internal commands</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- First, qc is allocated and initialized using
- ata_qc_new_init(). Although ata_qc_new_init() doesn't
- implement any wait or retry mechanism when qc is not
- available, internal commands are currently issued only during
- initialization and error recovery, so no other command is
- active and allocation is guaranteed to succeed.
- </para>
- <para>
- Once allocated qc's taskfile is initialized for the command to
- be executed. qc currently has two mechanisms to notify
- completion. One is via qc->complete_fn() callback and the
- other is completion qc->waiting. qc->complete_fn() callback
- is the asynchronous path used by normal SCSI translated
- commands and qc->waiting is the synchronous (issuer sleeps in
- process context) path used by internal commands.
- </para>
- <para>
- Once initialization is complete, host_set lock is acquired
- and the qc is issued.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>SCSI commands</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- All libata drivers use ata_scsi_queuecmd() as
- hostt->queuecommand callback. scmds can either be simulated
- or translated. No qc is involved in processing a simulated
- scmd. The result is computed right away and the scmd is
- completed.
- </para>
- <para>
- For a translated scmd, ata_qc_new_init() is invoked to
- allocate a qc and the scmd is translated into the qc. SCSI
- midlayer's completion notification function pointer is stored
- into qc->scsidone.
- </para>
- <para>
- qc->complete_fn() callback is used for completion
- notification. ATA commands use ata_scsi_qc_complete() while
- ATAPI commands use atapi_qc_complete(). Both functions end up
- calling qc->scsidone to notify upper layer when the qc is
- finished. After translation is completed, the qc is issued
- with ata_qc_issue().
- </para>
- <para>
- Note that SCSI midlayer invokes hostt->queuecommand while
- holding host_set lock, so all above occur while holding
- host_set lock.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>How commands are processed</title>
- <para>
- Depending on which protocol and which controller are used,
- commands are processed differently. For the purpose of
- discussion, a controller which uses taskfile interface and all
- standard callbacks is assumed.
- </para>
- <para>
- Currently 6 ATA command protocols are used. They can be
- sorted into the following four categories according to how
- they are processed.
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry><term>ATA NO DATA or DMA</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- ATA_PROT_NODATA and ATA_PROT_DMA fall into this category.
- These types of commands don't require any software
- intervention once issued. Device will raise interrupt on
- completion.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>ATA PIO</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- ATA_PROT_PIO is in this category. libata currently
- implements PIO with polling. ATA_NIEN bit is set to turn
- off interrupt and pio_task on ata_wq performs polling and
- IO.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>ATAPI NODATA or DMA</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- ATA_PROT_ATAPI_NODATA and ATA_PROT_ATAPI_DMA are in this
- category. packet_task is used to poll BSY bit after
- issuing PACKET command. Once BSY is turned off by the
- device, packet_task transfers CDB and hands off processing
- to interrupt handler.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>ATAPI PIO</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- ATA_PROT_ATAPI is in this category. ATA_NIEN bit is set
- and, as in ATAPI NODATA or DMA, packet_task submits cdb.
- However, after submitting cdb, further processing (data
- transfer) is handed off to pio_task.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>How commands are completed</title>
- <para>
- Once issued, all qc's are either completed with
- ata_qc_complete() or time out. For commands which are handled
- by interrupts, ata_host_intr() invokes ata_qc_complete(), and,
- for PIO tasks, pio_task invokes ata_qc_complete(). In error
- cases, packet_task may also complete commands.
- </para>
- <para>
- ata_qc_complete() does the following.
- </para>
-
- <orderedlist>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- DMA memory is unmapped.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- ATA_QCFLAG_ACTIVE is clared from qc->flags.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- qc->complete_fn() callback is invoked. If the return value of
- the callback is not zero. Completion is short circuited and
- ata_qc_complete() returns.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- __ata_qc_complete() is called, which does
- <orderedlist>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- qc->flags is cleared to zero.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- ap->active_tag and qc->tag are poisoned.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- qc->waiting is claread &amp; completed (in that order).
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- qc is deallocated by clearing appropriate bit in ap->qactive.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- </orderedlist>
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- </orderedlist>
-
- <para>
- So, it basically notifies upper layer and deallocates qc. One
- exception is short-circuit path in #3 which is used by
- atapi_qc_complete().
- </para>
- <para>
- For all non-ATAPI commands, whether it fails or not, almost
- the same code path is taken and very little error handling
- takes place. A qc is completed with success status if it
- succeeded, with failed status otherwise.
- </para>
- <para>
- However, failed ATAPI commands require more handling as
- REQUEST SENSE is needed to acquire sense data. If an ATAPI
- command fails, ata_qc_complete() is invoked with error status,
- which in turn invokes atapi_qc_complete() via
- qc->complete_fn() callback.
- </para>
- <para>
- This makes atapi_qc_complete() set scmd->result to
- SAM_STAT_CHECK_CONDITION, complete the scmd and return 1. As
- the sense data is empty but scmd->result is CHECK CONDITION,
- SCSI midlayer will invoke EH for the scmd, and returning 1
- makes ata_qc_complete() to return without deallocating the qc.
- This leads us to ata_scsi_error() with partially completed qc.
- </para>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>ata_scsi_error()</title>
- <para>
- ata_scsi_error() is the current transportt->eh_strategy_handler()
- for libata. As discussed above, this will be entered in two
- cases - timeout and ATAPI error completion. This function
- calls low level libata driver's eng_timeout() callback, the
- standard callback for which is ata_eng_timeout(). It checks
- if a qc is active and calls ata_qc_timeout() on the qc if so.
- Actual error handling occurs in ata_qc_timeout().
- </para>
- <para>
- If EH is invoked for timeout, ata_qc_timeout() stops BMDMA and
- completes the qc. Note that as we're currently in EH, we
- cannot call scsi_done. As described in SCSI EH doc, a
- recovered scmd should be either retried with
- scsi_queue_insert() or finished with scsi_finish_command().
- Here, we override qc->scsidone with scsi_finish_command() and
- calls ata_qc_complete().
- </para>
- <para>
- If EH is invoked due to a failed ATAPI qc, the qc here is
- completed but not deallocated. The purpose of this
- half-completion is to use the qc as place holder to make EH
- code reach this place. This is a bit hackish, but it works.
- </para>
- <para>
- Once control reaches here, the qc is deallocated by invoking
- __ata_qc_complete() explicitly. Then, internal qc for REQUEST
- SENSE is issued. Once sense data is acquired, scmd is
- finished by directly invoking scsi_finish_command() on the
- scmd. Note that as we already have completed and deallocated
- the qc which was associated with the scmd, we don't need
- to/cannot call ata_qc_complete() again.
- </para>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1><title>Problems with the current EH</title>
-
- <itemizedlist>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Error representation is too crude. Currently any and all
- error conditions are represented with ATA STATUS and ERROR
- registers. Errors which aren't ATA device errors are treated
- as ATA device errors by setting ATA_ERR bit. Better error
- descriptor which can properly represent ATA and other
- errors/exceptions is needed.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- When handling timeouts, no action is taken to make device
- forget about the timed out command and ready for new commands.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- EH handling via ata_scsi_error() is not properly protected
- from usual command processing. On EH entrance, the device is
- not in quiescent state. Timed out commands may succeed or
- fail any time. pio_task and atapi_task may still be running.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Too weak error recovery. Devices / controllers causing HSM
- mismatch errors and other errors quite often require reset to
- return to known state. Also, advanced error handling is
- necessary to support features like NCQ and hotplug.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- ATA errors are directly handled in the interrupt handler and
- PIO errors in pio_task. This is problematic for advanced
- error handling for the following reasons.
- </para>
- <para>
- First, advanced error handling often requires context and
- internal qc execution.
- </para>
- <para>
- Second, even a simple failure (say, CRC error) needs
- information gathering and could trigger complex error handling
- (say, resetting &amp; reconfiguring). Having multiple code
- paths to gather information, enter EH and trigger actions
- makes life painful.
- </para>
- <para>
- Third, scattered EH code makes implementing low level drivers
- difficult. Low level drivers override libata callbacks. If
- EH is scattered over several places, each affected callbacks
- should perform its part of error handling. This can be error
- prone and painful.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="libataExt">
- <title>libata Library</title>
-!Edrivers/ata/libata-core.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="libataInt">
- <title>libata Core Internals</title>
-!Idrivers/ata/libata-core.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="libataScsiInt">
- <title>libata SCSI translation/emulation</title>
-!Edrivers/ata/libata-scsi.c
-!Idrivers/ata/libata-scsi.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="ataExceptions">
- <title>ATA errors and exceptions</title>
-
- <para>
- This chapter tries to identify what error/exception conditions exist
- for ATA/ATAPI devices and describe how they should be handled in
- implementation-neutral way.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The term 'error' is used to describe conditions where either an
- explicit error condition is reported from device or a command has
- timed out.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The term 'exception' is either used to describe exceptional
- conditions which are not errors (say, power or hotplug events), or
- to describe both errors and non-error exceptional conditions. Where
- explicit distinction between error and exception is necessary, the
- term 'non-error exception' is used.
- </para>
-
- <sect1 id="excat">
- <title>Exception categories</title>
- <para>
- Exceptions are described primarily with respect to legacy
- taskfile + bus master IDE interface. If a controller provides
- other better mechanism for error reporting, mapping those into
- categories described below shouldn't be difficult.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- In the following sections, two recovery actions - reset and
- reconfiguring transport - are mentioned. These are described
- further in <xref linkend="exrec"/>.
- </para>
-
- <sect2 id="excatHSMviolation">
- <title>HSM violation</title>
- <para>
- This error is indicated when STATUS value doesn't match HSM
- requirement during issuing or excution any ATA/ATAPI command.
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <title>Examples</title>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- ATA_STATUS doesn't contain !BSY &amp;&amp; DRDY &amp;&amp; !DRQ while trying
- to issue a command.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- !BSY &amp;&amp; !DRQ during PIO data transfer.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- DRQ on command completion.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- !BSY &amp;&amp; ERR after CDB tranfer starts but before the
- last byte of CDB is transferred. ATA/ATAPI standard states
- that &quot;The device shall not terminate the PACKET command
- with an error before the last byte of the command packet has
- been written&quot; in the error outputs description of PACKET
- command and the state diagram doesn't include such
- transitions.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- In these cases, HSM is violated and not much information
- regarding the error can be acquired from STATUS or ERROR
- register. IOW, this error can be anything - driver bug,
- faulty device, controller and/or cable.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- As HSM is violated, reset is necessary to restore known state.
- Reconfiguring transport for lower speed might be helpful too
- as transmission errors sometimes cause this kind of errors.
- </para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="excatDevErr">
- <title>ATA/ATAPI device error (non-NCQ / non-CHECK CONDITION)</title>
-
- <para>
- These are errors detected and reported by ATA/ATAPI devices
- indicating device problems. For this type of errors, STATUS
- and ERROR register values are valid and describe error
- condition. Note that some of ATA bus errors are detected by
- ATA/ATAPI devices and reported using the same mechanism as
- device errors. Those cases are described later in this
- section.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For ATA commands, this type of errors are indicated by !BSY
- &amp;&amp; ERR during command execution and on completion.
- </para>
-
- <para>For ATAPI commands,</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- !BSY &amp;&amp; ERR &amp;&amp; ABRT right after issuing PACKET
- indicates that PACKET command is not supported and falls in
- this category.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- !BSY &amp;&amp; ERR(==CHK) &amp;&amp; !ABRT after the last
- byte of CDB is transferred indicates CHECK CONDITION and
- doesn't fall in this category.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- !BSY &amp;&amp; ERR(==CHK) &amp;&amp; ABRT after the last byte
- of CDB is transferred *probably* indicates CHECK CONDITION and
- doesn't fall in this category.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- Of errors detected as above, the followings are not ATA/ATAPI
- device errors but ATA bus errors and should be handled
- according to <xref linkend="excatATAbusErr"/>.
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>CRC error during data transfer</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This is indicated by ICRC bit in the ERROR register and
- means that corruption occurred during data transfer. Upto
- ATA/ATAPI-7, the standard specifies that this bit is only
- applicable to UDMA transfers but ATA/ATAPI-8 draft revision
- 1f says that the bit may be applicable to multiword DMA and
- PIO.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>ABRT error during data transfer or on completion</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Upto ATA/ATAPI-7, the standard specifies that ABRT could be
- set on ICRC errors and on cases where a device is not able
- to complete a command. Combined with the fact that MWDMA
- and PIO transfer errors aren't allowed to use ICRC bit upto
- ATA/ATAPI-7, it seems to imply that ABRT bit alone could
- indicate tranfer errors.
- </para>
- <para>
- However, ATA/ATAPI-8 draft revision 1f removes the part
- that ICRC errors can turn on ABRT. So, this is kind of
- gray area. Some heuristics are needed here.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>
- ATA/ATAPI device errors can be further categorized as follows.
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>Media errors</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This is indicated by UNC bit in the ERROR register. ATA
- devices reports UNC error only after certain number of
- retries cannot recover the data, so there's nothing much
- else to do other than notifying upper layer.
- </para>
- <para>
- READ and WRITE commands report CHS or LBA of the first
- failed sector but ATA/ATAPI standard specifies that the
- amount of transferred data on error completion is
- indeterminate, so we cannot assume that sectors preceding
- the failed sector have been transferred and thus cannot
- complete those sectors successfully as SCSI does.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term>Media changed / media change requested error</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- &lt;&lt;TODO: fill here&gt;&gt;
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>Address error</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This is indicated by IDNF bit in the ERROR register.
- Report to upper layer.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>Other errors</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This can be invalid command or parameter indicated by ABRT
- ERROR bit or some other error condition. Note that ABRT
- bit can indicate a lot of things including ICRC and Address
- errors. Heuristics needed.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>
- Depending on commands, not all STATUS/ERROR bits are
- applicable. These non-applicable bits are marked with
- &quot;na&quot; in the output descriptions but upto ATA/ATAPI-7
- no definition of &quot;na&quot; can be found. However,
- ATA/ATAPI-8 draft revision 1f describes &quot;N/A&quot; as
- follows.
- </para>
-
- <blockquote>
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry><term>3.2.3.3a N/A</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- A keyword the indicates a field has no defined value in
- this standard and should not be checked by the host or
- device. N/A fields should be cleared to zero.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </blockquote>
-
- <para>
- So, it seems reasonable to assume that &quot;na&quot; bits are
- cleared to zero by devices and thus need no explicit masking.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="excatATAPIcc">
- <title>ATAPI device CHECK CONDITION</title>
-
- <para>
- ATAPI device CHECK CONDITION error is indicated by set CHK bit
- (ERR bit) in the STATUS register after the last byte of CDB is
- transferred for a PACKET command. For this kind of errors,
- sense data should be acquired to gather information regarding
- the errors. REQUEST SENSE packet command should be used to
- acquire sense data.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Once sense data is acquired, this type of errors can be
- handled similary to other SCSI errors. Note that sense data
- may indicate ATA bus error (e.g. Sense Key 04h HARDWARE ERROR
- &amp;&amp; ASC/ASCQ 47h/00h SCSI PARITY ERROR). In such
- cases, the error should be considered as an ATA bus error and
- handled according to <xref linkend="excatATAbusErr"/>.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="excatNCQerr">
- <title>ATA device error (NCQ)</title>
-
- <para>
- NCQ command error is indicated by cleared BSY and set ERR bit
- during NCQ command phase (one or more NCQ commands
- outstanding). Although STATUS and ERROR registers will
- contain valid values describing the error, READ LOG EXT is
- required to clear the error condition, determine which command
- has failed and acquire more information.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- READ LOG EXT Log Page 10h reports which tag has failed and
- taskfile register values describing the error. With this
- information the failed command can be handled as a normal ATA
- command error as in <xref linkend="excatDevErr"/> and all
- other in-flight commands must be retried. Note that this
- retry should not be counted - it's likely that commands
- retried this way would have completed normally if it were not
- for the failed command.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Note that ATA bus errors can be reported as ATA device NCQ
- errors. This should be handled as described in <xref
- linkend="excatATAbusErr"/>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If READ LOG EXT Log Page 10h fails or reports NQ, we're
- thoroughly screwed. This condition should be treated
- according to <xref linkend="excatHSMviolation"/>.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="excatATAbusErr">
- <title>ATA bus error</title>
-
- <para>
- ATA bus error means that data corruption occurred during
- transmission over ATA bus (SATA or PATA). This type of errors
- can be indicated by
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- ICRC or ABRT error as described in <xref linkend="excatDevErr"/>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Controller-specific error completion with error information
- indicating transmission error.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- On some controllers, command timeout. In this case, there may
- be a mechanism to determine that the timeout is due to
- transmission error.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Unknown/random errors, timeouts and all sorts of weirdities.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- As described above, transmission errors can cause wide variety
- of symptoms ranging from device ICRC error to random device
- lockup, and, for many cases, there is no way to tell if an
- error condition is due to transmission error or not;
- therefore, it's necessary to employ some kind of heuristic
- when dealing with errors and timeouts. For example,
- encountering repetitive ABRT errors for known supported
- command is likely to indicate ATA bus error.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Once it's determined that ATA bus errors have possibly
- occurred, lowering ATA bus transmission speed is one of
- actions which may alleviate the problem. See <xref
- linkend="exrecReconf"/> for more information.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="excatPCIbusErr">
- <title>PCI bus error</title>
-
- <para>
- Data corruption or other failures during transmission over PCI
- (or other system bus). For standard BMDMA, this is indicated
- by Error bit in the BMDMA Status register. This type of
- errors must be logged as it indicates something is very wrong
- with the system. Resetting host controller is recommended.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="excatLateCompletion">
- <title>Late completion</title>
-
- <para>
- This occurs when timeout occurs and the timeout handler finds
- out that the timed out command has completed successfully or
- with error. This is usually caused by lost interrupts. This
- type of errors must be logged. Resetting host controller is
- recommended.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="excatUnknown">
- <title>Unknown error (timeout)</title>
-
- <para>
- This is when timeout occurs and the command is still
- processing or the host and device are in unknown state. When
- this occurs, HSM could be in any valid or invalid state. To
- bring the device to known state and make it forget about the
- timed out command, resetting is necessary. The timed out
- command may be retried.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Timeouts can also be caused by transmission errors. Refer to
- <xref linkend="excatATAbusErr"/> for more details.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="excatHoplugPM">
- <title>Hotplug and power management exceptions</title>
-
- <para>
- &lt;&lt;TODO: fill here&gt;&gt;
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="exrec">
- <title>EH recovery actions</title>
-
- <para>
- This section discusses several important recovery actions.
- </para>
-
- <sect2 id="exrecClr">
- <title>Clearing error condition</title>
-
- <para>
- Many controllers require its error registers to be cleared by
- error handler. Different controllers may have different
- requirements.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For SATA, it's strongly recommended to clear at least SError
- register during error handling.
- </para>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="exrecRst">
- <title>Reset</title>
-
- <para>
- During EH, resetting is necessary in the following cases.
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- HSM is in unknown or invalid state
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- HBA is in unknown or invalid state
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- EH needs to make HBA/device forget about in-flight commands
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- HBA/device behaves weirdly
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- Resetting during EH might be a good idea regardless of error
- condition to improve EH robustness. Whether to reset both or
- either one of HBA and device depends on situation but the
- following scheme is recommended.
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- When it's known that HBA is in ready state but ATA/ATAPI
- device is in unknown state, reset only device.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- If HBA is in unknown state, reset both HBA and device.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- HBA resetting is implementation specific. For a controller
- complying to taskfile/BMDMA PCI IDE, stopping active DMA
- transaction may be sufficient iff BMDMA state is the only HBA
- context. But even mostly taskfile/BMDMA PCI IDE complying
- controllers may have implementation specific requirements and
- mechanism to reset themselves. This must be addressed by
- specific drivers.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- OTOH, ATA/ATAPI standard describes in detail ways to reset
- ATA/ATAPI devices.
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
-
- <varlistentry><term>PATA hardware reset</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This is hardware initiated device reset signalled with
- asserted PATA RESET- signal. There is no standard way to
- initiate hardware reset from software although some
- hardware provides registers that allow driver to directly
- tweak the RESET- signal.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>Software reset</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This is achieved by turning CONTROL SRST bit on for at
- least 5us. Both PATA and SATA support it but, in case of
- SATA, this may require controller-specific support as the
- second Register FIS to clear SRST should be transmitted
- while BSY bit is still set. Note that on PATA, this resets
- both master and slave devices on a channel.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Although ATA/ATAPI standard doesn't describe exactly, EDD
- implies some level of resetting, possibly similar level
- with software reset. Host-side EDD protocol can be handled
- with normal command processing and most SATA controllers
- should be able to handle EDD's just like other commands.
- As in software reset, EDD affects both devices on a PATA
- bus.
- </para>
- <para>
- Although EDD does reset devices, this doesn't suit error
- handling as EDD cannot be issued while BSY is set and it's
- unclear how it will act when device is in unknown/weird
- state.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>ATAPI DEVICE RESET command</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This is very similar to software reset except that reset
- can be restricted to the selected device without affecting
- the other device sharing the cable.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>SATA phy reset</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This is the preferred way of resetting a SATA device. In
- effect, it's identical to PATA hardware reset. Note that
- this can be done with the standard SCR Control register.
- As such, it's usually easier to implement than software
- reset.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>
- One more thing to consider when resetting devices is that
- resetting clears certain configuration parameters and they
- need to be set to their previous or newly adjusted values
- after reset.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Parameters affected are.
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- CHS set up with INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS (seldomly used)
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Parameters set with SET FEATURES including transfer mode setting
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Block count set with SET MULTIPLE MODE
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Other parameters (SET MAX, MEDIA LOCK...)
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- ATA/ATAPI standard specifies that some parameters must be
- maintained across hardware or software reset, but doesn't
- strictly specify all of them. Always reconfiguring needed
- parameters after reset is required for robustness. Note that
- this also applies when resuming from deep sleep (power-off).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Also, ATA/ATAPI standard requires that IDENTIFY DEVICE /
- IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE is issued after any configuration
- parameter is updated or a hardware reset and the result used
- for further operation. OS driver is required to implement
- revalidation mechanism to support this.
- </para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="exrecReconf">
- <title>Reconfigure transport</title>
-
- <para>
- For both PATA and SATA, a lot of corners are cut for cheap
- connectors, cables or controllers and it's quite common to see
- high transmission error rate. This can be mitigated by
- lowering transmission speed.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The following is a possible scheme Jeff Garzik suggested.
- </para>
-
- <blockquote>
- <para>
- If more than $N (3?) transmission errors happen in 15 minutes,
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- if SATA, decrease SATA PHY speed. if speed cannot be decreased,
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- decrease UDMA xfer speed. if at UDMA0, switch to PIO4,
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- decrease PIO xfer speed. if at PIO3, complain, but continue
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </blockquote>
-
- </sect2>
-
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="PiixInt">
- <title>ata_piix Internals</title>
-!Idrivers/ata/ata_piix.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="SILInt">
- <title>sata_sil Internals</title>
-!Idrivers/ata/sata_sil.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="libataThanks">
- <title>Thanks</title>
- <para>
- The bulk of the ATA knowledge comes thanks to long conversations with
- Andre Hedrick (www.linux-ide.org), and long hours pondering the ATA
- and SCSI specifications.
- </para>
- <para>
- Thanks to Alan Cox for pointing out similarities
- between SATA and SCSI, and in general for motivation to hack on
- libata.
- </para>
- <para>
- libata's device detection
- method, ata_pio_devchk, and in general all the early probing was
- based on extensive study of Hale Landis's probe/reset code in his
- ATADRVR driver (www.ata-atapi.com).
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/librs.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/librs.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 94f21361e0ed..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/librs.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,289 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="Reed-Solomon-Library-Guide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Reed-Solomon Library Programming Interface</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
- <surname>Gleixner</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>tglx@linutronix.de</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2004</year>
- <holder>Thomas Gleixner</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- The generic Reed-Solomon Library provides encoding, decoding
- and error correction functions.
- </para>
- <para>
- Reed-Solomon codes are used in communication and storage
- applications to ensure data integrity.
- </para>
- <para>
- This documentation is provided for developers who want to utilize
- the functions provided by the library.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="bugs">
- <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
- <para>
- None.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="usage">
- <title>Usage</title>
- <para>
- This chapter provides examples of how to use the library.
- </para>
- <sect1>
- <title>Initializing</title>
- <para>
- The init function init_rs returns a pointer to an
- rs decoder structure, which holds the necessary
- information for encoding, decoding and error correction
- with the given polynomial. It either uses an existing
- matching decoder or creates a new one. On creation all
- the lookup tables for fast en/decoding are created.
- The function may take a while, so make sure not to
- call it in critical code paths.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-/* the Reed Solomon control structure */
-static struct rs_control *rs_decoder;
-
-/* Symbolsize is 10 (bits)
- * Primitive polynomial is x^10+x^3+1
- * first consecutive root is 0
- * primitive element to generate roots = 1
- * generator polynomial degree (number of roots) = 6
- */
-rs_decoder = init_rs (10, 0x409, 0, 1, 6);
- </programlisting>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>Encoding</title>
- <para>
- The encoder calculates the Reed-Solomon code over
- the given data length and stores the result in
- the parity buffer. Note that the parity buffer must
- be initialized before calling the encoder.
- </para>
- <para>
- The expanded data can be inverted on the fly by
- providing a non-zero inversion mask. The expanded data is
- XOR'ed with the mask. This is used e.g. for FLASH
- ECC, where the all 0xFF is inverted to an all 0x00.
- The Reed-Solomon code for all 0x00 is all 0x00. The
- code is inverted before storing to FLASH so it is 0xFF
- too. This prevents that reading from an erased FLASH
- results in ECC errors.
- </para>
- <para>
- The databytes are expanded to the given symbol size
- on the fly. There is no support for encoding continuous
- bitstreams with a symbol size != 8 at the moment. If
- it is necessary it should be not a big deal to implement
- such functionality.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-/* Parity buffer. Size = number of roots */
-uint16_t par[6];
-/* Initialize the parity buffer */
-memset(par, 0, sizeof(par));
-/* Encode 512 byte in data8. Store parity in buffer par */
-encode_rs8 (rs_decoder, data8, 512, par, 0);
- </programlisting>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>Decoding</title>
- <para>
- The decoder calculates the syndrome over
- the given data length and the received parity symbols
- and corrects errors in the data.
- </para>
- <para>
- If a syndrome is available from a hardware decoder
- then the syndrome calculation is skipped.
- </para>
- <para>
- The correction of the data buffer can be suppressed
- by providing a correction pattern buffer and an error
- location buffer to the decoder. The decoder stores the
- calculated error location and the correction bitmask
- in the given buffers. This is useful for hardware
- decoders which use a weird bit ordering scheme.
- </para>
- <para>
- The databytes are expanded to the given symbol size
- on the fly. There is no support for decoding continuous
- bitstreams with a symbolsize != 8 at the moment. If
- it is necessary it should be not a big deal to implement
- such functionality.
- </para>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>
- Decoding with syndrome calculation, direct data correction
- </title>
- <programlisting>
-/* Parity buffer. Size = number of roots */
-uint16_t par[6];
-uint8_t data[512];
-int numerr;
-/* Receive data */
-.....
-/* Receive parity */
-.....
-/* Decode 512 byte in data8.*/
-numerr = decode_rs8 (rs_decoder, data8, par, 512, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
- </programlisting>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>
- Decoding with syndrome given by hardware decoder, direct data correction
- </title>
- <programlisting>
-/* Parity buffer. Size = number of roots */
-uint16_t par[6], syn[6];
-uint8_t data[512];
-int numerr;
-/* Receive data */
-.....
-/* Receive parity */
-.....
-/* Get syndrome from hardware decoder */
-.....
-/* Decode 512 byte in data8.*/
-numerr = decode_rs8 (rs_decoder, data8, par, 512, syn, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
- </programlisting>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>
- Decoding with syndrome given by hardware decoder, no direct data correction.
- </title>
- <para>
- Note: It's not necessary to give data and received parity to the decoder.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-/* Parity buffer. Size = number of roots */
-uint16_t par[6], syn[6], corr[8];
-uint8_t data[512];
-int numerr, errpos[8];
-/* Receive data */
-.....
-/* Receive parity */
-.....
-/* Get syndrome from hardware decoder */
-.....
-/* Decode 512 byte in data8.*/
-numerr = decode_rs8 (rs_decoder, NULL, NULL, 512, syn, 0, errpos, 0, corr);
-for (i = 0; i &lt; numerr; i++) {
- do_error_correction_in_your_buffer(errpos[i], corr[i]);
-}
- </programlisting>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>Cleanup</title>
- <para>
- The function free_rs frees the allocated resources,
- if the caller is the last user of the decoder.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-/* Release resources */
-free_rs(rs_decoder);
- </programlisting>
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="structs">
- <title>Structures</title>
- <para>
- This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the structures which are
- used in the Reed-Solomon Library and are relevant for a developer.
- </para>
-!Iinclude/linux/rslib.h
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="pubfunctions">
- <title>Public Functions Provided</title>
- <para>
- This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the Reed-Solomon functions
- which are exported.
- </para>
-!Elib/reed_solomon/reed_solomon.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="credits">
- <title>Credits</title>
- <para>
- The library code for encoding and decoding was written by Phil Karn.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
- Copyright 2002, Phil Karn, KA9Q
- May be used under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The wrapper functions and interfaces are written by Thomas Gleixner.
- </para>
- <para>
- Many users have provided bugfixes, improvements and helping hands for testing.
- Thanks a lot.
- </para>
- <para>
- The following people have contributed to this document:
- </para>
- <para>
- Thomas Gleixner<email>tglx@linutronix.de</email>
- </para>
- </chapter>
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/lsm.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/lsm.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index fe7664ce9667..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/lsm.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<article class="whitepaper" id="LinuxSecurityModule" lang="en">
- <articleinfo>
- <title>Linux Security Modules: General Security Hooks for Linux</title>
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Stephen</firstname>
- <surname>Smalley</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <orgname>NAI Labs</orgname>
- <address><email>ssmalley@nai.com</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- <author>
- <firstname>Timothy</firstname>
- <surname>Fraser</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <orgname>NAI Labs</orgname>
- <address><email>tfraser@nai.com</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- <author>
- <firstname>Chris</firstname>
- <surname>Vance</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <orgname>NAI Labs</orgname>
- <address><email>cvance@nai.com</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
- </articleinfo>
-
-<sect1 id="Introduction"><title>Introduction</title>
-
-<para>
-In March 2001, the National Security Agency (NSA) gave a presentation
-about Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) at the 2.5 Linux Kernel
-Summit. SELinux is an implementation of flexible and fine-grained
-nondiscretionary access controls in the Linux kernel, originally
-implemented as its own particular kernel patch. Several other
-security projects (e.g. RSBAC, Medusa) have also developed flexible
-access control architectures for the Linux kernel, and various
-projects have developed particular access control models for Linux
-(e.g. LIDS, DTE, SubDomain). Each project has developed and
-maintained its own kernel patch to support its security needs.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-In response to the NSA presentation, Linus Torvalds made a set of
-remarks that described a security framework he would be willing to
-consider for inclusion in the mainstream Linux kernel. He described a
-general framework that would provide a set of security hooks to
-control operations on kernel objects and a set of opaque security
-fields in kernel data structures for maintaining security attributes.
-This framework could then be used by loadable kernel modules to
-implement any desired model of security. Linus also suggested the
-possibility of migrating the Linux capabilities code into such a
-module.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The Linux Security Modules (LSM) project was started by WireX to
-develop such a framework. LSM is a joint development effort by
-several security projects, including Immunix, SELinux, SGI and Janus,
-and several individuals, including Greg Kroah-Hartman and James
-Morris, to develop a Linux kernel patch that implements this
-framework. The patch is currently tracking the 2.4 series and is
-targeted for integration into the 2.5 development series. This
-technical report provides an overview of the framework and the example
-capabilities security module provided by the LSM kernel patch.
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="framework"><title>LSM Framework</title>
-
-<para>
-The LSM kernel patch provides a general kernel framework to support
-security modules. In particular, the LSM framework is primarily
-focused on supporting access control modules, although future
-development is likely to address other security needs such as
-auditing. By itself, the framework does not provide any additional
-security; it merely provides the infrastructure to support security
-modules. The LSM kernel patch also moves most of the capabilities
-logic into an optional security module, with the system defaulting
-to the traditional superuser logic. This capabilities module
-is discussed further in <xref linkend="cap"/>.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The LSM kernel patch adds security fields to kernel data structures
-and inserts calls to hook functions at critical points in the kernel
-code to manage the security fields and to perform access control. It
-also adds functions for registering and unregistering security
-modules, and adds a general <function>security</function> system call
-to support new system calls for security-aware applications.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The LSM security fields are simply <type>void*</type> pointers. For
-process and program execution security information, security fields
-were added to <structname>struct task_struct</structname> and
-<structname>struct linux_binprm</structname>. For filesystem security
-information, a security field was added to
-<structname>struct super_block</structname>. For pipe, file, and socket
-security information, security fields were added to
-<structname>struct inode</structname> and
-<structname>struct file</structname>. For packet and network device security
-information, security fields were added to
-<structname>struct sk_buff</structname> and
-<structname>struct net_device</structname>. For System V IPC security
-information, security fields were added to
-<structname>struct kern_ipc_perm</structname> and
-<structname>struct msg_msg</structname>; additionally, the definitions
-for <structname>struct msg_msg</structname>, <structname>struct
-msg_queue</structname>, and <structname>struct
-shmid_kernel</structname> were moved to header files
-(<filename>include/linux/msg.h</filename> and
-<filename>include/linux/shm.h</filename> as appropriate) to allow
-the security modules to use these definitions.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Each LSM hook is a function pointer in a global table,
-security_ops. This table is a
-<structname>security_operations</structname> structure as defined by
-<filename>include/linux/security.h</filename>. Detailed documentation
-for each hook is included in this header file. At present, this
-structure consists of a collection of substructures that group related
-hooks based on the kernel object (e.g. task, inode, file, sk_buff,
-etc) as well as some top-level hook function pointers for system
-operations. This structure is likely to be flattened in the future
-for performance. The placement of the hook calls in the kernel code
-is described by the "called:" lines in the per-hook documentation in
-the header file. The hook calls can also be easily found in the
-kernel code by looking for the string "security_ops->".
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Linus mentioned per-process security hooks in his original remarks as a
-possible alternative to global security hooks. However, if LSM were
-to start from the perspective of per-process hooks, then the base
-framework would have to deal with how to handle operations that
-involve multiple processes (e.g. kill), since each process might have
-its own hook for controlling the operation. This would require a
-general mechanism for composing hooks in the base framework.
-Additionally, LSM would still need global hooks for operations that
-have no process context (e.g. network input operations).
-Consequently, LSM provides global security hooks, but a security
-module is free to implement per-process hooks (where that makes sense)
-by storing a security_ops table in each process' security field and
-then invoking these per-process hooks from the global hooks.
-The problem of composition is thus deferred to the module.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The global security_ops table is initialized to a set of hook
-functions provided by a dummy security module that provides
-traditional superuser logic. A <function>register_security</function>
-function (in <filename>security/security.c</filename>) is provided to
-allow a security module to set security_ops to refer to its own hook
-functions, and an <function>unregister_security</function> function is
-provided to revert security_ops to the dummy module hooks. This
-mechanism is used to set the primary security module, which is
-responsible for making the final decision for each hook.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-LSM also provides a simple mechanism for stacking additional security
-modules with the primary security module. It defines
-<function>register_security</function> and
-<function>unregister_security</function> hooks in the
-<structname>security_operations</structname> structure and provides
-<function>mod_reg_security</function> and
-<function>mod_unreg_security</function> functions that invoke these
-hooks after performing some sanity checking. A security module can
-call these functions in order to stack with other modules. However,
-the actual details of how this stacking is handled are deferred to the
-module, which can implement these hooks in any way it wishes
-(including always returning an error if it does not wish to support
-stacking). In this manner, LSM again defers the problem of
-composition to the module.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Although the LSM hooks are organized into substructures based on
-kernel object, all of the hooks can be viewed as falling into two
-major categories: hooks that are used to manage the security fields
-and hooks that are used to perform access control. Examples of the
-first category of hooks include the
-<function>alloc_security</function> and
-<function>free_security</function> hooks defined for each kernel data
-structure that has a security field. These hooks are used to allocate
-and free security structures for kernel objects. The first category
-of hooks also includes hooks that set information in the security
-field after allocation, such as the <function>post_lookup</function>
-hook in <structname>struct inode_security_ops</structname>. This hook
-is used to set security information for inodes after successful lookup
-operations. An example of the second category of hooks is the
-<function>permission</function> hook in
-<structname>struct inode_security_ops</structname>. This hook checks
-permission when accessing an inode.
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="cap"><title>LSM Capabilities Module</title>
-
-<para>
-The LSM kernel patch moves most of the existing POSIX.1e capabilities
-logic into an optional security module stored in the file
-<filename>security/capability.c</filename>. This change allows
-users who do not want to use capabilities to omit this code entirely
-from their kernel, instead using the dummy module for traditional
-superuser logic or any other module that they desire. This change
-also allows the developers of the capabilities logic to maintain and
-enhance their code more freely, without needing to integrate patches
-back into the base kernel.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-In addition to moving the capabilities logic, the LSM kernel patch
-could move the capability-related fields from the kernel data
-structures into the new security fields managed by the security
-modules. However, at present, the LSM kernel patch leaves the
-capability fields in the kernel data structures. In his original
-remarks, Linus suggested that this might be preferable so that other
-security modules can be easily stacked with the capabilities module
-without needing to chain multiple security structures on the security field.
-It also avoids imposing extra overhead on the capabilities module
-to manage the security fields. However, the LSM framework could
-certainly support such a move if it is determined to be desirable,
-with only a few additional changes described below.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-At present, the capabilities logic for computing process capabilities
-on <function>execve</function> and <function>set*uid</function>,
-checking capabilities for a particular process, saving and checking
-capabilities for netlink messages, and handling the
-<function>capget</function> and <function>capset</function> system
-calls have been moved into the capabilities module. There are still a
-few locations in the base kernel where capability-related fields are
-directly examined or modified, but the current version of the LSM
-patch does allow a security module to completely replace the
-assignment and testing of capabilities. These few locations would
-need to be changed if the capability-related fields were moved into
-the security field. The following is a list of known locations that
-still perform such direct examination or modification of
-capability-related fields:
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para><filename>fs/open.c</filename>:<function>sys_access</function></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para><filename>fs/lockd/host.c</filename>:<function>nlm_bind_host</function></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para><filename>fs/nfsd/auth.c</filename>:<function>nfsd_setuser</function></para></listitem>
-<listitem><para><filename>fs/proc/array.c</filename>:<function>task_cap</function></para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-</article>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/mac80211.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/mac80211.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index b651e0a4b1c0..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/mac80211.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,335 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="mac80211-developers-guide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>The mac80211 subsystem for kernel developers</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Johannes</firstname>
- <surname>Berg</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address><email>johannes@sipsolutions.net</email></address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2007</year>
- <year>2008</year>
- <holder>Johannes Berg</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this documentation; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
-
- <abstract>
-!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Introduction
-!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Warning
- </abstract>
- </bookinfo>
-
- <toc></toc>
-
-<!--
-Generally, this document shall be ordered by increasing complexity.
-It is important to note that readers should be able to read only
-the first few sections to get a working driver and only advanced
-usage should require reading the full document.
--->
-
- <part>
- <title>The basic mac80211 driver interface</title>
- <partintro>
- <para>
- You should read and understand the information contained
- within this part of the book while implementing a driver.
- In some chapters, advanced usage is noted, that may be
- skipped at first.
- </para>
- <para>
- This part of the book only covers station and monitor mode
- functionality, additional information required to implement
- the other modes is covered in the second part of the book.
- </para>
- </partintro>
-
- <chapter id="basics">
- <title>Basic hardware handling</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- <para>
- This chapter shall contain information on getting a hw
- struct allocated and registered with mac80211.
- </para>
- <para>
- Since it is required to allocate rates/modes before registering
- a hw struct, this chapter shall also contain information on setting
- up the rate/mode structs.
- </para>
- <para>
- Additionally, some discussion about the callbacks and
- the general programming model should be in here, including
- the definition of ieee80211_ops which will be referred to
- a lot.
- </para>
- <para>
- Finally, a discussion of hardware capabilities should be done
- with references to other parts of the book.
- </para>
-<!-- intentionally multiple !F lines to get proper order -->
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hw
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hw_flags
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h SET_IEEE80211_DEV
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h SET_IEEE80211_PERM_ADDR
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ops
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_alloc_hw
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_register_hw
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tx_led_name
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_rx_led_name
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_assoc_led_name
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_radio_led_name
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_unregister_hw
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_free_hw
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="phy-handling">
- <title>PHY configuration</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- <para>
- This chapter should describe PHY handling including
- start/stop callbacks and the various structures used.
- </para>
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_conf
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_conf_flags
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="iface-handling">
- <title>Virtual interfaces</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- <para>
- This chapter should describe virtual interface basics
- that are relevant to the driver (VLANs, MGMT etc are not.)
- It should explain the use of the add_iface/remove_iface
- callbacks as well as the interface configuration callbacks.
- </para>
- <para>Things related to AP mode should be discussed there.</para>
- <para>
- Things related to supporting multiple interfaces should be
- in the appropriate chapter, a BIG FAT note should be here about
- this though and the recommendation to allow only a single
- interface in STA mode at first!
- </para>
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_types
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_init_conf
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_conf
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="rx-tx">
- <title>Receive and transmit processing</title>
- <sect1>
- <title>what should be here</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- <para>
- This should describe the receive and transmit
- paths in mac80211/the drivers as well as
- transmit status handling.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>Frame format</title>
-!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Frame format
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>Alignment issues</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>Calling into mac80211 from interrupts</title>
-!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Calling mac80211 from interrupts
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>functions/definitions</title>
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_status
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_rx_flags
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_control
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_flags
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_irqsafe
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rts_get
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rts_duration
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_get
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_duration
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_generic_frame_duration
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_hdrlen_from_skb
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_hdrlen
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queue
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queue
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_start_queues
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queues
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queues
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="filters">
- <title>Frame filtering</title>
-!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Frame filtering
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_filter_flags
- </chapter>
- </part>
-
- <part id="advanced">
- <title>Advanced driver interface</title>
- <partintro>
- <para>
- Information contained within this part of the book is
- of interest only for advanced interaction of mac80211
- with drivers to exploit more hardware capabilities and
- improve performance.
- </para>
- </partintro>
-
- <chapter id="hardware-crypto-offload">
- <title>Hardware crypto acceleration</title>
-!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Hardware crypto acceleration
-<!-- intentionally multiple !F lines to get proper order -->
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h set_key_cmd
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_conf
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_alg
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_flags
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="qos">
- <title>Multiple queues and QoS support</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue_params
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue_stats_data
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="AP">
- <title>Access point mode support</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- <para>Some parts of the if_conf should be discussed here instead</para>
- <para>
- Insert notes about VLAN interfaces with hw crypto here or
- in the hw crypto chapter.
- </para>
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_buffered_bc
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_beacon_get
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="multi-iface">
- <title>Supporting multiple virtual interfaces</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- <para>
- Note: WDS with identical MAC address should almost always be OK
- </para>
- <para>
- Insert notes about having multiple virtual interfaces with
- different MAC addresses here, note which configurations are
- supported by mac80211, add notes about supporting hw crypto
- with it.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="hardware-scan-offload">
- <title>Hardware scan offload</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_scan_completed
- </chapter>
- </part>
-
- <part id="rate-control">
- <title>Rate control interface</title>
- <partintro>
- <para>TBD</para>
- <para>
- This part of the book describes the rate control algorithm
- interface and how it relates to mac80211 and drivers.
- </para>
- </partintro>
- <chapter id="dummy">
- <title>dummy chapter</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- </chapter>
- </part>
-
- <part id="internal">
- <title>Internals</title>
- <partintro>
- <para>TBD</para>
- <para>
- This part of the book describes mac80211 internals.
- </para>
- </partintro>
-
- <chapter id="key-handling">
- <title>Key handling</title>
- <sect1>
- <title>Key handling basics</title>
-!Pnet/mac80211/key.c Key handling basics
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>MORE TBD</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="rx-processing">
- <title>Receive processing</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="tx-processing">
- <title>Transmit processing</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="sta-info">
- <title>Station info handling</title>
- <sect1>
- <title>Programming information</title>
-!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h sta_info
-!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h ieee80211_sta_info_flags
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>STA information lifetime rules</title>
-!Pnet/mac80211/sta_info.c STA information lifetime rules
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="synchronisation">
- <title>Synchronisation</title>
- <para>TBD</para>
- <para>Locking, lots of RCU</para>
- </chapter>
- </part>
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/mcabook.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/mcabook.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 529a53dc1389..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/mcabook.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="MCAGuide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>MCA Driver Programming Interface</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Alan</firstname>
- <surname>Cox</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>alan@redhat.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- <author>
- <firstname>David</firstname>
- <surname>Weinehall</surname>
- </author>
- <author>
- <firstname>Chris</firstname>
- <surname>Beauregard</surname>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2000</year>
- <holder>Alan Cox</holder>
- <holder>David Weinehall</holder>
- <holder>Chris Beauregard</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- The MCA bus functions provide a generalised interface to find MCA
- bus cards, to claim them for a driver, and to read and manipulate POS
- registers without being aware of the motherboard internals or
- certain deep magic specific to onboard devices.
- </para>
- <para>
- The basic interface to the MCA bus devices is the slot. Each slot
- is numbered and virtual slot numbers are assigned to the internal
- devices. Using a pci_dev as other busses do does not really make
- sense in the MCA context as the MCA bus resources require card
- specific interpretation.
- </para>
- <para>
- Finally the MCA bus functions provide a parallel set of DMA
- functions mimicing the ISA bus DMA functions as closely as possible,
- although also supporting the additional DMA functionality on the
- MCA bus controllers.
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="bugs">
- <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
- <para>
- None.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="pubfunctions">
- <title>Public Functions Provided</title>
-!Edrivers/mca/mca-legacy.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="dmafunctions">
- <title>DMA Functions Provided</title>
-!Iinclude/asm-x86/mca_dma.h
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/mtdnand.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/mtdnand.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e145857fc9d..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/mtdnand.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1318 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="MTD-NAND-Guide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>MTD NAND Driver Programming Interface</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
- <surname>Gleixner</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>tglx@linutronix.de</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2004</year>
- <holder>Thomas Gleixner</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- The generic NAND driver supports almost all NAND and AG-AND based
- chips and connects them to the Memory Technology Devices (MTD)
- subsystem of the Linux Kernel.
- </para>
- <para>
- This documentation is provided for developers who want to implement
- board drivers or filesystem drivers suitable for NAND devices.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="bugs">
- <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
- <para>
- None.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="dochints">
- <title>Documentation hints</title>
- <para>
- The function and structure docs are autogenerated. Each function and
- struct member has a short description which is marked with an [XXX] identifier.
- The following chapters explain the meaning of those identifiers.
- </para>
- <sect1 id="Function_identifiers_XXX">
- <title>Function identifiers [XXX]</title>
- <para>
- The functions are marked with [XXX] identifiers in the short
- comment. The identifiers explain the usage and scope of the
- functions. Following identifiers are used:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>
- [MTD Interface]</para><para>
- These functions provide the interface to the MTD kernel API.
- They are not replacable and provide functionality
- which is complete hardware independent.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- [NAND Interface]</para><para>
- These functions are exported and provide the interface to the NAND kernel API.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- [GENERIC]</para><para>
- Generic functions are not replacable and provide functionality
- which is complete hardware independent.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- [DEFAULT]</para><para>
- Default functions provide hardware related functionality which is suitable
- for most of the implementations. These functions can be replaced by the
- board driver if neccecary. Those functions are called via pointers in the
- NAND chip description structure. The board driver can set the functions which
- should be replaced by board dependent functions before calling nand_scan().
- If the function pointer is NULL on entry to nand_scan() then the pointer
- is set to the default function which is suitable for the detected chip type.
- </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Struct_member_identifiers_XXX">
- <title>Struct member identifiers [XXX]</title>
- <para>
- The struct members are marked with [XXX] identifiers in the
- comment. The identifiers explain the usage and scope of the
- members. Following identifiers are used:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>
- [INTERN]</para><para>
- These members are for NAND driver internal use only and must not be
- modified. Most of these values are calculated from the chip geometry
- information which is evaluated during nand_scan().
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- [REPLACEABLE]</para><para>
- Replaceable members hold hardware related functions which can be
- provided by the board driver. The board driver can set the functions which
- should be replaced by board dependent functions before calling nand_scan().
- If the function pointer is NULL on entry to nand_scan() then the pointer
- is set to the default function which is suitable for the detected chip type.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- [BOARDSPECIFIC]</para><para>
- Board specific members hold hardware related information which must
- be provided by the board driver. The board driver must set the function
- pointers and datafields before calling nand_scan().
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- [OPTIONAL]</para><para>
- Optional members can hold information relevant for the board driver. The
- generic NAND driver code does not use this information.
- </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="basicboarddriver">
- <title>Basic board driver</title>
- <para>
- For most boards it will be sufficient to provide just the
- basic functions and fill out some really board dependent
- members in the nand chip description structure.
- </para>
- <sect1 id="Basic_defines">
- <title>Basic defines</title>
- <para>
- At least you have to provide a mtd structure and
- a storage for the ioremap'ed chip address.
- You can allocate the mtd structure using kmalloc
- or you can allocate it statically.
- In case of static allocation you have to allocate
- a nand_chip structure too.
- </para>
- <para>
- Kmalloc based example
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static struct mtd_info *board_mtd;
-static unsigned long baseaddr;
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- Static example
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static struct mtd_info board_mtd;
-static struct nand_chip board_chip;
-static unsigned long baseaddr;
- </programlisting>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Partition_defines">
- <title>Partition defines</title>
- <para>
- If you want to divide your device into partitions, then
- enable the configuration switch CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS and define
- a partitioning scheme suitable to your board.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-#define NUM_PARTITIONS 2
-static struct mtd_partition partition_info[] = {
- { .name = "Flash partition 1",
- .offset = 0,
- .size = 8 * 1024 * 1024 },
- { .name = "Flash partition 2",
- .offset = MTDPART_OFS_NEXT,
- .size = MTDPART_SIZ_FULL },
-};
- </programlisting>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Hardware_control_functions">
- <title>Hardware control function</title>
- <para>
- The hardware control function provides access to the
- control pins of the NAND chip(s).
- The access can be done by GPIO pins or by address lines.
- If you use address lines, make sure that the timing
- requirements are met.
- </para>
- <para>
- <emphasis>GPIO based example</emphasis>
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static void board_hwcontrol(struct mtd_info *mtd, int cmd)
-{
- switch(cmd){
- case NAND_CTL_SETCLE: /* Set CLE pin high */ break;
- case NAND_CTL_CLRCLE: /* Set CLE pin low */ break;
- case NAND_CTL_SETALE: /* Set ALE pin high */ break;
- case NAND_CTL_CLRALE: /* Set ALE pin low */ break;
- case NAND_CTL_SETNCE: /* Set nCE pin low */ break;
- case NAND_CTL_CLRNCE: /* Set nCE pin high */ break;
- }
-}
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- <emphasis>Address lines based example.</emphasis> It's assumed that the
- nCE pin is driven by a chip select decoder.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static void board_hwcontrol(struct mtd_info *mtd, int cmd)
-{
- struct nand_chip *this = (struct nand_chip *) mtd->priv;
- switch(cmd){
- case NAND_CTL_SETCLE: this->IO_ADDR_W |= CLE_ADRR_BIT; break;
- case NAND_CTL_CLRCLE: this->IO_ADDR_W &amp;= ~CLE_ADRR_BIT; break;
- case NAND_CTL_SETALE: this->IO_ADDR_W |= ALE_ADRR_BIT; break;
- case NAND_CTL_CLRALE: this->IO_ADDR_W &amp;= ~ALE_ADRR_BIT; break;
- }
-}
- </programlisting>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Device_ready_function">
- <title>Device ready function</title>
- <para>
- If the hardware interface has the ready busy pin of the NAND chip connected to a
- GPIO or other accesible I/O pin, this function is used to read back the state of the
- pin. The function has no arguments and should return 0, if the device is busy (R/B pin
- is low) and 1, if the device is ready (R/B pin is high).
- If the hardware interface does not give access to the ready busy pin, then
- the function must not be defined and the function pointer this->dev_ready is set to NULL.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Init_function">
- <title>Init function</title>
- <para>
- The init function allocates memory and sets up all the board
- specific parameters and function pointers. When everything
- is set up nand_scan() is called. This function tries to
- detect and identify then chip. If a chip is found all the
- internal data fields are initialized accordingly.
- The structure(s) have to be zeroed out first and then filled with the neccecary
- information about the device.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-int __init board_init (void)
-{
- struct nand_chip *this;
- int err = 0;
-
- /* Allocate memory for MTD device structure and private data */
- board_mtd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct mtd_info) + sizeof(struct nand_chip), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!board_mtd) {
- printk ("Unable to allocate NAND MTD device structure.\n");
- err = -ENOMEM;
- goto out;
- }
-
- /* map physical address */
- baseaddr = (unsigned long)ioremap(CHIP_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS, 1024);
- if(!baseaddr){
- printk("Ioremap to access NAND chip failed\n");
- err = -EIO;
- goto out_mtd;
- }
-
- /* Get pointer to private data */
- this = (struct nand_chip *) ();
- /* Link the private data with the MTD structure */
- board_mtd->priv = this;
-
- /* Set address of NAND IO lines */
- this->IO_ADDR_R = baseaddr;
- this->IO_ADDR_W = baseaddr;
- /* Reference hardware control function */
- this->hwcontrol = board_hwcontrol;
- /* Set command delay time, see datasheet for correct value */
- this->chip_delay = CHIP_DEPENDEND_COMMAND_DELAY;
- /* Assign the device ready function, if available */
- this->dev_ready = board_dev_ready;
- this->eccmode = NAND_ECC_SOFT;
-
- /* Scan to find existence of the device */
- if (nand_scan (board_mtd, 1)) {
- err = -ENXIO;
- goto out_ior;
- }
-
- add_mtd_partitions(board_mtd, partition_info, NUM_PARTITIONS);
- goto out;
-
-out_ior:
- iounmap((void *)baseaddr);
-out_mtd:
- kfree (board_mtd);
-out:
- return err;
-}
-module_init(board_init);
- </programlisting>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Exit_function">
- <title>Exit function</title>
- <para>
- The exit function is only neccecary if the driver is
- compiled as a module. It releases all resources which
- are held by the chip driver and unregisters the partitions
- in the MTD layer.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-#ifdef MODULE
-static void __exit board_cleanup (void)
-{
- /* Release resources, unregister device */
- nand_release (board_mtd);
-
- /* unmap physical address */
- iounmap((void *)baseaddr);
-
- /* Free the MTD device structure */
- kfree (board_mtd);
-}
-module_exit(board_cleanup);
-#endif
- </programlisting>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="boarddriversadvanced">
- <title>Advanced board driver functions</title>
- <para>
- This chapter describes the advanced functionality of the NAND
- driver. For a list of functions which can be overridden by the board
- driver see the documentation of the nand_chip structure.
- </para>
- <sect1 id="Multiple_chip_control">
- <title>Multiple chip control</title>
- <para>
- The nand driver can control chip arrays. Therefor the
- board driver must provide an own select_chip function. This
- function must (de)select the requested chip.
- The function pointer in the nand_chip structure must
- be set before calling nand_scan(). The maxchip parameter
- of nand_scan() defines the maximum number of chips to
- scan for. Make sure that the select_chip function can
- handle the requested number of chips.
- </para>
- <para>
- The nand driver concatenates the chips to one virtual
- chip and provides this virtual chip to the MTD layer.
- </para>
- <para>
- <emphasis>Note: The driver can only handle linear chip arrays
- of equally sized chips. There is no support for
- parallel arrays which extend the buswidth.</emphasis>
- </para>
- <para>
- <emphasis>GPIO based example</emphasis>
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static void board_select_chip (struct mtd_info *mtd, int chip)
-{
- /* Deselect all chips, set all nCE pins high */
- GPIO(BOARD_NAND_NCE) |= 0xff;
- if (chip >= 0)
- GPIO(BOARD_NAND_NCE) &amp;= ~ (1 &lt;&lt; chip);
-}
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- <emphasis>Address lines based example.</emphasis>
- Its assumed that the nCE pins are connected to an
- address decoder.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static void board_select_chip (struct mtd_info *mtd, int chip)
-{
- struct nand_chip *this = (struct nand_chip *) mtd->priv;
-
- /* Deselect all chips */
- this->IO_ADDR_R &amp;= ~BOARD_NAND_ADDR_MASK;
- this->IO_ADDR_W &amp;= ~BOARD_NAND_ADDR_MASK;
- switch (chip) {
- case 0:
- this->IO_ADDR_R |= BOARD_NAND_ADDR_CHIP0;
- this->IO_ADDR_W |= BOARD_NAND_ADDR_CHIP0;
- break;
- ....
- case n:
- this->IO_ADDR_R |= BOARD_NAND_ADDR_CHIPn;
- this->IO_ADDR_W |= BOARD_NAND_ADDR_CHIPn;
- break;
- }
-}
- </programlisting>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Hardware_ECC_support">
- <title>Hardware ECC support</title>
- <sect2 id="Functions_and_constants">
- <title>Functions and constants</title>
- <para>
- The nand driver supports three different types of
- hardware ECC.
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>NAND_ECC_HW3_256</para><para>
- Hardware ECC generator providing 3 bytes ECC per
- 256 byte.
- </para> </listitem>
- <listitem><para>NAND_ECC_HW3_512</para><para>
- Hardware ECC generator providing 3 bytes ECC per
- 512 byte.
- </para> </listitem>
- <listitem><para>NAND_ECC_HW6_512</para><para>
- Hardware ECC generator providing 6 bytes ECC per
- 512 byte.
- </para> </listitem>
- <listitem><para>NAND_ECC_HW8_512</para><para>
- Hardware ECC generator providing 6 bytes ECC per
- 512 byte.
- </para> </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- If your hardware generator has a different functionality
- add it at the appropriate place in nand_base.c
- </para>
- <para>
- The board driver must provide following functions:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>enable_hwecc</para><para>
- This function is called before reading / writing to
- the chip. Reset or initialize the hardware generator
- in this function. The function is called with an
- argument which let you distinguish between read
- and write operations.
- </para> </listitem>
- <listitem><para>calculate_ecc</para><para>
- This function is called after read / write from / to
- the chip. Transfer the ECC from the hardware to
- the buffer. If the option NAND_HWECC_SYNDROME is set
- then the function is only called on write. See below.
- </para> </listitem>
- <listitem><para>correct_data</para><para>
- In case of an ECC error this function is called for
- error detection and correction. Return 1 respectively 2
- in case the error can be corrected. If the error is
- not correctable return -1. If your hardware generator
- matches the default algorithm of the nand_ecc software
- generator then use the correction function provided
- by nand_ecc instead of implementing duplicated code.
- </para> </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="Hardware_ECC_with_syndrome_calculation">
- <title>Hardware ECC with syndrome calculation</title>
- <para>
- Many hardware ECC implementations provide Reed-Solomon
- codes and calculate an error syndrome on read. The syndrome
- must be converted to a standard Reed-Solomon syndrome
- before calling the error correction code in the generic
- Reed-Solomon library.
- </para>
- <para>
- The ECC bytes must be placed immidiately after the data
- bytes in order to make the syndrome generator work. This
- is contrary to the usual layout used by software ECC. The
- seperation of data and out of band area is not longer
- possible. The nand driver code handles this layout and
- the remaining free bytes in the oob area are managed by
- the autoplacement code. Provide a matching oob-layout
- in this case. See rts_from4.c and diskonchip.c for
- implementation reference. In those cases we must also
- use bad block tables on FLASH, because the ECC layout is
- interferring with the bad block marker positions.
- See bad block table support for details.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Bad_Block_table_support">
- <title>Bad block table support</title>
- <para>
- Most NAND chips mark the bad blocks at a defined
- position in the spare area. Those blocks must
- not be erased under any circumstances as the bad
- block information would be lost.
- It is possible to check the bad block mark each
- time when the blocks are accessed by reading the
- spare area of the first page in the block. This
- is time consuming so a bad block table is used.
- </para>
- <para>
- The nand driver supports various types of bad block
- tables.
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Per device</para><para>
- The bad block table contains all bad block information
- of the device which can consist of multiple chips.
- </para> </listitem>
- <listitem><para>Per chip</para><para>
- A bad block table is used per chip and contains the
- bad block information for this particular chip.
- </para> </listitem>
- <listitem><para>Fixed offset</para><para>
- The bad block table is located at a fixed offset
- in the chip (device). This applies to various
- DiskOnChip devices.
- </para> </listitem>
- <listitem><para>Automatic placed</para><para>
- The bad block table is automatically placed and
- detected either at the end or at the beginning
- of a chip (device)
- </para> </listitem>
- <listitem><para>Mirrored tables</para><para>
- The bad block table is mirrored on the chip (device) to
- allow updates of the bad block table without data loss.
- </para> </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- nand_scan() calls the function nand_default_bbt().
- nand_default_bbt() selects appropriate default
- bad block table desriptors depending on the chip information
- which was retrieved by nand_scan().
- </para>
- <para>
- The standard policy is scanning the device for bad
- blocks and build a ram based bad block table which
- allows faster access than always checking the
- bad block information on the flash chip itself.
- </para>
- <sect2 id="Flash_based_tables">
- <title>Flash based tables</title>
- <para>
- It may be desired or neccecary to keep a bad block table in FLASH.
- For AG-AND chips this is mandatory, as they have no factory marked
- bad blocks. They have factory marked good blocks. The marker pattern
- is erased when the block is erased to be reused. So in case of
- powerloss before writing the pattern back to the chip this block
- would be lost and added to the bad blocks. Therefor we scan the
- chip(s) when we detect them the first time for good blocks and
- store this information in a bad block table before erasing any
- of the blocks.
- </para>
- <para>
- The blocks in which the tables are stored are procteted against
- accidental access by marking them bad in the memory bad block
- table. The bad block table managment functions are allowed
- to circumvernt this protection.
- </para>
- <para>
- The simplest way to activate the FLASH based bad block table support
- is to set the option NAND_USE_FLASH_BBT in the option field of
- the nand chip structure before calling nand_scan(). For AG-AND
- chips is this done by default.
- This activates the default FLASH based bad block table functionality
- of the NAND driver. The default bad block table options are
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Store bad block table per chip</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Use 2 bits per block</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Automatic placement at the end of the chip</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Use mirrored tables with version numbers</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Reserve 4 blocks at the end of the chip</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="User_defined_tables">
- <title>User defined tables</title>
- <para>
- User defined tables are created by filling out a
- nand_bbt_descr structure and storing the pointer in the
- nand_chip structure member bbt_td before calling nand_scan().
- If a mirror table is neccecary a second structure must be
- created and a pointer to this structure must be stored
- in bbt_md inside the nand_chip structure. If the bbt_md
- member is set to NULL then only the main table is used
- and no scan for the mirrored table is performed.
- </para>
- <para>
- The most important field in the nand_bbt_descr structure
- is the options field. The options define most of the
- table properties. Use the predefined constants from
- nand.h to define the options.
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Number of bits per block</para>
- <para>The supported number of bits is 1, 2, 4, 8.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Table per chip</para>
- <para>Setting the constant NAND_BBT_PERCHIP selects that
- a bad block table is managed for each chip in a chip array.
- If this option is not set then a per device bad block table
- is used.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Table location is absolute</para>
- <para>Use the option constant NAND_BBT_ABSPAGE and
- define the absolute page number where the bad block
- table starts in the field pages. If you have selected bad block
- tables per chip and you have a multi chip array then the start page
- must be given for each chip in the chip array. Note: there is no scan
- for a table ident pattern performed, so the fields
- pattern, veroffs, offs, len can be left uninitialized</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Table location is automatically detected</para>
- <para>The table can either be located in the first or the last good
- blocks of the chip (device). Set NAND_BBT_LASTBLOCK to place
- the bad block table at the end of the chip (device). The
- bad block tables are marked and identified by a pattern which
- is stored in the spare area of the first page in the block which
- holds the bad block table. Store a pointer to the pattern
- in the pattern field. Further the length of the pattern has to be
- stored in len and the offset in the spare area must be given
- in the offs member of the nand_bbt_descr stucture. For mirrored
- bad block tables different patterns are mandatory.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Table creation</para>
- <para>Set the option NAND_BBT_CREATE to enable the table creation
- if no table can be found during the scan. Usually this is done only
- once if a new chip is found. </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Table write support</para>
- <para>Set the option NAND_BBT_WRITE to enable the table write support.
- This allows the update of the bad block table(s) in case a block has
- to be marked bad due to wear. The MTD interface function block_markbad
- is calling the update function of the bad block table. If the write
- support is enabled then the table is updated on FLASH.</para>
- <para>
- Note: Write support should only be enabled for mirrored tables with
- version control.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Table version control</para>
- <para>Set the option NAND_BBT_VERSION to enable the table version control.
- It's highly recommended to enable this for mirrored tables with write
- support. It makes sure that the risk of loosing the bad block
- table information is reduced to the loss of the information about the
- one worn out block which should be marked bad. The version is stored in
- 4 consecutive bytes in the spare area of the device. The position of
- the version number is defined by the member veroffs in the bad block table
- descriptor.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Save block contents on write</para>
- <para>
- In case that the block which holds the bad block table does contain
- other useful information, set the option NAND_BBT_SAVECONTENT. When
- the bad block table is written then the whole block is read the bad
- block table is updated and the block is erased and everything is
- written back. If this option is not set only the bad block table
- is written and everything else in the block is ignored and erased.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Number of reserved blocks</para>
- <para>
- For automatic placement some blocks must be reserved for
- bad block table storage. The number of reserved blocks is defined
- in the maxblocks member of the babd block table description structure.
- Reserving 4 blocks for mirrored tables should be a reasonable number.
- This also limits the number of blocks which are scanned for the bad
- block table ident pattern.
- </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Spare_area_placement">
- <title>Spare area (auto)placement</title>
- <para>
- The nand driver implements different possibilities for
- placement of filesystem data in the spare area,
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Placement defined by fs driver</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Automatic placement</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- The default placement function is automatic placement. The
- nand driver has built in default placement schemes for the
- various chiptypes. If due to hardware ECC functionality the
- default placement does not fit then the board driver can
- provide a own placement scheme.
- </para>
- <para>
- File system drivers can provide a own placement scheme which
- is used instead of the default placement scheme.
- </para>
- <para>
- Placement schemes are defined by a nand_oobinfo structure
- <programlisting>
-struct nand_oobinfo {
- int useecc;
- int eccbytes;
- int eccpos[24];
- int oobfree[8][2];
-};
- </programlisting>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>useecc</para><para>
- The useecc member controls the ecc and placement function. The header
- file include/mtd/mtd-abi.h contains constants to select ecc and
- placement. MTD_NANDECC_OFF switches off the ecc complete. This is
- not recommended and available for testing and diagnosis only.
- MTD_NANDECC_PLACE selects caller defined placement, MTD_NANDECC_AUTOPLACE
- selects automatic placement.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>eccbytes</para><para>
- The eccbytes member defines the number of ecc bytes per page.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>eccpos</para><para>
- The eccpos array holds the byte offsets in the spare area where
- the ecc codes are placed.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>oobfree</para><para>
- The oobfree array defines the areas in the spare area which can be
- used for automatic placement. The information is given in the format
- {offset, size}. offset defines the start of the usable area, size the
- length in bytes. More than one area can be defined. The list is terminated
- by an {0, 0} entry.
- </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <sect2 id="Placement_defined_by_fs_driver">
- <title>Placement defined by fs driver</title>
- <para>
- The calling function provides a pointer to a nand_oobinfo
- structure which defines the ecc placement. For writes the
- caller must provide a spare area buffer along with the
- data buffer. The spare area buffer size is (number of pages) *
- (size of spare area). For reads the buffer size is
- (number of pages) * ((size of spare area) + (number of ecc
- steps per page) * sizeof (int)). The driver stores the
- result of the ecc check for each tuple in the spare buffer.
- The storage sequence is
- </para>
- <para>
- &lt;spare data page 0&gt;&lt;ecc result 0&gt;...&lt;ecc result n&gt;
- </para>
- <para>
- ...
- </para>
- <para>
- &lt;spare data page n&gt;&lt;ecc result 0&gt;...&lt;ecc result n&gt;
- </para>
- <para>
- This is a legacy mode used by YAFFS1.
- </para>
- <para>
- If the spare area buffer is NULL then only the ECC placement is
- done according to the given scheme in the nand_oobinfo structure.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="Automatic_placement">
- <title>Automatic placement</title>
- <para>
- Automatic placement uses the built in defaults to place the
- ecc bytes in the spare area. If filesystem data have to be stored /
- read into the spare area then the calling function must provide a
- buffer. The buffer size per page is determined by the oobfree array in
- the nand_oobinfo structure.
- </para>
- <para>
- If the spare area buffer is NULL then only the ECC placement is
- done according to the default builtin scheme.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="User_space_placement_selection">
- <title>User space placement selection</title>
- <para>
- All non ecc functions like mtd->read and mtd->write use an internal
- structure, which can be set by an ioctl. This structure is preset
- to the autoplacement default.
- <programlisting>
- ioctl (fd, MEMSETOOBSEL, oobsel);
- </programlisting>
- oobsel is a pointer to a user supplied structure of type
- nand_oobconfig. The contents of this structure must match the
- criteria of the filesystem, which will be used. See an example in utils/nandwrite.c.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Spare_area_autoplacement_default">
- <title>Spare area autoplacement default schemes</title>
- <sect2 id="pagesize_256">
- <title>256 byte pagesize</title>
-<informaltable><tgroup cols="3"><tbody>
-<row>
-<entry>Offset</entry>
-<entry>Content</entry>
-<entry>Comment</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x00</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 0</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x01</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 1</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x02</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 2</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x03</entry>
-<entry>Autoplace 0</entry>
-<entry></entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x04</entry>
-<entry>Autoplace 1</entry>
-<entry></entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x05</entry>
-<entry>Bad block marker</entry>
-<entry>If any bit in this byte is zero, then this block is bad.
-This applies only to the first page in a block. In the remaining
-pages this byte is reserved</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x06</entry>
-<entry>Autoplace 2</entry>
-<entry></entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x07</entry>
-<entry>Autoplace 3</entry>
-<entry></entry>
-</row>
-</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="pagesize_512">
- <title>512 byte pagesize</title>
-<informaltable><tgroup cols="3"><tbody>
-<row>
-<entry>Offset</entry>
-<entry>Content</entry>
-<entry>Comment</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x00</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 0</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0 of the lower 256 Byte data in
-this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x01</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 1</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1 of the lower 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x02</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 2</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2 of the lower 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x03</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 3</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0 of the upper 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x04</entry>
-<entry>reserved</entry>
-<entry>reserved</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x05</entry>
-<entry>Bad block marker</entry>
-<entry>If any bit in this byte is zero, then this block is bad.
-This applies only to the first page in a block. In the remaining
-pages this byte is reserved</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x06</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 4</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1 of the upper 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x07</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 5</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2 of the upper 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x08 - 0x0F</entry>
-<entry>Autoplace 0 - 7</entry>
-<entry></entry>
-</row>
-</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="pagesize_2048">
- <title>2048 byte pagesize</title>
-<informaltable><tgroup cols="3"><tbody>
-<row>
-<entry>Offset</entry>
-<entry>Content</entry>
-<entry>Comment</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x00</entry>
-<entry>Bad block marker</entry>
-<entry>If any bit in this byte is zero, then this block is bad.
-This applies only to the first page in a block. In the remaining
-pages this byte is reserved</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x01</entry>
-<entry>Reserved</entry>
-<entry>Reserved</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x02-0x27</entry>
-<entry>Autoplace 0 - 37</entry>
-<entry></entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x28</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 0</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0 of the first 256 Byte data in
-this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x29</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 1</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1 of the first 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x2A</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 2</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2 of the first 256 Bytes data in
-this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x2B</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 3</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0 of the second 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x2C</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 4</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1 of the second 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x2D</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 5</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2 of the second 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x2E</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 6</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0 of the third 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x2F</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 7</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1 of the third 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x30</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 8</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2 of the third 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x31</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 9</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0 of the fourth 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x32</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 10</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1 of the fourth 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x33</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 11</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2 of the fourth 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x34</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 12</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0 of the fifth 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x35</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 13</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1 of the fifth 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x36</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 14</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2 of the fifth 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x37</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 15</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0 of the sixt 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x38</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 16</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1 of the sixt 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x39</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 17</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2 of the sixt 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x3A</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 18</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0 of the seventh 256 Bytes of
-data in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x3B</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 19</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1 of the seventh 256 Bytes of
-data in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x3C</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 20</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2 of the seventh 256 Bytes of
-data in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x3D</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 21</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 0 of the eigth 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x3E</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 22</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 1 of the eigth 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-<row>
-<entry>0x3F</entry>
-<entry>ECC byte 23</entry>
-<entry>Error correction code byte 2 of the eigth 256 Bytes of data
-in this page</entry>
-</row>
-</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="filesystems">
- <title>Filesystem support</title>
- <para>
- The NAND driver provides all neccecary functions for a
- filesystem via the MTD interface.
- </para>
- <para>
- Filesystems must be aware of the NAND pecularities and
- restrictions. One major restrictions of NAND Flash is, that you cannot
- write as often as you want to a page. The consecutive writes to a page,
- before erasing it again, are restricted to 1-3 writes, depending on the
- manufacturers specifications. This applies similar to the spare area.
- </para>
- <para>
- Therefor NAND aware filesystems must either write in page size chunks
- or hold a writebuffer to collect smaller writes until they sum up to
- pagesize. Available NAND aware filesystems: JFFS2, YAFFS.
- </para>
- <para>
- The spare area usage to store filesystem data is controlled by
- the spare area placement functionality which is described in one
- of the earlier chapters.
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="tools">
- <title>Tools</title>
- <para>
- The MTD project provides a couple of helpful tools to handle NAND Flash.
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>flasherase, flasheraseall: Erase and format FLASH partitions</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>nandwrite: write filesystem images to NAND FLASH</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>nanddump: dump the contents of a NAND FLASH partitions</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- These tools are aware of the NAND restrictions. Please use those tools
- instead of complaining about errors which are caused by non NAND aware
- access methods.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="defines">
- <title>Constants</title>
- <para>
- This chapter describes the constants which might be relevant for a driver developer.
- </para>
- <sect1 id="Chip_option_constants">
- <title>Chip option constants</title>
- <sect2 id="Constants_for_chip_id_table">
- <title>Constants for chip id table</title>
- <para>
- These constants are defined in nand.h. They are ored together to describe
- the chip functionality.
- <programlisting>
-/* Chip can not auto increment pages */
-#define NAND_NO_AUTOINCR 0x00000001
-/* Buswitdh is 16 bit */
-#define NAND_BUSWIDTH_16 0x00000002
-/* Device supports partial programming without padding */
-#define NAND_NO_PADDING 0x00000004
-/* Chip has cache program function */
-#define NAND_CACHEPRG 0x00000008
-/* Chip has copy back function */
-#define NAND_COPYBACK 0x00000010
-/* AND Chip which has 4 banks and a confusing page / block
- * assignment. See Renesas datasheet for further information */
-#define NAND_IS_AND 0x00000020
-/* Chip has a array of 4 pages which can be read without
- * additional ready /busy waits */
-#define NAND_4PAGE_ARRAY 0x00000040
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="Constants_for_runtime_options">
- <title>Constants for runtime options</title>
- <para>
- These constants are defined in nand.h. They are ored together to describe
- the functionality.
- <programlisting>
-/* Use a flash based bad block table. This option is parsed by the
- * default bad block table function (nand_default_bbt). */
-#define NAND_USE_FLASH_BBT 0x00010000
-/* The hw ecc generator provides a syndrome instead a ecc value on read
- * This can only work if we have the ecc bytes directly behind the
- * data bytes. Applies for DOC and AG-AND Renesas HW Reed Solomon generators */
-#define NAND_HWECC_SYNDROME 0x00020000
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="EEC_selection_constants">
- <title>ECC selection constants</title>
- <para>
- Use these constants to select the ECC algorithm.
- <programlisting>
-/* No ECC. Usage is not recommended ! */
-#define NAND_ECC_NONE 0
-/* Software ECC 3 byte ECC per 256 Byte data */
-#define NAND_ECC_SOFT 1
-/* Hardware ECC 3 byte ECC per 256 Byte data */
-#define NAND_ECC_HW3_256 2
-/* Hardware ECC 3 byte ECC per 512 Byte data */
-#define NAND_ECC_HW3_512 3
-/* Hardware ECC 6 byte ECC per 512 Byte data */
-#define NAND_ECC_HW6_512 4
-/* Hardware ECC 6 byte ECC per 512 Byte data */
-#define NAND_ECC_HW8_512 6
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="Hardware_control_related_constants">
- <title>Hardware control related constants</title>
- <para>
- These constants describe the requested hardware access function when
- the boardspecific hardware control function is called
- <programlisting>
-/* Select the chip by setting nCE to low */
-#define NAND_CTL_SETNCE 1
-/* Deselect the chip by setting nCE to high */
-#define NAND_CTL_CLRNCE 2
-/* Select the command latch by setting CLE to high */
-#define NAND_CTL_SETCLE 3
-/* Deselect the command latch by setting CLE to low */
-#define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE 4
-/* Select the address latch by setting ALE to high */
-#define NAND_CTL_SETALE 5
-/* Deselect the address latch by setting ALE to low */
-#define NAND_CTL_CLRALE 6
-/* Set write protection by setting WP to high. Not used! */
-#define NAND_CTL_SETWP 7
-/* Clear write protection by setting WP to low. Not used! */
-#define NAND_CTL_CLRWP 8
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="Bad_block_table_constants">
- <title>Bad block table related constants</title>
- <para>
- These constants describe the options used for bad block
- table descriptors.
- <programlisting>
-/* Options for the bad block table descriptors */
-
-/* The number of bits used per block in the bbt on the device */
-#define NAND_BBT_NRBITS_MSK 0x0000000F
-#define NAND_BBT_1BIT 0x00000001
-#define NAND_BBT_2BIT 0x00000002
-#define NAND_BBT_4BIT 0x00000004
-#define NAND_BBT_8BIT 0x00000008
-/* The bad block table is in the last good block of the device */
-#define NAND_BBT_LASTBLOCK 0x00000010
-/* The bbt is at the given page, else we must scan for the bbt */
-#define NAND_BBT_ABSPAGE 0x00000020
-/* The bbt is at the given page, else we must scan for the bbt */
-#define NAND_BBT_SEARCH 0x00000040
-/* bbt is stored per chip on multichip devices */
-#define NAND_BBT_PERCHIP 0x00000080
-/* bbt has a version counter at offset veroffs */
-#define NAND_BBT_VERSION 0x00000100
-/* Create a bbt if none axists */
-#define NAND_BBT_CREATE 0x00000200
-/* Search good / bad pattern through all pages of a block */
-#define NAND_BBT_SCANALLPAGES 0x00000400
-/* Scan block empty during good / bad block scan */
-#define NAND_BBT_SCANEMPTY 0x00000800
-/* Write bbt if neccecary */
-#define NAND_BBT_WRITE 0x00001000
-/* Read and write back block contents when writing bbt */
-#define NAND_BBT_SAVECONTENT 0x00002000
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="structs">
- <title>Structures</title>
- <para>
- This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the structures which are
- used in the NAND driver and might be relevant for a driver developer. Each
- struct member has a short description which is marked with an [XXX] identifier.
- See the chapter "Documentation hints" for an explanation.
- </para>
-!Iinclude/linux/mtd/nand.h
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="pubfunctions">
- <title>Public Functions Provided</title>
- <para>
- This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the NAND kernel API functions
- which are exported. Each function has a short description which is marked with an [XXX] identifier.
- See the chapter "Documentation hints" for an explanation.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c
-!Edrivers/mtd/nand/nand_bbt.c
-!Edrivers/mtd/nand/nand_ecc.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="intfunctions">
- <title>Internal Functions Provided</title>
- <para>
- This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the NAND driver internal functions.
- Each function has a short description which is marked with an [XXX] identifier.
- See the chapter "Documentation hints" for an explanation.
- The functions marked with [DEFAULT] might be relevant for a board driver developer.
- </para>
-!Idrivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c
-!Idrivers/mtd/nand/nand_bbt.c
-<!-- No internal functions for kernel-doc:
-X!Idrivers/mtd/nand/nand_ecc.c
--->
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="credits">
- <title>Credits</title>
- <para>
- The following people have contributed to the NAND driver:
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Steven J. Hill<email>sjhill@realitydiluted.com</email></para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>David Woodhouse<email>dwmw2@infradead.org</email></para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Thomas Gleixner<email>tglx@linutronix.de</email></para></listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- A lot of users have provided bugfixes, improvements and helping hands for testing.
- Thanks a lot.
- </para>
- <para>
- The following people have contributed to this document:
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Thomas Gleixner<email>tglx@linutronix.de</email></para></listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </para>
- </chapter>
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/networking.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/networking.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index f24f9e85e4ae..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/networking.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="LinuxNetworking">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Linux Networking and Network Devices APIs</title>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="netcore">
- <title>Linux Networking</title>
- <sect1><title>Networking Base Types</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/net.h
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Socket Buffer Functions</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/skbuff.h
-!Iinclude/net/sock.h
-!Enet/socket.c
-!Enet/core/skbuff.c
-!Enet/core/sock.c
-!Enet/core/datagram.c
-!Enet/core/stream.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Socket Filter</title>
-!Enet/core/filter.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>Generic Network Statistics</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/gen_stats.h
-!Enet/core/gen_stats.c
-!Enet/core/gen_estimator.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>SUN RPC subsystem</title>
-<!-- The !D functionality is not perfect, garbage has to be protected by comments
-!Dnet/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
--->
-!Enet/sunrpc/xdr.c
-!Enet/sunrpc/svc_xprt.c
-!Enet/sunrpc/xprt.c
-!Enet/sunrpc/sched.c
-!Enet/sunrpc/socklib.c
-!Enet/sunrpc/stats.c
-!Enet/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c
-!Enet/sunrpc/rpcb_clnt.c
-!Enet/sunrpc/clnt.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="netdev">
- <title>Network device support</title>
- <sect1><title>Driver Support</title>
-!Enet/core/dev.c
-!Enet/ethernet/eth.c
-!Enet/sched/sch_generic.c
-!Iinclude/linux/etherdevice.h
-!Iinclude/linux/netdevice.h
- </sect1>
- <sect1><title>PHY Support</title>
-!Edrivers/net/phy/phy.c
-!Idrivers/net/phy/phy.c
-!Edrivers/net/phy/phy_device.c
-!Idrivers/net/phy/phy_device.c
-!Edrivers/net/phy/mdio_bus.c
-!Idrivers/net/phy/mdio_bus.c
- </sect1>
-<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
- <sect1><title>Wireless</title>
-X!Enet/core/wireless.c
- </sect1>
--->
- <sect1><title>Synchronous PPP</title>
-!Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/procfs-guide.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/procfs-guide.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a5dc6e021ff..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/procfs-guide.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,635 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" [
-<!ENTITY procfsexample SYSTEM "procfs_example.xml">
-]>
-
-<book id="LKProcfsGuide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Linux Kernel Procfs Guide</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Erik</firstname>
- <othername>(J.A.K.)</othername>
- <surname>Mouw</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <orgname>Delft University of Technology</orgname>
- <orgdiv>Faculty of Information Technology and Systems</orgdiv>
- <address>
- <email>J.A.K.Mouw@its.tudelft.nl</email>
- <pob>PO BOX 5031</pob>
- <postcode>2600 GA</postcode>
- <city>Delft</city>
- <country>The Netherlands</country>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <revhistory>
- <revision>
- <revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
- <date>May 30, 2001</date>
- <revremark>Initial revision posted to linux-kernel</revremark>
- </revision>
- <revision>
- <revnumber>1.1</revnumber>
- <date>June 3, 2001</date>
- <revremark>Revised after comments from linux-kernel</revremark>
- </revision>
- </revhistory>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2001</year>
- <holder>Erik Mouw</holder>
- </copyright>
-
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it
- and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-
-
-
- <toc>
- </toc>
-
-
-
-
- <preface id="Preface">
- <title>Preface</title>
-
- <para>
- This guide describes the use of the procfs file system from
- within the Linux kernel. The idea to write this guide came up on
- the #kernelnewbies IRC channel (see <ulink
- url="http://www.kernelnewbies.org/">http://www.kernelnewbies.org/</ulink>),
- when Jeff Garzik explained the use of procfs and forwarded me a
- message Alexander Viro wrote to the linux-kernel mailing list. I
- agreed to write it up nicely, so here it is.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- I'd like to thank Jeff Garzik
- <email>jgarzik@pobox.com</email> and Alexander Viro
- <email>viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk</email> for their input,
- Tim Waugh <email>twaugh@redhat.com</email> for his <ulink
- url="http://people.redhat.com/twaugh/docbook/selfdocbook/">Selfdocbook</ulink>,
- and Marc Joosen <email>marcj@historia.et.tudelft.nl</email> for
- proofreading.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This documentation was written while working on the LART
- computing board (<ulink
- url="http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/">http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/</ulink>),
- which is sponsored by the Mobile Multi-media Communications
- (<ulink
- url="http://www.mmc.tudelft.nl/">http://www.mmc.tudelft.nl/</ulink>)
- and Ubiquitous Communications (<ulink
- url="http://www.ubicom.tudelft.nl/">http://www.ubicom.tudelft.nl/</ulink>)
- projects.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Erik
- </para>
- </preface>
-
-
-
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
-
- <para>
- The <filename class="directory">/proc</filename> file system
- (procfs) is a special file system in the linux kernel. It's a
- virtual file system: it is not associated with a block device
- but exists only in memory. The files in the procfs are there to
- allow userland programs access to certain information from the
- kernel (like process information in <filename
- class="directory">/proc/[0-9]+/</filename>), but also for debug
- purposes (like <filename>/proc/ksyms</filename>).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This guide describes the use of the procfs file system from
- within the Linux kernel. It starts by introducing all relevant
- functions to manage the files within the file system. After that
- it shows how to communicate with userland, and some tips and
- tricks will be pointed out. Finally a complete example will be
- shown.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Note that the files in <filename
- class="directory">/proc/sys</filename> are sysctl files: they
- don't belong to procfs and are governed by a completely
- different API described in the Kernel API book.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
-
-
-
- <chapter id="managing">
- <title>Managing procfs entries</title>
-
- <para>
- This chapter describes the functions that various kernel
- components use to populate the procfs with files, symlinks,
- device nodes, and directories.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- A minor note before we start: if you want to use any of the
- procfs functions, be sure to include the correct header file!
- This should be one of the first lines in your code:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-#include &lt;linux/proc_fs.h&gt;
- </programlisting>
-
-
-
-
- <sect1 id="regularfile">
- <title>Creating a regular file</title>
-
- <funcsynopsis>
- <funcprototype>
- <funcdef>struct proc_dir_entry* <function>create_proc_entry</function></funcdef>
- <paramdef>const char* <parameter>name</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>mode_t <parameter>mode</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>struct proc_dir_entry* <parameter>parent</parameter></paramdef>
- </funcprototype>
- </funcsynopsis>
-
- <para>
- This function creates a regular file with the name
- <parameter>name</parameter>, file mode
- <parameter>mode</parameter> in the directory
- <parameter>parent</parameter>. To create a file in the root of
- the procfs, use <constant>NULL</constant> as
- <parameter>parent</parameter> parameter. When successful, the
- function will return a pointer to the freshly created
- <structname>struct proc_dir_entry</structname>; otherwise it
- will return <constant>NULL</constant>. <xref
- linkend="userland"/> describes how to do something useful with
- regular files.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Note that it is specifically supported that you can pass a
- path that spans multiple directories. For example
- <function>create_proc_entry</function>(<parameter>"drivers/via0/info"</parameter>)
- will create the <filename class="directory">via0</filename>
- directory if necessary, with standard
- <constant>0755</constant> permissions.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If you only want to be able to read the file, the function
- <function>create_proc_read_entry</function> described in <xref
- linkend="convenience"/> may be used to create and initialise
- the procfs entry in one single call.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
-
-
-
- <sect1 id="Creating_a_symlink">
- <title>Creating a symlink</title>
-
- <funcsynopsis>
- <funcprototype>
- <funcdef>struct proc_dir_entry*
- <function>proc_symlink</function></funcdef> <paramdef>const
- char* <parameter>name</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>struct proc_dir_entry*
- <parameter>parent</parameter></paramdef> <paramdef>const
- char* <parameter>dest</parameter></paramdef>
- </funcprototype>
- </funcsynopsis>
-
- <para>
- This creates a symlink in the procfs directory
- <parameter>parent</parameter> that points from
- <parameter>name</parameter> to
- <parameter>dest</parameter>. This translates in userland to
- <literal>ln -s</literal> <parameter>dest</parameter>
- <parameter>name</parameter>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="Creating_a_directory">
- <title>Creating a directory</title>
-
- <funcsynopsis>
- <funcprototype>
- <funcdef>struct proc_dir_entry* <function>proc_mkdir</function></funcdef>
- <paramdef>const char* <parameter>name</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>struct proc_dir_entry* <parameter>parent</parameter></paramdef>
- </funcprototype>
- </funcsynopsis>
-
- <para>
- Create a directory <parameter>name</parameter> in the procfs
- directory <parameter>parent</parameter>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
-
-
-
- <sect1 id="Removing_an_entry">
- <title>Removing an entry</title>
-
- <funcsynopsis>
- <funcprototype>
- <funcdef>void <function>remove_proc_entry</function></funcdef>
- <paramdef>const char* <parameter>name</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>struct proc_dir_entry* <parameter>parent</parameter></paramdef>
- </funcprototype>
- </funcsynopsis>
-
- <para>
- Removes the entry <parameter>name</parameter> in the directory
- <parameter>parent</parameter> from the procfs. Entries are
- removed by their <emphasis>name</emphasis>, not by the
- <structname>struct proc_dir_entry</structname> returned by the
- various create functions. Note that this function doesn't
- recursively remove entries.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Be sure to free the <structfield>data</structfield> entry from
- the <structname>struct proc_dir_entry</structname> before
- <function>remove_proc_entry</function> is called (that is: if
- there was some <structfield>data</structfield> allocated, of
- course). See <xref linkend="usingdata"/> for more information
- on using the <structfield>data</structfield> entry.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
-
-
-
- <chapter id="userland">
- <title>Communicating with userland</title>
-
- <para>
- Instead of reading (or writing) information directly from
- kernel memory, procfs works with <emphasis>call back
- functions</emphasis> for files: functions that are called when
- a specific file is being read or written. Such functions have
- to be initialised after the procfs file is created by setting
- the <structfield>read_proc</structfield> and/or
- <structfield>write_proc</structfield> fields in the
- <structname>struct proc_dir_entry*</structname> that the
- function <function>create_proc_entry</function> returned:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-struct proc_dir_entry* entry;
-
-entry->read_proc = read_proc_foo;
-entry->write_proc = write_proc_foo;
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- If you only want to use a the
- <structfield>read_proc</structfield>, the function
- <function>create_proc_read_entry</function> described in <xref
- linkend="convenience"/> may be used to create and initialise the
- procfs entry in one single call.
- </para>
-
-
-
- <sect1 id="Reading_data">
- <title>Reading data</title>
-
- <para>
- The read function is a call back function that allows userland
- processes to read data from the kernel. The read function
- should have the following format:
- </para>
-
- <funcsynopsis>
- <funcprototype>
- <funcdef>int <function>read_func</function></funcdef>
- <paramdef>char* <parameter>buffer</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>char** <parameter>start</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>off_t <parameter>off</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>int <parameter>count</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>int* <parameter>peof</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>void* <parameter>data</parameter></paramdef>
- </funcprototype>
- </funcsynopsis>
-
- <para>
- The read function should write its information into the
- <parameter>buffer</parameter>, which will be exactly
- <literal>PAGE_SIZE</literal> bytes long.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The parameter
- <parameter>peof</parameter> should be used to signal that the
- end of the file has been reached by writing
- <literal>1</literal> to the memory location
- <parameter>peof</parameter> points to.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <parameter>data</parameter>
- parameter can be used to create a single call back function for
- several files, see <xref linkend="usingdata"/>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The rest of the parameters and the return value are described
- by a comment in <filename>fs/proc/generic.c</filename> as follows:
- </para>
-
- <blockquote>
- <para>
- You have three ways to return data:
- </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Leave <literal>*start = NULL</literal>. (This is the default.)
- Put the data of the requested offset at that
- offset within the buffer. Return the number (<literal>n</literal>)
- of bytes there are from the beginning of the
- buffer up to the last byte of data. If the
- number of supplied bytes (<literal>= n - offset</literal>) is
- greater than zero and you didn't signal eof
- and the reader is prepared to take more data
- you will be called again with the requested
- offset advanced by the number of bytes
- absorbed. This interface is useful for files
- no larger than the buffer.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Set <literal>*start</literal> to an unsigned long value less than
- the buffer address but greater than zero.
- Put the data of the requested offset at the
- beginning of the buffer. Return the number of
- bytes of data placed there. If this number is
- greater than zero and you didn't signal eof
- and the reader is prepared to take more data
- you will be called again with the requested
- offset advanced by <literal>*start</literal>. This interface is
- useful when you have a large file consisting
- of a series of blocks which you want to count
- and return as wholes.
- (Hack by Paul.Russell@rustcorp.com.au)
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Set <literal>*start</literal> to an address within the buffer.
- Put the data of the requested offset at <literal>*start</literal>.
- Return the number of bytes of data placed there.
- If this number is greater than zero and you
- didn't signal eof and the reader is prepared to
- take more data you will be called again with the
- requested offset advanced by the number of bytes
- absorbed.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </blockquote>
-
- <para>
- <xref linkend="example"/> shows how to use a read call back
- function.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
-
-
-
- <sect1 id="Writing_data">
- <title>Writing data</title>
-
- <para>
- The write call back function allows a userland process to write
- data to the kernel, so it has some kind of control over the
- kernel. The write function should have the following format:
- </para>
-
- <funcsynopsis>
- <funcprototype>
- <funcdef>int <function>write_func</function></funcdef>
- <paramdef>struct file* <parameter>file</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>const char* <parameter>buffer</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>unsigned long <parameter>count</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>void* <parameter>data</parameter></paramdef>
- </funcprototype>
- </funcsynopsis>
-
- <para>
- The write function should read <parameter>count</parameter>
- bytes at maximum from the <parameter>buffer</parameter>. Note
- that the <parameter>buffer</parameter> doesn't live in the
- kernel's memory space, so it should first be copied to kernel
- space with <function>copy_from_user</function>. The
- <parameter>file</parameter> parameter is usually
- ignored. <xref linkend="usingdata"/> shows how to use the
- <parameter>data</parameter> parameter.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Again, <xref linkend="example"/> shows how to use this call back
- function.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
-
-
-
- <sect1 id="usingdata">
- <title>A single call back for many files</title>
-
- <para>
- When a large number of almost identical files is used, it's
- quite inconvenient to use a separate call back function for
- each file. A better approach is to have a single call back
- function that distinguishes between the files by using the
- <structfield>data</structfield> field in <structname>struct
- proc_dir_entry</structname>. First of all, the
- <structfield>data</structfield> field has to be initialised:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-struct proc_dir_entry* entry;
-struct my_file_data *file_data;
-
-file_data = kmalloc(sizeof(struct my_file_data), GFP_KERNEL);
-entry->data = file_data;
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- The <structfield>data</structfield> field is a <type>void
- *</type>, so it can be initialised with anything.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Now that the <structfield>data</structfield> field is set, the
- <function>read_proc</function> and
- <function>write_proc</function> can use it to distinguish
- between files because they get it passed into their
- <parameter>data</parameter> parameter:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-int foo_read_func(char *page, char **start, off_t off,
- int count, int *eof, void *data)
-{
- int len;
-
- if(data == file_data) {
- /* special case for this file */
- } else {
- /* normal processing */
- }
-
- return len;
-}
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>
- Be sure to free the <structfield>data</structfield> data field
- when removing the procfs entry.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
-
-
-
- <chapter id="tips">
- <title>Tips and tricks</title>
-
-
-
-
- <sect1 id="convenience">
- <title>Convenience functions</title>
-
- <funcsynopsis>
- <funcprototype>
- <funcdef>struct proc_dir_entry* <function>create_proc_read_entry</function></funcdef>
- <paramdef>const char* <parameter>name</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>mode_t <parameter>mode</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>struct proc_dir_entry* <parameter>parent</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>read_proc_t* <parameter>read_proc</parameter></paramdef>
- <paramdef>void* <parameter>data</parameter></paramdef>
- </funcprototype>
- </funcsynopsis>
-
- <para>
- This function creates a regular file in exactly the same way
- as <function>create_proc_entry</function> from <xref
- linkend="regularfile"/> does, but also allows to set the read
- function <parameter>read_proc</parameter> in one call. This
- function can set the <parameter>data</parameter> as well, like
- explained in <xref linkend="usingdata"/>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
-
-
- <sect1 id="Modules">
- <title>Modules</title>
-
- <para>
- If procfs is being used from within a module, be sure to set
- the <structfield>owner</structfield> field in the
- <structname>struct proc_dir_entry</structname> to
- <constant>THIS_MODULE</constant>.
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-struct proc_dir_entry* entry;
-
-entry->owner = THIS_MODULE;
- </programlisting>
- </sect1>
-
-
-
-
- <sect1 id="Mode_and_ownership">
- <title>Mode and ownership</title>
-
- <para>
- Sometimes it is useful to change the mode and/or ownership of
- a procfs entry. Here is an example that shows how to achieve
- that:
- </para>
-
- <programlisting>
-struct proc_dir_entry* entry;
-
-entry->mode = S_IWUSR |S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH;
-entry->uid = 0;
-entry->gid = 100;
- </programlisting>
-
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
-
-
-
- <chapter id="example">
- <title>Example</title>
-
- <!-- be careful with the example code: it shouldn't be wider than
- approx. 60 columns, or otherwise it won't fit properly on a page
- -->
-
-&procfsexample;
-
- </chapter>
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/procfs_example.c b/Documentation/DocBook/procfs_example.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f3de0fb8365..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/procfs_example.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * procfs_example.c: an example proc interface
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2001, Erik Mouw (J.A.K.Mouw@its.tudelft.nl)
- *
- * This file accompanies the procfs-guide in the Linux kernel
- * source. Its main use is to demonstrate the concepts and
- * functions described in the guide.
- *
- * This software has been developed while working on the LART
- * computing board (http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/), which is
- * sponsored by the Mobile Multi-media Communications
- * (http://www.mmc.tudelft.nl/) and Ubiquitous Communications
- * (http://www.ubicom.tudelft.nl/) projects.
- *
- * The author can be reached at:
- *
- * Erik Mouw
- * Information and Communication Theory Group
- * Faculty of Information Technology and Systems
- * Delft University of Technology
- * P.O. Box 5031
- * 2600 GA Delft
- * The Netherlands
- *
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute
- * it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
- * Public License as published by the Free Software
- * Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
- * option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- * useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- * warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- * PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
- * details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- * License along with this program; if not, write to the
- * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place,
- * Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
- *
- */
-
-#include <linux/module.h>
-#include <linux/kernel.h>
-#include <linux/init.h>
-#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
-#include <linux/jiffies.h>
-#include <asm/uaccess.h>
-
-
-#define MODULE_VERS "1.0"
-#define MODULE_NAME "procfs_example"
-
-#define FOOBAR_LEN 8
-
-struct fb_data_t {
- char name[FOOBAR_LEN + 1];
- char value[FOOBAR_LEN + 1];
-};
-
-
-static struct proc_dir_entry *example_dir, *foo_file,
- *bar_file, *jiffies_file, *symlink;
-
-
-struct fb_data_t foo_data, bar_data;
-
-
-static int proc_read_jiffies(char *page, char **start,
- off_t off, int count,
- int *eof, void *data)
-{
- int len;
-
- len = sprintf(page, "jiffies = %ld\n",
- jiffies);
-
- return len;
-}
-
-
-static int proc_read_foobar(char *page, char **start,
- off_t off, int count,
- int *eof, void *data)
-{
- int len;
- struct fb_data_t *fb_data = (struct fb_data_t *)data;
-
- /* DON'T DO THAT - buffer overruns are bad */
- len = sprintf(page, "%s = '%s'\n",
- fb_data->name, fb_data->value);
-
- return len;
-}
-
-
-static int proc_write_foobar(struct file *file,
- const char *buffer,
- unsigned long count,
- void *data)
-{
- int len;
- struct fb_data_t *fb_data = (struct fb_data_t *)data;
-
- if(count > FOOBAR_LEN)
- len = FOOBAR_LEN;
- else
- len = count;
-
- if(copy_from_user(fb_data->value, buffer, len))
- return -EFAULT;
-
- fb_data->value[len] = '\0';
-
- return len;
-}
-
-
-static int __init init_procfs_example(void)
-{
- int rv = 0;
-
- /* create directory */
- example_dir = proc_mkdir(MODULE_NAME, NULL);
- if(example_dir == NULL) {
- rv = -ENOMEM;
- goto out;
- }
-
- example_dir->owner = THIS_MODULE;
-
- /* create jiffies using convenience function */
- jiffies_file = create_proc_read_entry("jiffies",
- 0444, example_dir,
- proc_read_jiffies,
- NULL);
- if(jiffies_file == NULL) {
- rv = -ENOMEM;
- goto no_jiffies;
- }
-
- jiffies_file->owner = THIS_MODULE;
-
- /* create foo and bar files using same callback
- * functions
- */
- foo_file = create_proc_entry("foo", 0644, example_dir);
- if(foo_file == NULL) {
- rv = -ENOMEM;
- goto no_foo;
- }
-
- strcpy(foo_data.name, "foo");
- strcpy(foo_data.value, "foo");
- foo_file->data = &foo_data;
- foo_file->read_proc = proc_read_foobar;
- foo_file->write_proc = proc_write_foobar;
- foo_file->owner = THIS_MODULE;
-
- bar_file = create_proc_entry("bar", 0644, example_dir);
- if(bar_file == NULL) {
- rv = -ENOMEM;
- goto no_bar;
- }
-
- strcpy(bar_data.name, "bar");
- strcpy(bar_data.value, "bar");
- bar_file->data = &bar_data;
- bar_file->read_proc = proc_read_foobar;
- bar_file->write_proc = proc_write_foobar;
- bar_file->owner = THIS_MODULE;
-
- /* create symlink */
- symlink = proc_symlink("jiffies_too", example_dir,
- "jiffies");
- if(symlink == NULL) {
- rv = -ENOMEM;
- goto no_symlink;
- }
-
- symlink->owner = THIS_MODULE;
-
- /* everything OK */
- printk(KERN_INFO "%s %s initialised\n",
- MODULE_NAME, MODULE_VERS);
- return 0;
-
-no_symlink:
- remove_proc_entry("bar", example_dir);
-no_bar:
- remove_proc_entry("foo", example_dir);
-no_foo:
- remove_proc_entry("jiffies", example_dir);
-no_jiffies:
- remove_proc_entry(MODULE_NAME, NULL);
-out:
- return rv;
-}
-
-
-static void __exit cleanup_procfs_example(void)
-{
- remove_proc_entry("jiffies_too", example_dir);
- remove_proc_entry("bar", example_dir);
- remove_proc_entry("foo", example_dir);
- remove_proc_entry("jiffies", example_dir);
- remove_proc_entry(MODULE_NAME, NULL);
-
- printk(KERN_INFO "%s %s removed\n",
- MODULE_NAME, MODULE_VERS);
-}
-
-
-module_init(init_procfs_example);
-module_exit(cleanup_procfs_example);
-
-MODULE_AUTHOR("Erik Mouw");
-MODULE_DESCRIPTION("procfs examples");
-MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/rapidio.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/rapidio.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 54eb26b57372..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/rapidio.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" [
- <!ENTITY rapidio SYSTEM "rapidio.xml">
- ]>
-
-<book id="RapidIO-Guide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>RapidIO Subsystem Guide</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Matt</firstname>
- <surname>Porter</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>mporter@kernel.crashing.org</email>
- <email>mporter@mvista.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2005</year>
- <holder>MontaVista Software, Inc.</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- RapidIO is a high speed switched fabric interconnect with
- features aimed at the embedded market. RapidIO provides
- support for memory-mapped I/O as well as message-based
- transactions over the switched fabric network. RapidIO has
- a standardized discovery mechanism not unlike the PCI bus
- standard that allows simple detection of devices in a
- network.
- </para>
- <para>
- This documentation is provided for developers intending
- to support RapidIO on new architectures, write new drivers,
- or to understand the subsystem internals.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="bugs">
- <title>Known Bugs and Limitations</title>
-
- <sect1 id="known_bugs">
- <title>Bugs</title>
- <para>None. ;)</para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Limitations">
- <title>Limitations</title>
- <para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Access/management of RapidIO memory regions is not supported</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Multiple host enumeration is not supported</para></listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="drivers">
- <title>RapidIO driver interface</title>
- <para>
- Drivers are provided a set of calls in order
- to interface with the subsystem to gather info
- on devices, request/map memory region resources,
- and manage mailboxes/doorbells.
- </para>
- <sect1 id="Functions">
- <title>Functions</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/rio_drv.h
-!Edrivers/rapidio/rio-driver.c
-!Edrivers/rapidio/rio.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="internals">
- <title>Internals</title>
-
- <para>
- This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the RapidIO
- subsystem.
- </para>
-
- <sect1 id="Structures"><title>Structures</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/rio.h
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Enumeration_and_Discovery"><title>Enumeration and Discovery</title>
-!Idrivers/rapidio/rio-scan.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Driver_functionality"><title>Driver functionality</title>
-!Idrivers/rapidio/rio.c
-!Idrivers/rapidio/rio-access.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Device_model_support"><title>Device model support</title>
-!Idrivers/rapidio/rio-driver.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="Sysfs_support"><title>Sysfs support</title>
-!Idrivers/rapidio/rio-sysfs.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="PPC32_support"><title>PPC32 support</title>
-!Earch/powerpc/sysdev/fsl_rio.c
-!Iarch/powerpc/sysdev/fsl_rio.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="credits">
- <title>Credits</title>
- <para>
- The following people have contributed to the RapidIO
- subsystem directly or indirectly:
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Matt Porter<email>mporter@kernel.crashing.org</email></para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Randy Vinson<email>rvinson@mvista.com</email></para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Dan Malek<email>dan@embeddedalley.com</email></para></listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </para>
- <para>
- The following people have contributed to this document:
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Matt Porter<email>mporter@kernel.crashing.org</email></para></listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </para>
- </chapter>
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/s390-drivers.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/s390-drivers.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 95bfc12e5439..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/s390-drivers.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="s390drivers">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Writing s390 channel device drivers</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Cornelia</firstname>
- <surname>Huck</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2007</year>
- <holder>IBM Corp.</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- This document describes the interfaces available for device drivers that
- drive s390 based channel attached I/O devices. This includes interfaces for
- interaction with the hardware and interfaces for interacting with the
- common driver core. Those interfaces are provided by the s390 common I/O
- layer.
- </para>
- <para>
- The document assumes a familarity with the technical terms associated
- with the s390 channel I/O architecture. For a description of this
- architecture, please refer to the "z/Architecture: Principles of
- Operation", IBM publication no. SA22-7832.
- </para>
- <para>
- While most I/O devices on a s390 system are typically driven through the
- channel I/O mechanism described here, there are various other methods
- (like the diag interface). These are out of the scope of this document.
- </para>
- <para>
- Some additional information can also be found in the kernel source
- under Documentation/s390/driver-model.txt.
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="ccw">
- <title>The ccw bus</title>
- <para>
- The ccw bus typically contains the majority of devices available to
- a s390 system. Named after the channel command word (ccw), the basic
- command structure used to address its devices, the ccw bus contains
- so-called channel attached devices. They are addressed via I/O
- subchannels, visible on the css bus. A device driver for
- channel-attached devices, however, will never interact with the
- subchannel directly, but only via the I/O device on the ccw bus,
- the ccw device.
- </para>
- <sect1 id="channelIO">
- <title>I/O functions for channel-attached devices</title>
- <para>
- Some hardware structures have been translated into C structures for use
- by the common I/O layer and device drivers. For more information on
- the hardware structures represented here, please consult the Principles
- of Operation.
- </para>
-!Iarch/s390/include/asm/cio.h
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="ccwdev">
- <title>ccw devices</title>
- <para>
- Devices that want to initiate channel I/O need to attach to the ccw bus.
- Interaction with the driver core is done via the common I/O layer, which
- provides the abstractions of ccw devices and ccw device drivers.
- </para>
- <para>
- The functions that initiate or terminate channel I/O all act upon a
- ccw device structure. Device drivers must not bypass those functions
- or strange side effects may happen.
- </para>
-!Iarch/s390/include/asm/ccwdev.h
-!Edrivers/s390/cio/device.c
-!Edrivers/s390/cio/device_ops.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="cmf">
- <title>The channel-measurement facility</title>
- <para>
- The channel-measurement facility provides a means to collect
- measurement data which is made available by the channel subsystem
- for each channel attached device.
- </para>
-!Iarch/s390/include/asm/cmb.h
-!Edrivers/s390/cio/cmf.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="ccwgroup">
- <title>The ccwgroup bus</title>
- <para>
- The ccwgroup bus only contains artificial devices, created by the user.
- Many networking devices (e.g. qeth) are in fact composed of several
- ccw devices (like read, write and data channel for qeth). The
- ccwgroup bus provides a mechanism to create a meta-device which
- contains those ccw devices as slave devices and can be associated
- with the netdevice.
- </para>
- <sect1 id="ccwgroupdevices">
- <title>ccw group devices</title>
-!Iarch/s390/include/asm/ccwgroup.h
-!Edrivers/s390/cio/ccwgroup.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="genericinterfaces">
- <title>Generic interfaces</title>
- <para>
- Some interfaces are available to other drivers that do not necessarily
- have anything to do with the busses described above, but still are
- indirectly using basic infrastructure in the common I/O layer.
- One example is the support for adapter interrupts.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/s390/cio/airq.c
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/scsi.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/scsi.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 10a150ae2a7e..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/scsi.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,409 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="scsimid">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>SCSI Interfaces Guide</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>James</firstname>
- <surname>Bottomley</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>James.Bottomley@hansenpartnership.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
-
- <author>
- <firstname>Rob</firstname>
- <surname>Landley</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>rob@landley.net</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
-
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2007</year>
- <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License version 2.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
- <toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <sect1 id="protocol_vs_bus">
- <title>Protocol vs bus</title>
- <para>
- Once upon a time, the Small Computer Systems Interface defined both
- a parallel I/O bus and a data protocol to connect a wide variety of
- peripherals (disk drives, tape drives, modems, printers, scanners,
- optical drives, test equipment, and medical devices) to a host
- computer.
- </para>
- <para>
- Although the old parallel (fast/wide/ultra) SCSI bus has largely
- fallen out of use, the SCSI command set is more widely used than ever
- to communicate with devices over a number of different busses.
- </para>
- <para>
- The <ulink url='http://www.t10.org/scsi-3.htm'>SCSI protocol</ulink>
- is a big-endian peer-to-peer packet based protocol. SCSI commands
- are 6, 10, 12, or 16 bytes long, often followed by an associated data
- payload.
- </para>
- <para>
- SCSI commands can be transported over just about any kind of bus, and
- are the default protocol for storage devices attached to USB, SATA,
- SAS, Fibre Channel, FireWire, and ATAPI devices. SCSI packets are
- also commonly exchanged over Infiniband,
- <ulink url='http://i2o.shadowconnect.com/faq.php'>I20</ulink>, TCP/IP
- (<ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISCSI'>iSCSI</ulink>), even
- <ulink url='http://cyberelk.net/tim/parport/parscsi.html'>Parallel
- ports</ulink>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="subsystem_design">
- <title>Design of the Linux SCSI subsystem</title>
- <para>
- The SCSI subsystem uses a three layer design, with upper, mid, and low
- layers. Every operation involving the SCSI subsystem (such as reading
- a sector from a disk) uses one driver at each of the 3 levels: one
- upper layer driver, one lower layer driver, and the SCSI midlayer.
- </para>
- <para>
- The SCSI upper layer provides the interface between userspace and the
- kernel, in the form of block and char device nodes for I/O and
- ioctl(). The SCSI lower layer contains drivers for specific hardware
- devices.
- </para>
- <para>
- In between is the SCSI mid-layer, analogous to a network routing
- layer such as the IPv4 stack. The SCSI mid-layer routes a packet
- based data protocol between the upper layer's /dev nodes and the
- corresponding devices in the lower layer. It manages command queues,
- provides error handling and power management functions, and responds
- to ioctl() requests.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="upper_layer">
- <title>SCSI upper layer</title>
- <para>
- The upper layer supports the user-kernel interface by providing
- device nodes.
- </para>
- <sect1 id="sd">
- <title>sd (SCSI Disk)</title>
- <para>sd (sd_mod.o)</para>
-<!-- !Idrivers/scsi/sd.c -->
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="sr">
- <title>sr (SCSI CD-ROM)</title>
- <para>sr (sr_mod.o)</para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="st">
- <title>st (SCSI Tape)</title>
- <para>st (st.o)</para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="sg">
- <title>sg (SCSI Generic)</title>
- <para>sg (sg.o)</para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="ch">
- <title>ch (SCSI Media Changer)</title>
- <para>ch (ch.c)</para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="mid_layer">
- <title>SCSI mid layer</title>
-
- <sect1 id="midlayer_implementation">
- <title>SCSI midlayer implementation</title>
- <sect2 id="scsi_device.h">
- <title>include/scsi/scsi_device.h</title>
- <para>
- </para>
-!Iinclude/scsi/scsi_device.h
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="scsi.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi.c</title>
- <para>Main file for the SCSI midlayer.</para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsicam.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsicam.c</title>
- <para>
- <ulink url='http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/cam/cam-r12b.pdf'>SCSI
- Common Access Method</ulink> support functions, for use with
- HDIO_GETGEO, etc.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsicam.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_error.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_error.c</title>
- <para>Common SCSI error/timeout handling routines.</para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi_error.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_devinfo.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_devinfo.c</title>
- <para>
- Manage scsi_dev_info_list, which tracks blacklisted and whitelisted
- devices.
- </para>
-!Idrivers/scsi/scsi_devinfo.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_ioctl.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_ioctl.c</title>
- <para>
- Handle ioctl() calls for SCSI devices.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi_ioctl.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_lib.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_lib.c</title>
- <para>
- SCSI queuing library.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi_lib.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_lib_dma.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_lib_dma.c</title>
- <para>
- SCSI library functions depending on DMA
- (map and unmap scatter-gather lists).
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi_lib_dma.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_module.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_module.c</title>
- <para>
- The file drivers/scsi/scsi_module.c contains legacy support for
- old-style host templates. It should never be used by any new driver.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_proc.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_proc.c</title>
- <para>
- The functions in this file provide an interface between
- the PROC file system and the SCSI device drivers
- It is mainly used for debugging, statistics and to pass
- information directly to the lowlevel driver.
-
- I.E. plumbing to manage /proc/scsi/*
- </para>
-!Idrivers/scsi/scsi_proc.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_netlink.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_netlink.c</title>
- <para>
- Infrastructure to provide async events from transports to userspace
- via netlink, using a single NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT protocol for all
- transports.
-
- See <ulink url='http://marc.info/?l=linux-scsi&amp;m=115507374832500&amp;w=2'>the
- original patch submission</ulink> for more details.
- </para>
-!Idrivers/scsi/scsi_netlink.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_scan.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_scan.c</title>
- <para>
- Scan a host to determine which (if any) devices are attached.
-
- The general scanning/probing algorithm is as follows, exceptions are
- made to it depending on device specific flags, compilation options,
- and global variable (boot or module load time) settings.
-
- A specific LUN is scanned via an INQUIRY command; if the LUN has a
- device attached, a scsi_device is allocated and setup for it.
-
- For every id of every channel on the given host, start by scanning
- LUN 0. Skip hosts that don't respond at all to a scan of LUN 0.
- Otherwise, if LUN 0 has a device attached, allocate and setup a
- scsi_device for it. If target is SCSI-3 or up, issue a REPORT LUN,
- and scan all of the LUNs returned by the REPORT LUN; else,
- sequentially scan LUNs up until some maximum is reached, or a LUN is
- seen that cannot have a device attached to it.
- </para>
-!Idrivers/scsi/scsi_scan.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_sysctl.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_sysctl.c</title>
- <para>
- Set up the sysctl entry: "/dev/scsi/logging_level"
- (DEV_SCSI_LOGGING_LEVEL) which sets/returns scsi_logging_level.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="scsi_sysfs.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/scsi_sysfs.c</title>
- <para>
- SCSI sysfs interface routines.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi_sysfs.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="hosts.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/hosts.c</title>
- <para>
- mid to lowlevel SCSI driver interface
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/hosts.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="constants.c">
- <title>drivers/scsi/constants.c</title>
- <para>
- mid to lowlevel SCSI driver interface
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/constants.c
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="Transport_classes">
- <title>Transport classes</title>
- <para>
- Transport classes are service libraries for drivers in the SCSI
- lower layer, which expose transport attributes in sysfs.
- </para>
- <sect2 id="Fibre_Channel_transport">
- <title>Fibre Channel transport</title>
- <para>
- The file drivers/scsi/scsi_transport_fc.c defines transport attributes
- for Fibre Channel.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi_transport_fc.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="iSCSI_transport">
- <title>iSCSI transport class</title>
- <para>
- The file drivers/scsi/scsi_transport_iscsi.c defines transport
- attributes for the iSCSI class, which sends SCSI packets over TCP/IP
- connections.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi_transport_iscsi.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="SAS_transport">
- <title>Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) transport class</title>
- <para>
- The file drivers/scsi/scsi_transport_sas.c defines transport
- attributes for Serial Attached SCSI, a variant of SATA aimed at
- large high-end systems.
- </para>
- <para>
- The SAS transport class contains common code to deal with SAS HBAs,
- an aproximated representation of SAS topologies in the driver model,
- and various sysfs attributes to expose these topologies and managment
- interfaces to userspace.
- </para>
- <para>
- In addition to the basic SCSI core objects this transport class
- introduces two additional intermediate objects: The SAS PHY
- as represented by struct sas_phy defines an "outgoing" PHY on
- a SAS HBA or Expander, and the SAS remote PHY represented by
- struct sas_rphy defines an "incoming" PHY on a SAS Expander or
- end device. Note that this is purely a software concept, the
- underlying hardware for a PHY and a remote PHY is the exactly
- the same.
- </para>
- <para>
- There is no concept of a SAS port in this code, users can see
- what PHYs form a wide port based on the port_identifier attribute,
- which is the same for all PHYs in a port.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi_transport_sas.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="SATA_transport">
- <title>SATA transport class</title>
- <para>
- The SATA transport is handled by libata, which has its own book of
- documentation in this directory.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="SPI_transport">
- <title>Parallel SCSI (SPI) transport class</title>
- <para>
- The file drivers/scsi/scsi_transport_spi.c defines transport
- attributes for traditional (fast/wide/ultra) SCSI busses.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi_transport_spi.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="SRP_transport">
- <title>SCSI RDMA (SRP) transport class</title>
- <para>
- The file drivers/scsi/scsi_transport_srp.c defines transport
- attributes for SCSI over Remote Direct Memory Access.
- </para>
-!Edrivers/scsi/scsi_transport_srp.c
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="lower_layer">
- <title>SCSI lower layer</title>
- <sect1 id="hba_drivers">
- <title>Host Bus Adapter transport types</title>
- <para>
- Many modern device controllers use the SCSI command set as a protocol to
- communicate with their devices through many different types of physical
- connections.
- </para>
- <para>
- In SCSI language a bus capable of carrying SCSI commands is
- called a "transport", and a controller connecting to such a bus is
- called a "host bus adapter" (HBA).
- </para>
- <sect2 id="scsi_debug.c">
- <title>Debug transport</title>
- <para>
- The file drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c simulates a host adapter with a
- variable number of disks (or disk like devices) attached, sharing a
- common amount of RAM. Does a lot of checking to make sure that we are
- not getting blocks mixed up, and panics the kernel if anything out of
- the ordinary is seen.
- </para>
- <para>
- To be more realistic, the simulated devices have the transport
- attributes of SAS disks.
- </para>
- <para>
- For documentation see
- <ulink url='http://www.torque.net/sg/sdebug26.html'>http://www.torque.net/sg/sdebug26.html</ulink>
- </para>
-<!-- !Edrivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c -->
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="todo">
- <title>todo</title>
- <para>Parallel (fast/wide/ultra) SCSI, USB, SATA,
- SAS, Fibre Channel, FireWire, ATAPI devices, Infiniband,
- I20, iSCSI, Parallel ports, netlink...
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/sh.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/sh.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c3dc4c69dd1..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/sh.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="sh-drivers">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>SuperH Interfaces Guide</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Paul</firstname>
- <surname>Mundt</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>lethal@linux-sh.org</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2008</year>
- <holder>Paul Mundt</holder>
- </copyright>
- <copyright>
- <year>2008</year>
- <holder>Renesas Technology Corp.</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="mm">
- <title>Memory Management</title>
- <sect1 id="sh4">
- <title>SH-4</title>
- <sect2 id="sq">
- <title>Store Queue API</title>
-!Earch/sh/kernel/cpu/sh4/sq.c
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="sh5">
- <title>SH-5</title>
- <sect2 id="tlb">
- <title>TLB Interfaces</title>
-!Iarch/sh/mm/tlb-sh5.c
-!Iarch/sh/include/asm/tlb_64.h
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="clk">
- <title>Clock Framework Extensions</title>
-!Iarch/sh/include/asm/clock.h
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="mach">
- <title>Machine Specific Interfaces</title>
- <sect1 id="dreamcast">
- <title>mach-dreamcast</title>
-!Iarch/sh/boards/mach-dreamcast/rtc.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="x3proto">
- <title>mach-x3proto</title>
-!Earch/sh/boards/mach-x3proto/ilsel.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="busses">
- <title>Busses</title>
- <sect1 id="superhyway">
- <title>SuperHyway</title>
-!Edrivers/sh/superhyway/superhyway.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="maple">
- <title>Maple</title>
-!Edrivers/sh/maple/maple.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl b/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl
deleted file mode 100644
index 974e17ccf106..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<stylesheet xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
-<param name="chunk.quietly">1</param>
-<param name="funcsynopsis.style">ansi</param>
-<param name="funcsynopsis.tabular.threshold">80</param>
-<!-- <param name="paper.type">A4</param> -->
-<param name="generate.section.toc.level">2</param>
-</stylesheet>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index df87d1b93605..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,620 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
-"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="index">
-<bookinfo>
-<title>The Userspace I/O HOWTO</title>
-
-<author>
- <firstname>Hans-Jürgen</firstname>
- <surname>Koch</surname>
- <authorblurb><para>Linux developer, Linutronix</para></authorblurb>
- <affiliation>
- <orgname>
- <ulink url="http://www.linutronix.de">Linutronix</ulink>
- </orgname>
-
- <address>
- <email>hjk@linutronix.de</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
-</author>
-
-<copyright>
- <year>2006-2008</year>
- <holder>Hans-Jürgen Koch.</holder>
-</copyright>
-
-<legalnotice>
-<para>
-This documentation is Free Software licensed under the terms of the
-GPL version 2.
-</para>
-</legalnotice>
-
-<pubdate>2006-12-11</pubdate>
-
-<abstract>
- <para>This HOWTO describes concept and usage of Linux kernel's
- Userspace I/O system.</para>
-</abstract>
-
-<revhistory>
- <revision>
- <revnumber>0.5</revnumber>
- <date>2008-05-22</date>
- <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials>
- <revremark>Added description of write() function.</revremark>
- </revision>
- <revision>
- <revnumber>0.4</revnumber>
- <date>2007-11-26</date>
- <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials>
- <revremark>Removed section about uio_dummy.</revremark>
- </revision>
- <revision>
- <revnumber>0.3</revnumber>
- <date>2007-04-29</date>
- <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials>
- <revremark>Added section about userspace drivers.</revremark>
- </revision>
- <revision>
- <revnumber>0.2</revnumber>
- <date>2007-02-13</date>
- <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials>
- <revremark>Update after multiple mappings were added.</revremark>
- </revision>
- <revision>
- <revnumber>0.1</revnumber>
- <date>2006-12-11</date>
- <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials>
- <revremark>First draft.</revremark>
- </revision>
-</revhistory>
-</bookinfo>
-
-<chapter id="aboutthisdoc">
-<?dbhtml filename="aboutthis.html"?>
-<title>About this document</title>
-
-<sect1 id="translations">
-<?dbhtml filename="translations.html"?>
-<title>Translations</title>
-
-<para>If you know of any translations for this document, or you are
-interested in translating it, please email me
-<email>hjk@linutronix.de</email>.
-</para>
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="preface">
-<title>Preface</title>
- <para>
- For many types of devices, creating a Linux kernel driver is
- overkill. All that is really needed is some way to handle an
- interrupt and provide access to the memory space of the
- device. The logic of controlling the device does not
- necessarily have to be within the kernel, as the device does
- not need to take advantage of any of other resources that the
- kernel provides. One such common class of devices that are
- like this are for industrial I/O cards.
- </para>
- <para>
- To address this situation, the userspace I/O system (UIO) was
- designed. For typical industrial I/O cards, only a very small
- kernel module is needed. The main part of the driver will run in
- user space. This simplifies development and reduces the risk of
- serious bugs within a kernel module.
- </para>
- <para>
- Please note that UIO is not an universal driver interface. Devices
- that are already handled well by other kernel subsystems (like
- networking or serial or USB) are no candidates for an UIO driver.
- Hardware that is ideally suited for an UIO driver fulfills all of
- the following:
- </para>
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem>
- <para>The device has memory that can be mapped. The device can be
- controlled completely by writing to this memory.</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem>
- <para>The device usually generates interrupts.</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem>
- <para>The device does not fit into one of the standard kernel
- subsystems.</para>
-</listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="thanks">
-<title>Acknowledgments</title>
- <para>I'd like to thank Thomas Gleixner and Benedikt Spranger of
- Linutronix, who have not only written most of the UIO code, but also
- helped greatly writing this HOWTO by giving me all kinds of background
- information.</para>
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="feedback">
-<title>Feedback</title>
- <para>Find something wrong with this document? (Or perhaps something
- right?) I would love to hear from you. Please email me at
- <email>hjk@linutronix.de</email>.</para>
-</sect1>
-</chapter>
-
-<chapter id="about">
-<?dbhtml filename="about.html"?>
-<title>About UIO</title>
-
-<para>If you use UIO for your card's driver, here's what you get:</para>
-
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem>
- <para>only one small kernel module to write and maintain.</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem>
- <para>develop the main part of your driver in user space,
- with all the tools and libraries you're used to.</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem>
- <para>bugs in your driver won't crash the kernel.</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem>
- <para>updates of your driver can take place without recompiling
- the kernel.</para>
-</listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-
-<sect1 id="how_uio_works">
-<title>How UIO works</title>
- <para>
- Each UIO device is accessed through a device file and several
- sysfs attribute files. The device file will be called
- <filename>/dev/uio0</filename> for the first device, and
- <filename>/dev/uio1</filename>, <filename>/dev/uio2</filename>
- and so on for subsequent devices.
- </para>
-
- <para><filename>/dev/uioX</filename> is used to access the
- address space of the card. Just use
- <function>mmap()</function> to access registers or RAM
- locations of your card.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Interrupts are handled by reading from
- <filename>/dev/uioX</filename>. A blocking
- <function>read()</function> from
- <filename>/dev/uioX</filename> will return as soon as an
- interrupt occurs. You can also use
- <function>select()</function> on
- <filename>/dev/uioX</filename> to wait for an interrupt. The
- integer value read from <filename>/dev/uioX</filename>
- represents the total interrupt count. You can use this number
- to figure out if you missed some interrupts.
- </para>
- <para>
- For some hardware that has more than one interrupt source internally,
- but not separate IRQ mask and status registers, there might be
- situations where userspace cannot determine what the interrupt source
- was if the kernel handler disables them by writing to the chip's IRQ
- register. In such a case, the kernel has to disable the IRQ completely
- to leave the chip's register untouched. Now the userspace part can
- determine the cause of the interrupt, but it cannot re-enable
- interrupts. Another cornercase is chips where re-enabling interrupts
- is a read-modify-write operation to a combined IRQ status/acknowledge
- register. This would be racy if a new interrupt occurred
- simultaneously.
- </para>
- <para>
- To address these problems, UIO also implements a write() function. It
- is normally not used and can be ignored for hardware that has only a
- single interrupt source or has separate IRQ mask and status registers.
- If you need it, however, a write to <filename>/dev/uioX</filename>
- will call the <function>irqcontrol()</function> function implemented
- by the driver. You have to write a 32-bit value that is usually either
- 0 or 1 to disable or enable interrupts. If a driver does not implement
- <function>irqcontrol()</function>, <function>write()</function> will
- return with <varname>-ENOSYS</varname>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- To handle interrupts properly, your custom kernel module can
- provide its own interrupt handler. It will automatically be
- called by the built-in handler.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For cards that don't generate interrupts but need to be
- polled, there is the possibility to set up a timer that
- triggers the interrupt handler at configurable time intervals.
- This interrupt simulation is done by calling
- <function>uio_event_notify()</function>
- from the timer's event handler.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Each driver provides attributes that are used to read or write
- variables. These attributes are accessible through sysfs
- files. A custom kernel driver module can add its own
- attributes to the device owned by the uio driver, but not added
- to the UIO device itself at this time. This might change in the
- future if it would be found to be useful.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The following standard attributes are provided by the UIO
- framework:
- </para>
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem>
- <para>
- <filename>name</filename>: The name of your device. It is
- recommended to use the name of your kernel module for this.
- </para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem>
- <para>
- <filename>version</filename>: A version string defined by your
- driver. This allows the user space part of your driver to deal
- with different versions of the kernel module.
- </para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem>
- <para>
- <filename>event</filename>: The total number of interrupts
- handled by the driver since the last time the device node was
- read.
- </para>
-</listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-<para>
- These attributes appear under the
- <filename>/sys/class/uio/uioX</filename> directory. Please
- note that this directory might be a symlink, and not a real
- directory. Any userspace code that accesses it must be able
- to handle this.
-</para>
-<para>
- Each UIO device can make one or more memory regions available for
- memory mapping. This is necessary because some industrial I/O cards
- require access to more than one PCI memory region in a driver.
-</para>
-<para>
- Each mapping has its own directory in sysfs, the first mapping
- appears as <filename>/sys/class/uio/uioX/maps/map0/</filename>.
- Subsequent mappings create directories <filename>map1/</filename>,
- <filename>map2/</filename>, and so on. These directories will only
- appear if the size of the mapping is not 0.
-</para>
-<para>
- Each <filename>mapX/</filename> directory contains two read-only files
- that show start address and size of the memory:
-</para>
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem>
- <para>
- <filename>addr</filename>: The address of memory that can be mapped.
- </para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem>
- <para>
- <filename>size</filename>: The size, in bytes, of the memory
- pointed to by addr.
- </para>
-</listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-
-<para>
- From userspace, the different mappings are distinguished by adjusting
- the <varname>offset</varname> parameter of the
- <function>mmap()</function> call. To map the memory of mapping N, you
- have to use N times the page size as your offset:
-</para>
-<programlisting format="linespecific">
-offset = N * getpagesize();
-</programlisting>
-
-</sect1>
-</chapter>
-
-<chapter id="custom_kernel_module" xreflabel="Writing your own kernel module">
-<?dbhtml filename="custom_kernel_module.html"?>
-<title>Writing your own kernel module</title>
- <para>
- Please have a look at <filename>uio_cif.c</filename> as an
- example. The following paragraphs explain the different
- sections of this file.
- </para>
-
-<sect1 id="uio_info">
-<title>struct uio_info</title>
- <para>
- This structure tells the framework the details of your driver,
- Some of the members are required, others are optional.
- </para>
-
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>char *name</varname>: Required. The name of your driver as
-it will appear in sysfs. I recommend using the name of your module for this.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>char *version</varname>: Required. This string appears in
-<filename>/sys/class/uio/uioX/version</filename>.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>struct uio_mem mem[ MAX_UIO_MAPS ]</varname>: Required if you
-have memory that can be mapped with <function>mmap()</function>. For each
-mapping you need to fill one of the <varname>uio_mem</varname> structures.
-See the description below for details.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>long irq</varname>: Required. If your hardware generates an
-interrupt, it's your modules task to determine the irq number during
-initialization. If you don't have a hardware generated interrupt but
-want to trigger the interrupt handler in some other way, set
-<varname>irq</varname> to <varname>UIO_IRQ_CUSTOM</varname>.
-If you had no interrupt at all, you could set
-<varname>irq</varname> to <varname>UIO_IRQ_NONE</varname>, though this
-rarely makes sense.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>unsigned long irq_flags</varname>: Required if you've set
-<varname>irq</varname> to a hardware interrupt number. The flags given
-here will be used in the call to <function>request_irq()</function>.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>int (*mmap)(struct uio_info *info, struct vm_area_struct
-*vma)</varname>: Optional. If you need a special
-<function>mmap()</function> function, you can set it here. If this
-pointer is not NULL, your <function>mmap()</function> will be called
-instead of the built-in one.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>int (*open)(struct uio_info *info, struct inode *inode)
-</varname>: Optional. You might want to have your own
-<function>open()</function>, e.g. to enable interrupts only when your
-device is actually used.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>int (*release)(struct uio_info *info, struct inode *inode)
-</varname>: Optional. If you define your own
-<function>open()</function>, you will probably also want a custom
-<function>release()</function> function.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>int (*irqcontrol)(struct uio_info *info, s32 irq_on)
-</varname>: Optional. If you need to be able to enable or disable
-interrupts from userspace by writing to <filename>/dev/uioX</filename>,
-you can implement this function. The parameter <varname>irq_on</varname>
-will be 0 to disable interrupts and 1 to enable them.
-</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-
-<para>
-Usually, your device will have one or more memory regions that can be mapped
-to user space. For each region, you have to set up a
-<varname>struct uio_mem</varname> in the <varname>mem[]</varname> array.
-Here's a description of the fields of <varname>struct uio_mem</varname>:
-</para>
-
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>int memtype</varname>: Required if the mapping is used. Set this to
-<varname>UIO_MEM_PHYS</varname> if you you have physical memory on your
-card to be mapped. Use <varname>UIO_MEM_LOGICAL</varname> for logical
-memory (e.g. allocated with <function>kmalloc()</function>). There's also
-<varname>UIO_MEM_VIRTUAL</varname> for virtual memory.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>unsigned long addr</varname>: Required if the mapping is used.
-Fill in the address of your memory block. This address is the one that
-appears in sysfs.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>unsigned long size</varname>: Fill in the size of the
-memory block that <varname>addr</varname> points to. If <varname>size</varname>
-is zero, the mapping is considered unused. Note that you
-<emphasis>must</emphasis> initialize <varname>size</varname> with zero for
-all unused mappings.
-</para></listitem>
-
-<listitem><para>
-<varname>void *internal_addr</varname>: If you have to access this memory
-region from within your kernel module, you will want to map it internally by
-using something like <function>ioremap()</function>. Addresses
-returned by this function cannot be mapped to user space, so you must not
-store it in <varname>addr</varname>. Use <varname>internal_addr</varname>
-instead to remember such an address.
-</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-
-<para>
-Please do not touch the <varname>kobj</varname> element of
-<varname>struct uio_mem</varname>! It is used by the UIO framework
-to set up sysfs files for this mapping. Simply leave it alone.
-</para>
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="adding_irq_handler">
-<title>Adding an interrupt handler</title>
- <para>
- What you need to do in your interrupt handler depends on your
- hardware and on how you want to handle it. You should try to
- keep the amount of code in your kernel interrupt handler low.
- If your hardware requires no action that you
- <emphasis>have</emphasis> to perform after each interrupt,
- then your handler can be empty.</para> <para>If, on the other
- hand, your hardware <emphasis>needs</emphasis> some action to
- be performed after each interrupt, then you
- <emphasis>must</emphasis> do it in your kernel module. Note
- that you cannot rely on the userspace part of your driver. Your
- userspace program can terminate at any time, possibly leaving
- your hardware in a state where proper interrupt handling is
- still required.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- There might also be applications where you want to read data
- from your hardware at each interrupt and buffer it in a piece
- of kernel memory you've allocated for that purpose. With this
- technique you could avoid loss of data if your userspace
- program misses an interrupt.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- A note on shared interrupts: Your driver should support
- interrupt sharing whenever this is possible. It is possible if
- and only if your driver can detect whether your hardware has
- triggered the interrupt or not. This is usually done by looking
- at an interrupt status register. If your driver sees that the
- IRQ bit is actually set, it will perform its actions, and the
- handler returns IRQ_HANDLED. If the driver detects that it was
- not your hardware that caused the interrupt, it will do nothing
- and return IRQ_NONE, allowing the kernel to call the next
- possible interrupt handler.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- If you decide not to support shared interrupts, your card
- won't work in computers with no free interrupts. As this
- frequently happens on the PC platform, you can save yourself a
- lot of trouble by supporting interrupt sharing.
- </para>
-</sect1>
-
-</chapter>
-
-<chapter id="userspace_driver" xreflabel="Writing a driver in user space">
-<?dbhtml filename="userspace_driver.html"?>
-<title>Writing a driver in userspace</title>
- <para>
- Once you have a working kernel module for your hardware, you can
- write the userspace part of your driver. You don't need any special
- libraries, your driver can be written in any reasonable language,
- you can use floating point numbers and so on. In short, you can
- use all the tools and libraries you'd normally use for writing a
- userspace application.
- </para>
-
-<sect1 id="getting_uio_information">
-<title>Getting information about your UIO device</title>
- <para>
- Information about all UIO devices is available in sysfs. The
- first thing you should do in your driver is check
- <varname>name</varname> and <varname>version</varname> to
- make sure your talking to the right device and that its kernel
- driver has the version you expect.
- </para>
- <para>
- You should also make sure that the memory mapping you need
- exists and has the size you expect.
- </para>
- <para>
- There is a tool called <varname>lsuio</varname> that lists
- UIO devices and their attributes. It is available here:
- </para>
- <para>
- <ulink url="http://www.osadl.org/projects/downloads/UIO/user/">
- http://www.osadl.org/projects/downloads/UIO/user/</ulink>
- </para>
- <para>
- With <varname>lsuio</varname> you can quickly check if your
- kernel module is loaded and which attributes it exports.
- Have a look at the manpage for details.
- </para>
- <para>
- The source code of <varname>lsuio</varname> can serve as an
- example for getting information about an UIO device.
- The file <filename>uio_helper.c</filename> contains a lot of
- functions you could use in your userspace driver code.
- </para>
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="mmap_device_memory">
-<title>mmap() device memory</title>
- <para>
- After you made sure you've got the right device with the
- memory mappings you need, all you have to do is to call
- <function>mmap()</function> to map the device's memory
- to userspace.
- </para>
- <para>
- The parameter <varname>offset</varname> of the
- <function>mmap()</function> call has a special meaning
- for UIO devices: It is used to select which mapping of
- your device you want to map. To map the memory of
- mapping N, you have to use N times the page size as
- your offset:
- </para>
-<programlisting format="linespecific">
- offset = N * getpagesize();
-</programlisting>
- <para>
- N starts from zero, so if you've got only one memory
- range to map, set <varname>offset = 0</varname>.
- A drawback of this technique is that memory is always
- mapped beginning with its start address.
- </para>
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="wait_for_interrupts">
-<title>Waiting for interrupts</title>
- <para>
- After you successfully mapped your devices memory, you
- can access it like an ordinary array. Usually, you will
- perform some initialization. After that, your hardware
- starts working and will generate an interrupt as soon
- as it's finished, has some data available, or needs your
- attention because an error occured.
- </para>
- <para>
- <filename>/dev/uioX</filename> is a read-only file. A
- <function>read()</function> will always block until an
- interrupt occurs. There is only one legal value for the
- <varname>count</varname> parameter of
- <function>read()</function>, and that is the size of a
- signed 32 bit integer (4). Any other value for
- <varname>count</varname> causes <function>read()</function>
- to fail. The signed 32 bit integer read is the interrupt
- count of your device. If the value is one more than the value
- you read the last time, everything is OK. If the difference
- is greater than one, you missed interrupts.
- </para>
- <para>
- You can also use <function>select()</function> on
- <filename>/dev/uioX</filename>.
- </para>
-</sect1>
-
-</chapter>
-
-<appendix id="app1">
-<title>Further information</title>
-<itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>
- <ulink url="http://www.osadl.org">
- OSADL homepage.</ulink>
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- <ulink url="http://www.linutronix.de">
- Linutronix homepage.</ulink>
- </para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
-</appendix>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index af293606fbe3..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,980 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="Linux-USB-API">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>The Linux-USB Host Side API</title>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
-<chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction to USB on Linux</title>
-
- <para>A Universal Serial Bus (USB) is used to connect a host,
- such as a PC or workstation, to a number of peripheral
- devices. USB uses a tree structure, with the host as the
- root (the system's master), hubs as interior nodes, and
- peripherals as leaves (and slaves).
- Modern PCs support several such trees of USB devices, usually
- one USB 2.0 tree (480 Mbit/sec each) with
- a few USB 1.1 trees (12 Mbit/sec each) that are used when you
- connect a USB 1.1 device directly to the machine's "root hub".
- </para>
-
- <para>That master/slave asymmetry was designed-in for a number of
- reasons, one being ease of use. It is not physically possible to
- assemble (legal) USB cables incorrectly: all upstream "to the host"
- connectors are the rectangular type (matching the sockets on
- root hubs), and all downstream connectors are the squarish type
- (or they are built into the peripheral).
- Also, the host software doesn't need to deal with distributed
- auto-configuration since the pre-designated master node manages all that.
- And finally, at the electrical level, bus protocol overhead is reduced by
- eliminating arbitration and moving scheduling into the host software.
- </para>
-
- <para>USB 1.0 was announced in January 1996 and was revised
- as USB 1.1 (with improvements in hub specification and
- support for interrupt-out transfers) in September 1998.
- USB 2.0 was released in April 2000, adding high-speed
- transfers and transaction-translating hubs (used for USB 1.1
- and 1.0 backward compatibility).
- </para>
-
- <para>Kernel developers added USB support to Linux early in the 2.2 kernel
- series, shortly before 2.3 development forked. Updates from 2.3 were
- regularly folded back into 2.2 releases, which improved reliability and
- brought <filename>/sbin/hotplug</filename> support as well more drivers.
- Such improvements were continued in the 2.5 kernel series, where they added
- USB 2.0 support, improved performance, and made the host controller drivers
- (HCDs) more consistent. They also simplified the API (to make bugs less
- likely) and added internal "kerneldoc" documentation.
- </para>
-
- <para>Linux can run inside USB devices as well as on
- the hosts that control the devices.
- But USB device drivers running inside those peripherals
- don't do the same things as the ones running inside hosts,
- so they've been given a different name:
- <emphasis>gadget drivers</emphasis>.
- This document does not cover gadget drivers.
- </para>
-
- </chapter>
-
-<chapter id="host">
- <title>USB Host-Side API Model</title>
-
- <para>Host-side drivers for USB devices talk to the "usbcore" APIs.
- There are two. One is intended for
- <emphasis>general-purpose</emphasis> drivers (exposed through
- driver frameworks), and the other is for drivers that are
- <emphasis>part of the core</emphasis>.
- Such core drivers include the <emphasis>hub</emphasis> driver
- (which manages trees of USB devices) and several different kinds
- of <emphasis>host controller drivers</emphasis>,
- which control individual busses.
- </para>
-
- <para>The device model seen by USB drivers is relatively complex.
- </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
-
- <listitem><para>USB supports four kinds of data transfers
- (control, bulk, interrupt, and isochronous). Two of them (control
- and bulk) use bandwidth as it's available,
- while the other two (interrupt and isochronous)
- are scheduled to provide guaranteed bandwidth.
- </para></listitem>
-
- <listitem><para>The device description model includes one or more
- "configurations" per device, only one of which is active at a time.
- Devices that are capable of high-speed operation must also support
- full-speed configurations, along with a way to ask about the
- "other speed" configurations which might be used.
- </para></listitem>
-
- <listitem><para>Configurations have one or more "interfaces", each
- of which may have "alternate settings". Interfaces may be
- standardized by USB "Class" specifications, or may be specific to
- a vendor or device.</para>
-
- <para>USB device drivers actually bind to interfaces, not devices.
- Think of them as "interface drivers", though you
- may not see many devices where the distinction is important.
- <emphasis>Most USB devices are simple, with only one configuration,
- one interface, and one alternate setting.</emphasis>
- </para></listitem>
-
- <listitem><para>Interfaces have one or more "endpoints", each of
- which supports one type and direction of data transfer such as
- "bulk out" or "interrupt in". The entire configuration may have
- up to sixteen endpoints in each direction, allocated as needed
- among all the interfaces.
- </para></listitem>
-
- <listitem><para>Data transfer on USB is packetized; each endpoint
- has a maximum packet size.
- Drivers must often be aware of conventions such as flagging the end
- of bulk transfers using "short" (including zero length) packets.
- </para></listitem>
-
- <listitem><para>The Linux USB API supports synchronous calls for
- control and bulk messages.
- It also supports asynchnous calls for all kinds of data transfer,
- using request structures called "URBs" (USB Request Blocks).
- </para></listitem>
-
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>Accordingly, the USB Core API exposed to device drivers
- covers quite a lot of territory. You'll probably need to consult
- the USB 2.0 specification, available online from www.usb.org at
- no cost, as well as class or device specifications.
- </para>
-
- <para>The only host-side drivers that actually touch hardware
- (reading/writing registers, handling IRQs, and so on) are the HCDs.
- In theory, all HCDs provide the same functionality through the same
- API. In practice, that's becoming more true on the 2.5 kernels,
- but there are still differences that crop up especially with
- fault handling. Different controllers don't necessarily report
- the same aspects of failures, and recovery from faults (including
- software-induced ones like unlinking an URB) isn't yet fully
- consistent.
- Device driver authors should make a point of doing disconnect
- testing (while the device is active) with each different host
- controller driver, to make sure drivers don't have bugs of
- their own as well as to make sure they aren't relying on some
- HCD-specific behavior.
- (You will need external USB 1.1 and/or
- USB 2.0 hubs to perform all those tests.)
- </para>
-
- </chapter>
-
-<chapter id="types"><title>USB-Standard Types</title>
-
- <para>In <filename>&lt;linux/usb/ch9.h&gt;</filename> you will find
- the USB data types defined in chapter 9 of the USB specification.
- These data types are used throughout USB, and in APIs including
- this host side API, gadget APIs, and usbfs.
- </para>
-
-!Iinclude/linux/usb/ch9.h
-
- </chapter>
-
-<chapter id="hostside"><title>Host-Side Data Types and Macros</title>
-
- <para>The host side API exposes several layers to drivers, some of
- which are more necessary than others.
- These support lifecycle models for host side drivers
- and devices, and support passing buffers through usbcore to
- some HCD that performs the I/O for the device driver.
- </para>
-
-
-!Iinclude/linux/usb.h
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="usbcore"><title>USB Core APIs</title>
-
- <para>There are two basic I/O models in the USB API.
- The most elemental one is asynchronous: drivers submit requests
- in the form of an URB, and the URB's completion callback
- handle the next step.
- All USB transfer types support that model, although there
- are special cases for control URBs (which always have setup
- and status stages, but may not have a data stage) and
- isochronous URBs (which allow large packets and include
- per-packet fault reports).
- Built on top of that is synchronous API support, where a
- driver calls a routine that allocates one or more URBs,
- submits them, and waits until they complete.
- There are synchronous wrappers for single-buffer control
- and bulk transfers (which are awkward to use in some
- driver disconnect scenarios), and for scatterlist based
- streaming i/o (bulk or interrupt).
- </para>
-
- <para>USB drivers need to provide buffers that can be
- used for DMA, although they don't necessarily need to
- provide the DMA mapping themselves.
- There are APIs to use used when allocating DMA buffers,
- which can prevent use of bounce buffers on some systems.
- In some cases, drivers may be able to rely on 64bit DMA
- to eliminate another kind of bounce buffer.
- </para>
-
-!Edrivers/usb/core/urb.c
-!Edrivers/usb/core/message.c
-!Edrivers/usb/core/file.c
-!Edrivers/usb/core/driver.c
-!Edrivers/usb/core/usb.c
-!Edrivers/usb/core/hub.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="hcd"><title>Host Controller APIs</title>
-
- <para>These APIs are only for use by host controller drivers,
- most of which implement standard register interfaces such as
- EHCI, OHCI, or UHCI.
- UHCI was one of the first interfaces, designed by Intel and
- also used by VIA; it doesn't do much in hardware.
- OHCI was designed later, to have the hardware do more work
- (bigger transfers, tracking protocol state, and so on).
- EHCI was designed with USB 2.0; its design has features that
- resemble OHCI (hardware does much more work) as well as
- UHCI (some parts of ISO support, TD list processing).
- </para>
-
- <para>There are host controllers other than the "big three",
- although most PCI based controllers (and a few non-PCI based
- ones) use one of those interfaces.
- Not all host controllers use DMA; some use PIO, and there
- is also a simulator.
- </para>
-
- <para>The same basic APIs are available to drivers for all
- those controllers.
- For historical reasons they are in two layers:
- <structname>struct usb_bus</structname> is a rather thin
- layer that became available in the 2.2 kernels, while
- <structname>struct usb_hcd</structname> is a more featureful
- layer (available in later 2.4 kernels and in 2.5) that
- lets HCDs share common code, to shrink driver size
- and significantly reduce hcd-specific behaviors.
- </para>
-
-!Edrivers/usb/core/hcd.c
-!Edrivers/usb/core/hcd-pci.c
-!Idrivers/usb/core/buffer.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="usbfs">
- <title>The USB Filesystem (usbfs)</title>
-
- <para>This chapter presents the Linux <emphasis>usbfs</emphasis>.
- You may prefer to avoid writing new kernel code for your
- USB driver; that's the problem that usbfs set out to solve.
- User mode device drivers are usually packaged as applications
- or libraries, and may use usbfs through some programming library
- that wraps it. Such libraries include
- <ulink url="http://libusb.sourceforge.net">libusb</ulink>
- for C/C++, and
- <ulink url="http://jUSB.sourceforge.net">jUSB</ulink> for Java.
- </para>
-
- <note><title>Unfinished</title>
- <para>This particular documentation is incomplete,
- especially with respect to the asynchronous mode.
- As of kernel 2.5.66 the code and this (new) documentation
- need to be cross-reviewed.
- </para>
- </note>
-
- <para>Configure usbfs into Linux kernels by enabling the
- <emphasis>USB filesystem</emphasis> option (CONFIG_USB_DEVICEFS),
- and you get basic support for user mode USB device drivers.
- Until relatively recently it was often (confusingly) called
- <emphasis>usbdevfs</emphasis> although it wasn't solving what
- <emphasis>devfs</emphasis> was.
- Every USB device will appear in usbfs, regardless of whether or
- not it has a kernel driver.
- </para>
-
- <sect1 id="usbfs-files">
- <title>What files are in "usbfs"?</title>
-
- <para>Conventionally mounted at
- <filename>/proc/bus/usb</filename>, usbfs
- features include:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para><filename>/proc/bus/usb/devices</filename>
- ... a text file
- showing each of the USB devices on known to the kernel,
- and their configuration descriptors.
- You can also poll() this to learn about new devices.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><filename>/proc/bus/usb/BBB/DDD</filename>
- ... magic files
- exposing the each device's configuration descriptors, and
- supporting a series of ioctls for making device requests,
- including I/O to devices. (Purely for access by programs.)
- </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
-
- <para> Each bus is given a number (BBB) based on when it was
- enumerated; within each bus, each device is given a similar
- number (DDD).
- Those BBB/DDD paths are not "stable" identifiers;
- expect them to change even if you always leave the devices
- plugged in to the same hub port.
- <emphasis>Don't even think of saving these in application
- configuration files.</emphasis>
- Stable identifiers are available, for user mode applications
- that want to use them. HID and networking devices expose
- these stable IDs, so that for example you can be sure that
- you told the right UPS to power down its second server.
- "usbfs" doesn't (yet) expose those IDs.
- </para>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="usbfs-fstab">
- <title>Mounting and Access Control</title>
-
- <para>There are a number of mount options for usbfs, which will
- be of most interest to you if you need to override the default
- access control policy.
- That policy is that only root may read or write device files
- (<filename>/proc/bus/BBB/DDD</filename>) although anyone may read
- the <filename>devices</filename>
- or <filename>drivers</filename> files.
- I/O requests to the device also need the CAP_SYS_RAWIO capability,
- </para>
-
- <para>The significance of that is that by default, all user mode
- device drivers need super-user privileges.
- You can change modes or ownership in a driver setup
- when the device hotplugs, or maye just start the
- driver right then, as a privileged server (or some activity
- within one).
- That's the most secure approach for multi-user systems,
- but for single user systems ("trusted" by that user)
- it's more convenient just to grant everyone all access
- (using the <emphasis>devmode=0666</emphasis> option)
- so the driver can start whenever it's needed.
- </para>
-
- <para>The mount options for usbfs, usable in /etc/fstab or
- in command line invocations of <emphasis>mount</emphasis>, are:
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><emphasis>busgid</emphasis>=NNNNN</term>
- <listitem><para>Controls the GID used for the
- /proc/bus/usb/BBB
- directories. (Default: 0)</para></listitem></varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term><emphasis>busmode</emphasis>=MMM</term>
- <listitem><para>Controls the file mode used for the
- /proc/bus/usb/BBB
- directories. (Default: 0555)
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term><emphasis>busuid</emphasis>=NNNNN</term>
- <listitem><para>Controls the UID used for the
- /proc/bus/usb/BBB
- directories. (Default: 0)</para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term><emphasis>devgid</emphasis>=NNNNN</term>
- <listitem><para>Controls the GID used for the
- /proc/bus/usb/BBB/DDD
- files. (Default: 0)</para></listitem></varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term><emphasis>devmode</emphasis>=MMM</term>
- <listitem><para>Controls the file mode used for the
- /proc/bus/usb/BBB/DDD
- files. (Default: 0644)</para></listitem></varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term><emphasis>devuid</emphasis>=NNNNN</term>
- <listitem><para>Controls the UID used for the
- /proc/bus/usb/BBB/DDD
- files. (Default: 0)</para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term><emphasis>listgid</emphasis>=NNNNN</term>
- <listitem><para>Controls the GID used for the
- /proc/bus/usb/devices and drivers files.
- (Default: 0)</para></listitem></varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term><emphasis>listmode</emphasis>=MMM</term>
- <listitem><para>Controls the file mode used for the
- /proc/bus/usb/devices and drivers files.
- (Default: 0444)</para></listitem></varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term><emphasis>listuid</emphasis>=NNNNN</term>
- <listitem><para>Controls the UID used for the
- /proc/bus/usb/devices and drivers files.
- (Default: 0)</para></listitem></varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
-
- </para>
-
- <para>Note that many Linux distributions hard-wire the mount options
- for usbfs in their init scripts, such as
- <filename>/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit</filename>,
- rather than making it easy to set this per-system
- policy in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.
- </para>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="usbfs-devices">
- <title>/proc/bus/usb/devices</title>
-
- <para>This file is handy for status viewing tools in user
- mode, which can scan the text format and ignore most of it.
- More detailed device status (including class and vendor
- status) is available from device-specific files.
- For information about the current format of this file,
- see the
- <filename>Documentation/usb/proc_usb_info.txt</filename>
- file in your Linux kernel sources.
- </para>
-
- <para>This file, in combination with the poll() system call, can
- also be used to detect when devices are added or removed:
-<programlisting>int fd;
-struct pollfd pfd;
-
-fd = open("/proc/bus/usb/devices", O_RDONLY);
-pfd = { fd, POLLIN, 0 };
-for (;;) {
- /* The first time through, this call will return immediately. */
- poll(&amp;pfd, 1, -1);
-
- /* To see what's changed, compare the file's previous and current
- contents or scan the filesystem. (Scanning is more precise.) */
-}</programlisting>
- Note that this behavior is intended to be used for informational
- and debug purposes. It would be more appropriate to use programs
- such as udev or HAL to initialize a device or start a user-mode
- helper program, for instance.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="usbfs-bbbddd">
- <title>/proc/bus/usb/BBB/DDD</title>
-
- <para>Use these files in one of these basic ways:
- </para>
-
- <para><emphasis>They can be read,</emphasis>
- producing first the device descriptor
- (18 bytes) and then the descriptors for the current configuration.
- See the USB 2.0 spec for details about those binary data formats.
- You'll need to convert most multibyte values from little endian
- format to your native host byte order, although a few of the
- fields in the device descriptor (both of the BCD-encoded fields,
- and the vendor and product IDs) will be byteswapped for you.
- Note that configuration descriptors include descriptors for
- interfaces, altsettings, endpoints, and maybe additional
- class descriptors.
- </para>
-
- <para><emphasis>Perform USB operations</emphasis> using
- <emphasis>ioctl()</emphasis> requests to make endpoint I/O
- requests (synchronously or asynchronously) or manage
- the device.
- These requests need the CAP_SYS_RAWIO capability,
- as well as filesystem access permissions.
- Only one ioctl request can be made on one of these
- device files at a time.
- This means that if you are synchronously reading an endpoint
- from one thread, you won't be able to write to a different
- endpoint from another thread until the read completes.
- This works for <emphasis>half duplex</emphasis> protocols,
- but otherwise you'd use asynchronous i/o requests.
- </para>
-
- </sect1>
-
-
- <sect1 id="usbfs-lifecycle">
- <title>Life Cycle of User Mode Drivers</title>
-
- <para>Such a driver first needs to find a device file
- for a device it knows how to handle.
- Maybe it was told about it because a
- <filename>/sbin/hotplug</filename> event handling agent
- chose that driver to handle the new device.
- Or maybe it's an application that scans all the
- /proc/bus/usb device files, and ignores most devices.
- In either case, it should <function>read()</function> all
- the descriptors from the device file,
- and check them against what it knows how to handle.
- It might just reject everything except a particular
- vendor and product ID, or need a more complex policy.
- </para>
-
- <para>Never assume there will only be one such device
- on the system at a time!
- If your code can't handle more than one device at
- a time, at least detect when there's more than one, and
- have your users choose which device to use.
- </para>
-
- <para>Once your user mode driver knows what device to use,
- it interacts with it in either of two styles.
- The simple style is to make only control requests; some
- devices don't need more complex interactions than those.
- (An example might be software using vendor-specific control
- requests for some initialization or configuration tasks,
- with a kernel driver for the rest.)
- </para>
-
- <para>More likely, you need a more complex style driver:
- one using non-control endpoints, reading or writing data
- and claiming exclusive use of an interface.
- <emphasis>Bulk</emphasis> transfers are easiest to use,
- but only their sibling <emphasis>interrupt</emphasis> transfers
- work with low speed devices.
- Both interrupt and <emphasis>isochronous</emphasis> transfers
- offer service guarantees because their bandwidth is reserved.
- Such "periodic" transfers are awkward to use through usbfs,
- unless you're using the asynchronous calls. However, interrupt
- transfers can also be used in a synchronous "one shot" style.
- </para>
-
- <para>Your user-mode driver should never need to worry
- about cleaning up request state when the device is
- disconnected, although it should close its open file
- descriptors as soon as it starts seeing the ENODEV
- errors.
- </para>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="usbfs-ioctl"><title>The ioctl() Requests</title>
-
- <para>To use these ioctls, you need to include the following
- headers in your userspace program:
-<programlisting>#include &lt;linux/usb.h&gt;
-#include &lt;linux/usbdevice_fs.h&gt;
-#include &lt;asm/byteorder.h&gt;</programlisting>
- The standard USB device model requests, from "Chapter 9" of
- the USB 2.0 specification, are automatically included from
- the <filename>&lt;linux/usb/ch9.h&gt;</filename> header.
- </para>
-
- <para>Unless noted otherwise, the ioctl requests
- described here will
- update the modification time on the usbfs file to which
- they are applied (unless they fail).
- A return of zero indicates success; otherwise, a
- standard USB error code is returned. (These are
- documented in
- <filename>Documentation/usb/error-codes.txt</filename>
- in your kernel sources.)
- </para>
-
- <para>Each of these files multiplexes access to several
- I/O streams, one per endpoint.
- Each device has one control endpoint (endpoint zero)
- which supports a limited RPC style RPC access.
- Devices are configured
- by khubd (in the kernel) setting a device-wide
- <emphasis>configuration</emphasis> that affects things
- like power consumption and basic functionality.
- The endpoints are part of USB <emphasis>interfaces</emphasis>,
- which may have <emphasis>altsettings</emphasis>
- affecting things like which endpoints are available.
- Many devices only have a single configuration and interface,
- so drivers for them will ignore configurations and altsettings.
- </para>
-
-
- <sect2 id="usbfs-mgmt">
- <title>Management/Status Requests</title>
-
- <para>A number of usbfs requests don't deal very directly
- with device I/O.
- They mostly relate to device management and status.
- These are all synchronous requests.
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_CLAIMINTERFACE</term>
- <listitem><para>This is used to force usbfs to
- claim a specific interface,
- which has not previously been claimed by usbfs or any other
- kernel driver.
- The ioctl parameter is an integer holding the number of
- the interface (bInterfaceNumber from descriptor).
- </para><para>
- Note that if your driver doesn't claim an interface
- before trying to use one of its endpoints, and no
- other driver has bound to it, then the interface is
- automatically claimed by usbfs.
- </para><para>
- This claim will be released by a RELEASEINTERFACE ioctl,
- or by closing the file descriptor.
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_CONNECTINFO</term>
- <listitem><para>Says whether the device is lowspeed.
- The ioctl parameter points to a structure like this:
-<programlisting>struct usbdevfs_connectinfo {
- unsigned int devnum;
- unsigned char slow;
-}; </programlisting>
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para><para>
- <emphasis>You can't tell whether a "not slow"
- device is connected at high speed (480 MBit/sec)
- or just full speed (12 MBit/sec).</emphasis>
- You should know the devnum value already,
- it's the DDD value of the device file name.
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_GETDRIVER</term>
- <listitem><para>Returns the name of the kernel driver
- bound to a given interface (a string). Parameter
- is a pointer to this structure, which is modified:
-<programlisting>struct usbdevfs_getdriver {
- unsigned int interface;
- char driver[USBDEVFS_MAXDRIVERNAME + 1];
-};</programlisting>
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_IOCTL</term>
- <listitem><para>Passes a request from userspace through
- to a kernel driver that has an ioctl entry in the
- <emphasis>struct usb_driver</emphasis> it registered.
-<programlisting>struct usbdevfs_ioctl {
- int ifno;
- int ioctl_code;
- void *data;
-};
-
-/* user mode call looks like this.
- * 'request' becomes the driver->ioctl() 'code' parameter.
- * the size of 'param' is encoded in 'request', and that data
- * is copied to or from the driver->ioctl() 'buf' parameter.
- */
-static int
-usbdev_ioctl (int fd, int ifno, unsigned request, void *param)
-{
- struct usbdevfs_ioctl wrapper;
-
- wrapper.ifno = ifno;
- wrapper.ioctl_code = request;
- wrapper.data = param;
-
- return ioctl (fd, USBDEVFS_IOCTL, &amp;wrapper);
-} </programlisting>
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para><para>
- This request lets kernel drivers talk to user mode code
- through filesystem operations even when they don't create
- a charactor or block special device.
- It's also been used to do things like ask devices what
- device special file should be used.
- Two pre-defined ioctls are used
- to disconnect and reconnect kernel drivers, so
- that user mode code can completely manage binding
- and configuration of devices.
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_RELEASEINTERFACE</term>
- <listitem><para>This is used to release the claim usbfs
- made on interface, either implicitly or because of a
- USBDEVFS_CLAIMINTERFACE call, before the file
- descriptor is closed.
- The ioctl parameter is an integer holding the number of
- the interface (bInterfaceNumber from descriptor);
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para><warning><para>
- <emphasis>No security check is made to ensure
- that the task which made the claim is the one
- which is releasing it.
- This means that user mode driver may interfere
- other ones. </emphasis>
- </para></warning></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_RESETEP</term>
- <listitem><para>Resets the data toggle value for an endpoint
- (bulk or interrupt) to DATA0.
- The ioctl parameter is an integer endpoint number
- (1 to 15, as identified in the endpoint descriptor),
- with USB_DIR_IN added if the device's endpoint sends
- data to the host.
- </para><warning><para>
- <emphasis>Avoid using this request.
- It should probably be removed.</emphasis>
- Using it typically means the device and driver will lose
- toggle synchronization. If you really lost synchronization,
- you likely need to completely handshake with the device,
- using a request like CLEAR_HALT
- or SET_INTERFACE.
- </para></warning></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="usbfs-sync">
- <title>Synchronous I/O Support</title>
-
- <para>Synchronous requests involve the kernel blocking
- until the user mode request completes, either by
- finishing successfully or by reporting an error.
- In most cases this is the simplest way to use usbfs,
- although as noted above it does prevent performing I/O
- to more than one endpoint at a time.
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_BULK</term>
- <listitem><para>Issues a bulk read or write request to the
- device.
- The ioctl parameter is a pointer to this structure:
-<programlisting>struct usbdevfs_bulktransfer {
- unsigned int ep;
- unsigned int len;
- unsigned int timeout; /* in milliseconds */
- void *data;
-};</programlisting>
- </para><para>The "ep" value identifies a
- bulk endpoint number (1 to 15, as identified in an endpoint
- descriptor),
- masked with USB_DIR_IN when referring to an endpoint which
- sends data to the host from the device.
- The length of the data buffer is identified by "len";
- Recent kernels support requests up to about 128KBytes.
- <emphasis>FIXME say how read length is returned,
- and how short reads are handled.</emphasis>.
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_CLEAR_HALT</term>
- <listitem><para>Clears endpoint halt (stall) and
- resets the endpoint toggle. This is only
- meaningful for bulk or interrupt endpoints.
- The ioctl parameter is an integer endpoint number
- (1 to 15, as identified in an endpoint descriptor),
- masked with USB_DIR_IN when referring to an endpoint which
- sends data to the host from the device.
- </para><para>
- Use this on bulk or interrupt endpoints which have
- stalled, returning <emphasis>-EPIPE</emphasis> status
- to a data transfer request.
- Do not issue the control request directly, since
- that could invalidate the host's record of the
- data toggle.
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_CONTROL</term>
- <listitem><para>Issues a control request to the device.
- The ioctl parameter points to a structure like this:
-<programlisting>struct usbdevfs_ctrltransfer {
- __u8 bRequestType;
- __u8 bRequest;
- __u16 wValue;
- __u16 wIndex;
- __u16 wLength;
- __u32 timeout; /* in milliseconds */
- void *data;
-};</programlisting>
- </para><para>
- The first eight bytes of this structure are the contents
- of the SETUP packet to be sent to the device; see the
- USB 2.0 specification for details.
- The bRequestType value is composed by combining a
- USB_TYPE_* value, a USB_DIR_* value, and a
- USB_RECIP_* value (from
- <emphasis>&lt;linux/usb.h&gt;</emphasis>).
- If wLength is nonzero, it describes the length of the data
- buffer, which is either written to the device
- (USB_DIR_OUT) or read from the device (USB_DIR_IN).
- </para><para>
- At this writing, you can't transfer more than 4 KBytes
- of data to or from a device; usbfs has a limit, and
- some host controller drivers have a limit.
- (That's not usually a problem.)
- <emphasis>Also</emphasis> there's no way to say it's
- not OK to get a short read back from the device.
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_RESET</term>
- <listitem><para>Does a USB level device reset.
- The ioctl parameter is ignored.
- After the reset, this rebinds all device interfaces.
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para><warning><para>
- <emphasis>Avoid using this call</emphasis>
- until some usbcore bugs get fixed,
- since it does not fully synchronize device, interface,
- and driver (not just usbfs) state.
- </para></warning></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_SETINTERFACE</term>
- <listitem><para>Sets the alternate setting for an
- interface. The ioctl parameter is a pointer to a
- structure like this:
-<programlisting>struct usbdevfs_setinterface {
- unsigned int interface;
- unsigned int altsetting;
-}; </programlisting>
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para><para>
- Those struct members are from some interface descriptor
- applying to the current configuration.
- The interface number is the bInterfaceNumber value, and
- the altsetting number is the bAlternateSetting value.
- (This resets each endpoint in the interface.)
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_SETCONFIGURATION</term>
- <listitem><para>Issues the
- <function>usb_set_configuration</function> call
- for the device.
- The parameter is an integer holding the number of
- a configuration (bConfigurationValue from descriptor).
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para><warning><para>
- <emphasis>Avoid using this call</emphasis>
- until some usbcore bugs get fixed,
- since it does not fully synchronize device, interface,
- and driver (not just usbfs) state.
- </para></warning></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="usbfs-async">
- <title>Asynchronous I/O Support</title>
-
- <para>As mentioned above, there are situations where it may be
- important to initiate concurrent operations from user mode code.
- This is particularly important for periodic transfers
- (interrupt and isochronous), but it can be used for other
- kinds of USB requests too.
- In such cases, the asynchronous requests described here
- are essential. Rather than submitting one request and having
- the kernel block until it completes, the blocking is separate.
- </para>
-
- <para>These requests are packaged into a structure that
- resembles the URB used by kernel device drivers.
- (No POSIX Async I/O support here, sorry.)
- It identifies the endpoint type (USBDEVFS_URB_TYPE_*),
- endpoint (number, masked with USB_DIR_IN as appropriate),
- buffer and length, and a user "context" value serving to
- uniquely identify each request.
- (It's usually a pointer to per-request data.)
- Flags can modify requests (not as many as supported for
- kernel drivers).
- </para>
-
- <para>Each request can specify a realtime signal number
- (between SIGRTMIN and SIGRTMAX, inclusive) to request a
- signal be sent when the request completes.
- </para>
-
- <para>When usbfs returns these urbs, the status value
- is updated, and the buffer may have been modified.
- Except for isochronous transfers, the actual_length is
- updated to say how many bytes were transferred; if the
- USBDEVFS_URB_DISABLE_SPD flag is set
- ("short packets are not OK"), if fewer bytes were read
- than were requested then you get an error report.
- </para>
-
-<programlisting>struct usbdevfs_iso_packet_desc {
- unsigned int length;
- unsigned int actual_length;
- unsigned int status;
-};
-
-struct usbdevfs_urb {
- unsigned char type;
- unsigned char endpoint;
- int status;
- unsigned int flags;
- void *buffer;
- int buffer_length;
- int actual_length;
- int start_frame;
- int number_of_packets;
- int error_count;
- unsigned int signr;
- void *usercontext;
- struct usbdevfs_iso_packet_desc iso_frame_desc[];
-};</programlisting>
-
- <para> For these asynchronous requests, the file modification
- time reflects when the request was initiated.
- This contrasts with their use with the synchronous requests,
- where it reflects when requests complete.
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_DISCARDURB</term>
- <listitem><para>
- <emphasis>TBS</emphasis>
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para><para>
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_DISCSIGNAL</term>
- <listitem><para>
- <emphasis>TBS</emphasis>
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para><para>
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_REAPURB</term>
- <listitem><para>
- <emphasis>TBS</emphasis>
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para><para>
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_REAPURBNDELAY</term>
- <listitem><para>
- <emphasis>TBS</emphasis>
- File modification time is not updated by this request.
- </para><para>
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>USBDEVFS_SUBMITURB</term>
- <listitem><para>
- <emphasis>TBS</emphasis>
- </para><para>
- </para></listitem></varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
- </sect2>
-
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
-<!-- vim:syntax=sgml:sw=4
--->
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/videobook.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/videobook.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 0bc25949b668..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/videobook.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1654 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="V4LGuide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Video4Linux Programming</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Alan</firstname>
- <surname>Cox</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>alan@redhat.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2000</year>
- <holder>Alan Cox</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- Parts of this document first appeared in Linux Magazine under a
- ninety day exclusivity.
- </para>
- <para>
- Video4Linux is intended to provide a common programming interface
- for the many TV and capture cards now on the market, as well as
- parallel port and USB video cameras. Radio, teletext decoders and
- vertical blanking data interfaces are also provided.
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="radio">
- <title>Radio Devices</title>
- <para>
- There are a wide variety of radio interfaces available for PC's, and these
- are generally very simple to program. The biggest problem with supporting
- such devices is normally extracting documentation from the vendor.
- </para>
- <para>
- The radio interface supports a simple set of control ioctls standardised
- across all radio and tv interfaces. It does not support read or write, which
- are used for video streams. The reason radio cards do not allow you to read
- the audio stream into an application is that without exception they provide
- a connection on to a soundcard. Soundcards can be used to read the radio
- data just fine.
- </para>
- <sect1 id="registerradio">
- <title>Registering Radio Devices</title>
- <para>
- The Video4linux core provides an interface for registering devices. The
- first step in writing our radio card driver is to register it.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static struct video_device my_radio
-{
- "My radio",
- VID_TYPE_TUNER,
- radio_open.
- radio_close,
- NULL, /* no read */
- NULL, /* no write */
- NULL, /* no poll */
- radio_ioctl,
- NULL, /* no special init function */
- NULL /* no private data */
-};
-
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- This declares our video4linux device driver interface. The VID_TYPE_ value
- defines what kind of an interface we are, and defines basic capabilities.
- </para>
- <para>
- The only defined value relevant for a radio card is VID_TYPE_TUNER which
- indicates that the device can be tuned. Clearly our radio is going to have some
- way to change channel so it is tuneable.
- </para>
- <para>
- We declare an open and close routine, but we do not need read or write,
- which are used to read and write video data to or from the card itself. As
- we have no read or write there is no poll function.
- </para>
- <para>
- The private initialise function is run when the device is registered. In
- this driver we've already done all the work needed. The final pointer is a
- private data pointer that can be used by the device driver to attach and
- retrieve private data structures. We set this field "priv" to NULL for
- the moment.
- </para>
- <para>
- Having the structure defined is all very well but we now need to register it
- with the kernel.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static int io = 0x320;
-
-int __init myradio_init(struct video_init *v)
-{
- if(!request_region(io, MY_IO_SIZE, "myradio"))
- {
- printk(KERN_ERR
- "myradio: port 0x%03X is in use.\n", io);
- return -EBUSY;
- }
-
- if(video_device_register(&amp;my_radio, VFL_TYPE_RADIO)==-1) {
- release_region(io, MY_IO_SIZE);
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The first stage of the initialisation, as is normally the case, is to check
- that the I/O space we are about to fiddle with doesn't belong to some other
- driver. If it is we leave well alone. If the user gives the address of the
- wrong device then we will spot this. These policies will generally avoid
- crashing the machine.
- </para>
- <para>
- Now we ask the Video4Linux layer to register the device for us. We hand it
- our carefully designed video_device structure and also tell it which group
- of devices we want it registered with. In this case VFL_TYPE_RADIO.
- </para>
- <para>
- The types available are
- </para>
- <table frame="all" id="Device_Types"><title>Device Types</title>
- <tgroup cols="3" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>VFL_TYPE_RADIO</entry><entry>/dev/radio{n}</entry><entry>
-
- Radio devices are assigned in this block. As with all of these
- selections the actual number assignment is done by the video layer
- accordijng to what is free.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VFL_TYPE_GRABBER</entry><entry>/dev/video{n}</entry><entry>
- Video capture devices and also -- counter-intuitively for the name --
- hardware video playback devices such as MPEG2 cards.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VFL_TYPE_VBI</entry><entry>/dev/vbi{n}</entry><entry>
- The VBI devices capture the hidden lines on a television picture
- that carry further information like closed caption data, teletext
- (primarily in Europe) and now Intercast and the ATVEC internet
- television encodings.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VFL_TYPE_VTX</entry><entry>/dev/vtx[n}</entry><entry>
- VTX is 'Videotext' also known as 'Teletext'. This is a system for
- sending numbered, 40x25, mostly textual page images over the hidden
- lines. Unlike the /dev/vbi interfaces, this is for 'smart' decoder
- chips. (The use of the word smart here has to be taken in context,
- the smartest teletext chips are fairly dumb pieces of technology).
- </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <para>
- We are most definitely a radio.
- </para>
- <para>
- Finally we allocate our I/O space so that nobody treads on us and return 0
- to signify general happiness with the state of the universe.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="openradio">
- <title>Opening And Closing The Radio</title>
-
- <para>
- The functions we declared in our video_device are mostly very simple.
- Firstly we can drop in what is basically standard code for open and close.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static int users = 0;
-
-static int radio_open(struct video_device *dev, int flags)
-{
- if(users)
- return -EBUSY;
- users++;
- return 0;
-}
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- At open time we need to do nothing but check if someone else is also using
- the radio card. If nobody is using it we make a note that we are using it,
- then we ensure that nobody unloads our driver on us.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static int radio_close(struct video_device *dev)
-{
- users--;
-}
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- At close time we simply need to reduce the user count and allow the module
- to become unloadable.
- </para>
- <para>
- If you are sharp you will have noticed neither the open nor the close
- routines attempt to reset or change the radio settings. This is intentional.
- It allows an application to set up the radio and exit. It avoids a user
- having to leave an application running all the time just to listen to the
- radio.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="ioctlradio">
- <title>The Ioctl Interface</title>
- <para>
- This leaves the ioctl routine, without which the driver will not be
- terribly useful to anyone.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static int radio_ioctl(struct video_device *dev, unsigned int cmd, void *arg)
-{
- switch(cmd)
- {
- case VIDIOCGCAP:
- {
- struct video_capability v;
- v.type = VID_TYPE_TUNER;
- v.channels = 1;
- v.audios = 1;
- v.maxwidth = 0;
- v.minwidth = 0;
- v.maxheight = 0;
- v.minheight = 0;
- strcpy(v.name, "My Radio");
- if(copy_to_user(arg, &amp;v, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- return 0;
- }
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- VIDIOCGCAP is the first ioctl all video4linux devices must support. It
- allows the applications to find out what sort of a card they have found and
- to figure out what they want to do about it. The fields in the structure are
- </para>
- <table frame="all" id="video_capability_fields"><title>struct video_capability fields</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>name</entry><entry>The device text name. This is intended for the user.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>channels</entry><entry>The number of different channels you can tune on
- this card. It could even by zero for a card that has
- no tuning capability. For our simple FM radio it is 1.
- An AM/FM radio would report 2.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>audios</entry><entry>The number of audio inputs on this device. For our
- radio there is only one audio input.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>minwidth,minheight</entry><entry>The smallest size the card is capable of capturing
- images in. We set these to zero. Radios do not
- capture pictures</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>maxwidth,maxheight</entry><entry>The largest image size the card is capable of
- capturing. For our radio we report 0.
- </entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>type</entry><entry>This reports the capabilities of the device, and
- matches the field we filled in in the struct
- video_device when registering.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <para>
- Having filled in the fields, we use copy_to_user to copy the structure into
- the users buffer. If the copy fails we return an EFAULT to the application
- so that it knows it tried to feed us garbage.
- </para>
- <para>
- The next pair of ioctl operations select which tuner is to be used and let
- the application find the tuner properties. We have only a single FM band
- tuner in our example device.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
- case VIDIOCGTUNER:
- {
- struct video_tuner v;
- if(copy_from_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v))!=0)
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v.tuner)
- return -EINVAL;
- v.rangelow=(87*16000);
- v.rangehigh=(108*16000);
- v.flags = VIDEO_TUNER_LOW;
- v.mode = VIDEO_MODE_AUTO;
- v.signal = 0xFFFF;
- strcpy(v.name, "FM");
- if(copy_to_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v))!=0)
- return -EFAULT;
- return 0;
- }
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The VIDIOCGTUNER ioctl allows applications to query a tuner. The application
- sets the tuner field to the tuner number it wishes to query. The query does
- not change the tuner that is being used, it merely enquires about the tuner
- in question.
- </para>
- <para>
- We have exactly one tuner so after copying the user buffer to our temporary
- structure we complain if they asked for a tuner other than tuner 0.
- </para>
- <para>
- The video_tuner structure has the following fields
- </para>
- <table frame="all" id="video_tuner_fields"><title>struct video_tuner fields</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>int tuner</entry><entry>The number of the tuner in question</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>char name[32]</entry><entry>A text description of this tuner. "FM" will do fine.
- This is intended for the application.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>u32 flags</entry>
- <entry>Tuner capability flags</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>u16 mode</entry><entry>The current reception mode</entry>
-
- </row><row>
- <entry>u16 signal</entry><entry>The signal strength scaled between 0 and 65535. If
- a device cannot tell the signal strength it should
- report 65535. Many simple cards contain only a
- signal/no signal bit. Such cards will report either
- 0 or 65535.</entry>
-
- </row><row>
- <entry>u32 rangelow, rangehigh</entry><entry>
- The range of frequencies supported by the radio
- or TV. It is scaled according to the VIDEO_TUNER_LOW
- flag.</entry>
-
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
-
- <table frame="all" id="video_tuner_flags"><title>struct video_tuner flags</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>VIDEO_TUNER_PAL</entry><entry>A PAL TV tuner</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_TUNER_NTSC</entry><entry>An NTSC (US) TV tuner</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_TUNER_SECAM</entry><entry>A SECAM (French) TV tuner</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_TUNER_LOW</entry><entry>
- The tuner frequency is scaled in 1/16th of a KHz
- steps. If not it is in 1/16th of a MHz steps
- </entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_TUNER_NORM</entry><entry>The tuner can set its format</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_TUNER_STEREO_ON</entry><entry>The tuner is currently receiving a stereo signal</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
-
- <table frame="all" id="video_tuner_modes"><title>struct video_tuner modes</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>VIDEO_MODE_PAL</entry><entry>PAL Format</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_MODE_NTSC</entry><entry>NTSC Format (USA)</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_MODE_SECAM</entry><entry>French Format</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_MODE_AUTO</entry><entry>A device that does not need to do
- TV format switching</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <para>
- The settings for the radio card are thus fairly simple. We report that we
- are a tuner called "FM" for FM radio. In order to get the best tuning
- resolution we report VIDEO_TUNER_LOW and select tuning to 1/16th of KHz. Its
- unlikely our card can do that resolution but it is a fair bet the card can
- do better than 1/16th of a MHz. VIDEO_TUNER_LOW is appropriate to almost all
- radio usage.
- </para>
- <para>
- We report that the tuner automatically handles deciding what format it is
- receiving - true enough as it only handles FM radio. Our example card is
- also incapable of detecting stereo or signal strengths so it reports a
- strength of 0xFFFF (maximum) and no stereo detected.
- </para>
- <para>
- To finish off we set the range that can be tuned to be 87-108Mhz, the normal
- FM broadcast radio range. It is important to find out what the card is
- actually capable of tuning. It is easy enough to simply use the FM broadcast
- range. Unfortunately if you do this you will discover the FM broadcast
- ranges in the USA, Europe and Japan are all subtly different and some users
- cannot receive all the stations they wish.
- </para>
- <para>
- The application also needs to be able to set the tuner it wishes to use. In
- our case, with a single tuner this is rather simple to arrange.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
- case VIDIOCSTUNER:
- {
- struct video_tuner v;
- if(copy_from_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v.tuner != 0)
- return -EINVAL;
- return 0;
- }
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- We copy the user supplied structure into kernel memory so we can examine it.
- If the user has selected a tuner other than zero we reject the request. If
- they wanted tuner 0 then, surprisingly enough, that is the current tuner already.
- </para>
- <para>
- The next two ioctls we need to provide are to get and set the frequency of
- the radio. These both use an unsigned long argument which is the frequency.
- The scale of the frequency depends on the VIDEO_TUNER_LOW flag as I
- mentioned earlier on. Since we have VIDEO_TUNER_LOW set this will be in
- 1/16ths of a KHz.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-static unsigned long current_freq;
-
-
-
- case VIDIOCGFREQ:
- if(copy_to_user(arg, &amp;current_freq,
- sizeof(unsigned long))
- return -EFAULT;
- return 0;
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- Querying the frequency in our case is relatively simple. Our radio card is
- too dumb to let us query the signal strength so we remember our setting if
- we know it. All we have to do is copy it to the user.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
- case VIDIOCSFREQ:
- {
- u32 freq;
- if(copy_from_user(arg, &amp;freq,
- sizeof(unsigned long))!=0)
- return -EFAULT;
- if(hardware_set_freq(freq)&lt;0)
- return -EINVAL;
- current_freq = freq;
- return 0;
- }
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- Setting the frequency is a little more complex. We begin by copying the
- desired frequency into kernel space. Next we call a hardware specific routine
- to set the radio up. This might be as simple as some scaling and a few
- writes to an I/O port. For most radio cards it turns out a good deal more
- complicated and may involve programming things like a phase locked loop on
- the card. This is what documentation is for.
- </para>
- <para>
- The final set of operations we need to provide for our radio are the
- volume controls. Not all radio cards can even do volume control. After all
- there is a perfectly good volume control on the sound card. We will assume
- our radio card has a simple 4 step volume control.
- </para>
- <para>
- There are two ioctls with audio we need to support
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-static int current_volume=0;
-
- case VIDIOCGAUDIO:
- {
- struct video_audio v;
- if(copy_from_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v.audio != 0)
- return -EINVAL;
- v.volume = 16384*current_volume;
- v.step = 16384;
- strcpy(v.name, "Radio");
- v.mode = VIDEO_SOUND_MONO;
- v.balance = 0;
- v.base = 0;
- v.treble = 0;
-
- if(copy_to_user(arg. &amp;v, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- return 0;
- }
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- Much like the tuner we start by copying the user structure into kernel
- space. Again we check if the user has asked for a valid audio input. We have
- only input 0 and we punt if they ask for another input.
- </para>
- <para>
- Then we fill in the video_audio structure. This has the following format
- </para>
- <table frame="all" id="video_audio_fields"><title>struct video_audio fields</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>audio</entry><entry>The input the user wishes to query</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>volume</entry><entry>The volume setting on a scale of 0-65535</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>base</entry><entry>The base level on a scale of 0-65535</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>treble</entry><entry>The treble level on a scale of 0-65535</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>flags</entry><entry>The features this audio device supports
- </entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>name</entry><entry>A text name to display to the user. We picked
- "Radio" as it explains things quite nicely.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>mode</entry><entry>The current reception mode for the audio
-
- We report MONO because our card is too stupid to know if it is in
- mono or stereo.
- </entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>balance</entry><entry>The stereo balance on a scale of 0-65535, 32768 is
- middle.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>step</entry><entry>The step by which the volume control jumps. This is
- used to help make it easy for applications to set
- slider behaviour.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
-
- <table frame="all" id="video_audio_flags"><title>struct video_audio flags</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>VIDEO_AUDIO_MUTE</entry><entry>The audio is currently muted. We
- could fake this in our driver but we
- choose not to bother.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_AUDIO_MUTABLE</entry><entry>The input has a mute option</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_AUDIO_TREBLE</entry><entry>The input has a treble control</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_AUDIO_BASS</entry><entry>The input has a base control</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
-
- <table frame="all" id="video_audio_modes"><title>struct video_audio modes</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>VIDEO_SOUND_MONO</entry><entry>Mono sound</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_SOUND_STEREO</entry><entry>Stereo sound</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_SOUND_LANG1</entry><entry>Alternative language 1 (TV specific)</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_SOUND_LANG2</entry><entry>Alternative language 2 (TV specific)</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <para>
- Having filled in the structure we copy it back to user space.
- </para>
- <para>
- The VIDIOCSAUDIO ioctl allows the user to set the audio parameters in the
- video_audio structure. The driver does its best to honour the request.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
- case VIDIOCSAUDIO:
- {
- struct video_audio v;
- if(copy_from_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v.audio)
- return -EINVAL;
- current_volume = v/16384;
- hardware_set_volume(current_volume);
- return 0;
- }
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- In our case there is very little that the user can set. The volume is
- basically the limit. Note that we could pretend to have a mute feature
- by rewriting this to
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
- case VIDIOCSAUDIO:
- {
- struct video_audio v;
- if(copy_from_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v.audio)
- return -EINVAL;
- current_volume = v/16384;
- if(v.flags&amp;VIDEO_AUDIO_MUTE)
- hardware_set_volume(0);
- else
- hardware_set_volume(current_volume);
- current_muted = v.flags &amp;
- VIDEO_AUDIO_MUTE;
- return 0;
- }
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- This with the corresponding changes to the VIDIOCGAUDIO code to report the
- state of the mute flag we save and to report the card has a mute function,
- will allow applications to use a mute facility with this card. It is
- questionable whether this is a good idea however. User applications can already
- fake this themselves and kernel space is precious.
- </para>
- <para>
- We now have a working radio ioctl handler. So we just wrap up the function
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
- }
- return -ENOIOCTLCMD;
-}
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- and pass the Video4Linux layer back an error so that it knows we did not
- understand the request we got passed.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="modradio">
- <title>Module Wrapper</title>
- <para>
- Finally we add in the usual module wrapping and the driver is done.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-#ifndef MODULE
-
-static int io = 0x300;
-
-#else
-
-static int io = -1;
-
-#endif
-
-MODULE_AUTHOR("Alan Cox");
-MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A driver for an imaginary radio card.");
-module_param(io, int, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(io, "I/O address of the card.");
-
-static int __init init(void)
-{
- if(io==-1)
- {
- printk(KERN_ERR
- "You must set an I/O address with io=0x???\n");
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- return myradio_init(NULL);
-}
-
-static void __exit cleanup(void)
-{
- video_unregister_device(&amp;my_radio);
- release_region(io, MY_IO_SIZE);
-}
-
-module_init(init);
-module_exit(cleanup);
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- In this example we set the IO base by default if the driver is compiled into
- the kernel: you can still set it using "my_radio.irq" if this file is called <filename>my_radio.c</filename>. For the module we require the
- user sets the parameter. We set io to a nonsense port (-1) so that we can
- tell if the user supplied an io parameter or not.
- </para>
- <para>
- We use MODULE_ defines to give an author for the card driver and a
- description. We also use them to declare that io is an integer and it is the
- address of the card, and can be read by anyone from sysfs.
- </para>
- <para>
- The clean-up routine unregisters the video_device we registered, and frees
- up the I/O space. Note that the unregister takes the actual video_device
- structure as its argument. Unlike the file operations structure which can be
- shared by all instances of a device a video_device structure as an actual
- instance of the device. If you are registering multiple radio devices you
- need to fill in one structure per device (most likely by setting up a
- template and copying it to each of the actual device structures).
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="Video_Capture_Devices">
- <title>Video Capture Devices</title>
- <sect1 id="introvid">
- <title>Video Capture Device Types</title>
- <para>
- The video capture devices share the same interfaces as radio devices. In
- order to explain the video capture interface I will use the example of a
- camera that has no tuners or audio input. This keeps the example relatively
- clean. To get both combine the two driver examples.
- </para>
- <para>
- Video capture devices divide into four categories. A little technology
- backgrounder. Full motion video even at television resolution (which is
- actually fairly low) is pretty resource-intensive. You are continually
- passing megabytes of data every second from the capture card to the display.
- several alternative approaches have emerged because copying this through the
- processor and the user program is a particularly bad idea .
- </para>
- <para>
- The first is to add the television image onto the video output directly.
- This is also how some 3D cards work. These basic cards can generally drop the
- video into any chosen rectangle of the display. Cards like this, which
- include most mpeg1 cards that used the feature connector, aren't very
- friendly in a windowing environment. They don't understand windows or
- clipping. The video window is always on the top of the display.
- </para>
- <para>
- Chroma keying is a technique used by cards to get around this. It is an old
- television mixing trick where you mark all the areas you wish to replace
- with a single clear colour that isn't used in the image - TV people use an
- incredibly bright blue while computing people often use a particularly
- virulent purple. Bright blue occurs on the desktop. Anyone with virulent
- purple windows has another problem besides their TV overlay.
- </para>
- <para>
- The third approach is to copy the data from the capture card to the video
- card, but to do it directly across the PCI bus. This relieves the processor
- from doing the work but does require some smartness on the part of the video
- capture chip, as well as a suitable video card. Programming this kind of
- card and more so debugging it can be extremely tricky. There are some quite
- complicated interactions with the display and you may also have to cope with
- various chipset bugs that show up when PCI cards start talking to each
- other.
- </para>
- <para>
- To keep our example fairly simple we will assume a card that supports
- overlaying a flat rectangular image onto the frame buffer output, and which
- can also capture stuff into processor memory.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="regvid">
- <title>Registering Video Capture Devices</title>
- <para>
- This time we need to add more functions for our camera device.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static struct video_device my_camera
-{
- "My Camera",
- VID_TYPE_OVERLAY|VID_TYPE_SCALES|\
- VID_TYPE_CAPTURE|VID_TYPE_CHROMAKEY,
- camera_open.
- camera_close,
- camera_read, /* no read */
- NULL, /* no write */
- camera_poll, /* no poll */
- camera_ioctl,
- NULL, /* no special init function */
- NULL /* no private data */
-};
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- We need a read() function which is used for capturing data from
- the card, and we need a poll function so that a driver can wait for the next
- frame to be captured.
- </para>
- <para>
- We use the extra video capability flags that did not apply to the
- radio interface. The video related flags are
- </para>
- <table frame="all" id="Capture_Capabilities"><title>Capture Capabilities</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
-<entry>VID_TYPE_CAPTURE</entry><entry>We support image capture</entry>
-</row><row>
-<entry>VID_TYPE_TELETEXT</entry><entry>A teletext capture device (vbi{n])</entry>
-</row><row>
-<entry>VID_TYPE_OVERLAY</entry><entry>The image can be directly overlaid onto the
- frame buffer</entry>
-</row><row>
-<entry>VID_TYPE_CHROMAKEY</entry><entry>Chromakey can be used to select which parts
- of the image to display</entry>
-</row><row>
-<entry>VID_TYPE_CLIPPING</entry><entry>It is possible to give the board a list of
- rectangles to draw around. </entry>
-</row><row>
-<entry>VID_TYPE_FRAMERAM</entry><entry>The video capture goes into the video memory
- and actually changes it. Applications need
- to know this so they can clean up after the
- card</entry>
-</row><row>
-<entry>VID_TYPE_SCALES</entry><entry>The image can be scaled to various sizes,
- rather than being a single fixed size.</entry>
-</row><row>
-<entry>VID_TYPE_MONOCHROME</entry><entry>The capture will be monochrome. This isn't a
- complete answer to the question since a mono
- camera on a colour capture card will still
- produce mono output.</entry>
-</row><row>
-<entry>VID_TYPE_SUBCAPTURE</entry><entry>The card allows only part of its field of
- view to be captured. This enables
- applications to avoid copying all of a large
- image into memory when only some section is
- relevant.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <para>
- We set VID_TYPE_CAPTURE so that we are seen as a capture card,
- VID_TYPE_CHROMAKEY so the application knows it is time to draw in virulent
- purple, and VID_TYPE_SCALES because we can be resized.
- </para>
- <para>
- Our setup is fairly similar. This time we also want an interrupt line
- for the 'frame captured' signal. Not all cards have this so some of them
- cannot handle poll().
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static int io = 0x320;
-static int irq = 11;
-
-int __init mycamera_init(struct video_init *v)
-{
- if(!request_region(io, MY_IO_SIZE, "mycamera"))
- {
- printk(KERN_ERR
- "mycamera: port 0x%03X is in use.\n", io);
- return -EBUSY;
- }
-
- if(video_device_register(&amp;my_camera,
- VFL_TYPE_GRABBER)==-1) {
- release_region(io, MY_IO_SIZE);
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- This is little changed from the needs of the radio card. We specify
- VFL_TYPE_GRABBER this time as we want to be allocated a /dev/video name.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="opvid">
- <title>Opening And Closing The Capture Device</title>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static int users = 0;
-
-static int camera_open(struct video_device *dev, int flags)
-{
- if(users)
- return -EBUSY;
- if(request_irq(irq, camera_irq, 0, "camera", dev)&lt;0)
- return -EBUSY;
- users++;
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-static int camera_close(struct video_device *dev)
-{
- users--;
- free_irq(irq, dev);
-}
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The open and close routines are also quite similar. The only real change is
- that we now request an interrupt for the camera device interrupt line. If we
- cannot get the interrupt we report EBUSY to the application and give up.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="irqvid">
- <title>Interrupt Handling</title>
- <para>
- Our example handler is for an ISA bus device. If it was PCI you would be
- able to share the interrupt and would have set IRQF_SHARED to indicate a
- shared IRQ. We pass the device pointer as the interrupt routine argument. We
- don't need to since we only support one card but doing this will make it
- easier to upgrade the driver for multiple devices in the future.
- </para>
- <para>
- Our interrupt routine needs to do little if we assume the card can simply
- queue one frame to be read after it captures it.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static struct wait_queue *capture_wait;
-static int capture_ready = 0;
-
-static void camera_irq(int irq, void *dev_id,
- struct pt_regs *regs)
-{
- capture_ready=1;
- wake_up_interruptible(&amp;capture_wait);
-}
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The interrupt handler is nice and simple for this card as we are assuming
- the card is buffering the frame for us. This means we have little to do but
- wake up anybody interested. We also set a capture_ready flag, as we may
- capture a frame before an application needs it. In this case we need to know
- that a frame is ready. If we had to collect the frame on the interrupt life
- would be more complex.
- </para>
- <para>
- The two new routines we need to supply are camera_read which returns a
- frame, and camera_poll which waits for a frame to become ready.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static int camera_poll(struct video_device *dev,
- struct file *file, struct poll_table *wait)
-{
- poll_wait(file, &amp;capture_wait, wait);
- if(capture_read)
- return POLLIN|POLLRDNORM;
- return 0;
-}
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- Our wait queue for polling is the capture_wait queue. This will cause the
- task to be woken up by our camera_irq routine. We check capture_read to see
- if there is an image present and if so report that it is readable.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="rdvid">
- <title>Reading The Video Image</title>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static long camera_read(struct video_device *dev, char *buf,
- unsigned long count)
-{
- struct wait_queue wait = { current, NULL };
- u8 *ptr;
- int len;
- int i;
-
- add_wait_queue(&amp;capture_wait, &amp;wait);
-
- while(!capture_ready)
- {
- if(file->flags&amp;O_NDELAY)
- {
- remove_wait_queue(&amp;capture_wait, &amp;wait);
- current->state = TASK_RUNNING;
- return -EWOULDBLOCK;
- }
- if(signal_pending(current))
- {
- remove_wait_queue(&amp;capture_wait, &amp;wait);
- current->state = TASK_RUNNING;
- return -ERESTARTSYS;
- }
- schedule();
- current->state = TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE;
- }
- remove_wait_queue(&amp;capture_wait, &amp;wait);
- current->state = TASK_RUNNING;
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The first thing we have to do is to ensure that the application waits until
- the next frame is ready. The code here is almost identical to the mouse code
- we used earlier in this chapter. It is one of the common building blocks of
- Linux device driver code and probably one which you will find occurs in any
- drivers you write.
- </para>
- <para>
- We wait for a frame to be ready, or for a signal to interrupt our waiting. If a
- signal occurs we need to return from the system call so that the signal can
- be sent to the application itself. We also check to see if the user actually
- wanted to avoid waiting - ie if they are using non-blocking I/O and have other things
- to get on with.
- </para>
- <para>
- Next we copy the data from the card to the user application. This is rarely
- as easy as our example makes out. We will add capture_w, and capture_h here
- to hold the width and height of the captured image. We assume the card only
- supports 24bit RGB for now.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-
- capture_ready = 0;
-
- ptr=(u8 *)buf;
- len = capture_w * 3 * capture_h; /* 24bit RGB */
-
- if(len>count)
- len=count; /* Doesn't all fit */
-
- for(i=0; i&lt;len; i++)
- {
- put_user(inb(io+IMAGE_DATA), ptr);
- ptr++;
- }
-
- hardware_restart_capture();
-
- return i;
-}
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- For a real hardware device you would try to avoid the loop with put_user().
- Each call to put_user() has a time overhead checking whether the accesses to user
- space are allowed. It would be better to read a line into a temporary buffer
- then copy this to user space in one go.
- </para>
- <para>
- Having captured the image and put it into user space we can kick the card to
- get the next frame acquired.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="iocvid">
- <title>Video Ioctl Handling</title>
- <para>
- As with the radio driver the major control interface is via the ioctl()
- function. Video capture devices support the same tuner calls as a radio
- device and also support additional calls to control how the video functions
- are handled. In this simple example the card has no tuners to avoid making
- the code complex.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-
-static int camera_ioctl(struct video_device *dev, unsigned int cmd, void *arg)
-{
- switch(cmd)
- {
- case VIDIOCGCAP:
- {
- struct video_capability v;
- v.type = VID_TYPE_CAPTURE|\
- VID_TYPE_CHROMAKEY|\
- VID_TYPE_SCALES|\
- VID_TYPE_OVERLAY;
- v.channels = 1;
- v.audios = 0;
- v.maxwidth = 640;
- v.minwidth = 16;
- v.maxheight = 480;
- v.minheight = 16;
- strcpy(v.name, "My Camera");
- if(copy_to_user(arg, &amp;v, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- return 0;
- }
-
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The first ioctl we must support and which all video capture and radio
- devices are required to support is VIDIOCGCAP. This behaves exactly the same
- as with a radio device. This time, however, we report the extra capabilities
- we outlined earlier on when defining our video_dev structure.
- </para>
- <para>
- We now set the video flags saying that we support overlay, capture,
- scaling and chromakey. We also report size limits - our smallest image is
- 16x16 pixels, our largest is 640x480.
- </para>
- <para>
- To keep things simple we report no audio and no tuning capabilities at all.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
- case VIDIOCGCHAN:
- {
- struct video_channel v;
- if(copy_from_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v.channel != 0)
- return -EINVAL;
- v.flags = 0;
- v.tuners = 0;
- v.type = VIDEO_TYPE_CAMERA;
- v.norm = VIDEO_MODE_AUTO;
- strcpy(v.name, "Camera Input");break;
- if(copy_to_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- return 0;
- }
-
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- This follows what is very much the standard way an ioctl handler looks
- in Linux. We copy the data into a kernel space variable and we check that the
- request is valid (in this case that the input is 0). Finally we copy the
- camera info back to the user.
- </para>
- <para>
- The VIDIOCGCHAN ioctl allows a user to ask about video channels (that is
- inputs to the video card). Our example card has a single camera input. The
- fields in the structure are
- </para>
- <table frame="all" id="video_channel_fields"><title>struct video_channel fields</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
-
- <entry>channel</entry><entry>The channel number we are selecting</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>name</entry><entry>The name for this channel. This is intended
- to describe the port to the user.
- Appropriate names are therefore things like
- "Camera" "SCART input"</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>flags</entry><entry>Channel properties</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>type</entry><entry>Input type</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>norm</entry><entry>The current television encoding being used
- if relevant for this channel.
- </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <table frame="all" id="video_channel_flags"><title>struct video_channel flags</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>VIDEO_VC_TUNER</entry><entry>Channel has a tuner.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_VC_AUDIO</entry><entry>Channel has audio.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <table frame="all" id="video_channel_types"><title>struct video_channel types</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>VIDEO_TYPE_TV</entry><entry>Television input.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_TYPE_CAMERA</entry><entry>Fixed camera input.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>0</entry><entry>Type is unknown.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <table frame="all" id="video_channel_norms"><title>struct video_channel norms</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>VIDEO_MODE_PAL</entry><entry>PAL encoded Television</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_MODE_NTSC</entry><entry>NTSC (US) encoded Television</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_MODE_SECAM</entry><entry>SECAM (French) Television </entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>VIDEO_MODE_AUTO</entry><entry>Automatic switching, or format does not
- matter</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <para>
- The corresponding VIDIOCSCHAN ioctl allows a user to change channel and to
- request the norm is changed - for example to switch between a PAL or an NTSC
- format camera.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
- case VIDIOCSCHAN:
- {
- struct video_channel v;
- if(copy_from_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v.channel != 0)
- return -EINVAL;
- if(v.norm != VIDEO_MODE_AUTO)
- return -EINVAL;
- return 0;
- }
-
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The implementation of this call in our driver is remarkably easy. Because we
- are assuming fixed format hardware we need only check that the user has not
- tried to change anything.
- </para>
- <para>
- The user also needs to be able to configure and adjust the picture they are
- seeing. This is much like adjusting a television set. A user application
- also needs to know the palette being used so that it knows how to display
- the image that has been captured. The VIDIOCGPICT and VIDIOCSPICT ioctl
- calls provide this information.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
- case VIDIOCGPICT
- {
- struct video_picture v;
- v.brightness = hardware_brightness();
- v.hue = hardware_hue();
- v.colour = hardware_saturation();
- v.contrast = hardware_brightness();
- /* Not settable */
- v.whiteness = 32768;
- v.depth = 24; /* 24bit */
- v.palette = VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB24;
- if(copy_to_user(&amp;v, arg,
- sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- return 0;
- }
-
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The brightness, hue, color, and contrast provide the picture controls that
- are akin to a conventional television. Whiteness provides additional
- control for greyscale images. All of these values are scaled between 0-65535
- and have 32768 as the mid point setting. The scaling means that applications
- do not have to worry about the capability range of the hardware but can let
- it make a best effort attempt.
- </para>
- <para>
- Our depth is 24, as this is in bits. We will be returning RGB24 format. This
- has one byte of red, then one of green, then one of blue. This then repeats
- for every other pixel in the image. The other common formats the interface
- defines are
- </para>
- <table frame="all" id="Framebuffer_Encodings"><title>Framebuffer Encodings</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>GREY</entry><entry>Linear greyscale. This is for simple cameras and the
- like</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>RGB565</entry><entry>The top 5 bits hold 32 red levels, the next six bits
- hold green and the low 5 bits hold blue. </entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>RGB555</entry><entry>The top bit is clear. The red green and blue levels
- each occupy five bits.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <para>
- Additional modes are support for YUV capture formats. These are common for
- TV and video conferencing applications.
- </para>
- <para>
- The VIDIOCSPICT ioctl allows a user to set some of the picture parameters.
- Exactly which ones are supported depends heavily on the card itself. It is
- possible to support many modes and effects in software. In general doing
- this in the kernel is a bad idea. Video capture is a performance-sensitive
- application and the programs can often do better if they aren't being
- 'helped' by an overkeen driver writer. Thus for our device we will report
- RGB24 only and refuse to allow a change.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
- case VIDIOCSPICT:
- {
- struct video_picture v;
- if(copy_from_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v.depth!=24 ||
- v.palette != VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB24)
- return -EINVAL;
- set_hardware_brightness(v.brightness);
- set_hardware_hue(v.hue);
- set_hardware_saturation(v.colour);
- set_hardware_brightness(v.contrast);
- return 0;
- }
-
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- We check the user has not tried to change the palette or the depth. We do
- not want to carry out some of the changes and then return an error. This may
- confuse the application which will be assuming no change occurred.
- </para>
- <para>
- In much the same way as you need to be able to set the picture controls to
- get the right capture images, many cards need to know what they are
- displaying onto when generating overlay output. In some cases getting this
- wrong even makes a nasty mess or may crash the computer. For that reason
- the VIDIOCSBUF ioctl used to set up the frame buffer information may well
- only be usable by root.
- </para>
- <para>
- We will assume our card is one of the old ISA devices with feature connector
- and only supports a couple of standard video modes. Very common for older
- cards although the PCI devices are way smarter than this.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
-static struct video_buffer capture_fb;
-
- case VIDIOCGFBUF:
- {
- if(copy_to_user(arg, &amp;capture_fb,
- sizeof(capture_fb)))
- return -EFAULT;
- return 0;
-
- }
-
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- We keep the frame buffer information in the format the ioctl uses. This
- makes it nice and easy to work with in the ioctl calls.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
- case VIDIOCSFBUF:
- {
- struct video_buffer v;
-
- if(!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
- return -EPERM;
-
- if(copy_from_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v.width!=320 &amp;&amp; v.width!=640)
- return -EINVAL;
- if(v.height!=200 &amp;&amp; v.height!=240
- &amp;&amp; v.height!=400
- &amp;&amp; v.height !=480)
- return -EINVAL;
- memcpy(&amp;capture_fb, &amp;v, sizeof(v));
- hardware_set_fb(&amp;v);
- return 0;
- }
-
-
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The capable() function checks a user has the required capability. The Linux
- operating system has a set of about 30 capabilities indicating privileged
- access to services. The default set up gives the superuser (uid 0) all of
- them and nobody else has any.
- </para>
- <para>
- We check that the user has the SYS_ADMIN capability, that is they are
- allowed to operate as the machine administrator. We don't want anyone but
- the administrator making a mess of the display.
- </para>
- <para>
- Next we check for standard PC video modes (320 or 640 wide with either
- EGA or VGA depths). If the mode is not a standard video mode we reject it as
- not supported by our card. If the mode is acceptable we save it so that
- VIDIOCFBUF will give the right answer next time it is called. The
- hardware_set_fb() function is some undescribed card specific function to
- program the card for the desired mode.
- </para>
- <para>
- Before the driver can display an overlay window it needs to know where the
- window should be placed, and also how large it should be. If the card
- supports clipping it needs to know which rectangles to omit from the
- display. The video_window structure is used to describe the way the image
- should be displayed.
- </para>
- <table frame="all" id="video_window_fields"><title>struct video_window fields</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>width</entry><entry>The width in pixels of the desired image. The card
- may use a smaller size if this size is not available</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>height</entry><entry>The height of the image. The card may use a smaller
- size if this size is not available.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>x</entry><entry> The X position of the top left of the window. This
- is in pixels relative to the left hand edge of the
- picture. Not all cards can display images aligned on
- any pixel boundary. If the position is unsuitable
- the card adjusts the image right and reduces the
- width.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>y</entry><entry> The Y position of the top left of the window. This
- is counted in pixels relative to the top edge of the
- picture. As with the width if the card cannot
- display starting on this line it will adjust the
- values.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>chromakey</entry><entry>The colour (expressed in RGB32 format) for the
- chromakey colour if chroma keying is being used. </entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>clips</entry><entry>An array of rectangles that must not be drawn
- over.</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>clipcount</entry><entry>The number of clips in this array.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <para>
- Each clip is a struct video_clip which has the following fields
- </para>
- <table frame="all" id="video_clip_fields"><title>video_clip fields</title>
- <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>x, y</entry><entry>Co-ordinates relative to the display</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>width, height</entry><entry>Width and height in pixels</entry>
- </row><row>
- <entry>next</entry><entry>A spare field for the application to use</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <para>
- The driver is required to ensure it always draws in the area requested or a smaller area, and that it never draws in any of the areas that are clipped.
- This may well mean it has to leave alone. small areas the application wished to be
- drawn.
- </para>
- <para>
- Our example card uses chromakey so does not have to address most of the
- clipping. We will add a video_window structure to our global variables to
- remember our parameters, as we did with the frame buffer.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
- case VIDIOCGWIN:
- {
- if(copy_to_user(arg, &amp;capture_win,
- sizeof(capture_win)))
- return -EFAULT;
- return 0;
- }
-
-
- case VIDIOCSWIN:
- {
- struct video_window v;
- if(copy_from_user(&amp;v, arg, sizeof(v)))
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v.width &gt; 640 || v.height &gt; 480)
- return -EINVAL;
- if(v.width &lt; 16 || v.height &lt; 16)
- return -EINVAL;
- hardware_set_key(v.chromakey);
- hardware_set_window(v);
- memcpy(&amp;capture_win, &amp;v, sizeof(v));
- capture_w = v.width;
- capture_h = v.height;
- return 0;
- }
-
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- Because we are using Chromakey our setup is fairly simple. Mostly we have to
- check the values are sane and load them into the capture card.
- </para>
- <para>
- With all the setup done we can now turn on the actual capture/overlay. This
- is done with the VIDIOCCAPTURE ioctl. This takes a single integer argument
- where 0 is on and 1 is off.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
- case VIDIOCCAPTURE:
- {
- int v;
- if(get_user(v, (int *)arg))
- return -EFAULT;
- if(v==0)
- hardware_capture_off();
- else
- {
- if(capture_fb.width == 0
- || capture_w == 0)
- return -EINVAL;
- hardware_capture_on();
- }
- return 0;
- }
-
-
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- We grab the flag from user space and either enable or disable according to
- its value. There is one small corner case we have to consider here. Suppose
- that the capture was requested before the video window or the frame buffer
- had been set up. In those cases there will be unconfigured fields in our
- card data, as well as unconfigured hardware settings. We check for this case and
- return an error if the frame buffer or the capture window width is zero.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-
-
- default:
- return -ENOIOCTLCMD;
- }
-}
- </programlisting>
- <para>
-
- We don't need to support any other ioctls, so if we get this far, it is time
- to tell the video layer that we don't now what the user is talking about.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="endvid">
- <title>Other Functionality</title>
- <para>
- The Video4Linux layer supports additional features, including a high
- performance mmap() based capture mode and capturing part of the image.
- These features are out of the scope of the book. You should however have enough
- example code to implement most simple video4linux devices for radio and TV
- cards.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="bugs">
- <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
- <para>
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry><term>Multiple Opens</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The driver assumes multiple opens should not be allowed. A driver
- can work around this but not cleanly.
- </para>
- </listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>API Deficiencies</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The existing API poorly reflects compression capable devices. There
- are plans afoot to merge V4L, V4L2 and some other ideas into a
- better interface.
- </para>
- </listitem></varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
-
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="pubfunctions">
- <title>Public Functions Provided</title>
-!Edrivers/media/video/v4l2-dev.c
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/wanbook.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/wanbook.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index 9eebcc304de4..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/wanbook.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="WANGuide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Synchronous PPP and Cisco HDLC Programming Guide</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Alan</firstname>
- <surname>Cox</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>alan@redhat.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2000</year>
- <holder>Alan Cox</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- The syncppp drivers in Linux provide a fairly complete
- implementation of Cisco HDLC and a minimal implementation of
- PPP. The longer term goal is to switch the PPP layer to the
- generic PPP interface that is new in Linux 2.3.x. The API should
- remain unchanged when this is done, but support will then be
- available for IPX, compression and other PPP features
- </para>
- </chapter>
- <chapter id="bugs">
- <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
- <para>
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry><term>PPP is minimal</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The current PPP implementation is very basic, although sufficient
- for most wan usages.
- </para>
- </listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>Cisco HDLC Quirks</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Currently we do not end all packets with the correct Cisco multicast
- or unicast flags. Nothing appears to mind too much but this should
- be corrected.
- </para>
- </listitem></varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
-
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="pubfunctions">
- <title>Public Functions Provided</title>
-!Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index eeff19ca831b..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,412 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="USBDeviceDriver">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Writing USB Device Drivers</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Greg</firstname>
- <surname>Kroah-Hartman</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>greg@kroah.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2001-2002</year>
- <holder>Greg Kroah-Hartman</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This documentation is based on an article published in
- Linux Journal Magazine, October 2001, Issue 90.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- The Linux USB subsystem has grown from supporting only two different
- types of devices in the 2.2.7 kernel (mice and keyboards), to over 20
- different types of devices in the 2.4 kernel. Linux currently supports
- almost all USB class devices (standard types of devices like keyboards,
- mice, modems, printers and speakers) and an ever-growing number of
- vendor-specific devices (such as USB to serial converters, digital
- cameras, Ethernet devices and MP3 players). For a full list of the
- different USB devices currently supported, see Resources.
- </para>
- <para>
- The remaining kinds of USB devices that do not have support on Linux are
- almost all vendor-specific devices. Each vendor decides to implement a
- custom protocol to talk to their device, so a custom driver usually needs
- to be created. Some vendors are open with their USB protocols and help
- with the creation of Linux drivers, while others do not publish them, and
- developers are forced to reverse-engineer. See Resources for some links
- to handy reverse-engineering tools.
- </para>
- <para>
- Because each different protocol causes a new driver to be created, I have
- written a generic USB driver skeleton, modeled after the pci-skeleton.c
- file in the kernel source tree upon which many PCI network drivers have
- been based. This USB skeleton can be found at drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c
- in the kernel source tree. In this article I will walk through the basics
- of the skeleton driver, explaining the different pieces and what needs to
- be done to customize it to your specific device.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="basics">
- <title>Linux USB Basics</title>
- <para>
- If you are going to write a Linux USB driver, please become familiar with
- the USB protocol specification. It can be found, along with many other
- useful documents, at the USB home page (see Resources). An excellent
- introduction to the Linux USB subsystem can be found at the USB Working
- Devices List (see Resources). It explains how the Linux USB subsystem is
- structured and introduces the reader to the concept of USB urbs
- (USB Request Blocks), which are essential to USB drivers.
- </para>
- <para>
- The first thing a Linux USB driver needs to do is register itself with
- the Linux USB subsystem, giving it some information about which devices
- the driver supports and which functions to call when a device supported
- by the driver is inserted or removed from the system. All of this
- information is passed to the USB subsystem in the usb_driver structure.
- The skeleton driver declares a usb_driver as:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static struct usb_driver skel_driver = {
- .name = "skeleton",
- .probe = skel_probe,
- .disconnect = skel_disconnect,
- .fops = &amp;skel_fops,
- .minor = USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE,
- .id_table = skel_table,
-};
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The variable name is a string that describes the driver. It is used in
- informational messages printed to the system log. The probe and
- disconnect function pointers are called when a device that matches the
- information provided in the id_table variable is either seen or removed.
- </para>
- <para>
- The fops and minor variables are optional. Most USB drivers hook into
- another kernel subsystem, such as the SCSI, network or TTY subsystem.
- These types of drivers register themselves with the other kernel
- subsystem, and any user-space interactions are provided through that
- interface. But for drivers that do not have a matching kernel subsystem,
- such as MP3 players or scanners, a method of interacting with user space
- is needed. The USB subsystem provides a way to register a minor device
- number and a set of file_operations function pointers that enable this
- user-space interaction. The skeleton driver needs this kind of interface,
- so it provides a minor starting number and a pointer to its
- file_operations functions.
- </para>
- <para>
- The USB driver is then registered with a call to usb_register, usually in
- the driver's init function, as shown here:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static int __init usb_skel_init(void)
-{
- int result;
-
- /* register this driver with the USB subsystem */
- result = usb_register(&amp;skel_driver);
- if (result &lt; 0) {
- err(&quot;usb_register failed for the &quot;__FILE__ &quot;driver.&quot;
- &quot;Error number %d&quot;, result);
- return -1;
- }
-
- return 0;
-}
-module_init(usb_skel_init);
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- When the driver is unloaded from the system, it needs to deregister
- itself with the USB subsystem. This is done with the usb_deregister
- function:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static void __exit usb_skel_exit(void)
-{
- /* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
- usb_deregister(&amp;skel_driver);
-}
-module_exit(usb_skel_exit);
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- To enable the linux-hotplug system to load the driver automatically when
- the device is plugged in, you need to create a MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE. The
- following code tells the hotplug scripts that this module supports a
- single device with a specific vendor and product ID:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-/* table of devices that work with this driver */
-static struct usb_device_id skel_table [] = {
- { USB_DEVICE(USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID, USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID) },
- { } /* Terminating entry */
-};
-MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (usb, skel_table);
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- There are other macros that can be used in describing a usb_device_id for
- drivers that support a whole class of USB drivers. See usb.h for more
- information on this.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="device">
- <title>Device operation</title>
- <para>
- When a device is plugged into the USB bus that matches the device ID
- pattern that your driver registered with the USB core, the probe function
- is called. The usb_device structure, interface number and the interface ID
- are passed to the function:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface,
- const struct usb_device_id *id)
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The driver now needs to verify that this device is actually one that it
- can accept. If so, it returns 0.
- If not, or if any error occurs during initialization, an errorcode
- (such as <literal>-ENOMEM</literal> or <literal>-ENODEV</literal>)
- is returned from the probe function.
- </para>
- <para>
- In the skeleton driver, we determine what end points are marked as bulk-in
- and bulk-out. We create buffers to hold the data that will be sent and
- received from the device, and a USB urb to write data to the device is
- initialized.
- </para>
- <para>
- Conversely, when the device is removed from the USB bus, the disconnect
- function is called with the device pointer. The driver needs to clean any
- private data that has been allocated at this time and to shut down any
- pending urbs that are in the USB system.
- </para>
- <para>
- Now that the device is plugged into the system and the driver is bound to
- the device, any of the functions in the file_operations structure that
- were passed to the USB subsystem will be called from a user program trying
- to talk to the device. The first function called will be open, as the
- program tries to open the device for I/O. We increment our private usage
- count and save a pointer to our internal structure in the file
- structure. This is done so that future calls to file operations will
- enable the driver to determine which device the user is addressing. All
- of this is done with the following code:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-/* increment our usage count for the module */
-++skel->open_count;
-
-/* save our object in the file's private structure */
-file->private_data = dev;
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- After the open function is called, the read and write functions are called
- to receive and send data to the device. In the skel_write function, we
- receive a pointer to some data that the user wants to send to the device
- and the size of the data. The function determines how much data it can
- send to the device based on the size of the write urb it has created (this
- size depends on the size of the bulk out end point that the device has).
- Then it copies the data from user space to kernel space, points the urb to
- the data and submits the urb to the USB subsystem. This can be seen in
- the following code:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-/* we can only write as much as 1 urb will hold */
-bytes_written = (count > skel->bulk_out_size) ? skel->bulk_out_size : count;
-
-/* copy the data from user space into our urb */
-copy_from_user(skel->write_urb->transfer_buffer, buffer, bytes_written);
-
-/* set up our urb */
-usb_fill_bulk_urb(skel->write_urb,
- skel->dev,
- usb_sndbulkpipe(skel->dev, skel->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
- skel->write_urb->transfer_buffer,
- bytes_written,
- skel_write_bulk_callback,
- skel);
-
-/* send the data out the bulk port */
-result = usb_submit_urb(skel->write_urb);
-if (result) {
- err(&quot;Failed submitting write urb, error %d&quot;, result);
-}
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- When the write urb is filled up with the proper information using the
- usb_fill_bulk_urb function, we point the urb's completion callback to call our
- own skel_write_bulk_callback function. This function is called when the
- urb is finished by the USB subsystem. The callback function is called in
- interrupt context, so caution must be taken not to do very much processing
- at that time. Our implementation of skel_write_bulk_callback merely
- reports if the urb was completed successfully or not and then returns.
- </para>
- <para>
- The read function works a bit differently from the write function in that
- we do not use an urb to transfer data from the device to the driver.
- Instead we call the usb_bulk_msg function, which can be used to send or
- receive data from a device without having to create urbs and handle
- urb completion callback functions. We call the usb_bulk_msg function,
- giving it a buffer into which to place any data received from the device
- and a timeout value. If the timeout period expires without receiving any
- data from the device, the function will fail and return an error message.
- This can be shown with the following code:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-/* do an immediate bulk read to get data from the device */
-retval = usb_bulk_msg (skel->dev,
- usb_rcvbulkpipe (skel->dev,
- skel->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
- skel->bulk_in_buffer,
- skel->bulk_in_size,
- &amp;count, HZ*10);
-/* if the read was successful, copy the data to user space */
-if (!retval) {
- if (copy_to_user (buffer, skel->bulk_in_buffer, count))
- retval = -EFAULT;
- else
- retval = count;
-}
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- The usb_bulk_msg function can be very useful for doing single reads or
- writes to a device; however, if you need to read or write constantly to a
- device, it is recommended to set up your own urbs and submit them to the
- USB subsystem.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the user program releases the file handle that it has been using to
- talk to the device, the release function in the driver is called. In this
- function we decrement our private usage count and wait for possible
- pending writes:
- </para>
- <programlisting>
-/* decrement our usage count for the device */
---skel->open_count;
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- One of the more difficult problems that USB drivers must be able to handle
- smoothly is the fact that the USB device may be removed from the system at
- any point in time, even if a program is currently talking to it. It needs
- to be able to shut down any current reads and writes and notify the
- user-space programs that the device is no longer there. The following
- code (function <function>skel_delete</function>)
- is an example of how to do this: </para>
- <programlisting>
-static inline void skel_delete (struct usb_skel *dev)
-{
- kfree (dev->bulk_in_buffer);
- if (dev->bulk_out_buffer != NULL)
- usb_buffer_free (dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_size,
- dev->bulk_out_buffer,
- dev->write_urb->transfer_dma);
- usb_free_urb (dev->write_urb);
- kfree (dev);
-}
- </programlisting>
- <para>
- If a program currently has an open handle to the device, we reset the flag
- <literal>device_present</literal>. For
- every read, write, release and other functions that expect a device to be
- present, the driver first checks this flag to see if the device is
- still present. If not, it releases that the device has disappeared, and a
- -ENODEV error is returned to the user-space program. When the release
- function is eventually called, it determines if there is no device
- and if not, it does the cleanup that the skel_disconnect
- function normally does if there are no open files on the device (see
- Listing 5).
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="iso">
- <title>Isochronous Data</title>
- <para>
- This usb-skeleton driver does not have any examples of interrupt or
- isochronous data being sent to or from the device. Interrupt data is sent
- almost exactly as bulk data is, with a few minor exceptions. Isochronous
- data works differently with continuous streams of data being sent to or
- from the device. The audio and video camera drivers are very good examples
- of drivers that handle isochronous data and will be useful if you also
- need to do this.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="Conclusion">
- <title>Conclusion</title>
- <para>
- Writing Linux USB device drivers is not a difficult task as the
- usb-skeleton driver shows. This driver, combined with the other current
- USB drivers, should provide enough examples to help a beginning author
- create a working driver in a minimal amount of time. The linux-usb-devel
- mailing list archives also contain a lot of helpful information.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="resources">
- <title>Resources</title>
- <para>
- The Linux USB Project: <ulink url="http://www.linux-usb.org">http://www.linux-usb.org/</ulink>
- </para>
- <para>
- Linux Hotplug Project: <ulink url="http://linux-hotplug.sourceforge.net">http://linux-hotplug.sourceforge.net/</ulink>
- </para>
- <para>
- Linux USB Working Devices List: <ulink url="http://www.qbik.ch/usb/devices">http://www.qbik.ch/usb/devices/</ulink>
- </para>
- <para>
- linux-usb-devel Mailing List Archives: <ulink url="http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-usb-devel">http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-usb-devel</ulink>
- </para>
- <para>
- Programming Guide for Linux USB Device Drivers: <ulink url="http://usb.cs.tum.edu/usbdoc">http://usb.cs.tum.edu/usbdoc</ulink>
- </para>
- <para>
- USB Home Page: <ulink url="http://www.usb.org">http://www.usb.org</ulink>
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/z8530book.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/z8530book.tmpl
deleted file mode 100644
index a42a8a4c7689..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/z8530book.tmpl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,371 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="Z85230Guide">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Z8530 Programming Guide</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Alan</firstname>
- <surname>Cox</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>alan@redhat.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2000</year>
- <holder>Alan Cox</holder>
- </copyright>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
- <para>
- The Z85x30 family synchronous/asynchronous controller chips are
- used on a large number of cheap network interface cards. The
- kernel provides a core interface layer that is designed to make
- it easy to provide WAN services using this chip.
- </para>
- <para>
- The current driver only support synchronous operation. Merging the
- asynchronous driver support into this code to allow any Z85x30
- device to be used as both a tty interface and as a synchronous
- controller is a project for Linux post the 2.4 release
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="Driver_Modes">
- <title>Driver Modes</title>
- <para>
- The Z85230 driver layer can drive Z8530, Z85C30 and Z85230 devices
- in three different modes. Each mode can be applied to an individual
- channel on the chip (each chip has two channels).
- </para>
- <para>
- The PIO synchronous mode supports the most common Z8530 wiring. Here
- the chip is interface to the I/O and interrupt facilities of the
- host machine but not to the DMA subsystem. When running PIO the
- Z8530 has extremely tight timing requirements. Doing high speeds,
- even with a Z85230 will be tricky. Typically you should expect to
- achieve at best 9600 baud with a Z8C530 and 64Kbits with a Z85230.
- </para>
- <para>
- The DMA mode supports the chip when it is configured to use dual DMA
- channels on an ISA bus. The better cards tend to support this mode
- of operation for a single channel. With DMA running the Z85230 tops
- out when it starts to hit ISA DMA constraints at about 512Kbits. It
- is worth noting here that many PC machines hang or crash when the
- chip is driven fast enough to hold the ISA bus solid.
- </para>
- <para>
- Transmit DMA mode uses a single DMA channel. The DMA channel is used
- for transmission as the transmit FIFO is smaller than the receive
- FIFO. it gives better performance than pure PIO mode but is nowhere
- near as ideal as pure DMA mode.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="Using_the_Z85230_driver">
- <title>Using the Z85230 driver</title>
- <para>
- The Z85230 driver provides the back end interface to your board. To
- configure a Z8530 interface you need to detect the board and to
- identify its ports and interrupt resources. It is also your problem
- to verify the resources are available.
- </para>
- <para>
- Having identified the chip you need to fill in a struct z8530_dev,
- which describes each chip. This object must exist until you finally
- shutdown the board. Firstly zero the active field. This ensures
- nothing goes off without you intending it. The irq field should
- be set to the interrupt number of the chip. (Each chip has a single
- interrupt source rather than each channel). You are responsible
- for allocating the interrupt line. The interrupt handler should be
- set to <function>z8530_interrupt</function>. The device id should
- be set to the z8530_dev structure pointer. Whether the interrupt can
- be shared or not is board dependent, and up to you to initialise.
- </para>
- <para>
- The structure holds two channel structures.
- Initialise chanA.ctrlio and chanA.dataio with the address of the
- control and data ports. You can or this with Z8530_PORT_SLEEP to
- indicate your interface needs the 5uS delay for chip settling done
- in software. The PORT_SLEEP option is architecture specific. Other
- flags may become available on future platforms, eg for MMIO.
- Initialise the chanA.irqs to &amp;z8530_nop to start the chip up
- as disabled and discarding interrupt events. This ensures that
- stray interrupts will be mopped up and not hang the bus. Set
- chanA.dev to point to the device structure itself. The
- private and name field you may use as you wish. The private field
- is unused by the Z85230 layer. The name is used for error reporting
- and it may thus make sense to make it match the network name.
- </para>
- <para>
- Repeat the same operation with the B channel if your chip has
- both channels wired to something useful. This isn't always the
- case. If it is not wired then the I/O values do not matter, but
- you must initialise chanB.dev.
- </para>
- <para>
- If your board has DMA facilities then initialise the txdma and
- rxdma fields for the relevant channels. You must also allocate the
- ISA DMA channels and do any necessary board level initialisation
- to configure them. The low level driver will do the Z8530 and
- DMA controller programming but not board specific magic.
- </para>
- <para>
- Having initialised the device you can then call
- <function>z8530_init</function>. This will probe the chip and
- reset it into a known state. An identification sequence is then
- run to identify the chip type. If the checks fail to pass the
- function returns a non zero error code. Typically this indicates
- that the port given is not valid. After this call the
- type field of the z8530_dev structure is initialised to either
- Z8530, Z85C30 or Z85230 according to the chip found.
- </para>
- <para>
- Once you have called z8530_init you can also make use of the utility
- function <function>z8530_describe</function>. This provides a
- consistent reporting format for the Z8530 devices, and allows all
- the drivers to provide consistent reporting.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="Attaching_Network_Interfaces">
- <title>Attaching Network Interfaces</title>
- <para>
- If you wish to use the network interface facilities of the driver,
- then you need to attach a network device to each channel that is
- present and in use. In addition to use the generic HDLC
- you need to follow some additional plumbing rules. They may seem
- complex but a look at the example hostess_sv11 driver should
- reassure you.
- </para>
- <para>
- The network device used for each channel should be pointed to by
- the netdevice field of each channel. The hdlc-&gt; priv field of the
- network device points to your private data - you will need to be
- able to find your private data from this.
- </para>
- <para>
- The way most drivers approach this particular problem is to
- create a structure holding the Z8530 device definition and
- put that into the private field of the network device. The
- network device fields of the channels then point back to the
- network devices.
- </para>
- <para>
- If you wish to use the generic HDLC then you need to register
- the HDLC device.
- </para>
- <para>
- Before you register your network device you will also need to
- provide suitable handlers for most of the network device callbacks.
- See the network device documentation for more details on this.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="Configuring_And_Activating_The_Port">
- <title>Configuring And Activating The Port</title>
- <para>
- The Z85230 driver provides helper functions and tables to load the
- port registers on the Z8530 chips. When programming the register
- settings for a channel be aware that the documentation recommends
- initialisation orders. Strange things happen when these are not
- followed.
- </para>
- <para>
- <function>z8530_channel_load</function> takes an array of
- pairs of initialisation values in an array of u8 type. The first
- value is the Z8530 register number. Add 16 to indicate the alternate
- register bank on the later chips. The array is terminated by a 255.
- </para>
- <para>
- The driver provides a pair of public tables. The
- z8530_hdlc_kilostream table is for the UK 'Kilostream' service and
- also happens to cover most other end host configurations. The
- z8530_hdlc_kilostream_85230 table is the same configuration using
- the enhancements of the 85230 chip. The configuration loaded is
- standard NRZ encoded synchronous data with HDLC bitstuffing. All
- of the timing is taken from the other end of the link.
- </para>
- <para>
- When writing your own tables be aware that the driver internally
- tracks register values. It may need to reload values. You should
- therefore be sure to set registers 1-7, 9-11, 14 and 15 in all
- configurations. Where the register settings depend on DMA selection
- the driver will update the bits itself when you open or close.
- Loading a new table with the interface open is not recommended.
- </para>
- <para>
- There are three standard configurations supported by the core
- code. In PIO mode the interface is programmed up to use
- interrupt driven PIO. This places high demands on the host processor
- to avoid latency. The driver is written to take account of latency
- issues but it cannot avoid latencies caused by other drivers,
- notably IDE in PIO mode. Because the drivers allocate buffers you
- must also prevent MTU changes while the port is open.
- </para>
- <para>
- Once the port is open it will call the rx_function of each channel
- whenever a completed packet arrived. This is invoked from
- interrupt context and passes you the channel and a network
- buffer (struct sk_buff) holding the data. The data includes
- the CRC bytes so most users will want to trim the last two
- bytes before processing the data. This function is very timing
- critical. When you wish to simply discard data the support
- code provides the function <function>z8530_null_rx</function>
- to discard the data.
- </para>
- <para>
- To active PIO mode sending and receiving the <function>
- z8530_sync_open</function> is called. This expects to be passed
- the network device and the channel. Typically this is called from
- your network device open callback. On a failure a non zero error
- status is returned. The <function>z8530_sync_close</function>
- function shuts down a PIO channel. This must be done before the
- channel is opened again and before the driver shuts down
- and unloads.
- </para>
- <para>
- The ideal mode of operation is dual channel DMA mode. Here the
- kernel driver will configure the board for DMA in both directions.
- The driver also handles ISA DMA issues such as controller
- programming and the memory range limit for you. This mode is
- activated by calling the <function>z8530_sync_dma_open</function>
- function. On failure a non zero error value is returned.
- Once this mode is activated it can be shut down by calling the
- <function>z8530_sync_dma_close</function>. You must call the close
- function matching the open mode you used.
- </para>
- <para>
- The final supported mode uses a single DMA channel to drive the
- transmit side. As the Z85C30 has a larger FIFO on the receive
- channel this tends to increase the maximum speed a little.
- This is activated by calling the <function>z8530_sync_txdma_open
- </function>. This returns a non zero error code on failure. The
- <function>z8530_sync_txdma_close</function> function closes down
- the Z8530 interface from this mode.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="Network_Layer_Functions">
- <title>Network Layer Functions</title>
- <para>
- The Z8530 layer provides functions to queue packets for
- transmission. The driver internally buffers the frame currently
- being transmitted and one further frame (in order to keep back
- to back transmission running). Any further buffering is up to
- the caller.
- </para>
- <para>
- The function <function>z8530_queue_xmit</function> takes a network
- buffer in sk_buff format and queues it for transmission. The
- caller must provide the entire packet with the exception of the
- bitstuffing and CRC. This is normally done by the caller via
- the generic HDLC interface layer. It returns 0 if the buffer has been
- queued and non zero values for queue full. If the function accepts
- the buffer it becomes property of the Z8530 layer and the caller
- should not free it.
- </para>
- <para>
- The function <function>z8530_get_stats</function> returns a pointer
- to an internally maintained per interface statistics block. This
- provides most of the interface code needed to implement the network
- layer get_stats callback.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="Porting_The_Z8530_Driver">
- <title>Porting The Z8530 Driver</title>
- <para>
- The Z8530 driver is written to be portable. In DMA mode it makes
- assumptions about the use of ISA DMA. These are probably warranted
- in most cases as the Z85230 in particular was designed to glue to PC
- type machines. The PIO mode makes no real assumptions.
- </para>
- <para>
- Should you need to retarget the Z8530 driver to another architecture
- the only code that should need changing are the port I/O functions.
- At the moment these assume PC I/O port accesses. This may not be
- appropriate for all platforms. Replacing
- <function>z8530_read_port</function> and <function>z8530_write_port
- </function> is intended to be all that is required to port this
- driver layer.
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="bugs">
- <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
- <para>
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry><term>Interrupt Locking</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The locking in the driver is done via the global cli/sti lock. This
- makes for relatively poor SMP performance. Switching this to use a
- per device spin lock would probably materially improve performance.
- </para>
- </listitem></varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term>Occasional Failures</term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- We have reports of occasional failures when run for very long
- periods of time and the driver starts to receive junk frames. At
- the moment the cause of this is not clear.
- </para>
- </listitem></varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
-
- </para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="pubfunctions">
- <title>Public Functions Provided</title>
-!Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="intfunctions">
- <title>Internal Functions</title>
-!Idrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
diff --git a/Documentation/HOWTO b/Documentation/HOWTO
deleted file mode 100644
index c2371c5a98f9..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/HOWTO
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,650 +0,0 @@
-HOWTO do Linux kernel development
----------------------------------
-
-This is the be-all, end-all document on this topic. It contains
-instructions on how to become a Linux kernel developer and how to learn
-to work with the Linux kernel development community. It tries to not
-contain anything related to the technical aspects of kernel programming,
-but will help point you in the right direction for that.
-
-If anything in this document becomes out of date, please send in patches
-to the maintainer of this file, who is listed at the bottom of the
-document.
-
-
-Introduction
-------------
-
-So, you want to learn how to become a Linux kernel developer? Or you
-have been told by your manager, "Go write a Linux driver for this
-device." This document's goal is to teach you everything you need to
-know to achieve this by describing the process you need to go through,
-and hints on how to work with the community. It will also try to
-explain some of the reasons why the community works like it does.
-
-The kernel is written mostly in C, with some architecture-dependent
-parts written in assembly. A good understanding of C is required for
-kernel development. Assembly (any architecture) is not required unless
-you plan to do low-level development for that architecture. Though they
-are not a good substitute for a solid C education and/or years of
-experience, the following books are good for, if anything, reference:
- - "The C Programming Language" by Kernighan and Ritchie [Prentice Hall]
- - "Practical C Programming" by Steve Oualline [O'Reilly]
- - "C: A Reference Manual" by Harbison and Steele [Prentice Hall]
-
-The kernel is written using GNU C and the GNU toolchain. While it
-adheres to the ISO C89 standard, it uses a number of extensions that are
-not featured in the standard. The kernel is a freestanding C
-environment, with no reliance on the standard C library, so some
-portions of the C standard are not supported. Arbitrary long long
-divisions and floating point are not allowed. It can sometimes be
-difficult to understand the assumptions the kernel has on the toolchain
-and the extensions that it uses, and unfortunately there is no
-definitive reference for them. Please check the gcc info pages (`info
-gcc`) for some information on them.
-
-Please remember that you are trying to learn how to work with the
-existing development community. It is a diverse group of people, with
-high standards for coding, style and procedure. These standards have
-been created over time based on what they have found to work best for
-such a large and geographically dispersed team. Try to learn as much as
-possible about these standards ahead of time, as they are well
-documented; do not expect people to adapt to you or your company's way
-of doing things.
-
-
-Legal Issues
-------------
-
-The Linux kernel source code is released under the GPL. Please see the
-file, COPYING, in the main directory of the source tree, for details on
-the license. If you have further questions about the license, please
-contact a lawyer, and do not ask on the Linux kernel mailing list. The
-people on the mailing lists are not lawyers, and you should not rely on
-their statements on legal matters.
-
-For common questions and answers about the GPL, please see:
- http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html
-
-
-Documentation
-------------
-
-The Linux kernel source tree has a large range of documents that are
-invaluable for learning how to interact with the kernel community. When
-new features are added to the kernel, it is recommended that new
-documentation files are also added which explain how to use the feature.
-When a kernel change causes the interface that the kernel exposes to
-userspace to change, it is recommended that you send the information or
-a patch to the manual pages explaining the change to the manual pages
-maintainer at mtk.manpages@gmail.com.
-
-Here is a list of files that are in the kernel source tree that are
-required reading:
- README
- This file gives a short background on the Linux kernel and describes
- what is necessary to do to configure and build the kernel. People
- who are new to the kernel should start here.
-
- Documentation/Changes
- This file gives a list of the minimum levels of various software
- packages that are necessary to build and run the kernel
- successfully.
-
- Documentation/CodingStyle
- This describes the Linux kernel coding style, and some of the
- rationale behind it. All new code is expected to follow the
- guidelines in this document. Most maintainers will only accept
- patches if these rules are followed, and many people will only
- review code if it is in the proper style.
-
- Documentation/SubmittingPatches
- Documentation/SubmittingDrivers
- These files describe in explicit detail how to successfully create
- and send a patch, including (but not limited to):
- - Email contents
- - Email format
- - Who to send it to
- Following these rules will not guarantee success (as all patches are
- subject to scrutiny for content and style), but not following them
- will almost always prevent it.
-
- Other excellent descriptions of how to create patches properly are:
- "The Perfect Patch"
- http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt
- "Linux kernel patch submission format"
- http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html
-
- Documentation/stable_api_nonsense.txt
- This file describes the rationale behind the conscious decision to
- not have a stable API within the kernel, including things like:
- - Subsystem shim-layers (for compatibility?)
- - Driver portability between Operating Systems.
- - Mitigating rapid change within the kernel source tree (or
- preventing rapid change)
- This document is crucial for understanding the Linux development
- philosophy and is very important for people moving to Linux from
- development on other Operating Systems.
-
- Documentation/SecurityBugs
- If you feel you have found a security problem in the Linux kernel,
- please follow the steps in this document to help notify the kernel
- developers, and help solve the issue.
-
- Documentation/ManagementStyle
- This document describes how Linux kernel maintainers operate and the
- shared ethos behind their methodologies. This is important reading
- for anyone new to kernel development (or anyone simply curious about
- it), as it resolves a lot of common misconceptions and confusion
- about the unique behavior of kernel maintainers.
-
- Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt
- This file describes the rules on how the stable kernel releases
- happen, and what to do if you want to get a change into one of these
- releases.
-
- Documentation/kernel-docs.txt
- A list of external documentation that pertains to kernel
- development. Please consult this list if you do not find what you
- are looking for within the in-kernel documentation.
-
- Documentation/applying-patches.txt
- A good introduction describing exactly what a patch is and how to
- apply it to the different development branches of the kernel.
-
-The kernel also has a large number of documents that can be
-automatically generated from the source code itself. This includes a
-full description of the in-kernel API, and rules on how to handle
-locking properly. The documents will be created in the
-Documentation/DocBook/ directory and can be generated as PDF,
-Postscript, HTML, and man pages by running:
- make pdfdocs
- make psdocs
- make htmldocs
- make mandocs
-respectively from the main kernel source directory.
-
-
-Becoming A Kernel Developer
----------------------------
-
-If you do not know anything about Linux kernel development, you should
-look at the Linux KernelNewbies project:
- http://kernelnewbies.org
-It consists of a helpful mailing list where you can ask almost any type
-of basic kernel development question (make sure to search the archives
-first, before asking something that has already been answered in the
-past.) It also has an IRC channel that you can use to ask questions in
-real-time, and a lot of helpful documentation that is useful for
-learning about Linux kernel development.
-
-The website has basic information about code organization, subsystems,
-and current projects (both in-tree and out-of-tree). It also describes
-some basic logistical information, like how to compile a kernel and
-apply a patch.
-
-If you do not know where you want to start, but you want to look for
-some task to start doing to join into the kernel development community,
-go to the Linux Kernel Janitor's project:
- http://janitor.kernelnewbies.org/
-It is a great place to start. It describes a list of relatively simple
-problems that need to be cleaned up and fixed within the Linux kernel
-source tree. Working with the developers in charge of this project, you
-will learn the basics of getting your patch into the Linux kernel tree,
-and possibly be pointed in the direction of what to go work on next, if
-you do not already have an idea.
-
-If you already have a chunk of code that you want to put into the kernel
-tree, but need some help getting it in the proper form, the
-kernel-mentors project was created to help you out with this. It is a
-mailing list, and can be found at:
- http://selenic.com/mailman/listinfo/kernel-mentors
-
-Before making any actual modifications to the Linux kernel code, it is
-imperative to understand how the code in question works. For this
-purpose, nothing is better than reading through it directly (most tricky
-bits are commented well), perhaps even with the help of specialized
-tools. One such tool that is particularly recommended is the Linux
-Cross-Reference project, which is able to present source code in a
-self-referential, indexed webpage format. An excellent up-to-date
-repository of the kernel code may be found at:
- http://users.sosdg.org/~qiyong/lxr/
-
-
-The development process
------------------------
-
-Linux kernel development process currently consists of a few different
-main kernel "branches" and lots of different subsystem-specific kernel
-branches. These different branches are:
- - main 2.6.x kernel tree
- - 2.6.x.y -stable kernel tree
- - 2.6.x -git kernel patches
- - 2.6.x -mm kernel patches
- - subsystem specific kernel trees and patches
-
-2.6.x kernel tree
------------------
-2.6.x kernels are maintained by Linus Torvalds, and can be found on
-kernel.org in the pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/ directory. Its development
-process is as follows:
- - As soon as a new kernel is released a two weeks window is open,
- during this period of time maintainers can submit big diffs to
- Linus, usually the patches that have already been included in the
- -mm kernel for a few weeks. The preferred way to submit big changes
- is using git (the kernel's source management tool, more information
- can be found at http://git.or.cz/) but plain patches are also just
- fine.
- - After two weeks a -rc1 kernel is released it is now possible to push
- only patches that do not include new features that could affect the
- stability of the whole kernel. Please note that a whole new driver
- (or filesystem) might be accepted after -rc1 because there is no
- risk of causing regressions with such a change as long as the change
- is self-contained and does not affect areas outside of the code that
- is being added. git can be used to send patches to Linus after -rc1
- is released, but the patches need to also be sent to a public
- mailing list for review.
- - A new -rc is released whenever Linus deems the current git tree to
- be in a reasonably sane state adequate for testing. The goal is to
- release a new -rc kernel every week.
- - Process continues until the kernel is considered "ready", the
- process should last around 6 weeks.
- - Known regressions in each release are periodically posted to the
- linux-kernel mailing list. The goal is to reduce the length of
- that list to zero before declaring the kernel to be "ready," but, in
- the real world, a small number of regressions often remain at
- release time.
-
-It is worth mentioning what Andrew Morton wrote on the linux-kernel
-mailing list about kernel releases:
- "Nobody knows when a kernel will be released, because it's
- released according to perceived bug status, not according to a
- preconceived timeline."
-
-2.6.x.y -stable kernel tree
----------------------------
-Kernels with 4-part versions are -stable kernels. They contain
-relatively small and critical fixes for security problems or significant
-regressions discovered in a given 2.6.x kernel.
-
-This is the recommended branch for users who want the most recent stable
-kernel and are not interested in helping test development/experimental
-versions.
-
-If no 2.6.x.y kernel is available, then the highest numbered 2.6.x
-kernel is the current stable kernel.
-
-2.6.x.y are maintained by the "stable" team <stable@kernel.org>, and are
-released as needs dictate. The normal release period is approximately
-two weeks, but it can be longer if there are no pressing problems. A
-security-related problem, instead, can cause a release to happen almost
-instantly.
-
-The file Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt in the kernel tree
-documents what kinds of changes are acceptable for the -stable tree, and
-how the release process works.
-
-2.6.x -git patches
-------------------
-These are daily snapshots of Linus' kernel tree which are managed in a
-git repository (hence the name.) These patches are usually released
-daily and represent the current state of Linus' tree. They are more
-experimental than -rc kernels since they are generated automatically
-without even a cursory glance to see if they are sane.
-
-2.6.x -mm kernel patches
-------------------------
-These are experimental kernel patches released by Andrew Morton. Andrew
-takes all of the different subsystem kernel trees and patches and mushes
-them together, along with a lot of patches that have been plucked from
-the linux-kernel mailing list. This tree serves as a proving ground for
-new features and patches. Once a patch has proved its worth in -mm for
-a while Andrew or the subsystem maintainer pushes it on to Linus for
-inclusion in mainline.
-
-It is heavily encouraged that all new patches get tested in the -mm tree
-before they are sent to Linus for inclusion in the main kernel tree. Code
-which does not make an appearance in -mm before the opening of the merge
-window will prove hard to merge into the mainline.
-
-These kernels are not appropriate for use on systems that are supposed
-to be stable and they are more risky to run than any of the other
-branches.
-
-If you wish to help out with the kernel development process, please test
-and use these kernel releases and provide feedback to the linux-kernel
-mailing list if you have any problems, and if everything works properly.
-
-In addition to all the other experimental patches, these kernels usually
-also contain any changes in the mainline -git kernels available at the
-time of release.
-
-The -mm kernels are not released on a fixed schedule, but usually a few
--mm kernels are released in between each -rc kernel (1 to 3 is common).
-
-Subsystem Specific kernel trees and patches
--------------------------------------------
-A number of the different kernel subsystem developers expose their
-development trees so that others can see what is happening in the
-different areas of the kernel. These trees are pulled into the -mm
-kernel releases as described above.
-
-Here is a list of some of the different kernel trees available:
- git trees:
- - Kbuild development tree, Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
- git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild.git
-
- - ACPI development tree, Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
- git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux-acpi-2.6.git
-
- - Block development tree, Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
- git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/linux-2.6-block.git
-
- - DRM development tree, Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
- git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/airlied/drm-2.6.git
-
- - ia64 development tree, Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
- git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6.git
-
- - infiniband, Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
- git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/roland/infiniband.git
-
- - libata, Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
- git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jgarzik/libata-dev.git
-
- - network drivers, Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
- git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jgarzik/netdev-2.6.git
-
- - pcmcia, Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
- git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brodo/pcmcia-2.6.git
-
- - SCSI, James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@hansenpartnership.com>
- git.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi-misc-2.6.git
-
- - x86, Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
- git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/x86/linux-2.6-x86.git
-
- quilt trees:
- - USB, Driver Core, and I2C, Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
- kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/gregkh/gregkh-2.6/
-
- Other kernel trees can be found listed at http://git.kernel.org/ and in
- the MAINTAINERS file.
-
-Bug Reporting
--------------
-
-bugzilla.kernel.org is where the Linux kernel developers track kernel
-bugs. Users are encouraged to report all bugs that they find in this
-tool. For details on how to use the kernel bugzilla, please see:
- http://bugzilla.kernel.org/page.cgi?id=faq.html
-
-The file REPORTING-BUGS in the main kernel source directory has a good
-template for how to report a possible kernel bug, and details what kind
-of information is needed by the kernel developers to help track down the
-problem.
-
-
-Managing bug reports
---------------------
-
-One of the best ways to put into practice your hacking skills is by fixing
-bugs reported by other people. Not only you will help to make the kernel
-more stable, you'll learn to fix real world problems and you will improve
-your skills, and other developers will be aware of your presence. Fixing
-bugs is one of the best ways to get merits among other developers, because
-not many people like wasting time fixing other people's bugs.
-
-To work in the already reported bug reports, go to http://bugzilla.kernel.org.
-If you want to be advised of the future bug reports, you can subscribe to the
-bugme-new mailing list (only new bug reports are mailed here) or to the
-bugme-janitor mailing list (every change in the bugzilla is mailed here)
-
- http://lists.linux-foundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bugme-new
- http://lists.linux-foundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bugme-janitors
-
-
-
-Mailing lists
--------------
-
-As some of the above documents describe, the majority of the core kernel
-developers participate on the Linux Kernel Mailing list. Details on how
-to subscribe and unsubscribe from the list can be found at:
- http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#linux-kernel
-There are archives of the mailing list on the web in many different
-places. Use a search engine to find these archives. For example:
- http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel
-It is highly recommended that you search the archives about the topic
-you want to bring up, before you post it to the list. A lot of things
-already discussed in detail are only recorded at the mailing list
-archives.
-
-Most of the individual kernel subsystems also have their own separate
-mailing list where they do their development efforts. See the
-MAINTAINERS file for a list of what these lists are for the different
-groups.
-
-Many of the lists are hosted on kernel.org. Information on them can be
-found at:
- http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
-
-Please remember to follow good behavioral habits when using the lists.
-Though a bit cheesy, the following URL has some simple guidelines for
-interacting with the list (or any list):
- http://www.albion.com/netiquette/
-
-If multiple people respond to your mail, the CC: list of recipients may
-get pretty large. Don't remove anybody from the CC: list without a good
-reason, or don't reply only to the list address. Get used to receiving the
-mail twice, one from the sender and the one from the list, and don't try
-to tune that by adding fancy mail-headers, people will not like it.
-
-Remember to keep the context and the attribution of your replies intact,
-keep the "John Kernelhacker wrote ...:" lines at the top of your reply, and
-add your statements between the individual quoted sections instead of
-writing at the top of the mail.
-
-If you add patches to your mail, make sure they are plain readable text
-as stated in Documentation/SubmittingPatches. Kernel developers don't
-want to deal with attachments or compressed patches; they may want
-to comment on individual lines of your patch, which works only that way.
-Make sure you use a mail program that does not mangle spaces and tab
-characters. A good first test is to send the mail to yourself and try
-to apply your own patch by yourself. If that doesn't work, get your
-mail program fixed or change it until it works.
-
-Above all, please remember to show respect to other subscribers.
-
-
-Working with the community
---------------------------
-
-The goal of the kernel community is to provide the best possible kernel
-there is. When you submit a patch for acceptance, it will be reviewed
-on its technical merits and those alone. So, what should you be
-expecting?
- - criticism
- - comments
- - requests for change
- - requests for justification
- - silence
-
-Remember, this is part of getting your patch into the kernel. You have
-to be able to take criticism and comments about your patches, evaluate
-them at a technical level and either rework your patches or provide
-clear and concise reasoning as to why those changes should not be made.
-If there are no responses to your posting, wait a few days and try
-again, sometimes things get lost in the huge volume.
-
-What should you not do?
- - expect your patch to be accepted without question
- - become defensive
- - ignore comments
- - resubmit the patch without making any of the requested changes
-
-In a community that is looking for the best technical solution possible,
-there will always be differing opinions on how beneficial a patch is.
-You have to be cooperative, and willing to adapt your idea to fit within
-the kernel. Or at least be willing to prove your idea is worth it.
-Remember, being wrong is acceptable as long as you are willing to work
-toward a solution that is right.
-
-It is normal that the answers to your first patch might simply be a list
-of a dozen things you should correct. This does _not_ imply that your
-patch will not be accepted, and it is _not_ meant against you
-personally. Simply correct all issues raised against your patch and
-resend it.
-
-
-Differences between the kernel community and corporate structures
------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-The kernel community works differently than most traditional corporate
-development environments. Here are a list of things that you can try to
-do to try to avoid problems:
- Good things to say regarding your proposed changes:
- - "This solves multiple problems."
- - "This deletes 2000 lines of code."
- - "Here is a patch that explains what I am trying to describe."
- - "I tested it on 5 different architectures..."
- - "Here is a series of small patches that..."
- - "This increases performance on typical machines..."
-
- Bad things you should avoid saying:
- - "We did it this way in AIX/ptx/Solaris, so therefore it must be
- good..."
- - "I've being doing this for 20 years, so..."
- - "This is required for my company to make money"
- - "This is for our Enterprise product line."
- - "Here is my 1000 page design document that describes my idea"
- - "I've been working on this for 6 months..."
- - "Here's a 5000 line patch that..."
- - "I rewrote all of the current mess, and here it is..."
- - "I have a deadline, and this patch needs to be applied now."
-
-Another way the kernel community is different than most traditional
-software engineering work environments is the faceless nature of
-interaction. One benefit of using email and irc as the primary forms of
-communication is the lack of discrimination based on gender or race.
-The Linux kernel work environment is accepting of women and minorities
-because all you are is an email address. The international aspect also
-helps to level the playing field because you can't guess gender based on
-a person's name. A man may be named Andrea and a woman may be named Pat.
-Most women who have worked in the Linux kernel and have expressed an
-opinion have had positive experiences.
-
-The language barrier can cause problems for some people who are not
-comfortable with English. A good grasp of the language can be needed in
-order to get ideas across properly on mailing lists, so it is
-recommended that you check your emails to make sure they make sense in
-English before sending them.
-
-
-Break up your changes
----------------------
-
-The Linux kernel community does not gladly accept large chunks of code
-dropped on it all at once. The changes need to be properly introduced,
-discussed, and broken up into tiny, individual portions. This is almost
-the exact opposite of what companies are used to doing. Your proposal
-should also be introduced very early in the development process, so that
-you can receive feedback on what you are doing. It also lets the
-community feel that you are working with them, and not simply using them
-as a dumping ground for your feature. However, don't send 50 emails at
-one time to a mailing list, your patch series should be smaller than
-that almost all of the time.
-
-The reasons for breaking things up are the following:
-
-1) Small patches increase the likelihood that your patches will be
- applied, since they don't take much time or effort to verify for
- correctness. A 5 line patch can be applied by a maintainer with
- barely a second glance. However, a 500 line patch may take hours to
- review for correctness (the time it takes is exponentially
- proportional to the size of the patch, or something).
-
- Small patches also make it very easy to debug when something goes
- wrong. It's much easier to back out patches one by one than it is
- to dissect a very large patch after it's been applied (and broken
- something).
-
-2) It's important not only to send small patches, but also to rewrite
- and simplify (or simply re-order) patches before submitting them.
-
-Here is an analogy from kernel developer Al Viro:
- "Think of a teacher grading homework from a math student. The
- teacher does not want to see the student's trials and errors
- before they came up with the solution. They want to see the
- cleanest, most elegant answer. A good student knows this, and
- would never submit her intermediate work before the final
- solution."
-
- The same is true of kernel development. The maintainers and
- reviewers do not want to see the thought process behind the
- solution to the problem one is solving. They want to see a
- simple and elegant solution."
-
-It may be challenging to keep the balance between presenting an elegant
-solution and working together with the community and discussing your
-unfinished work. Therefore it is good to get early in the process to
-get feedback to improve your work, but also keep your changes in small
-chunks that they may get already accepted, even when your whole task is
-not ready for inclusion now.
-
-Also realize that it is not acceptable to send patches for inclusion
-that are unfinished and will be "fixed up later."
-
-
-Justify your change
--------------------
-
-Along with breaking up your patches, it is very important for you to let
-the Linux community know why they should add this change. New features
-must be justified as being needed and useful.
-
-
-Document your change
---------------------
-
-When sending in your patches, pay special attention to what you say in
-the text in your email. This information will become the ChangeLog
-information for the patch, and will be preserved for everyone to see for
-all time. It should describe the patch completely, containing:
- - why the change is necessary
- - the overall design approach in the patch
- - implementation details
- - testing results
-
-For more details on what this should all look like, please see the
-ChangeLog section of the document:
- "The Perfect Patch"
- http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt
-
-
-
-
-All of these things are sometimes very hard to do. It can take years to
-perfect these practices (if at all). It's a continuous process of
-improvement that requires a lot of patience and determination. But
-don't give up, it's possible. Many have done it before, and each had to
-start exactly where you are now.
-
-
-
-
-----------
-Thanks to Paolo Ciarrocchi who allowed the "Development Process"
-(http://linux.tar.bz/articles/2.6-development_process) section
-to be based on text he had written, and to Randy Dunlap and Gerrit
-Huizenga for some of the list of things you should and should not say.
-Also thanks to Pat Mochel, Hanna Linder, Randy Dunlap, Kay Sievers,
-Vojtech Pavlik, Jan Kara, Josh Boyer, Kees Cook, Andrew Morton, Andi
-Kleen, Vadim Lobanov, Jesper Juhl, Adrian Bunk, Keri Harris, Frans Pop,
-David A. Wheeler, Junio Hamano, Michael Kerrisk, and Alex Shepard for
-their review, comments, and contributions. Without their help, this
-document would not have been possible.
-
-
-
-Maintainer: Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
diff --git a/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt b/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 86edb61bdee6..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
-[ NOTE: The virt_to_bus() and bus_to_virt() functions have been
- superseded by the functionality provided by the PCI DMA
- interface (see Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt). They continue
- to be documented below for historical purposes, but new code
- must not use them. --davidm 00/12/12 ]
-
-[ This is a mail message in response to a query on IO mapping, thus the
- strange format for a "document" ]
-
-The AHA-1542 is a bus-master device, and your patch makes the driver give the
-controller the physical address of the buffers, which is correct on x86
-(because all bus master devices see the physical memory mappings directly).
-
-However, on many setups, there are actually _three_ different ways of looking
-at memory addresses, and in this case we actually want the third, the
-so-called "bus address".
-
-Essentially, the three ways of addressing memory are (this is "real memory",
-that is, normal RAM--see later about other details):
-
- - CPU untranslated. This is the "physical" address. Physical address
- 0 is what the CPU sees when it drives zeroes on the memory bus.
-
- - CPU translated address. This is the "virtual" address, and is
- completely internal to the CPU itself with the CPU doing the appropriate
- translations into "CPU untranslated".
-
- - bus address. This is the address of memory as seen by OTHER devices,
- not the CPU. Now, in theory there could be many different bus
- addresses, with each device seeing memory in some device-specific way, but
- happily most hardware designers aren't actually actively trying to make
- things any more complex than necessary, so you can assume that all
- external hardware sees the memory the same way.
-
-Now, on normal PCs the bus address is exactly the same as the physical
-address, and things are very simple indeed. However, they are that simple
-because the memory and the devices share the same address space, and that is
-not generally necessarily true on other PCI/ISA setups.
-
-Now, just as an example, on the PReP (PowerPC Reference Platform), the
-CPU sees a memory map something like this (this is from memory):
-
- 0-2 GB "real memory"
- 2 GB-3 GB "system IO" (inb/out and similar accesses on x86)
- 3 GB-4 GB "IO memory" (shared memory over the IO bus)
-
-Now, that looks simple enough. However, when you look at the same thing from
-the viewpoint of the devices, you have the reverse, and the physical memory
-address 0 actually shows up as address 2 GB for any IO master.
-
-So when the CPU wants any bus master to write to physical memory 0, it
-has to give the master address 0x80000000 as the memory address.
-
-So, for example, depending on how the kernel is actually mapped on the
-PPC, you can end up with a setup like this:
-
- physical address: 0
- virtual address: 0xC0000000
- bus address: 0x80000000
-
-where all the addresses actually point to the same thing. It's just seen
-through different translations..
-
-Similarly, on the Alpha, the normal translation is
-
- physical address: 0
- virtual address: 0xfffffc0000000000
- bus address: 0x40000000
-
-(but there are also Alphas where the physical address and the bus address
-are the same).
-
-Anyway, the way to look up all these translations, you do
-
- #include <asm/io.h>
-
- phys_addr = virt_to_phys(virt_addr);
- virt_addr = phys_to_virt(phys_addr);
- bus_addr = virt_to_bus(virt_addr);
- virt_addr = bus_to_virt(bus_addr);
-
-Now, when do you need these?
-
-You want the _virtual_ address when you are actually going to access that
-pointer from the kernel. So you can have something like this:
-
- /*
- * this is the hardware "mailbox" we use to communicate with
- * the controller. The controller sees this directly.
- */
- struct mailbox {
- __u32 status;
- __u32 bufstart;
- __u32 buflen;
- ..
- } mbox;
-
- unsigned char * retbuffer;
-
- /* get the address from the controller */
- retbuffer = bus_to_virt(mbox.bufstart);
- switch (retbuffer[0]) {
- case STATUS_OK:
- ...
-
-on the other hand, you want the bus address when you have a buffer that
-you want to give to the controller:
-
- /* ask the controller to read the sense status into "sense_buffer" */
- mbox.bufstart = virt_to_bus(&sense_buffer);
- mbox.buflen = sizeof(sense_buffer);
- mbox.status = 0;
- notify_controller(&mbox);
-
-And you generally _never_ want to use the physical address, because you can't
-use that from the CPU (the CPU only uses translated virtual addresses), and
-you can't use it from the bus master.
-
-So why do we care about the physical address at all? We do need the physical
-address in some cases, it's just not very often in normal code. The physical
-address is needed if you use memory mappings, for example, because the
-"remap_pfn_range()" mm function wants the physical address of the memory to
-be remapped as measured in units of pages, a.k.a. the pfn (the memory
-management layer doesn't know about devices outside the CPU, so it
-shouldn't need to know about "bus addresses" etc).
-
-NOTE NOTE NOTE! The above is only one part of the whole equation. The above
-only talks about "real memory", that is, CPU memory (RAM).
-
-There is a completely different type of memory too, and that's the "shared
-memory" on the PCI or ISA bus. That's generally not RAM (although in the case
-of a video graphics card it can be normal DRAM that is just used for a frame
-buffer), but can be things like a packet buffer in a network card etc.
-
-This memory is called "PCI memory" or "shared memory" or "IO memory" or
-whatever, and there is only one way to access it: the readb/writeb and
-related functions. You should never take the address of such memory, because
-there is really nothing you can do with such an address: it's not
-conceptually in the same memory space as "real memory" at all, so you cannot
-just dereference a pointer. (Sadly, on x86 it _is_ in the same memory space,
-so on x86 it actually works to just deference a pointer, but it's not
-portable).
-
-For such memory, you can do things like
-
- - reading:
- /*
- * read first 32 bits from ISA memory at 0xC0000, aka
- * C000:0000 in DOS terms
- */
- unsigned int signature = isa_readl(0xC0000);
-
- - remapping and writing:
- /*
- * remap framebuffer PCI memory area at 0xFC000000,
- * size 1MB, so that we can access it: We can directly
- * access only the 640k-1MB area, so anything else
- * has to be remapped.
- */
- char * baseptr = ioremap(0xFC000000, 1024*1024);
-
- /* write a 'A' to the offset 10 of the area */
- writeb('A',baseptr+10);
-
- /* unmap when we unload the driver */
- iounmap(baseptr);
-
- - copying and clearing:
- /* get the 6-byte Ethernet address at ISA address E000:0040 */
- memcpy_fromio(kernel_buffer, 0xE0040, 6);
- /* write a packet to the driver */
- memcpy_toio(0xE1000, skb->data, skb->len);
- /* clear the frame buffer */
- memset_io(0xA0000, 0, 0x10000);
-
-OK, that just about covers the basics of accessing IO portably. Questions?
-Comments? You may think that all the above is overly complex, but one day you
-might find yourself with a 500 MHz Alpha in front of you, and then you'll be
-happy that your driver works ;)
-
-Note that kernel versions 2.0.x (and earlier) mistakenly called the
-ioremap() function "vremap()". ioremap() is the proper name, but I
-didn't think straight when I wrote it originally. People who have to
-support both can do something like:
-
- /* support old naming silliness */
- #if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < 0x020100
- #define ioremap vremap
- #define iounmap vfree
- #endif
-
-at the top of their source files, and then they can use the right names
-even on 2.0.x systems.
-
-And the above sounds worse than it really is. Most real drivers really
-don't do all that complex things (or rather: the complexity is not so
-much in the actual IO accesses as in error handling and timeouts etc).
-It's generally not hard to fix drivers, and in many cases the code
-actually looks better afterwards:
-
- unsigned long signature = *(unsigned int *) 0xC0000;
- vs
- unsigned long signature = readl(0xC0000);
-
-I think the second version actually is more readable, no?
-
- Linus
-
diff --git a/Documentation/IPMI.txt b/Documentation/IPMI.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index bc38283379f0..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/IPMI.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,665 +0,0 @@
-
- The Linux IPMI Driver
- ---------------------
- Corey Minyard
- <minyard@mvista.com>
- <minyard@acm.org>
-
-The Intelligent Platform Management Interface, or IPMI, is a
-standard for controlling intelligent devices that monitor a system.
-It provides for dynamic discovery of sensors in the system and the
-ability to monitor the sensors and be informed when the sensor's
-values change or go outside certain boundaries. It also has a
-standardized database for field-replaceable units (FRUs) and a watchdog
-timer.
-
-To use this, you need an interface to an IPMI controller in your
-system (called a Baseboard Management Controller, or BMC) and
-management software that can use the IPMI system.
-
-This document describes how to use the IPMI driver for Linux. If you
-are not familiar with IPMI itself, see the web site at
-http://www.intel.com/design/servers/ipmi/index.htm. IPMI is a big
-subject and I can't cover it all here!
-
-Configuration
--------------
-
-The Linux IPMI driver is modular, which means you have to pick several
-things to have it work right depending on your hardware. Most of
-these are available in the 'Character Devices' menu then the IPMI
-menu.
-
-No matter what, you must pick 'IPMI top-level message handler' to use
-IPMI. What you do beyond that depends on your needs and hardware.
-
-The message handler does not provide any user-level interfaces.
-Kernel code (like the watchdog) can still use it. If you need access
-from userland, you need to select 'Device interface for IPMI' if you
-want access through a device driver.
-
-The driver interface depends on your hardware. If your system
-properly provides the SMBIOS info for IPMI, the driver will detect it
-and just work. If you have a board with a standard interface (These
-will generally be either "KCS", "SMIC", or "BT", consult your hardware
-manual), choose the 'IPMI SI handler' option. A driver also exists
-for direct I2C access to the IPMI management controller. Some boards
-support this, but it is unknown if it will work on every board. For
-this, choose 'IPMI SMBus handler', but be ready to try to do some
-figuring to see if it will work on your system if the SMBIOS/APCI
-information is wrong or not present. It is fairly safe to have both
-these enabled and let the drivers auto-detect what is present.
-
-You should generally enable ACPI on your system, as systems with IPMI
-can have ACPI tables describing them.
-
-If you have a standard interface and the board manufacturer has done
-their job correctly, the IPMI controller should be automatically
-detected (via ACPI or SMBIOS tables) and should just work. Sadly,
-many boards do not have this information. The driver attempts
-standard defaults, but they may not work. If you fall into this
-situation, you need to read the section below named 'The SI Driver' or
-"The SMBus Driver" on how to hand-configure your system.
-
-IPMI defines a standard watchdog timer. You can enable this with the
-'IPMI Watchdog Timer' config option. If you compile the driver into
-the kernel, then via a kernel command-line option you can have the
-watchdog timer start as soon as it initializes. It also have a lot
-of other options, see the 'Watchdog' section below for more details.
-Note that you can also have the watchdog continue to run if it is
-closed (by default it is disabled on close). Go into the 'Watchdog
-Cards' menu, enable 'Watchdog Timer Support', and enable the option
-'Disable watchdog shutdown on close'.
-
-IPMI systems can often be powered off using IPMI commands. Select
-'IPMI Poweroff' to do this. The driver will auto-detect if the system
-can be powered off by IPMI. It is safe to enable this even if your
-system doesn't support this option. This works on ATCA systems, the
-Radisys CPI1 card, and any IPMI system that supports standard chassis
-management commands.
-
-If you want the driver to put an event into the event log on a panic,
-enable the 'Generate a panic event to all BMCs on a panic' option. If
-you want the whole panic string put into the event log using OEM
-events, enable the 'Generate OEM events containing the panic string'
-option.
-
-Basic Design
-------------
-
-The Linux IPMI driver is designed to be very modular and flexible, you
-only need to take the pieces you need and you can use it in many
-different ways. Because of that, it's broken into many chunks of
-code. These chunks (by module name) are:
-
-ipmi_msghandler - This is the central piece of software for the IPMI
-system. It handles all messages, message timing, and responses. The
-IPMI users tie into this, and the IPMI physical interfaces (called
-System Management Interfaces, or SMIs) also tie in here. This
-provides the kernelland interface for IPMI, but does not provide an
-interface for use by application processes.
-
-ipmi_devintf - This provides a userland IOCTL interface for the IPMI
-driver, each open file for this device ties in to the message handler
-as an IPMI user.
-
-ipmi_si - A driver for various system interfaces. This supports KCS,
-SMIC, and BT interfaces. Unless you have an SMBus interface or your
-own custom interface, you probably need to use this.
-
-ipmi_smb - A driver for accessing BMCs on the SMBus. It uses the
-I2C kernel driver's SMBus interfaces to send and receive IPMI messages
-over the SMBus.
-
-ipmi_watchdog - IPMI requires systems to have a very capable watchdog
-timer. This driver implements the standard Linux watchdog timer
-interface on top of the IPMI message handler.
-
-ipmi_poweroff - Some systems support the ability to be turned off via
-IPMI commands.
-
-These are all individually selectable via configuration options.
-
-Note that the KCS-only interface has been removed. The af_ipmi driver
-is no longer supported and has been removed because it was impossible
-to do 32 bit emulation on 64-bit kernels with it.
-
-Much documentation for the interface is in the include files. The
-IPMI include files are:
-
-net/af_ipmi.h - Contains the socket interface.
-
-linux/ipmi.h - Contains the user interface and IOCTL interface for IPMI.
-
-linux/ipmi_smi.h - Contains the interface for system management interfaces
-(things that interface to IPMI controllers) to use.
-
-linux/ipmi_msgdefs.h - General definitions for base IPMI messaging.
-
-
-Addressing
-----------
-
-The IPMI addressing works much like IP addresses, you have an overlay
-to handle the different address types. The overlay is:
-
- struct ipmi_addr
- {
- int addr_type;
- short channel;
- char data[IPMI_MAX_ADDR_SIZE];
- };
-
-The addr_type determines what the address really is. The driver
-currently understands two different types of addresses.
-
-"System Interface" addresses are defined as:
-
- struct ipmi_system_interface_addr
- {
- int addr_type;
- short channel;
- };
-
-and the type is IPMI_SYSTEM_INTERFACE_ADDR_TYPE. This is used for talking
-straight to the BMC on the current card. The channel must be
-IPMI_BMC_CHANNEL.
-
-Messages that are destined to go out on the IPMB bus use the
-IPMI_IPMB_ADDR_TYPE address type. The format is
-
- struct ipmi_ipmb_addr
- {
- int addr_type;
- short channel;
- unsigned char slave_addr;
- unsigned char lun;
- };
-
-The "channel" here is generally zero, but some devices support more
-than one channel, it corresponds to the channel as defined in the IPMI
-spec.
-
-
-Messages
---------
-
-Messages are defined as:
-
-struct ipmi_msg
-{
- unsigned char netfn;
- unsigned char lun;
- unsigned char cmd;
- unsigned char *data;
- int data_len;
-};
-
-The driver takes care of adding/stripping the header information. The
-data portion is just the data to be send (do NOT put addressing info
-here) or the response. Note that the completion code of a response is
-the first item in "data", it is not stripped out because that is how
-all the messages are defined in the spec (and thus makes counting the
-offsets a little easier :-).
-
-When using the IOCTL interface from userland, you must provide a block
-of data for "data", fill it, and set data_len to the length of the
-block of data, even when receiving messages. Otherwise the driver
-will have no place to put the message.
-
-Messages coming up from the message handler in kernelland will come in
-as:
-
- struct ipmi_recv_msg
- {
- struct list_head link;
-
- /* The type of message as defined in the "Receive Types"
- defines above. */
- int recv_type;
-
- ipmi_user_t *user;
- struct ipmi_addr addr;
- long msgid;
- struct ipmi_msg msg;
-
- /* Call this when done with the message. It will presumably free
- the message and do any other necessary cleanup. */
- void (*done)(struct ipmi_recv_msg *msg);
-
- /* Place-holder for the data, don't make any assumptions about
- the size or existence of this, since it may change. */
- unsigned char msg_data[IPMI_MAX_MSG_LENGTH];
- };
-
-You should look at the receive type and handle the message
-appropriately.
-
-
-The Upper Layer Interface (Message Handler)
--------------------------------------------
-
-The upper layer of the interface provides the users with a consistent
-view of the IPMI interfaces. It allows multiple SMI interfaces to be
-addressed (because some boards actually have multiple BMCs on them)
-and the user should not have to care what type of SMI is below them.
-
-
-Creating the User
-
-To user the message handler, you must first create a user using
-ipmi_create_user. The interface number specifies which SMI you want
-to connect to, and you must supply callback functions to be called
-when data comes in. The callback function can run at interrupt level,
-so be careful using the callbacks. This also allows to you pass in a
-piece of data, the handler_data, that will be passed back to you on
-all calls.
-
-Once you are done, call ipmi_destroy_user() to get rid of the user.
-
-From userland, opening the device automatically creates a user, and
-closing the device automatically destroys the user.
-
-
-Messaging
-
-To send a message from kernel-land, the ipmi_request() call does
-pretty much all message handling. Most of the parameter are
-self-explanatory. However, it takes a "msgid" parameter. This is NOT
-the sequence number of messages. It is simply a long value that is
-passed back when the response for the message is returned. You may
-use it for anything you like.
-
-Responses come back in the function pointed to by the ipmi_recv_hndl
-field of the "handler" that you passed in to ipmi_create_user().
-Remember again, these may be running at interrupt level. Remember to
-look at the receive type, too.
-
-From userland, you fill out an ipmi_req_t structure and use the
-IPMICTL_SEND_COMMAND ioctl. For incoming stuff, you can use select()
-or poll() to wait for messages to come in. However, you cannot use
-read() to get them, you must call the IPMICTL_RECEIVE_MSG with the
-ipmi_recv_t structure to actually get the message. Remember that you
-must supply a pointer to a block of data in the msg.data field, and
-you must fill in the msg.data_len field with the size of the data.
-This gives the receiver a place to actually put the message.
-
-If the message cannot fit into the data you provide, you will get an
-EMSGSIZE error and the driver will leave the data in the receive
-queue. If you want to get it and have it truncate the message, us
-the IPMICTL_RECEIVE_MSG_TRUNC ioctl.
-
-When you send a command (which is defined by the lowest-order bit of
-the netfn per the IPMI spec) on the IPMB bus, the driver will
-automatically assign the sequence number to the command and save the
-command. If the response is not receive in the IPMI-specified 5
-seconds, it will generate a response automatically saying the command
-timed out. If an unsolicited response comes in (if it was after 5
-seconds, for instance), that response will be ignored.
-
-In kernelland, after you receive a message and are done with it, you
-MUST call ipmi_free_recv_msg() on it, or you will leak messages. Note
-that you should NEVER mess with the "done" field of a message, that is
-required to properly clean up the message.
-
-Note that when sending, there is an ipmi_request_supply_msgs() call
-that lets you supply the smi and receive message. This is useful for
-pieces of code that need to work even if the system is out of buffers
-(the watchdog timer uses this, for instance). You supply your own
-buffer and own free routines. This is not recommended for normal use,
-though, since it is tricky to manage your own buffers.
-
-
-Events and Incoming Commands
-
-The driver takes care of polling for IPMI events and receiving
-commands (commands are messages that are not responses, they are
-commands that other things on the IPMB bus have sent you). To receive
-these, you must register for them, they will not automatically be sent
-to you.
-
-To receive events, you must call ipmi_set_gets_events() and set the
-"val" to non-zero. Any events that have been received by the driver
-since startup will immediately be delivered to the first user that
-registers for events. After that, if multiple users are registered
-for events, they will all receive all events that come in.
-
-For receiving commands, you have to individually register commands you
-want to receive. Call ipmi_register_for_cmd() and supply the netfn
-and command name for each command you want to receive. You also
-specify a bitmask of the channels you want to receive the command from
-(or use IPMI_CHAN_ALL for all channels if you don't care). Only one
-user may be registered for each netfn/cmd/channel, but different users
-may register for different commands, or the same command if the
-channel bitmasks do not overlap.
-
-From userland, equivalent IOCTLs are provided to do these functions.
-
-
-The Lower Layer (SMI) Interface
--------------------------------
-
-As mentioned before, multiple SMI interfaces may be registered to the
-message handler, each of these is assigned an interface number when
-they register with the message handler. They are generally assigned
-in the order they register, although if an SMI unregisters and then
-another one registers, all bets are off.
-
-The ipmi_smi.h defines the interface for management interfaces, see
-that for more details.
-
-
-The SI Driver
--------------
-
-The SI driver allows up to 4 KCS or SMIC interfaces to be configured
-in the system. By default, scan the ACPI tables for interfaces, and
-if it doesn't find any the driver will attempt to register one KCS
-interface at the spec-specified I/O port 0xca2 without interrupts.
-You can change this at module load time (for a module) with:
-
- modprobe ipmi_si.o type=<type1>,<type2>....
- ports=<port1>,<port2>... addrs=<addr1>,<addr2>...
- irqs=<irq1>,<irq2>... trydefaults=[0|1]
- regspacings=<sp1>,<sp2>,... regsizes=<size1>,<size2>,...
- regshifts=<shift1>,<shift2>,...
- slave_addrs=<addr1>,<addr2>,...
- force_kipmid=<enable1>,<enable2>,...
- unload_when_empty=[0|1]
-
-Each of these except si_trydefaults is a list, the first item for the
-first interface, second item for the second interface, etc.
-
-The si_type may be either "kcs", "smic", or "bt". If you leave it blank, it
-defaults to "kcs".
-
-If you specify si_addrs as non-zero for an interface, the driver will
-use the memory address given as the address of the device. This
-overrides si_ports.
-
-If you specify si_ports as non-zero for an interface, the driver will
-use the I/O port given as the device address.
-
-If you specify si_irqs as non-zero for an interface, the driver will
-attempt to use the given interrupt for the device.
-
-si_trydefaults sets whether the standard IPMI interface at 0xca2 and
-any interfaces specified by ACPE are tried. By default, the driver
-tries it, set this value to zero to turn this off.
-
-The next three parameters have to do with register layout. The
-registers used by the interfaces may not appear at successive
-locations and they may not be in 8-bit registers. These parameters
-allow the layout of the data in the registers to be more precisely
-specified.
-
-The regspacings parameter give the number of bytes between successive
-register start addresses. For instance, if the regspacing is set to 4
-and the start address is 0xca2, then the address for the second
-register would be 0xca6. This defaults to 1.
-
-The regsizes parameter gives the size of a register, in bytes. The
-data used by IPMI is 8-bits wide, but it may be inside a larger
-register. This parameter allows the read and write type to specified.
-It may be 1, 2, 4, or 8. The default is 1.
-
-Since the register size may be larger than 32 bits, the IPMI data may not
-be in the lower 8 bits. The regshifts parameter give the amount to shift
-the data to get to the actual IPMI data.
-
-The slave_addrs specifies the IPMI address of the local BMC. This is
-usually 0x20 and the driver defaults to that, but in case it's not, it
-can be specified when the driver starts up.
-
-The force_ipmid parameter forcefully enables (if set to 1) or disables
-(if set to 0) the kernel IPMI daemon. Normally this is auto-detected
-by the driver, but systems with broken interrupts might need an enable,
-or users that don't want the daemon (don't need the performance, don't
-want the CPU hit) can disable it.
-
-If unload_when_empty is set to 1, the driver will be unloaded if it
-doesn't find any interfaces or all the interfaces fail to work. The
-default is one. Setting to 0 is useful with the hotmod, but is
-obviously only useful for modules.
-
-When compiled into the kernel, the parameters can be specified on the
-kernel command line as:
-
- ipmi_si.type=<type1>,<type2>...
- ipmi_si.ports=<port1>,<port2>... ipmi_si.addrs=<addr1>,<addr2>...
- ipmi_si.irqs=<irq1>,<irq2>... ipmi_si.trydefaults=[0|1]
- ipmi_si.regspacings=<sp1>,<sp2>,...
- ipmi_si.regsizes=<size1>,<size2>,...
- ipmi_si.regshifts=<shift1>,<shift2>,...
- ipmi_si.slave_addrs=<addr1>,<addr2>,...
- ipmi_si.force_kipmid=<enable1>,<enable2>,...
-
-It works the same as the module parameters of the same names.
-
-By default, the driver will attempt to detect any device specified by
-ACPI, and if none of those then a KCS device at the spec-specified
-0xca2. If you want to turn this off, set the "trydefaults" option to
-false.
-
-If your IPMI interface does not support interrupts and is a KCS or
-SMIC interface, the IPMI driver will start a kernel thread for the
-interface to help speed things up. This is a low-priority kernel
-thread that constantly polls the IPMI driver while an IPMI operation
-is in progress. The force_kipmid module parameter will all the user to
-force this thread on or off. If you force it off and don't have
-interrupts, the driver will run VERY slowly. Don't blame me,
-these interfaces suck.
-
-The driver supports a hot add and remove of interfaces. This way,
-interfaces can be added or removed after the kernel is up and running.
-This is done using /sys/modules/ipmi_si/parameters/hotmod, which is a
-write-only parameter. You write a string to this interface. The string
-has the format:
- <op1>[:op2[:op3...]]
-The "op"s are:
- add|remove,kcs|bt|smic,mem|i/o,<address>[,<opt1>[,<opt2>[,...]]]
-You can specify more than one interface on the line. The "opt"s are:
- rsp=<regspacing>
- rsi=<regsize>
- rsh=<regshift>
- irq=<irq>
- ipmb=<ipmb slave addr>
-and these have the same meanings as discussed above. Note that you
-can also use this on the kernel command line for a more compact format
-for specifying an interface. Note that when removing an interface,
-only the first three parameters (si type, address type, and address)
-are used for the comparison. Any options are ignored for removing.
-
-The SMBus Driver
-----------------
-
-The SMBus driver allows up to 4 SMBus devices to be configured in the
-system. By default, the driver will register any SMBus interfaces it finds
-in the I2C address range of 0x20 to 0x4f on any adapter. You can change this
-at module load time (for a module) with:
-
- modprobe ipmi_smb.o
- addr=<adapter1>,<i2caddr1>[,<adapter2>,<i2caddr2>[,...]]
- dbg=<flags1>,<flags2>...
- [defaultprobe=1] [dbg_probe=1]
-
-The addresses are specified in pairs, the first is the adapter ID and the
-second is the I2C address on that adapter.
-
-The debug flags are bit flags for each BMC found, they are:
-IPMI messages: 1, driver state: 2, timing: 4, I2C probe: 8
-
-Setting smb_defaultprobe to zero disabled the default probing of SMBus
-interfaces at address range 0x20 to 0x4f. This means that only the
-BMCs specified on the smb_addr line will be detected.
-
-Setting smb_dbg_probe to 1 will enable debugging of the probing and
-detection process for BMCs on the SMBusses.
-
-Discovering the IPMI compliant BMC on the SMBus can cause devices
-on the I2C bus to fail. The SMBus driver writes a "Get Device ID" IPMI
-message as a block write to the I2C bus and waits for a response.
-This action can be detrimental to some I2C devices. It is highly recommended
-that the known I2c address be given to the SMBus driver in the smb_addr
-parameter. The default address range will not be used when a smb_addr
-parameter is provided.
-
-When compiled into the kernel, the addresses can be specified on the
-kernel command line as:
-
- ipmb_smb.addr=<adapter1>,<i2caddr1>[,<adapter2>,<i2caddr2>[,...]]
- ipmi_smb.dbg=<flags1>,<flags2>...
- ipmi_smb.defaultprobe=0 ipmi_smb.dbg_probe=1
-
-These are the same options as on the module command line.
-
-Note that you might need some I2C changes if CONFIG_IPMI_PANIC_EVENT
-is enabled along with this, so the I2C driver knows to run to
-completion during sending a panic event.
-
-
-Other Pieces
-------------
-
-Watchdog
---------
-
-A watchdog timer is provided that implements the Linux-standard
-watchdog timer interface. It has three module parameters that can be
-used to control it:
-
- modprobe ipmi_watchdog timeout=<t> pretimeout=<t> action=<action type>
- preaction=<preaction type> preop=<preop type> start_now=x
- nowayout=x ifnum_to_use=n
-
-ifnum_to_use specifies which interface the watchdog timer should use.
-The default is -1, which means to pick the first one registered.
-
-The timeout is the number of seconds to the action, and the pretimeout
-is the amount of seconds before the reset that the pre-timeout panic will
-occur (if pretimeout is zero, then pretimeout will not be enabled). Note
-that the pretimeout is the time before the final timeout. So if the
-timeout is 50 seconds and the pretimeout is 10 seconds, then the pretimeout
-will occur in 40 second (10 seconds before the timeout).
-
-The action may be "reset", "power_cycle", or "power_off", and
-specifies what to do when the timer times out, and defaults to
-"reset".
-
-The preaction may be "pre_smi" for an indication through the SMI
-interface, "pre_int" for an indication through the SMI with an
-interrupts, and "pre_nmi" for a NMI on a preaction. This is how
-the driver is informed of the pretimeout.
-
-The preop may be set to "preop_none" for no operation on a pretimeout,
-"preop_panic" to set the preoperation to panic, or "preop_give_data"
-to provide data to read from the watchdog device when the pretimeout
-occurs. A "pre_nmi" setting CANNOT be used with "preop_give_data"
-because you can't do data operations from an NMI.
-
-When preop is set to "preop_give_data", one byte comes ready to read
-on the device when the pretimeout occurs. Select and fasync work on
-the device, as well.
-
-If start_now is set to 1, the watchdog timer will start running as
-soon as the driver is loaded.
-
-If nowayout is set to 1, the watchdog timer will not stop when the
-watchdog device is closed. The default value of nowayout is true
-if the CONFIG_WATCHDOG_NOWAYOUT option is enabled, or false if not.
-
-When compiled into the kernel, the kernel command line is available
-for configuring the watchdog:
-
- ipmi_watchdog.timeout=<t> ipmi_watchdog.pretimeout=<t>
- ipmi_watchdog.action=<action type>
- ipmi_watchdog.preaction=<preaction type>
- ipmi_watchdog.preop=<preop type>
- ipmi_watchdog.start_now=x
- ipmi_watchdog.nowayout=x
-
-The options are the same as the module parameter options.
-
-The watchdog will panic and start a 120 second reset timeout if it
-gets a pre-action. During a panic or a reboot, the watchdog will
-start a 120 timer if it is running to make sure the reboot occurs.
-
-Note that if you use the NMI preaction for the watchdog, you MUST NOT
-use the nmi watchdog. There is no reasonable way to tell if an NMI
-comes from the IPMI controller, so it must assume that if it gets an
-otherwise unhandled NMI, it must be from IPMI and it will panic
-immediately.
-
-Once you open the watchdog timer, you must write a 'V' character to the
-device to close it, or the timer will not stop. This is a new semantic
-for the driver, but makes it consistent with the rest of the watchdog
-drivers in Linux.
-
-
-Panic Timeouts
---------------
-
-The OpenIPMI driver supports the ability to put semi-custom and custom
-events in the system event log if a panic occurs. if you enable the
-'Generate a panic event to all BMCs on a panic' option, you will get
-one event on a panic in a standard IPMI event format. If you enable
-the 'Generate OEM events containing the panic string' option, you will
-also get a bunch of OEM events holding the panic string.
-
-
-The field settings of the events are:
-* Generator ID: 0x21 (kernel)
-* EvM Rev: 0x03 (this event is formatting in IPMI 1.0 format)
-* Sensor Type: 0x20 (OS critical stop sensor)
-* Sensor #: The first byte of the panic string (0 if no panic string)
-* Event Dir | Event Type: 0x6f (Assertion, sensor-specific event info)
-* Event Data 1: 0xa1 (Runtime stop in OEM bytes 2 and 3)
-* Event data 2: second byte of panic string
-* Event data 3: third byte of panic string
-See the IPMI spec for the details of the event layout. This event is
-always sent to the local management controller. It will handle routing
-the message to the right place
-
-Other OEM events have the following format:
-Record ID (bytes 0-1): Set by the SEL.
-Record type (byte 2): 0xf0 (OEM non-timestamped)
-byte 3: The slave address of the card saving the panic
-byte 4: A sequence number (starting at zero)
-The rest of the bytes (11 bytes) are the panic string. If the panic string
-is longer than 11 bytes, multiple messages will be sent with increasing
-sequence numbers.
-
-Because you cannot send OEM events using the standard interface, this
-function will attempt to find an SEL and add the events there. It
-will first query the capabilities of the local management controller.
-If it has an SEL, then they will be stored in the SEL of the local
-management controller. If not, and the local management controller is
-an event generator, the event receiver from the local management
-controller will be queried and the events sent to the SEL on that
-device. Otherwise, the events go nowhere since there is nowhere to
-send them.
-
-
-Poweroff
---------
-
-If the poweroff capability is selected, the IPMI driver will install
-a shutdown function into the standard poweroff function pointer. This
-is in the ipmi_poweroff module. When the system requests a powerdown,
-it will send the proper IPMI commands to do this. This is supported on
-several platforms.
-
-There is a module parameter named "poweroff_powercycle" that may
-either be zero (do a power down) or non-zero (do a power cycle, power
-the system off, then power it on in a few seconds). Setting
-ipmi_poweroff.poweroff_control=x will do the same thing on the kernel
-command line. The parameter is also available via the proc filesystem
-in /proc/sys/dev/ipmi/poweroff_powercycle. Note that if the system
-does not support power cycling, it will always do the power off.
-
-The "ifnum_to_use" parameter specifies which interface the poweroff
-code should use. The default is -1, which means to pick the first one
-registered.
-
-Note that if you have ACPI enabled, the system will prefer using ACPI to
-power off.
diff --git a/Documentation/IRQ-affinity.txt b/Documentation/IRQ-affinity.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b4a615b78403..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/IRQ-affinity.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-ChangeLog:
- Started by Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
- Update by Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com>
-
-SMP IRQ affinity
-
-/proc/irq/IRQ#/smp_affinity specifies which target CPUs are permitted
-for a given IRQ source. It's a bitmask of allowed CPUs. It's not allowed
-to turn off all CPUs, and if an IRQ controller does not support IRQ
-affinity then the value will not change from the default 0xffffffff.
-
-/proc/irq/default_smp_affinity specifies default affinity mask that applies
-to all non-active IRQs. Once IRQ is allocated/activated its affinity bitmask
-will be set to the default mask. It can then be changed as described above.
-Default mask is 0xffffffff.
-
-Here is an example of restricting IRQ44 (eth1) to CPU0-3 then restricting
-it to CPU4-7 (this is an 8-CPU SMP box):
-
-[root@moon 44]# cd /proc/irq/44
-[root@moon 44]# cat smp_affinity
-ffffffff
-
-[root@moon 44]# echo 0f > smp_affinity
-[root@moon 44]# cat smp_affinity
-0000000f
-[root@moon 44]# ping -f h
-PING hell (195.4.7.3): 56 data bytes
-...
---- hell ping statistics ---
-6029 packets transmitted, 6027 packets received, 0% packet loss
-round-trip min/avg/max = 0.1/0.1/0.4 ms
-[root@moon 44]# cat /proc/interrupts | grep 'CPU\|44:'
- CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 CPU4 CPU5 CPU6 CPU7
- 44: 1068 1785 1785 1783 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-level eth1
-
-As can be seen from the line above IRQ44 was delivered only to the first four
-processors (0-3).
-Now lets restrict that IRQ to CPU(4-7).
-
-[root@moon 44]# echo f0 > smp_affinity
-[root@moon 44]# cat smp_affinity
-000000f0
-[root@moon 44]# ping -f h
-PING hell (195.4.7.3): 56 data bytes
-..
---- hell ping statistics ---
-2779 packets transmitted, 2777 packets received, 0% packet loss
-round-trip min/avg/max = 0.1/0.5/585.4 ms
-[root@moon 44]# cat /proc/interrupts | 'CPU\|44:'
- CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 CPU4 CPU5 CPU6 CPU7
- 44: 1068 1785 1785 1783 1784 1069 1070 1069 IO-APIC-level eth1
-
-This time around IRQ44 was delivered only to the last four processors.
-i.e counters for the CPU0-3 did not change.
-
diff --git a/Documentation/IRQ.txt b/Documentation/IRQ.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1011e7175021..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/IRQ.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-What is an IRQ?
-
-An IRQ is an interrupt request from a device.
-Currently they can come in over a pin, or over a packet.
-Several devices may be connected to the same pin thus
-sharing an IRQ.
-
-An IRQ number is a kernel identifier used to talk about a hardware
-interrupt source. Typically this is an index into the global irq_desc
-array, but except for what linux/interrupt.h implements the details
-are architecture specific.
-
-An IRQ number is an enumeration of the possible interrupt sources on a
-machine. Typically what is enumerated is the number of input pins on
-all of the interrupt controller in the system. In the case of ISA
-what is enumerated are the 16 input pins on the two i8259 interrupt
-controllers.
-
-Architectures can assign additional meaning to the IRQ numbers, and
-are encouraged to in the case where there is any manual configuration
-of the hardware involved. The ISA IRQs are a classic example of
-assigning this kind of additional meaning.
diff --git a/Documentation/Intel-IOMMU.txt b/Documentation/Intel-IOMMU.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 21bc416d887e..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/Intel-IOMMU.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-Linux IOMMU Support
-===================
-
-The architecture spec can be obtained from the below location.
-
-http://www.intel.com/technology/virtualization/
-
-This guide gives a quick cheat sheet for some basic understanding.
-
-Some Keywords
-
-DMAR - DMA remapping
-DRHD - DMA Engine Reporting Structure
-RMRR - Reserved memory Region Reporting Structure
-ZLR - Zero length reads from PCI devices
-IOVA - IO Virtual address.
-
-Basic stuff
------------
-
-ACPI enumerates and lists the different DMA engines in the platform, and
-device scope relationships between PCI devices and which DMA engine controls
-them.
-
-What is RMRR?
--------------
-
-There are some devices the BIOS controls, for e.g USB devices to perform
-PS2 emulation. The regions of memory used for these devices are marked
-reserved in the e820 map. When we turn on DMA translation, DMA to those
-regions will fail. Hence BIOS uses RMRR to specify these regions along with
-devices that need to access these regions. OS is expected to setup
-unity mappings for these regions for these devices to access these regions.
-
-How is IOVA generated?
----------------------
-
-Well behaved drivers call pci_map_*() calls before sending command to device
-that needs to perform DMA. Once DMA is completed and mapping is no longer
-required, device performs a pci_unmap_*() calls to unmap the region.
-
-The Intel IOMMU driver allocates a virtual address per domain. Each PCIE
-device has its own domain (hence protection). Devices under p2p bridges
-share the virtual address with all devices under the p2p bridge due to
-transaction id aliasing for p2p bridges.
-
-IOVA generation is pretty generic. We used the same technique as vmalloc()
-but these are not global address spaces, but separate for each domain.
-Different DMA engines may support different number of domains.
-
-We also allocate guard pages with each mapping, so we can attempt to catch
-any overflow that might happen.
-
-
-Graphics Problems?
-------------------
-If you encounter issues with graphics devices, you can try adding
-option intel_iommu=igfx_off to turn off the integrated graphics engine.
-
-If it happens to be a PCI device included in the INCLUDE_ALL Engine,
-then try enabling CONFIG_DMAR_GFX_WA to setup a 1-1 map. We hear
-graphics drivers may be in process of using DMA api's in the near
-future and at that time this option can be yanked out.
-
-Some exceptions to IOVA
------------------------
-Interrupt ranges are not address translated, (0xfee00000 - 0xfeefffff).
-The same is true for peer to peer transactions. Hence we reserve the
-address from PCI MMIO ranges so they are not allocated for IOVA addresses.
-
-
-Fault reporting
----------------
-When errors are reported, the DMA engine signals via an interrupt. The fault
-reason and device that caused it with fault reason is printed on console.
-
-See below for sample.
-
-
-Boot Message Sample
--------------------
-
-Something like this gets printed indicating presence of DMAR tables
-in ACPI.
-
-ACPI: DMAR (v001 A M I OEMDMAR 0x00000001 MSFT 0x00000097) @ 0x000000007f5b5ef0
-
-When DMAR is being processed and initialized by ACPI, prints DMAR locations
-and any RMRR's processed.
-
-ACPI DMAR:Host address width 36
-ACPI DMAR:DRHD (flags: 0x00000000)base: 0x00000000fed90000
-ACPI DMAR:DRHD (flags: 0x00000000)base: 0x00000000fed91000
-ACPI DMAR:DRHD (flags: 0x00000001)base: 0x00000000fed93000
-ACPI DMAR:RMRR base: 0x00000000000ed000 end: 0x00000000000effff
-ACPI DMAR:RMRR base: 0x000000007f600000 end: 0x000000007fffffff
-
-When DMAR is enabled for use, you will notice..
-
-PCI-DMA: Using DMAR IOMMU
-
-Fault reporting
----------------
-
-DMAR:[DMA Write] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr 6df084000
-DMAR:[fault reason 05] PTE Write access is not set
-DMAR:[DMA Write] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr 6df084000
-DMAR:[fault reason 05] PTE Write access is not set
-
-TBD
-----
-
-- For compatibility testing, could use unity map domain for all devices, just
- provide a 1-1 for all useful memory under a single domain for all devices.
-- API for paravirt ops for abstracting functionality for VMM folks.
diff --git a/Documentation/Kconfig b/Documentation/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3a0e7ac0c4e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+if COMPILE_TEST
+
+menu "Documentation"
+
+config WARN_MISSING_DOCUMENTS
+ bool "Warn if there's a missing documentation file"
+ help
+ It is not uncommon that a document gets renamed.
+ This option makes the Kernel to check for missing dependencies,
+ warning when something is missing. Works only if the Kernel
+ is built from a git tree.
+
+ If unsure, select 'N'.
+
+config WARN_ABI_ERRORS
+ bool "Warn if there are errors at ABI files"
+ help
+ The files under Documentation/ABI should follow what's
+ described at Documentation/ABI/README. Yet, as they're manually
+ written, it would be possible that some of those files would
+ have errors that would break them for being parsed by
+ scripts/get_abi.pl. Add a check to verify them.
+
+ If unsure, select 'N'.
+
+endmenu
+
+endif
diff --git a/Documentation/MSI-HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/MSI-HOWTO.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index a51f693c1541..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/MSI-HOWTO.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,511 +0,0 @@
- The MSI Driver Guide HOWTO
- Tom L Nguyen tom.l.nguyen@intel.com
- 10/03/2003
- Revised Feb 12, 2004 by Martine Silbermann
- email: Martine.Silbermann@hp.com
- Revised Jun 25, 2004 by Tom L Nguyen
-
-1. About this guide
-
-This guide describes the basics of Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI),
-the advantages of using MSI over traditional interrupt mechanisms,
-and how to enable your driver to use MSI or MSI-X. Also included is
-a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) section.
-
-1.1 Terminology
-
-PCI devices can be single-function or multi-function. In either case,
-when this text talks about enabling or disabling MSI on a "device
-function," it is referring to one specific PCI device and function and
-not to all functions on a PCI device (unless the PCI device has only
-one function).
-
-2. Copyright 2003 Intel Corporation
-
-3. What is MSI/MSI-X?
-
-Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI), as described in the PCI Local Bus
-Specification Revision 2.3 or later, is an optional feature, and a
-required feature for PCI Express devices. MSI enables a device function
-to request service by sending an Inbound Memory Write on its PCI bus to
-the FSB as a Message Signal Interrupt transaction. Because MSI is
-generated in the form of a Memory Write, all transaction conditions,
-such as a Retry, Master-Abort, Target-Abort or normal completion, are
-supported.
-
-A PCI device that supports MSI must also support pin IRQ assertion
-interrupt mechanism to provide backward compatibility for systems that
-do not support MSI. In systems which support MSI, the bus driver is
-responsible for initializing the message address and message data of
-the device function's MSI/MSI-X capability structure during device
-initial configuration.
-
-An MSI capable device function indicates MSI support by implementing
-the MSI/MSI-X capability structure in its PCI capability list. The
-device function may implement both the MSI capability structure and
-the MSI-X capability structure; however, the bus driver should not
-enable both.
-
-The MSI capability structure contains Message Control register,
-Message Address register and Message Data register. These registers
-provide the bus driver control over MSI. The Message Control register
-indicates the MSI capability supported by the device. The Message
-Address register specifies the target address and the Message Data
-register specifies the characteristics of the message. To request
-service, the device function writes the content of the Message Data
-register to the target address. The device and its software driver
-are prohibited from writing to these registers.
-
-The MSI-X capability structure is an optional extension to MSI. It
-uses an independent and separate capability structure. There are
-some key advantages to implementing the MSI-X capability structure
-over the MSI capability structure as described below.
-
- - Support a larger maximum number of vectors per function.
-
- - Provide the ability for system software to configure
- each vector with an independent message address and message
- data, specified by a table that resides in Memory Space.
-
- - MSI and MSI-X both support per-vector masking. Per-vector
- masking is an optional extension of MSI but a required
- feature for MSI-X. Per-vector masking provides the kernel the
- ability to mask/unmask a single MSI while running its
- interrupt service routine. If per-vector masking is
- not supported, then the device driver should provide the
- hardware/software synchronization to ensure that the device
- generates MSI when the driver wants it to do so.
-
-4. Why use MSI?
-
-As a benefit to the simplification of board design, MSI allows board
-designers to remove out-of-band interrupt routing. MSI is another
-step towards a legacy-free environment.
-
-Due to increasing pressure on chipset and processor packages to
-reduce pin count, the need for interrupt pins is expected to
-diminish over time. Devices, due to pin constraints, may implement
-messages to increase performance.
-
-PCI Express endpoints uses INTx emulation (in-band messages) instead
-of IRQ pin assertion. Using INTx emulation requires interrupt
-sharing among devices connected to the same node (PCI bridge) while
-MSI is unique (non-shared) and does not require BIOS configuration
-support. As a result, the PCI Express technology requires MSI
-support for better interrupt performance.
-
-Using MSI enables the device functions to support two or more
-vectors, which can be configured to target different CPUs to
-increase scalability.
-
-5. Configuring a driver to use MSI/MSI-X
-
-By default, the kernel will not enable MSI/MSI-X on all devices that
-support this capability. The CONFIG_PCI_MSI kernel option
-must be selected to enable MSI/MSI-X support.
-
-5.1 Including MSI/MSI-X support into the kernel
-
-To allow MSI/MSI-X capable device drivers to selectively enable
-MSI/MSI-X (using pci_enable_msi()/pci_enable_msix() as described
-below), the VECTOR based scheme needs to be enabled by setting
-CONFIG_PCI_MSI during kernel config.
-
-Since the target of the inbound message is the local APIC, providing
-CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC must be enabled as well as CONFIG_PCI_MSI.
-
-5.2 Configuring for MSI support
-
-Due to the non-contiguous fashion in vector assignment of the
-existing Linux kernel, this version does not support multiple
-messages regardless of a device function is capable of supporting
-more than one vector. To enable MSI on a device function's MSI
-capability structure requires a device driver to call the function
-pci_enable_msi() explicitly.
-
-5.2.1 API pci_enable_msi
-
-int pci_enable_msi(struct pci_dev *dev)
-
-With this new API, a device driver that wants to have MSI
-enabled on its device function must call this API to enable MSI.
-A successful call will initialize the MSI capability structure
-with ONE vector, regardless of whether a device function is
-capable of supporting multiple messages. This vector replaces the
-pre-assigned dev->irq with a new MSI vector. To avoid a conflict
-of the new assigned vector with existing pre-assigned vector requires
-a device driver to call this API before calling request_irq().
-
-5.2.2 API pci_disable_msi
-
-void pci_disable_msi(struct pci_dev *dev)
-
-This API should always be used to undo the effect of pci_enable_msi()
-when a device driver is unloading. This API restores dev->irq with
-the pre-assigned IOAPIC vector and switches a device's interrupt
-mode to PCI pin-irq assertion/INTx emulation mode.
-
-Note that a device driver should always call free_irq() on the MSI vector
-that it has done request_irq() on before calling this API. Failure to do
-so results in a BUG_ON() and a device will be left with MSI enabled and
-leaks its vector.
-
-5.2.3 MSI mode vs. legacy mode diagram
-
-The below diagram shows the events which switch the interrupt
-mode on the MSI-capable device function between MSI mode and
-PIN-IRQ assertion mode.
-
- ------------ pci_enable_msi ------------------------
- | | <=============== | |
- | MSI MODE | | PIN-IRQ ASSERTION MODE |
- | | ===============> | |
- ------------ pci_disable_msi ------------------------
-
-
-Figure 1. MSI Mode vs. Legacy Mode
-
-In Figure 1, a device operates by default in legacy mode. Legacy
-in this context means PCI pin-irq assertion or PCI-Express INTx
-emulation. A successful MSI request (using pci_enable_msi()) switches
-a device's interrupt mode to MSI mode. A pre-assigned IOAPIC vector
-stored in dev->irq will be saved by the PCI subsystem and a new
-assigned MSI vector will replace dev->irq.
-
-To return back to its default mode, a device driver should always call
-pci_disable_msi() to undo the effect of pci_enable_msi(). Note that a
-device driver should always call free_irq() on the MSI vector it has
-done request_irq() on before calling pci_disable_msi(). Failure to do
-so results in a BUG_ON() and a device will be left with MSI enabled and
-leaks its vector. Otherwise, the PCI subsystem restores a device's
-dev->irq with a pre-assigned IOAPIC vector and marks the released
-MSI vector as unused.
-
-Once being marked as unused, there is no guarantee that the PCI
-subsystem will reserve this MSI vector for a device. Depending on
-the availability of current PCI vector resources and the number of
-MSI/MSI-X requests from other drivers, this MSI may be re-assigned.
-
-For the case where the PCI subsystem re-assigns this MSI vector to
-another driver, a request to switch back to MSI mode may result
-in being assigned a different MSI vector or a failure if no more
-vectors are available.
-
-5.3 Configuring for MSI-X support
-
-Due to the ability of the system software to configure each vector of
-the MSI-X capability structure with an independent message address
-and message data, the non-contiguous fashion in vector assignment of
-the existing Linux kernel has no impact on supporting multiple
-messages on an MSI-X capable device functions. To enable MSI-X on
-a device function's MSI-X capability structure requires its device
-driver to call the function pci_enable_msix() explicitly.
-
-The function pci_enable_msix(), once invoked, enables either
-all or nothing, depending on the current availability of PCI vector
-resources. If the PCI vector resources are available for the number
-of vectors requested by a device driver, this function will configure
-the MSI-X table of the MSI-X capability structure of a device with
-requested messages. To emphasize this reason, for example, a device
-may be capable for supporting the maximum of 32 vectors while its
-software driver usually may request 4 vectors. It is recommended
-that the device driver should call this function once during the
-initialization phase of the device driver.
-
-Unlike the function pci_enable_msi(), the function pci_enable_msix()
-does not replace the pre-assigned IOAPIC dev->irq with a new MSI
-vector because the PCI subsystem writes the 1:1 vector-to-entry mapping
-into the field vector of each element contained in a second argument.
-Note that the pre-assigned IOAPIC dev->irq is valid only if the device
-operates in PIN-IRQ assertion mode. In MSI-X mode, any attempt at
-using dev->irq by the device driver to request for interrupt service
-may result in unpredictable behavior.
-
-For each MSI-X vector granted, a device driver is responsible for calling
-other functions like request_irq(), enable_irq(), etc. to enable
-this vector with its corresponding interrupt service handler. It is
-a device driver's choice to assign all vectors with the same
-interrupt service handler or each vector with a unique interrupt
-service handler.
-
-5.3.1 Handling MMIO address space of MSI-X Table
-
-The PCI 3.0 specification has implementation notes that MMIO address
-space for a device's MSI-X structure should be isolated so that the
-software system can set different pages for controlling accesses to the
-MSI-X structure. The implementation of MSI support requires the PCI
-subsystem, not a device driver, to maintain full control of the MSI-X
-table/MSI-X PBA (Pending Bit Array) and MMIO address space of the MSI-X
-table/MSI-X PBA. A device driver is prohibited from requesting the MMIO
-address space of the MSI-X table/MSI-X PBA. Otherwise, the PCI subsystem
-will fail enabling MSI-X on its hardware device when it calls the function
-pci_enable_msix().
-
-5.3.2 API pci_enable_msix
-
-int pci_enable_msix(struct pci_dev *dev, struct msix_entry *entries, int nvec)
-
-This API enables a device driver to request the PCI subsystem
-to enable MSI-X messages on its hardware device. Depending on
-the availability of PCI vectors resources, the PCI subsystem enables
-either all or none of the requested vectors.
-
-Argument 'dev' points to the device (pci_dev) structure.
-
-Argument 'entries' is a pointer to an array of msix_entry structs.
-The number of entries is indicated in argument 'nvec'.
-struct msix_entry is defined in /driver/pci/msi.h:
-
-struct msix_entry {
- u16 vector; /* kernel uses to write alloc vector */
- u16 entry; /* driver uses to specify entry */
-};
-
-A device driver is responsible for initializing the field 'entry' of
-each element with a unique entry supported by MSI-X table. Otherwise,
--EINVAL will be returned as a result. A successful return of zero
-indicates the PCI subsystem completed initializing each of the requested
-entries of the MSI-X table with message address and message data.
-Last but not least, the PCI subsystem will write the 1:1
-vector-to-entry mapping into the field 'vector' of each element. A
-device driver is responsible for keeping track of allocated MSI-X
-vectors in its internal data structure.
-
-A return of zero indicates that the number of MSI-X vectors was
-successfully allocated. A return of greater than zero indicates
-MSI-X vector shortage. Or a return of less than zero indicates
-a failure. This failure may be a result of duplicate entries
-specified in second argument, or a result of no available vector,
-or a result of failing to initialize MSI-X table entries.
-
-5.3.3 API pci_disable_msix
-
-void pci_disable_msix(struct pci_dev *dev)
-
-This API should always be used to undo the effect of pci_enable_msix()
-when a device driver is unloading. Note that a device driver should
-always call free_irq() on all MSI-X vectors it has done request_irq()
-on before calling this API. Failure to do so results in a BUG_ON() and
-a device will be left with MSI-X enabled and leaks its vectors.
-
-5.3.4 MSI-X mode vs. legacy mode diagram
-
-The below diagram shows the events which switch the interrupt
-mode on the MSI-X capable device function between MSI-X mode and
-PIN-IRQ assertion mode (legacy).
-
- ------------ pci_enable_msix(,,n) ------------------------
- | | <=============== | |
- | MSI-X MODE | | PIN-IRQ ASSERTION MODE |
- | | ===============> | |
- ------------ pci_disable_msix ------------------------
-
-Figure 2. MSI-X Mode vs. Legacy Mode
-
-In Figure 2, a device operates by default in legacy mode. A
-successful MSI-X request (using pci_enable_msix()) switches a
-device's interrupt mode to MSI-X mode. A pre-assigned IOAPIC vector
-stored in dev->irq will be saved by the PCI subsystem; however,
-unlike MSI mode, the PCI subsystem will not replace dev->irq with
-assigned MSI-X vector because the PCI subsystem already writes the 1:1
-vector-to-entry mapping into the field 'vector' of each element
-specified in second argument.
-
-To return back to its default mode, a device driver should always call
-pci_disable_msix() to undo the effect of pci_enable_msix(). Note that
-a device driver should always call free_irq() on all MSI-X vectors it
-has done request_irq() on before calling pci_disable_msix(). Failure
-to do so results in a BUG_ON() and a device will be left with MSI-X
-enabled and leaks its vectors. Otherwise, the PCI subsystem switches a
-device function's interrupt mode from MSI-X mode to legacy mode and
-marks all allocated MSI-X vectors as unused.
-
-Once being marked as unused, there is no guarantee that the PCI
-subsystem will reserve these MSI-X vectors for a device. Depending on
-the availability of current PCI vector resources and the number of
-MSI/MSI-X requests from other drivers, these MSI-X vectors may be
-re-assigned.
-
-For the case where the PCI subsystem re-assigned these MSI-X vectors
-to other drivers, a request to switch back to MSI-X mode may result
-being assigned with another set of MSI-X vectors or a failure if no
-more vectors are available.
-
-5.4 Handling function implementing both MSI and MSI-X capabilities
-
-For the case where a function implements both MSI and MSI-X
-capabilities, the PCI subsystem enables a device to run either in MSI
-mode or MSI-X mode but not both. A device driver determines whether it
-wants MSI or MSI-X enabled on its hardware device. Once a device
-driver requests for MSI, for example, it is prohibited from requesting
-MSI-X; in other words, a device driver is not permitted to ping-pong
-between MSI mod MSI-X mode during a run-time.
-
-5.5 Hardware requirements for MSI/MSI-X support
-
-MSI/MSI-X support requires support from both system hardware and
-individual hardware device functions.
-
-5.5.1 Required x86 hardware support
-
-Since the target of MSI address is the local APIC CPU, enabling
-MSI/MSI-X support in the Linux kernel is dependent on whether existing
-system hardware supports local APIC. Users should verify that their
-system supports local APIC operation by testing that it runs when
-CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC=y.
-
-In SMP environment, CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC is automatically set;
-however, in UP environment, users must manually set
-CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC. Once CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC=y, setting
-CONFIG_PCI_MSI enables the VECTOR based scheme and the option for
-MSI-capable device drivers to selectively enable MSI/MSI-X.
-
-Note that CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC setting is irrelevant because MSI/MSI-X
-vector is allocated new during runtime and MSI/MSI-X support does not
-depend on BIOS support. This key independency enables MSI/MSI-X
-support on future IOxAPIC free platforms.
-
-5.5.2 Device hardware support
-
-The hardware device function supports MSI by indicating the
-MSI/MSI-X capability structure on its PCI capability list. By
-default, this capability structure will not be initialized by
-the kernel to enable MSI during the system boot. In other words,
-the device function is running on its default pin assertion mode.
-Note that in many cases the hardware supporting MSI have bugs,
-which may result in system hangs. The software driver of specific
-MSI-capable hardware is responsible for deciding whether to call
-pci_enable_msi or not. A return of zero indicates the kernel
-successfully initialized the MSI/MSI-X capability structure of the
-device function. The device function is now running on MSI/MSI-X mode.
-
-5.6 How to tell whether MSI/MSI-X is enabled on device function
-
-At the driver level, a return of zero from the function call of
-pci_enable_msi()/pci_enable_msix() indicates to a device driver that
-its device function is initialized successfully and ready to run in
-MSI/MSI-X mode.
-
-At the user level, users can use the command 'cat /proc/interrupts'
-to display the vectors allocated for devices and their interrupt
-MSI/MSI-X modes ("PCI-MSI"/"PCI-MSI-X"). Below shows MSI mode is
-enabled on a SCSI Adaptec 39320D Ultra320 controller.
-
- CPU0 CPU1
- 0: 324639 0 IO-APIC-edge timer
- 1: 1186 0 IO-APIC-edge i8042
- 2: 0 0 XT-PIC cascade
- 12: 2797 0 IO-APIC-edge i8042
- 14: 6543 0 IO-APIC-edge ide0
- 15: 1 0 IO-APIC-edge ide1
-169: 0 0 IO-APIC-level uhci-hcd
-185: 0 0 IO-APIC-level uhci-hcd
-193: 138 10 PCI-MSI aic79xx
-201: 30 0 PCI-MSI aic79xx
-225: 30 0 IO-APIC-level aic7xxx
-233: 30 0 IO-APIC-level aic7xxx
-NMI: 0 0
-LOC: 324553 325068
-ERR: 0
-MIS: 0
-
-6. MSI quirks
-
-Several PCI chipsets or devices are known to not support MSI.
-The PCI stack provides 3 possible levels of MSI disabling:
-* on a single device
-* on all devices behind a specific bridge
-* globally
-
-6.1. Disabling MSI on a single device
-
-Under some circumstances it might be required to disable MSI on a
-single device. This may be achieved by either not calling pci_enable_msi()
-or all, or setting the pci_dev->no_msi flag before (most of the time
-in a quirk).
-
-6.2. Disabling MSI below a bridge
-
-The vast majority of MSI quirks are required by PCI bridges not
-being able to route MSI between busses. In this case, MSI have to be
-disabled on all devices behind this bridge. It is achieves by setting
-the PCI_BUS_FLAGS_NO_MSI flag in the pci_bus->bus_flags of the bridge
-subordinate bus. There is no need to set the same flag on bridges that
-are below the broken bridge. When pci_enable_msi() is called to enable
-MSI on a device, pci_msi_supported() takes care of checking the NO_MSI
-flag in all parent busses of the device.
-
-Some bridges actually support dynamic MSI support enabling/disabling
-by changing some bits in their PCI configuration space (especially
-the Hypertransport chipsets such as the nVidia nForce and Serverworks
-HT2000). It may then be required to update the NO_MSI flag on the
-corresponding devices in the sysfs hierarchy. To enable MSI support
-on device "0000:00:0e", do:
-
- echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:0e/msi_bus
-
-To disable MSI support, echo 0 instead of 1. Note that it should be
-used with caution since changing this value might break interrupts.
-
-6.3. Disabling MSI globally
-
-Some extreme cases may require to disable MSI globally on the system.
-For now, the only known case is a Serverworks PCI-X chipsets (MSI are
-not supported on several busses that are not all connected to the
-chipset in the Linux PCI hierarchy). In the vast majority of other
-cases, disabling only behind a specific bridge is enough.
-
-For debugging purpose, the user may also pass pci=nomsi on the kernel
-command-line to explicitly disable MSI globally. But, once the appro-
-priate quirks are added to the kernel, this option should not be
-required anymore.
-
-6.4. Finding why MSI cannot be enabled on a device
-
-Assuming that MSI are not enabled on a device, you should look at
-dmesg to find messages that quirks may output when disabling MSI
-on some devices, some bridges or even globally.
-Then, lspci -t gives the list of bridges above a device. Reading
-/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:0e/msi_bus will tell you whether MSI
-are enabled (1) or disabled (0). In 0 is found in a single bridge
-msi_bus file above the device, MSI cannot be enabled.
-
-7. FAQ
-
-Q1. Are there any limitations on using the MSI?
-
-A1. If the PCI device supports MSI and conforms to the
-specification and the platform supports the APIC local bus,
-then using MSI should work.
-
-Q2. Will it work on all the Pentium processors (P3, P4, Xeon,
-AMD processors)? In P3 IPI's are transmitted on the APIC local
-bus and in P4 and Xeon they are transmitted on the system
-bus. Are there any implications with this?
-
-A2. MSI support enables a PCI device sending an inbound
-memory write (0xfeexxxxx as target address) on its PCI bus
-directly to the FSB. Since the message address has a
-redirection hint bit cleared, it should work.
-
-Q3. The target address 0xfeexxxxx will be translated by the
-Host Bridge into an interrupt message. Are there any
-limitations on the chipsets such as Intel 8xx, Intel e7xxx,
-or VIA?
-
-A3. If these chipsets support an inbound memory write with
-target address set as 0xfeexxxxx, as conformed to PCI
-specification 2.3 or latest, then it should work.
-
-Q4. From the driver point of view, if the MSI is lost because
-of errors occurring during inbound memory write, then it may
-wait forever. Is there a mechanism for it to recover?
-
-A4. Since the target of the transaction is an inbound memory
-write, all transaction termination conditions (Retry,
-Master-Abort, Target-Abort, or normal completion) are
-supported. A device sending an MSI must abide by all the PCI
-rules and conditions regarding that inbound memory write. So,
-if a retry is signaled it must retry, etc... We believe that
-the recommendation for Abort is also a retry (refer to PCI
-specification 2.3 or latest).
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index 94b945733534..3609cb86137b 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,204 @@
-obj-m := DocBook/ accounting/ auxdisplay/ connector/ \
- filesystems/configfs/ ia64/ networking/ \
- pcmcia/ spi/ video4linux/ vm/ watchdog/src/
+# -*- makefile -*-
+# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# for cleaning
+subdir- := devicetree/bindings
+
+ifneq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),cleandocs)
+# Check for broken documentation file references
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_WARN_MISSING_DOCUMENTS),y)
+$(shell $(srctree)/scripts/documentation-file-ref-check --warn)
+endif
+
+# Check for broken ABI files
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_WARN_ABI_ERRORS),y)
+$(shell $(srctree)/scripts/get_abi.py --dir $(srctree)/Documentation/ABI validate)
+endif
+endif
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line.
+SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build
+SPHINXOPTS =
+SPHINXDIRS = .
+DOCS_THEME =
+DOCS_CSS =
+_SPHINXDIRS = $(sort $(patsubst $(srctree)/Documentation/%/index.rst,%,$(wildcard $(srctree)/Documentation/*/index.rst)))
+SPHINX_CONF = conf.py
+PAPER =
+BUILDDIR = $(obj)/output
+PDFLATEX = xelatex
+LATEXOPTS = -interaction=batchmode -no-shell-escape
+
+# For denylisting "variable font" files
+# Can be overridden by setting as an env variable
+FONTS_CONF_DENY_VF ?= $(HOME)/deny-vf
+
+ifeq ($(findstring 1, $(KBUILD_VERBOSE)),)
+SPHINXOPTS += "-q"
+endif
+
+# User-friendly check for sphinx-build
+HAVE_SPHINX := $(shell if which $(SPHINXBUILD) >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi)
+
+ifeq ($(HAVE_SPHINX),0)
+
+.DEFAULT:
+ $(warning The '$(SPHINXBUILD)' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx installed and in PATH, or set the SPHINXBUILD make variable to point to the full path of the '$(SPHINXBUILD)' executable.)
+ @echo
+ @$(srctree)/scripts/sphinx-pre-install
+ @echo " SKIP Sphinx $@ target."
+
+else # HAVE_SPHINX
+
+# User-friendly check for pdflatex and latexmk
+HAVE_PDFLATEX := $(shell if which $(PDFLATEX) >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi)
+HAVE_LATEXMK := $(shell if which latexmk >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi)
+
+ifeq ($(HAVE_LATEXMK),1)
+ PDFLATEX := latexmk -$(PDFLATEX)
+endif #HAVE_LATEXMK
+
+# Internal variables.
+PAPEROPT_a4 = -D latex_elements.papersize=a4paper
+PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_elements.papersize=letterpaper
+ALLSPHINXOPTS = -D kerneldoc_srctree=$(srctree) -D kerneldoc_bin=$(KERNELDOC)
+ALLSPHINXOPTS += $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS)
+ifneq ($(wildcard $(srctree)/.config),)
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_RUST),y)
+ # Let Sphinx know we will include rustdoc
+ ALLSPHINXOPTS += -t rustdoc
+endif
+endif
+# the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
+I18NSPHINXOPTS = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
+
+# commands; the 'cmd' from scripts/Kbuild.include is not *loopable*
+loop_cmd = $(echo-cmd) $(cmd_$(1)) || exit;
+
+# $2 sphinx builder e.g. "html"
+# $3 name of the build subfolder / e.g. "userspace-api/media", used as:
+# * dest folder relative to $(BUILDDIR) and
+# * cache folder relative to $(BUILDDIR)/.doctrees
+# $4 dest subfolder e.g. "man" for man pages at userspace-api/media/man
+# $5 reST source folder relative to $(src),
+# e.g. "userspace-api/media" for the linux-tv book-set at ./Documentation/userspace-api/media
+
+PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX ?= $(abspath $(BUILDDIR)/__pycache__)
+
+quiet_cmd_sphinx = SPHINX $@ --> file://$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)/$3/$4)
+ cmd_sphinx = \
+ PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX="$(PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX)" \
+ BUILDDIR=$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)) SPHINX_CONF=$(abspath $(src)/$5/$(SPHINX_CONF)) \
+ $(PYTHON3) $(srctree)/scripts/jobserver-exec \
+ $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/Documentation/sphinx/parallel-wrapper.sh \
+ $(SPHINXBUILD) \
+ -b $2 \
+ -c $(abspath $(src)) \
+ -d $(abspath $(BUILDDIR)/.doctrees/$3) \
+ -D version=$(KERNELVERSION) -D release=$(KERNELRELEASE) \
+ $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) \
+ $(abspath $(src)/$5) \
+ $(abspath $(BUILDDIR)/$3/$4) && \
+ if [ "x$(DOCS_CSS)" != "x" ]; then \
+ cp $(if $(patsubst /%,,$(DOCS_CSS)),$(abspath $(srctree)/$(DOCS_CSS)),$(DOCS_CSS)) $(BUILDDIR)/$3/_static/; \
+ fi
+
+htmldocs:
+ @$(srctree)/scripts/sphinx-pre-install --version-check
+ @+$(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS),$(call loop_cmd,sphinx,html,$(var),,$(var)))
+
+htmldocs-redirects: $(srctree)/Documentation/.renames.txt
+ @tools/docs/gen-redirects.py --output $(BUILDDIR) < $<
+
+# If Rust support is available and .config exists, add rustdoc generated contents.
+# If there are any, the errors from this make rustdoc will be displayed but
+# won't stop the execution of htmldocs
+
+ifneq ($(wildcard $(srctree)/.config),)
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_RUST),y)
+ $(Q)$(MAKE) rustdoc || true
+endif
+endif
+
+texinfodocs:
+ @$(srctree)/scripts/sphinx-pre-install --version-check
+ @+$(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS),$(call loop_cmd,sphinx,texinfo,$(var),texinfo,$(var)))
+
+# Note: the 'info' Make target is generated by sphinx itself when
+# running the texinfodocs target define above.
+infodocs: texinfodocs
+ $(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info
+
+linkcheckdocs:
+ @$(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS),$(call loop_cmd,sphinx,linkcheck,$(var),,$(var)))
+
+latexdocs:
+ @$(srctree)/scripts/sphinx-pre-install --version-check
+ @+$(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS),$(call loop_cmd,sphinx,latex,$(var),latex,$(var)))
+
+ifeq ($(HAVE_PDFLATEX),0)
+
+pdfdocs:
+ $(warning The '$(PDFLATEX)' command was not found. Make sure you have it installed and in PATH to produce PDF output.)
+ @echo " SKIP Sphinx $@ target."
+
+else # HAVE_PDFLATEX
+
+pdfdocs: DENY_VF = XDG_CONFIG_HOME=$(FONTS_CONF_DENY_VF)
+pdfdocs: latexdocs
+ @$(srctree)/scripts/sphinx-pre-install --version-check
+ $(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS), \
+ $(MAKE) PDFLATEX="$(PDFLATEX)" LATEXOPTS="$(LATEXOPTS)" $(DENY_VF) -C $(BUILDDIR)/$(var)/latex || sh $(srctree)/scripts/check-variable-fonts.sh || exit; \
+ mkdir -p $(BUILDDIR)/$(var)/pdf; \
+ mv $(subst .tex,.pdf,$(wildcard $(BUILDDIR)/$(var)/latex/*.tex)) $(BUILDDIR)/$(var)/pdf/; \
+ )
+
+endif # HAVE_PDFLATEX
+
+epubdocs:
+ @$(srctree)/scripts/sphinx-pre-install --version-check
+ @+$(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS),$(call loop_cmd,sphinx,epub,$(var),epub,$(var)))
+
+xmldocs:
+ @$(srctree)/scripts/sphinx-pre-install --version-check
+ @+$(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS),$(call loop_cmd,sphinx,xml,$(var),xml,$(var)))
+
+endif # HAVE_SPHINX
+
+# The following targets are independent of HAVE_SPHINX, and the rules should
+# work or silently pass without Sphinx.
+
+refcheckdocs:
+ $(Q)cd $(srctree);scripts/documentation-file-ref-check
+
+cleandocs:
+ $(Q)rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)
+
+dochelp:
+ @echo ' Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats from ReST:'
+ @echo ' htmldocs - HTML'
+ @echo ' htmldocs-redirects - generate HTML redirects for moved pages'
+ @echo ' texinfodocs - Texinfo'
+ @echo ' infodocs - Info'
+ @echo ' latexdocs - LaTeX'
+ @echo ' pdfdocs - PDF'
+ @echo ' epubdocs - EPUB'
+ @echo ' xmldocs - XML'
+ @echo ' linkcheckdocs - check for broken external links'
+ @echo ' (will connect to external hosts)'
+ @echo ' refcheckdocs - check for references to non-existing files under'
+ @echo ' Documentation'
+ @echo ' cleandocs - clean all generated files'
+ @echo
+ @echo ' make SPHINXDIRS="s1 s2" [target] Generate only docs of folder s1, s2'
+ @echo ' valid values for SPHINXDIRS are: $(_SPHINXDIRS)'
+ @echo
+ @echo ' make SPHINX_CONF={conf-file} [target] use *additional* sphinx-build'
+ @echo ' configuration. This is e.g. useful to build with nit-picking config.'
+ @echo
+ @echo ' make DOCS_THEME={sphinx-theme} selects a different Sphinx theme.'
+ @echo
+ @echo ' make DOCS_CSS={a .css file} adds a DOCS_CSS override file for html/epub output.'
+ @echo
+ @echo ' Default location for the generated documents is Documentation/output'
diff --git a/Documentation/ManagementStyle b/Documentation/ManagementStyle
deleted file mode 100644
index 49a8efa5afeb..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/ManagementStyle
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-
- Linux kernel management style
-
-This is a short document describing the preferred (or made up, depending
-on who you ask) management style for the linux kernel. It's meant to
-mirror the CodingStyle document to some degree, and mainly written to
-avoid answering (*) the same (or similar) questions over and over again.
-
-Management style is very personal and much harder to quantify than
-simple coding style rules, so this document may or may not have anything
-to do with reality. It started as a lark, but that doesn't mean that it
-might not actually be true. You'll have to decide for yourself.
-
-Btw, when talking about "kernel manager", it's all about the technical
-lead persons, not the people who do traditional management inside
-companies. If you sign purchase orders or you have any clue about the
-budget of your group, you're almost certainly not a kernel manager.
-These suggestions may or may not apply to you.
-
-First off, I'd suggest buying "Seven Habits of Highly Successful
-People", and NOT read it. Burn it, it's a great symbolic gesture.
-
-(*) This document does so not so much by answering the question, but by
-making it painfully obvious to the questioner that we don't have a clue
-to what the answer is.
-
-Anyway, here goes:
-
-
- Chapter 1: Decisions
-
-Everybody thinks managers make decisions, and that decision-making is
-important. The bigger and more painful the decision, the bigger the
-manager must be to make it. That's very deep and obvious, but it's not
-actually true.
-
-The name of the game is to _avoid_ having to make a decision. In
-particular, if somebody tells you "choose (a) or (b), we really need you
-to decide on this", you're in trouble as a manager. The people you
-manage had better know the details better than you, so if they come to
-you for a technical decision, you're screwed. You're clearly not
-competent to make that decision for them.
-
-(Corollary:if the people you manage don't know the details better than
-you, you're also screwed, although for a totally different reason.
-Namely that you are in the wrong job, and that _they_ should be managing
-your brilliance instead).
-
-So the name of the game is to _avoid_ decisions, at least the big and
-painful ones. Making small and non-consequential decisions is fine, and
-makes you look like you know what you're doing, so what a kernel manager
-needs to do is to turn the big and painful ones into small things where
-nobody really cares.
-
-It helps to realize that the key difference between a big decision and a
-small one is whether you can fix your decision afterwards. Any decision
-can be made small by just always making sure that if you were wrong (and
-you _will_ be wrong), you can always undo the damage later by
-backtracking. Suddenly, you get to be doubly managerial for making
-_two_ inconsequential decisions - the wrong one _and_ the right one.
-
-And people will even see that as true leadership (*cough* bullshit
-*cough*).
-
-Thus the key to avoiding big decisions becomes to just avoiding to do
-things that can't be undone. Don't get ushered into a corner from which
-you cannot escape. A cornered rat may be dangerous - a cornered manager
-is just pitiful.
-
-It turns out that since nobody would be stupid enough to ever really let
-a kernel manager have huge fiscal responsibility _anyway_, it's usually
-fairly easy to backtrack. Since you're not going to be able to waste
-huge amounts of money that you might not be able to repay, the only
-thing you can backtrack on is a technical decision, and there
-back-tracking is very easy: just tell everybody that you were an
-incompetent nincompoop, say you're sorry, and undo all the worthless
-work you had people work on for the last year. Suddenly the decision
-you made a year ago wasn't a big decision after all, since it could be
-easily undone.
-
-It turns out that some people have trouble with this approach, for two
-reasons:
- - admitting you were an idiot is harder than it looks. We all like to
- maintain appearances, and coming out in public to say that you were
- wrong is sometimes very hard indeed.
- - having somebody tell you that what you worked on for the last year
- wasn't worthwhile after all can be hard on the poor lowly engineers
- too, and while the actual _work_ was easy enough to undo by just
- deleting it, you may have irrevocably lost the trust of that
- engineer. And remember: "irrevocable" was what we tried to avoid in
- the first place, and your decision ended up being a big one after
- all.
-
-Happily, both of these reasons can be mitigated effectively by just
-admitting up-front that you don't have a friggin' clue, and telling
-people ahead of the fact that your decision is purely preliminary, and
-might be the wrong thing. You should always reserve the right to change
-your mind, and make people very _aware_ of that. And it's much easier
-to admit that you are stupid when you haven't _yet_ done the really
-stupid thing.
-
-Then, when it really does turn out to be stupid, people just roll their
-eyes and say "Oops, he did it again".
-
-This preemptive admission of incompetence might also make the people who
-actually do the work also think twice about whether it's worth doing or
-not. After all, if _they_ aren't certain whether it's a good idea, you
-sure as hell shouldn't encourage them by promising them that what they
-work on will be included. Make them at least think twice before they
-embark on a big endeavor.
-
-Remember: they'd better know more about the details than you do, and
-they usually already think they have the answer to everything. The best
-thing you can do as a manager is not to instill confidence, but rather a
-healthy dose of critical thinking on what they do.
-
-Btw, another way to avoid a decision is to plaintively just whine "can't
-we just do both?" and look pitiful. Trust me, it works. If it's not
-clear which approach is better, they'll eventually figure it out. The
-answer may end up being that both teams get so frustrated by the
-situation that they just give up.
-
-That may sound like a failure, but it's usually a sign that there was
-something wrong with both projects, and the reason the people involved
-couldn't decide was that they were both wrong. You end up coming up
-smelling like roses, and you avoided yet another decision that you could
-have screwed up on.
-
-
- Chapter 2: People
-
-Most people are idiots, and being a manager means you'll have to deal
-with it, and perhaps more importantly, that _they_ have to deal with
-_you_.
-
-It turns out that while it's easy to undo technical mistakes, it's not
-as easy to undo personality disorders. You just have to live with
-theirs - and yours.
-
-However, in order to prepare yourself as a kernel manager, it's best to
-remember not to burn any bridges, bomb any innocent villagers, or
-alienate too many kernel developers. It turns out that alienating people
-is fairly easy, and un-alienating them is hard. Thus "alienating"
-immediately falls under the heading of "not reversible", and becomes a
-no-no according to Chapter 1.
-
-There's just a few simple rules here:
- (1) don't call people d*ckheads (at least not in public)
- (2) learn how to apologize when you forgot rule (1)
-
-The problem with #1 is that it's very easy to do, since you can say
-"you're a d*ckhead" in millions of different ways (*), sometimes without
-even realizing it, and almost always with a white-hot conviction that
-you are right.
-
-And the more convinced you are that you are right (and let's face it,
-you can call just about _anybody_ a d*ckhead, and you often _will_ be
-right), the harder it ends up being to apologize afterwards.
-
-To solve this problem, you really only have two options:
- - get really good at apologies
- - spread the "love" out so evenly that nobody really ends up feeling
- like they get unfairly targeted. Make it inventive enough, and they
- might even be amused.
-
-The option of being unfailingly polite really doesn't exist. Nobody will
-trust somebody who is so clearly hiding his true character.
-
-(*) Paul Simon sang "Fifty Ways to Leave Your Lover", because quite
-frankly, "A Million Ways to Tell a Developer He Is a D*ckhead" doesn't
-scan nearly as well. But I'm sure he thought about it.
-
-
- Chapter 3: People II - the Good Kind
-
-While it turns out that most people are idiots, the corollary to that is
-sadly that you are one too, and that while we can all bask in the secure
-knowledge that we're better than the average person (let's face it,
-nobody ever believes that they're average or below-average), we should
-also admit that we're not the sharpest knife around, and there will be
-other people that are less of an idiot that you are.
-
-Some people react badly to smart people. Others take advantage of them.
-
-Make sure that you, as a kernel maintainer, are in the second group.
-Suck up to them, because they are the people who will make your job
-easier. In particular, they'll be able to make your decisions for you,
-which is what the game is all about.
-
-So when you find somebody smarter than you are, just coast along. Your
-management responsibilities largely become ones of saying "Sounds like a
-good idea - go wild", or "That sounds good, but what about xxx?". The
-second version in particular is a great way to either learn something
-new about "xxx" or seem _extra_ managerial by pointing out something the
-smarter person hadn't thought about. In either case, you win.
-
-One thing to look out for is to realize that greatness in one area does
-not necessarily translate to other areas. So you might prod people in
-specific directions, but let's face it, they might be good at what they
-do, and suck at everything else. The good news is that people tend to
-naturally gravitate back to what they are good at, so it's not like you
-are doing something irreversible when you _do_ prod them in some
-direction, just don't push too hard.
-
-
- Chapter 4: Placing blame
-
-Things will go wrong, and people want somebody to blame. Tag, you're it.
-
-It's not actually that hard to accept the blame, especially if people
-kind of realize that it wasn't _all_ your fault. Which brings us to the
-best way of taking the blame: do it for another guy. You'll feel good
-for taking the fall, he'll feel good about not getting blamed, and the
-guy who lost his whole 36GB porn-collection because of your incompetence
-will grudgingly admit that you at least didn't try to weasel out of it.
-
-Then make the developer who really screwed up (if you can find him) know
-_in_private_ that he screwed up. Not just so he can avoid it in the
-future, but so that he knows he owes you one. And, perhaps even more
-importantly, he's also likely the person who can fix it. Because, let's
-face it, it sure ain't you.
-
-Taking the blame is also why you get to be manager in the first place.
-It's part of what makes people trust you, and allow you the potential
-glory, because you're the one who gets to say "I screwed up". And if
-you've followed the previous rules, you'll be pretty good at saying that
-by now.
-
-
- Chapter 5: Things to avoid
-
-There's one thing people hate even more than being called "d*ckhead",
-and that is being called a "d*ckhead" in a sanctimonious voice. The
-first you can apologize for, the second one you won't really get the
-chance. They likely will no longer be listening even if you otherwise
-do a good job.
-
-We all think we're better than anybody else, which means that when
-somebody else puts on airs, it _really_ rubs us the wrong way. You may
-be morally and intellectually superior to everybody around you, but
-don't try to make it too obvious unless you really _intend_ to irritate
-somebody (*).
-
-Similarly, don't be too polite or subtle about things. Politeness easily
-ends up going overboard and hiding the problem, and as they say, "On the
-internet, nobody can hear you being subtle". Use a big blunt object to
-hammer the point in, because you can't really depend on people getting
-your point otherwise.
-
-Some humor can help pad both the bluntness and the moralizing. Going
-overboard to the point of being ridiculous can drive a point home
-without making it painful to the recipient, who just thinks you're being
-silly. It can thus help get through the personal mental block we all
-have about criticism.
-
-(*) Hint: internet newsgroups that are not directly related to your work
-are great ways to take out your frustrations at other people. Write
-insulting posts with a sneer just to get into a good flame every once in
-a while, and you'll feel cleansed. Just don't crap too close to home.
-
-
- Chapter 6: Why me?
-
-Since your main responsibility seems to be to take the blame for other
-peoples mistakes, and make it painfully obvious to everybody else that
-you're incompetent, the obvious question becomes one of why do it in the
-first place?
-
-First off, while you may or may not get screaming teenage girls (or
-boys, let's not be judgmental or sexist here) knocking on your dressing
-room door, you _will_ get an immense feeling of personal accomplishment
-for being "in charge". Never mind the fact that you're really leading
-by trying to keep up with everybody else and running after them as fast
-as you can. Everybody will still think you're the person in charge.
-
-It's a great job if you can hack it.
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX b/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX
deleted file mode 100644
index 49f43946c6b6..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-00-INDEX
- - this file
-PCI-DMA-mapping.txt
- - info for PCI drivers using DMA portably across all platforms
-PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt
- - a guide describing the PCI Express Port Bus driver
-pci-error-recovery.txt
- - info on PCI error recovery
-pci.txt
- - info on the PCI subsystem for device driver authors
-pcieaer-howto.txt
- - the PCI Express Advanced Error Reporting Driver Guide HOWTO
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/PCI/PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a07e38631b0..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/PCI/PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,217 +0,0 @@
- The PCI Express Port Bus Driver Guide HOWTO
- Tom L Nguyen tom.l.nguyen@intel.com
- 11/03/2004
-
-1. About this guide
-
-This guide describes the basics of the PCI Express Port Bus driver
-and provides information on how to enable the service drivers to
-register/unregister with the PCI Express Port Bus Driver.
-
-2. Copyright 2004 Intel Corporation
-
-3. What is the PCI Express Port Bus Driver
-
-A PCI Express Port is a logical PCI-PCI Bridge structure. There
-are two types of PCI Express Port: the Root Port and the Switch
-Port. The Root Port originates a PCI Express link from a PCI Express
-Root Complex and the Switch Port connects PCI Express links to
-internal logical PCI buses. The Switch Port, which has its secondary
-bus representing the switch's internal routing logic, is called the
-switch's Upstream Port. The switch's Downstream Port is bridging from
-switch's internal routing bus to a bus representing the downstream
-PCI Express link from the PCI Express Switch.
-
-A PCI Express Port can provide up to four distinct functions,
-referred to in this document as services, depending on its port type.
-PCI Express Port's services include native hotplug support (HP),
-power management event support (PME), advanced error reporting
-support (AER), and virtual channel support (VC). These services may
-be handled by a single complex driver or be individually distributed
-and handled by corresponding service drivers.
-
-4. Why use the PCI Express Port Bus Driver?
-
-In existing Linux kernels, the Linux Device Driver Model allows a
-physical device to be handled by only a single driver. The PCI
-Express Port is a PCI-PCI Bridge device with multiple distinct
-services. To maintain a clean and simple solution each service
-may have its own software service driver. In this case several
-service drivers will compete for a single PCI-PCI Bridge device.
-For example, if the PCI Express Root Port native hotplug service
-driver is loaded first, it claims a PCI-PCI Bridge Root Port. The
-kernel therefore does not load other service drivers for that Root
-Port. In other words, it is impossible to have multiple service
-drivers load and run on a PCI-PCI Bridge device simultaneously
-using the current driver model.
-
-To enable multiple service drivers running simultaneously requires
-having a PCI Express Port Bus driver, which manages all populated
-PCI Express Ports and distributes all provided service requests
-to the corresponding service drivers as required. Some key
-advantages of using the PCI Express Port Bus driver are listed below:
-
- - Allow multiple service drivers to run simultaneously on
- a PCI-PCI Bridge Port device.
-
- - Allow service drivers implemented in an independent
- staged approach.
-
- - Allow one service driver to run on multiple PCI-PCI Bridge
- Port devices.
-
- - Manage and distribute resources of a PCI-PCI Bridge Port
- device to requested service drivers.
-
-5. Configuring the PCI Express Port Bus Driver vs. Service Drivers
-
-5.1 Including the PCI Express Port Bus Driver Support into the Kernel
-
-Including the PCI Express Port Bus driver depends on whether the PCI
-Express support is included in the kernel config. The kernel will
-automatically include the PCI Express Port Bus driver as a kernel
-driver when the PCI Express support is enabled in the kernel.
-
-5.2 Enabling Service Driver Support
-
-PCI device drivers are implemented based on Linux Device Driver Model.
-All service drivers are PCI device drivers. As discussed above, it is
-impossible to load any service driver once the kernel has loaded the
-PCI Express Port Bus Driver. To meet the PCI Express Port Bus Driver
-Model requires some minimal changes on existing service drivers that
-imposes no impact on the functionality of existing service drivers.
-
-A service driver is required to use the two APIs shown below to
-register its service with the PCI Express Port Bus driver (see
-section 5.2.1 & 5.2.2). It is important that a service driver
-initializes the pcie_port_service_driver data structure, included in
-header file /include/linux/pcieport_if.h, before calling these APIs.
-Failure to do so will result an identity mismatch, which prevents
-the PCI Express Port Bus driver from loading a service driver.
-
-5.2.1 pcie_port_service_register
-
-int pcie_port_service_register(struct pcie_port_service_driver *new)
-
-This API replaces the Linux Driver Model's pci_module_init API. A
-service driver should always calls pcie_port_service_register at
-module init. Note that after service driver being loaded, calls
-such as pci_enable_device(dev) and pci_set_master(dev) are no longer
-necessary since these calls are executed by the PCI Port Bus driver.
-
-5.2.2 pcie_port_service_unregister
-
-void pcie_port_service_unregister(struct pcie_port_service_driver *new)
-
-pcie_port_service_unregister replaces the Linux Driver Model's
-pci_unregister_driver. It's always called by service driver when a
-module exits.
-
-5.2.3 Sample Code
-
-Below is sample service driver code to initialize the port service
-driver data structure.
-
-static struct pcie_port_service_id service_id[] = { {
- .vendor = PCI_ANY_ID,
- .device = PCI_ANY_ID,
- .port_type = PCIE_RC_PORT,
- .service_type = PCIE_PORT_SERVICE_AER,
- }, { /* end: all zeroes */ }
-};
-
-static struct pcie_port_service_driver root_aerdrv = {
- .name = (char *)device_name,
- .id_table = &service_id[0],
-
- .probe = aerdrv_load,
- .remove = aerdrv_unload,
-
- .suspend = aerdrv_suspend,
- .resume = aerdrv_resume,
-};
-
-Below is a sample code for registering/unregistering a service
-driver.
-
-static int __init aerdrv_service_init(void)
-{
- int retval = 0;
-
- retval = pcie_port_service_register(&root_aerdrv);
- if (!retval) {
- /*
- * FIX ME
- */
- }
- return retval;
-}
-
-static void __exit aerdrv_service_exit(void)
-{
- pcie_port_service_unregister(&root_aerdrv);
-}
-
-module_init(aerdrv_service_init);
-module_exit(aerdrv_service_exit);
-
-6. Possible Resource Conflicts
-
-Since all service drivers of a PCI-PCI Bridge Port device are
-allowed to run simultaneously, below lists a few of possible resource
-conflicts with proposed solutions.
-
-6.1 MSI Vector Resource
-
-The MSI capability structure enables a device software driver to call
-pci_enable_msi to request MSI based interrupts. Once MSI interrupts
-are enabled on a device, it stays in this mode until a device driver
-calls pci_disable_msi to disable MSI interrupts and revert back to
-INTx emulation mode. Since service drivers of the same PCI-PCI Bridge
-port share the same physical device, if an individual service driver
-calls pci_enable_msi/pci_disable_msi it may result unpredictable
-behavior. For example, two service drivers run simultaneously on the
-same physical Root Port. Both service drivers call pci_enable_msi to
-request MSI based interrupts. A service driver may not know whether
-any other service drivers have run on this Root Port. If either one
-of them calls pci_disable_msi, it puts the other service driver
-in a wrong interrupt mode.
-
-To avoid this situation all service drivers are not permitted to
-switch interrupt mode on its device. The PCI Express Port Bus driver
-is responsible for determining the interrupt mode and this should be
-transparent to service drivers. Service drivers need to know only
-the vector IRQ assigned to the field irq of struct pcie_device, which
-is passed in when the PCI Express Port Bus driver probes each service
-driver. Service drivers should use (struct pcie_device*)dev->irq to
-call request_irq/free_irq. In addition, the interrupt mode is stored
-in the field interrupt_mode of struct pcie_device.
-
-6.2 MSI-X Vector Resources
-
-Similar to the MSI a device driver for an MSI-X capable device can
-call pci_enable_msix to request MSI-X interrupts. All service drivers
-are not permitted to switch interrupt mode on its device. The PCI
-Express Port Bus driver is responsible for determining the interrupt
-mode and this should be transparent to service drivers. Any attempt
-by service driver to call pci_enable_msix/pci_disable_msix may
-result unpredictable behavior. Service drivers should use
-(struct pcie_device*)dev->irq and call request_irq/free_irq.
-
-6.3 PCI Memory/IO Mapped Regions
-
-Service drivers for PCI Express Power Management (PME), Advanced
-Error Reporting (AER), Hot-Plug (HP) and Virtual Channel (VC) access
-PCI configuration space on the PCI Express port. In all cases the
-registers accessed are independent of each other. This patch assumes
-that all service drivers will be well behaved and not overwrite
-other service driver's configuration settings.
-
-6.4 PCI Config Registers
-
-Each service driver runs its PCI config operations on its own
-capability structure except the PCI Express capability structure, in
-which Root Control register and Device Control register are shared
-between PME and AER. This patch assumes that all service drivers
-will be well behaved and not overwrite other service driver's
-configuration settings.
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.rst b/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..34c64a5a66ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+========================================
+ACPI considerations for PCI host bridges
+========================================
+
+The general rule is that the ACPI namespace should describe everything the
+OS might use unless there's another way for the OS to find it [1, 2].
+
+For example, there's no standard hardware mechanism for enumerating PCI
+host bridges, so the ACPI namespace must describe each host bridge, the
+method for accessing PCI config space below it, the address space windows
+the host bridge forwards to PCI (using _CRS), and the routing of legacy
+INTx interrupts (using _PRT).
+
+PCI devices, which are below the host bridge, generally do not need to be
+described via ACPI. The OS can discover them via the standard PCI
+enumeration mechanism, using config accesses to discover and identify
+devices and read and size their BARs. However, ACPI may describe PCI
+devices if it provides power management or hotplug functionality for them
+or if the device has INTx interrupts connected by platform interrupt
+controllers and a _PRT is needed to describe those connections.
+
+ACPI resource description is done via _CRS objects of devices in the ACPI
+namespace [2]. The _CRS is like a generalized PCI BAR: the OS can read
+_CRS and figure out what resource is being consumed even if it doesn't have
+a driver for the device [3]. That's important because it means an old OS
+can work correctly even on a system with new devices unknown to the OS.
+The new devices might not do anything, but the OS can at least make sure no
+resources conflict with them.
+
+Static tables like MCFG, HPET, ECDT, etc., are *not* mechanisms for
+reserving address space. The static tables are for things the OS needs to
+know early in boot, before it can parse the ACPI namespace. If a new table
+is defined, an old OS needs to operate correctly even though it ignores the
+table. _CRS allows that because it is generic and understood by the old
+OS; a static table does not.
+
+If the OS is expected to manage a non-discoverable device described via
+ACPI, that device will have a specific _HID/_CID that tells the OS what
+driver to bind to it, and the _CRS tells the OS and the driver where the
+device's registers are.
+
+PCI host bridges are PNP0A03 or PNP0A08 devices. Their _CRS should
+describe all the address space they consume. This includes all the windows
+they forward down to the PCI bus, as well as registers of the host bridge
+itself that are not forwarded to PCI. The host bridge registers include
+things like secondary/subordinate bus registers that determine the bus
+range below the bridge, window registers that describe the apertures, etc.
+These are all device-specific, non-architected things, so the only way a
+PNP0A03/PNP0A08 driver can manage them is via _PRS/_CRS/_SRS, which contain
+the device-specific details. The host bridge registers also include ECAM
+space, since it is consumed by the host bridge.
+
+ACPI defines a Consumer/Producer bit to distinguish the bridge registers
+("Consumer") from the bridge apertures ("Producer") [4, 5], but early
+BIOSes didn't use that bit correctly. The result is that the current ACPI
+spec defines Consumer/Producer only for the Extended Address Space
+descriptors; the bit should be ignored in the older QWord/DWord/Word
+Address Space descriptors. Consequently, OSes have to assume all
+QWord/DWord/Word descriptors are windows.
+
+Prior to the addition of Extended Address Space descriptors, the failure of
+Consumer/Producer meant there was no way to describe bridge registers in
+the PNP0A03/PNP0A08 device itself. The workaround was to describe the
+bridge registers (including ECAM space) in PNP0C02 catch-all devices [6].
+With the exception of ECAM, the bridge register space is device-specific
+anyway, so the generic PNP0A03/PNP0A08 driver (pci_root.c) has no need to
+know about it.
+
+New architectures should be able to use "Consumer" Extended Address Space
+descriptors in the PNP0A03 device for bridge registers, including ECAM,
+although a strict interpretation of [6] might prohibit this. Old x86 and
+ia64 kernels assume all address space descriptors, including "Consumer"
+Extended Address Space ones, are windows, so it would not be safe to
+describe bridge registers this way on those architectures.
+
+PNP0C02 "motherboard" devices are basically a catch-all. There's no
+programming model for them other than "don't use these resources for
+anything else." So a PNP0C02 _CRS should claim any address space that is
+(1) not claimed by _CRS under any other device object in the ACPI namespace
+and (2) should not be assigned by the OS to something else.
+
+The PCIe spec requires the Enhanced Configuration Access Method (ECAM)
+unless there's a standard firmware interface for config access, e.g., the
+ia64 SAL interface [7]. A host bridge consumes ECAM memory address space
+and converts memory accesses into PCI configuration accesses. The spec
+defines the ECAM address space layout and functionality; only the base of
+the address space is device-specific. An ACPI OS learns the base address
+from either the static MCFG table or a _CBA method in the PNP0A03 device.
+
+The MCFG table must describe the ECAM space of non-hot pluggable host
+bridges [8]. Since MCFG is a static table and can't be updated by hotplug,
+a _CBA method in the PNP0A03 device describes the ECAM space of a
+hot-pluggable host bridge [9]. Note that for both MCFG and _CBA, the base
+address always corresponds to bus 0, even if the bus range below the bridge
+(which is reported via _CRS) doesn't start at 0.
+
+
+[1] ACPI 6.2, sec 6.1:
+ For any device that is on a non-enumerable type of bus (for example, an
+ ISA bus), OSPM enumerates the devices' identifier(s) and the ACPI
+ system firmware must supply an _HID object ... for each device to
+ enable OSPM to do that.
+
+[2] ACPI 6.2, sec 3.7:
+ The OS enumerates motherboard devices simply by reading through the
+ ACPI Namespace looking for devices with hardware IDs.
+
+ Each device enumerated by ACPI includes ACPI-defined objects in the
+ ACPI Namespace that report the hardware resources the device could
+ occupy [_PRS], an object that reports the resources that are currently
+ used by the device [_CRS], and objects for configuring those resources
+ [_SRS]. The information is used by the Plug and Play OS (OSPM) to
+ configure the devices.
+
+[3] ACPI 6.2, sec 6.2:
+ OSPM uses device configuration objects to configure hardware resources
+ for devices enumerated via ACPI. Device configuration objects provide
+ information about current and possible resource requirements, the
+ relationship between shared resources, and methods for configuring
+ hardware resources.
+
+ When OSPM enumerates a device, it calls _PRS to determine the resource
+ requirements of the device. It may also call _CRS to find the current
+ resource settings for the device. Using this information, the Plug and
+ Play system determines what resources the device should consume and
+ sets those resources by calling the device’s _SRS control method.
+
+ In ACPI, devices can consume resources (for example, legacy keyboards),
+ provide resources (for example, a proprietary PCI bridge), or do both.
+ Unless otherwise specified, resources for a device are assumed to be
+ taken from the nearest matching resource above the device in the device
+ hierarchy.
+
+[4] ACPI 6.2, sec 6.4.3.5.1, 2, 3, 4:
+ QWord/DWord/Word Address Space Descriptor (.1, .2, .3)
+ General Flags: Bit [0] Ignored
+
+ Extended Address Space Descriptor (.4)
+ General Flags: Bit [0] Consumer/Producer:
+
+ * 1 – This device consumes this resource
+ * 0 – This device produces and consumes this resource
+
+[5] ACPI 6.2, sec 19.6.43:
+ ResourceUsage specifies whether the Memory range is consumed by
+ this device (ResourceConsumer) or passed on to child devices
+ (ResourceProducer). If nothing is specified, then
+ ResourceConsumer is assumed.
+
+[6] PCI Firmware 3.2, sec 4.1.2:
+ If the operating system does not natively comprehend reserving the
+ MMCFG region, the MMCFG region must be reserved by firmware. The
+ address range reported in the MCFG table or by _CBA method (see Section
+ 4.1.3) must be reserved by declaring a motherboard resource. For most
+ systems, the motherboard resource would appear at the root of the ACPI
+ namespace (under \_SB) in a node with a _HID of EISAID (PNP0C02), and
+ the resources in this case should not be claimed in the root PCI bus’s
+ _CRS. The resources can optionally be returned in Int15 E820 or
+ EFIGetMemoryMap as reserved memory but must always be reported through
+ ACPI as a motherboard resource.
+
+[7] PCI Express 4.0, sec 7.2.2:
+ For systems that are PC-compatible, or that do not implement a
+ processor-architecture-specific firmware interface standard that allows
+ access to the Configuration Space, the ECAM is required as defined in
+ this section.
+
+[8] PCI Firmware 3.2, sec 4.1.2:
+ The MCFG table is an ACPI table that is used to communicate the base
+ addresses corresponding to the non-hot removable PCI Segment Groups
+ range within a PCI Segment Group available to the operating system at
+ boot. This is required for the PC-compatible systems.
+
+ The MCFG table is only used to communicate the base addresses
+ corresponding to the PCI Segment Groups available to the system at
+ boot.
+
+[9] PCI Firmware 3.2, sec 4.1.3:
+ The _CBA (Memory mapped Configuration Base Address) control method is
+ an optional ACPI object that returns the 64-bit memory mapped
+ configuration base address for the hot plug capable host bridge. The
+ base address returned by _CBA is processor-relative address. The _CBA
+ control method evaluates to an Integer.
+
+ This control method appears under a host bridge object. When the _CBA
+ method appears under an active host bridge object, the operating system
+ evaluates this structure to identify the memory mapped configuration
+ base address corresponding to the PCI Segment Group for the bus number
+ range specified in _CRS method. An ACPI name space object that contains
+ the _CBA method must also contain a corresponding _SEG method.
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/boot-interrupts.rst b/Documentation/PCI/boot-interrupts.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..931077bb0953
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/boot-interrupts.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===============
+Boot Interrupts
+===============
+
+:Author: - Sean V Kelley <sean.v.kelley@linux.intel.com>
+
+Overview
+========
+
+On PCI Express, interrupts are represented with either MSI or inbound
+interrupt messages (Assert_INTx/Deassert_INTx). The integrated IO-APIC in a
+given Core IO converts the legacy interrupt messages from PCI Express to
+MSI interrupts. If the IO-APIC is disabled (via the mask bits in the
+IO-APIC table entries), the messages are routed to the legacy PCH. This
+in-band interrupt mechanism was traditionally necessary for systems that
+did not support the IO-APIC and for boot. Intel in the past has used the
+term "boot interrupts" to describe this mechanism. Further, the PCI Express
+protocol describes this in-band legacy wire-interrupt INTx mechanism for
+I/O devices to signal PCI-style level interrupts. The subsequent paragraphs
+describe problems with the Core IO handling of INTx message routing to the
+PCH and mitigation within BIOS and the OS.
+
+
+Issue
+=====
+
+When in-band legacy INTx messages are forwarded to the PCH, they in turn
+trigger a new interrupt for which the OS likely lacks a handler. When an
+interrupt goes unhandled over time, they are tracked by the Linux kernel as
+Spurious Interrupts. The IRQ will be disabled by the Linux kernel after it
+reaches a specific count with the error "nobody cared". This disabled IRQ
+now prevents valid usage by an existing interrupt which may happen to share
+the IRQ line::
+
+ irq 19: nobody cared (try booting with the "irqpoll" option)
+ CPU: 0 PID: 2988 Comm: irq/34-nipalk Tainted: 4.14.87-rt49-02410-g4a640ec-dirty #1
+ Hardware name: National Instruments NI PXIe-8880/NI PXIe-8880, BIOS 2.1.5f1 01/09/2020
+ Call Trace:
+
+ <IRQ>
+ ? dump_stack+0x46/0x5e
+ ? __report_bad_irq+0x2e/0xb0
+ ? note_interrupt+0x242/0x290
+ ? nNIKAL100_memoryRead16+0x8/0x10 [nikal]
+ ? handle_irq_event_percpu+0x55/0x70
+ ? handle_irq_event+0x4f/0x80
+ ? handle_fasteoi_irq+0x81/0x180
+ ? handle_irq+0x1c/0x30
+ ? do_IRQ+0x41/0xd0
+ ? common_interrupt+0x84/0x84
+ </IRQ>
+
+ handlers:
+ irq_default_primary_handler threaded usb_hcd_irq
+ Disabling IRQ #19
+
+
+Conditions
+==========
+
+The use of threaded interrupts is the most likely condition to trigger
+this problem today. Threaded interrupts may not be re-enabled after the IRQ
+handler wakes. These "one shot" conditions mean that the threaded interrupt
+needs to keep the interrupt line masked until the threaded handler has run.
+Especially when dealing with high data rate interrupts, the thread needs to
+run to completion; otherwise some handlers will end up in stack overflows
+since the interrupt of the issuing device is still active.
+
+Affected Chipsets
+=================
+
+The legacy interrupt forwarding mechanism exists today in a number of
+devices including but not limited to chipsets from AMD/ATI, Broadcom, and
+Intel. Changes made through the mitigations below have been applied to
+drivers/pci/quirks.c
+
+Starting with ICX there are no longer any IO-APICs in the Core IO's
+devices. IO-APIC is only in the PCH. Devices connected to the Core IO's
+PCIe Root Ports will use native MSI/MSI-X mechanisms.
+
+Mitigations
+===========
+
+The mitigations take the form of PCI quirks. The preference has been to
+first identify and make use of a means to disable the routing to the PCH.
+In such a case a quirk to disable boot interrupt generation can be
+added. [1]_
+
+Intel® 6300ESB I/O Controller Hub
+ Alternate Base Address Register:
+ BIE: Boot Interrupt Enable
+
+ == ===========================
+ 0 Boot interrupt is enabled.
+ 1 Boot interrupt is disabled.
+ == ===========================
+
+Intel® Sandy Bridge through Sky Lake based Xeon servers:
+ Coherent Interface Protocol Interrupt Control
+ dis_intx_route2pch/dis_intx_route2ich/dis_intx_route2dmi2:
+ When this bit is set. Local INTx messages received from the
+ Intel® Quick Data DMA/PCI Express ports are not routed to legacy
+ PCH - they are either converted into MSI via the integrated IO-APIC
+ (if the IO-APIC mask bit is clear in the appropriate entries)
+ or cause no further action (when mask bit is set)
+
+In the absence of a way to directly disable the routing, another approach
+has been to make use of PCI Interrupt pin to INTx routing tables for
+purposes of redirecting the interrupt handler to the rerouted interrupt
+line by default. Therefore, on chipsets where this INTx routing cannot be
+disabled, the Linux kernel will reroute the valid interrupt to its legacy
+interrupt. This redirection of the handler will prevent the occurrence of
+the spurious interrupt detection which would ordinarily disable the IRQ
+line due to excessive unhandled counts. [2]_
+
+The config option X86_REROUTE_FOR_BROKEN_BOOT_IRQS exists to enable (or
+disable) the redirection of the interrupt handler to the PCH interrupt
+line. The option can be overridden by either pci=ioapicreroute or
+pci=noioapicreroute. [3]_
+
+
+More Documentation
+==================
+
+There is an overview of the legacy interrupt handling in several datasheets
+(6300ESB and 6700PXH below). While largely the same, it provides insight
+into the evolution of its handling with chipsets.
+
+Example of disabling of the boot interrupt
+------------------------------------------
+
+ - Intel® 6300ESB I/O Controller Hub (Document # 300641-004US)
+ 5.7.3 Boot Interrupt
+ https://www.intel.com/content/dam/doc/datasheet/6300esb-io-controller-hub-datasheet.pdf
+
+ - Intel® Xeon® Processor E5-1600/2400/2600/4600 v3 Product Families
+ Datasheet - Volume 2: Registers (Document # 330784-003)
+ 6.6.41 cipintrc Coherent Interface Protocol Interrupt Control
+ https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/datasheets/xeon-e5-v3-datasheet-vol-2.pdf
+
+Example of handler rerouting
+----------------------------
+
+ - Intel® 6700PXH 64-bit PCI Hub (Document # 302628)
+ 2.15.2 PCI Express Legacy INTx Support and Boot Interrupt
+ https://www.intel.com/content/dam/doc/datasheet/6700pxh-64-bit-pci-hub-datasheet.pdf
+
+
+If you have any legacy PCI interrupt questions that aren't answered, email me.
+
+Cheers,
+ Sean V Kelley
+ sean.v.kelley@linux.intel.com
+
+.. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/12131949181903-git-send-email-sassmann@suse.de/
+.. [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/12131949182094-git-send-email-sassmann@suse.de/
+.. [3] https://lore.kernel.org/r/487C8EA7.6020205@suse.de/
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/controller/index.rst b/Documentation/PCI/controller/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c2ce9ccdcfa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/controller/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===========================================
+PCI Native Host Bridge and Endpoint Drivers
+===========================================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 2
+
+ rcar-pcie-firmware
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/controller/rcar-pcie-firmware.rst b/Documentation/PCI/controller/rcar-pcie-firmware.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..67d3bf66e315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/controller/rcar-pcie-firmware.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================================================
+Firmware of PCIe controller for Renesas R-Car V4H
+=================================================
+
+Renesas R-Car V4H (r8a779g0) has a PCIe controller, requiring a specific
+firmware download during startup.
+
+However, Renesas currently cannot distribute the firmware free of charge.
+
+The firmware file "104_PCIe_fw_addr_data_ver1.05.txt" (note that the file name
+might be different between different datasheet revisions) can be found in the
+datasheet encoded as text, and as such, the file's content must be converted
+back to binary form. This can be achieved using the following example script:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ $ awk '/^\s*0x[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}\s+0x[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}/ { print substr($2,5,2) substr($2,3,2) }' \
+ 104_PCIe_fw_addr_data_ver1.05.txt | \
+ xxd -p -r > rcar_gen4_pcie.bin
+
+Once the text content has been converted into a binary firmware file, verify
+its checksum as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+ $ sha1sum rcar_gen4_pcie.bin
+ 1d0bd4b189b4eb009f5d564b1f93a79112994945 rcar_gen4_pcie.bin
+
+The resulting binary file called "rcar_gen4_pcie.bin" should be placed in the
+"/lib/firmware" directory before the driver runs.
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-ntb.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-ntb.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..40253d3d5163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-ntb.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==========================
+PCI NTB Endpoint Function
+==========================
+
+1) Create a subdirectory to pci_epf_ntb directory in configfs.
+
+Standard EPF Configurable Fields:
+
+================ ===========================================================
+vendorid should be 0x104c
+deviceid should be 0xb00d for TI's J721E SoC
+revid don't care
+progif_code don't care
+subclass_code should be 0x00
+baseclass_code should be 0x5
+cache_line_size don't care
+subsys_vendor_id don't care
+subsys_id don't care
+interrupt_pin don't care
+msi_interrupts don't care
+msix_interrupts don't care
+================ ===========================================================
+
+2) Create a subdirectory to directory created in 1
+
+NTB EPF specific configurable fields:
+
+================ ===========================================================
+db_count Number of doorbells; default = 4
+mw1 size of memory window1
+mw2 size of memory window2
+mw3 size of memory window3
+mw4 size of memory window4
+num_mws Number of memory windows; max = 4
+spad_count Number of scratchpad registers; default = 64
+================ ===========================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-test.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-test.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..57ee866fb165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-test.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==========================
+PCI Test Endpoint Function
+==========================
+
+name: Should be "pci_epf_test" to bind to the pci_epf_test driver.
+
+Configurable Fields:
+
+================ ===========================================================
+vendorid should be 0x104c
+deviceid should be 0xb500 for DRA74x and 0xb501 for DRA72x
+revid don't care
+progif_code don't care
+subclass_code don't care
+baseclass_code should be 0xff
+cache_line_size don't care
+subsys_vendor_id don't care
+subsys_id don't care
+interrupt_pin Should be 1 - INTA, 2 - INTB, 3 - INTC, 4 -INTD
+msi_interrupts Should be 1 to 32 depending on the number of MSI interrupts
+ to test
+msix_interrupts Should be 1 to 2048 depending on the number of MSI-X
+ interrupts to test
+================ ===========================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/index.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd1f62e731c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+======================
+PCI Endpoint Framework
+======================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 2
+
+ pci-endpoint
+ pci-endpoint-cfs
+ pci-test-function
+ pci-test-howto
+ pci-ntb-function
+ pci-ntb-howto
+ pci-vntb-function
+ pci-vntb-howto
+ pci-nvme-function
+
+ function/binding/pci-test
+ function/binding/pci-ntb
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint-cfs.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint-cfs.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e69c2872ce3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint-cfs.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=======================================
+Configuring PCI Endpoint Using CONFIGFS
+=======================================
+
+:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
+
+The PCI Endpoint Core exposes configfs entry (pci_ep) to configure the
+PCI endpoint function and to bind the endpoint function
+with the endpoint controller. (For introducing other mechanisms to
+configure the PCI Endpoint Function refer to [1]).
+
+Mounting configfs
+=================
+
+The PCI Endpoint Core layer creates pci_ep directory in the mounted configfs
+directory. configfs can be mounted using the following command::
+
+ mount -t configfs none /sys/kernel/config
+
+Directory Structure
+===================
+
+The pci_ep configfs has two directories at its root: controllers and
+functions. Every EPC device present in the system will have an entry in
+the *controllers* directory and every EPF driver present in the system
+will have an entry in the *functions* directory.
+::
+
+ /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/
+ .. controllers/
+ .. functions/
+
+Creating EPF Device
+===================
+
+Every registered EPF driver will be listed in controllers directory. The
+entries corresponding to EPF driver will be created by the EPF core.
+::
+
+ /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/functions/
+ .. <EPF Driver1>/
+ ... <EPF Device 11>/
+ ... <EPF Device 21>/
+ ... <EPF Device 31>/
+ .. <EPF Driver2>/
+ ... <EPF Device 12>/
+ ... <EPF Device 22>/
+
+In order to create a <EPF device> of the type probed by <EPF Driver>, the
+user has to create a directory inside <EPF DriverN>.
+
+Every <EPF device> directory consists of the following entries that can be
+used to configure the standard configuration header of the endpoint function.
+(These entries are created by the framework when any new <EPF Device> is
+created)
+::
+
+ .. <EPF Driver1>/
+ ... <EPF Device 11>/
+ ... vendorid
+ ... deviceid
+ ... revid
+ ... progif_code
+ ... subclass_code
+ ... baseclass_code
+ ... cache_line_size
+ ... subsys_vendor_id
+ ... subsys_id
+ ... interrupt_pin
+ ... <Symlink EPF Device 31>/
+ ... primary/
+ ... <Symlink EPC Device1>/
+ ... secondary/
+ ... <Symlink EPC Device2>/
+
+If an EPF device has to be associated with 2 EPCs (like in the case of
+Non-transparent bridge), symlink of endpoint controller connected to primary
+interface should be added in 'primary' directory and symlink of endpoint
+controller connected to secondary interface should be added in 'secondary'
+directory.
+
+The <EPF Device> directory can have a list of symbolic links
+(<Symlink EPF Device 31>) to other <EPF Device>. These symbolic links should
+be created by the user to represent the virtual functions that are bound to
+the physical function. In the above directory structure <EPF Device 11> is a
+physical function and <EPF Device 31> is a virtual function. An EPF device once
+it's linked to another EPF device, cannot be linked to an EPC device.
+
+EPC Device
+==========
+
+Every registered EPC device will be listed in controllers directory. The
+entries corresponding to EPC device will be created by the EPC core.
+::
+
+ /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/controllers/
+ .. <EPC Device1>/
+ ... <Symlink EPF Device11>/
+ ... <Symlink EPF Device12>/
+ ... start
+ .. <EPC Device2>/
+ ... <Symlink EPF Device21>/
+ ... <Symlink EPF Device22>/
+ ... start
+
+The <EPC Device> directory will have a list of symbolic links to
+<EPF Device>. These symbolic links should be created by the user to
+represent the functions present in the endpoint device. Only <EPF Device>
+that represents a physical function can be linked to an EPC device.
+
+The <EPC Device> directory will also have a *start* field. Once
+"1" is written to this field, the endpoint device will be ready to
+establish the link with the host. This is usually done after
+all the EPF devices are created and linked with the EPC device.
+::
+
+ | controllers/
+ | <Directory: EPC name>/
+ | <Symbolic Link: Function>
+ | start
+ | functions/
+ | <Directory: EPF driver>/
+ | <Directory: EPF device>/
+ | vendorid
+ | deviceid
+ | revid
+ | progif_code
+ | subclass_code
+ | baseclass_code
+ | cache_line_size
+ | subsys_vendor_id
+ | subsys_id
+ | interrupt_pin
+ | function
+
+[1] Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0741c8cbd74e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
+
+This document is a guide to use the PCI Endpoint Framework in order to create
+endpoint controller driver, endpoint function driver, and using configfs
+interface to bind the function driver to the controller driver.
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+Linux has a comprehensive PCI subsystem to support PCI controllers that
+operates in Root Complex mode. The subsystem has capability to scan PCI bus,
+assign memory resources and IRQ resources, load PCI driver (based on
+vendor ID, device ID), support other services like hot-plug, power management,
+advanced error reporting and virtual channels.
+
+However the PCI controller IP integrated in some SoCs is capable of operating
+either in Root Complex mode or Endpoint mode. PCI Endpoint Framework will
+add endpoint mode support in Linux. This will help to run Linux in an
+EP system which can have a wide variety of use cases from testing or
+validation, co-processor accelerator, etc.
+
+PCI Endpoint Core
+=================
+
+The PCI Endpoint Core layer comprises 3 components: the Endpoint Controller
+library, the Endpoint Function library, and the configfs layer to bind the
+endpoint function with the endpoint controller.
+
+PCI Endpoint Controller(EPC) Library
+------------------------------------
+
+The EPC library provides APIs to be used by the controller that can operate
+in endpoint mode. It also provides APIs to be used by function driver/library
+in order to implement a particular endpoint function.
+
+APIs for the PCI controller Driver
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This section lists the APIs that the PCI Endpoint core provides to be used
+by the PCI controller driver.
+
+* devm_pci_epc_create()/pci_epc_create()
+
+ The PCI controller driver should implement the following ops:
+
+ * write_header: ops to populate configuration space header
+ * set_bar: ops to configure the BAR
+ * clear_bar: ops to reset the BAR
+ * alloc_addr_space: ops to allocate in PCI controller address space
+ * free_addr_space: ops to free the allocated address space
+ * raise_irq: ops to raise a legacy, MSI or MSI-X interrupt
+ * start: ops to start the PCI link
+ * stop: ops to stop the PCI link
+
+ The PCI controller driver can then create a new EPC device by invoking
+ devm_pci_epc_create()/pci_epc_create().
+
+* pci_epc_destroy()
+
+ The PCI controller driver can destroy the EPC device created by
+ pci_epc_create() using pci_epc_destroy().
+
+* pci_epc_linkup()
+
+ In order to notify all the function devices that the EPC device to which
+ they are linked has established a link with the host, the PCI controller
+ driver should invoke pci_epc_linkup().
+
+* pci_epc_mem_init()
+
+ Initialize the pci_epc_mem structure used for allocating EPC addr space.
+
+* pci_epc_mem_exit()
+
+ Cleanup the pci_epc_mem structure allocated during pci_epc_mem_init().
+
+
+EPC APIs for the PCI Endpoint Function Driver
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This section lists the APIs that the PCI Endpoint core provides to be used
+by the PCI endpoint function driver.
+
+* pci_epc_write_header()
+
+ The PCI endpoint function driver should use pci_epc_write_header() to
+ write the standard configuration header to the endpoint controller.
+
+* pci_epc_set_bar()
+
+ The PCI endpoint function driver should use pci_epc_set_bar() to configure
+ the Base Address Register in order for the host to assign PCI addr space.
+ Register space of the function driver is usually configured
+ using this API.
+
+* pci_epc_clear_bar()
+
+ The PCI endpoint function driver should use pci_epc_clear_bar() to reset
+ the BAR.
+
+* pci_epc_raise_irq()
+
+ The PCI endpoint function driver should use pci_epc_raise_irq() to raise
+ Legacy Interrupt, MSI or MSI-X Interrupt.
+
+* pci_epc_mem_alloc_addr()
+
+ The PCI endpoint function driver should use pci_epc_mem_alloc_addr(), to
+ allocate memory address from EPC addr space which is required to access
+ RC's buffer
+
+* pci_epc_mem_free_addr()
+
+ The PCI endpoint function driver should use pci_epc_mem_free_addr() to
+ free the memory space allocated using pci_epc_mem_alloc_addr().
+
+* pci_epc_map_addr()
+
+ A PCI endpoint function driver should use pci_epc_map_addr() to map to a RC
+ PCI address the CPU address of local memory obtained with
+ pci_epc_mem_alloc_addr().
+
+* pci_epc_unmap_addr()
+
+ A PCI endpoint function driver should use pci_epc_unmap_addr() to unmap the
+ CPU address of local memory mapped to a RC address with pci_epc_map_addr().
+
+* pci_epc_mem_map()
+
+ A PCI endpoint controller may impose constraints on the RC PCI addresses that
+ can be mapped. The function pci_epc_mem_map() allows endpoint function
+ drivers to allocate and map controller memory while handling such
+ constraints. This function will determine the size of the memory that must be
+ allocated with pci_epc_mem_alloc_addr() for successfully mapping a RC PCI
+ address range. This function will also indicate the size of the PCI address
+ range that was actually mapped, which can be less than the requested size, as
+ well as the offset into the allocated memory to use for accessing the mapped
+ RC PCI address range.
+
+* pci_epc_mem_unmap()
+
+ A PCI endpoint function driver can use pci_epc_mem_unmap() to unmap and free
+ controller memory that was allocated and mapped using pci_epc_mem_map().
+
+
+Other EPC APIs
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+There are other APIs provided by the EPC library. These are used for binding
+the EPF device with EPC device. pci-ep-cfs.c can be used as reference for
+using these APIs.
+
+* pci_epc_get()
+
+ Get a reference to the PCI endpoint controller based on the device name of
+ the controller.
+
+* pci_epc_put()
+
+ Release the reference to the PCI endpoint controller obtained using
+ pci_epc_get()
+
+* pci_epc_add_epf()
+
+ Add a PCI endpoint function to a PCI endpoint controller. A PCIe device
+ can have up to 8 functions according to the specification.
+
+* pci_epc_remove_epf()
+
+ Remove the PCI endpoint function from PCI endpoint controller.
+
+* pci_epc_start()
+
+ The PCI endpoint function driver should invoke pci_epc_start() once it
+ has configured the endpoint function and wants to start the PCI link.
+
+* pci_epc_stop()
+
+ The PCI endpoint function driver should invoke pci_epc_stop() to stop
+ the PCI LINK.
+
+
+PCI Endpoint Function(EPF) Library
+----------------------------------
+
+The EPF library provides APIs to be used by the function driver and the EPC
+library to provide endpoint mode functionality.
+
+EPF APIs for the PCI Endpoint Function Driver
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This section lists the APIs that the PCI Endpoint core provides to be used
+by the PCI endpoint function driver.
+
+* pci_epf_register_driver()
+
+ The PCI Endpoint Function driver should implement the following ops:
+ * bind: ops to perform when an EPC device has been bound to EPF device
+ * unbind: ops to perform when a binding has been lost between an EPC
+ device and EPF device
+ * add_cfs: optional ops to create function specific configfs
+ attributes
+
+ The PCI Function driver can then register the PCI EPF driver by using
+ pci_epf_register_driver().
+
+* pci_epf_unregister_driver()
+
+ The PCI Function driver can unregister the PCI EPF driver by using
+ pci_epf_unregister_driver().
+
+* pci_epf_alloc_space()
+
+ The PCI Function driver can allocate space for a particular BAR using
+ pci_epf_alloc_space().
+
+* pci_epf_free_space()
+
+ The PCI Function driver can free the allocated space
+ (using pci_epf_alloc_space) by invoking pci_epf_free_space().
+
+APIs for the PCI Endpoint Controller Library
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This section lists the APIs that the PCI Endpoint core provides to be used
+by the PCI endpoint controller library.
+
+* pci_epf_linkup()
+
+ The PCI endpoint controller library invokes pci_epf_linkup() when the
+ EPC device has established the connection to the host.
+
+Other EPF APIs
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+There are other APIs provided by the EPF library. These are used to notify
+the function driver when the EPF device is bound to the EPC device.
+pci-ep-cfs.c can be used as reference for using these APIs.
+
+* pci_epf_create()
+
+ Create a new PCI EPF device by passing the name of the PCI EPF device.
+ This name will be used to bind the EPF device to a EPF driver.
+
+* pci_epf_destroy()
+
+ Destroy the created PCI EPF device.
+
+* pci_epf_bind()
+
+ pci_epf_bind() should be invoked when the EPF device has been bound to
+ an EPC device.
+
+* pci_epf_unbind()
+
+ pci_epf_unbind() should be invoked when the binding between EPC device
+ and EPF device is lost.
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-function.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-function.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3b9d836a4924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-function.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================
+PCI NTB Function
+=================
+
+:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
+
+PCI Non-Transparent Bridges (NTB) allow two host systems to communicate
+with each other by exposing each host as a device to the other host.
+NTBs typically support the ability to generate interrupts on the remote
+machine, expose memory ranges as BARs, and perform DMA. They also support
+scratchpads, which are areas of memory within the NTB that are accessible
+from both machines.
+
+PCI NTB Function allows two different systems (or hosts) to communicate
+with each other by configuring the endpoint instances in such a way that
+transactions from one system are routed to the other system.
+
+In the below diagram, PCI NTB function configures the SoC with multiple
+PCI Endpoint (EP) instances in such a way that transactions from one EP
+controller are routed to the other EP controller. Once PCI NTB function
+configures the SoC with multiple EP instances, HOST1 and HOST2 can
+communicate with each other using SoC as a bridge.
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+ +-------------+ +-------------+
+ | | | |
+ | HOST1 | | HOST2 |
+ | | | |
+ +------^------+ +------^------+
+ | |
+ | |
+ +---------|-------------------------------------------------|---------+
+ | +------v------+ +------v------+ |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | EP | | EP | |
+ | | CONTROLLER1 | | CONTROLLER2 | |
+ | | <-----------------------------------> | |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | | SoC With Multiple EP Instances | | |
+ | | | (Configured using NTB Function) | | |
+ | +-------------+ +-------------+ |
+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Constructs used for Implementing NTB
+====================================
+
+ 1) Config Region
+ 2) Self Scratchpad Registers
+ 3) Peer Scratchpad Registers
+ 4) Doorbell (DB) Registers
+ 5) Memory Window (MW)
+
+
+Config Region:
+--------------
+
+Config Region is a construct that is specific to NTB implemented using NTB
+Endpoint Function Driver. The host and endpoint side NTB function driver will
+exchange information with each other using this region. Config Region has
+Control/Status Registers for configuring the Endpoint Controller. Host can
+write into this region for configuring the outbound Address Translation Unit
+(ATU) and to indicate the link status. Endpoint can indicate the status of
+commands issued by host in this region. Endpoint can also indicate the
+scratchpad offset and number of memory windows to the host using this region.
+
+The format of Config Region is given below. All the fields here are 32 bits.
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+ +------------------------+
+ | COMMAND |
+ +------------------------+
+ | ARGUMENT |
+ +------------------------+
+ | STATUS |
+ +------------------------+
+ | TOPOLOGY |
+ +------------------------+
+ | ADDRESS (LOWER 32) |
+ +------------------------+
+ | ADDRESS (UPPER 32) |
+ +------------------------+
+ | SIZE |
+ +------------------------+
+ | NO OF MEMORY WINDOW |
+ +------------------------+
+ | MEMORY WINDOW1 OFFSET |
+ +------------------------+
+ | SPAD OFFSET |
+ +------------------------+
+ | SPAD COUNT |
+ +------------------------+
+ | DB ENTRY SIZE |
+ +------------------------+
+ | DB DATA |
+ +------------------------+
+ | : |
+ +------------------------+
+ | : |
+ +------------------------+
+ | DB DATA |
+ +------------------------+
+
+
+ COMMAND:
+
+ NTB function supports three commands:
+
+ CMD_CONFIGURE_DOORBELL (0x1): Command to configure doorbell. Before
+ invoking this command, the host should allocate and initialize
+ MSI/MSI-X vectors (i.e., initialize the MSI/MSI-X Capability in the
+ Endpoint). The endpoint on receiving this command will configure
+ the outbound ATU such that transactions to Doorbell BAR will be routed
+ to the MSI/MSI-X address programmed by the host. The ARGUMENT
+ register should be populated with number of DBs to configure (in the
+ lower 16 bits) and if MSI or MSI-X should be configured (BIT 16).
+
+ CMD_CONFIGURE_MW (0x2): Command to configure memory window (MW). The
+ host invokes this command after allocating a buffer that can be
+ accessed by remote host. The allocated address should be programmed
+ in the ADDRESS register (64 bit), the size should be programmed in
+ the SIZE register and the memory window index should be programmed
+ in the ARGUMENT register. The endpoint on receiving this command
+ will configure the outbound ATU such that transactions to MW BAR
+ are routed to the address provided by the host.
+
+ CMD_LINK_UP (0x3): Command to indicate an NTB application is
+ bound to the EP device on the host side. Once the endpoint
+ receives this command from both the hosts, the endpoint will
+ raise a LINK_UP event to both the hosts to indicate the host
+ NTB applications can start communicating with each other.
+
+ ARGUMENT:
+
+ The value of this register is based on the commands issued in
+ command register. See COMMAND section for more information.
+
+ TOPOLOGY:
+
+ Set to NTB_TOPO_B2B_USD for Primary interface
+ Set to NTB_TOPO_B2B_DSD for Secondary interface
+
+ ADDRESS/SIZE:
+
+ Address and Size to be used while configuring the memory window.
+ See "CMD_CONFIGURE_MW" for more info.
+
+ MEMORY WINDOW1 OFFSET:
+
+ Memory Window 1 and Doorbell registers are packed together in the
+ same BAR. The initial portion of the region will have doorbell
+ registers and the latter portion of the region is for memory window 1.
+ This register will specify the offset of the memory window 1.
+
+ NO OF MEMORY WINDOW:
+
+ Specifies the number of memory windows supported by the NTB device.
+
+ SPAD OFFSET:
+
+ Self scratchpad region and config region are packed together in the
+ same BAR. The initial portion of the region will have config region
+ and the latter portion of the region is for self scratchpad. This
+ register will specify the offset of the self scratchpad registers.
+
+ SPAD COUNT:
+
+ Specifies the number of scratchpad registers supported by the NTB
+ device.
+
+ DB ENTRY SIZE:
+
+ Used to determine the offset within the DB BAR that should be written
+ in order to raise doorbell. EPF NTB can use either MSI or MSI-X to
+ ring doorbell (MSI-X support will be added later). MSI uses same
+ address for all the interrupts and MSI-X can provide different
+ addresses for different interrupts. The MSI/MSI-X address is provided
+ by the host and the address it gives is based on the MSI/MSI-X
+ implementation supported by the host. For instance, ARM platform
+ using GIC ITS will have the same MSI-X address for all the interrupts.
+ In order to support all the combinations and use the same mechanism
+ for both MSI and MSI-X, EPF NTB allocates a separate region in the
+ Outbound Address Space for each of the interrupts. This region will
+ be mapped to the MSI/MSI-X address provided by the host. If a host
+ provides the same address for all the interrupts, all the regions
+ will be translated to the same address. If a host provides different
+ addresses, the regions will be translated to different addresses. This
+ will ensure there is no difference while raising the doorbell.
+
+ DB DATA:
+
+ EPF NTB supports 32 interrupts, so there are 32 DB DATA registers.
+ This holds the MSI/MSI-X data that has to be written to MSI address
+ for raising doorbell interrupt. This will be populated by EPF NTB
+ while invoking CMD_CONFIGURE_DOORBELL.
+
+Scratchpad Registers:
+---------------------
+
+ Each host has its own register space allocated in the memory of NTB endpoint
+ controller. They are both readable and writable from both sides of the bridge.
+ They are used by applications built over NTB and can be used to pass control
+ and status information between both sides of a device.
+
+ Scratchpad registers has 2 parts
+ 1) Self Scratchpad: Host's own register space
+ 2) Peer Scratchpad: Remote host's register space.
+
+Doorbell Registers:
+-------------------
+
+ Doorbell Registers are used by the hosts to interrupt each other.
+
+Memory Window:
+--------------
+
+ Actual transfer of data between the two hosts will happen using the
+ memory window.
+
+Modeling Constructs:
+====================
+
+There are 5 or more distinct regions (config, self scratchpad, peer
+scratchpad, doorbell, one or more memory windows) to be modeled to achieve
+NTB functionality. At least one memory window is required while more than
+one is permitted. All these regions should be mapped to BARs for hosts to
+access these regions.
+
+If one 32-bit BAR is allocated for each of these regions, the scheme would
+look like this:
+
+====== ===============
+BAR NO CONSTRUCTS USED
+====== ===============
+BAR0 Config Region
+BAR1 Self Scratchpad
+BAR2 Peer Scratchpad
+BAR3 Doorbell
+BAR4 Memory Window 1
+BAR5 Memory Window 2
+====== ===============
+
+However if we allocate a separate BAR for each of the regions, there would not
+be enough BARs for all the regions in a platform that supports only 64-bit
+BARs.
+
+In order to be supported by most of the platforms, the regions should be
+packed and mapped to BARs in a way that provides NTB functionality and
+also makes sure the host doesn't access any region that it is not supposed
+to.
+
+The following scheme is used in EPF NTB Function:
+
+====== ===============================
+BAR NO CONSTRUCTS USED
+====== ===============================
+BAR0 Config Region + Self Scratchpad
+BAR1 Peer Scratchpad
+BAR2 Doorbell + Memory Window 1
+BAR3 Memory Window 2
+BAR4 Memory Window 3
+BAR5 Memory Window 4
+====== ===============================
+
+With this scheme, for the basic NTB functionality 3 BARs should be sufficient.
+
+Modeling Config/Scratchpad Region:
+----------------------------------
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+ +-----------------+------->+------------------+ +-----------------+
+ | BAR0 | | CONFIG REGION | | BAR0 |
+ +-----------------+----+ +------------------+<-------+-----------------+
+ | BAR1 | | |SCRATCHPAD REGION | | BAR1 |
+ +-----------------+ +-->+------------------+<-------+-----------------+
+ | BAR2 | Local Memory | BAR2 |
+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
+ | BAR3 | | BAR3 |
+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
+ | BAR4 | | BAR4 |
+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
+ | BAR5 | | BAR5 |
+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
+ EP CONTROLLER 1 EP CONTROLLER 2
+
+Above diagram shows Config region + Scratchpad region for HOST1 (connected to
+EP controller 1) allocated in local memory. The HOST1 can access the config
+region and scratchpad region (self scratchpad) using BAR0 of EP controller 1.
+The peer host (HOST2 connected to EP controller 2) can also access this
+scratchpad region (peer scratchpad) using BAR1 of EP controller 2. This
+diagram shows the case where Config region and Scratchpad regions are allocated
+for HOST1, however the same is applicable for HOST2.
+
+Modeling Doorbell/Memory Window 1:
+----------------------------------
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+ +-----------------+ +----->+----------------+-----------+-----------------+
+ | BAR0 | | | Doorbell 1 +-----------> MSI-X ADDRESS 1 |
+ +-----------------+ | +----------------+ +-----------------+
+ | BAR1 | | | Doorbell 2 +---------+ | |
+ +-----------------+----+ +----------------+ | | |
+ | BAR2 | | Doorbell 3 +-------+ | +-----------------+
+ +-----------------+----+ +----------------+ | +-> MSI-X ADDRESS 2 |
+ | BAR3 | | | Doorbell 4 +-----+ | +-----------------+
+ +-----------------+ | |----------------+ | | | |
+ | BAR4 | | | | | | +-----------------+
+ +-----------------+ | | MW1 +---+ | +-->+ MSI-X ADDRESS 3||
+ | BAR5 | | | | | | +-----------------+
+ +-----------------+ +----->-----------------+ | | | |
+ EP CONTROLLER 1 | | | | +-----------------+
+ | | | +---->+ MSI-X ADDRESS 4 |
+ +----------------+ | +-----------------+
+ EP CONTROLLER 2 | | |
+ (OB SPACE) | | |
+ +-------> MW1 |
+ | |
+ | |
+ +-----------------+
+ | |
+ | |
+ | |
+ | |
+ | |
+ +-----------------+
+ PCI Address Space
+ (Managed by HOST2)
+
+Above diagram shows how the doorbell and memory window 1 is mapped so that
+HOST1 can raise doorbell interrupt on HOST2 and also how HOST1 can access
+buffers exposed by HOST2 using memory window1 (MW1). Here doorbell and
+memory window 1 regions are allocated in EP controller 2 outbound (OB) address
+space. Allocating and configuring BARs for doorbell and memory window1
+is done during the initialization phase of NTB endpoint function driver.
+Mapping from EP controller 2 OB space to PCI address space is done when HOST2
+sends CMD_CONFIGURE_MW/CMD_CONFIGURE_DOORBELL.
+
+Modeling Optional Memory Windows:
+---------------------------------
+
+This is modeled the same was as MW1 but each of the additional memory windows
+is mapped to separate BARs.
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-howto.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-howto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4261e7157ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-howto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===================================================================
+PCI Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) Endpoint Function (EPF) User Guide
+===================================================================
+
+:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
+
+This document is a guide to help users use pci-epf-ntb function driver
+and ntb_hw_epf host driver for NTB functionality. The list of steps to
+be followed in the host side and EP side is given below. For the hardware
+configuration and internals of NTB using configurable endpoints see
+Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-function.rst
+
+Endpoint Device
+===============
+
+Endpoint Controller Devices
+---------------------------
+
+For implementing NTB functionality at least two endpoint controller devices
+are required.
+
+To find the list of endpoint controller devices in the system::
+
+ # ls /sys/class/pci_epc/
+ 2900000.pcie-ep 2910000.pcie-ep
+
+If PCI_ENDPOINT_CONFIGFS is enabled::
+
+ # ls /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/controllers
+ 2900000.pcie-ep 2910000.pcie-ep
+
+
+Endpoint Function Drivers
+-------------------------
+
+To find the list of endpoint function drivers in the system::
+
+ # ls /sys/bus/pci-epf/drivers
+ pci_epf_ntb pci_epf_ntb
+
+If PCI_ENDPOINT_CONFIGFS is enabled::
+
+ # ls /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/functions
+ pci_epf_ntb pci_epf_ntb
+
+
+Creating pci-epf-ntb Device
+----------------------------
+
+PCI endpoint function device can be created using the configfs. To create
+pci-epf-ntb device, the following commands can be used::
+
+ # mount -t configfs none /sys/kernel/config
+ # cd /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/
+ # mkdir functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1
+
+The "mkdir func1" above creates the pci-epf-ntb function device that will
+be probed by pci_epf_ntb driver.
+
+The PCI endpoint framework populates the directory with the following
+configurable fields::
+
+ # ls functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1
+ baseclass_code deviceid msi_interrupts pci-epf-ntb.0
+ progif_code secondary subsys_id vendorid
+ cache_line_size interrupt_pin msix_interrupts primary
+ revid subclass_code subsys_vendor_id
+
+The PCI endpoint function driver populates these entries with default values
+when the device is bound to the driver. The pci-epf-ntb driver populates
+vendorid with 0xffff and interrupt_pin with 0x0001::
+
+ # cat functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1/vendorid
+ 0xffff
+ # cat functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1/interrupt_pin
+ 0x0001
+
+
+Configuring pci-epf-ntb Device
+-------------------------------
+
+The user can configure the pci-epf-ntb device using its configfs entry. In order
+to change the vendorid and the deviceid, the following
+commands can be used::
+
+ # echo 0x104c > functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1/vendorid
+ # echo 0xb00d > functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1/deviceid
+
+The PCI endpoint framework also automatically creates a sub-directory in the
+function attribute directory. This sub-directory has the same name as the name
+of the function device and is populated with the following NTB specific
+attributes that can be configured by the user::
+
+ # ls functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1/pci_epf_ntb.0/
+ db_count mw1 mw2 mw3 mw4 num_mws
+ spad_count
+
+A sample configuration for NTB function is given below::
+
+ # echo 4 > functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1/pci_epf_ntb.0/db_count
+ # echo 128 > functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1/pci_epf_ntb.0/spad_count
+ # echo 2 > functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1/pci_epf_ntb.0/num_mws
+ # echo 0x100000 > functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1/pci_epf_ntb.0/mw1
+ # echo 0x100000 > functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1/pci_epf_ntb.0/mw2
+
+Binding pci-epf-ntb Device to EP Controller
+--------------------------------------------
+
+NTB function device should be attached to two PCI endpoint controllers
+connected to the two hosts. Use the 'primary' and 'secondary' entries
+inside NTB function device to attach one PCI endpoint controller to
+primary interface and the other PCI endpoint controller to the secondary
+interface::
+
+ # ln -s controllers/2900000.pcie-ep/ functions/pci-epf-ntb/func1/primary
+ # ln -s controllers/2910000.pcie-ep/ functions/pci-epf-ntb/func1/secondary
+
+Once the above step is completed, both the PCI endpoint controllers are ready to
+establish a link with the host.
+
+
+Start the Link
+--------------
+
+In order for the endpoint device to establish a link with the host, the _start_
+field should be populated with '1'. For NTB, both the PCI endpoint controllers
+should establish link with the host::
+
+ # echo 1 > controllers/2900000.pcie-ep/start
+ # echo 1 > controllers/2910000.pcie-ep/start
+
+
+RootComplex Device
+==================
+
+lspci Output
+------------
+
+Note that the devices listed here correspond to the values populated in
+"Creating pci-epf-ntb Device" section above::
+
+ # lspci
+ 0000:00:00.0 PCI bridge: Texas Instruments Device b00d
+ 0000:01:00.0 RAM memory: Texas Instruments Device b00d
+
+
+Using ntb_hw_epf Device
+-----------------------
+
+The host side software follows the standard NTB software architecture in Linux.
+All the existing client side NTB utilities like NTB Transport Client and NTB
+Netdev, NTB Ping Pong Test Client and NTB Tool Test Client can be used with NTB
+function device.
+
+For more information on NTB see
+:doc:`Non-Transparent Bridge <../../driver-api/ntb>`
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-nvme-function.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-nvme-function.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a68015317f7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-nvme-function.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================
+PCI NVMe Function
+=================
+
+:Author: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
+
+The PCI NVMe endpoint function implements a PCI NVMe controller using the NVMe
+subsystem target core code. The driver for this function resides with the NVMe
+subsystem as drivers/nvme/target/pci-epf.c.
+
+See Documentation/nvme/nvme-pci-endpoint-target.rst for more details.
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-test-function.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-test-function.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3c8521d7aa31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-test-function.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================
+PCI Test Function
+=================
+
+:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
+
+Traditionally PCI RC has always been validated by using standard
+PCI cards like ethernet PCI cards or USB PCI cards or SATA PCI cards.
+However with the addition of EP-core in linux kernel, it is possible
+to configure a PCI controller that can operate in EP mode to work as
+a test device.
+
+The PCI endpoint test device is a virtual device (defined in software)
+used to test the endpoint functionality and serve as a sample driver
+for other PCI endpoint devices (to use the EP framework).
+
+The PCI endpoint test device has the following registers:
+
+ 1) PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_MAGIC
+ 2) PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_COMMAND
+ 3) PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_STATUS
+ 4) PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_SRC_ADDR
+ 5) PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_DST_ADDR
+ 6) PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_SIZE
+ 7) PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_CHECKSUM
+ 8) PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_IRQ_TYPE
+ 9) PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_IRQ_NUMBER
+
+* PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_MAGIC
+
+This register will be used to test BAR0. A known pattern will be written
+and read back from MAGIC register to verify BAR0.
+
+* PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_COMMAND
+
+This register will be used by the host driver to indicate the function
+that the endpoint device must perform.
+
+======== ================================================================
+Bitfield Description
+======== ================================================================
+Bit 0 raise legacy IRQ
+Bit 1 raise MSI IRQ
+Bit 2 raise MSI-X IRQ
+Bit 3 read command (read data from RC buffer)
+Bit 4 write command (write data to RC buffer)
+Bit 5 copy command (copy data from one RC buffer to another RC buffer)
+======== ================================================================
+
+* PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_STATUS
+
+This register reflects the status of the PCI endpoint device.
+
+======== ==============================
+Bitfield Description
+======== ==============================
+Bit 0 read success
+Bit 1 read fail
+Bit 2 write success
+Bit 3 write fail
+Bit 4 copy success
+Bit 5 copy fail
+Bit 6 IRQ raised
+Bit 7 source address is invalid
+Bit 8 destination address is invalid
+======== ==============================
+
+* PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_SRC_ADDR
+
+This register contains the source address (RC buffer address) for the
+COPY/READ command.
+
+* PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_DST_ADDR
+
+This register contains the destination address (RC buffer address) for
+the COPY/WRITE command.
+
+* PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_IRQ_TYPE
+
+This register contains the interrupt type (Legacy/MSI) triggered
+for the READ/WRITE/COPY and raise IRQ (Legacy/MSI) commands.
+
+Possible types:
+
+====== ==
+Legacy 0
+MSI 1
+MSI-X 2
+====== ==
+
+* PCI_ENDPOINT_TEST_IRQ_NUMBER
+
+This register contains the triggered ID interrupt.
+
+Admissible values:
+
+====== ===========
+Legacy 0
+MSI [1 .. 32]
+MSI-X [1 .. 2048]
+====== ===========
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-test-howto.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-test-howto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd66858cde46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-test-howto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===================
+PCI Test User Guide
+===================
+
+:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
+
+This document is a guide to help users use pci-epf-test function driver
+and pci_endpoint_test host driver for testing PCI. The list of steps to
+be followed in the host side and EP side is given below.
+
+Endpoint Device
+===============
+
+Endpoint Controller Devices
+---------------------------
+
+To find the list of endpoint controller devices in the system::
+
+ # ls /sys/class/pci_epc/
+ 51000000.pcie_ep
+
+If PCI_ENDPOINT_CONFIGFS is enabled::
+
+ # ls /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/controllers
+ 51000000.pcie_ep
+
+
+Endpoint Function Drivers
+-------------------------
+
+To find the list of endpoint function drivers in the system::
+
+ # ls /sys/bus/pci-epf/drivers
+ pci_epf_test
+
+If PCI_ENDPOINT_CONFIGFS is enabled::
+
+ # ls /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/functions
+ pci_epf_test
+
+
+Creating pci-epf-test Device
+----------------------------
+
+PCI endpoint function device can be created using the configfs. To create
+pci-epf-test device, the following commands can be used::
+
+ # mount -t configfs none /sys/kernel/config
+ # cd /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/
+ # mkdir functions/pci_epf_test/func1
+
+The "mkdir func1" above creates the pci-epf-test function device that will
+be probed by pci_epf_test driver.
+
+The PCI endpoint framework populates the directory with the following
+configurable fields::
+
+ # ls functions/pci_epf_test/func1
+ baseclass_code interrupt_pin progif_code subsys_id
+ cache_line_size msi_interrupts revid subsys_vendorid
+ deviceid msix_interrupts subclass_code vendorid
+
+The PCI endpoint function driver populates these entries with default values
+when the device is bound to the driver. The pci-epf-test driver populates
+vendorid with 0xffff and interrupt_pin with 0x0001::
+
+ # cat functions/pci_epf_test/func1/vendorid
+ 0xffff
+ # cat functions/pci_epf_test/func1/interrupt_pin
+ 0x0001
+
+
+Configuring pci-epf-test Device
+-------------------------------
+
+The user can configure the pci-epf-test device using configfs entry. In order
+to change the vendorid and the number of MSI interrupts used by the function
+device, the following commands can be used::
+
+ # echo 0x104c > functions/pci_epf_test/func1/vendorid
+ # echo 0xb500 > functions/pci_epf_test/func1/deviceid
+ # echo 32 > functions/pci_epf_test/func1/msi_interrupts
+ # echo 2048 > functions/pci_epf_test/func1/msix_interrupts
+
+
+Binding pci-epf-test Device to EP Controller
+--------------------------------------------
+
+In order for the endpoint function device to be useful, it has to be bound to
+a PCI endpoint controller driver. Use the configfs to bind the function
+device to one of the controller driver present in the system::
+
+ # ln -s functions/pci_epf_test/func1 controllers/51000000.pcie_ep/
+
+Once the above step is completed, the PCI endpoint is ready to establish a link
+with the host.
+
+
+Start the Link
+--------------
+
+In order for the endpoint device to establish a link with the host, the _start_
+field should be populated with '1'::
+
+ # echo 1 > controllers/51000000.pcie_ep/start
+
+
+RootComplex Device
+==================
+
+lspci Output
+------------
+
+Note that the devices listed here correspond to the value populated in 1.4
+above::
+
+ 00:00.0 PCI bridge: Texas Instruments Device 8888 (rev 01)
+ 01:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Texas Instruments Device b500
+
+
+Using Endpoint Test function Device
+-----------------------------------
+
+Kselftest added in tools/testing/selftests/pci_endpoint can be used to run all
+the default PCI endpoint tests. To build the Kselftest for PCI endpoint
+subsystem, the following commands should be used::
+
+ # cd <kernel-dir>
+ # make -C tools/testing/selftests/pci_endpoint
+
+or if you desire to compile and install in your system::
+
+ # cd <kernel-dir>
+ # make -C tools/testing/selftests/pci_endpoint INSTALL_PATH=/usr/bin install
+
+The test will be located in <rootfs>/usr/bin/
+
+Kselftest Output
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+::
+
+ # pci_endpoint_test
+ TAP version 13
+ 1..16
+ # Starting 16 tests from 9 test cases.
+ # RUN pci_ep_bar.BAR0.BAR_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_bar.BAR0.BAR_TEST
+ ok 1 pci_ep_bar.BAR0.BAR_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_bar.BAR1.BAR_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_bar.BAR1.BAR_TEST
+ ok 2 pci_ep_bar.BAR1.BAR_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_bar.BAR2.BAR_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_bar.BAR2.BAR_TEST
+ ok 3 pci_ep_bar.BAR2.BAR_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_bar.BAR3.BAR_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_bar.BAR3.BAR_TEST
+ ok 4 pci_ep_bar.BAR3.BAR_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_bar.BAR4.BAR_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_bar.BAR4.BAR_TEST
+ ok 5 pci_ep_bar.BAR4.BAR_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_bar.BAR5.BAR_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_bar.BAR5.BAR_TEST
+ ok 6 pci_ep_bar.BAR5.BAR_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_basic.CONSECUTIVE_BAR_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_basic.CONSECUTIVE_BAR_TEST
+ ok 7 pci_ep_basic.CONSECUTIVE_BAR_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_basic.LEGACY_IRQ_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_basic.LEGACY_IRQ_TEST
+ ok 8 pci_ep_basic.LEGACY_IRQ_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_basic.MSI_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_basic.MSI_TEST
+ ok 9 pci_ep_basic.MSI_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_basic.MSIX_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_basic.MSIX_TEST
+ ok 10 pci_ep_basic.MSIX_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_data_transfer.memcpy.READ_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_data_transfer.memcpy.READ_TEST
+ ok 11 pci_ep_data_transfer.memcpy.READ_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_data_transfer.memcpy.WRITE_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_data_transfer.memcpy.WRITE_TEST
+ ok 12 pci_ep_data_transfer.memcpy.WRITE_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_data_transfer.memcpy.COPY_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_data_transfer.memcpy.COPY_TEST
+ ok 13 pci_ep_data_transfer.memcpy.COPY_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_data_transfer.dma.READ_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_data_transfer.dma.READ_TEST
+ ok 14 pci_ep_data_transfer.dma.READ_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_data_transfer.dma.WRITE_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_data_transfer.dma.WRITE_TEST
+ ok 15 pci_ep_data_transfer.dma.WRITE_TEST
+ # RUN pci_ep_data_transfer.dma.COPY_TEST ...
+ # OK pci_ep_data_transfer.dma.COPY_TEST
+ ok 16 pci_ep_data_transfer.dma.COPY_TEST
+ # PASSED: 16 / 16 tests passed.
+ # Totals: pass:16 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0
+
+
+Testcase 16 (pci_ep_data_transfer.dma.COPY_TEST) will fail for most of the DMA
+capable endpoint controllers due to the absence of the MEMCPY over DMA. For such
+controllers, it is advisable to skip this testcase using this
+command::
+
+ # pci_endpoint_test -f pci_ep_bar -f pci_ep_basic -v memcpy -T COPY_TEST -v dma
+
+Kselftest EP Doorbell
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If the Endpoint MSI controller is used for the doorbell usecase, run below
+command for testing it:
+
+ # pci_endpoint_test -f pcie_ep_doorbell
+
+ # Starting 1 tests from 1 test cases.
+ # RUN pcie_ep_doorbell.DOORBELL_TEST ...
+ # OK pcie_ep_doorbell.DOORBELL_TEST
+ ok 1 pcie_ep_doorbell.DOORBELL_TEST
+ # PASSED: 1 / 1 tests passed.
+ # Totals: pass:1 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-function.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-function.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0c51f53ab972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-function.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================
+PCI vNTB Function
+=================
+
+:Author: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com>
+
+The difference between PCI NTB function and PCI vNTB function is
+
+PCI NTB function need at two endpoint instances and connect HOST1
+and HOST2.
+
+PCI vNTB function only use one host and one endpoint(EP), use NTB
+connect EP and PCI host
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+
+ +------------+ +---------------------------------------+
+ | | | |
+ +------------+ | +--------------+
+ | NTB | | | NTB |
+ | NetDev | | | NetDev |
+ +------------+ | +--------------+
+ | NTB | | | NTB |
+ | Transfer | | | Transfer |
+ +------------+ | +--------------+
+ | | | | |
+ | PCI NTB | | | |
+ | EPF | | | |
+ | Driver | | | PCI Virtual |
+ | | +---------------+ | NTB Driver |
+ | | | PCI EP NTB |<------>| |
+ | | | FN Driver | | |
+ +------------+ +---------------+ +--------------+
+ | | | | | |
+ | PCI BUS | <-----> | PCI EP BUS | | Virtual PCI |
+ | | PCI | | | BUS |
+ +------------+ +---------------+--------+--------------+
+ PCI RC PCI EP
+
+Constructs used for Implementing vNTB
+=====================================
+
+ 1) Config Region
+ 2) Self Scratchpad Registers
+ 3) Peer Scratchpad Registers
+ 4) Doorbell (DB) Registers
+ 5) Memory Window (MW)
+
+
+Config Region:
+--------------
+
+It is same as PCI NTB Function driver
+
+Scratchpad Registers:
+---------------------
+
+It is appended after Config region.
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+
+ +--------------------------------------------------+ Base
+ | |
+ | |
+ | |
+ | Common Config Register |
+ | |
+ | |
+ | |
+ +-----------------------+--------------------------+ Base + span_offset
+ | | |
+ | Peer Span Space | Span Space |
+ | | |
+ | | |
+ +-----------------------+--------------------------+ Base + span_offset
+ | | | + span_count * 4
+ | | |
+ | Span Space | Peer Span Space |
+ | | |
+ +-----------------------+--------------------------+
+ Virtual PCI Pcie Endpoint
+ NTB Driver NTB Driver
+
+
+Doorbell Registers:
+-------------------
+
+ Doorbell Registers are used by the hosts to interrupt each other.
+
+Memory Window:
+--------------
+
+ Actual transfer of data between the two hosts will happen using the
+ memory window.
+
+Modeling Constructs:
+====================
+
+32-bit BARs.
+
+====== ===============
+BAR NO CONSTRUCTS USED
+====== ===============
+BAR0 Config Region
+BAR1 Doorbell
+BAR2 Memory Window 1
+BAR3 Memory Window 2
+BAR4 Memory Window 3
+BAR5 Memory Window 4
+====== ===============
+
+64-bit BARs.
+
+====== ===============================
+BAR NO CONSTRUCTS USED
+====== ===============================
+BAR0 Config Region + Scratchpad
+BAR1
+BAR2 Doorbell
+BAR3
+BAR4 Memory Window 1
+BAR5
+====== ===============================
+
+
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-howto.rst b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-howto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9a7a2f0a6849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-howto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===================================================================
+PCI Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) Endpoint Function (EPF) User Guide
+===================================================================
+
+:Author: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com>
+
+This document is a guide to help users use pci-epf-vntb function driver
+and ntb_hw_epf host driver for NTB functionality. The list of steps to
+be followed in the host side and EP side is given below. For the hardware
+configuration and internals of NTB using configurable endpoints see
+Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-function.rst
+
+Endpoint Device
+===============
+
+Endpoint Controller Devices
+---------------------------
+
+To find the list of endpoint controller devices in the system::
+
+ # ls /sys/class/pci_epc/
+ 5f010000.pcie_ep
+
+If PCI_ENDPOINT_CONFIGFS is enabled::
+
+ # ls /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/controllers
+ 5f010000.pcie_ep
+
+Endpoint Function Drivers
+-------------------------
+
+To find the list of endpoint function drivers in the system::
+
+ # ls /sys/bus/pci-epf/drivers
+ pci_epf_ntb pci_epf_test pci_epf_vntb
+
+If PCI_ENDPOINT_CONFIGFS is enabled::
+
+ # ls /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/functions
+ pci_epf_ntb pci_epf_test pci_epf_vntb
+
+
+Creating pci-epf-vntb Device
+----------------------------
+
+PCI endpoint function device can be created using the configfs. To create
+pci-epf-vntb device, the following commands can be used::
+
+ # mount -t configfs none /sys/kernel/config
+ # cd /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/
+ # mkdir functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1
+
+The "mkdir func1" above creates the pci-epf-ntb function device that will
+be probed by pci_epf_vntb driver.
+
+The PCI endpoint framework populates the directory with the following
+configurable fields::
+
+ # ls functions/pci_epf_ntb/func1
+ baseclass_code deviceid msi_interrupts pci-epf-ntb.0
+ progif_code secondary subsys_id vendorid
+ cache_line_size interrupt_pin msix_interrupts primary
+ revid subclass_code subsys_vendor_id
+
+The PCI endpoint function driver populates these entries with default values
+when the device is bound to the driver. The pci-epf-vntb driver populates
+vendorid with 0xffff and interrupt_pin with 0x0001::
+
+ # cat functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/vendorid
+ 0xffff
+ # cat functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/interrupt_pin
+ 0x0001
+
+
+Configuring pci-epf-vntb Device
+-------------------------------
+
+The user can configure the pci-epf-vntb device using its configfs entry. In order
+to change the vendorid and the deviceid, the following
+commands can be used::
+
+ # echo 0x1957 > functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/vendorid
+ # echo 0x0809 > functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/deviceid
+
+The PCI endpoint framework also automatically creates a sub-directory in the
+function attribute directory. This sub-directory has the same name as the name
+of the function device and is populated with the following NTB specific
+attributes that can be configured by the user::
+
+ # ls functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/pci_epf_vntb.0/
+ ctrl_bar db_count mw1_bar mw2_bar mw3_bar mw4_bar spad_count
+ db_bar mw1 mw2 mw3 mw4 num_mws vbus_number
+ vntb_vid vntb_pid
+
+A sample configuration for NTB function is given below::
+
+ # echo 4 > functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/pci_epf_vntb.0/db_count
+ # echo 128 > functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/pci_epf_vntb.0/spad_count
+ # echo 1 > functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/pci_epf_vntb.0/num_mws
+ # echo 0x100000 > functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/pci_epf_vntb.0/mw1
+
+By default, each construct is assigned a BAR, as needed and in order.
+Should a specific BAR setup be required by the platform, BAR may be assigned
+to each construct using the related ``XYZ_bar`` entry.
+
+A sample configuration for virtual NTB driver for virtual PCI bus::
+
+ # echo 0x1957 > functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/pci_epf_vntb.0/vntb_vid
+ # echo 0x080A > functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/pci_epf_vntb.0/vntb_pid
+ # echo 0x10 > functions/pci_epf_vntb/func1/pci_epf_vntb.0/vbus_number
+
+Binding pci-epf-ntb Device to EP Controller
+--------------------------------------------
+
+NTB function device should be attached to PCI endpoint controllers
+connected to the host.
+
+ # ln -s controllers/5f010000.pcie_ep functions/pci-epf-ntb/func1/primary
+
+Once the above step is completed, the PCI endpoint controllers are ready to
+establish a link with the host.
+
+
+Start the Link
+--------------
+
+In order for the endpoint device to establish a link with the host, the _start_
+field should be populated with '1'. For NTB, both the PCI endpoint controllers
+should establish link with the host (imx8 don't need this steps)::
+
+ # echo 1 > controllers/5f010000.pcie_ep/start
+
+RootComplex Device
+==================
+
+lspci Output at Host side
+-------------------------
+
+Note that the devices listed here correspond to the values populated in
+"Creating pci-epf-ntb Device" section above::
+
+ # lspci
+ 00:00.0 PCI bridge: Freescale Semiconductor Inc Device 0000 (rev 01)
+ 01:00.0 RAM memory: Freescale Semiconductor Inc Device 0809
+
+Endpoint Device / Virtual PCI bus
+=================================
+
+lspci Output at EP Side / Virtual PCI bus
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Note that the devices listed here correspond to the values populated in
+"Creating pci-epf-ntb Device" section above::
+
+ # lspci
+ 10:00.0 Unassigned class [ffff]: Dawicontrol Computersysteme GmbH Device 1234 (rev ff)
+
+Using ntb_hw_epf Device
+-----------------------
+
+The host side software follows the standard NTB software architecture in Linux.
+All the existing client side NTB utilities like NTB Transport Client and NTB
+Netdev, NTB Ping Pong Test Client and NTB Tool Test Client can be used with NTB
+function device.
+
+For more information on NTB see
+:doc:`Non-Transparent Bridge <../../driver-api/ntb>`
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/index.rst b/Documentation/PCI/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5d720d2a415e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================
+PCI Bus Subsystem
+=================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 2
+ :numbered:
+
+ pci
+ pciebus-howto
+ pci-iov-howto
+ msi-howto
+ sysfs-pci
+ acpi-info
+ pci-error-recovery
+ pcieaer-howto
+ endpoint/index
+ controller/index
+ boot-interrupts
+ tph
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/msi-howto.rst b/Documentation/PCI/msi-howto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0692c9aec66f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/msi-howto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+.. include:: <isonum.txt>
+
+==========================
+The MSI Driver Guide HOWTO
+==========================
+
+:Authors: Tom L Nguyen; Martine Silbermann; Matthew Wilcox
+
+:Copyright: 2003, 2008 Intel Corporation
+
+About this guide
+================
+
+This guide describes the basics of Message Signaled Interrupts (MSIs),
+the advantages of using MSI over traditional interrupt mechanisms, how
+to change your driver to use MSI or MSI-X and some basic diagnostics to
+try if a device doesn't support MSIs.
+
+
+What are MSIs?
+==============
+
+A Message Signaled Interrupt is a write from the device to a special
+address which causes an interrupt to be received by the CPU.
+
+The MSI capability was first specified in PCI 2.2 and was later enhanced
+in PCI 3.0 to allow each interrupt to be masked individually. The MSI-X
+capability was also introduced with PCI 3.0. It supports more interrupts
+per device than MSI and allows interrupts to be independently configured.
+
+Devices may support both MSI and MSI-X, but only one can be enabled at
+a time.
+
+
+Why use MSIs?
+=============
+
+There are three reasons why using MSIs can give an advantage over
+traditional pin-based interrupts.
+
+Pin-based PCI interrupts are often shared amongst several devices.
+To support this, the kernel must call each interrupt handler associated
+with an interrupt, which leads to reduced performance for the system as
+a whole. MSIs are never shared, so this problem cannot arise.
+
+When a device writes data to memory, then raises a pin-based interrupt,
+it is possible that the interrupt may arrive before all the data has
+arrived in memory (this becomes more likely with devices behind PCI-PCI
+bridges). In order to ensure that all the data has arrived in memory,
+the interrupt handler must read a register on the device which raised
+the interrupt. PCI transaction ordering rules require that all the data
+arrive in memory before the value may be returned from the register.
+Using MSIs avoids this problem as the interrupt-generating write cannot
+pass the data writes, so by the time the interrupt is raised, the driver
+knows that all the data has arrived in memory.
+
+PCI devices can only support a single pin-based interrupt per function.
+Often drivers have to query the device to find out what event has
+occurred, slowing down interrupt handling for the common case. With
+MSIs, a device can support more interrupts, allowing each interrupt
+to be specialised to a different purpose. One possible design gives
+infrequent conditions (such as errors) their own interrupt which allows
+the driver to handle the normal interrupt handling path more efficiently.
+Other possible designs include giving one interrupt to each packet queue
+in a network card or each port in a storage controller.
+
+
+How to use MSIs
+===============
+
+PCI devices are initialised to use pin-based interrupts. The device
+driver has to set up the device to use MSI or MSI-X. Not all machines
+support MSIs correctly, and for those machines, the APIs described below
+will simply fail and the device will continue to use pin-based interrupts.
+
+Include kernel support for MSIs
+-------------------------------
+
+To support MSI or MSI-X, the kernel must be built with the CONFIG_PCI_MSI
+option enabled. This option is only available on some architectures,
+and it may depend on some other options also being set. For example,
+on x86, you must also enable X86_UP_APIC or SMP in order to see the
+CONFIG_PCI_MSI option.
+
+Using MSI
+---------
+
+Most of the hard work is done for the driver in the PCI layer. The driver
+simply has to request that the PCI layer set up the MSI capability for this
+device.
+
+To automatically use MSI or MSI-X interrupt vectors, use the following
+function::
+
+ int pci_alloc_irq_vectors(struct pci_dev *dev, unsigned int min_vecs,
+ unsigned int max_vecs, unsigned int flags);
+
+which allocates up to max_vecs interrupt vectors for a PCI device. It
+returns the number of vectors allocated or a negative error. If the device
+has a requirements for a minimum number of vectors the driver can pass a
+min_vecs argument set to this limit, and the PCI core will return -ENOSPC
+if it can't meet the minimum number of vectors.
+
+The flags argument is used to specify which type of interrupt can be used
+by the device and the driver (PCI_IRQ_INTX, PCI_IRQ_MSI, PCI_IRQ_MSIX).
+A convenient short-hand (PCI_IRQ_ALL_TYPES) is also available to ask for
+any possible kind of interrupt. If the PCI_IRQ_AFFINITY flag is set,
+pci_alloc_irq_vectors() will spread the interrupts around the available CPUs.
+
+To get the Linux IRQ numbers passed to request_irq() and free_irq() and the
+vectors, use the following function::
+
+ int pci_irq_vector(struct pci_dev *dev, unsigned int nr);
+
+Any allocated resources should be freed before removing the device using
+the following function::
+
+ void pci_free_irq_vectors(struct pci_dev *dev);
+
+If a device supports both MSI-X and MSI capabilities, this API will use the
+MSI-X facilities in preference to the MSI facilities. MSI-X supports any
+number of interrupts between 1 and 2048. In contrast, MSI is restricted to
+a maximum of 32 interrupts (and must be a power of two). In addition, the
+MSI interrupt vectors must be allocated consecutively, so the system might
+not be able to allocate as many vectors for MSI as it could for MSI-X. On
+some platforms, MSI interrupts must all be targeted at the same set of CPUs
+whereas MSI-X interrupts can all be targeted at different CPUs.
+
+If a device supports neither MSI-X or MSI it will fall back to a single
+legacy IRQ vector.
+
+The typical usage of MSI or MSI-X interrupts is to allocate as many vectors
+as possible, likely up to the limit supported by the device. If nvec is
+larger than the number supported by the device it will automatically be
+capped to the supported limit, so there is no need to query the number of
+vectors supported beforehand::
+
+ nvec = pci_alloc_irq_vectors(pdev, 1, nvec, PCI_IRQ_ALL_TYPES)
+ if (nvec < 0)
+ goto out_err;
+
+If a driver is unable or unwilling to deal with a variable number of MSI
+interrupts it can request a particular number of interrupts by passing that
+number to pci_alloc_irq_vectors() function as both 'min_vecs' and
+'max_vecs' parameters::
+
+ ret = pci_alloc_irq_vectors(pdev, nvec, nvec, PCI_IRQ_ALL_TYPES);
+ if (ret < 0)
+ goto out_err;
+
+The most notorious example of the request type described above is enabling
+the single MSI mode for a device. It could be done by passing two 1s as
+'min_vecs' and 'max_vecs'::
+
+ ret = pci_alloc_irq_vectors(pdev, 1, 1, PCI_IRQ_ALL_TYPES);
+ if (ret < 0)
+ goto out_err;
+
+Some devices might not support using legacy line interrupts, in which case
+the driver can specify that only MSI or MSI-X is acceptable::
+
+ nvec = pci_alloc_irq_vectors(pdev, 1, nvec, PCI_IRQ_MSI | PCI_IRQ_MSIX);
+ if (nvec < 0)
+ goto out_err;
+
+Legacy APIs
+-----------
+
+The following old APIs to enable and disable MSI or MSI-X interrupts should
+not be used in new code::
+
+ pci_enable_msi() /* deprecated */
+ pci_disable_msi() /* deprecated */
+ pci_enable_msix_range() /* deprecated */
+ pci_enable_msix_exact() /* deprecated */
+ pci_disable_msix() /* deprecated */
+
+Additionally there are APIs to provide the number of supported MSI or MSI-X
+vectors: pci_msi_vec_count() and pci_msix_vec_count(). In general these
+should be avoided in favor of letting pci_alloc_irq_vectors() cap the
+number of vectors. If you have a legitimate special use case for the count
+of vectors we might have to revisit that decision and add a
+pci_nr_irq_vectors() helper that handles MSI and MSI-X transparently.
+
+Considerations when using MSIs
+------------------------------
+
+Spinlocks
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+Most device drivers have a per-device spinlock which is taken in the
+interrupt handler. With pin-based interrupts or a single MSI, it is not
+necessary to disable interrupts (Linux guarantees the same interrupt will
+not be re-entered). If a device uses multiple interrupts, the driver
+must disable interrupts while the lock is held. If the device sends
+a different interrupt, the driver will deadlock trying to recursively
+acquire the spinlock. Such deadlocks can be avoided by using
+spin_lock_irqsave() or spin_lock_irq() which disable local interrupts
+and acquire the lock (see Documentation/kernel-hacking/locking.rst).
+
+How to tell whether MSI/MSI-X is enabled on a device
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+Using 'lspci -v' (as root) may show some devices with "MSI", "Message
+Signalled Interrupts" or "MSI-X" capabilities. Each of these capabilities
+has an 'Enable' flag which is followed with either "+" (enabled)
+or "-" (disabled).
+
+
+MSI quirks
+==========
+
+Several PCI chipsets or devices are known not to support MSIs.
+The PCI stack provides three ways to disable MSIs:
+
+1. globally
+2. on all devices behind a specific bridge
+3. on a single device
+
+Disabling MSIs globally
+-----------------------
+
+Some host chipsets simply don't support MSIs properly. If we're
+lucky, the manufacturer knows this and has indicated it in the ACPI
+FADT table. In this case, Linux automatically disables MSIs.
+Some boards don't include this information in the table and so we have
+to detect them ourselves. The complete list of these is found near the
+quirk_disable_all_msi() function in drivers/pci/quirks.c.
+
+If you have a board which has problems with MSIs, you can pass pci=nomsi
+on the kernel command line to disable MSIs on all devices. It would be
+in your best interests to report the problem to linux-pci@vger.kernel.org
+including a full 'lspci -v' so we can add the quirks to the kernel.
+
+Disabling MSIs below a bridge
+-----------------------------
+
+Some PCI bridges are not able to route MSIs between buses properly.
+In this case, MSIs must be disabled on all devices behind the bridge.
+
+Some bridges allow you to enable MSIs by changing some bits in their
+PCI configuration space (especially the Hypertransport chipsets such
+as the nVidia nForce and Serverworks HT2000). As with host chipsets,
+Linux mostly knows about them and automatically enables MSIs if it can.
+If you have a bridge unknown to Linux, you can enable
+MSIs in configuration space using whatever method you know works, then
+enable MSIs on that bridge by doing::
+
+ echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/$bridge/msi_bus
+
+where $bridge is the PCI address of the bridge you've enabled (eg
+0000:00:0e.0).
+
+To disable MSIs, echo 0 instead of 1. Changing this value should be
+done with caution as it could break interrupt handling for all devices
+below this bridge.
+
+Again, please notify linux-pci@vger.kernel.org of any bridges that need
+special handling.
+
+Disabling MSIs on a single device
+---------------------------------
+
+Some devices are known to have faulty MSI implementations. Usually this
+is handled in the individual device driver, but occasionally it's necessary
+to handle this with a quirk. Some drivers have an option to disable use
+of MSI. While this is a convenient workaround for the driver author,
+it is not good practice, and should not be emulated.
+
+Finding why MSIs are disabled on a device
+-----------------------------------------
+
+From the above three sections, you can see that there are many reasons
+why MSIs may not be enabled for a given device. Your first step should
+be to examine your dmesg carefully to determine whether MSIs are enabled
+for your machine. You should also check your .config to be sure you
+have enabled CONFIG_PCI_MSI.
+
+Then, 'lspci -t' gives the list of bridges above a device. Reading
+`/sys/bus/pci/devices/*/msi_bus` will tell you whether MSIs are enabled (1)
+or disabled (0). If 0 is found in any of the msi_bus files belonging
+to bridges between the PCI root and the device, MSIs are disabled.
+
+It is also worth checking the device driver to see whether it supports MSIs.
+For example, it may contain calls to pci_alloc_irq_vectors() with the
+PCI_IRQ_MSI or PCI_IRQ_MSIX flags.
+
+
+List of device drivers MSI(-X) APIs
+===================================
+
+The PCI/MSI subsystem has a dedicated C file for its exported device driver
+APIs — `drivers/pci/msi/api.c`. The following functions are exported:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/pci/msi/api.c
+ :export:
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.rst b/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5df481ac6193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==================
+PCI Error Recovery
+==================
+
+
+:Authors: - Linas Vepstas <linasvepstas@gmail.com>
+ - Richard Lary <rlary@us.ibm.com>
+ - Mike Mason <mmlnx@us.ibm.com>
+
+
+Many PCI bus controllers are able to detect a variety of hardware
+PCI errors on the bus, such as parity errors on the data and address
+buses, as well as SERR and PERR errors. Some of the more advanced
+chipsets are able to deal with these errors; these include PCIe chipsets,
+and the PCI-host bridges found on IBM Power4, Power5 and Power6-based
+pSeries boxes. A typical action taken is to disconnect the affected device,
+halting all I/O to it. The goal of a disconnection is to avoid system
+corruption; for example, to halt system memory corruption due to DMAs
+to "wild" addresses. Typically, a reconnection mechanism is also
+offered, so that the affected PCI device(s) are reset and put back
+into working condition. The reset phase requires coordination
+between the affected device drivers and the PCI controller chip.
+This document describes a generic API for notifying device drivers
+of a bus disconnection, and then performing error recovery.
+This API is currently implemented in the 2.6.16 and later kernels.
+
+Reporting and recovery is performed in several steps. First, when
+a PCI hardware error has resulted in a bus disconnect, that event
+is reported as soon as possible to all affected device drivers,
+including multiple instances of a device driver on multi-function
+cards. This allows device drivers to avoid deadlocking in spinloops,
+waiting for some i/o-space register to change, when it never will.
+It also gives the drivers a chance to defer incoming I/O as
+needed.
+
+Next, recovery is performed in several stages. Most of the complexity
+is forced by the need to handle multi-function devices, that is,
+devices that have multiple device drivers associated with them.
+In the first stage, each driver is allowed to indicate what type
+of reset it desires, the choices being a simple re-enabling of I/O
+or requesting a slot reset.
+
+If any driver requests a slot reset, that is what will be done.
+
+After a reset and/or a re-enabling of I/O, all drivers are
+again notified, so that they may then perform any device setup/config
+that may be required. After these have all completed, a final
+"resume normal operations" event is sent out.
+
+The biggest reason for choosing a kernel-based implementation rather
+than a user-space implementation was the need to deal with bus
+disconnects of PCI devices attached to storage media, and, in particular,
+disconnects from devices holding the root file system. If the root
+file system is disconnected, a user-space mechanism would have to go
+through a large number of contortions to complete recovery. Almost all
+of the current Linux file systems are not tolerant of disconnection
+from/reconnection to their underlying block device. By contrast,
+bus errors are easy to manage in the device driver. Indeed, most
+device drivers already handle very similar recovery procedures;
+for example, the SCSI-generic layer already provides significant
+mechanisms for dealing with SCSI bus errors and SCSI bus resets.
+
+
+Detailed Design
+===============
+
+Design and implementation details below, based on a chain of
+public email discussions with Ben Herrenschmidt, circa 5 April 2005.
+
+The error recovery API support is exposed to the driver in the form of
+a structure of function pointers pointed to by a new field in struct
+pci_driver. A driver that fails to provide the structure is "non-aware",
+and the actual recovery steps taken are platform dependent. The
+arch/powerpc implementation will simulate a PCI hotplug remove/add.
+
+This structure has the form::
+
+ struct pci_error_handlers
+ {
+ int (*error_detected)(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_channel_state_t);
+ int (*mmio_enabled)(struct pci_dev *dev);
+ int (*slot_reset)(struct pci_dev *dev);
+ void (*resume)(struct pci_dev *dev);
+ void (*cor_error_detected)(struct pci_dev *dev);
+ };
+
+The possible channel states are::
+
+ typedef enum {
+ pci_channel_io_normal, /* I/O channel is in normal state */
+ pci_channel_io_frozen, /* I/O to channel is blocked */
+ pci_channel_io_perm_failure, /* PCI card is dead */
+ } pci_channel_state_t;
+
+Possible return values are::
+
+ enum pci_ers_result {
+ PCI_ERS_RESULT_NONE, /* no result/none/not supported in device driver */
+ PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER, /* Device driver can recover without slot reset */
+ PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET, /* Device driver wants slot to be reset. */
+ PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT, /* Device has completely failed, is unrecoverable */
+ PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED, /* Device driver is fully recovered and operational */
+ };
+
+A driver does not have to implement all of these callbacks; however,
+if it implements any, it must implement error_detected(). If a callback
+is not implemented, the corresponding feature is considered unsupported.
+For example, if mmio_enabled() and resume() aren't there, then it
+is assumed that the driver does not need these callbacks
+for recovery. Typically a driver will want to know about
+a slot_reset().
+
+The actual steps taken by a platform to recover from a PCI error
+event will be platform-dependent, but will follow the general
+sequence described below.
+
+STEP 0: Error Event
+-------------------
+A PCI bus error is detected by the PCI hardware. On powerpc, the slot
+is isolated, in that all I/O is blocked: all reads return 0xffffffff,
+all writes are ignored.
+
+Similarly, on platforms supporting Downstream Port Containment
+(PCIe r7.0 sec 6.2.11), the link to the sub-hierarchy with the
+faulting device is disabled. Any device in the sub-hierarchy
+becomes inaccessible.
+
+STEP 1: Notification
+--------------------
+Platform calls the error_detected() callback on every instance of
+every driver affected by the error.
+
+At this point, the device might not be accessible anymore, depending on
+the platform (the slot will be isolated on powerpc). The driver may
+already have "noticed" the error because of a failing I/O, but this
+is the proper "synchronization point", that is, it gives the driver
+a chance to cleanup, waiting for pending stuff (timers, whatever, etc...)
+to complete; it can take semaphores, schedule, etc... everything but
+touch the device. Within this function and after it returns, the driver
+shouldn't do any new IOs. Called in task context. This is sort of a
+"quiesce" point. See note about interrupts at the end of this doc.
+
+All drivers participating in this system must implement this call.
+The driver must return one of the following result codes:
+
+ - PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED
+ Driver returns this if it thinks the device is usable despite
+ the error and does not need further intervention.
+ - PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER
+ Driver returns this if it thinks it might be able to recover
+ the HW by just banging IOs or if it wants to be given
+ a chance to extract some diagnostic information (see
+ mmio_enable, below).
+ - PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET
+ Driver returns this if it can't recover without a
+ slot reset.
+ - PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT
+ Driver returns this if it doesn't want to recover at all.
+
+The next step taken will depend on the result codes returned by the
+drivers.
+
+If all drivers on the segment/slot return PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER,
+then the platform should re-enable IOs on the slot (or do nothing in
+particular, if the platform doesn't isolate slots), and recovery
+proceeds to STEP 2 (MMIO Enable).
+
+If any driver requested a slot reset (by returning PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET),
+then recovery proceeds to STEP 4 (Slot Reset).
+
+If the platform is unable to recover the slot, the next step
+is STEP 6 (Permanent Failure).
+
+.. note::
+
+ The current powerpc implementation assumes that a device driver will
+ *not* schedule or semaphore in this routine; the current powerpc
+ implementation uses one kernel thread to notify all devices;
+ thus, if one device sleeps/schedules, all devices are affected.
+ Doing better requires complex multi-threaded logic in the error
+ recovery implementation (e.g. waiting for all notification threads
+ to "join" before proceeding with recovery.) This seems excessively
+ complex and not worth implementing.
+
+ The current powerpc implementation doesn't much care if the device
+ attempts I/O at this point, or not. I/Os will fail, returning
+ a value of 0xff on read, and writes will be dropped. If more than
+ EEH_MAX_FAILS I/Os are attempted to a frozen adapter, EEH
+ assumes that the device driver has gone into an infinite loop
+ and prints an error to syslog. A reboot is then required to
+ get the device working again.
+
+STEP 2: MMIO Enabled
+--------------------
+The platform re-enables MMIO to the device (but typically not the
+DMA), and then calls the mmio_enabled() callback on all affected
+device drivers.
+
+This is the "early recovery" call. IOs are allowed again, but DMA is
+not, with some restrictions. This is NOT a callback for the driver to
+start operations again, only to peek/poke at the device, extract diagnostic
+information, if any, and eventually do things like trigger a device local
+reset or some such, but not restart operations. This callback is made if
+all drivers on a segment agree that they can try to recover and if no automatic
+link reset was performed by the HW. If the platform can't just re-enable IOs
+without a slot reset or a link reset, it will not call this callback, and
+instead will have gone directly to STEP 3 (Link Reset) or STEP 4 (Slot Reset).
+
+.. note::
+
+ On platforms supporting Advanced Error Reporting (PCIe r7.0 sec 6.2),
+ the faulting device may already be accessible in STEP 1 (Notification).
+ Drivers should nevertheless defer accesses to STEP 2 (MMIO Enabled)
+ to be compatible with EEH on powerpc and with s390 (where devices are
+ inaccessible until STEP 2).
+
+ On platforms supporting Downstream Port Containment, the link to the
+ sub-hierarchy with the faulting device is re-enabled in STEP 3 (Link
+ Reset). Hence devices in the sub-hierarchy are inaccessible until
+ STEP 4 (Slot Reset).
+
+ For errors such as Surprise Down (PCIe r7.0 sec 6.2.7), the device
+ may not even be accessible in STEP 4 (Slot Reset). Drivers can detect
+ accessibility by checking whether reads from the device return all 1's
+ (PCI_POSSIBLE_ERROR()).
+
+.. note::
+
+ The following is proposed; no platform implements this yet:
+ Proposal: All I/Os should be done _synchronously_ from within
+ this callback, errors triggered by them will be returned via
+ the normal pci_check_whatever() API, no new error_detected()
+ callback will be issued due to an error happening here. However,
+ such an error might cause IOs to be re-blocked for the whole
+ segment, and thus invalidate the recovery that other devices
+ on the same segment might have done, forcing the whole segment
+ into one of the next states, that is, link reset or slot reset.
+
+The driver should return one of the following result codes:
+ - PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED
+ Driver returns this if it thinks the device is fully
+ functional and thinks it is ready to start
+ normal driver operations again. There is no
+ guarantee that the driver will actually be
+ allowed to proceed, as another driver on the
+ same segment might have failed and thus triggered a
+ slot reset on platforms that support it.
+
+ - PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET
+ Driver returns this if it thinks the device is not
+ recoverable in its current state and it needs a slot
+ reset to proceed.
+
+ - PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT
+ Same as above. Total failure, no recovery even after
+ reset driver dead. (To be defined more precisely)
+
+The next step taken depends on the results returned by the drivers.
+If all drivers returned PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED, then the platform
+proceeds to either STEP 3 (Link Reset) or to STEP 5 (Resume Operations).
+
+If any driver returned PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET, then the platform
+proceeds to STEP 4 (Slot Reset)
+
+STEP 3: Link Reset
+------------------
+The platform resets the link. This is a PCIe specific step
+and is done whenever a fatal error has been detected that can be
+"solved" by resetting the link.
+
+STEP 4: Slot Reset
+------------------
+
+In response to a return value of PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET, the
+platform will perform a slot reset on the requesting PCI device(s).
+The actual steps taken by a platform to perform a slot reset
+will be platform-dependent. Upon completion of slot reset, the
+platform will call the device slot_reset() callback.
+
+Powerpc platforms implement two levels of slot reset:
+soft reset(default) and fundamental(optional) reset.
+
+Powerpc soft reset consists of asserting the adapter #RST line and then
+restoring the PCI BARs and PCI configuration header to a state
+that is equivalent to what it would be after a fresh system
+power-on followed by power-on BIOS/system firmware initialization.
+Soft reset is also known as hot-reset.
+
+Powerpc fundamental reset is supported by PCIe cards only
+and results in device's state machines, hardware logic, port states and
+configuration registers to initialize to their default conditions.
+
+For most PCI devices, a soft reset will be sufficient for recovery.
+Optional fundamental reset is provided to support a limited number
+of PCIe devices for which a soft reset is not sufficient
+for recovery.
+
+If the platform supports PCI hotplug, then the reset might be
+performed by toggling the slot electrical power off/on.
+
+It is important for the platform to restore the PCI config space
+to the "fresh poweron" state, rather than the "last state". After
+a slot reset, the device driver will almost always use its standard
+device initialization routines, and an unusual config space setup
+may result in hung devices, kernel panics, or silent data corruption.
+
+This call gives drivers the chance to re-initialize the hardware
+(re-download firmware, etc.). At this point, the driver may assume
+that the card is in a fresh state and is fully functional. The slot
+is unfrozen and the driver has full access to PCI config space,
+memory mapped I/O space and DMA. Interrupts (Legacy, MSI, or MSI-X)
+will also be available.
+
+Drivers should not restart normal I/O processing operations
+at this point. If all device drivers report success on this
+callback, the platform will call resume() to complete the sequence,
+and let the driver restart normal I/O processing.
+
+A driver can still return a critical failure for this function if
+it can't get the device operational after reset. If the platform
+previously tried a soft reset, it might now try a hard reset (power
+cycle) and then call slot_reset() again. If the device still can't
+be recovered, there is nothing more that can be done; the platform
+will typically report a "permanent failure" in such a case. The
+device will be considered "dead" in this case.
+
+Drivers for multi-function cards will need to coordinate among
+themselves as to which driver instance will perform any "one-shot"
+or global device initialization. For example, the Symbios sym53cxx2
+driver performs device init only from PCI function 0::
+
+ + if (PCI_FUNC(pdev->devfn) == 0)
+ + sym_reset_scsi_bus(np, 0);
+
+Result codes:
+ - PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT
+ Same as above.
+
+Drivers for PCIe cards that require a fundamental reset must
+set the needs_freset bit in the pci_dev structure in their probe function.
+For example, the QLogic qla2xxx driver sets the needs_freset bit for certain
+PCI card types::
+
+ + /* Set EEH reset type to fundamental if required by hba */
+ + if (IS_QLA24XX(ha) || IS_QLA25XX(ha) || IS_QLA81XX(ha))
+ + pdev->needs_freset = 1;
+ +
+
+Platform proceeds either to STEP 5 (Resume Operations) or STEP 6 (Permanent
+Failure).
+
+.. note::
+
+ The current powerpc implementation does not try a power-cycle
+ reset if the driver returned PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT.
+ However, it probably should.
+
+
+STEP 5: Resume Operations
+-------------------------
+The platform will call the resume() callback on all affected device
+drivers if all drivers on the segment have returned
+PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED from one of the 3 previous callbacks.
+The goal of this callback is to tell the driver to restart activity,
+that everything is back and running. This callback does not return
+a result code.
+
+At this point, if a new error happens, the platform will restart
+a new error recovery sequence.
+
+STEP 6: Permanent Failure
+-------------------------
+A "permanent failure" has occurred, and the platform cannot recover
+the device. The platform will call error_detected() with a
+pci_channel_state_t value of pci_channel_io_perm_failure.
+
+The device driver should, at this point, assume the worst. It should
+cancel all pending I/O, refuse all new I/O, returning -EIO to
+higher layers. The device driver should then clean up all of its
+memory and remove itself from kernel operations, much as it would
+during system shutdown.
+
+The platform will typically notify the system operator of the
+permanent failure in some way. If the device is hotplug-capable,
+the operator will probably want to remove and replace the device.
+Note, however, not all failures are truly "permanent". Some are
+caused by over-heating, some by a poorly seated card. Many
+PCI error events are caused by software bugs, e.g. DMAs to
+wild addresses or bogus split transactions due to programming
+errors. See the discussion in Documentation/arch/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.rst
+for additional detail on real-life experience of the causes of
+software errors.
+
+
+Conclusion; General Remarks
+---------------------------
+The way the callbacks are called is platform policy. A platform with
+no slot reset capability may want to just "ignore" drivers that can't
+recover (disconnect them) and try to let other cards on the same segment
+recover. Keep in mind that in most real life cases, though, there will
+be only one driver per segment.
+
+Now, a note about interrupts. If you get an interrupt and your
+device is dead or has been isolated, there is a problem :)
+The current policy is to turn this into a platform policy.
+That is, the recovery API only requires that:
+
+ - There is no guarantee that interrupt delivery can proceed from any
+ device on the segment starting from the error detection and until the
+ slot_reset callback is called, at which point interrupts are expected
+ to be fully operational.
+
+ - There is no guarantee that interrupt delivery is stopped, that is,
+ a driver that gets an interrupt after detecting an error, or that detects
+ an error within the interrupt handler such that it prevents proper
+ ack'ing of the interrupt (and thus removal of the source) should just
+ return IRQ_NOTHANDLED. It's up to the platform to deal with that
+ condition, typically by masking the IRQ source during the duration of
+ the error handling. It is expected that the platform "knows" which
+ interrupts are routed to error-management capable slots and can deal
+ with temporarily disabling that IRQ number during error processing (this
+ isn't terribly complex). That means some IRQ latency for other devices
+ sharing the interrupt, but there is simply no other way. High end
+ platforms aren't supposed to share interrupts between many devices
+ anyway :)
+
+.. note::
+
+ Implementation details for the powerpc platform are discussed in
+ the file Documentation/arch/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.rst
+
+ As of this writing, there is a growing list of device drivers with
+ patches implementing error recovery. Not all of these patches are in
+ mainline yet. These may be used as "examples":
+
+ - drivers/scsi/ipr
+ - drivers/scsi/sym53c8xx_2
+ - drivers/scsi/qla2xxx
+ - drivers/scsi/lpfc
+ - drivers/next/bnx2.c
+ - drivers/next/e100.c
+ - drivers/net/e1000
+ - drivers/net/e1000e
+ - drivers/net/ixgbe
+ - drivers/net/cxgb3
+ - drivers/net/s2io.c
+
+ The cor_error_detected() callback is invoked in handle_error_source() when
+ the error severity is "correctable". The callback is optional and allows
+ additional logging to be done if desired. See example:
+
+ - drivers/cxl/pci.c
+
+The End
+-------
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt b/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6650af432523..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,396 +0,0 @@
-
- PCI Error Recovery
- ------------------
- February 2, 2006
-
- Current document maintainer:
- Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
-
-
-Many PCI bus controllers are able to detect a variety of hardware
-PCI errors on the bus, such as parity errors on the data and address
-busses, as well as SERR and PERR errors. Some of the more advanced
-chipsets are able to deal with these errors; these include PCI-E chipsets,
-and the PCI-host bridges found on IBM Power4 and Power5-based pSeries
-boxes. A typical action taken is to disconnect the affected device,
-halting all I/O to it. The goal of a disconnection is to avoid system
-corruption; for example, to halt system memory corruption due to DMA's
-to "wild" addresses. Typically, a reconnection mechanism is also
-offered, so that the affected PCI device(s) are reset and put back
-into working condition. The reset phase requires coordination
-between the affected device drivers and the PCI controller chip.
-This document describes a generic API for notifying device drivers
-of a bus disconnection, and then performing error recovery.
-This API is currently implemented in the 2.6.16 and later kernels.
-
-Reporting and recovery is performed in several steps. First, when
-a PCI hardware error has resulted in a bus disconnect, that event
-is reported as soon as possible to all affected device drivers,
-including multiple instances of a device driver on multi-function
-cards. This allows device drivers to avoid deadlocking in spinloops,
-waiting for some i/o-space register to change, when it never will.
-It also gives the drivers a chance to defer incoming I/O as
-needed.
-
-Next, recovery is performed in several stages. Most of the complexity
-is forced by the need to handle multi-function devices, that is,
-devices that have multiple device drivers associated with them.
-In the first stage, each driver is allowed to indicate what type
-of reset it desires, the choices being a simple re-enabling of I/O
-or requesting a hard reset (a full electrical #RST of the PCI card).
-If any driver requests a full reset, that is what will be done.
-
-After a full reset and/or a re-enabling of I/O, all drivers are
-again notified, so that they may then perform any device setup/config
-that may be required. After these have all completed, a final
-"resume normal operations" event is sent out.
-
-The biggest reason for choosing a kernel-based implementation rather
-than a user-space implementation was the need to deal with bus
-disconnects of PCI devices attached to storage media, and, in particular,
-disconnects from devices holding the root file system. If the root
-file system is disconnected, a user-space mechanism would have to go
-through a large number of contortions to complete recovery. Almost all
-of the current Linux file systems are not tolerant of disconnection
-from/reconnection to their underlying block device. By contrast,
-bus errors are easy to manage in the device driver. Indeed, most
-device drivers already handle very similar recovery procedures;
-for example, the SCSI-generic layer already provides significant
-mechanisms for dealing with SCSI bus errors and SCSI bus resets.
-
-
-Detailed Design
----------------
-Design and implementation details below, based on a chain of
-public email discussions with Ben Herrenschmidt, circa 5 April 2005.
-
-The error recovery API support is exposed to the driver in the form of
-a structure of function pointers pointed to by a new field in struct
-pci_driver. A driver that fails to provide the structure is "non-aware",
-and the actual recovery steps taken are platform dependent. The
-arch/powerpc implementation will simulate a PCI hotplug remove/add.
-
-This structure has the form:
-struct pci_error_handlers
-{
- int (*error_detected)(struct pci_dev *dev, enum pci_channel_state);
- int (*mmio_enabled)(struct pci_dev *dev);
- int (*link_reset)(struct pci_dev *dev);
- int (*slot_reset)(struct pci_dev *dev);
- void (*resume)(struct pci_dev *dev);
-};
-
-The possible channel states are:
-enum pci_channel_state {
- pci_channel_io_normal, /* I/O channel is in normal state */
- pci_channel_io_frozen, /* I/O to channel is blocked */
- pci_channel_io_perm_failure, /* PCI card is dead */
-};
-
-Possible return values are:
-enum pci_ers_result {
- PCI_ERS_RESULT_NONE, /* no result/none/not supported in device driver */
- PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER, /* Device driver can recover without slot reset */
- PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET, /* Device driver wants slot to be reset. */
- PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT, /* Device has completely failed, is unrecoverable */
- PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED, /* Device driver is fully recovered and operational */
-};
-
-A driver does not have to implement all of these callbacks; however,
-if it implements any, it must implement error_detected(). If a callback
-is not implemented, the corresponding feature is considered unsupported.
-For example, if mmio_enabled() and resume() aren't there, then it
-is assumed that the driver is not doing any direct recovery and requires
-a reset. If link_reset() is not implemented, the card is assumed as
-not care about link resets. Typically a driver will want to know about
-a slot_reset().
-
-The actual steps taken by a platform to recover from a PCI error
-event will be platform-dependent, but will follow the general
-sequence described below.
-
-STEP 0: Error Event
--------------------
-PCI bus error is detect by the PCI hardware. On powerpc, the slot
-is isolated, in that all I/O is blocked: all reads return 0xffffffff,
-all writes are ignored.
-
-
-STEP 1: Notification
---------------------
-Platform calls the error_detected() callback on every instance of
-every driver affected by the error.
-
-At this point, the device might not be accessible anymore, depending on
-the platform (the slot will be isolated on powerpc). The driver may
-already have "noticed" the error because of a failing I/O, but this
-is the proper "synchronization point", that is, it gives the driver
-a chance to cleanup, waiting for pending stuff (timers, whatever, etc...)
-to complete; it can take semaphores, schedule, etc... everything but
-touch the device. Within this function and after it returns, the driver
-shouldn't do any new IOs. Called in task context. This is sort of a
-"quiesce" point. See note about interrupts at the end of this doc.
-
-All drivers participating in this system must implement this call.
-The driver must return one of the following result codes:
- - PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER:
- Driver returns this if it thinks it might be able to recover
- the HW by just banging IOs or if it wants to be given
- a chance to extract some diagnostic information (see
- mmio_enable, below).
- - PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET:
- Driver returns this if it can't recover without a hard
- slot reset.
- - PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT:
- Driver returns this if it doesn't want to recover at all.
-
-The next step taken will depend on the result codes returned by the
-drivers.
-
-If all drivers on the segment/slot return PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER,
-then the platform should re-enable IOs on the slot (or do nothing in
-particular, if the platform doesn't isolate slots), and recovery
-proceeds to STEP 2 (MMIO Enable).
-
-If any driver requested a slot reset (by returning PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET),
-then recovery proceeds to STEP 4 (Slot Reset).
-
-If the platform is unable to recover the slot, the next step
-is STEP 6 (Permanent Failure).
-
->>> The current powerpc implementation assumes that a device driver will
->>> *not* schedule or semaphore in this routine; the current powerpc
->>> implementation uses one kernel thread to notify all devices;
->>> thus, if one device sleeps/schedules, all devices are affected.
->>> Doing better requires complex multi-threaded logic in the error
->>> recovery implementation (e.g. waiting for all notification threads
->>> to "join" before proceeding with recovery.) This seems excessively
->>> complex and not worth implementing.
-
->>> The current powerpc implementation doesn't much care if the device
->>> attempts I/O at this point, or not. I/O's will fail, returning
->>> a value of 0xff on read, and writes will be dropped. If the device
->>> driver attempts more than 10K I/O's to a frozen adapter, it will
->>> assume that the device driver has gone into an infinite loop, and
->>> it will panic the kernel. There doesn't seem to be any other
->>> way of stopping a device driver that insists on spinning on I/O.
-
-STEP 2: MMIO Enabled
--------------------
-The platform re-enables MMIO to the device (but typically not the
-DMA), and then calls the mmio_enabled() callback on all affected
-device drivers.
-
-This is the "early recovery" call. IOs are allowed again, but DMA is
-not (hrm... to be discussed, I prefer not), with some restrictions. This
-is NOT a callback for the driver to start operations again, only to
-peek/poke at the device, extract diagnostic information, if any, and
-eventually do things like trigger a device local reset or some such,
-but not restart operations. This is callback is made if all drivers on
-a segment agree that they can try to recover and if no automatic link reset
-was performed by the HW. If the platform can't just re-enable IOs without
-a slot reset or a link reset, it wont call this callback, and instead
-will have gone directly to STEP 3 (Link Reset) or STEP 4 (Slot Reset)
-
->>> The following is proposed; no platform implements this yet:
->>> Proposal: All I/O's should be done _synchronously_ from within
->>> this callback, errors triggered by them will be returned via
->>> the normal pci_check_whatever() API, no new error_detected()
->>> callback will be issued due to an error happening here. However,
->>> such an error might cause IOs to be re-blocked for the whole
->>> segment, and thus invalidate the recovery that other devices
->>> on the same segment might have done, forcing the whole segment
->>> into one of the next states, that is, link reset or slot reset.
-
-The driver should return one of the following result codes:
- - PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED
- Driver returns this if it thinks the device is fully
- functional and thinks it is ready to start
- normal driver operations again. There is no
- guarantee that the driver will actually be
- allowed to proceed, as another driver on the
- same segment might have failed and thus triggered a
- slot reset on platforms that support it.
-
- - PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET
- Driver returns this if it thinks the device is not
- recoverable in it's current state and it needs a slot
- reset to proceed.
-
- - PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT
- Same as above. Total failure, no recovery even after
- reset driver dead. (To be defined more precisely)
-
-The next step taken depends on the results returned by the drivers.
-If all drivers returned PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED, then the platform
-proceeds to either STEP3 (Link Reset) or to STEP 5 (Resume Operations).
-
-If any driver returned PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET, then the platform
-proceeds to STEP 4 (Slot Reset)
-
->>> The current powerpc implementation does not implement this callback.
-
-
-STEP 3: Link Reset
-------------------
-The platform resets the link, and then calls the link_reset() callback
-on all affected device drivers. This is a PCI-Express specific state
-and is done whenever a non-fatal error has been detected that can be
-"solved" by resetting the link. This call informs the driver of the
-reset and the driver should check to see if the device appears to be
-in working condition.
-
-The driver is not supposed to restart normal driver I/O operations
-at this point. It should limit itself to "probing" the device to
-check it's recoverability status. If all is right, then the platform
-will call resume() once all drivers have ack'd link_reset().
-
- Result codes:
- (identical to STEP 3 (MMIO Enabled)
-
-The platform then proceeds to either STEP 4 (Slot Reset) or STEP 5
-(Resume Operations).
-
->>> The current powerpc implementation does not implement this callback.
-
-
-STEP 4: Slot Reset
-------------------
-The platform performs a soft or hard reset of the device, and then
-calls the slot_reset() callback.
-
-A soft reset consists of asserting the adapter #RST line and then
-restoring the PCI BAR's and PCI configuration header to a state
-that is equivalent to what it would be after a fresh system
-power-on followed by power-on BIOS/system firmware initialization.
-If the platform supports PCI hotplug, then the reset might be
-performed by toggling the slot electrical power off/on.
-
-It is important for the platform to restore the PCI config space
-to the "fresh poweron" state, rather than the "last state". After
-a slot reset, the device driver will almost always use its standard
-device initialization routines, and an unusual config space setup
-may result in hung devices, kernel panics, or silent data corruption.
-
-This call gives drivers the chance to re-initialize the hardware
-(re-download firmware, etc.). At this point, the driver may assume
-that he card is in a fresh state and is fully functional. In
-particular, interrupt generation should work normally.
-
-Drivers should not yet restart normal I/O processing operations
-at this point. If all device drivers report success on this
-callback, the platform will call resume() to complete the sequence,
-and let the driver restart normal I/O processing.
-
-A driver can still return a critical failure for this function if
-it can't get the device operational after reset. If the platform
-previously tried a soft reset, it might now try a hard reset (power
-cycle) and then call slot_reset() again. It the device still can't
-be recovered, there is nothing more that can be done; the platform
-will typically report a "permanent failure" in such a case. The
-device will be considered "dead" in this case.
-
-Drivers for multi-function cards will need to coordinate among
-themselves as to which driver instance will perform any "one-shot"
-or global device initialization. For example, the Symbios sym53cxx2
-driver performs device init only from PCI function 0:
-
-+ if (PCI_FUNC(pdev->devfn) == 0)
-+ sym_reset_scsi_bus(np, 0);
-
- Result codes:
- - PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT
- Same as above.
-
-Platform proceeds either to STEP 5 (Resume Operations) or STEP 6 (Permanent
-Failure).
-
->>> The current powerpc implementation does not currently try a
->>> power-cycle reset if the driver returned PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT.
->>> However, it probably should.
-
-
-STEP 5: Resume Operations
--------------------------
-The platform will call the resume() callback on all affected device
-drivers if all drivers on the segment have returned
-PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED from one of the 3 previous callbacks.
-The goal of this callback is to tell the driver to restart activity,
-that everything is back and running. This callback does not return
-a result code.
-
-At this point, if a new error happens, the platform will restart
-a new error recovery sequence.
-
-STEP 6: Permanent Failure
--------------------------
-A "permanent failure" has occurred, and the platform cannot recover
-the device. The platform will call error_detected() with a
-pci_channel_state value of pci_channel_io_perm_failure.
-
-The device driver should, at this point, assume the worst. It should
-cancel all pending I/O, refuse all new I/O, returning -EIO to
-higher layers. The device driver should then clean up all of its
-memory and remove itself from kernel operations, much as it would
-during system shutdown.
-
-The platform will typically notify the system operator of the
-permanent failure in some way. If the device is hotplug-capable,
-the operator will probably want to remove and replace the device.
-Note, however, not all failures are truly "permanent". Some are
-caused by over-heating, some by a poorly seated card. Many
-PCI error events are caused by software bugs, e.g. DMA's to
-wild addresses or bogus split transactions due to programming
-errors. See the discussion in powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt
-for additional detail on real-life experience of the causes of
-software errors.
-
-
-Conclusion; General Remarks
----------------------------
-The way those callbacks are called is platform policy. A platform with
-no slot reset capability may want to just "ignore" drivers that can't
-recover (disconnect them) and try to let other cards on the same segment
-recover. Keep in mind that in most real life cases, though, there will
-be only one driver per segment.
-
-Now, a note about interrupts. If you get an interrupt and your
-device is dead or has been isolated, there is a problem :)
-The current policy is to turn this into a platform policy.
-That is, the recovery API only requires that:
-
- - There is no guarantee that interrupt delivery can proceed from any
-device on the segment starting from the error detection and until the
-resume callback is sent, at which point interrupts are expected to be
-fully operational.
-
- - There is no guarantee that interrupt delivery is stopped, that is,
-a driver that gets an interrupt after detecting an error, or that detects
-an error within the interrupt handler such that it prevents proper
-ack'ing of the interrupt (and thus removal of the source) should just
-return IRQ_NOTHANDLED. It's up to the platform to deal with that
-condition, typically by masking the IRQ source during the duration of
-the error handling. It is expected that the platform "knows" which
-interrupts are routed to error-management capable slots and can deal
-with temporarily disabling that IRQ number during error processing (this
-isn't terribly complex). That means some IRQ latency for other devices
-sharing the interrupt, but there is simply no other way. High end
-platforms aren't supposed to share interrupts between many devices
-anyway :)
-
->>> Implementation details for the powerpc platform are discussed in
->>> the file Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt
-
->>> As of this writing, there are six device drivers with patches
->>> implementing error recovery. Not all of these patches are in
->>> mainline yet. These may be used as "examples":
->>>
->>> drivers/scsi/ipr.c
->>> drivers/scsi/sym53cxx_2
->>> drivers/next/e100.c
->>> drivers/net/e1000
->>> drivers/net/ixgb
->>> drivers/net/s2io.c
-
-The End
--------
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pci-iov-howto.rst b/Documentation/PCI/pci-iov-howto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..27d35933cea2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/pci-iov-howto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+.. include:: <isonum.txt>
+
+====================================
+PCI Express I/O Virtualization Howto
+====================================
+
+:Copyright: |copy| 2009 Intel Corporation
+:Authors: - Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
+ - Donald Dutile <ddutile@redhat.com>
+
+Overview
+========
+
+What is SR-IOV
+--------------
+
+Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) is a PCI Express Extended
+capability which makes one physical device appear as multiple virtual
+devices. The physical device is referred to as Physical Function (PF)
+while the virtual devices are referred to as Virtual Functions (VF).
+Allocation of the VF can be dynamically controlled by the PF via
+registers encapsulated in the capability. By default, this feature is
+not enabled and the PF behaves as traditional PCIe device. Once it's
+turned on, each VF's PCI configuration space can be accessed by its own
+Bus, Device and Function Number (Routing ID). And each VF also has PCI
+Memory Space, which is used to map its register set. VF device driver
+operates on the register set so it can be functional and appear as a
+real existing PCI device.
+
+User Guide
+==========
+
+How can I enable SR-IOV capability
+----------------------------------
+
+Multiple methods are available for SR-IOV enablement.
+In the first method, the device driver (PF driver) will control the
+enabling and disabling of the capability via API provided by SR-IOV core.
+If the hardware has SR-IOV capability, loading its PF driver would
+enable it and all VFs associated with the PF. Some PF drivers require
+a module parameter to be set to determine the number of VFs to enable.
+In the second method, a write to the sysfs file sriov_numvfs will
+enable and disable the VFs associated with a PCIe PF. This method
+enables per-PF, VF enable/disable values versus the first method,
+which applies to all PFs of the same device. Additionally, the
+PCI SRIOV core support ensures that enable/disable operations are
+valid to reduce duplication in multiple drivers for the same
+checks, e.g., check numvfs == 0 if enabling VFs, ensure
+numvfs <= totalvfs.
+The second method is the recommended method for new/future VF devices.
+
+How can I use the Virtual Functions
+-----------------------------------
+
+The VF is treated as hot-plugged PCI devices in the kernel, so they
+should be able to work in the same way as real PCI devices. The VF
+requires device driver that is same as a normal PCI device's.
+
+Developer Guide
+===============
+
+SR-IOV API
+----------
+
+To enable SR-IOV capability:
+
+(a) For the first method, in the driver::
+
+ int pci_enable_sriov(struct pci_dev *dev, int nr_virtfn);
+
+'nr_virtfn' is number of VFs to be enabled.
+
+(b) For the second method, from sysfs::
+
+ echo 'nr_virtfn' > \
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/<DOMAIN:BUS:DEVICE.FUNCTION>/sriov_numvfs
+
+To disable SR-IOV capability:
+
+(a) For the first method, in the driver::
+
+ void pci_disable_sriov(struct pci_dev *dev);
+
+(b) For the second method, from sysfs::
+
+ echo 0 > \
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/<DOMAIN:BUS:DEVICE.FUNCTION>/sriov_numvfs
+
+To enable auto probing VFs by a compatible driver on the host, run
+command below before enabling SR-IOV capabilities. This is the
+default behavior.
+::
+
+ echo 1 > \
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/<DOMAIN:BUS:DEVICE.FUNCTION>/sriov_drivers_autoprobe
+
+To disable auto probing VFs by a compatible driver on the host, run
+command below before enabling SR-IOV capabilities. Updating this
+entry will not affect VFs which are already probed.
+::
+
+ echo 0 > \
+ /sys/bus/pci/devices/<DOMAIN:BUS:DEVICE.FUNCTION>/sriov_drivers_autoprobe
+
+Usage example
+-------------
+
+Following piece of code illustrates the usage of the SR-IOV API.
+::
+
+ static int dev_probe(struct pci_dev *dev, const struct pci_device_id *id)
+ {
+ pci_enable_sriov(dev, NR_VIRTFN);
+
+ ...
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ static void dev_remove(struct pci_dev *dev)
+ {
+ pci_disable_sriov(dev);
+
+ ...
+ }
+
+ static int dev_suspend(struct device *dev)
+ {
+ ...
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ static int dev_resume(struct device *dev)
+ {
+ ...
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ static void dev_shutdown(struct pci_dev *dev)
+ {
+ ...
+ }
+
+ static int dev_sriov_configure(struct pci_dev *dev, int numvfs)
+ {
+ if (numvfs > 0) {
+ ...
+ pci_enable_sriov(dev, numvfs);
+ ...
+ return numvfs;
+ }
+ if (numvfs == 0) {
+ ....
+ pci_disable_sriov(dev);
+ ...
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ static struct pci_driver dev_driver = {
+ .name = "SR-IOV Physical Function driver",
+ .id_table = dev_id_table,
+ .probe = dev_probe,
+ .remove = dev_remove,
+ .driver.pm = &dev_pm_ops,
+ .shutdown = dev_shutdown,
+ .sriov_configure = dev_sriov_configure,
+ };
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pci.rst b/Documentation/PCI/pci.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f4d2662871ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/pci.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==============================
+How To Write Linux PCI Drivers
+==============================
+
+:Authors: - Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
+ - Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org>
+
+The world of PCI is vast and full of (mostly unpleasant) surprises.
+Since each CPU architecture implements different chip-sets and PCI devices
+have different requirements (erm, "features"), the result is the PCI support
+in the Linux kernel is not as trivial as one would wish. This short paper
+tries to introduce all potential driver authors to Linux APIs for
+PCI device drivers.
+
+A more complete resource is the third edition of "Linux Device Drivers"
+by Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman.
+LDD3 is available for free (under Creative Commons License) from:
+https://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/.
+
+However, keep in mind that all documents are subject to "bit rot".
+Refer to the source code if things are not working as described here.
+
+Please send questions/comments/patches about Linux PCI API to the
+"Linux PCI" <linux-pci@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz> mailing list.
+
+
+Structure of PCI drivers
+========================
+PCI drivers "discover" PCI devices in a system via pci_register_driver().
+Actually, it's the other way around. When the PCI generic code discovers
+a new device, the driver with a matching "description" will be notified.
+Details on this below.
+
+pci_register_driver() leaves most of the probing for devices to
+the PCI layer and supports online insertion/removal of devices [thus
+supporting hot-pluggable PCI, CardBus, and Express-Card in a single driver].
+pci_register_driver() call requires passing in a table of function
+pointers and thus dictates the high level structure of a driver.
+
+Once the driver knows about a PCI device and takes ownership, the
+driver generally needs to perform the following initialization:
+
+ - Enable the device
+ - Request MMIO/IOP resources
+ - Set the DMA mask size (for both coherent and streaming DMA)
+ - Allocate and initialize shared control data (pci_allocate_coherent())
+ - Access device configuration space (if needed)
+ - Register IRQ handler (request_irq())
+ - Initialize non-PCI (i.e. LAN/SCSI/etc parts of the chip)
+ - Enable DMA/processing engines
+
+When done using the device, and perhaps the module needs to be unloaded,
+the driver needs to take the following steps:
+
+ - Disable the device from generating IRQs
+ - Release the IRQ (free_irq())
+ - Stop all DMA activity
+ - Release DMA buffers (both streaming and coherent)
+ - Unregister from other subsystems (e.g. scsi or netdev)
+ - Release MMIO/IOP resources
+ - Disable the device
+
+Most of these topics are covered in the following sections.
+For the rest look at LDD3 or <linux/pci.h> .
+
+If the PCI subsystem is not configured (CONFIG_PCI is not set), most of
+the PCI functions described below are defined as inline functions either
+completely empty or just returning an appropriate error codes to avoid
+lots of ifdefs in the drivers.
+
+
+pci_register_driver() call
+==========================
+
+PCI device drivers call ``pci_register_driver()`` during their
+initialization with a pointer to a structure describing the driver
+(``struct pci_driver``):
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/pci.h
+ :functions: pci_driver
+
+The ID table is an array of ``struct pci_device_id`` entries ending with an
+all-zero entry. Definitions with static const are generally preferred.
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/mod_devicetable.h
+ :functions: pci_device_id
+
+Most drivers only need ``PCI_DEVICE()`` or ``PCI_DEVICE_CLASS()`` to set up
+a pci_device_id table.
+
+New PCI IDs may be added to a device driver pci_ids table at runtime
+as shown below::
+
+ echo "vendor device subvendor subdevice class class_mask driver_data" > \
+ /sys/bus/pci/drivers/{driver}/new_id
+
+All fields are passed in as hexadecimal values (no leading 0x).
+The vendor and device fields are mandatory, the others are optional. Users
+need pass only as many optional fields as necessary:
+
+ - subvendor and subdevice fields default to PCI_ANY_ID (FFFFFFFF)
+ - class and classmask fields default to 0
+ - driver_data defaults to 0UL.
+ - override_only field defaults to 0.
+
+Note that driver_data must match the value used by any of the pci_device_id
+entries defined in the driver. This makes the driver_data field mandatory
+if all the pci_device_id entries have a non-zero driver_data value.
+
+Once added, the driver probe routine will be invoked for any unclaimed
+PCI devices listed in its (newly updated) pci_ids list.
+
+When the driver exits, it just calls pci_unregister_driver() and the PCI layer
+automatically calls the remove hook for all devices handled by the driver.
+
+
+"Attributes" for driver functions/data
+--------------------------------------
+
+Please mark the initialization and cleanup functions where appropriate
+(the corresponding macros are defined in <linux/init.h>):
+
+ ====== =================================================
+ __init Initialization code. Thrown away after the driver
+ initializes.
+ __exit Exit code. Ignored for non-modular drivers.
+ ====== =================================================
+
+Tips on when/where to use the above attributes:
+ - The module_init()/module_exit() functions (and all
+ initialization functions called _only_ from these)
+ should be marked __init/__exit.
+
+ - Do not mark the struct pci_driver.
+
+ - Do NOT mark a function if you are not sure which mark to use.
+ Better to not mark the function than mark the function wrong.
+
+
+How to find PCI devices manually
+================================
+
+PCI drivers should have a really good reason for not using the
+pci_register_driver() interface to search for PCI devices.
+The main reason PCI devices are controlled by multiple drivers
+is because one PCI device implements several different HW services.
+E.g. combined serial/parallel port/floppy controller.
+
+A manual search may be performed using the following constructs:
+
+Searching by vendor and device ID::
+
+ struct pci_dev *dev = NULL;
+ while (dev = pci_get_device(VENDOR_ID, DEVICE_ID, dev))
+ configure_device(dev);
+
+Searching by class ID (iterate in a similar way)::
+
+ pci_get_class(CLASS_ID, dev)
+
+Searching by both vendor/device and subsystem vendor/device ID::
+
+ pci_get_subsys(VENDOR_ID,DEVICE_ID, SUBSYS_VENDOR_ID, SUBSYS_DEVICE_ID, dev).
+
+You can use the constant PCI_ANY_ID as a wildcard replacement for
+VENDOR_ID or DEVICE_ID. This allows searching for any device from a
+specific vendor, for example.
+
+These functions are hotplug-safe. They increment the reference count on
+the pci_dev that they return. You must eventually (possibly at module unload)
+decrement the reference count on these devices by calling pci_dev_put().
+
+
+Device Initialization Steps
+===========================
+
+As noted in the introduction, most PCI drivers need the following steps
+for device initialization:
+
+ - Enable the device
+ - Request MMIO/IOP resources
+ - Set the DMA mask size (for both coherent and streaming DMA)
+ - Allocate and initialize shared control data (pci_allocate_coherent())
+ - Access device configuration space (if needed)
+ - Register IRQ handler (request_irq())
+ - Initialize non-PCI (i.e. LAN/SCSI/etc parts of the chip)
+ - Enable DMA/processing engines.
+
+The driver can access PCI config space registers at any time.
+(Well, almost. When running BIST, config space can go away...but
+that will just result in a PCI Bus Master Abort and config reads
+will return garbage).
+
+
+Enable the PCI device
+---------------------
+Before touching any device registers, the driver needs to enable
+the PCI device by calling pci_enable_device(). This will:
+
+ - wake up the device if it was in suspended state,
+ - allocate I/O and memory regions of the device (if BIOS did not),
+ - allocate an IRQ (if BIOS did not).
+
+.. note::
+ pci_enable_device() can fail! Check the return value.
+
+.. warning::
+ OS BUG: we don't check resource allocations before enabling those
+ resources. The sequence would make more sense if we called
+ pci_request_resources() before calling pci_enable_device().
+ Currently, the device drivers can't detect the bug when two
+ devices have been allocated the same range. This is not a common
+ problem and unlikely to get fixed soon.
+
+ This has been discussed before but not changed as of 2.6.19:
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/20060302180025.GC28895@flint.arm.linux.org.uk/
+
+
+pci_set_master() will enable DMA by setting the bus master bit
+in the PCI_COMMAND register. It also fixes the latency timer value if
+it's set to something bogus by the BIOS. pci_clear_master() will
+disable DMA by clearing the bus master bit.
+
+If the PCI device can use the PCI Memory-Write-Invalidate transaction,
+call pci_set_mwi(). This enables the PCI_COMMAND bit for Mem-Wr-Inval
+and also ensures that the cache line size register is set correctly.
+Check the return value of pci_set_mwi() as not all architectures
+or chip-sets may support Memory-Write-Invalidate. Alternatively,
+if Mem-Wr-Inval would be nice to have but is not required, call
+pci_try_set_mwi() to have the system do its best effort at enabling
+Mem-Wr-Inval.
+
+
+Request MMIO/IOP resources
+--------------------------
+Memory (MMIO), and I/O port addresses should NOT be read directly
+from the PCI device config space. Use the values in the pci_dev structure
+as the PCI "bus address" might have been remapped to a "host physical"
+address by the arch/chip-set specific kernel support.
+
+See Documentation/driver-api/io-mapping.rst for how to access device registers
+or device memory.
+
+The device driver needs to call pci_request_region() to verify
+no other device is already using the same address resource.
+Conversely, drivers should call pci_release_region() AFTER
+calling pci_disable_device().
+The idea is to prevent two devices colliding on the same address range.
+
+.. tip::
+ See OS BUG comment above. Currently (2.6.19), The driver can only
+ determine MMIO and IO Port resource availability _after_ calling
+ pci_enable_device().
+
+Generic flavors of pci_request_region() are request_mem_region()
+(for MMIO ranges) and request_region() (for IO Port ranges).
+Use these for address resources that are not described by "normal" PCI
+BARs.
+
+Also see pci_request_selected_regions() below.
+
+
+Set the DMA mask size
+---------------------
+.. note::
+ If anything below doesn't make sense, please refer to
+ Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst. This section is just a reminder that
+ drivers need to indicate DMA capabilities of the device and is not
+ an authoritative source for DMA interfaces.
+
+While all drivers should explicitly indicate the DMA capability
+(e.g. 32 or 64 bit) of the PCI bus master, devices with more than
+32-bit bus master capability for streaming data need the driver
+to "register" this capability by calling dma_set_mask() with
+appropriate parameters. In general this allows more efficient DMA
+on systems where System RAM exists above 4G _physical_ address.
+
+Drivers for all PCI-X and PCIe compliant devices must call
+dma_set_mask() as they are 64-bit DMA devices.
+
+Similarly, drivers must also "register" this capability if the device
+can directly address "coherent memory" in System RAM above 4G physical
+address by calling dma_set_coherent_mask().
+Again, this includes drivers for all PCI-X and PCIe compliant devices.
+Many 64-bit "PCI" devices (before PCI-X) and some PCI-X devices are
+64-bit DMA capable for payload ("streaming") data but not control
+("coherent") data.
+
+
+Setup shared control data
+-------------------------
+Once the DMA masks are set, the driver can allocate "coherent" (a.k.a. shared)
+memory. See Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst for a full description of
+the DMA APIs. This section is just a reminder that it needs to be done
+before enabling DMA on the device.
+
+
+Initialize device registers
+---------------------------
+Some drivers will need specific "capability" fields programmed
+or other "vendor specific" register initialized or reset.
+E.g. clearing pending interrupts.
+
+
+Register IRQ handler
+--------------------
+While calling request_irq() is the last step described here,
+this is often just another intermediate step to initialize a device.
+This step can often be deferred until the device is opened for use.
+
+All interrupt handlers for IRQ lines should be registered with IRQF_SHARED
+and use the devid to map IRQs to devices (remember that all PCI IRQ lines
+can be shared).
+
+request_irq() will associate an interrupt handler and device handle
+with an interrupt number. Historically interrupt numbers represent
+IRQ lines which run from the PCI device to the Interrupt controller.
+With MSI and MSI-X (more below) the interrupt number is a CPU "vector".
+
+request_irq() also enables the interrupt. Make sure the device is
+quiesced and does not have any interrupts pending before registering
+the interrupt handler.
+
+MSI and MSI-X are PCI capabilities. Both are "Message Signaled Interrupts"
+which deliver interrupts to the CPU via a DMA write to a Local APIC.
+The fundamental difference between MSI and MSI-X is how multiple
+"vectors" get allocated. MSI requires contiguous blocks of vectors
+while MSI-X can allocate several individual ones.
+
+MSI capability can be enabled by calling pci_alloc_irq_vectors() with the
+PCI_IRQ_MSI and/or PCI_IRQ_MSIX flags before calling request_irq(). This
+causes the PCI support to program CPU vector data into the PCI device
+capability registers. Many architectures, chip-sets, or BIOSes do NOT
+support MSI or MSI-X and a call to pci_alloc_irq_vectors with just
+the PCI_IRQ_MSI and PCI_IRQ_MSIX flags will fail, so try to always
+specify PCI_IRQ_INTX as well.
+
+Drivers that have different interrupt handlers for MSI/MSI-X and
+legacy INTx should chose the right one based on the msi_enabled
+and msix_enabled flags in the pci_dev structure after calling
+pci_alloc_irq_vectors.
+
+There are (at least) two really good reasons for using MSI:
+
+1) MSI is an exclusive interrupt vector by definition.
+ This means the interrupt handler doesn't have to verify
+ its device caused the interrupt.
+
+2) MSI avoids DMA/IRQ race conditions. DMA to host memory is guaranteed
+ to be visible to the host CPU(s) when the MSI is delivered. This
+ is important for both data coherency and avoiding stale control data.
+ This guarantee allows the driver to omit MMIO reads to flush
+ the DMA stream.
+
+See drivers/infiniband/hw/mthca/ or drivers/net/tg3.c for examples
+of MSI/MSI-X usage.
+
+
+PCI device shutdown
+===================
+
+When a PCI device driver is being unloaded, most of the following
+steps need to be performed:
+
+ - Disable the device from generating IRQs
+ - Release the IRQ (free_irq())
+ - Stop all DMA activity
+ - Release DMA buffers (both streaming and coherent)
+ - Unregister from other subsystems (e.g. scsi or netdev)
+ - Disable device from responding to MMIO/IO Port addresses
+ - Release MMIO/IO Port resource(s)
+
+
+Stop IRQs on the device
+-----------------------
+How to do this is chip/device specific. If it's not done, it opens
+the possibility of a "screaming interrupt" if (and only if)
+the IRQ is shared with another device.
+
+When the shared IRQ handler is "unhooked", the remaining devices
+using the same IRQ line will still need the IRQ enabled. Thus if the
+"unhooked" device asserts IRQ line, the system will respond assuming
+it was one of the remaining devices asserted the IRQ line. Since none
+of the other devices will handle the IRQ, the system will "hang" until
+it decides the IRQ isn't going to get handled and masks the IRQ (100,000
+iterations later). Once the shared IRQ is masked, the remaining devices
+will stop functioning properly. Not a nice situation.
+
+This is another reason to use MSI or MSI-X if it's available.
+MSI and MSI-X are defined to be exclusive interrupts and thus
+are not susceptible to the "screaming interrupt" problem.
+
+
+Release the IRQ
+---------------
+Once the device is quiesced (no more IRQs), one can call free_irq().
+This function will return control once any pending IRQs are handled,
+"unhook" the drivers IRQ handler from that IRQ, and finally release
+the IRQ if no one else is using it.
+
+
+Stop all DMA activity
+---------------------
+It's extremely important to stop all DMA operations BEFORE attempting
+to deallocate DMA control data. Failure to do so can result in memory
+corruption, hangs, and on some chip-sets a hard crash.
+
+Stopping DMA after stopping the IRQs can avoid races where the
+IRQ handler might restart DMA engines.
+
+While this step sounds obvious and trivial, several "mature" drivers
+didn't get this step right in the past.
+
+
+Release DMA buffers
+-------------------
+Once DMA is stopped, clean up streaming DMA first.
+I.e. unmap data buffers and return buffers to "upstream"
+owners if there is one.
+
+Then clean up "coherent" buffers which contain the control data.
+
+See Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst for details on unmapping interfaces.
+
+
+Unregister from other subsystems
+--------------------------------
+Most low level PCI device drivers support some other subsystem
+like USB, ALSA, SCSI, NetDev, Infiniband, etc. Make sure your
+driver isn't losing resources from that other subsystem.
+If this happens, typically the symptom is an Oops (panic) when
+the subsystem attempts to call into a driver that has been unloaded.
+
+
+Disable Device from responding to MMIO/IO Port addresses
+--------------------------------------------------------
+io_unmap() MMIO or IO Port resources and then call pci_disable_device().
+This is the symmetric opposite of pci_enable_device().
+Do not access device registers after calling pci_disable_device().
+
+
+Release MMIO/IO Port Resource(s)
+--------------------------------
+Call pci_release_region() to mark the MMIO or IO Port range as available.
+Failure to do so usually results in the inability to reload the driver.
+
+
+How to access PCI config space
+==============================
+
+You can use `pci_(read|write)_config_(byte|word|dword)` to access the config
+space of a device represented by `struct pci_dev *`. All these functions return
+0 when successful or an error code (`PCIBIOS_...`) which can be translated to a
+text string by pcibios_strerror. Most drivers expect that accesses to valid PCI
+devices don't fail.
+
+If you don't have a struct pci_dev available, you can call
+`pci_bus_(read|write)_config_(byte|word|dword)` to access a given device
+and function on that bus.
+
+If you access fields in the standard portion of the config header, please
+use symbolic names of locations and bits declared in <linux/pci.h>.
+
+If you need to access Extended PCI Capability registers, just call
+pci_find_capability() for the particular capability and it will find the
+corresponding register block for you.
+
+
+Other interesting functions
+===========================
+
+============================= ================================================
+pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot() Find pci_dev corresponding to given domain,
+ bus and slot and number. If the device is
+ found, its reference count is increased.
+pci_set_power_state() Set PCI Power Management state (0=D0 ... 3=D3)
+pci_find_capability() Find specified capability in device's capability
+ list.
+pci_resource_start() Returns bus start address for a given PCI region
+pci_resource_end() Returns bus end address for a given PCI region
+pci_resource_len() Returns the byte length of a PCI region
+pci_set_drvdata() Set private driver data pointer for a pci_dev
+pci_get_drvdata() Return private driver data pointer for a pci_dev
+pci_set_mwi() Enable Memory-Write-Invalidate transactions.
+pci_clear_mwi() Disable Memory-Write-Invalidate transactions.
+============================= ================================================
+
+
+Miscellaneous hints
+===================
+
+When displaying PCI device names to the user (for example when a driver wants
+to tell the user what card has it found), please use pci_name(pci_dev).
+
+Always refer to the PCI devices by a pointer to the pci_dev structure.
+All PCI layer functions use this identification and it's the only
+reasonable one. Don't use bus/slot/function numbers except for very
+special purposes -- on systems with multiple primary buses their semantics
+can be pretty complex.
+
+Don't try to turn on Fast Back to Back writes in your driver. All devices
+on the bus need to be capable of doing it, so this is something which needs
+to be handled by platform and generic code, not individual drivers.
+
+
+Vendor and device identifications
+=================================
+
+Do not add new device or vendor IDs to include/linux/pci_ids.h unless they
+are shared across multiple drivers. You can add private definitions in
+your driver if they're helpful, or just use plain hex constants.
+
+The device IDs are arbitrary hex numbers (vendor controlled) and normally used
+only in a single location, the pci_device_id table.
+
+Please DO submit new vendor/device IDs to https://pci-ids.ucw.cz/.
+There's a mirror of the pci.ids file at https://github.com/pciutils/pciids.
+
+
+Obsolete functions
+==================
+
+There are several functions which you might come across when trying to
+port an old driver to the new PCI interface. They are no longer present
+in the kernel as they aren't compatible with hotplug or PCI domains or
+having sane locking.
+
+================= ===========================================
+pci_find_device() Superseded by pci_get_device()
+pci_find_subsys() Superseded by pci_get_subsys()
+pci_find_slot() Superseded by pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot()
+pci_get_slot() Superseded by pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot()
+================= ===========================================
+
+The alternative is the traditional PCI device driver that walks PCI
+device lists. This is still possible but discouraged.
+
+
+MMIO Space and "Write Posting"
+==============================
+
+Converting a driver from using I/O Port space to using MMIO space
+often requires some additional changes. Specifically, "write posting"
+needs to be handled. Many drivers (e.g. tg3, acenic, sym53c8xx_2)
+already do this. I/O Port space guarantees write transactions reach the PCI
+device before the CPU can continue. Writes to MMIO space allow the CPU
+to continue before the transaction reaches the PCI device. HW weenies
+call this "Write Posting" because the write completion is "posted" to
+the CPU before the transaction has reached its destination.
+
+Thus, timing sensitive code should add readl() where the CPU is
+expected to wait before doing other work. The classic "bit banging"
+sequence works fine for I/O Port space::
+
+ for (i = 8; --i; val >>= 1) {
+ outb(val & 1, ioport_reg); /* write bit */
+ udelay(10);
+ }
+
+The same sequence for MMIO space should be::
+
+ for (i = 8; --i; val >>= 1) {
+ writeb(val & 1, mmio_reg); /* write bit */
+ readb(safe_mmio_reg); /* flush posted write */
+ udelay(10);
+ }
+
+It is important that "safe_mmio_reg" not have any side effects that
+interferes with the correct operation of the device.
+
+Another case to watch out for is when resetting a PCI device. Use PCI
+Configuration space reads to flush the writel(). This will gracefully
+handle the PCI master abort on all platforms if the PCI device is
+expected to not respond to a readl(). Most x86 platforms will allow
+MMIO reads to master abort (a.k.a. "Soft Fail") and return garbage
+(e.g. ~0). But many RISC platforms will crash (a.k.a."Hard Fail").
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pci.txt b/Documentation/PCI/pci.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8d4dc6250c58..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/PCI/pci.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,646 +0,0 @@
-
- How To Write Linux PCI Drivers
-
- by Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz> on 07-Feb-2000
- updated by Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org> on 23-Dec-2006
-
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-The world of PCI is vast and full of (mostly unpleasant) surprises.
-Since each CPU architecture implements different chip-sets and PCI devices
-have different requirements (erm, "features"), the result is the PCI support
-in the Linux kernel is not as trivial as one would wish. This short paper
-tries to introduce all potential driver authors to Linux APIs for
-PCI device drivers.
-
-A more complete resource is the third edition of "Linux Device Drivers"
-by Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman.
-LDD3 is available for free (under Creative Commons License) from:
-
- http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
-
-However, keep in mind that all documents are subject to "bit rot".
-Refer to the source code if things are not working as described here.
-
-Please send questions/comments/patches about Linux PCI API to the
-"Linux PCI" <linux-pci@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz> mailing list.
-
-
-
-0. Structure of PCI drivers
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-PCI drivers "discover" PCI devices in a system via pci_register_driver().
-Actually, it's the other way around. When the PCI generic code discovers
-a new device, the driver with a matching "description" will be notified.
-Details on this below.
-
-pci_register_driver() leaves most of the probing for devices to
-the PCI layer and supports online insertion/removal of devices [thus
-supporting hot-pluggable PCI, CardBus, and Express-Card in a single driver].
-pci_register_driver() call requires passing in a table of function
-pointers and thus dictates the high level structure of a driver.
-
-Once the driver knows about a PCI device and takes ownership, the
-driver generally needs to perform the following initialization:
-
- Enable the device
- Request MMIO/IOP resources
- Set the DMA mask size (for both coherent and streaming DMA)
- Allocate and initialize shared control data (pci_allocate_coherent())
- Access device configuration space (if needed)
- Register IRQ handler (request_irq())
- Initialize non-PCI (i.e. LAN/SCSI/etc parts of the chip)
- Enable DMA/processing engines
-
-When done using the device, and perhaps the module needs to be unloaded,
-the driver needs to take the follow steps:
- Disable the device from generating IRQs
- Release the IRQ (free_irq())
- Stop all DMA activity
- Release DMA buffers (both streaming and coherent)
- Unregister from other subsystems (e.g. scsi or netdev)
- Release MMIO/IOP resources
- Disable the device
-
-Most of these topics are covered in the following sections.
-For the rest look at LDD3 or <linux/pci.h> .
-
-If the PCI subsystem is not configured (CONFIG_PCI is not set), most of
-the PCI functions described below are defined as inline functions either
-completely empty or just returning an appropriate error codes to avoid
-lots of ifdefs in the drivers.
-
-
-
-1. pci_register_driver() call
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-PCI device drivers call pci_register_driver() during their
-initialization with a pointer to a structure describing the driver
-(struct pci_driver):
-
- field name Description
- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------
- id_table Pointer to table of device ID's the driver is
- interested in. Most drivers should export this
- table using MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci,...).
-
- probe This probing function gets called (during execution
- of pci_register_driver() for already existing
- devices or later if a new device gets inserted) for
- all PCI devices which match the ID table and are not
- "owned" by the other drivers yet. This function gets
- passed a "struct pci_dev *" for each device whose
- entry in the ID table matches the device. The probe
- function returns zero when the driver chooses to
- take "ownership" of the device or an error code
- (negative number) otherwise.
- The probe function always gets called from process
- context, so it can sleep.
-
- remove The remove() function gets called whenever a device
- being handled by this driver is removed (either during
- deregistration of the driver or when it's manually
- pulled out of a hot-pluggable slot).
- The remove function always gets called from process
- context, so it can sleep.
-
- suspend Put device into low power state.
- suspend_late Put device into low power state.
-
- resume_early Wake device from low power state.
- resume Wake device from low power state.
-
- (Please see Documentation/power/pci.txt for descriptions
- of PCI Power Management and the related functions.)
-
- shutdown Hook into reboot_notifier_list (kernel/sys.c).
- Intended to stop any idling DMA operations.
- Useful for enabling wake-on-lan (NIC) or changing
- the power state of a device before reboot.
- e.g. drivers/net/e100.c.
-
- err_handler See Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt
-
-
-The ID table is an array of struct pci_device_id entries ending with an
-all-zero entry; use of the macro DEFINE_PCI_DEVICE_TABLE is the preferred
-method of declaring the table. Each entry consists of:
-
- vendor,device Vendor and device ID to match (or PCI_ANY_ID)
-
- subvendor, Subsystem vendor and device ID to match (or PCI_ANY_ID)
- subdevice,
-
- class Device class, subclass, and "interface" to match.
- See Appendix D of the PCI Local Bus Spec or
- include/linux/pci_ids.h for a full list of classes.
- Most drivers do not need to specify class/class_mask
- as vendor/device is normally sufficient.
-
- class_mask limit which sub-fields of the class field are compared.
- See drivers/scsi/sym53c8xx_2/ for example of usage.
-
- driver_data Data private to the driver.
- Most drivers don't need to use driver_data field.
- Best practice is to use driver_data as an index
- into a static list of equivalent device types,
- instead of using it as a pointer.
-
-
-Most drivers only need PCI_DEVICE() or PCI_DEVICE_CLASS() to set up
-a pci_device_id table.
-
-New PCI IDs may be added to a device driver pci_ids table at runtime
-as shown below:
-
-echo "vendor device subvendor subdevice class class_mask driver_data" > \
-/sys/bus/pci/drivers/{driver}/new_id
-
-All fields are passed in as hexadecimal values (no leading 0x).
-The vendor and device fields are mandatory, the others are optional. Users
-need pass only as many optional fields as necessary:
- o subvendor and subdevice fields default to PCI_ANY_ID (FFFFFFFF)
- o class and classmask fields default to 0
- o driver_data defaults to 0UL.
-
-Once added, the driver probe routine will be invoked for any unclaimed
-PCI devices listed in its (newly updated) pci_ids list.
-
-When the driver exits, it just calls pci_unregister_driver() and the PCI layer
-automatically calls the remove hook for all devices handled by the driver.
-
-
-1.1 "Attributes" for driver functions/data
-
-Please mark the initialization and cleanup functions where appropriate
-(the corresponding macros are defined in <linux/init.h>):
-
- __init Initialization code. Thrown away after the driver
- initializes.
- __exit Exit code. Ignored for non-modular drivers.
-
-
- __devinit Device initialization code.
- Identical to __init if the kernel is not compiled
- with CONFIG_HOTPLUG, normal function otherwise.
- __devexit The same for __exit.
-
-Tips on when/where to use the above attributes:
- o The module_init()/module_exit() functions (and all
- initialization functions called _only_ from these)
- should be marked __init/__exit.
-
- o Do not mark the struct pci_driver.
-
- o The ID table array should be marked __devinitconst; this is done
- automatically if the table is declared with DEFINE_PCI_DEVICE_TABLE().
-
- o The probe() and remove() functions should be marked __devinit
- and __devexit respectively. All initialization functions
- exclusively called by the probe() routine, can be marked __devinit.
- Ditto for remove() and __devexit.
-
- o If mydriver_remove() is marked with __devexit(), then all address
- references to mydriver_remove must use __devexit_p(mydriver_remove)
- (in the struct pci_driver declaration for example).
- __devexit_p() will generate the function name _or_ NULL if the
- function will be discarded. For an example, see drivers/net/tg3.c.
-
- o Do NOT mark a function if you are not sure which mark to use.
- Better to not mark the function than mark the function wrong.
-
-
-
-2. How to find PCI devices manually
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-PCI drivers should have a really good reason for not using the
-pci_register_driver() interface to search for PCI devices.
-The main reason PCI devices are controlled by multiple drivers
-is because one PCI device implements several different HW services.
-E.g. combined serial/parallel port/floppy controller.
-
-A manual search may be performed using the following constructs:
-
-Searching by vendor and device ID:
-
- struct pci_dev *dev = NULL;
- while (dev = pci_get_device(VENDOR_ID, DEVICE_ID, dev))
- configure_device(dev);
-
-Searching by class ID (iterate in a similar way):
-
- pci_get_class(CLASS_ID, dev)
-
-Searching by both vendor/device and subsystem vendor/device ID:
-
- pci_get_subsys(VENDOR_ID,DEVICE_ID, SUBSYS_VENDOR_ID, SUBSYS_DEVICE_ID, dev).
-
-You can use the constant PCI_ANY_ID as a wildcard replacement for
-VENDOR_ID or DEVICE_ID. This allows searching for any device from a
-specific vendor, for example.
-
-These functions are hotplug-safe. They increment the reference count on
-the pci_dev that they return. You must eventually (possibly at module unload)
-decrement the reference count on these devices by calling pci_dev_put().
-
-
-
-3. Device Initialization Steps
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-As noted in the introduction, most PCI drivers need the following steps
-for device initialization:
-
- Enable the device
- Request MMIO/IOP resources
- Set the DMA mask size (for both coherent and streaming DMA)
- Allocate and initialize shared control data (pci_allocate_coherent())
- Access device configuration space (if needed)
- Register IRQ handler (request_irq())
- Initialize non-PCI (i.e. LAN/SCSI/etc parts of the chip)
- Enable DMA/processing engines.
-
-The driver can access PCI config space registers at any time.
-(Well, almost. When running BIST, config space can go away...but
-that will just result in a PCI Bus Master Abort and config reads
-will return garbage).
-
-
-3.1 Enable the PCI device
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Before touching any device registers, the driver needs to enable
-the PCI device by calling pci_enable_device(). This will:
- o wake up the device if it was in suspended state,
- o allocate I/O and memory regions of the device (if BIOS did not),
- o allocate an IRQ (if BIOS did not).
-
-NOTE: pci_enable_device() can fail! Check the return value.
-
-[ OS BUG: we don't check resource allocations before enabling those
- resources. The sequence would make more sense if we called
- pci_request_resources() before calling pci_enable_device().
- Currently, the device drivers can't detect the bug when when two
- devices have been allocated the same range. This is not a common
- problem and unlikely to get fixed soon.
-
- This has been discussed before but not changed as of 2.6.19:
- http://lkml.org/lkml/2006/3/2/194
-]
-
-pci_set_master() will enable DMA by setting the bus master bit
-in the PCI_COMMAND register. It also fixes the latency timer value if
-it's set to something bogus by the BIOS.
-
-If the PCI device can use the PCI Memory-Write-Invalidate transaction,
-call pci_set_mwi(). This enables the PCI_COMMAND bit for Mem-Wr-Inval
-and also ensures that the cache line size register is set correctly.
-Check the return value of pci_set_mwi() as not all architectures
-or chip-sets may support Memory-Write-Invalidate. Alternatively,
-if Mem-Wr-Inval would be nice to have but is not required, call
-pci_try_set_mwi() to have the system do its best effort at enabling
-Mem-Wr-Inval.
-
-
-3.2 Request MMIO/IOP resources
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Memory (MMIO), and I/O port addresses should NOT be read directly
-from the PCI device config space. Use the values in the pci_dev structure
-as the PCI "bus address" might have been remapped to a "host physical"
-address by the arch/chip-set specific kernel support.
-
-See Documentation/IO-mapping.txt for how to access device registers
-or device memory.
-
-The device driver needs to call pci_request_region() to verify
-no other device is already using the same address resource.
-Conversely, drivers should call pci_release_region() AFTER
-calling pci_disable_device().
-The idea is to prevent two devices colliding on the same address range.
-
-[ See OS BUG comment above. Currently (2.6.19), The driver can only
- determine MMIO and IO Port resource availability _after_ calling
- pci_enable_device(). ]
-
-Generic flavors of pci_request_region() are request_mem_region()
-(for MMIO ranges) and request_region() (for IO Port ranges).
-Use these for address resources that are not described by "normal" PCI
-BARs.
-
-Also see pci_request_selected_regions() below.
-
-
-3.3 Set the DMA mask size
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-[ If anything below doesn't make sense, please refer to
- Documentation/DMA-API.txt. This section is just a reminder that
- drivers need to indicate DMA capabilities of the device and is not
- an authoritative source for DMA interfaces. ]
-
-While all drivers should explicitly indicate the DMA capability
-(e.g. 32 or 64 bit) of the PCI bus master, devices with more than
-32-bit bus master capability for streaming data need the driver
-to "register" this capability by calling pci_set_dma_mask() with
-appropriate parameters. In general this allows more efficient DMA
-on systems where System RAM exists above 4G _physical_ address.
-
-Drivers for all PCI-X and PCIe compliant devices must call
-pci_set_dma_mask() as they are 64-bit DMA devices.
-
-Similarly, drivers must also "register" this capability if the device
-can directly address "consistent memory" in System RAM above 4G physical
-address by calling pci_set_consistent_dma_mask().
-Again, this includes drivers for all PCI-X and PCIe compliant devices.
-Many 64-bit "PCI" devices (before PCI-X) and some PCI-X devices are
-64-bit DMA capable for payload ("streaming") data but not control
-("consistent") data.
-
-
-3.4 Setup shared control data
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Once the DMA masks are set, the driver can allocate "consistent" (a.k.a. shared)
-memory. See Documentation/DMA-API.txt for a full description of
-the DMA APIs. This section is just a reminder that it needs to be done
-before enabling DMA on the device.
-
-
-3.5 Initialize device registers
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Some drivers will need specific "capability" fields programmed
-or other "vendor specific" register initialized or reset.
-E.g. clearing pending interrupts.
-
-
-3.6 Register IRQ handler
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-While calling request_irq() is the last step described here,
-this is often just another intermediate step to initialize a device.
-This step can often be deferred until the device is opened for use.
-
-All interrupt handlers for IRQ lines should be registered with IRQF_SHARED
-and use the devid to map IRQs to devices (remember that all PCI IRQ lines
-can be shared).
-
-request_irq() will associate an interrupt handler and device handle
-with an interrupt number. Historically interrupt numbers represent
-IRQ lines which run from the PCI device to the Interrupt controller.
-With MSI and MSI-X (more below) the interrupt number is a CPU "vector".
-
-request_irq() also enables the interrupt. Make sure the device is
-quiesced and does not have any interrupts pending before registering
-the interrupt handler.
-
-MSI and MSI-X are PCI capabilities. Both are "Message Signaled Interrupts"
-which deliver interrupts to the CPU via a DMA write to a Local APIC.
-The fundamental difference between MSI and MSI-X is how multiple
-"vectors" get allocated. MSI requires contiguous blocks of vectors
-while MSI-X can allocate several individual ones.
-
-MSI capability can be enabled by calling pci_enable_msi() or
-pci_enable_msix() before calling request_irq(). This causes
-the PCI support to program CPU vector data into the PCI device
-capability registers.
-
-If your PCI device supports both, try to enable MSI-X first.
-Only one can be enabled at a time. Many architectures, chip-sets,
-or BIOSes do NOT support MSI or MSI-X and the call to pci_enable_msi/msix
-will fail. This is important to note since many drivers have
-two (or more) interrupt handlers: one for MSI/MSI-X and another for IRQs.
-They choose which handler to register with request_irq() based on the
-return value from pci_enable_msi/msix().
-
-There are (at least) two really good reasons for using MSI:
-1) MSI is an exclusive interrupt vector by definition.
- This means the interrupt handler doesn't have to verify
- its device caused the interrupt.
-
-2) MSI avoids DMA/IRQ race conditions. DMA to host memory is guaranteed
- to be visible to the host CPU(s) when the MSI is delivered. This
- is important for both data coherency and avoiding stale control data.
- This guarantee allows the driver to omit MMIO reads to flush
- the DMA stream.
-
-See drivers/infiniband/hw/mthca/ or drivers/net/tg3.c for examples
-of MSI/MSI-X usage.
-
-
-
-4. PCI device shutdown
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-When a PCI device driver is being unloaded, most of the following
-steps need to be performed:
-
- Disable the device from generating IRQs
- Release the IRQ (free_irq())
- Stop all DMA activity
- Release DMA buffers (both streaming and consistent)
- Unregister from other subsystems (e.g. scsi or netdev)
- Disable device from responding to MMIO/IO Port addresses
- Release MMIO/IO Port resource(s)
-
-
-4.1 Stop IRQs on the device
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-How to do this is chip/device specific. If it's not done, it opens
-the possibility of a "screaming interrupt" if (and only if)
-the IRQ is shared with another device.
-
-When the shared IRQ handler is "unhooked", the remaining devices
-using the same IRQ line will still need the IRQ enabled. Thus if the
-"unhooked" device asserts IRQ line, the system will respond assuming
-it was one of the remaining devices asserted the IRQ line. Since none
-of the other devices will handle the IRQ, the system will "hang" until
-it decides the IRQ isn't going to get handled and masks the IRQ (100,000
-iterations later). Once the shared IRQ is masked, the remaining devices
-will stop functioning properly. Not a nice situation.
-
-This is another reason to use MSI or MSI-X if it's available.
-MSI and MSI-X are defined to be exclusive interrupts and thus
-are not susceptible to the "screaming interrupt" problem.
-
-
-4.2 Release the IRQ
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Once the device is quiesced (no more IRQs), one can call free_irq().
-This function will return control once any pending IRQs are handled,
-"unhook" the drivers IRQ handler from that IRQ, and finally release
-the IRQ if no one else is using it.
-
-
-4.3 Stop all DMA activity
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-It's extremely important to stop all DMA operations BEFORE attempting
-to deallocate DMA control data. Failure to do so can result in memory
-corruption, hangs, and on some chip-sets a hard crash.
-
-Stopping DMA after stopping the IRQs can avoid races where the
-IRQ handler might restart DMA engines.
-
-While this step sounds obvious and trivial, several "mature" drivers
-didn't get this step right in the past.
-
-
-4.4 Release DMA buffers
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Once DMA is stopped, clean up streaming DMA first.
-I.e. unmap data buffers and return buffers to "upstream"
-owners if there is one.
-
-Then clean up "consistent" buffers which contain the control data.
-
-See Documentation/DMA-API.txt for details on unmapping interfaces.
-
-
-4.5 Unregister from other subsystems
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Most low level PCI device drivers support some other subsystem
-like USB, ALSA, SCSI, NetDev, Infiniband, etc. Make sure your
-driver isn't losing resources from that other subsystem.
-If this happens, typically the symptom is an Oops (panic) when
-the subsystem attempts to call into a driver that has been unloaded.
-
-
-4.6 Disable Device from responding to MMIO/IO Port addresses
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-io_unmap() MMIO or IO Port resources and then call pci_disable_device().
-This is the symmetric opposite of pci_enable_device().
-Do not access device registers after calling pci_disable_device().
-
-
-4.7 Release MMIO/IO Port Resource(s)
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Call pci_release_region() to mark the MMIO or IO Port range as available.
-Failure to do so usually results in the inability to reload the driver.
-
-
-
-5. How to access PCI config space
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-You can use pci_(read|write)_config_(byte|word|dword) to access the config
-space of a device represented by struct pci_dev *. All these functions return 0
-when successful or an error code (PCIBIOS_...) which can be translated to a text
-string by pcibios_strerror. Most drivers expect that accesses to valid PCI
-devices don't fail.
-
-If you don't have a struct pci_dev available, you can call
-pci_bus_(read|write)_config_(byte|word|dword) to access a given device
-and function on that bus.
-
-If you access fields in the standard portion of the config header, please
-use symbolic names of locations and bits declared in <linux/pci.h>.
-
-If you need to access Extended PCI Capability registers, just call
-pci_find_capability() for the particular capability and it will find the
-corresponding register block for you.
-
-
-
-6. Other interesting functions
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-pci_find_slot() Find pci_dev corresponding to given bus and
- slot numbers.
-pci_set_power_state() Set PCI Power Management state (0=D0 ... 3=D3)
-pci_find_capability() Find specified capability in device's capability
- list.
-pci_resource_start() Returns bus start address for a given PCI region
-pci_resource_end() Returns bus end address for a given PCI region
-pci_resource_len() Returns the byte length of a PCI region
-pci_set_drvdata() Set private driver data pointer for a pci_dev
-pci_get_drvdata() Return private driver data pointer for a pci_dev
-pci_set_mwi() Enable Memory-Write-Invalidate transactions.
-pci_clear_mwi() Disable Memory-Write-Invalidate transactions.
-
-
-
-7. Miscellaneous hints
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-When displaying PCI device names to the user (for example when a driver wants
-to tell the user what card has it found), please use pci_name(pci_dev).
-
-Always refer to the PCI devices by a pointer to the pci_dev structure.
-All PCI layer functions use this identification and it's the only
-reasonable one. Don't use bus/slot/function numbers except for very
-special purposes -- on systems with multiple primary buses their semantics
-can be pretty complex.
-
-Don't try to turn on Fast Back to Back writes in your driver. All devices
-on the bus need to be capable of doing it, so this is something which needs
-to be handled by platform and generic code, not individual drivers.
-
-
-
-8. Vendor and device identifications
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-One is not not required to add new device ids to include/linux/pci_ids.h.
-Please add PCI_VENDOR_ID_xxx for vendors and a hex constant for device ids.
-
-PCI_VENDOR_ID_xxx constants are re-used. The device ids are arbitrary
-hex numbers (vendor controlled) and normally used only in a single
-location, the pci_device_id table.
-
-Please DO submit new vendor/device ids to pciids.sourceforge.net project.
-
-
-
-9. Obsolete functions
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-There are several functions which you might come across when trying to
-port an old driver to the new PCI interface. They are no longer present
-in the kernel as they aren't compatible with hotplug or PCI domains or
-having sane locking.
-
-pci_find_device() Superseded by pci_get_device()
-pci_find_subsys() Superseded by pci_get_subsys()
-pci_find_slot() Superseded by pci_get_slot()
-
-
-The alternative is the traditional PCI device driver that walks PCI
-device lists. This is still possible but discouraged.
-
-
-
-10. MMIO Space and "Write Posting"
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Converting a driver from using I/O Port space to using MMIO space
-often requires some additional changes. Specifically, "write posting"
-needs to be handled. Many drivers (e.g. tg3, acenic, sym53c8xx_2)
-already do this. I/O Port space guarantees write transactions reach the PCI
-device before the CPU can continue. Writes to MMIO space allow the CPU
-to continue before the transaction reaches the PCI device. HW weenies
-call this "Write Posting" because the write completion is "posted" to
-the CPU before the transaction has reached its destination.
-
-Thus, timing sensitive code should add readl() where the CPU is
-expected to wait before doing other work. The classic "bit banging"
-sequence works fine for I/O Port space:
-
- for (i = 8; --i; val >>= 1) {
- outb(val & 1, ioport_reg); /* write bit */
- udelay(10);
- }
-
-The same sequence for MMIO space should be:
-
- for (i = 8; --i; val >>= 1) {
- writeb(val & 1, mmio_reg); /* write bit */
- readb(safe_mmio_reg); /* flush posted write */
- udelay(10);
- }
-
-It is important that "safe_mmio_reg" not have any side effects that
-interferes with the correct operation of the device.
-
-Another case to watch out for is when resetting a PCI device. Use PCI
-Configuration space reads to flush the writel(). This will gracefully
-handle the PCI master abort on all platforms if the PCI device is
-expected to not respond to a readl(). Most x86 platforms will allow
-MMIO reads to master abort (a.k.a. "Soft Fail") and return garbage
-(e.g. ~0). But many RISC platforms will crash (a.k.a."Hard Fail").
-
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.rst b/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3210c4792978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+.. include:: <isonum.txt>
+
+===========================================================
+The PCI Express Advanced Error Reporting Driver Guide HOWTO
+===========================================================
+
+:Authors: - T. Long Nguyen <tom.l.nguyen@intel.com>
+ - Yanmin Zhang <yanmin.zhang@intel.com>
+
+:Copyright: |copy| 2006 Intel Corporation
+
+Overview
+===========
+
+About this guide
+----------------
+
+This guide describes the basics of the PCI Express (PCIe) Advanced Error
+Reporting (AER) driver and provides information on how to use it, as
+well as how to enable the drivers of Endpoint devices to conform with
+the PCIe AER driver.
+
+
+What is the PCIe AER Driver?
+----------------------------
+
+PCIe error signaling can occur on the PCIe link itself
+or on behalf of transactions initiated on the link. PCIe
+defines two error reporting paradigms: the baseline capability and
+the Advanced Error Reporting capability. The baseline capability is
+required of all PCIe components providing a minimum defined
+set of error reporting requirements. Advanced Error Reporting
+capability is implemented with a PCIe Advanced Error Reporting
+extended capability structure providing more robust error reporting.
+
+The PCIe AER driver provides the infrastructure to support PCIe Advanced
+Error Reporting capability. The PCIe AER driver provides three basic
+functions:
+
+ - Gathers the comprehensive error information if errors occurred.
+ - Reports error to the users.
+ - Performs error recovery actions.
+
+The AER driver only attaches to Root Ports and RCECs that support the PCIe
+AER capability.
+
+
+User Guide
+==========
+
+Include the PCIe AER Root Driver into the Linux Kernel
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+The PCIe AER driver is a Root Port service driver attached
+via the PCIe Port Bus driver. If a user wants to use it, the driver
+must be compiled. It is enabled with CONFIG_PCIEAER, which
+depends on CONFIG_PCIEPORTBUS.
+
+Load PCIe AER Root Driver
+-------------------------
+
+Some systems have AER support in firmware. Enabling Linux AER support at
+the same time the firmware handles AER would result in unpredictable
+behavior. Therefore, Linux does not handle AER events unless the firmware
+grants AER control to the OS via the ACPI _OSC method. See the PCI Firmware
+Specification for details regarding _OSC usage.
+
+AER error output
+----------------
+
+When a PCIe AER error is captured, an error message will be output to
+console. If it's a correctable error, it is output as a warning message.
+Otherwise, it is printed as an error. So users could choose different
+log level to filter out correctable error messages.
+
+Below shows an example::
+
+ 0000:50:00.0: PCIe Bus Error: severity=Uncorrectable (Fatal), type=Transaction Layer, (Requester ID)
+ 0000:50:00.0: device [8086:0329] error status/mask=00100000/00000000
+ 0000:50:00.0: [20] UnsupReq (First)
+ 0000:50:00.0: TLP Header: 0x04000001 0x00200a03 0x05010000 0x00050100
+
+In the example, 'Requester ID' means the ID of the device that sent
+the error message to the Root Port. Please refer to PCIe specs for other
+fields.
+
+AER Ratelimits
+--------------
+
+Since error messages can be generated for each transaction, we may see
+large volumes of errors reported. To prevent spammy devices from flooding
+the console/stalling execution, messages are throttled by device and error
+type (correctable vs. non-fatal uncorrectable). Fatal errors, including
+DPC errors, are not ratelimited.
+
+AER uses the default ratelimit of DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST (10 events) over
+DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL (5 seconds).
+
+Ratelimits are exposed in the form of sysfs attributes and configurable.
+See Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-aer.
+
+AER Statistics / Counters
+-------------------------
+
+When PCIe AER errors are captured, the counters / statistics are also exposed
+in the form of sysfs attributes which are documented at
+Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-aer.
+
+Developer Guide
+===============
+
+To enable error recovery, a software driver must provide callbacks.
+
+To support AER better, developers need to understand how AER works.
+
+PCIe errors are classified into two types: correctable errors
+and uncorrectable errors. This classification is based on the impact
+of those errors, which may result in degraded performance or function
+failure.
+
+Correctable errors pose no impacts on the functionality of the
+interface. The PCIe protocol can recover without any software
+intervention or any loss of data. These errors are detected and
+corrected by hardware.
+
+Unlike correctable errors, uncorrectable
+errors impact functionality of the interface. Uncorrectable errors
+can cause a particular transaction or a particular PCIe link
+to be unreliable. Depending on those error conditions, uncorrectable
+errors are further classified into non-fatal errors and fatal errors.
+Non-fatal errors cause the particular transaction to be unreliable,
+but the PCIe link itself is fully functional. Fatal errors, on
+the other hand, cause the link to be unreliable.
+
+When PCIe error reporting is enabled, a device will automatically send an
+error message to the Root Port above it when it captures
+an error. The Root Port, upon receiving an error reporting message,
+internally processes and logs the error message in its AER
+Capability structure. Error information being logged includes storing
+the error reporting agent's Requester ID into the Error Source
+Identification Registers and setting the error bits of the Root Error
+Status Register accordingly. If AER error reporting is enabled in the Root
+Error Command Register, the Root Port generates an interrupt when an
+error is detected.
+
+Note that the errors as described above are related to the PCIe
+hierarchy and links. These errors do not include any device specific
+errors because device specific errors will still get sent directly to
+the device driver.
+
+Provide callbacks
+-----------------
+
+PCI error-recovery callbacks
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The PCIe AER Root driver uses error callbacks to coordinate
+with downstream device drivers associated with a hierarchy in question
+when performing error recovery actions.
+
+Data struct pci_driver has a pointer, err_handler, to point to
+pci_error_handlers who consists of a couple of callback function
+pointers. The AER driver follows the rules defined in
+pci-error-recovery.rst except PCIe-specific parts (see
+below). Please refer to pci-error-recovery.rst for detailed
+definitions of the callbacks.
+
+The sections below specify when to call the error callback functions.
+
+Correctable errors
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Correctable errors pose no impacts on the functionality of
+the interface. The PCIe protocol can recover without any
+software intervention or any loss of data. These errors do not
+require any recovery actions. The AER driver clears the device's
+correctable error status register accordingly and logs these errors.
+
+Uncorrectable (non-fatal and fatal) errors
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The AER driver performs a Secondary Bus Reset to recover from
+uncorrectable errors. The reset is applied at the port above
+the originating device: If the originating device is an Endpoint,
+only the Endpoint is reset. If on the other hand the originating
+device has subordinate devices, those are all affected by the
+reset as well.
+
+If the originating device is a Root Complex Integrated Endpoint,
+there's no port above where a Secondary Bus Reset could be applied.
+In this case, the AER driver instead applies a Function Level Reset.
+
+If an error message indicates a non-fatal error, performing a reset
+at upstream is not required. The AER driver calls error_detected(dev,
+pci_channel_io_normal) to all drivers associated within a hierarchy in
+question. For example::
+
+ Endpoint <==> Downstream Port B <==> Upstream Port A <==> Root Port
+
+If Upstream Port A captures an AER error, the hierarchy consists of
+Downstream Port B and Endpoint.
+
+A driver may return PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER,
+PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT, or PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET, depending on
+whether it can recover without a reset, considers the device unrecoverable
+or needs a reset for recovery. If all affected drivers agree that they can
+recover without a reset, it is skipped. Should one driver request a reset,
+it overrides all other drivers.
+
+If an error message indicates a fatal error, kernel will broadcast
+error_detected(dev, pci_channel_io_frozen) to all drivers within
+a hierarchy in question. Then, performing a reset at upstream is
+necessary. If error_detected returns PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER
+to indicate that recovery without a reset is possible, the error
+handling goes to mmio_enabled, but afterwards a reset is still
+performed.
+
+In other words, for non-fatal errors, drivers may opt in to a reset.
+But for fatal errors, they cannot opt out of a reset, based on the
+assumption that the link is unreliable.
+
+Frequently Asked Questions
+--------------------------
+
+Q:
+ What happens if a PCIe device driver does not provide an
+ error recovery handler (pci_driver->err_handler is equal to NULL)?
+
+A:
+ The devices attached with the driver won't be recovered.
+ The kernel will print out informational messages to identify
+ unrecoverable devices.
+
+
+Software error injection
+========================
+
+Debugging PCIe AER error recovery code is quite difficult because it
+is hard to trigger real hardware errors. Software based error
+injection can be used to fake various kinds of PCIe errors.
+
+First you should enable PCIe AER software error injection in kernel
+configuration, that is, following item should be in your .config.
+
+CONFIG_PCIEAER_INJECT=y or CONFIG_PCIEAER_INJECT=m
+
+After reboot with new kernel or insert the module, a device file named
+/dev/aer_inject should be created.
+
+Then, you need a user space tool named aer-inject, which can be gotten
+from:
+
+ https://github.com/intel/aer-inject.git
+
+More information about aer-inject can be found in the document in
+its source code.
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt b/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 16c251230c82..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,253 +0,0 @@
- The PCI Express Advanced Error Reporting Driver Guide HOWTO
- T. Long Nguyen <tom.l.nguyen@intel.com>
- Yanmin Zhang <yanmin.zhang@intel.com>
- 07/29/2006
-
-
-1. Overview
-
-1.1 About this guide
-
-This guide describes the basics of the PCI Express Advanced Error
-Reporting (AER) driver and provides information on how to use it, as
-well as how to enable the drivers of endpoint devices to conform with
-PCI Express AER driver.
-
-1.2 Copyright © Intel Corporation 2006.
-
-1.3 What is the PCI Express AER Driver?
-
-PCI Express error signaling can occur on the PCI Express link itself
-or on behalf of transactions initiated on the link. PCI Express
-defines two error reporting paradigms: the baseline capability and
-the Advanced Error Reporting capability. The baseline capability is
-required of all PCI Express components providing a minimum defined
-set of error reporting requirements. Advanced Error Reporting
-capability is implemented with a PCI Express advanced error reporting
-extended capability structure providing more robust error reporting.
-
-The PCI Express AER driver provides the infrastructure to support PCI
-Express Advanced Error Reporting capability. The PCI Express AER
-driver provides three basic functions:
-
-- Gathers the comprehensive error information if errors occurred.
-- Reports error to the users.
-- Performs error recovery actions.
-
-AER driver only attaches root ports which support PCI-Express AER
-capability.
-
-
-2. User Guide
-
-2.1 Include the PCI Express AER Root Driver into the Linux Kernel
-
-The PCI Express AER Root driver is a Root Port service driver attached
-to the PCI Express Port Bus driver. If a user wants to use it, the driver
-has to be compiled. Option CONFIG_PCIEAER supports this capability. It
-depends on CONFIG_PCIEPORTBUS, so pls. set CONFIG_PCIEPORTBUS=y and
-CONFIG_PCIEAER = y.
-
-2.2 Load PCI Express AER Root Driver
-There is a case where a system has AER support in BIOS. Enabling the AER
-Root driver and having AER support in BIOS may result unpredictable
-behavior. To avoid this conflict, a successful load of the AER Root driver
-requires ACPI _OSC support in the BIOS to allow the AER Root driver to
-request for native control of AER. See the PCI FW 3.0 Specification for
-details regarding OSC usage. Currently, lots of firmwares don't provide
-_OSC support while they use PCI Express. To support such firmwares,
-forceload, a parameter of type bool, could enable AER to continue to
-be initiated although firmwares have no _OSC support. To enable the
-walkaround, pls. add aerdriver.forceload=y to kernel boot parameter line
-when booting kernel. Note that forceload=n by default.
-
-2.3 AER error output
-When a PCI-E AER error is captured, an error message will be outputed to
-console. If it's a correctable error, it is outputed as a warning.
-Otherwise, it is printed as an error. So users could choose different
-log level to filter out correctable error messages.
-
-Below shows an example.
-+------ PCI-Express Device Error -----+
-Error Severity : Uncorrected (Fatal)
-PCIE Bus Error type : Transaction Layer
-Unsupported Request : First
-Requester ID : 0500
-VendorID=8086h, DeviceID=0329h, Bus=05h, Device=00h, Function=00h
-TLB Header:
-04000001 00200a03 05010000 00050100
-
-In the example, 'Requester ID' means the ID of the device who sends
-the error message to root port. Pls. refer to pci express specs for
-other fields.
-
-
-3. Developer Guide
-
-To enable AER aware support requires a software driver to configure
-the AER capability structure within its device and to provide callbacks.
-
-To support AER better, developers need understand how AER does work
-firstly.
-
-PCI Express errors are classified into two types: correctable errors
-and uncorrectable errors. This classification is based on the impacts
-of those errors, which may result in degraded performance or function
-failure.
-
-Correctable errors pose no impacts on the functionality of the
-interface. The PCI Express protocol can recover without any software
-intervention or any loss of data. These errors are detected and
-corrected by hardware. Unlike correctable errors, uncorrectable
-errors impact functionality of the interface. Uncorrectable errors
-can cause a particular transaction or a particular PCI Express link
-to be unreliable. Depending on those error conditions, uncorrectable
-errors are further classified into non-fatal errors and fatal errors.
-Non-fatal errors cause the particular transaction to be unreliable,
-but the PCI Express link itself is fully functional. Fatal errors, on
-the other hand, cause the link to be unreliable.
-
-When AER is enabled, a PCI Express device will automatically send an
-error message to the PCIE root port above it when the device captures
-an error. The Root Port, upon receiving an error reporting message,
-internally processes and logs the error message in its PCI Express
-capability structure. Error information being logged includes storing
-the error reporting agent's requestor ID into the Error Source
-Identification Registers and setting the error bits of the Root Error
-Status Register accordingly. If AER error reporting is enabled in Root
-Error Command Register, the Root Port generates an interrupt if an
-error is detected.
-
-Note that the errors as described above are related to the PCI Express
-hierarchy and links. These errors do not include any device specific
-errors because device specific errors will still get sent directly to
-the device driver.
-
-3.1 Configure the AER capability structure
-
-AER aware drivers of PCI Express component need change the device
-control registers to enable AER. They also could change AER registers,
-including mask and severity registers. Helper function
-pci_enable_pcie_error_reporting could be used to enable AER. See
-section 3.3.
-
-3.2. Provide callbacks
-
-3.2.1 callback reset_link to reset pci express link
-
-This callback is used to reset the pci express physical link when a
-fatal error happens. The root port aer service driver provides a
-default reset_link function, but different upstream ports might
-have different specifications to reset pci express link, so all
-upstream ports should provide their own reset_link functions.
-
-In struct pcie_port_service_driver, a new pointer, reset_link, is
-added.
-
-pci_ers_result_t (*reset_link) (struct pci_dev *dev);
-
-Section 3.2.2.2 provides more detailed info on when to call
-reset_link.
-
-3.2.2 PCI error-recovery callbacks
-
-The PCI Express AER Root driver uses error callbacks to coordinate
-with downstream device drivers associated with a hierarchy in question
-when performing error recovery actions.
-
-Data struct pci_driver has a pointer, err_handler, to point to
-pci_error_handlers who consists of a couple of callback function
-pointers. AER driver follows the rules defined in
-pci-error-recovery.txt except pci express specific parts (e.g.
-reset_link). Pls. refer to pci-error-recovery.txt for detailed
-definitions of the callbacks.
-
-Below sections specify when to call the error callback functions.
-
-3.2.2.1 Correctable errors
-
-Correctable errors pose no impacts on the functionality of
-the interface. The PCI Express protocol can recover without any
-software intervention or any loss of data. These errors do not
-require any recovery actions. The AER driver clears the device's
-correctable error status register accordingly and logs these errors.
-
-3.2.2.2 Non-correctable (non-fatal and fatal) errors
-
-If an error message indicates a non-fatal error, performing link reset
-at upstream is not required. The AER driver calls error_detected(dev,
-pci_channel_io_normal) to all drivers associated within a hierarchy in
-question. for example,
-EndPoint<==>DownstreamPort B<==>UpstreamPort A<==>RootPort.
-If Upstream port A captures an AER error, the hierarchy consists of
-Downstream port B and EndPoint.
-
-A driver may return PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER,
-PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT, or PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET, depending on
-whether it can recover or the AER driver calls mmio_enabled as next.
-
-If an error message indicates a fatal error, kernel will broadcast
-error_detected(dev, pci_channel_io_frozen) to all drivers within
-a hierarchy in question. Then, performing link reset at upstream is
-necessary. As different kinds of devices might use different approaches
-to reset link, AER port service driver is required to provide the
-function to reset link. Firstly, kernel looks for if the upstream
-component has an aer driver. If it has, kernel uses the reset_link
-callback of the aer driver. If the upstream component has no aer driver
-and the port is downstream port, we will use the aer driver of the
-root port who reports the AER error. As for upstream ports,
-they should provide their own aer service drivers with reset_link
-function. If error_detected returns PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER and
-reset_link returns PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED, the error handling goes
-to mmio_enabled.
-
-3.3 helper functions
-
-3.3.1 int pci_find_aer_capability(struct pci_dev *dev);
-pci_find_aer_capability locates the PCI Express AER capability
-in the device configuration space. If the device doesn't support
-PCI-Express AER, the function returns 0.
-
-3.3.2 int pci_enable_pcie_error_reporting(struct pci_dev *dev);
-pci_enable_pcie_error_reporting enables the device to send error
-messages to root port when an error is detected. Note that devices
-don't enable the error reporting by default, so device drivers need
-call this function to enable it.
-
-3.3.3 int pci_disable_pcie_error_reporting(struct pci_dev *dev);
-pci_disable_pcie_error_reporting disables the device to send error
-messages to root port when an error is detected.
-
-3.3.4 int pci_cleanup_aer_uncorrect_error_status(struct pci_dev *dev);
-pci_cleanup_aer_uncorrect_error_status cleanups the uncorrectable
-error status register.
-
-3.4 Frequent Asked Questions
-
-Q: What happens if a PCI Express device driver does not provide an
-error recovery handler (pci_driver->err_handler is equal to NULL)?
-
-A: The devices attached with the driver won't be recovered. If the
-error is fatal, kernel will print out warning messages. Please refer
-to section 3 for more information.
-
-Q: What happens if an upstream port service driver does not provide
-callback reset_link?
-
-A: Fatal error recovery will fail if the errors are reported by the
-upstream ports who are attached by the service driver.
-
-Q: How does this infrastructure deal with driver that is not PCI
-Express aware?
-
-A: This infrastructure calls the error callback functions of the
-driver when an error happens. But if the driver is not aware of
-PCI Express, the device might not report its own errors to root
-port.
-
-Q: What modifications will that driver need to make it compatible
-with the PCI Express AER Root driver?
-
-A: It could call the helper functions to enable AER in devices and
-cleanup uncorrectable status register. Pls. refer to section 3.3.
-
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pciebus-howto.rst b/Documentation/PCI/pciebus-howto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..375d9ce171f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/pciebus-howto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+.. include:: <isonum.txt>
+
+===========================================
+The PCI Express Port Bus Driver Guide HOWTO
+===========================================
+
+:Author: Tom L Nguyen tom.l.nguyen@intel.com 11/03/2004
+:Copyright: |copy| 2004 Intel Corporation
+
+About this guide
+================
+
+This guide describes the basics of the PCI Express Port Bus driver
+and provides information on how to enable the service drivers to
+register/unregister with the PCI Express Port Bus Driver.
+
+
+What is the PCI Express Port Bus Driver
+=======================================
+
+A PCI Express Port is a logical PCI-PCI Bridge structure. There
+are two types of PCI Express Port: the Root Port and the Switch
+Port. The Root Port originates a PCI Express link from a PCI Express
+Root Complex and the Switch Port connects PCI Express links to
+internal logical PCI buses. The Switch Port, which has its secondary
+bus representing the switch's internal routing logic, is called the
+switch's Upstream Port. The switch's Downstream Port is bridging from
+switch's internal routing bus to a bus representing the downstream
+PCI Express link from the PCI Express Switch.
+
+A PCI Express Port can provide up to four distinct functions,
+referred to in this document as services, depending on its port type.
+PCI Express Port's services include native hotplug support (HP),
+power management event support (PME), advanced error reporting
+support (AER), and virtual channel support (VC). These services may
+be handled by a single complex driver or be individually distributed
+and handled by corresponding service drivers.
+
+Why use the PCI Express Port Bus Driver?
+========================================
+
+In existing Linux kernels, the Linux Device Driver Model allows a
+physical device to be handled by only a single driver. The PCI
+Express Port is a PCI-PCI Bridge device with multiple distinct
+services. To maintain a clean and simple solution each service
+may have its own software service driver. In this case several
+service drivers will compete for a single PCI-PCI Bridge device.
+For example, if the PCI Express Root Port native hotplug service
+driver is loaded first, it claims a PCI-PCI Bridge Root Port. The
+kernel therefore does not load other service drivers for that Root
+Port. In other words, it is impossible to have multiple service
+drivers load and run on a PCI-PCI Bridge device simultaneously
+using the current driver model.
+
+To enable multiple service drivers running simultaneously requires
+having a PCI Express Port Bus driver, which manages all populated
+PCI Express Ports and distributes all provided service requests
+to the corresponding service drivers as required. Some key
+advantages of using the PCI Express Port Bus driver are listed below:
+
+ - Allow multiple service drivers to run simultaneously on
+ a PCI-PCI Bridge Port device.
+
+ - Allow service drivers implemented in an independent
+ staged approach.
+
+ - Allow one service driver to run on multiple PCI-PCI Bridge
+ Port devices.
+
+ - Manage and distribute resources of a PCI-PCI Bridge Port
+ device to requested service drivers.
+
+Configuring the PCI Express Port Bus Driver vs. Service Drivers
+===============================================================
+
+Including the PCI Express Port Bus Driver Support into the Kernel
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Including the PCI Express Port Bus driver depends on whether the PCI
+Express support is included in the kernel config. The kernel will
+automatically include the PCI Express Port Bus driver as a kernel
+driver when the PCI Express support is enabled in the kernel.
+
+Enabling Service Driver Support
+-------------------------------
+
+PCI device drivers are implemented based on Linux Device Driver Model.
+All service drivers are PCI device drivers. As discussed above, it is
+impossible to load any service driver once the kernel has loaded the
+PCI Express Port Bus Driver. To meet the PCI Express Port Bus Driver
+Model requires some minimal changes on existing service drivers that
+imposes no impact on the functionality of existing service drivers.
+
+A service driver is required to use the two APIs shown below to
+register its service with the PCI Express Port Bus driver (see
+section 5.2.1 & 5.2.2). It is important that a service driver
+initializes the pcie_port_service_driver data structure, included in
+header file /include/linux/pcieport_if.h, before calling these APIs.
+Failure to do so will result an identity mismatch, which prevents
+the PCI Express Port Bus driver from loading a service driver.
+
+pcie_port_service_register
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+::
+
+ int pcie_port_service_register(struct pcie_port_service_driver *new)
+
+This API replaces the Linux Driver Model's pci_register_driver API. A
+service driver should always calls pcie_port_service_register at
+module init. Note that after service driver being loaded, calls
+such as pci_enable_device(dev) and pci_set_master(dev) are no longer
+necessary since these calls are executed by the PCI Port Bus driver.
+
+pcie_port_service_unregister
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+::
+
+ void pcie_port_service_unregister(struct pcie_port_service_driver *new)
+
+pcie_port_service_unregister replaces the Linux Driver Model's
+pci_unregister_driver. It's always called by service driver when a
+module exits.
+
+Sample Code
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Below is sample service driver code to initialize the port service
+driver data structure.
+::
+
+ static struct pcie_port_service_id service_id[] = { {
+ .vendor = PCI_ANY_ID,
+ .device = PCI_ANY_ID,
+ .port_type = PCIE_RC_PORT,
+ .service_type = PCIE_PORT_SERVICE_AER,
+ }, { /* end: all zeroes */ }
+ };
+
+ static struct pcie_port_service_driver root_aerdrv = {
+ .name = (char *)device_name,
+ .id_table = service_id,
+
+ .probe = aerdrv_load,
+ .remove = aerdrv_unload,
+
+ .suspend = aerdrv_suspend,
+ .resume = aerdrv_resume,
+ };
+
+Below is a sample code for registering/unregistering a service
+driver.
+::
+
+ static int __init aerdrv_service_init(void)
+ {
+ int retval = 0;
+
+ retval = pcie_port_service_register(&root_aerdrv);
+ if (!retval) {
+ /*
+ * FIX ME
+ */
+ }
+ return retval;
+ }
+
+ static void __exit aerdrv_service_exit(void)
+ {
+ pcie_port_service_unregister(&root_aerdrv);
+ }
+
+ module_init(aerdrv_service_init);
+ module_exit(aerdrv_service_exit);
+
+Possible Resource Conflicts
+===========================
+
+Since all service drivers of a PCI-PCI Bridge Port device are
+allowed to run simultaneously, below lists a few of possible resource
+conflicts with proposed solutions.
+
+MSI and MSI-X Vector Resource
+-----------------------------
+
+Once MSI or MSI-X interrupts are enabled on a device, it stays in this
+mode until they are disabled again. Since service drivers of the same
+PCI-PCI Bridge port share the same physical device, if an individual
+service driver enables or disables MSI/MSI-X mode it may result
+unpredictable behavior.
+
+To avoid this situation all service drivers are not permitted to
+switch interrupt mode on its device. The PCI Express Port Bus driver
+is responsible for determining the interrupt mode and this should be
+transparent to service drivers. Service drivers need to know only
+the vector IRQ assigned to the field irq of struct pcie_device, which
+is passed in when the PCI Express Port Bus driver probes each service
+driver. Service drivers should use (struct pcie_device*)dev->irq to
+call request_irq/free_irq. In addition, the interrupt mode is stored
+in the field interrupt_mode of struct pcie_device.
+
+PCI Memory/IO Mapped Regions
+----------------------------
+
+Service drivers for PCI Express Power Management (PME), Advanced
+Error Reporting (AER), Hot-Plug (HP) and Virtual Channel (VC) access
+PCI configuration space on the PCI Express port. In all cases the
+registers accessed are independent of each other. This patch assumes
+that all service drivers will be well behaved and not overwrite
+other service driver's configuration settings.
+
+PCI Config Registers
+--------------------
+
+Each service driver runs its PCI config operations on its own
+capability structure except the PCI Express capability structure,
+that is shared between many drivers including the service drivers.
+RMW Capability accessors (pcie_capability_clear_and_set_word(),
+pcie_capability_set_word(), and pcie_capability_clear_word()) protect
+a selected set of PCI Express Capability Registers:
+
+* Link Control Register
+* Root Control Register
+* Link Control 2 Register
+
+Any change to those registers should be performed using RMW accessors to
+avoid problems due to concurrent updates. For the up-to-date list of
+protected registers, see pcie_capability_clear_and_set_word().
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/sysfs-pci.rst b/Documentation/PCI/sysfs-pci.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f495185aa88a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/sysfs-pci.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+============================================
+Accessing PCI device resources through sysfs
+============================================
+
+sysfs, usually mounted at /sys, provides access to PCI resources on platforms
+that support it. For example, a given bus might look like this::
+
+ /sys/devices/pci0000:17
+ |-- 0000:17:00.0
+ | |-- class
+ | |-- config
+ | |-- device
+ | |-- enable
+ | |-- irq
+ | |-- local_cpus
+ | |-- remove
+ | |-- resource
+ | |-- resource0
+ | |-- resource1
+ | |-- resource2
+ | |-- revision
+ | |-- rom
+ | |-- subsystem_device
+ | |-- subsystem_vendor
+ | `-- vendor
+ `-- ...
+
+The topmost element describes the PCI domain and bus number. In this case,
+the domain number is 0000 and the bus number is 17 (both values are in hex).
+This bus contains a single function device in slot 0. The domain and bus
+numbers are reproduced for convenience. Under the device directory are several
+files, each with their own function.
+
+ =================== =====================================================
+ file function
+ =================== =====================================================
+ class PCI class (ascii, ro)
+ config PCI config space (binary, rw)
+ device PCI device (ascii, ro)
+ enable Whether the device is enabled (ascii, rw)
+ irq IRQ number (ascii, ro)
+ local_cpus nearby CPU mask (cpumask, ro)
+ remove remove device from kernel's list (ascii, wo)
+ resource PCI resource host addresses (ascii, ro)
+ resource0..N PCI resource N, if present (binary, mmap, rw\ [1]_)
+ resource0_wc..N_wc PCI WC map resource N, if prefetchable (binary, mmap)
+ revision PCI revision (ascii, ro)
+ rom PCI ROM resource, if present (binary, ro)
+ subsystem_device PCI subsystem device (ascii, ro)
+ subsystem_vendor PCI subsystem vendor (ascii, ro)
+ vendor PCI vendor (ascii, ro)
+ =================== =====================================================
+
+::
+
+ ro - read only file
+ rw - file is readable and writable
+ wo - write only file
+ mmap - file is mmapable
+ ascii - file contains ascii text
+ binary - file contains binary data
+ cpumask - file contains a cpumask type
+
+.. [1] rw for IORESOURCE_IO (I/O port) regions only
+
+The read only files are informational, writes to them will be ignored, with
+the exception of the 'rom' file. Writable files can be used to perform
+actions on the device (e.g. changing config space, detaching a device).
+mmapable files are available via an mmap of the file at offset 0 and can be
+used to do actual device programming from userspace. Note that some platforms
+don't support mmapping of certain resources, so be sure to check the return
+value from any attempted mmap. The most notable of these are I/O port
+resources, which also provide read/write access.
+
+The 'enable' file provides a counter that indicates how many times the device
+has been enabled. If the 'enable' file currently returns '4', and a '1' is
+echoed into it, it will then return '5'. Echoing a '0' into it will decrease
+the count. Even when it returns to 0, though, some of the initialisation
+may not be reversed.
+
+The 'rom' file is special in that it provides read-only access to the device's
+ROM file, if available. It's disabled by default, however, so applications
+should write the string "1" to the file to enable it before attempting a read
+call, and disable it following the access by writing "0" to the file. Note
+that the device must be enabled for a rom read to return data successfully.
+In the event a driver is not bound to the device, it can be enabled using the
+'enable' file, documented above.
+
+The 'remove' file is used to remove the PCI device, by writing a non-zero
+integer to the file. This does not involve any kind of hot-plug functionality,
+e.g. powering off the device. The device is removed from the kernel's list of
+PCI devices, the sysfs directory for it is removed, and the device will be
+removed from any drivers attached to it. Removal of PCI root buses is
+disallowed.
+
+Accessing legacy resources through sysfs
+----------------------------------------
+
+Legacy I/O port and ISA memory resources are also provided in sysfs if the
+underlying platform supports them. They're located in the PCI class hierarchy,
+e.g.::
+
+ /sys/class/pci_bus/0000:17/
+ |-- bridge -> ../../../devices/pci0000:17
+ |-- cpuaffinity
+ |-- legacy_io
+ `-- legacy_mem
+
+The legacy_io file is a read/write file that can be used by applications to
+do legacy port I/O. The application should open the file, seek to the desired
+port (e.g. 0x3e8) and do a read or a write of 1, 2 or 4 bytes. The legacy_mem
+file should be mmapped with an offset corresponding to the memory offset
+desired, e.g. 0xa0000 for the VGA frame buffer. The application can then
+simply dereference the returned pointer (after checking for errors of course)
+to access legacy memory space.
+
+Supporting PCI access on new platforms
+--------------------------------------
+
+In order to support PCI resource mapping as described above, Linux platform
+code should ideally define ARCH_GENERIC_PCI_MMAP_RESOURCE and use the generic
+implementation of that functionality. To support the historical interface of
+mmap() through files in /proc/bus/pci, platforms may also set HAVE_PCI_MMAP.
+
+Alternatively, platforms which set HAVE_PCI_MMAP may provide their own
+implementation of pci_mmap_resource_range() instead of defining
+ARCH_GENERIC_PCI_MMAP_RESOURCE.
+
+Platforms which support write-combining maps of PCI resources must define
+arch_can_pci_mmap_wc() which shall evaluate to non-zero at runtime when
+write-combining is permitted. Platforms which support maps of I/O resources
+define arch_can_pci_mmap_io() similarly.
+
+Legacy resources are protected by the HAVE_PCI_LEGACY define. Platforms
+wishing to support legacy functionality should define it and provide
+pci_legacy_read, pci_legacy_write and pci_mmap_legacy_page_range functions.
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/tph.rst b/Documentation/PCI/tph.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e8993be64fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/tph.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+
+===========
+TPH Support
+===========
+
+:Copyright: 2024 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+:Authors: - Eric van Tassell <eric.vantassell@amd.com>
+ - Wei Huang <wei.huang2@amd.com>
+
+
+Overview
+========
+
+TPH (TLP Processing Hints) is a PCIe feature that allows endpoint devices
+to provide optimization hints for requests that target memory space.
+These hints, in a format called Steering Tags (STs), are embedded in the
+requester's TLP headers, enabling the system hardware, such as the Root
+Complex, to better manage platform resources for these requests.
+
+For example, on platforms with TPH-based direct data cache injection
+support, an endpoint device can include appropriate STs in its DMA
+traffic to specify which cache the data should be written to. This allows
+the CPU core to have a higher probability of getting data from cache,
+potentially improving performance and reducing latency in data
+processing.
+
+
+How to Use TPH
+==============
+
+TPH is presented as an optional extended capability in PCIe. The Linux
+kernel handles TPH discovery during boot, but it is up to the device
+driver to request TPH enablement if it is to be utilized. Once enabled,
+the driver uses the provided API to obtain the Steering Tag for the
+target memory and to program the ST into the device's ST table.
+
+Enable TPH support in Linux
+---------------------------
+
+To support TPH, the kernel must be built with the CONFIG_PCIE_TPH option
+enabled.
+
+Manage TPH
+----------
+
+To enable TPH for a device, use the following function::
+
+ int pcie_enable_tph(struct pci_dev *pdev, int mode);
+
+This function enables TPH support for device with a specific ST mode.
+Current supported modes include:
+
+ * PCI_TPH_ST_NS_MODE - NO ST Mode
+ * PCI_TPH_ST_IV_MODE - Interrupt Vector Mode
+ * PCI_TPH_ST_DS_MODE - Device Specific Mode
+
+`pcie_enable_tph()` checks whether the requested mode is actually
+supported by the device before enabling. The device driver can figure out
+which TPH mode is supported and can be properly enabled based on the
+return value of `pcie_enable_tph()`.
+
+To disable TPH, use the following function::
+
+ void pcie_disable_tph(struct pci_dev *pdev);
+
+Manage ST
+---------
+
+Steering Tags are platform specific. PCIe spec does not specify where STs
+are from. Instead PCI Firmware Specification defines an ACPI _DSM method
+(see the `Revised _DSM for Cache Locality TPH Features ECN
+<https://members.pcisig.com/wg/PCI-SIG/document/15470>`_) for retrieving
+STs for a target memory of various properties. This method is what is
+supported in this implementation.
+
+To retrieve a Steering Tag for a target memory associated with a specific
+CPU, use the following function::
+
+ int pcie_tph_get_cpu_st(struct pci_dev *pdev, enum tph_mem_type type,
+ unsigned int cpu_uid, u16 *tag);
+
+The `type` argument is used to specify the memory type, either volatile
+or persistent, of the target memory. The `cpu_uid` argument specifies the
+CPU where the memory is associated to.
+
+After the ST value is retrieved, the device driver can use the following
+function to write the ST into the device::
+
+ int pcie_tph_set_st_entry(struct pci_dev *pdev, unsigned int index,
+ u16 tag);
+
+The `index` argument is the ST table entry index the ST tag will be
+written into. `pcie_tph_set_st_entry()` will figure out the proper
+location of ST table, either in the MSI-X table or in the TPH Extended
+Capability space, and write the Steering Tag into the ST entry pointed by
+the `index` argument.
+
+It is completely up to the driver to decide how to use these TPH
+functions. For example a network device driver can use the TPH APIs above
+to update the Steering Tag when interrupt affinity of a RX/TX queue has
+been changed. Here is a sample code for IRQ affinity notifier:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static void irq_affinity_notified(struct irq_affinity_notify *notify,
+ const cpumask_t *mask)
+ {
+ struct drv_irq *irq;
+ unsigned int cpu_id;
+ u16 tag;
+
+ irq = container_of(notify, struct drv_irq, affinity_notify);
+ cpumask_copy(irq->cpu_mask, mask);
+
+ /* Pick a right CPU as the target - here is just an example */
+ cpu_id = cpumask_first(irq->cpu_mask);
+
+ if (pcie_tph_get_cpu_st(irq->pdev, TPH_MEM_TYPE_VM, cpu_id,
+ &tag))
+ return;
+
+ if (pcie_tph_set_st_entry(irq->pdev, irq->msix_nr, tag))
+ return;
+ }
+
+Disable TPH system-wide
+-----------------------
+
+There is a kernel command line option available to control TPH feature:
+ * "notph": TPH will be disabled for all endpoint devices.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/00-INDEX b/Documentation/RCU/00-INDEX
deleted file mode 100644
index 461481dfb7c3..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/00-INDEX
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-00-INDEX
- - This file
-arrayRCU.txt
- - Using RCU to Protect Read-Mostly Arrays
-checklist.txt
- - Review Checklist for RCU Patches
-listRCU.txt
- - Using RCU to Protect Read-Mostly Linked Lists
-NMI-RCU.txt
- - Using RCU to Protect Dynamic NMI Handlers
-rcuref.txt
- - Reference-count design for elements of lists/arrays protected by RCU
-rcu.txt
- - RCU Concepts
-RTFP.txt
- - List of RCU papers (bibliography) going back to 1980.
-torture.txt
- - RCU Torture Test Operation (CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
-UP.txt
- - RCU on Uniprocessor Systems
-whatisRCU.txt
- - What is RCU?
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index 000000000000..727e270b11e4
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diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.rst b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1b0aad184dd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,1196 @@
+===================================================
+A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Data Structures [LWN.net]
+===================================================
+
+December 18, 2016
+
+This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+This document describes RCU's major data structures and their relationship
+to each other.
+
+Data-Structure Relationships
+============================
+
+RCU is for all intents and purposes a large state machine, and its
+data structures maintain the state in such a way as to allow RCU readers
+to execute extremely quickly, while also processing the RCU grace periods
+requested by updaters in an efficient and extremely scalable fashion.
+The efficiency and scalability of RCU updaters is provided primarily
+by a combining tree, as shown below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: BigTreeClassicRCU.svg
+
+This diagram shows an enclosing ``rcu_state`` structure containing a tree
+of ``rcu_node`` structures. Each leaf node of the ``rcu_node`` tree has up
+to 16 ``rcu_data`` structures associated with it, so that there are
+``NR_CPUS`` number of ``rcu_data`` structures, one for each possible CPU.
+This structure is adjusted at boot time, if needed, to handle the common
+case where ``nr_cpu_ids`` is much less than ``NR_CPUs``.
+For example, a number of Linux distributions set ``NR_CPUs=4096``,
+which results in a three-level ``rcu_node`` tree.
+If the actual hardware has only 16 CPUs, RCU will adjust itself
+at boot time, resulting in an ``rcu_node`` tree with only a single node.
+
+The purpose of this combining tree is to allow per-CPU events
+such as quiescent states, dyntick-idle transitions,
+and CPU hotplug operations to be processed efficiently
+and scalably.
+Quiescent states are recorded by the per-CPU ``rcu_data`` structures,
+and other events are recorded by the leaf-level ``rcu_node``
+structures.
+All of these events are combined at each level of the tree until finally
+grace periods are completed at the tree's root ``rcu_node``
+structure.
+A grace period can be completed at the root once every CPU
+(or, in the case of ``CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU``, task)
+has passed through a quiescent state.
+Once a grace period has completed, record of that fact is propagated
+back down the tree.
+
+As can be seen from the diagram, on a 64-bit system
+a two-level tree with 64 leaves can accommodate 1,024 CPUs, with a fanout
+of 64 at the root and a fanout of 16 at the leaves.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Why isn't the fanout at the leaves also 64? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Because there are more types of events that affect the leaf-level |
+| ``rcu_node`` structures than further up the tree. Therefore, if the |
+| leaf ``rcu_node`` structures have fanout of 64, the contention on |
+| these structures' ``->structures`` becomes excessive. Experimentation |
+| on a wide variety of systems has shown that a fanout of 16 works well |
+| for the leaves of the ``rcu_node`` tree. |
+| |
+| Of course, further experience with systems having hundreds or |
+| thousands of CPUs may demonstrate that the fanout for the non-leaf |
+| ``rcu_node`` structures must also be reduced. Such reduction can be |
+| easily carried out when and if it proves necessary. In the meantime, |
+| if you are using such a system and running into contention problems |
+| on the non-leaf ``rcu_node`` structures, you may use the |
+| ``CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT`` kernel configuration parameter to reduce the |
+| non-leaf fanout as needed. |
+| |
+| Kernels built for systems with strong NUMA characteristics might |
+| also need to adjust ``CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT`` so that the domains of |
+| the ``rcu_node`` structures align with hardware boundaries. |
+| However, there has thus far been no need for this. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+If your system has more than 1,024 CPUs (or more than 512 CPUs on a
+32-bit system), then RCU will automatically add more levels to the tree.
+For example, if you are crazy enough to build a 64-bit system with
+65,536 CPUs, RCU would configure the ``rcu_node`` tree as follows:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: HugeTreeClassicRCU.svg
+
+RCU currently permits up to a four-level tree, which on a 64-bit system
+accommodates up to 4,194,304 CPUs, though only a mere 524,288 CPUs for
+32-bit systems. On the other hand, you can set both
+``CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT`` and ``CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_LEAF`` to be as small as
+2, which would result in a 16-CPU test using a 4-level tree. This can be
+useful for testing large-system capabilities on small test machines.
+
+This multi-level combining tree allows us to get most of the performance
+and scalability benefits of partitioning, even though RCU grace-period
+detection is inherently a global operation. The trick here is that only
+the last CPU to report a quiescent state into a given ``rcu_node``
+structure need advance to the ``rcu_node`` structure at the next level
+up the tree. This means that at the leaf-level ``rcu_node`` structure,
+only one access out of sixteen will progress up the tree. For the
+internal ``rcu_node`` structures, the situation is even more extreme:
+Only one access out of sixty-four will progress up the tree. Because the
+vast majority of the CPUs do not progress up the tree, the lock
+contention remains roughly constant up the tree. No matter how many CPUs
+there are in the system, at most 64 quiescent-state reports per grace
+period will progress all the way to the root ``rcu_node`` structure,
+thus ensuring that the lock contention on that root ``rcu_node``
+structure remains acceptably low.
+
+In effect, the combining tree acts like a big shock absorber, keeping
+lock contention under control at all tree levels regardless of the level
+of loading on the system.
+
+RCU updaters wait for normal grace periods by registering RCU callbacks,
+either directly via ``call_rcu()`` or indirectly via
+``synchronize_rcu()`` and friends. RCU callbacks are represented by
+``rcu_head`` structures, which are queued on ``rcu_data`` structures
+while they are waiting for a grace period to elapse, as shown in the
+following figure:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: BigTreePreemptRCUBHdyntickCB.svg
+
+This figure shows how ``TREE_RCU``'s and ``PREEMPT_RCU``'s major data
+structures are related. Lesser data structures will be introduced with
+the algorithms that make use of them.
+
+Note that each of the data structures in the above figure has its own
+synchronization:
+
+#. Each ``rcu_state`` structures has a lock and a mutex, and some fields
+ are protected by the corresponding root ``rcu_node`` structure's lock.
+#. Each ``rcu_node`` structure has a spinlock.
+#. The fields in ``rcu_data`` are private to the corresponding CPU,
+ although a few can be read and written by other CPUs.
+
+It is important to note that different data structures can have very
+different ideas about the state of RCU at any given time. For but one
+example, awareness of the start or end of a given RCU grace period
+propagates slowly through the data structures. This slow propagation is
+absolutely necessary for RCU to have good read-side performance. If this
+balkanized implementation seems foreign to you, one useful trick is to
+consider each instance of these data structures to be a different
+person, each having the usual slightly different view of reality.
+
+The general role of each of these data structures is as follows:
+
+#. ``rcu_state``: This structure forms the interconnection between the
+ ``rcu_node`` and ``rcu_data`` structures, tracks grace periods,
+ serves as short-term repository for callbacks orphaned by CPU-hotplug
+ events, maintains ``rcu_barrier()`` state, tracks expedited
+ grace-period state, and maintains state used to force quiescent
+ states when grace periods extend too long,
+#. ``rcu_node``: This structure forms the combining tree that propagates
+ quiescent-state information from the leaves to the root, and also
+ propagates grace-period information from the root to the leaves. It
+ provides local copies of the grace-period state in order to allow
+ this information to be accessed in a synchronized manner without
+ suffering the scalability limitations that would otherwise be imposed
+ by global locking. In ``CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU`` kernels, it manages the
+ lists of tasks that have blocked while in their current RCU read-side
+ critical section. In ``CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU`` with
+ ``CONFIG_RCU_BOOST``, it manages the per-\ ``rcu_node``
+ priority-boosting kernel threads (kthreads) and state. Finally, it
+ records CPU-hotplug state in order to determine which CPUs should be
+ ignored during a given grace period.
+#. ``rcu_data``: This per-CPU structure is the focus of quiescent-state
+ detection and RCU callback queuing. It also tracks its relationship
+ to the corresponding leaf ``rcu_node`` structure to allow
+ more-efficient propagation of quiescent states up the ``rcu_node``
+ combining tree. Like the ``rcu_node`` structure, it provides a local
+ copy of the grace-period information to allow for-free synchronized
+ access to this information from the corresponding CPU. Finally, this
+ structure records past dyntick-idle state for the corresponding CPU
+ and also tracks statistics.
+#. ``rcu_head``: This structure represents RCU callbacks, and is the
+ only structure allocated and managed by RCU users. The ``rcu_head``
+ structure is normally embedded within the RCU-protected data
+ structure.
+
+If all you wanted from this article was a general notion of how RCU's
+data structures are related, you are done. Otherwise, each of the
+following sections give more details on the ``rcu_state``, ``rcu_node``
+and ``rcu_data`` data structures.
+
+The ``rcu_state`` Structure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ``rcu_state`` structure is the base structure that represents the
+state of RCU in the system. This structure forms the interconnection
+between the ``rcu_node`` and ``rcu_data`` structures, tracks grace
+periods, contains the lock used to synchronize with CPU-hotplug events,
+and maintains state used to force quiescent states when grace periods
+extend too long,
+
+A few of the ``rcu_state`` structure's fields are discussed, singly and
+in groups, in the following sections. The more specialized fields are
+covered in the discussion of their use.
+
+Relationship to rcu_node and rcu_data Structures
+''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+This portion of the ``rcu_state`` structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 struct rcu_node node[NUM_RCU_NODES];
+ 2 struct rcu_node *level[NUM_RCU_LVLS + 1];
+ 3 struct rcu_data __percpu *rda;
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Wait a minute! You said that the ``rcu_node`` structures formed a |
+| tree, but they are declared as a flat array! What gives? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| The tree is laid out in the array. The first node In the array is the |
+| head, the next set of nodes in the array are children of the head |
+| node, and so on until the last set of nodes in the array are the |
+| leaves. |
+| See the following diagrams to see how this works. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+The ``rcu_node`` tree is embedded into the ``->node[]`` array as shown
+in the following figure:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeMapping.svg
+
+One interesting consequence of this mapping is that a breadth-first
+traversal of the tree is implemented as a simple linear scan of the
+array, which is in fact what the ``rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first()``
+macro does. This macro is used at the beginning and ends of grace
+periods.
+
+Each entry of the ``->level`` array references the first ``rcu_node``
+structure on the corresponding level of the tree, for example, as shown
+below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeMappingLevel.svg
+
+The zero\ :sup:`th` element of the array references the root
+``rcu_node`` structure, the first element references the first child of
+the root ``rcu_node``, and finally the second element references the
+first leaf ``rcu_node`` structure.
+
+For whatever it is worth, if you draw the tree to be tree-shaped rather
+than array-shaped, it is easy to draw a planar representation:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeLevel.svg
+
+Finally, the ``->rda`` field references a per-CPU pointer to the
+corresponding CPU's ``rcu_data`` structure.
+
+All of these fields are constant once initialization is complete, and
+therefore need no protection.
+
+Grace-Period Tracking
+'''''''''''''''''''''
+
+This portion of the ``rcu_state`` structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 unsigned long gp_seq;
+
+RCU grace periods are numbered, and the ``->gp_seq`` field contains the
+current grace-period sequence number. The bottom two bits are the state
+of the current grace period, which can be zero for not yet started or
+one for in progress. In other words, if the bottom two bits of
+``->gp_seq`` are zero, then RCU is idle. Any other value in the bottom
+two bits indicates that something is broken. This field is protected by
+the root ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->lock`` field.
+
+There are ``->gp_seq`` fields in the ``rcu_node`` and ``rcu_data``
+structures as well. The fields in the ``rcu_state`` structure represent
+the most current value, and those of the other structures are compared
+in order to detect the beginnings and ends of grace periods in a
+distributed fashion. The values flow from ``rcu_state`` to ``rcu_node``
+(down the tree from the root to the leaves) to ``rcu_data``.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Given that the root rcu_node structure has a gp_seq field, |
+| why does RCU maintain a separate gp_seq in the rcu_state structure? |
+| Why not just use the root rcu_node's gp_seq as the official record |
+| and update it directly when starting a new grace period? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| On single-node RCU trees (where the root node is also a leaf), |
+| updating the root node's gp_seq immediately would create unnecessary |
+| lock contention. Here's why: |
+| |
+| If we did rcu_seq_start() directly on the root node's gp_seq: |
+| |
+| 1. All CPUs would immediately see their node's gp_seq from their rdp's|
+| gp_seq, in rcu_pending(). They would all then invoke the RCU-core. |
+| 2. Which calls note_gp_changes() and try to acquire the node lock. |
+| 3. But rnp->qsmask isn't initialized yet (happens later in |
+| rcu_gp_init()) |
+| 4. So each CPU would acquire the lock, find it can't determine if it |
+| needs to report quiescent state (no qsmask), update rdp->gp_seq, |
+| and release the lock. |
+| 5. Result: Lots of lock acquisitions with no grace period progress |
+| |
+| By having a separate rcu_state.gp_seq, we can increment the official |
+| grace period counter without immediately affecting what CPUs see in |
+| their nodes. The hierarchical propagation in rcu_gp_init() then |
+| updates the root node's gp_seq and qsmask together under the same lock|
+| acquisition, avoiding this useless contention. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Miscellaneous
+'''''''''''''
+
+This portion of the ``rcu_state`` structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 unsigned long gp_max;
+ 2 char abbr;
+ 3 char *name;
+
+The ``->gp_max`` field tracks the duration of the longest grace period
+in jiffies. It is protected by the root ``rcu_node``'s ``->lock``.
+
+The ``->name`` and ``->abbr`` fields distinguish between preemptible RCU
+(“rcu_preempt†and “pâ€) and non-preemptible RCU (“rcu_sched†and “sâ€).
+These fields are used for diagnostic and tracing purposes.
+
+The ``rcu_node`` Structure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ``rcu_node`` structures form the combining tree that propagates
+quiescent-state information from the leaves to the root and also that
+propagates grace-period information from the root down to the leaves.
+They provides local copies of the grace-period state in order to allow
+this information to be accessed in a synchronized manner without
+suffering the scalability limitations that would otherwise be imposed by
+global locking. In ``CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU`` kernels, they manage the lists
+of tasks that have blocked while in their current RCU read-side critical
+section. In ``CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU`` with ``CONFIG_RCU_BOOST``, they
+manage the per-\ ``rcu_node`` priority-boosting kernel threads
+(kthreads) and state. Finally, they record CPU-hotplug state in order to
+determine which CPUs should be ignored during a given grace period.
+
+The ``rcu_node`` structure's fields are discussed, singly and in groups,
+in the following sections.
+
+Connection to Combining Tree
+''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+This portion of the ``rcu_node`` structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 struct rcu_node *parent;
+ 2 u8 level;
+ 3 u8 grpnum;
+ 4 unsigned long grpmask;
+ 5 int grplo;
+ 6 int grphi;
+
+The ``->parent`` pointer references the ``rcu_node`` one level up in the
+tree, and is ``NULL`` for the root ``rcu_node``. The RCU implementation
+makes heavy use of this field to push quiescent states up the tree. The
+``->level`` field gives the level in the tree, with the root being at
+level zero, its children at level one, and so on. The ``->grpnum`` field
+gives this node's position within the children of its parent, so this
+number can range between 0 and 31 on 32-bit systems and between 0 and 63
+on 64-bit systems. The ``->level`` and ``->grpnum`` fields are used only
+during initialization and for tracing. The ``->grpmask`` field is the
+bitmask counterpart of ``->grpnum``, and therefore always has exactly
+one bit set. This mask is used to clear the bit corresponding to this
+``rcu_node`` structure in its parent's bitmasks, which are described
+later. Finally, the ``->grplo`` and ``->grphi`` fields contain the
+lowest and highest numbered CPU served by this ``rcu_node`` structure,
+respectively.
+
+All of these fields are constant, and thus do not require any
+synchronization.
+
+Synchronization
+'''''''''''''''
+
+This field of the ``rcu_node`` structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 raw_spinlock_t lock;
+
+This field is used to protect the remaining fields in this structure,
+unless otherwise stated. That said, all of the fields in this structure
+can be accessed without locking for tracing purposes. Yes, this can
+result in confusing traces, but better some tracing confusion than to be
+heisenbugged out of existence.
+
+.. _grace-period-tracking-1:
+
+Grace-Period Tracking
+'''''''''''''''''''''
+
+This portion of the ``rcu_node`` structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 unsigned long gp_seq;
+ 2 unsigned long gp_seq_needed;
+
+The ``rcu_node`` structures' ``->gp_seq`` fields are the counterparts of
+the field of the same name in the ``rcu_state`` structure. They each may
+lag up to one step behind their ``rcu_state`` counterpart. If the bottom
+two bits of a given ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->gp_seq`` field is zero,
+then this ``rcu_node`` structure believes that RCU is idle.
+
+The ``>gp_seq`` field of each ``rcu_node`` structure is updated at the
+beginning and the end of each grace period.
+
+The ``->gp_seq_needed`` fields record the furthest-in-the-future grace
+period request seen by the corresponding ``rcu_node`` structure. The
+request is considered fulfilled when the value of the ``->gp_seq`` field
+equals or exceeds that of the ``->gp_seq_needed`` field.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Suppose that this ``rcu_node`` structure doesn't see a request for a |
+| very long time. Won't wrapping of the ``->gp_seq`` field cause |
+| problems? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| No, because if the ``->gp_seq_needed`` field lags behind the |
+| ``->gp_seq`` field, the ``->gp_seq_needed`` field will be updated at |
+| the end of the grace period. Modulo-arithmetic comparisons therefore |
+| will always get the correct answer, even with wrapping. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Quiescent-State Tracking
+''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+These fields manage the propagation of quiescent states up the combining
+tree.
+
+This portion of the ``rcu_node`` structure has fields as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 unsigned long qsmask;
+ 2 unsigned long expmask;
+ 3 unsigned long qsmaskinit;
+ 4 unsigned long expmaskinit;
+
+The ``->qsmask`` field tracks which of this ``rcu_node`` structure's
+children still need to report quiescent states for the current normal
+grace period. Such children will have a value of 1 in their
+corresponding bit. Note that the leaf ``rcu_node`` structures should be
+thought of as having ``rcu_data`` structures as their children.
+Similarly, the ``->expmask`` field tracks which of this ``rcu_node``
+structure's children still need to report quiescent states for the
+current expedited grace period. An expedited grace period has the same
+conceptual properties as a normal grace period, but the expedited
+implementation accepts extreme CPU overhead to obtain much lower
+grace-period latency, for example, consuming a few tens of microseconds
+worth of CPU time to reduce grace-period duration from milliseconds to
+tens of microseconds. The ``->qsmaskinit`` field tracks which of this
+``rcu_node`` structure's children cover for at least one online CPU.
+This mask is used to initialize ``->qsmask``, and ``->expmaskinit`` is
+used to initialize ``->expmask`` and the beginning of the normal and
+expedited grace periods, respectively.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Why are these bitmasks protected by locking? Come on, haven't you |
+| heard of atomic instructions??? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Lockless grace-period computation! Such a tantalizing possibility! |
+| But consider the following sequence of events: |
+| |
+| #. CPU 0 has been in dyntick-idle mode for quite some time. When it |
+| wakes up, it notices that the current RCU grace period needs it to |
+| report in, so it sets a flag where the scheduling clock interrupt |
+| will find it. |
+| #. Meanwhile, CPU 1 is running ``force_quiescent_state()``, and |
+| notices that CPU 0 has been in dyntick idle mode, which qualifies |
+| as an extended quiescent state. |
+| #. CPU 0's scheduling clock interrupt fires in the middle of an RCU |
+| read-side critical section, and notices that the RCU core needs |
+| something, so commences RCU softirq processing. |
+| #. CPU 0's softirq handler executes and is just about ready to report |
+| its quiescent state up the ``rcu_node`` tree. |
+| #. But CPU 1 beats it to the punch, completing the current grace |
+| period and starting a new one. |
+| #. CPU 0 now reports its quiescent state for the wrong grace period. |
+| That grace period might now end before the RCU read-side critical |
+| section. If that happens, disaster will ensue. |
+| |
+| So the locking is absolutely required in order to coordinate clearing |
+| of the bits with updating of the grace-period sequence number in |
+| ``->gp_seq``. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Blocked-Task Management
+'''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+``PREEMPT_RCU`` allows tasks to be preempted in the midst of their RCU
+read-side critical sections, and these tasks must be tracked explicitly.
+The details of exactly why and how they are tracked will be covered in a
+separate article on RCU read-side processing. For now, it is enough to
+know that the ``rcu_node`` structure tracks them.
+
+::
+
+ 1 struct list_head blkd_tasks;
+ 2 struct list_head *gp_tasks;
+ 3 struct list_head *exp_tasks;
+ 4 bool wait_blkd_tasks;
+
+The ``->blkd_tasks`` field is a list header for the list of blocked and
+preempted tasks. As tasks undergo context switches within RCU read-side
+critical sections, their ``task_struct`` structures are enqueued (via
+the ``task_struct``'s ``->rcu_node_entry`` field) onto the head of the
+``->blkd_tasks`` list for the leaf ``rcu_node`` structure corresponding
+to the CPU on which the outgoing context switch executed. As these tasks
+later exit their RCU read-side critical sections, they remove themselves
+from the list. This list is therefore in reverse time order, so that if
+one of the tasks is blocking the current grace period, all subsequent
+tasks must also be blocking that same grace period. Therefore, a single
+pointer into this list suffices to track all tasks blocking a given
+grace period. That pointer is stored in ``->gp_tasks`` for normal grace
+periods and in ``->exp_tasks`` for expedited grace periods. These last
+two fields are ``NULL`` if either there is no grace period in flight or
+if there are no blocked tasks preventing that grace period from
+completing. If either of these two pointers is referencing a task that
+removes itself from the ``->blkd_tasks`` list, then that task must
+advance the pointer to the next task on the list, or set the pointer to
+``NULL`` if there are no subsequent tasks on the list.
+
+For example, suppose that tasks T1, T2, and T3 are all hard-affinitied
+to the largest-numbered CPU in the system. Then if task T1 blocked in an
+RCU read-side critical section, then an expedited grace period started,
+then task T2 blocked in an RCU read-side critical section, then a normal
+grace period started, and finally task 3 blocked in an RCU read-side
+critical section, then the state of the last leaf ``rcu_node``
+structure's blocked-task list would be as shown below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: blkd_task.svg
+
+Task T1 is blocking both grace periods, task T2 is blocking only the
+normal grace period, and task T3 is blocking neither grace period. Note
+that these tasks will not remove themselves from this list immediately
+upon resuming execution. They will instead remain on the list until they
+execute the outermost ``rcu_read_unlock()`` that ends their RCU
+read-side critical section.
+
+The ``->wait_blkd_tasks`` field indicates whether or not the current
+grace period is waiting on a blocked task.
+
+Sizing the ``rcu_node`` Array
+'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+The ``rcu_node`` array is sized via a series of C-preprocessor
+expressions as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT
+ 2 #define RCU_FANOUT CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT
+ 3 #else
+ 4 # ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+ 5 # define RCU_FANOUT 64
+ 6 # else
+ 7 # define RCU_FANOUT 32
+ 8 # endif
+ 9 #endif
+ 10
+ 11 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_LEAF
+ 12 #define RCU_FANOUT_LEAF CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_LEAF
+ 13 #else
+ 14 # ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+ 15 # define RCU_FANOUT_LEAF 64
+ 16 # else
+ 17 # define RCU_FANOUT_LEAF 32
+ 18 # endif
+ 19 #endif
+ 20
+ 21 #define RCU_FANOUT_1 (RCU_FANOUT_LEAF)
+ 22 #define RCU_FANOUT_2 (RCU_FANOUT_1 * RCU_FANOUT)
+ 23 #define RCU_FANOUT_3 (RCU_FANOUT_2 * RCU_FANOUT)
+ 24 #define RCU_FANOUT_4 (RCU_FANOUT_3 * RCU_FANOUT)
+ 25
+ 26 #if NR_CPUS <= RCU_FANOUT_1
+ 27 # define RCU_NUM_LVLS 1
+ 28 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_0 1
+ 29 # define NUM_RCU_NODES NUM_RCU_LVL_0
+ 30 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_INIT { NUM_RCU_LVL_0 }
+ 31 # define RCU_NODE_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_0" }
+ 32 # define RCU_FQS_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_fqs_0" }
+ 33 # define RCU_EXP_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_exp_0" }
+ 34 #elif NR_CPUS <= RCU_FANOUT_2
+ 35 # define RCU_NUM_LVLS 2
+ 36 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_0 1
+ 37 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_1 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_1)
+ 38 # define NUM_RCU_NODES (NUM_RCU_LVL_0 + NUM_RCU_LVL_1)
+ 39 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_INIT { NUM_RCU_LVL_0, NUM_RCU_LVL_1 }
+ 40 # define RCU_NODE_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_0", "rcu_node_1" }
+ 41 # define RCU_FQS_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_fqs_0", "rcu_node_fqs_1" }
+ 42 # define RCU_EXP_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_exp_0", "rcu_node_exp_1" }
+ 43 #elif NR_CPUS <= RCU_FANOUT_3
+ 44 # define RCU_NUM_LVLS 3
+ 45 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_0 1
+ 46 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_1 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_2)
+ 47 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_2 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_1)
+ 48 # define NUM_RCU_NODES (NUM_RCU_LVL_0 + NUM_RCU_LVL_1 + NUM_RCU_LVL_2)
+ 49 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_INIT { NUM_RCU_LVL_0, NUM_RCU_LVL_1, NUM_RCU_LVL_2 }
+ 50 # define RCU_NODE_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_0", "rcu_node_1", "rcu_node_2" }
+ 51 # define RCU_FQS_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_fqs_0", "rcu_node_fqs_1", "rcu_node_fqs_2" }
+ 52 # define RCU_EXP_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_exp_0", "rcu_node_exp_1", "rcu_node_exp_2" }
+ 53 #elif NR_CPUS <= RCU_FANOUT_4
+ 54 # define RCU_NUM_LVLS 4
+ 55 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_0 1
+ 56 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_1 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_3)
+ 57 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_2 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_2)
+ 58 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_3 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_1)
+ 59 # define NUM_RCU_NODES (NUM_RCU_LVL_0 + NUM_RCU_LVL_1 + NUM_RCU_LVL_2 + NUM_RCU_LVL_3)
+ 60 # define NUM_RCU_LVL_INIT { NUM_RCU_LVL_0, NUM_RCU_LVL_1, NUM_RCU_LVL_2, NUM_RCU_LVL_3 }
+ 61 # define RCU_NODE_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_0", "rcu_node_1", "rcu_node_2", "rcu_node_3" }
+ 62 # define RCU_FQS_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_fqs_0", "rcu_node_fqs_1", "rcu_node_fqs_2", "rcu_node_fqs_3" }
+ 63 # define RCU_EXP_NAME_INIT { "rcu_node_exp_0", "rcu_node_exp_1", "rcu_node_exp_2", "rcu_node_exp_3" }
+ 64 #else
+ 65 # error "CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT insufficient for NR_CPUS"
+ 66 #endif
+
+The maximum number of levels in the ``rcu_node`` structure is currently
+limited to four, as specified by lines 21-24 and the structure of the
+subsequent “if†statement. For 32-bit systems, this allows
+16*32*32*32=524,288 CPUs, which should be sufficient for the next few
+years at least. For 64-bit systems, 16*64*64*64=4,194,304 CPUs is
+allowed, which should see us through the next decade or so. This
+four-level tree also allows kernels built with ``CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT=8``
+to support up to 4096 CPUs, which might be useful in very large systems
+having eight CPUs per socket (but please note that no one has yet shown
+any measurable performance degradation due to misaligned socket and
+``rcu_node`` boundaries). In addition, building kernels with a full four
+levels of ``rcu_node`` tree permits better testing of RCU's
+combining-tree code.
+
+The ``RCU_FANOUT`` symbol controls how many children are permitted at
+each non-leaf level of the ``rcu_node`` tree. If the
+``CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT`` Kconfig option is not specified, it is set based
+on the word size of the system, which is also the Kconfig default.
+
+The ``RCU_FANOUT_LEAF`` symbol controls how many CPUs are handled by
+each leaf ``rcu_node`` structure. Experience has shown that allowing a
+given leaf ``rcu_node`` structure to handle 64 CPUs, as permitted by the
+number of bits in the ``->qsmask`` field on a 64-bit system, results in
+excessive contention for the leaf ``rcu_node`` structures' ``->lock``
+fields. The number of CPUs per leaf ``rcu_node`` structure is therefore
+limited to 16 given the default value of ``CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_LEAF``. If
+``CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_LEAF`` is unspecified, the value selected is based
+on the word size of the system, just as for ``CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT``.
+Lines 11-19 perform this computation.
+
+Lines 21-24 compute the maximum number of CPUs supported by a
+single-level (which contains a single ``rcu_node`` structure),
+two-level, three-level, and four-level ``rcu_node`` tree, respectively,
+given the fanout specified by ``RCU_FANOUT`` and ``RCU_FANOUT_LEAF``.
+These numbers of CPUs are retained in the ``RCU_FANOUT_1``,
+``RCU_FANOUT_2``, ``RCU_FANOUT_3``, and ``RCU_FANOUT_4`` C-preprocessor
+variables, respectively.
+
+These variables are used to control the C-preprocessor ``#if`` statement
+spanning lines 26-66 that computes the number of ``rcu_node`` structures
+required for each level of the tree, as well as the number of levels
+required. The number of levels is placed in the ``NUM_RCU_LVLS``
+C-preprocessor variable by lines 27, 35, 44, and 54. The number of
+``rcu_node`` structures for the topmost level of the tree is always
+exactly one, and this value is unconditionally placed into
+``NUM_RCU_LVL_0`` by lines 28, 36, 45, and 55. The rest of the levels
+(if any) of the ``rcu_node`` tree are computed by dividing the maximum
+number of CPUs by the fanout supported by the number of levels from the
+current level down, rounding up. This computation is performed by
+lines 37, 46-47, and 56-58. Lines 31-33, 40-42, 50-52, and 62-63 create
+initializers for lockdep lock-class names. Finally, lines 64-66 produce
+an error if the maximum number of CPUs is too large for the specified
+fanout.
+
+The ``rcu_segcblist`` Structure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ``rcu_segcblist`` structure maintains a segmented list of callbacks
+as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 #define RCU_DONE_TAIL 0
+ 2 #define RCU_WAIT_TAIL 1
+ 3 #define RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL 2
+ 4 #define RCU_NEXT_TAIL 3
+ 5 #define RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS 4
+ 6
+ 7 struct rcu_segcblist {
+ 8 struct rcu_head *head;
+ 9 struct rcu_head **tails[RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS];
+ 10 unsigned long gp_seq[RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS];
+ 11 long len;
+ 12 long len_lazy;
+ 13 };
+
+The segments are as follows:
+
+#. ``RCU_DONE_TAIL``: Callbacks whose grace periods have elapsed. These
+ callbacks are ready to be invoked.
+#. ``RCU_WAIT_TAIL``: Callbacks that are waiting for the current grace
+ period. Note that different CPUs can have different ideas about which
+ grace period is current, hence the ``->gp_seq`` field.
+#. ``RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL``: Callbacks waiting for the next grace period
+ to start.
+#. ``RCU_NEXT_TAIL``: Callbacks that have not yet been associated with a
+ grace period.
+
+The ``->head`` pointer references the first callback or is ``NULL`` if
+the list contains no callbacks (which is *not* the same as being empty).
+Each element of the ``->tails[]`` array references the ``->next``
+pointer of the last callback in the corresponding segment of the list,
+or the list's ``->head`` pointer if that segment and all previous
+segments are empty. If the corresponding segment is empty but some
+previous segment is not empty, then the array element is identical to
+its predecessor. Older callbacks are closer to the head of the list, and
+new callbacks are added at the tail. This relationship between the
+``->head`` pointer, the ``->tails[]`` array, and the callbacks is shown
+in this diagram:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: nxtlist.svg
+
+In this figure, the ``->head`` pointer references the first RCU callback
+in the list. The ``->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]`` array element references the
+``->head`` pointer itself, indicating that none of the callbacks is
+ready to invoke. The ``->tails[RCU_WAIT_TAIL]`` array element references
+callback CB 2's ``->next`` pointer, which indicates that CB 1 and CB 2
+are both waiting on the current grace period, give or take possible
+disagreements about exactly which grace period is the current one. The
+``->tails[RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL]`` array element references the same RCU
+callback that ``->tails[RCU_WAIT_TAIL]`` does, which indicates that
+there are no callbacks waiting on the next RCU grace period. The
+``->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL]`` array element references CB 4's ``->next``
+pointer, indicating that all the remaining RCU callbacks have not yet
+been assigned to an RCU grace period. Note that the
+``->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL]`` array element always references the last RCU
+callback's ``->next`` pointer unless the callback list is empty, in
+which case it references the ``->head`` pointer.
+
+There is one additional important special case for the
+``->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL]`` array element: It can be ``NULL`` when this
+list is *disabled*. Lists are disabled when the corresponding CPU is
+offline or when the corresponding CPU's callbacks are offloaded to a
+kthread, both of which are described elsewhere.
+
+CPUs advance their callbacks from the ``RCU_NEXT_TAIL`` to the
+``RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL`` to the ``RCU_WAIT_TAIL`` to the
+``RCU_DONE_TAIL`` list segments as grace periods advance.
+
+The ``->gp_seq[]`` array records grace-period numbers corresponding to
+the list segments. This is what allows different CPUs to have different
+ideas as to which is the current grace period while still avoiding
+premature invocation of their callbacks. In particular, this allows CPUs
+that go idle for extended periods to determine which of their callbacks
+are ready to be invoked after reawakening.
+
+The ``->len`` counter contains the number of callbacks in ``->head``,
+and the ``->len_lazy`` contains the number of those callbacks that are
+known to only free memory, and whose invocation can therefore be safely
+deferred.
+
+.. important::
+
+ It is the ``->len`` field that determines whether or
+ not there are callbacks associated with this ``rcu_segcblist``
+ structure, *not* the ``->head`` pointer. The reason for this is that all
+ the ready-to-invoke callbacks (that is, those in the ``RCU_DONE_TAIL``
+ segment) are extracted all at once at callback-invocation time
+ (``rcu_do_batch``), due to which ``->head`` may be set to NULL if there
+ are no not-done callbacks remaining in the ``rcu_segcblist``. If
+ callback invocation must be postponed, for example, because a
+ high-priority process just woke up on this CPU, then the remaining
+ callbacks are placed back on the ``RCU_DONE_TAIL`` segment and
+ ``->head`` once again points to the start of the segment. In short, the
+ head field can briefly be ``NULL`` even though the CPU has callbacks
+ present the entire time. Therefore, it is not appropriate to test the
+ ``->head`` pointer for ``NULL``.
+
+In contrast, the ``->len`` and ``->len_lazy`` counts are adjusted only
+after the corresponding callbacks have been invoked. This means that the
+``->len`` count is zero only if the ``rcu_segcblist`` structure really
+is devoid of callbacks. Of course, off-CPU sampling of the ``->len``
+count requires careful use of appropriate synchronization, for example,
+memory barriers. This synchronization can be a bit subtle, particularly
+in the case of ``rcu_barrier()``.
+
+The ``rcu_data`` Structure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ``rcu_data`` maintains the per-CPU state for the RCU subsystem. The
+fields in this structure may be accessed only from the corresponding CPU
+(and from tracing) unless otherwise stated. This structure is the focus
+of quiescent-state detection and RCU callback queuing. It also tracks
+its relationship to the corresponding leaf ``rcu_node`` structure to
+allow more-efficient propagation of quiescent states up the ``rcu_node``
+combining tree. Like the ``rcu_node`` structure, it provides a local
+copy of the grace-period information to allow for-free synchronized
+access to this information from the corresponding CPU. Finally, this
+structure records past dyntick-idle state for the corresponding CPU and
+also tracks statistics.
+
+The ``rcu_data`` structure's fields are discussed, singly and in groups,
+in the following sections.
+
+Connection to Other Data Structures
+'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+This portion of the ``rcu_data`` structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 int cpu;
+ 2 struct rcu_node *mynode;
+ 3 unsigned long grpmask;
+ 4 bool beenonline;
+
+The ``->cpu`` field contains the number of the corresponding CPU and the
+``->mynode`` field references the corresponding ``rcu_node`` structure.
+The ``->mynode`` is used to propagate quiescent states up the combining
+tree. These two fields are constant and therefore do not require
+synchronization.
+
+The ``->grpmask`` field indicates the bit in the ``->mynode->qsmask``
+corresponding to this ``rcu_data`` structure, and is also used when
+propagating quiescent states. The ``->beenonline`` flag is set whenever
+the corresponding CPU comes online, which means that the debugfs tracing
+need not dump out any ``rcu_data`` structure for which this flag is not
+set.
+
+Quiescent-State and Grace-Period Tracking
+'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+This portion of the ``rcu_data`` structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 unsigned long gp_seq;
+ 2 unsigned long gp_seq_needed;
+ 3 bool cpu_no_qs;
+ 4 bool core_needs_qs;
+ 5 bool gpwrap;
+
+The ``->gp_seq`` field is the counterpart of the field of the same name
+in the ``rcu_state`` and ``rcu_node`` structures. The
+``->gp_seq_needed`` field is the counterpart of the field of the same
+name in the rcu_node structure. They may each lag up to one behind their
+``rcu_node`` counterparts, but in ``CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE`` and
+``CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL`` kernels can lag arbitrarily far behind for CPUs in
+dyntick-idle mode (but these counters will catch up upon exit from
+dyntick-idle mode). If the lower two bits of a given ``rcu_data``
+structure's ``->gp_seq`` are zero, then this ``rcu_data`` structure
+believes that RCU is idle.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| All this replication of the grace period numbers can only cause |
+| massive confusion. Why not just keep a global sequence number and be |
+| done with it??? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Because if there was only a single global sequence numbers, there |
+| would need to be a single global lock to allow safely accessing and |
+| updating it. And if we are not going to have a single global lock, we |
+| need to carefully manage the numbers on a per-node basis. Recall from |
+| the answer to a previous Quick Quiz that the consequences of applying |
+| a previously sampled quiescent state to the wrong grace period are |
+| quite severe. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+The ``->cpu_no_qs`` flag indicates that the CPU has not yet passed
+through a quiescent state, while the ``->core_needs_qs`` flag indicates
+that the RCU core needs a quiescent state from the corresponding CPU.
+The ``->gpwrap`` field indicates that the corresponding CPU has remained
+idle for so long that the ``gp_seq`` counter is in danger of overflow,
+which will cause the CPU to disregard the values of its counters on its
+next exit from idle.
+
+RCU Callback Handling
+'''''''''''''''''''''
+
+In the absence of CPU-hotplug events, RCU callbacks are invoked by the
+same CPU that registered them. This is strictly a cache-locality
+optimization: callbacks can and do get invoked on CPUs other than the
+one that registered them. After all, if the CPU that registered a given
+callback has gone offline before the callback can be invoked, there
+really is no other choice.
+
+This portion of the ``rcu_data`` structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 struct rcu_segcblist cblist;
+ 2 long qlen_last_fqs_check;
+ 3 unsigned long n_cbs_invoked;
+ 4 unsigned long n_nocbs_invoked;
+ 5 unsigned long n_cbs_orphaned;
+ 6 unsigned long n_cbs_adopted;
+ 7 unsigned long n_force_qs_snap;
+ 8 long blimit;
+
+The ``->cblist`` structure is the segmented callback list described
+earlier. The CPU advances the callbacks in its ``rcu_data`` structure
+whenever it notices that another RCU grace period has completed. The CPU
+detects the completion of an RCU grace period by noticing that the value
+of its ``rcu_data`` structure's ``->gp_seq`` field differs from that of
+its leaf ``rcu_node`` structure. Recall that each ``rcu_node``
+structure's ``->gp_seq`` field is updated at the beginnings and ends of
+each grace period.
+
+The ``->qlen_last_fqs_check`` and ``->n_force_qs_snap`` coordinate the
+forcing of quiescent states from ``call_rcu()`` and friends when
+callback lists grow excessively long.
+
+The ``->n_cbs_invoked``, ``->n_cbs_orphaned``, and ``->n_cbs_adopted``
+fields count the number of callbacks invoked, sent to other CPUs when
+this CPU goes offline, and received from other CPUs when those other
+CPUs go offline. The ``->n_nocbs_invoked`` is used when the CPU's
+callbacks are offloaded to a kthread.
+
+Finally, the ``->blimit`` counter is the maximum number of RCU callbacks
+that may be invoked at a given time.
+
+Dyntick-Idle Handling
+'''''''''''''''''''''
+
+This portion of the ``rcu_data`` structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 int watching_snap;
+ 2 unsigned long dynticks_fqs;
+
+The ``->watching_snap`` field is used to take a snapshot of the
+corresponding CPU's dyntick-idle state when forcing quiescent states,
+and is therefore accessed from other CPUs. Finally, the
+``->dynticks_fqs`` field is used to count the number of times this CPU
+is determined to be in dyntick-idle state, and is used for tracing and
+debugging purposes.
+
+This portion of the rcu_data structure is declared as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 long nesting;
+ 2 long nmi_nesting;
+ 3 atomic_t dynticks;
+ 4 bool rcu_need_heavy_qs;
+ 5 bool rcu_urgent_qs;
+
+These fields in the rcu_data structure maintain the per-CPU dyntick-idle
+state for the corresponding CPU. The fields may be accessed only from
+the corresponding CPU (and from tracing) unless otherwise stated.
+
+The ``->nesting`` field counts the nesting depth of process
+execution, so that in normal circumstances this counter has value zero
+or one. NMIs, irqs, and tracers are counted by the
+``->nmi_nesting`` field. Because NMIs cannot be masked, changes
+to this variable have to be undertaken carefully using an algorithm
+provided by Andy Lutomirski. The initial transition from idle adds one,
+and nested transitions add two, so that a nesting level of five is
+represented by a ``->nmi_nesting`` value of nine. This counter
+can therefore be thought of as counting the number of reasons why this
+CPU cannot be permitted to enter dyntick-idle mode, aside from
+process-level transitions.
+
+However, it turns out that when running in non-idle kernel context, the
+Linux kernel is fully capable of entering interrupt handlers that never
+exit and perhaps also vice versa. Therefore, whenever the
+``->nesting`` field is incremented up from zero, the
+``->nmi_nesting`` field is set to a large positive number, and
+whenever the ``->nesting`` field is decremented down to zero,
+the ``->nmi_nesting`` field is set to zero. Assuming that
+the number of misnested interrupts is not sufficient to overflow the
+counter, this approach corrects the ``->nmi_nesting`` field
+every time the corresponding CPU enters the idle loop from process
+context.
+
+The ``->dynticks`` field counts the corresponding CPU's transitions to
+and from either dyntick-idle or user mode, so that this counter has an
+even value when the CPU is in dyntick-idle mode or user mode and an odd
+value otherwise. The transitions to/from user mode need to be counted
+for user mode adaptive-ticks support (see Documentation/timers/no_hz.rst).
+
+The ``->rcu_need_heavy_qs`` field is used to record the fact that the
+RCU core code would really like to see a quiescent state from the
+corresponding CPU, so much so that it is willing to call for
+heavy-weight dyntick-counter operations. This flag is checked by RCU's
+context-switch and ``cond_resched()`` code, which provide a momentary
+idle sojourn in response.
+
+Finally, the ``->rcu_urgent_qs`` field is used to record the fact that
+the RCU core code would really like to see a quiescent state from the
+corresponding CPU, with the various other fields indicating just how
+badly RCU wants this quiescent state. This flag is checked by RCU's
+context-switch path (``rcu_note_context_switch``) and the cond_resched
+code.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Why not simply combine the ``->nesting`` and |
+| ``->nmi_nesting`` counters into a single counter that just |
+| counts the number of reasons that the corresponding CPU is non-idle? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Because this would fail in the presence of interrupts whose handlers |
+| never return and of handlers that manage to return from a made-up |
+| interrupt. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Additional fields are present for some special-purpose builds, and are
+discussed separately.
+
+The ``rcu_head`` Structure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Each ``rcu_head`` structure represents an RCU callback. These structures
+are normally embedded within RCU-protected data structures whose
+algorithms use asynchronous grace periods. In contrast, when using
+algorithms that block waiting for RCU grace periods, RCU users need not
+provide ``rcu_head`` structures.
+
+The ``rcu_head`` structure has fields as follows:
+
+::
+
+ 1 struct rcu_head *next;
+ 2 void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head);
+
+The ``->next`` field is used to link the ``rcu_head`` structures
+together in the lists within the ``rcu_data`` structures. The ``->func``
+field is a pointer to the function to be called when the callback is
+ready to be invoked, and this function is passed a pointer to the
+``rcu_head`` structure. However, ``kfree_rcu()`` uses the ``->func``
+field to record the offset of the ``rcu_head`` structure within the
+enclosing RCU-protected data structure.
+
+Both of these fields are used internally by RCU. From the viewpoint of
+RCU users, this structure is an opaque “cookieâ€.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Given that the callback function ``->func`` is passed a pointer to |
+| the ``rcu_head`` structure, how is that function supposed to find the |
+| beginning of the enclosing RCU-protected data structure? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| In actual practice, there is a separate callback function per type of |
+| RCU-protected data structure. The callback function can therefore use |
+| the ``container_of()`` macro in the Linux kernel (or other |
+| pointer-manipulation facilities in other software environments) to |
+| find the beginning of the enclosing structure. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+RCU-Specific Fields in the ``task_struct`` Structure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ``CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU`` implementation uses some additional fields in
+the ``task_struct`` structure:
+
+::
+
+ 1 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
+ 2 int rcu_read_lock_nesting;
+ 3 union rcu_special rcu_read_unlock_special;
+ 4 struct list_head rcu_node_entry;
+ 5 struct rcu_node *rcu_blocked_node;
+ 6 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
+ 7 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
+ 8 unsigned long rcu_tasks_nvcsw;
+ 9 bool rcu_tasks_holdout;
+ 10 struct list_head rcu_tasks_holdout_list;
+ 11 int rcu_tasks_idle_cpu;
+ 12 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU */
+
+The ``->rcu_read_lock_nesting`` field records the nesting level for RCU
+read-side critical sections, and the ``->rcu_read_unlock_special`` field
+is a bitmask that records special conditions that require
+``rcu_read_unlock()`` to do additional work. The ``->rcu_node_entry``
+field is used to form lists of tasks that have blocked within
+preemptible-RCU read-side critical sections and the
+``->rcu_blocked_node`` field references the ``rcu_node`` structure whose
+list this task is a member of, or ``NULL`` if it is not blocked within a
+preemptible-RCU read-side critical section.
+
+The ``->rcu_tasks_nvcsw`` field tracks the number of voluntary context
+switches that this task had undergone at the beginning of the current
+tasks-RCU grace period, ``->rcu_tasks_holdout`` is set if the current
+tasks-RCU grace period is waiting on this task,
+``->rcu_tasks_holdout_list`` is a list element enqueuing this task on
+the holdout list, and ``->rcu_tasks_idle_cpu`` tracks which CPU this
+idle task is running, but only if the task is currently running, that
+is, if the CPU is currently idle.
+
+Accessor Functions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The following listing shows the ``rcu_get_root()``,
+``rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first`` and ``rcu_for_each_leaf_node()``
+function and macros:
+
+::
+
+ 1 static struct rcu_node *rcu_get_root(struct rcu_state *rsp)
+ 2 {
+ 3 return &rsp->node[0];
+ 4 }
+ 5
+ 6 #define rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) \
+ 7 for ((rnp) = &(rsp)->node[0]; \
+ 8 (rnp) < &(rsp)->node[NUM_RCU_NODES]; (rnp)++)
+ 9
+ 10 #define rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rsp, rnp) \
+ 11 for ((rnp) = (rsp)->level[NUM_RCU_LVLS - 1]; \
+ 12 (rnp) < &(rsp)->node[NUM_RCU_NODES]; (rnp)++)
+
+The ``rcu_get_root()`` simply returns a pointer to the first element of
+the specified ``rcu_state`` structure's ``->node[]`` array, which is the
+root ``rcu_node`` structure.
+
+As noted earlier, the ``rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first()`` macro takes
+advantage of the layout of the ``rcu_node`` structures in the
+``rcu_state`` structure's ``->node[]`` array, performing a breadth-first
+traversal by simply traversing the array in order. Similarly, the
+``rcu_for_each_leaf_node()`` macro traverses only the last part of the
+array, thus traversing only the leaf ``rcu_node`` structures.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| What does ``rcu_for_each_leaf_node()`` do if the ``rcu_node`` tree |
+| contains only a single node? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| In the single-node case, ``rcu_for_each_leaf_node()`` traverses the |
+| single node. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Summary
+~~~~~~~
+
+So the state of RCU is represented by an ``rcu_state`` structure, which
+contains a combining tree of ``rcu_node`` and ``rcu_data`` structures.
+Finally, in ``CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE`` kernels, each CPU's dyntick-idle state
+is tracked by dynticks-related fields in the ``rcu_data`` structure. If
+you made it this far, you are well prepared to read the code
+walkthroughs in the other articles in this series.
+
+Acknowledgments
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+I owe thanks to Cyrill Gorcunov, Mathieu Desnoyers, Dhaval Giani, Paul
+Turner, Abhishek Srivastava, Matt Kowalczyk, and Serge Hallyn for
+helping me get this document into a more human-readable state.
+
+Legal Statement
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This work represents the view of the author and does not necessarily
+represent the view of IBM.
+
+Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
+
+Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service
+marks of others.
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diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.rst b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..414f8a2012d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+=================================================
+A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Expedited Grace Periods
+=================================================
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+This document describes RCU's expedited grace periods.
+Unlike RCU's normal grace periods, which accept long latencies to attain
+high efficiency and minimal disturbance, expedited grace periods accept
+lower efficiency and significant disturbance to attain shorter latencies.
+
+There are two flavors of RCU (RCU-preempt and RCU-sched), with an earlier
+third RCU-bh flavor having been implemented in terms of the other two.
+Each of the two implementations is covered in its own section.
+
+Expedited Grace Period Design
+=============================
+
+The expedited RCU grace periods cannot be accused of being subtle,
+given that they for all intents and purposes hammer every CPU that
+has not yet provided a quiescent state for the current expedited
+grace period.
+The one saving grace is that the hammer has grown a bit smaller
+over time: The old call to ``try_stop_cpus()`` has been
+replaced with a set of calls to ``smp_call_function_single()``,
+each of which results in an IPI to the target CPU.
+The corresponding handler function checks the CPU's state, motivating
+a faster quiescent state where possible, and triggering a report
+of that quiescent state.
+As always for RCU, once everything has spent some time in a quiescent
+state, the expedited grace period has completed.
+
+The details of the ``smp_call_function_single()`` handler's
+operation depend on the RCU flavor, as described in the following
+sections.
+
+RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods
+===================================
+
+``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y`` kernels implement RCU-preempt.
+The overall flow of the handling of a given CPU by an RCU-preempt
+expedited grace period is shown in the following diagram:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: ExpRCUFlow.svg
+
+The solid arrows denote direct action, for example, a function call.
+The dotted arrows denote indirect action, for example, an IPI
+or a state that is reached after some time.
+
+If a given CPU is offline or idle, ``synchronize_rcu_expedited()``
+will ignore it because idle and offline CPUs are already residing
+in quiescent states.
+Otherwise, the expedited grace period will use
+``smp_call_function_single()`` to send the CPU an IPI, which
+is handled by ``rcu_exp_handler()``.
+
+However, because this is preemptible RCU, ``rcu_exp_handler()``
+can check to see if the CPU is currently running in an RCU read-side
+critical section.
+If not, the handler can immediately report a quiescent state.
+Otherwise, it sets flags so that the outermost ``rcu_read_unlock()``
+invocation will provide the needed quiescent-state report.
+This flag-setting avoids the previous forced preemption of all
+CPUs that might have RCU read-side critical sections.
+In addition, this flag-setting is done so as to avoid increasing
+the overhead of the common-case fastpath through the scheduler.
+
+Again because this is preemptible RCU, an RCU read-side critical section
+can be preempted.
+When that happens, RCU will enqueue the task, which will the continue to
+block the current expedited grace period until it resumes and finds its
+outermost ``rcu_read_unlock()``.
+The CPU will report a quiescent state just after enqueuing the task because
+the CPU is no longer blocking the grace period.
+It is instead the preempted task doing the blocking.
+The list of blocked tasks is managed by ``rcu_preempt_ctxt_queue()``,
+which is called from ``rcu_preempt_note_context_switch()``, which
+in turn is called from ``rcu_note_context_switch()``, which in
+turn is called from the scheduler.
+
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Why not just have the expedited grace period check the state of all |
+| the CPUs? After all, that would avoid all those real-time-unfriendly |
+| IPIs. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Because we want the RCU read-side critical sections to run fast, |
+| which means no memory barriers. Therefore, it is not possible to |
+| safely check the state from some other CPU. And even if it was |
+| possible to safely check the state, it would still be necessary to |
+| IPI the CPU to safely interact with the upcoming |
+| ``rcu_read_unlock()`` invocation, which means that the remote state |
+| testing would not help the worst-case latency that real-time |
+| applications care about. |
+| |
+| One way to prevent your real-time application from getting hit with |
+| these IPIs is to build your kernel with ``CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y``. RCU |
+| would then perceive the CPU running your application as being idle, |
+| and it would be able to safely detect that state without needing to |
+| IPI the CPU. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Please note that this is just the overall flow: Additional complications
+can arise due to races with CPUs going idle or offline, among other
+things.
+
+RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods
+---------------------------------
+
+``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n`` kernels implement RCU-sched. The overall flow of
+the handling of a given CPU by an RCU-sched expedited grace period is
+shown in the following diagram:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: ExpSchedFlow.svg
+
+As with RCU-preempt, RCU-sched's ``synchronize_rcu_expedited()`` ignores
+offline and idle CPUs, again because they are in remotely detectable
+quiescent states. However, because the ``rcu_read_lock_sched()`` and
+``rcu_read_unlock_sched()`` leave no trace of their invocation, in
+general it is not possible to tell whether or not the current CPU is in
+an RCU read-side critical section. The best that RCU-sched's
+``rcu_exp_handler()`` can do is to check for idle, on the off-chance
+that the CPU went idle while the IPI was in flight. If the CPU is idle,
+then ``rcu_exp_handler()`` reports the quiescent state.
+
+Otherwise, the handler forces a future context switch by setting the
+NEED_RESCHED flag of the current task's thread flag and the CPU preempt
+counter. At the time of the context switch, the CPU reports the
+quiescent state. Should the CPU go offline first, it will report the
+quiescent state at that time.
+
+Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug
+--------------------------------------
+
+The expedited nature of expedited grace periods require a much tighter
+interaction with CPU hotplug operations than is required for normal
+grace periods. In addition, attempting to IPI offline CPUs will result
+in splats, but failing to IPI online CPUs can result in too-short grace
+periods. Neither option is acceptable in production kernels.
+
+The interaction between expedited grace periods and CPU hotplug
+operations is carried out at several levels:
+
+#. The number of CPUs that have ever been online is tracked by the
+ ``rcu_state`` structure's ``->ncpus`` field. The ``rcu_state``
+ structure's ``->ncpus_snap`` field tracks the number of CPUs that
+ have ever been online at the beginning of an RCU expedited grace
+ period. Note that this number never decreases, at least in the
+ absence of a time machine.
+#. The identities of the CPUs that have ever been online is tracked by
+ the ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->expmaskinitnext`` field. The
+ ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->expmaskinit`` field tracks the
+ identities of the CPUs that were online at least once at the
+ beginning of the most recent RCU expedited grace period. The
+ ``rcu_state`` structure's ``->ncpus`` and ``->ncpus_snap`` fields are
+ used to detect when new CPUs have come online for the first time,
+ that is, when the ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->expmaskinitnext``
+ field has changed since the beginning of the last RCU expedited grace
+ period, which triggers an update of each ``rcu_node`` structure's
+ ``->expmaskinit`` field from its ``->expmaskinitnext`` field.
+#. Each ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->expmaskinit`` field is used to
+ initialize that structure's ``->expmask`` at the beginning of each
+ RCU expedited grace period. This means that only those CPUs that have
+ been online at least once will be considered for a given grace
+ period.
+#. Any CPU that goes offline will clear its bit in its leaf ``rcu_node``
+ structure's ``->qsmaskinitnext`` field, so any CPU with that bit
+ clear can safely be ignored. However, it is possible for a CPU coming
+ online or going offline to have this bit set for some time while
+ ``cpu_online`` returns ``false``.
+#. For each non-idle CPU that RCU believes is currently online, the
+ grace period invokes ``smp_call_function_single()``. If this
+ succeeds, the CPU was fully online. Failure indicates that the CPU is
+ in the process of coming online or going offline, in which case it is
+ necessary to wait for a short time period and try again. The purpose
+ of this wait (or series of waits, as the case may be) is to permit a
+ concurrent CPU-hotplug operation to complete.
+#. In the case of RCU-sched, one of the last acts of an outgoing CPU is
+ to invoke ``rcutree_report_cpu_dead()``, which reports a quiescent state for
+ that CPU. However, this is likely paranoia-induced redundancy.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Why all the dancing around with multiple counters and masks tracking |
+| CPUs that were once online? Why not just have a single set of masks |
+| tracking the currently online CPUs and be done with it? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Maintaining single set of masks tracking the online CPUs *sounds* |
+| easier, at least until you try working out all the race conditions |
+| between grace-period initialization and CPU-hotplug operations. For |
+| example, suppose initialization is progressing down the tree while a |
+| CPU-offline operation is progressing up the tree. This situation can |
+| result in bits set at the top of the tree that have no counterparts |
+| at the bottom of the tree. Those bits will never be cleared, which |
+| will result in grace-period hangs. In short, that way lies madness, |
+| to say nothing of a great many bugs, hangs, and deadlocks. |
+| In contrast, the current multi-mask multi-counter scheme ensures that |
+| grace-period initialization will always see consistent masks up and |
+| down the tree, which brings significant simplifications over the |
+| single-mask method. |
+| |
+| This is an instance of `deferring work in order to avoid |
+| synchronization <http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~library/TR-repository/re |
+| ports/reports-1992/cucs-039-92.ps.gz>`__. |
+| Lazily recording CPU-hotplug events at the beginning of the next |
+| grace period greatly simplifies maintenance of the CPU-tracking |
+| bitmasks in the ``rcu_node`` tree. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Expedited Grace Period Refinements
+----------------------------------
+
+Idle-CPU Checks
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Each expedited grace period checks for idle CPUs when initially forming
+the mask of CPUs to be IPIed and again just before IPIing a CPU (both
+checks are carried out by ``sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus()``). If the CPU is
+idle at any time between those two times, the CPU will not be IPIed.
+Instead, the task pushing the grace period forward will include the idle
+CPUs in the mask passed to ``rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult()``.
+
+For RCU-sched, there is an additional check: If the IPI has interrupted
+the idle loop, then ``rcu_exp_handler()`` invokes
+``rcu_report_exp_rdp()`` to report the corresponding quiescent state.
+
+For RCU-preempt, there is no specific check for idle in the IPI handler
+(``rcu_exp_handler()``), but because RCU read-side critical sections are
+not permitted within the idle loop, if ``rcu_exp_handler()`` sees that
+the CPU is within RCU read-side critical section, the CPU cannot
+possibly be idle. Otherwise, ``rcu_exp_handler()`` invokes
+``rcu_report_exp_rdp()`` to report the corresponding quiescent state,
+regardless of whether or not that quiescent state was due to the CPU
+being idle.
+
+In summary, RCU expedited grace periods check for idle when building the
+bitmask of CPUs that must be IPIed, just before sending each IPI, and
+(either explicitly or implicitly) within the IPI handler.
+
+Batching via Sequence Counter
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If each grace-period request was carried out separately, expedited grace
+periods would have abysmal scalability and problematic high-load
+characteristics. Because each grace-period operation can serve an
+unlimited number of updates, it is important to *batch* requests, so
+that a single expedited grace-period operation will cover all requests
+in the corresponding batch.
+
+This batching is controlled by a sequence counter named
+``->expedited_sequence`` in the ``rcu_state`` structure. This counter
+has an odd value when there is an expedited grace period in progress and
+an even value otherwise, so that dividing the counter value by two gives
+the number of completed grace periods. During any given update request,
+the counter must transition from even to odd and then back to even, thus
+indicating that a grace period has elapsed. Therefore, if the initial
+value of the counter is ``s``, the updater must wait until the counter
+reaches at least the value ``(s+3)&~0x1``. This counter is managed by
+the following access functions:
+
+#. ``rcu_exp_gp_seq_start()``, which marks the start of an expedited
+ grace period.
+#. ``rcu_exp_gp_seq_end()``, which marks the end of an expedited grace
+ period.
+#. ``rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap()``, which obtains a snapshot of the counter.
+#. ``rcu_exp_gp_seq_done()``, which returns ``true`` if a full expedited
+ grace period has elapsed since the corresponding call to
+ ``rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap()``.
+
+Again, only one request in a given batch need actually carry out a
+grace-period operation, which means there must be an efficient way to
+identify which of many concurrent requests will initiate the grace
+period, and that there be an efficient way for the remaining requests to
+wait for that grace period to complete. However, that is the topic of
+the next section.
+
+Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The natural way to sort out which of a batch of updaters will initiate
+the expedited grace period is to use the ``rcu_node`` combining tree, as
+implemented by the ``exp_funnel_lock()`` function. The first updater
+corresponding to a given grace period arriving at a given ``rcu_node``
+structure records its desired grace-period sequence number in the
+``->exp_seq_rq`` field and moves up to the next level in the tree.
+Otherwise, if the ``->exp_seq_rq`` field already contains the sequence
+number for the desired grace period or some later one, the updater
+blocks on one of four wait queues in the ``->exp_wq[]`` array, using the
+second-from-bottom and third-from bottom bits as an index. An
+``->exp_lock`` field in the ``rcu_node`` structure synchronizes access
+to these fields.
+
+An empty ``rcu_node`` tree is shown in the following diagram, with the
+white cells representing the ``->exp_seq_rq`` field and the red cells
+representing the elements of the ``->exp_wq[]`` array.
+
+.. kernel-figure:: Funnel0.svg
+
+The next diagram shows the situation after the arrival of Task A and
+Task B at the leftmost and rightmost leaf ``rcu_node`` structures,
+respectively. The current value of the ``rcu_state`` structure's
+``->expedited_sequence`` field is zero, so adding three and clearing the
+bottom bit results in the value two, which both tasks record in the
+``->exp_seq_rq`` field of their respective ``rcu_node`` structures:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: Funnel1.svg
+
+Each of Tasks A and B will move up to the root ``rcu_node`` structure.
+Suppose that Task A wins, recording its desired grace-period sequence
+number and resulting in the state shown below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: Funnel2.svg
+
+Task A now advances to initiate a new grace period, while Task B moves
+up to the root ``rcu_node`` structure, and, seeing that its desired
+sequence number is already recorded, blocks on ``->exp_wq[1]``.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Why ``->exp_wq[1]``? Given that the value of these tasks' desired |
+| sequence number is two, so shouldn't they instead block on |
+| ``->exp_wq[2]``? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| No. |
+| Recall that the bottom bit of the desired sequence number indicates |
+| whether or not a grace period is currently in progress. It is |
+| therefore necessary to shift the sequence number right one bit |
+| position to obtain the number of the grace period. This results in |
+| ``->exp_wq[1]``. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+If Tasks C and D also arrive at this point, they will compute the same
+desired grace-period sequence number, and see that both leaf
+``rcu_node`` structures already have that value recorded. They will
+therefore block on their respective ``rcu_node`` structures'
+``->exp_wq[1]`` fields, as shown below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: Funnel3.svg
+
+Task A now acquires the ``rcu_state`` structure's ``->exp_mutex`` and
+initiates the grace period, which increments ``->expedited_sequence``.
+Therefore, if Tasks E and F arrive, they will compute a desired sequence
+number of 4 and will record this value as shown below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: Funnel4.svg
+
+Tasks E and F will propagate up the ``rcu_node`` combining tree, with
+Task F blocking on the root ``rcu_node`` structure and Task E wait for
+Task A to finish so that it can start the next grace period. The
+resulting state is as shown below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: Funnel5.svg
+
+Once the grace period completes, Task A starts waking up the tasks
+waiting for this grace period to complete, increments the
+``->expedited_sequence``, acquires the ``->exp_wake_mutex`` and then
+releases the ``->exp_mutex``. This results in the following state:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: Funnel6.svg
+
+Task E can then acquire ``->exp_mutex`` and increment
+``->expedited_sequence`` to the value three. If new tasks G and H arrive
+and moves up the combining tree at the same time, the state will be as
+follows:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: Funnel7.svg
+
+Note that three of the root ``rcu_node`` structure's waitqueues are now
+occupied. However, at some point, Task A will wake up the tasks blocked
+on the ``->exp_wq`` waitqueues, resulting in the following state:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: Funnel8.svg
+
+Execution will continue with Tasks E and H completing their grace
+periods and carrying out their wakeups.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| What happens if Task A takes so long to do its wakeups that Task E's |
+| grace period completes? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Then Task E will block on the ``->exp_wake_mutex``, which will also |
+| prevent it from releasing ``->exp_mutex``, which in turn will prevent |
+| the next grace period from starting. This last is important in |
+| preventing overflow of the ``->exp_wq[]`` array. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Use of Workqueues
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In earlier implementations, the task requesting the expedited grace
+period also drove it to completion. This straightforward approach had
+the disadvantage of needing to account for POSIX signals sent to user
+tasks, so more recent implementations use the Linux kernel's
+workqueues (see Documentation/core-api/workqueue.rst).
+
+The requesting task still does counter snapshotting and funnel-lock
+processing, but the task reaching the top of the funnel lock does a
+``schedule_work()`` (from ``_synchronize_rcu_expedited()`` so that a
+workqueue kthread does the actual grace-period processing. Because
+workqueue kthreads do not accept POSIX signals, grace-period-wait
+processing need not allow for POSIX signals. In addition, this approach
+allows wakeups for the previous expedited grace period to be overlapped
+with processing for the next expedited grace period. Because there are
+only four sets of waitqueues, it is necessary to ensure that the
+previous grace period's wakeups complete before the next grace period's
+wakeups start. This is handled by having the ``->exp_mutex`` guard
+expedited grace-period processing and the ``->exp_wake_mutex`` guard
+wakeups. The key point is that the ``->exp_mutex`` is not released until
+the first wakeup is complete, which means that the ``->exp_wake_mutex``
+has already been acquired at that point. This approach ensures that the
+previous grace period's wakeups can be carried out while the current
+grace period is in process, but that these wakeups will complete before
+the next grace period starts. This means that only three waitqueues are
+required, guaranteeing that the four that are provided are sufficient.
+
+Stall Warnings
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Expediting grace periods does nothing to speed things up when RCU
+readers take too long, and therefore expedited grace periods check for
+stalls just as normal grace periods do.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| But why not just let the normal grace-period machinery detect the |
+| stalls, given that a given reader must block both normal and |
+| expedited grace periods? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Because it is quite possible that at a given time there is no normal |
+| grace period in progress, in which case the normal grace period |
+| cannot emit a stall warning. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+The ``synchronize_sched_expedited_wait()`` function loops waiting for
+the expedited grace period to end, but with a timeout set to the current
+RCU CPU stall-warning time. If this time is exceeded, any CPUs or
+``rcu_node`` structures blocking the current grace period are printed.
+Each stall warning results in another pass through the loop, but the
+second and subsequent passes use longer stall times.
+
+Mid-boot operation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The use of workqueues has the advantage that the expedited grace-period
+code need not worry about POSIX signals. Unfortunately, it has the
+corresponding disadvantage that workqueues cannot be used until they are
+initialized, which does not happen until some time after the scheduler
+spawns the first task. Given that there are parts of the kernel that
+really do want to execute grace periods during this mid-boot “dead
+zoneâ€, expedited grace periods must do something else during this time.
+
+What they do is to fall back to the old practice of requiring that the
+requesting task drive the expedited grace period, as was the case before
+the use of workqueues. However, the requesting task is only required to
+drive the grace period during the mid-boot dead zone. Before mid-boot, a
+synchronous grace period is a no-op. Some time after mid-boot,
+workqueues are used.
+
+Non-expedited non-SRCU synchronous grace periods must also operate
+normally during mid-boot. This is handled by causing non-expedited grace
+periods to take the expedited code path during mid-boot.
+
+The current code assumes that there are no POSIX signals during the
+mid-boot dead zone. However, if an overwhelming need for POSIX signals
+somehow arises, appropriate adjustments can be made to the expedited
+stall-warning code. One such adjustment would reinstate the
+pre-workqueue stall-warning checks, but only during the mid-boot dead
+zone.
+
+With this refinement, synchronous grace periods can now be used from
+task context pretty much any time during the life of the kernel. That
+is, aside from some points in the suspend, hibernate, or shutdown code
+path.
+
+Summary
+~~~~~~~
+
+Expedited grace periods use a sequence-number approach to promote
+batching, so that a single grace-period operation can serve numerous
+requests. A funnel lock is used to efficiently identify the one task out
+of a concurrent group that will request the grace period. All members of
+the group will block on waitqueues provided in the ``rcu_node``
+structure. The actual grace-period processing is carried out by a
+workqueue.
+
+CPU-hotplug operations are noted lazily in order to prevent the need for
+tight synchronization between expedited grace periods and CPU-hotplug
+operations. The dyntick-idle counters are used to avoid sending IPIs to
+idle CPUs, at least in the common case. RCU-preempt and RCU-sched use
+different IPI handlers and different code to respond to the state
+changes carried out by those handlers, but otherwise use common code.
+
+Quiescent states are tracked using the ``rcu_node`` tree, and once all
+necessary quiescent states have been reported, all tasks waiting on this
+expedited grace period are awakened. A pair of mutexes are used to allow
+one grace period's wakeups to proceed concurrently with the next grace
+period's processing.
+
+This combination of mechanisms allows expedited grace periods to run
+reasonably efficiently. However, for non-time-critical tasks, normal
+grace periods should be used instead because their longer duration
+permits much higher degrees of batching, and thus much lower per-request
+overheads.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel0.svg b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel0.svg
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1a5ff1a9f02e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+======================================================
+A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering
+======================================================
+
+August 8, 2017
+
+This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+This document gives a rough visual overview of how Tree RCU's
+grace-period memory ordering guarantee is provided.
+
+What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?
+==========================================================
+
+RCU grace periods provide extremely strong memory-ordering guarantees
+for non-idle non-offline code.
+Any code that happens after the end of a given RCU grace period is guaranteed
+to see the effects of all accesses prior to the beginning of that grace
+period that are within RCU read-side critical sections.
+Similarly, any code that happens before the beginning of a given RCU grace
+period is guaranteed to not see the effects of all accesses following the end
+of that grace period that are within RCU read-side critical sections.
+
+Note well that RCU-sched read-side critical sections include any region
+of code for which preemption is disabled.
+Given that each individual machine instruction can be thought of as
+an extremely small region of preemption-disabled code, one can think of
+``synchronize_rcu()`` as ``smp_mb()`` on steroids.
+
+RCU updaters use this guarantee by splitting their updates into
+two phases, one of which is executed before the grace period and
+the other of which is executed after the grace period.
+In the most common use case, phase one removes an element from
+a linked RCU-protected data structure, and phase two frees that element.
+For this to work, any readers that have witnessed state prior to the
+phase-one update (in the common case, removal) must not witness state
+following the phase-two update (in the common case, freeing).
+
+The RCU implementation provides this guarantee using a network
+of lock-based critical sections, memory barriers, and per-CPU
+processing, as is described in the following sections.
+
+Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks
+=====================================================
+
+The workhorse for RCU's grace-period memory ordering is the
+critical section for the ``rcu_node`` structure's
+``->lock``. These critical sections use helper functions for lock
+acquisition, including ``raw_spin_lock_rcu_node()``,
+``raw_spin_lock_irq_rcu_node()``, and ``raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node()``.
+Their lock-release counterparts are ``raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node()``,
+``raw_spin_unlock_irq_rcu_node()``, and
+``raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node()``, respectively.
+For completeness, a ``raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node()`` is also provided.
+The key point is that the lock-acquisition functions, including
+``raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node()``, all invoke ``smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()``
+immediately after successful acquisition of the lock.
+
+Therefore, for any given ``rcu_node`` structure, any access
+happening before one of the above lock-release functions will be seen
+by all CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later
+one of the above lock-acquisition functions.
+Furthermore, any access happening before one of the
+above lock-release function on any given CPU will be seen by all
+CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later one
+of the above lock-acquisition functions executing on that same CPU,
+even if the lock-release and lock-acquisition functions are operating
+on different ``rcu_node`` structures.
+Tree RCU uses these two ordering guarantees to form an ordering
+network among all CPUs that were in any way involved in the grace
+period, including any CPUs that came online or went offline during
+the grace period in question.
+
+The following litmus test exhibits the ordering effects of these
+lock-acquisition and lock-release functions::
+
+ 1 int x, y, z;
+ 2
+ 3 void task0(void)
+ 4 {
+ 5 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
+ 6 WRITE_ONCE(x, 1);
+ 7 r1 = READ_ONCE(y);
+ 8 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
+ 9 }
+ 10
+ 11 void task1(void)
+ 12 {
+ 13 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
+ 14 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
+ 15 r2 = READ_ONCE(z);
+ 16 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
+ 17 }
+ 18
+ 19 void task2(void)
+ 20 {
+ 21 WRITE_ONCE(z, 1);
+ 22 smp_mb();
+ 23 r3 = READ_ONCE(x);
+ 24 }
+ 25
+ 26 WARN_ON(r1 == 0 && r2 == 0 && r3 == 0);
+
+The ``WARN_ON()`` is evaluated at "the end of time",
+after all changes have propagated throughout the system.
+Without the ``smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()`` provided by the
+acquisition functions, this ``WARN_ON()`` could trigger, for example
+on PowerPC.
+The ``smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()`` invocations prevent this
+``WARN_ON()`` from triggering.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| But the chain of rcu_node-structure lock acquisitions guarantees |
+| that new readers will see all of the updater's pre-grace-period |
+| accesses and also guarantees that the updater's post-grace-period |
+| accesses will see all of the old reader's accesses. So why do we |
+| need all of those calls to smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Because we must provide ordering for RCU's polling grace-period |
+| primitives, for example, get_state_synchronize_rcu() and |
+| poll_state_synchronize_rcu(). Consider this code:: |
+| |
+| CPU 0 CPU 1 |
+| ---- ---- |
+| WRITE_ONCE(X, 1) WRITE_ONCE(Y, 1) |
+| g = get_state_synchronize_rcu() smp_mb() |
+| while (!poll_state_synchronize_rcu(g)) r1 = READ_ONCE(X) |
+| continue; |
+| r0 = READ_ONCE(Y) |
+| |
+| RCU guarantees that the outcome r0 == 0 && r1 == 0 will not |
+| happen, even if CPU 1 is in an RCU extended quiescent state |
+| (idle or offline) and thus won't interact directly with the RCU |
+| core processing at all. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+This approach must be extended to include idle CPUs, which need
+RCU's grace-period memory ordering guarantee to extend to any
+RCU read-side critical sections preceding and following the current
+idle sojourn.
+This case is handled by calls to the strongly ordered
+``atomic_add_return()`` read-modify-write atomic operation that
+is invoked within ``ct_kernel_exit_state()`` at idle-entry
+time and within ``ct_kernel_enter_state()`` at idle-exit time.
+The grace-period kthread invokes first ``ct_rcu_watching_cpu_acquire()``
+(preceded by a full memory barrier) and ``rcu_watching_snap_stopped_since()``
+(both of which rely on acquire semantics) to detect idle CPUs.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| But what about CPUs that remain offline for the entire grace period? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Such CPUs will be offline at the beginning of the grace period, so |
+| the grace period won't expect quiescent states from them. Races |
+| between grace-period start and CPU-hotplug operations are mediated |
+| by the CPU's leaf ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->lock`` as described |
+| above. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+The approach must be extended to handle one final case, that of waking a
+task blocked in ``synchronize_rcu()``. This task might be affined to
+a CPU that is not yet aware that the grace period has ended, and thus
+might not yet be subject to the grace period's memory ordering.
+Therefore, there is an ``smp_mb()`` after the return from
+``wait_for_completion()`` in the ``synchronize_rcu()`` code path.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| What? Where??? I don't see any ``smp_mb()`` after the return from |
+| ``wait_for_completion()``!!! |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| That would be because I spotted the need for that ``smp_mb()`` during |
+| the creation of this documentation, and it is therefore unlikely to |
+| hit mainline before v4.14. Kudos to Lance Roy, Will Deacon, Peter |
+| Zijlstra, and Jonathan Cameron for asking questions that sensitized |
+| me to the rather elaborate sequence of events that demonstrate the |
+| need for this memory barrier. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Tree RCU's grace--period memory-ordering guarantees rely most heavily on
+the ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->lock`` field, so much so that it is
+necessary to abbreviate this pattern in the diagrams in the next
+section. For example, consider the ``rcu_prepare_for_idle()`` function
+shown below, which is one of several functions that enforce ordering of
+newly arrived RCU callbacks against future grace periods:
+
+::
+
+ 1 static void rcu_prepare_for_idle(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 bool needwake;
+ 4 struct rcu_data *rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
+ 5 struct rcu_node *rnp;
+ 6 int tne;
+ 7
+ 8 lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
+ 9 if (rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp))
+ 10 return;
+ 11
+ 12 /* Handle nohz enablement switches conservatively. */
+ 13 tne = READ_ONCE(tick_nohz_active);
+ 14 if (tne != rdp->tick_nohz_enabled_snap) {
+ 15 if (!rcu_segcblist_empty(&rdp->cblist))
+ 16 invoke_rcu_core(); /* force nohz to see update. */
+ 17 rdp->tick_nohz_enabled_snap = tne;
+ 18 return;
+ 19 }
+ 20 if (!tne)
+ 21 return;
+ 22
+ 23 /*
+ 24 * If we have not yet accelerated this jiffy, accelerate all
+ 25 * callbacks on this CPU.
+ 26 */
+ 27 if (rdp->last_accelerate == jiffies)
+ 28 return;
+ 29 rdp->last_accelerate = jiffies;
+ 30 if (rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist)) {
+ 31 rnp = rdp->mynode;
+ 32 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs already disabled. */
+ 33 needwake = rcu_accelerate_cbs(rnp, rdp);
+ 34 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs remain disabled. */
+ 35 if (needwake)
+ 36 rcu_gp_kthread_wake();
+ 37 }
+ 38 }
+
+But the only part of ``rcu_prepare_for_idle()`` that really matters for
+this discussion are lines 32–34. We will therefore abbreviate this
+function as follows:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: rcu_node-lock.svg
+
+The box represents the ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->lock`` critical
+section, with the double line on top representing the additional
+``smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()``.
+
+Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Tree RCU's grace-period memory-ordering guarantee is provided by a
+number of RCU components:
+
+#. `Callback Registry`_
+#. `Grace-Period Initialization`_
+#. `Self-Reported Quiescent States`_
+#. `Dynamic Tick Interface`_
+#. `CPU-Hotplug Interface`_
+#. `Forcing Quiescent States`_
+#. `Grace-Period Cleanup`_
+#. `Callback Invocation`_
+
+Each of the following section looks at the corresponding component in
+detail.
+
+Callback Registry
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If RCU's grace-period guarantee is to mean anything at all, any access
+that happens before a given invocation of ``call_rcu()`` must also
+happen before the corresponding grace period. The implementation of this
+portion of RCU's grace period guarantee is shown in the following
+figure:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg
+
+Because ``call_rcu()`` normally acts only on CPU-local state, it
+provides no ordering guarantees, either for itself or for phase one of
+the update (which again will usually be removal of an element from an
+RCU-protected data structure). It simply enqueues the ``rcu_head``
+structure on a per-CPU list, which cannot become associated with a grace
+period until a later call to ``rcu_accelerate_cbs()``, as shown in the
+diagram above.
+
+One set of code paths shown on the left invokes ``rcu_accelerate_cbs()``
+via ``note_gp_changes()``, either directly from ``call_rcu()`` (if the
+current CPU is inundated with queued ``rcu_head`` structures) or more
+likely from an ``RCU_SOFTIRQ`` handler. Another code path in the middle
+is taken only in kernels built with ``CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y``, which
+invokes ``rcu_accelerate_cbs()`` via ``rcu_prepare_for_idle()``. The
+final code path on the right is taken only in kernels built with
+``CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y``, which invokes ``rcu_accelerate_cbs()`` via
+``rcu_advance_cbs()``, ``rcu_migrate_callbacks``,
+``rcutree_migrate_callbacks()``, and ``takedown_cpu()``, which in turn
+is invoked on a surviving CPU after the outgoing CPU has been completely
+offlined.
+
+There are a few other code paths within grace-period processing that
+opportunistically invoke ``rcu_accelerate_cbs()``. However, either way,
+all of the CPU's recently queued ``rcu_head`` structures are associated
+with a future grace-period number under the protection of the CPU's lead
+``rcu_node`` structure's ``->lock``. In all cases, there is full
+ordering against any prior critical section for that same ``rcu_node``
+structure's ``->lock``, and also full ordering against any of the
+current task's or CPU's prior critical sections for any ``rcu_node``
+structure's ``->lock``.
+
+The next section will show how this ordering ensures that any accesses
+prior to the ``call_rcu()`` (particularly including phase one of the
+update) happen before the start of the corresponding grace period.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| But what about ``synchronize_rcu()``? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| The ``synchronize_rcu()`` passes ``call_rcu()`` to ``wait_rcu_gp()``, |
+| which invokes it. So either way, it eventually comes down to |
+| ``call_rcu()``. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Grace-Period Initialization
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Grace-period initialization is carried out by the grace-period kernel
+thread, which makes several passes over the ``rcu_node`` tree within the
+``rcu_gp_init()`` function. This means that showing the full flow of
+ordering through the grace-period computation will require duplicating
+this tree. If you find this confusing, please note that the state of the
+``rcu_node`` changes over time, just like Heraclitus's river. However,
+to keep the ``rcu_node`` river tractable, the grace-period kernel
+thread's traversals are presented in multiple parts, starting in this
+section with the various phases of grace-period initialization.
+
+The first ordering-related grace-period initialization action is to
+advance the ``rcu_state`` structure's ``->gp_seq`` grace-period-number
+counter, as shown below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg
+
+The actual increment is carried out using ``smp_store_release()``, which
+helps reject false-positive RCU CPU stall detection. Note that only the
+root ``rcu_node`` structure is touched.
+
+The first pass through the ``rcu_node`` tree updates bitmasks based on
+CPUs having come online or gone offline since the start of the previous
+grace period. In the common case where the number of online CPUs for
+this ``rcu_node`` structure has not transitioned to or from zero, this
+pass will scan only the leaf ``rcu_node`` structures. However, if the
+number of online CPUs for a given leaf ``rcu_node`` structure has
+transitioned from zero, ``rcu_init_new_rnp()`` will be invoked for the
+first incoming CPU. Similarly, if the number of online CPUs for a given
+leaf ``rcu_node`` structure has transitioned to zero,
+``rcu_cleanup_dead_rnp()`` will be invoked for the last outgoing CPU.
+The diagram below shows the path of ordering if the leftmost
+``rcu_node`` structure onlines its first CPU and if the next
+``rcu_node`` structure has no online CPUs (or, alternatively if the
+leftmost ``rcu_node`` structure offlines its last CPU and if the next
+``rcu_node`` structure has no online CPUs).
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-gp-init-2.svg
+
+The final ``rcu_gp_init()`` pass through the ``rcu_node`` tree traverses
+breadth-first, setting each ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->gp_seq`` field
+to the newly advanced value from the ``rcu_state`` structure, as shown
+in the following diagram.
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-gp-init-3.svg
+
+This change will also cause each CPU's next call to
+``__note_gp_changes()`` to notice that a new grace period has started,
+as described in the next section. But because the grace-period kthread
+started the grace period at the root (with the advancing of the
+``rcu_state`` structure's ``->gp_seq`` field) before setting each leaf
+``rcu_node`` structure's ``->gp_seq`` field, each CPU's observation of
+the start of the grace period will happen after the actual start of the
+grace period.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| But what about the CPU that started the grace period? Why wouldn't it |
+| see the start of the grace period right when it started that grace |
+| period? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| In some deep philosophical and overly anthromorphized sense, yes, the |
+| CPU starting the grace period is immediately aware of having done so. |
+| However, if we instead assume that RCU is not self-aware, then even |
+| the CPU starting the grace period does not really become aware of the |
+| start of this grace period until its first call to |
+| ``__note_gp_changes()``. On the other hand, this CPU potentially gets |
+| early notification because it invokes ``__note_gp_changes()`` during |
+| its last ``rcu_gp_init()`` pass through its leaf ``rcu_node`` |
+| structure. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Self-Reported Quiescent States
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+When all entities that might block the grace period have reported
+quiescent states (or as described in a later section, had quiescent
+states reported on their behalf), the grace period can end. Online
+non-idle CPUs report their own quiescent states, as shown in the
+following diagram:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-qs.svg
+
+This is for the last CPU to report a quiescent state, which signals the
+end of the grace period. Earlier quiescent states would push up the
+``rcu_node`` tree only until they encountered an ``rcu_node`` structure
+that is waiting for additional quiescent states. However, ordering is
+nevertheless preserved because some later quiescent state will acquire
+that ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->lock``.
+
+Any number of events can lead up to a CPU invoking ``note_gp_changes``
+(or alternatively, directly invoking ``__note_gp_changes()``), at which
+point that CPU will notice the start of a new grace period while holding
+its leaf ``rcu_node`` lock. Therefore, all execution shown in this
+diagram happens after the start of the grace period. In addition, this
+CPU will consider any RCU read-side critical section that started before
+the invocation of ``__note_gp_changes()`` to have started before the
+grace period, and thus a critical section that the grace period must
+wait on.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| But a RCU read-side critical section might have started after the |
+| beginning of the grace period (the advancing of ``->gp_seq`` from |
+| earlier), so why should the grace period wait on such a critical |
+| section? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| It is indeed not necessary for the grace period to wait on such a |
+| critical section. However, it is permissible to wait on it. And it is |
+| furthermore important to wait on it, as this lazy approach is far |
+| more scalable than a “big bang†all-at-once grace-period start could |
+| possibly be. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+If the CPU does a context switch, a quiescent state will be noted by
+``rcu_note_context_switch()`` on the left. On the other hand, if the CPU
+takes a scheduler-clock interrupt while executing in usermode, a
+quiescent state will be noted by ``rcu_sched_clock_irq()`` on the right.
+Either way, the passage through a quiescent state will be noted in a
+per-CPU variable.
+
+The next time an ``RCU_SOFTIRQ`` handler executes on this CPU (for
+example, after the next scheduler-clock interrupt), ``rcu_core()`` will
+invoke ``rcu_check_quiescent_state()``, which will notice the recorded
+quiescent state, and invoke ``rcu_report_qs_rdp()``. If
+``rcu_report_qs_rdp()`` verifies that the quiescent state really does
+apply to the current grace period, it invokes ``rcu_report_rnp()`` which
+traverses up the ``rcu_node`` tree as shown at the bottom of the
+diagram, clearing bits from each ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->qsmask``
+field, and propagating up the tree when the result is zero.
+
+Note that traversal passes upwards out of a given ``rcu_node`` structure
+only if the current CPU is reporting the last quiescent state for the
+subtree headed by that ``rcu_node`` structure. A key point is that if a
+CPU's traversal stops at a given ``rcu_node`` structure, then there will
+be a later traversal by another CPU (or perhaps the same one) that
+proceeds upwards from that point, and the ``rcu_node`` ``->lock``
+guarantees that the first CPU's quiescent state happens before the
+remainder of the second CPU's traversal. Applying this line of thought
+repeatedly shows that all CPUs' quiescent states happen before the last
+CPU traverses through the root ``rcu_node`` structure, the “last CPUâ€
+being the one that clears the last bit in the root ``rcu_node``
+structure's ``->qsmask`` field.
+
+Dynamic Tick Interface
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Due to energy-efficiency considerations, RCU is forbidden from
+disturbing idle CPUs. CPUs are therefore required to notify RCU when
+entering or leaving idle state, which they do via fully ordered
+value-returning atomic operations on a per-CPU variable. The ordering
+effects are as shown below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-dyntick.svg
+
+The RCU grace-period kernel thread samples the per-CPU idleness variable
+while holding the corresponding CPU's leaf ``rcu_node`` structure's
+``->lock``. This means that any RCU read-side critical sections that
+precede the idle period (the oval near the top of the diagram above)
+will happen before the end of the current grace period. Similarly, the
+beginning of the current grace period will happen before any RCU
+read-side critical sections that follow the idle period (the oval near
+the bottom of the diagram above).
+
+Plumbing this into the full grace-period execution is described
+`below <Forcing Quiescent States_>`__.
+
+CPU-Hotplug Interface
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+RCU is also forbidden from disturbing offline CPUs, which might well be
+powered off and removed from the system completely. CPUs are therefore
+required to notify RCU of their comings and goings as part of the
+corresponding CPU hotplug operations. The ordering effects are shown
+below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-hotplug.svg
+
+Because CPU hotplug operations are much less frequent than idle
+transitions, they are heavier weight, and thus acquire the CPU's leaf
+``rcu_node`` structure's ``->lock`` and update this structure's
+``->qsmaskinitnext``. The RCU grace-period kernel thread samples this
+mask to detect CPUs having gone offline since the beginning of this
+grace period.
+
+Plumbing this into the full grace-period execution is described
+`below <Forcing Quiescent States_>`__.
+
+Forcing Quiescent States
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+As noted above, idle and offline CPUs cannot report their own quiescent
+states, and therefore the grace-period kernel thread must do the
+reporting on their behalf. This process is called “forcing quiescent
+statesâ€, it is repeated every few jiffies, and its ordering effects are
+shown below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg
+
+Each pass of quiescent state forcing is guaranteed to traverse the leaf
+``rcu_node`` structures, and if there are no new quiescent states due to
+recently idled and/or offlined CPUs, then only the leaves are traversed.
+However, if there is a newly offlined CPU as illustrated on the left or
+a newly idled CPU as illustrated on the right, the corresponding
+quiescent state will be driven up towards the root. As with
+self-reported quiescent states, the upwards driving stops once it
+reaches an ``rcu_node`` structure that has quiescent states outstanding
+from other CPUs.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| The leftmost drive to root stopped before it reached the root |
+| ``rcu_node`` structure, which means that there are still CPUs |
+| subordinate to that structure on which the current grace period is |
+| waiting. Given that, how is it possible that the rightmost drive to |
+| root ended the grace period? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Good analysis! It is in fact impossible in the absence of bugs in |
+| RCU. But this diagram is complex enough as it is, so simplicity |
+| overrode accuracy. You can think of it as poetic license, or you can |
+| think of it as misdirection that is resolved in the |
+| `stitched-together diagram <Putting It All Together_>`__. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Grace-Period Cleanup
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Grace-period cleanup first scans the ``rcu_node`` tree breadth-first
+advancing all the ``->gp_seq`` fields, then it advances the
+``rcu_state`` structure's ``->gp_seq`` field. The ordering effects are
+shown below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg
+
+As indicated by the oval at the bottom of the diagram, once grace-period
+cleanup is complete, the next grace period can begin.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| But when precisely does the grace period end? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| There is no useful single point at which the grace period can be said |
+| to end. The earliest reasonable candidate is as soon as the last CPU |
+| has reported its quiescent state, but it may be some milliseconds |
+| before RCU becomes aware of this. The latest reasonable candidate is |
+| once the ``rcu_state`` structure's ``->gp_seq`` field has been |
+| updated, but it is quite possible that some CPUs have already |
+| completed phase two of their updates by that time. In short, if you |
+| are going to work with RCU, you need to learn to embrace uncertainty. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Callback Invocation
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Once a given CPU's leaf ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->gp_seq`` field has
+been updated, that CPU can begin invoking its RCU callbacks that were
+waiting for this grace period to end. These callbacks are identified by
+``rcu_advance_cbs()``, which is usually invoked by
+``__note_gp_changes()``. As shown in the diagram below, this invocation
+can be triggered by the scheduling-clock interrupt
+(``rcu_sched_clock_irq()`` on the left) or by idle entry
+(``rcu_cleanup_after_idle()`` on the right, but only for kernels build
+with ``CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y``). Either way, ``RCU_SOFTIRQ`` is
+raised, which results in ``rcu_do_batch()`` invoking the callbacks,
+which in turn allows those callbacks to carry out (either directly or
+indirectly via wakeup) the needed phase-two processing for each update.
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg
+
+Please note that callback invocation can also be prompted by any number
+of corner-case code paths, for example, when a CPU notes that it has
+excessive numbers of callbacks queued. In all cases, the CPU acquires
+its leaf ``rcu_node`` structure's ``->lock`` before invoking callbacks,
+which preserves the required ordering against the newly completed grace
+period.
+
+However, if the callback function communicates to other CPUs, for
+example, doing a wakeup, then it is that function's responsibility to
+maintain ordering. For example, if the callback function wakes up a task
+that runs on some other CPU, proper ordering must in place in both the
+callback function and the task being awakened. To see why this is
+important, consider the top half of the `grace-period
+cleanup`_ diagram. The callback might be
+running on a CPU corresponding to the leftmost leaf ``rcu_node``
+structure, and awaken a task that is to run on a CPU corresponding to
+the rightmost leaf ``rcu_node`` structure, and the grace-period kernel
+thread might not yet have reached the rightmost leaf. In this case, the
+grace period's memory ordering might not yet have reached that CPU, so
+again the callback function and the awakened task must supply proper
+ordering.
+
+Putting It All Together
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A stitched-together diagram is here:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: TreeRCU-gp.svg
+
+Legal Statement
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This work represents the view of the author and does not necessarily
+represent the view of IBM.
+
+Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
+
+Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service
+marks of others.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3fcf0c17cef2
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diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f24b3c0b9b0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2865 @@
+=================================
+A Tour Through RCU's Requirements
+=================================
+
+Copyright IBM Corporation, 2015
+
+Author: Paul E. McKenney
+
+The initial version of this document appeared in the
+`LWN <https://lwn.net/>`_ on those articles:
+`part 1 <https://lwn.net/Articles/652156/>`_,
+`part 2 <https://lwn.net/Articles/652677/>`_, and
+`part 3 <https://lwn.net/Articles/653326/>`_.
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+Read-copy update (RCU) is a synchronization mechanism that is often used
+as a replacement for reader-writer locking. RCU is unusual in that
+updaters do not block readers, which means that RCU's read-side
+primitives can be exceedingly fast and scalable. In addition, updaters
+can make useful forward progress concurrently with readers. However, all
+this concurrency between RCU readers and updaters does raise the
+question of exactly what RCU readers are doing, which in turn raises the
+question of exactly what RCU's requirements are.
+
+This document therefore summarizes RCU's requirements, and can be
+thought of as an informal, high-level specification for RCU. It is
+important to understand that RCU's specification is primarily empirical
+in nature; in fact, I learned about many of these requirements the hard
+way. This situation might cause some consternation, however, not only
+has this learning process been a lot of fun, but it has also been a
+great privilege to work with so many people willing to apply
+technologies in interesting new ways.
+
+All that aside, here are the categories of currently known RCU
+requirements:
+
+#. `Fundamental Requirements`_
+#. `Fundamental Non-Requirements`_
+#. `Parallelism Facts of Life`_
+#. `Quality-of-Implementation Requirements`_
+#. `Linux Kernel Complications`_
+#. `Software-Engineering Requirements`_
+#. `Other RCU Flavors`_
+#. `Possible Future Changes`_
+
+This is followed by a summary_, however, the answers to
+each quick quiz immediately follows the quiz. Select the big white space
+with your mouse to see the answer.
+
+Fundamental Requirements
+------------------------
+
+RCU's fundamental requirements are the closest thing RCU has to hard
+mathematical requirements. These are:
+
+#. `Grace-Period Guarantee`_
+#. `Publish/Subscribe Guarantee`_
+#. `Memory-Barrier Guarantees`_
+#. `RCU Primitives Guaranteed to Execute Unconditionally`_
+#. `Guaranteed Read-to-Write Upgrade`_
+
+Grace-Period Guarantee
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+RCU's grace-period guarantee is unusual in being premeditated: Jack
+Slingwine and I had this guarantee firmly in mind when we started work
+on RCU (then called “rclockâ€) in the early 1990s. That said, the past
+two decades of experience with RCU have produced a much more detailed
+understanding of this guarantee.
+
+RCU's grace-period guarantee allows updaters to wait for the completion
+of all pre-existing RCU read-side critical sections. An RCU read-side
+critical section begins with the marker rcu_read_lock() and ends
+with the marker rcu_read_unlock(). These markers may be nested, and
+RCU treats a nested set as one big RCU read-side critical section.
+Production-quality implementations of rcu_read_lock() and
+rcu_read_unlock() are extremely lightweight, and in fact have
+exactly zero overhead in Linux kernels built for production use with
+``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n``.
+
+This guarantee allows ordering to be enforced with extremely low
+overhead to readers, for example:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 int x, y;
+ 2
+ 3 void thread0(void)
+ 4 {
+ 5 rcu_read_lock();
+ 6 r1 = READ_ONCE(x);
+ 7 r2 = READ_ONCE(y);
+ 8 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 9 }
+ 10
+ 11 void thread1(void)
+ 12 {
+ 13 WRITE_ONCE(x, 1);
+ 14 synchronize_rcu();
+ 15 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
+ 16 }
+
+Because the synchronize_rcu() on line 14 waits for all pre-existing
+readers, any instance of thread0() that loads a value of zero from
+``x`` must complete before thread1() stores to ``y``, so that
+instance must also load a value of zero from ``y``. Similarly, any
+instance of thread0() that loads a value of one from ``y`` must have
+started after the synchronize_rcu() started, and must therefore also
+load a value of one from ``x``. Therefore, the outcome:
+
+ ::
+
+ (r1 == 0 && r2 == 1)
+
+cannot happen.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Wait a minute! You said that updaters can make useful forward |
+| progress concurrently with readers, but pre-existing readers will |
+| block synchronize_rcu()!!! |
+| Just who are you trying to fool??? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| First, if updaters do not wish to be blocked by readers, they can use |
+| call_rcu() or kfree_rcu(), which will be discussed later. |
+| Second, even when using synchronize_rcu(), the other update-side |
+| code does run concurrently with readers, whether pre-existing or not. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+This scenario resembles one of the first uses of RCU in
+`DYNIX/ptx <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DYNIX>`__, which managed a
+distributed lock manager's transition into a state suitable for handling
+recovery from node failure, more or less as follows:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 #define STATE_NORMAL 0
+ 2 #define STATE_WANT_RECOVERY 1
+ 3 #define STATE_RECOVERING 2
+ 4 #define STATE_WANT_NORMAL 3
+ 5
+ 6 int state = STATE_NORMAL;
+ 7
+ 8 void do_something_dlm(void)
+ 9 {
+ 10 int state_snap;
+ 11
+ 12 rcu_read_lock();
+ 13 state_snap = READ_ONCE(state);
+ 14 if (state_snap == STATE_NORMAL)
+ 15 do_something();
+ 16 else
+ 17 do_something_carefully();
+ 18 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 19 }
+ 20
+ 21 void start_recovery(void)
+ 22 {
+ 23 WRITE_ONCE(state, STATE_WANT_RECOVERY);
+ 24 synchronize_rcu();
+ 25 WRITE_ONCE(state, STATE_RECOVERING);
+ 26 recovery();
+ 27 WRITE_ONCE(state, STATE_WANT_NORMAL);
+ 28 synchronize_rcu();
+ 29 WRITE_ONCE(state, STATE_NORMAL);
+ 30 }
+
+The RCU read-side critical section in do_something_dlm() works with
+the synchronize_rcu() in start_recovery() to guarantee that
+do_something() never runs concurrently with recovery(), but with
+little or no synchronization overhead in do_something_dlm().
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Why is the synchronize_rcu() on line 28 needed? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Without that extra grace period, memory reordering could result in |
+| do_something_dlm() executing do_something() concurrently with |
+| the last bits of recovery(). |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+In order to avoid fatal problems such as deadlocks, an RCU read-side
+critical section must not contain calls to synchronize_rcu().
+Similarly, an RCU read-side critical section must not contain anything
+that waits, directly or indirectly, on completion of an invocation of
+synchronize_rcu().
+
+Although RCU's grace-period guarantee is useful in and of itself, with
+`quite a few use cases <https://lwn.net/Articles/573497/>`__, it would
+be good to be able to use RCU to coordinate read-side access to linked
+data structures. For this, the grace-period guarantee is not sufficient,
+as can be seen in function add_gp_buggy() below. We will look at the
+reader's code later, but in the meantime, just think of the reader as
+locklessly picking up the ``gp`` pointer, and, if the value loaded is
+non-\ ``NULL``, locklessly accessing the ``->a`` and ``->b`` fields.
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 bool add_gp_buggy(int a, int b)
+ 2 {
+ 3 p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);
+ 4 if (!p)
+ 5 return -ENOMEM;
+ 6 spin_lock(&gp_lock);
+ 7 if (rcu_access_pointer(gp)) {
+ 8 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 9 return false;
+ 10 }
+ 11 p->a = a;
+ 12 p->b = a;
+ 13 gp = p; /* ORDERING BUG */
+ 14 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 15 return true;
+ 16 }
+
+The problem is that both the compiler and weakly ordered CPUs are within
+their rights to reorder this code as follows:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 bool add_gp_buggy_optimized(int a, int b)
+ 2 {
+ 3 p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);
+ 4 if (!p)
+ 5 return -ENOMEM;
+ 6 spin_lock(&gp_lock);
+ 7 if (rcu_access_pointer(gp)) {
+ 8 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 9 return false;
+ 10 }
+ 11 gp = p; /* ORDERING BUG */
+ 12 p->a = a;
+ 13 p->b = a;
+ 14 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 15 return true;
+ 16 }
+
+If an RCU reader fetches ``gp`` just after ``add_gp_buggy_optimized``
+executes line 11, it will see garbage in the ``->a`` and ``->b`` fields.
+And this is but one of many ways in which compiler and hardware
+optimizations could cause trouble. Therefore, we clearly need some way
+to prevent the compiler and the CPU from reordering in this manner,
+which brings us to the publish-subscribe guarantee discussed in the next
+section.
+
+Publish/Subscribe Guarantee
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+RCU's publish-subscribe guarantee allows data to be inserted into a
+linked data structure without disrupting RCU readers. The updater uses
+rcu_assign_pointer() to insert the new data, and readers use
+rcu_dereference() to access data, whether new or old. The following
+shows an example of insertion:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 bool add_gp(int a, int b)
+ 2 {
+ 3 p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);
+ 4 if (!p)
+ 5 return -ENOMEM;
+ 6 spin_lock(&gp_lock);
+ 7 if (rcu_access_pointer(gp)) {
+ 8 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 9 return false;
+ 10 }
+ 11 p->a = a;
+ 12 p->b = a;
+ 13 rcu_assign_pointer(gp, p);
+ 14 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 15 return true;
+ 16 }
+
+The rcu_assign_pointer() on line 13 is conceptually equivalent to a
+simple assignment statement, but also guarantees that its assignment
+will happen after the two assignments in lines 11 and 12, similar to the
+C11 ``memory_order_release`` store operation. It also prevents any
+number of “interesting†compiler optimizations, for example, the use of
+``gp`` as a scratch location immediately preceding the assignment.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| But rcu_assign_pointer() does nothing to prevent the two |
+| assignments to ``p->a`` and ``p->b`` from being reordered. Can't that |
+| also cause problems? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| No, it cannot. The readers cannot see either of these two fields |
+| until the assignment to ``gp``, by which time both fields are fully |
+| initialized. So reordering the assignments to ``p->a`` and ``p->b`` |
+| cannot possibly cause any problems. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+It is tempting to assume that the reader need not do anything special to
+control its accesses to the RCU-protected data, as shown in
+do_something_gp_buggy() below:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 bool do_something_gp_buggy(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 rcu_read_lock();
+ 4 p = gp; /* OPTIMIZATIONS GALORE!!! */
+ 5 if (p) {
+ 6 do_something(p->a, p->b);
+ 7 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 8 return true;
+ 9 }
+ 10 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 11 return false;
+ 12 }
+
+However, this temptation must be resisted because there are a
+surprisingly large number of ways that the compiler (or weak ordering
+CPUs like the DEC Alpha) can trip this code up. For but one example, if
+the compiler were short of registers, it might choose to refetch from
+``gp`` rather than keeping a separate copy in ``p`` as follows:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 bool do_something_gp_buggy_optimized(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 rcu_read_lock();
+ 4 if (gp) { /* OPTIMIZATIONS GALORE!!! */
+ 5 do_something(gp->a, gp->b);
+ 6 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 7 return true;
+ 8 }
+ 9 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 10 return false;
+ 11 }
+
+If this function ran concurrently with a series of updates that replaced
+the current structure with a new one, the fetches of ``gp->a`` and
+``gp->b`` might well come from two different structures, which could
+cause serious confusion. To prevent this (and much else besides),
+do_something_gp() uses rcu_dereference() to fetch from ``gp``:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 bool do_something_gp(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 rcu_read_lock();
+ 4 p = rcu_dereference(gp);
+ 5 if (p) {
+ 6 do_something(p->a, p->b);
+ 7 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 8 return true;
+ 9 }
+ 10 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 11 return false;
+ 12 }
+
+The rcu_dereference() uses volatile casts and (for DEC Alpha) memory
+barriers in the Linux kernel. Should a |high-quality implementation of
+C11 memory_order_consume [PDF]|_
+ever appear, then rcu_dereference() could be implemented as a
+``memory_order_consume`` load. Regardless of the exact implementation, a
+pointer fetched by rcu_dereference() may not be used outside of the
+outermost RCU read-side critical section containing that
+rcu_dereference(), unless protection of the corresponding data
+element has been passed from RCU to some other synchronization
+mechanism, most commonly locking or reference counting
+(see ../../rcuref.rst).
+
+.. |high-quality implementation of C11 memory_order_consume [PDF]| replace:: high-quality implementation of C11 ``memory_order_consume`` [PDF]
+.. _high-quality implementation of C11 memory_order_consume [PDF]: http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/consume.2015.07.13a.pdf
+
+In short, updaters use rcu_assign_pointer() and readers use
+rcu_dereference(), and these two RCU API elements work together to
+ensure that readers have a consistent view of newly added data elements.
+
+Of course, it is also necessary to remove elements from RCU-protected
+data structures, for example, using the following process:
+
+#. Remove the data element from the enclosing structure.
+#. Wait for all pre-existing RCU read-side critical sections to complete
+ (because only pre-existing readers can possibly have a reference to
+ the newly removed data element).
+#. At this point, only the updater has a reference to the newly removed
+ data element, so it can safely reclaim the data element, for example,
+ by passing it to kfree().
+
+This process is implemented by remove_gp_synchronous():
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 bool remove_gp_synchronous(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 struct foo *p;
+ 4
+ 5 spin_lock(&gp_lock);
+ 6 p = rcu_access_pointer(gp);
+ 7 if (!p) {
+ 8 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 9 return false;
+ 10 }
+ 11 rcu_assign_pointer(gp, NULL);
+ 12 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 13 synchronize_rcu();
+ 14 kfree(p);
+ 15 return true;
+ 16 }
+
+This function is straightforward, with line 13 waiting for a grace
+period before line 14 frees the old data element. This waiting ensures
+that readers will reach line 7 of do_something_gp() before the data
+element referenced by ``p`` is freed. The rcu_access_pointer() on
+line 6 is similar to rcu_dereference(), except that:
+
+#. The value returned by rcu_access_pointer() cannot be
+ dereferenced. If you want to access the value pointed to as well as
+ the pointer itself, use rcu_dereference() instead of
+ rcu_access_pointer().
+#. The call to rcu_access_pointer() need not be protected. In
+ contrast, rcu_dereference() must either be within an RCU
+ read-side critical section or in a code segment where the pointer
+ cannot change, for example, in code protected by the corresponding
+ update-side lock.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Without the rcu_dereference() or the rcu_access_pointer(), |
+| what destructive optimizations might the compiler make use of? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Let's start with what happens to do_something_gp() if it fails to |
+| use rcu_dereference(). It could reuse a value formerly fetched |
+| from this same pointer. It could also fetch the pointer from ``gp`` |
+| in a byte-at-a-time manner, resulting in *load tearing*, in turn |
+| resulting a bytewise mash-up of two distinct pointer values. It might |
+| even use value-speculation optimizations, where it makes a wrong |
+| guess, but by the time it gets around to checking the value, an |
+| update has changed the pointer to match the wrong guess. Too bad |
+| about any dereferences that returned pre-initialization garbage in |
+| the meantime! |
+| For remove_gp_synchronous(), as long as all modifications to |
+| ``gp`` are carried out while holding ``gp_lock``, the above |
+| optimizations are harmless. However, ``sparse`` will complain if you |
+| define ``gp`` with ``__rcu`` and then access it without using either |
+| rcu_access_pointer() or rcu_dereference(). |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+In short, RCU's publish-subscribe guarantee is provided by the
+combination of rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference(). This
+guarantee allows data elements to be safely added to RCU-protected
+linked data structures without disrupting RCU readers. This guarantee
+can be used in combination with the grace-period guarantee to also allow
+data elements to be removed from RCU-protected linked data structures,
+again without disrupting RCU readers.
+
+This guarantee was only partially premeditated. DYNIX/ptx used an
+explicit memory barrier for publication, but had nothing resembling
+rcu_dereference() for subscription, nor did it have anything
+resembling the dependency-ordering barrier that was later subsumed
+into rcu_dereference() and later still into READ_ONCE(). The
+need for these operations made itself known quite suddenly at a
+late-1990s meeting with the DEC Alpha architects, back in the days when
+DEC was still a free-standing company. It took the Alpha architects a
+good hour to convince me that any sort of barrier would ever be needed,
+and it then took me a good *two* hours to convince them that their
+documentation did not make this point clear. More recent work with the C
+and C++ standards committees have provided much education on tricks and
+traps from the compiler. In short, compilers were much less tricky in
+the early 1990s, but in 2015, don't even think about omitting
+rcu_dereference()!
+
+Memory-Barrier Guarantees
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The previous section's simple linked-data-structure scenario clearly
+demonstrates the need for RCU's stringent memory-ordering guarantees on
+systems with more than one CPU:
+
+#. Each CPU that has an RCU read-side critical section that begins
+ before synchronize_rcu() starts is guaranteed to execute a full
+ memory barrier between the time that the RCU read-side critical
+ section ends and the time that synchronize_rcu() returns. Without
+ this guarantee, a pre-existing RCU read-side critical section might
+ hold a reference to the newly removed ``struct foo`` after the
+ kfree() on line 14 of remove_gp_synchronous().
+#. Each CPU that has an RCU read-side critical section that ends after
+ synchronize_rcu() returns is guaranteed to execute a full memory
+ barrier between the time that synchronize_rcu() begins and the
+ time that the RCU read-side critical section begins. Without this
+ guarantee, a later RCU read-side critical section running after the
+ kfree() on line 14 of remove_gp_synchronous() might later run
+ do_something_gp() and find the newly deleted ``struct foo``.
+#. If the task invoking synchronize_rcu() remains on a given CPU,
+ then that CPU is guaranteed to execute a full memory barrier sometime
+ during the execution of synchronize_rcu(). This guarantee ensures
+ that the kfree() on line 14 of remove_gp_synchronous() really
+ does execute after the removal on line 11.
+#. If the task invoking synchronize_rcu() migrates among a group of
+ CPUs during that invocation, then each of the CPUs in that group is
+ guaranteed to execute a full memory barrier sometime during the
+ execution of synchronize_rcu(). This guarantee also ensures that
+ the kfree() on line 14 of remove_gp_synchronous() really does
+ execute after the removal on line 11, but also in the case where the
+ thread executing the synchronize_rcu() migrates in the meantime.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Given that multiple CPUs can start RCU read-side critical sections at |
+| any time without any ordering whatsoever, how can RCU possibly tell |
+| whether or not a given RCU read-side critical section starts before a |
+| given instance of synchronize_rcu()? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| If RCU cannot tell whether or not a given RCU read-side critical |
+| section starts before a given instance of synchronize_rcu(), then |
+| it must assume that the RCU read-side critical section started first. |
+| In other words, a given instance of synchronize_rcu() can avoid |
+| waiting on a given RCU read-side critical section only if it can |
+| prove that synchronize_rcu() started first. |
+| A related question is “When rcu_read_lock() doesn't generate any |
+| code, why does it matter how it relates to a grace period?†The |
+| answer is that it is not the relationship of rcu_read_lock() |
+| itself that is important, but rather the relationship of the code |
+| within the enclosed RCU read-side critical section to the code |
+| preceding and following the grace period. If we take this viewpoint, |
+| then a given RCU read-side critical section begins before a given |
+| grace period when some access preceding the grace period observes the |
+| effect of some access within the critical section, in which case none |
+| of the accesses within the critical section may observe the effects |
+| of any access following the grace period. |
+| |
+| As of late 2016, mathematical models of RCU take this viewpoint, for |
+| example, see slides 62 and 63 of the `2016 LinuxCon |
+| EU <http://www2.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/scalability/paper/LinuxMM.201 |
+| 6.10.04c.LCE.pdf>`__ |
+| presentation. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| The first and second guarantees require unbelievably strict ordering! |
+| Are all these memory barriers *really* required? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Yes, they really are required. To see why the first guarantee is |
+| required, consider the following sequence of events: |
+| |
+| #. CPU 1: rcu_read_lock() |
+| #. CPU 1: ``q = rcu_dereference(gp); /* Very likely to return p. */`` |
+| #. CPU 0: ``list_del_rcu(p);`` |
+| #. CPU 0: synchronize_rcu() starts. |
+| #. CPU 1: ``do_something_with(q->a);`` |
+| ``/* No smp_mb(), so might happen after kfree(). */`` |
+| #. CPU 1: rcu_read_unlock() |
+| #. CPU 0: synchronize_rcu() returns. |
+| #. CPU 0: ``kfree(p);`` |
+| |
+| Therefore, there absolutely must be a full memory barrier between the |
+| end of the RCU read-side critical section and the end of the grace |
+| period. |
+| |
+| The sequence of events demonstrating the necessity of the second rule |
+| is roughly similar: |
+| |
+| #. CPU 0: ``list_del_rcu(p);`` |
+| #. CPU 0: synchronize_rcu() starts. |
+| #. CPU 1: rcu_read_lock() |
+| #. CPU 1: ``q = rcu_dereference(gp);`` |
+| ``/* Might return p if no memory barrier. */`` |
+| #. CPU 0: synchronize_rcu() returns. |
+| #. CPU 0: ``kfree(p);`` |
+| #. CPU 1: ``do_something_with(q->a); /* Boom!!! */`` |
+| #. CPU 1: rcu_read_unlock() |
+| |
+| And similarly, without a memory barrier between the beginning of the |
+| grace period and the beginning of the RCU read-side critical section, |
+| CPU 1 might end up accessing the freelist. |
+| |
+| The “as if†rule of course applies, so that any implementation that |
+| acts as if the appropriate memory barriers were in place is a correct |
+| implementation. That said, it is much easier to fool yourself into |
+| believing that you have adhered to the as-if rule than it is to |
+| actually adhere to it! |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| You claim that rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() generate |
+| absolutely no code in some kernel builds. This means that the |
+| compiler might arbitrarily rearrange consecutive RCU read-side |
+| critical sections. Given such rearrangement, if a given RCU read-side |
+| critical section is done, how can you be sure that all prior RCU |
+| read-side critical sections are done? Won't the compiler |
+| rearrangements make that impossible to determine? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| In cases where rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() generate |
+| absolutely no code, RCU infers quiescent states only at special |
+| locations, for example, within the scheduler. Because calls to |
+| schedule() had better prevent calling-code accesses to shared |
+| variables from being rearranged across the call to schedule(), if |
+| RCU detects the end of a given RCU read-side critical section, it |
+| will necessarily detect the end of all prior RCU read-side critical |
+| sections, no matter how aggressively the compiler scrambles the code. |
+| Again, this all assumes that the compiler cannot scramble code across |
+| calls to the scheduler, out of interrupt handlers, into the idle |
+| loop, into user-mode code, and so on. But if your kernel build allows |
+| that sort of scrambling, you have broken far more than just RCU! |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Note that these memory-barrier requirements do not replace the
+fundamental RCU requirement that a grace period wait for all
+pre-existing readers. On the contrary, the memory barriers called out in
+this section must operate in such a way as to *enforce* this fundamental
+requirement. Of course, different implementations enforce this
+requirement in different ways, but enforce it they must.
+
+RCU Primitives Guaranteed to Execute Unconditionally
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The common-case RCU primitives are unconditional. They are invoked, they
+do their job, and they return, with no possibility of error, and no need
+to retry. This is a key RCU design philosophy.
+
+However, this philosophy is pragmatic rather than pigheaded. If someone
+comes up with a good justification for a particular conditional RCU
+primitive, it might well be implemented and added. After all, this
+guarantee was reverse-engineered, not premeditated. The unconditional
+nature of the RCU primitives was initially an accident of
+implementation, and later experience with synchronization primitives
+with conditional primitives caused me to elevate this accident to a
+guarantee. Therefore, the justification for adding a conditional
+primitive to RCU would need to be based on detailed and compelling use
+cases.
+
+Guaranteed Read-to-Write Upgrade
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As far as RCU is concerned, it is always possible to carry out an update
+within an RCU read-side critical section. For example, that RCU
+read-side critical section might search for a given data element, and
+then might acquire the update-side spinlock in order to update that
+element, all while remaining in that RCU read-side critical section. Of
+course, it is necessary to exit the RCU read-side critical section
+before invoking synchronize_rcu(), however, this inconvenience can
+be avoided through use of the call_rcu() and kfree_rcu() API
+members described later in this document.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| But how does the upgrade-to-write operation exclude other readers? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| It doesn't, just like normal RCU updates, which also do not exclude |
+| RCU readers. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+This guarantee allows lookup code to be shared between read-side and
+update-side code, and was premeditated, appearing in the earliest
+DYNIX/ptx RCU documentation.
+
+Fundamental Non-Requirements
+----------------------------
+
+RCU provides extremely lightweight readers, and its read-side
+guarantees, though quite useful, are correspondingly lightweight. It is
+therefore all too easy to assume that RCU is guaranteeing more than it
+really is. Of course, the list of things that RCU does not guarantee is
+infinitely long, however, the following sections list a few
+non-guarantees that have caused confusion. Except where otherwise noted,
+these non-guarantees were premeditated.
+
+#. `Readers Impose Minimal Ordering`_
+#. `Readers Do Not Exclude Updaters`_
+#. `Updaters Only Wait For Old Readers`_
+#. `Grace Periods Don't Partition Read-Side Critical Sections`_
+#. `Read-Side Critical Sections Don't Partition Grace Periods`_
+
+Readers Impose Minimal Ordering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Reader-side markers such as rcu_read_lock() and
+rcu_read_unlock() provide absolutely no ordering guarantees except
+through their interaction with the grace-period APIs such as
+synchronize_rcu(). To see this, consider the following pair of
+threads:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 void thread0(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 rcu_read_lock();
+ 4 WRITE_ONCE(x, 1);
+ 5 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 6 rcu_read_lock();
+ 7 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
+ 8 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 9 }
+ 10
+ 11 void thread1(void)
+ 12 {
+ 13 rcu_read_lock();
+ 14 r1 = READ_ONCE(y);
+ 15 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 16 rcu_read_lock();
+ 17 r2 = READ_ONCE(x);
+ 18 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 19 }
+
+After thread0() and thread1() execute concurrently, it is quite
+possible to have
+
+ ::
+
+ (r1 == 1 && r2 == 0)
+
+(that is, ``y`` appears to have been assigned before ``x``), which would
+not be possible if rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() had
+much in the way of ordering properties. But they do not, so the CPU is
+within its rights to do significant reordering. This is by design: Any
+significant ordering constraints would slow down these fast-path APIs.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Can't the compiler also reorder this code? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| No, the volatile casts in READ_ONCE() and WRITE_ONCE() |
+| prevent the compiler from reordering in this particular case. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Readers Do Not Exclude Updaters
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Neither rcu_read_lock() nor rcu_read_unlock() exclude updates.
+All they do is to prevent grace periods from ending. The following
+example illustrates this:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 void thread0(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 rcu_read_lock();
+ 4 r1 = READ_ONCE(y);
+ 5 if (r1) {
+ 6 do_something_with_nonzero_x();
+ 7 r2 = READ_ONCE(x);
+ 8 WARN_ON(!r2); /* BUG!!! */
+ 9 }
+ 10 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 11 }
+ 12
+ 13 void thread1(void)
+ 14 {
+ 15 spin_lock(&my_lock);
+ 16 WRITE_ONCE(x, 1);
+ 17 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
+ 18 spin_unlock(&my_lock);
+ 19 }
+
+If the thread0() function's rcu_read_lock() excluded the
+thread1() function's update, the WARN_ON() could never fire. But
+the fact is that rcu_read_lock() does not exclude much of anything
+aside from subsequent grace periods, of which thread1() has none, so
+the WARN_ON() can and does fire.
+
+Updaters Only Wait For Old Readers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It might be tempting to assume that after synchronize_rcu()
+completes, there are no readers executing. This temptation must be
+avoided because new readers can start immediately after
+synchronize_rcu() starts, and synchronize_rcu() is under no
+obligation to wait for these new readers.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Suppose that synchronize_rcu() did wait until *all* readers had |
+| completed instead of waiting only on pre-existing readers. For how |
+| long would the updater be able to rely on there being no readers? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| For no time at all. Even if synchronize_rcu() were to wait until |
+| all readers had completed, a new reader might start immediately after |
+| synchronize_rcu() completed. Therefore, the code following |
+| synchronize_rcu() can *never* rely on there being no readers. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Grace Periods Don't Partition Read-Side Critical Sections
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It is tempting to assume that if any part of one RCU read-side critical
+section precedes a given grace period, and if any part of another RCU
+read-side critical section follows that same grace period, then all of
+the first RCU read-side critical section must precede all of the second.
+However, this just isn't the case: A single grace period does not
+partition the set of RCU read-side critical sections. An example of this
+situation can be illustrated as follows, where ``x``, ``y``, and ``z``
+are initially all zero:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 void thread0(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 rcu_read_lock();
+ 4 WRITE_ONCE(a, 1);
+ 5 WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
+ 6 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 7 }
+ 8
+ 9 void thread1(void)
+ 10 {
+ 11 r1 = READ_ONCE(a);
+ 12 synchronize_rcu();
+ 13 WRITE_ONCE(c, 1);
+ 14 }
+ 15
+ 16 void thread2(void)
+ 17 {
+ 18 rcu_read_lock();
+ 19 r2 = READ_ONCE(b);
+ 20 r3 = READ_ONCE(c);
+ 21 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 22 }
+
+It turns out that the outcome:
+
+ ::
+
+ (r1 == 1 && r2 == 0 && r3 == 1)
+
+is entirely possible. The following figure show how this can happen,
+with each circled ``QS`` indicating the point at which RCU recorded a
+*quiescent state* for each thread, that is, a state in which RCU knows
+that the thread cannot be in the midst of an RCU read-side critical
+section that started before the current grace period:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: GPpartitionReaders1.svg
+
+If it is necessary to partition RCU read-side critical sections in this
+manner, it is necessary to use two grace periods, where the first grace
+period is known to end before the second grace period starts:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 void thread0(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 rcu_read_lock();
+ 4 WRITE_ONCE(a, 1);
+ 5 WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
+ 6 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 7 }
+ 8
+ 9 void thread1(void)
+ 10 {
+ 11 r1 = READ_ONCE(a);
+ 12 synchronize_rcu();
+ 13 WRITE_ONCE(c, 1);
+ 14 }
+ 15
+ 16 void thread2(void)
+ 17 {
+ 18 r2 = READ_ONCE(c);
+ 19 synchronize_rcu();
+ 20 WRITE_ONCE(d, 1);
+ 21 }
+ 22
+ 23 void thread3(void)
+ 24 {
+ 25 rcu_read_lock();
+ 26 r3 = READ_ONCE(b);
+ 27 r4 = READ_ONCE(d);
+ 28 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 29 }
+
+Here, if ``(r1 == 1)``, then thread0()'s write to ``b`` must happen
+before the end of thread1()'s grace period. If in addition
+``(r4 == 1)``, then thread3()'s read from ``b`` must happen after
+the beginning of thread2()'s grace period. If it is also the case
+that ``(r2 == 1)``, then the end of thread1()'s grace period must
+precede the beginning of thread2()'s grace period. This mean that
+the two RCU read-side critical sections cannot overlap, guaranteeing
+that ``(r3 == 1)``. As a result, the outcome:
+
+ ::
+
+ (r1 == 1 && r2 == 1 && r3 == 0 && r4 == 1)
+
+cannot happen.
+
+This non-requirement was also non-premeditated, but became apparent when
+studying RCU's interaction with memory ordering.
+
+Read-Side Critical Sections Don't Partition Grace Periods
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It is also tempting to assume that if an RCU read-side critical section
+happens between a pair of grace periods, then those grace periods cannot
+overlap. However, this temptation leads nowhere good, as can be
+illustrated by the following, with all variables initially zero:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 void thread0(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 rcu_read_lock();
+ 4 WRITE_ONCE(a, 1);
+ 5 WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
+ 6 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 7 }
+ 8
+ 9 void thread1(void)
+ 10 {
+ 11 r1 = READ_ONCE(a);
+ 12 synchronize_rcu();
+ 13 WRITE_ONCE(c, 1);
+ 14 }
+ 15
+ 16 void thread2(void)
+ 17 {
+ 18 rcu_read_lock();
+ 19 WRITE_ONCE(d, 1);
+ 20 r2 = READ_ONCE(c);
+ 21 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 22 }
+ 23
+ 24 void thread3(void)
+ 25 {
+ 26 r3 = READ_ONCE(d);
+ 27 synchronize_rcu();
+ 28 WRITE_ONCE(e, 1);
+ 29 }
+ 30
+ 31 void thread4(void)
+ 32 {
+ 33 rcu_read_lock();
+ 34 r4 = READ_ONCE(b);
+ 35 r5 = READ_ONCE(e);
+ 36 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 37 }
+
+In this case, the outcome:
+
+ ::
+
+ (r1 == 1 && r2 == 1 && r3 == 1 && r4 == 0 && r5 == 1)
+
+is entirely possible, as illustrated below:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: ReadersPartitionGP1.svg
+
+Again, an RCU read-side critical section can overlap almost all of a
+given grace period, just so long as it does not overlap the entire grace
+period. As a result, an RCU read-side critical section cannot partition
+a pair of RCU grace periods.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| How long a sequence of grace periods, each separated by an RCU |
+| read-side critical section, would be required to partition the RCU |
+| read-side critical sections at the beginning and end of the chain? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| In theory, an infinite number. In practice, an unknown number that is |
+| sensitive to both implementation details and timing considerations. |
+| Therefore, even in practice, RCU users must abide by the theoretical |
+| rather than the practical answer. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Parallelism Facts of Life
+-------------------------
+
+These parallelism facts of life are by no means specific to RCU, but the
+RCU implementation must abide by them. They therefore bear repeating:
+
+#. Any CPU or task may be delayed at any time, and any attempts to avoid
+ these delays by disabling preemption, interrupts, or whatever are
+ completely futile. This is most obvious in preemptible user-level
+ environments and in virtualized environments (where a given guest
+ OS's VCPUs can be preempted at any time by the underlying
+ hypervisor), but can also happen in bare-metal environments due to
+ ECC errors, NMIs, and other hardware events. Although a delay of more
+ than about 20 seconds can result in splats, the RCU implementation is
+ obligated to use algorithms that can tolerate extremely long delays,
+ but where “extremely long†is not long enough to allow wrap-around
+ when incrementing a 64-bit counter.
+#. Both the compiler and the CPU can reorder memory accesses. Where it
+ matters, RCU must use compiler directives and memory-barrier
+ instructions to preserve ordering.
+#. Conflicting writes to memory locations in any given cache line will
+ result in expensive cache misses. Greater numbers of concurrent
+ writes and more-frequent concurrent writes will result in more
+ dramatic slowdowns. RCU is therefore obligated to use algorithms that
+ have sufficient locality to avoid significant performance and
+ scalability problems.
+#. As a rough rule of thumb, only one CPU's worth of processing may be
+ carried out under the protection of any given exclusive lock. RCU
+ must therefore use scalable locking designs.
+#. Counters are finite, especially on 32-bit systems. RCU's use of
+ counters must therefore tolerate counter wrap, or be designed such
+ that counter wrap would take way more time than a single system is
+ likely to run. An uptime of ten years is quite possible, a runtime of
+ a century much less so. As an example of the latter, RCU's
+ dyntick-idle nesting counter allows 54 bits for interrupt nesting
+ level (this counter is 64 bits even on a 32-bit system). Overflowing
+ this counter requires 2\ :sup:`54` half-interrupts on a given CPU
+ without that CPU ever going idle. If a half-interrupt happened every
+ microsecond, it would take 570 years of runtime to overflow this
+ counter, which is currently believed to be an acceptably long time.
+#. Linux systems can have thousands of CPUs running a single Linux
+ kernel in a single shared-memory environment. RCU must therefore pay
+ close attention to high-end scalability.
+
+This last parallelism fact of life means that RCU must pay special
+attention to the preceding facts of life. The idea that Linux might
+scale to systems with thousands of CPUs would have been met with some
+skepticism in the 1990s, but these requirements would have otherwise
+have been unsurprising, even in the early 1990s.
+
+Quality-of-Implementation Requirements
+--------------------------------------
+
+These sections list quality-of-implementation requirements. Although an
+RCU implementation that ignores these requirements could still be used,
+it would likely be subject to limitations that would make it
+inappropriate for industrial-strength production use. Classes of
+quality-of-implementation requirements are as follows:
+
+#. `Specialization`_
+#. `Performance and Scalability`_
+#. `Forward Progress`_
+#. `Composability`_
+#. `Corner Cases`_
+
+These classes is covered in the following sections.
+
+Specialization
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+RCU is and always has been intended primarily for read-mostly
+situations, which means that RCU's read-side primitives are optimized,
+often at the expense of its update-side primitives. Experience thus far
+is captured by the following list of situations:
+
+#. Read-mostly data, where stale and inconsistent data is not a problem:
+ RCU works great!
+#. Read-mostly data, where data must be consistent: RCU works well.
+#. Read-write data, where data must be consistent: RCU *might* work OK.
+ Or not.
+#. Write-mostly data, where data must be consistent: RCU is very
+ unlikely to be the right tool for the job, with the following
+ exceptions, where RCU can provide:
+
+ a. Existence guarantees for update-friendly mechanisms.
+ b. Wait-free read-side primitives for real-time use.
+
+This focus on read-mostly situations means that RCU must interoperate
+with other synchronization primitives. For example, the add_gp() and
+remove_gp_synchronous() examples discussed earlier use RCU to
+protect readers and locking to coordinate updaters. However, the need
+extends much farther, requiring that a variety of synchronization
+primitives be legal within RCU read-side critical sections, including
+spinlocks, sequence locks, atomic operations, reference counters, and
+memory barriers.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| What about sleeping locks? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| These are forbidden within Linux-kernel RCU read-side critical |
+| sections because it is not legal to place a quiescent state (in this |
+| case, voluntary context switch) within an RCU read-side critical |
+| section. However, sleeping locks may be used within userspace RCU |
+| read-side critical sections, and also within Linux-kernel sleepable |
+| RCU `(SRCU) <Sleepable RCU_>`__ read-side critical sections. In |
+| addition, the -rt patchset turns spinlocks into a sleeping locks so |
+| that the corresponding critical sections can be preempted, which also |
+| means that these sleeplockified spinlocks (but not other sleeping |
+| locks!) may be acquire within -rt-Linux-kernel RCU read-side critical |
+| sections. |
+| Note that it *is* legal for a normal RCU read-side critical section |
+| to conditionally acquire a sleeping locks (as in |
+| mutex_trylock()), but only as long as it does not loop |
+| indefinitely attempting to conditionally acquire that sleeping locks. |
+| The key point is that things like mutex_trylock() either return |
+| with the mutex held, or return an error indication if the mutex was |
+| not immediately available. Either way, mutex_trylock() returns |
+| immediately without sleeping. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+It often comes as a surprise that many algorithms do not require a
+consistent view of data, but many can function in that mode, with
+network routing being the poster child. Internet routing algorithms take
+significant time to propagate updates, so that by the time an update
+arrives at a given system, that system has been sending network traffic
+the wrong way for a considerable length of time. Having a few threads
+continue to send traffic the wrong way for a few more milliseconds is
+clearly not a problem: In the worst case, TCP retransmissions will
+eventually get the data where it needs to go. In general, when tracking
+the state of the universe outside of the computer, some level of
+inconsistency must be tolerated due to speed-of-light delays if nothing
+else.
+
+Furthermore, uncertainty about external state is inherent in many cases.
+For example, a pair of veterinarians might use heartbeat to determine
+whether or not a given cat was alive. But how long should they wait
+after the last heartbeat to decide that the cat is in fact dead? Waiting
+less than 400 milliseconds makes no sense because this would mean that a
+relaxed cat would be considered to cycle between death and life more
+than 100 times per minute. Moreover, just as with human beings, a cat's
+heart might stop for some period of time, so the exact wait period is a
+judgment call. One of our pair of veterinarians might wait 30 seconds
+before pronouncing the cat dead, while the other might insist on waiting
+a full minute. The two veterinarians would then disagree on the state of
+the cat during the final 30 seconds of the minute following the last
+heartbeat.
+
+Interestingly enough, this same situation applies to hardware. When push
+comes to shove, how do we tell whether or not some external server has
+failed? We send messages to it periodically, and declare it failed if we
+don't receive a response within a given period of time. Policy decisions
+can usually tolerate short periods of inconsistency. The policy was
+decided some time ago, and is only now being put into effect, so a few
+milliseconds of delay is normally inconsequential.
+
+However, there are algorithms that absolutely must see consistent data.
+For example, the translation between a user-level SystemV semaphore ID
+to the corresponding in-kernel data structure is protected by RCU, but
+it is absolutely forbidden to update a semaphore that has just been
+removed. In the Linux kernel, this need for consistency is accommodated
+by acquiring spinlocks located in the in-kernel data structure from
+within the RCU read-side critical section, and this is indicated by the
+green box in the figure above. Many other techniques may be used, and
+are in fact used within the Linux kernel.
+
+In short, RCU is not required to maintain consistency, and other
+mechanisms may be used in concert with RCU when consistency is required.
+RCU's specialization allows it to do its job extremely well, and its
+ability to interoperate with other synchronization mechanisms allows the
+right mix of synchronization tools to be used for a given job.
+
+Performance and Scalability
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Energy efficiency is a critical component of performance today, and
+Linux-kernel RCU implementations must therefore avoid unnecessarily
+awakening idle CPUs. I cannot claim that this requirement was
+premeditated. In fact, I learned of it during a telephone conversation
+in which I was given “frank and open†feedback on the importance of
+energy efficiency in battery-powered systems and on specific
+energy-efficiency shortcomings of the Linux-kernel RCU implementation.
+In my experience, the battery-powered embedded community will consider
+any unnecessary wakeups to be extremely unfriendly acts. So much so that
+mere Linux-kernel-mailing-list posts are insufficient to vent their ire.
+
+Memory consumption is not particularly important for in most situations,
+and has become decreasingly so as memory sizes have expanded and memory
+costs have plummeted. However, as I learned from Matt Mackall's
+`bloatwatch <http://elinux.org/Linux_Tiny-FAQ>`__ efforts, memory
+footprint is critically important on single-CPU systems with
+non-preemptible (``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n``) kernels, and thus `tiny
+RCU <https://lore.kernel.org/r/20090113221724.GA15307@linux.vnet.ibm.com>`__
+was born. Josh Triplett has since taken over the small-memory banner
+with his `Linux kernel tinification <https://tiny.wiki.kernel.org/>`__
+project, which resulted in `SRCU <Sleepable RCU_>`__ becoming optional
+for those kernels not needing it.
+
+The remaining performance requirements are, for the most part,
+unsurprising. For example, in keeping with RCU's read-side
+specialization, rcu_dereference() should have negligible overhead
+(for example, suppression of a few minor compiler optimizations).
+Similarly, in non-preemptible environments, rcu_read_lock() and
+rcu_read_unlock() should have exactly zero overhead.
+
+In preemptible environments, in the case where the RCU read-side
+critical section was not preempted (as will be the case for the
+highest-priority real-time process), rcu_read_lock() and
+rcu_read_unlock() should have minimal overhead. In particular, they
+should not contain atomic read-modify-write operations, memory-barrier
+instructions, preemption disabling, interrupt disabling, or backwards
+branches. However, in the case where the RCU read-side critical section
+was preempted, rcu_read_unlock() may acquire spinlocks and disable
+interrupts. This is why it is better to nest an RCU read-side critical
+section within a preempt-disable region than vice versa, at least in
+cases where that critical section is short enough to avoid unduly
+degrading real-time latencies.
+
+The synchronize_rcu() grace-period-wait primitive is optimized for
+throughput. It may therefore incur several milliseconds of latency in
+addition to the duration of the longest RCU read-side critical section.
+On the other hand, multiple concurrent invocations of
+synchronize_rcu() are required to use batching optimizations so that
+they can be satisfied by a single underlying grace-period-wait
+operation. For example, in the Linux kernel, it is not unusual for a
+single grace-period-wait operation to serve more than `1,000 separate
+invocations <https://www.usenix.org/conference/2004-usenix-annual-technical-conference/making-rcu-safe-deep-sub-millisecond-response>`__
+of synchronize_rcu(), thus amortizing the per-invocation overhead
+down to nearly zero. However, the grace-period optimization is also
+required to avoid measurable degradation of real-time scheduling and
+interrupt latencies.
+
+In some cases, the multi-millisecond synchronize_rcu() latencies are
+unacceptable. In these cases, synchronize_rcu_expedited() may be
+used instead, reducing the grace-period latency down to a few tens of
+microseconds on small systems, at least in cases where the RCU read-side
+critical sections are short. There are currently no special latency
+requirements for synchronize_rcu_expedited() on large systems, but,
+consistent with the empirical nature of the RCU specification, that is
+subject to change. However, there most definitely are scalability
+requirements: A storm of synchronize_rcu_expedited() invocations on
+4096 CPUs should at least make reasonable forward progress. In return
+for its shorter latencies, synchronize_rcu_expedited() is permitted
+to impose modest degradation of real-time latency on non-idle online
+CPUs. Here, “modest†means roughly the same latency degradation as a
+scheduling-clock interrupt.
+
+There are a number of situations where even
+synchronize_rcu_expedited()'s reduced grace-period latency is
+unacceptable. In these situations, the asynchronous call_rcu() can
+be used in place of synchronize_rcu() as follows:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 struct foo {
+ 2 int a;
+ 3 int b;
+ 4 struct rcu_head rh;
+ 5 };
+ 6
+ 7 static void remove_gp_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
+ 8 {
+ 9 struct foo *p = container_of(rhp, struct foo, rh);
+ 10
+ 11 kfree(p);
+ 12 }
+ 13
+ 14 bool remove_gp_asynchronous(void)
+ 15 {
+ 16 struct foo *p;
+ 17
+ 18 spin_lock(&gp_lock);
+ 19 p = rcu_access_pointer(gp);
+ 20 if (!p) {
+ 21 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 22 return false;
+ 23 }
+ 24 rcu_assign_pointer(gp, NULL);
+ 25 call_rcu(&p->rh, remove_gp_cb);
+ 26 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 27 return true;
+ 28 }
+
+A definition of ``struct foo`` is finally needed, and appears on
+lines 1-5. The function remove_gp_cb() is passed to call_rcu()
+on line 25, and will be invoked after the end of a subsequent grace
+period. This gets the same effect as remove_gp_synchronous(), but
+without forcing the updater to wait for a grace period to elapse. The
+call_rcu() function may be used in a number of situations where
+neither synchronize_rcu() nor synchronize_rcu_expedited() would
+be legal, including within preempt-disable code, local_bh_disable()
+code, interrupt-disable code, and interrupt handlers. However, even
+call_rcu() is illegal within NMI handlers and from idle and offline
+CPUs. The callback function (remove_gp_cb() in this case) will be
+executed within softirq (software interrupt) environment within the
+Linux kernel, either within a real softirq handler or under the
+protection of local_bh_disable(). In both the Linux kernel and in
+userspace, it is bad practice to write an RCU callback function that
+takes too long. Long-running operations should be relegated to separate
+threads or (in the Linux kernel) workqueues.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Why does line 19 use rcu_access_pointer()? After all, |
+| call_rcu() on line 25 stores into the structure, which would |
+| interact badly with concurrent insertions. Doesn't this mean that |
+| rcu_dereference() is required? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Presumably the ``->gp_lock`` acquired on line 18 excludes any |
+| changes, including any insertions that rcu_dereference() would |
+| protect against. Therefore, any insertions will be delayed until |
+| after ``->gp_lock`` is released on line 25, which in turn means that |
+| rcu_access_pointer() suffices. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+However, all that remove_gp_cb() is doing is invoking kfree() on
+the data element. This is a common idiom, and is supported by
+kfree_rcu(), which allows “fire and forget†operation as shown
+below:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 struct foo {
+ 2 int a;
+ 3 int b;
+ 4 struct rcu_head rh;
+ 5 };
+ 6
+ 7 bool remove_gp_faf(void)
+ 8 {
+ 9 struct foo *p;
+ 10
+ 11 spin_lock(&gp_lock);
+ 12 p = rcu_dereference(gp);
+ 13 if (!p) {
+ 14 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 15 return false;
+ 16 }
+ 17 rcu_assign_pointer(gp, NULL);
+ 18 kfree_rcu(p, rh);
+ 19 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 20 return true;
+ 21 }
+
+Note that remove_gp_faf() simply invokes kfree_rcu() and
+proceeds, without any need to pay any further attention to the
+subsequent grace period and kfree(). It is permissible to invoke
+kfree_rcu() from the same environments as for call_rcu().
+Interestingly enough, DYNIX/ptx had the equivalents of call_rcu()
+and kfree_rcu(), but not synchronize_rcu(). This was due to the
+fact that RCU was not heavily used within DYNIX/ptx, so the very few
+places that needed something like synchronize_rcu() simply
+open-coded it.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Earlier it was claimed that call_rcu() and kfree_rcu() |
+| allowed updaters to avoid being blocked by readers. But how can that |
+| be correct, given that the invocation of the callback and the freeing |
+| of the memory (respectively) must still wait for a grace period to |
+| elapse? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| We could define things this way, but keep in mind that this sort of |
+| definition would say that updates in garbage-collected languages |
+| cannot complete until the next time the garbage collector runs, which |
+| does not seem at all reasonable. The key point is that in most cases, |
+| an updater using either call_rcu() or kfree_rcu() can proceed |
+| to the next update as soon as it has invoked call_rcu() or |
+| kfree_rcu(), without having to wait for a subsequent grace |
+| period. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+But what if the updater must wait for the completion of code to be
+executed after the end of the grace period, but has other tasks that can
+be carried out in the meantime? The polling-style
+get_state_synchronize_rcu() and cond_synchronize_rcu() functions
+may be used for this purpose, as shown below:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 bool remove_gp_poll(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 struct foo *p;
+ 4 unsigned long s;
+ 5
+ 6 spin_lock(&gp_lock);
+ 7 p = rcu_access_pointer(gp);
+ 8 if (!p) {
+ 9 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 10 return false;
+ 11 }
+ 12 rcu_assign_pointer(gp, NULL);
+ 13 spin_unlock(&gp_lock);
+ 14 s = get_state_synchronize_rcu();
+ 15 do_something_while_waiting();
+ 16 cond_synchronize_rcu(s);
+ 17 kfree(p);
+ 18 return true;
+ 19 }
+
+On line 14, get_state_synchronize_rcu() obtains a “cookie†from RCU,
+then line 15 carries out other tasks, and finally, line 16 returns
+immediately if a grace period has elapsed in the meantime, but otherwise
+waits as required. The need for ``get_state_synchronize_rcu`` and
+cond_synchronize_rcu() has appeared quite recently, so it is too
+early to tell whether they will stand the test of time.
+
+RCU thus provides a range of tools to allow updaters to strike the
+required tradeoff between latency, flexibility and CPU overhead.
+
+Forward Progress
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In theory, delaying grace-period completion and callback invocation is
+harmless. In practice, not only are memory sizes finite but also
+callbacks sometimes do wakeups, and sufficiently deferred wakeups can be
+difficult to distinguish from system hangs. Therefore, RCU must provide
+a number of mechanisms to promote forward progress.
+
+These mechanisms are not foolproof, nor can they be. For one simple
+example, an infinite loop in an RCU read-side critical section must by
+definition prevent later grace periods from ever completing. For a more
+involved example, consider a 64-CPU system built with
+``CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y`` and booted with ``rcu_nocbs=1-63``, where
+CPUs 1 through 63 spin in tight loops that invoke call_rcu(). Even
+if these tight loops also contain calls to cond_resched() (thus
+allowing grace periods to complete), CPU 0 simply will not be able to
+invoke callbacks as fast as the other 63 CPUs can register them, at
+least not until the system runs out of memory. In both of these
+examples, the Spiderman principle applies: With great power comes great
+responsibility. However, short of this level of abuse, RCU is required
+to ensure timely completion of grace periods and timely invocation of
+callbacks.
+
+RCU takes the following steps to encourage timely completion of grace
+periods:
+
+#. If a grace period fails to complete within 100 milliseconds, RCU
+ causes future invocations of cond_resched() on the holdout CPUs
+ to provide an RCU quiescent state. RCU also causes those CPUs'
+ need_resched() invocations to return ``true``, but only after the
+ corresponding CPU's next scheduling-clock.
+#. CPUs mentioned in the ``nohz_full`` kernel boot parameter can run
+ indefinitely in the kernel without scheduling-clock interrupts, which
+ defeats the above need_resched() strategem. RCU will therefore
+ invoke resched_cpu() on any ``nohz_full`` CPUs still holding out
+ after 109 milliseconds.
+#. In kernels built with ``CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y``, if a given task that
+ has been preempted within an RCU read-side critical section is
+ holding out for more than 500 milliseconds, RCU will resort to
+ priority boosting.
+#. If a CPU is still holding out 10 seconds into the grace period, RCU
+ will invoke resched_cpu() on it regardless of its ``nohz_full``
+ state.
+
+The above values are defaults for systems running with ``HZ=1000``. They
+will vary as the value of ``HZ`` varies, and can also be changed using
+the relevant Kconfig options and kernel boot parameters. RCU currently
+does not do much sanity checking of these parameters, so please use
+caution when changing them. Note that these forward-progress measures
+are provided only for RCU, not for `SRCU <Sleepable RCU_>`__ or `Tasks
+RCU`_.
+
+RCU takes the following steps in call_rcu() to encourage timely
+invocation of callbacks when any given non-\ ``rcu_nocbs`` CPU has
+10,000 callbacks, or has 10,000 more callbacks than it had the last time
+encouragement was provided:
+
+#. Starts a grace period, if one is not already in progress.
+#. Forces immediate checking for quiescent states, rather than waiting
+ for three milliseconds to have elapsed since the beginning of the
+ grace period.
+#. Immediately tags the CPU's callbacks with their grace period
+ completion numbers, rather than waiting for the ``RCU_SOFTIRQ``
+ handler to get around to it.
+#. Lifts callback-execution batch limits, which speeds up callback
+ invocation at the expense of degrading realtime response.
+
+Again, these are default values when running at ``HZ=1000``, and can be
+overridden. Again, these forward-progress measures are provided only for
+RCU, not for `SRCU <Sleepable RCU_>`__ or `Tasks
+RCU`_. Even for RCU, callback-invocation forward
+progress for ``rcu_nocbs`` CPUs is much less well-developed, in part
+because workloads benefiting from ``rcu_nocbs`` CPUs tend to invoke
+call_rcu() relatively infrequently. If workloads emerge that need
+both ``rcu_nocbs`` CPUs and high call_rcu() invocation rates, then
+additional forward-progress work will be required.
+
+Composability
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Composability has received much attention in recent years, perhaps in
+part due to the collision of multicore hardware with object-oriented
+techniques designed in single-threaded environments for single-threaded
+use. And in theory, RCU read-side critical sections may be composed, and
+in fact may be nested arbitrarily deeply. In practice, as with all
+real-world implementations of composable constructs, there are
+limitations.
+
+Implementations of RCU for which rcu_read_lock() and
+rcu_read_unlock() generate no code, such as Linux-kernel RCU when
+``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n``, can be nested arbitrarily deeply. After all, there
+is no overhead. Except that if all these instances of
+rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() are visible to the
+compiler, compilation will eventually fail due to exhausting memory,
+mass storage, or user patience, whichever comes first. If the nesting is
+not visible to the compiler, as is the case with mutually recursive
+functions each in its own translation unit, stack overflow will result.
+If the nesting takes the form of loops, perhaps in the guise of tail
+recursion, either the control variable will overflow or (in the Linux
+kernel) you will get an RCU CPU stall warning. Nevertheless, this class
+of RCU implementations is one of the most composable constructs in
+existence.
+
+RCU implementations that explicitly track nesting depth are limited by
+the nesting-depth counter. For example, the Linux kernel's preemptible
+RCU limits nesting to ``INT_MAX``. This should suffice for almost all
+practical purposes. That said, a consecutive pair of RCU read-side
+critical sections between which there is an operation that waits for a
+grace period cannot be enclosed in another RCU read-side critical
+section. This is because it is not legal to wait for a grace period
+within an RCU read-side critical section: To do so would result either
+in deadlock or in RCU implicitly splitting the enclosing RCU read-side
+critical section, neither of which is conducive to a long-lived and
+prosperous kernel.
+
+It is worth noting that RCU is not alone in limiting composability. For
+example, many transactional-memory implementations prohibit composing a
+pair of transactions separated by an irrevocable operation (for example,
+a network receive operation). For another example, lock-based critical
+sections can be composed surprisingly freely, but only if deadlock is
+avoided.
+
+In short, although RCU read-side critical sections are highly
+composable, care is required in some situations, just as is the case for
+any other composable synchronization mechanism.
+
+Corner Cases
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A given RCU workload might have an endless and intense stream of RCU
+read-side critical sections, perhaps even so intense that there was
+never a point in time during which there was not at least one RCU
+read-side critical section in flight. RCU cannot allow this situation to
+block grace periods: As long as all the RCU read-side critical sections
+are finite, grace periods must also be finite.
+
+That said, preemptible RCU implementations could potentially result in
+RCU read-side critical sections being preempted for long durations,
+which has the effect of creating a long-duration RCU read-side critical
+section. This situation can arise only in heavily loaded systems, but
+systems using real-time priorities are of course more vulnerable.
+Therefore, RCU priority boosting is provided to help deal with this
+case. That said, the exact requirements on RCU priority boosting will
+likely evolve as more experience accumulates.
+
+Other workloads might have very high update rates. Although one can
+argue that such workloads should instead use something other than RCU,
+the fact remains that RCU must handle such workloads gracefully. This
+requirement is another factor driving batching of grace periods, but it
+is also the driving force behind the checks for large numbers of queued
+RCU callbacks in the call_rcu() code path. Finally, high update
+rates should not delay RCU read-side critical sections, although some
+small read-side delays can occur when using
+synchronize_rcu_expedited(), courtesy of this function's use of
+smp_call_function_single().
+
+Although all three of these corner cases were understood in the early
+1990s, a simple user-level test consisting of ``close(open(path))`` in a
+tight loop in the early 2000s suddenly provided a much deeper
+appreciation of the high-update-rate corner case. This test also
+motivated addition of some RCU code to react to high update rates, for
+example, if a given CPU finds itself with more than 10,000 RCU callbacks
+queued, it will cause RCU to take evasive action by more aggressively
+starting grace periods and more aggressively forcing completion of
+grace-period processing. This evasive action causes the grace period to
+complete more quickly, but at the cost of restricting RCU's batching
+optimizations, thus increasing the CPU overhead incurred by that grace
+period.
+
+Software-Engineering Requirements
+---------------------------------
+
+Between Murphy's Law and “To err is humanâ€, it is necessary to guard
+against mishaps and misuse:
+
+#. It is all too easy to forget to use rcu_read_lock() everywhere
+ that it is needed, so kernels built with ``CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y`` will
+ splat if rcu_dereference() is used outside of an RCU read-side
+ critical section. Update-side code can use
+ rcu_dereference_protected(), which takes a `lockdep
+ expression <https://lwn.net/Articles/371986/>`__ to indicate what is
+ providing the protection. If the indicated protection is not
+ provided, a lockdep splat is emitted.
+ Code shared between readers and updaters can use
+ rcu_dereference_check(), which also takes a lockdep expression,
+ and emits a lockdep splat if neither rcu_read_lock() nor the
+ indicated protection is in place. In addition,
+ rcu_dereference_raw() is used in those (hopefully rare) cases
+ where the required protection cannot be easily described. Finally,
+ rcu_read_lock_held() is provided to allow a function to verify
+ that it has been invoked within an RCU read-side critical section. I
+ was made aware of this set of requirements shortly after Thomas
+ Gleixner audited a number of RCU uses.
+#. A given function might wish to check for RCU-related preconditions
+ upon entry, before using any other RCU API. The
+ rcu_lockdep_assert() does this job, asserting the expression in
+ kernels having lockdep enabled and doing nothing otherwise.
+#. It is also easy to forget to use rcu_assign_pointer() and
+ rcu_dereference(), perhaps (incorrectly) substituting a simple
+ assignment. To catch this sort of error, a given RCU-protected
+ pointer may be tagged with ``__rcu``, after which sparse will
+ complain about simple-assignment accesses to that pointer. Arnd
+ Bergmann made me aware of this requirement, and also supplied the
+ needed `patch series <https://lwn.net/Articles/376011/>`__.
+#. Kernels built with ``CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y`` will splat if
+ a data element is passed to call_rcu() twice in a row, without a
+ grace period in between. (This error is similar to a double free.)
+ The corresponding ``rcu_head`` structures that are dynamically
+ allocated are automatically tracked, but ``rcu_head`` structures
+ allocated on the stack must be initialized with
+ init_rcu_head_on_stack() and cleaned up with
+ destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(). Similarly, statically allocated
+ non-stack ``rcu_head`` structures must be initialized with
+ init_rcu_head() and cleaned up with destroy_rcu_head().
+ Mathieu Desnoyers made me aware of this requirement, and also
+ supplied the needed
+ `patch <https://lore.kernel.org/r/20100319013024.GA28456@Krystal>`__.
+#. An infinite loop in an RCU read-side critical section will eventually
+ trigger an RCU CPU stall warning splat, with the duration of
+ “eventually†being controlled by the ``RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT``
+ ``Kconfig`` option, or, alternatively, by the
+ ``rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout`` boot/sysfs parameter. However, RCU
+ is not obligated to produce this splat unless there is a grace period
+ waiting on that particular RCU read-side critical section.
+
+ Some extreme workloads might intentionally delay RCU grace periods,
+ and systems running those workloads can be booted with
+ ``rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress`` to suppress the splats. This
+ kernel parameter may also be set via ``sysfs``. Furthermore, RCU CPU
+ stall warnings are counter-productive during sysrq dumps and during
+ panics. RCU therefore supplies the rcu_sysrq_start() and
+ rcu_sysrq_end() API members to be called before and after long
+ sysrq dumps. RCU also supplies the rcu_panic() notifier that is
+ automatically invoked at the beginning of a panic to suppress further
+ RCU CPU stall warnings.
+
+ This requirement made itself known in the early 1990s, pretty much
+ the first time that it was necessary to debug a CPU stall. That said,
+ the initial implementation in DYNIX/ptx was quite generic in
+ comparison with that of Linux.
+
+#. Although it would be very good to detect pointers leaking out of RCU
+ read-side critical sections, there is currently no good way of doing
+ this. One complication is the need to distinguish between pointers
+ leaking and pointers that have been handed off from RCU to some other
+ synchronization mechanism, for example, reference counting.
+#. In kernels built with ``CONFIG_RCU_TRACE=y``, RCU-related information
+ is provided via event tracing.
+#. Open-coded use of rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference()
+ to create typical linked data structures can be surprisingly
+ error-prone. Therefore, RCU-protected `linked
+ lists <https://lwn.net/Articles/609973/#RCU%20List%20APIs>`__ and,
+ more recently, RCU-protected `hash
+ tables <https://lwn.net/Articles/612100/>`__ are available. Many
+ other special-purpose RCU-protected data structures are available in
+ the Linux kernel and the userspace RCU library.
+#. Some linked structures are created at compile time, but still require
+ ``__rcu`` checking. The RCU_POINTER_INITIALIZER() macro serves
+ this purpose.
+#. It is not necessary to use rcu_assign_pointer() when creating
+ linked structures that are to be published via a single external
+ pointer. The RCU_INIT_POINTER() macro is provided for this task.
+
+This not a hard-and-fast list: RCU's diagnostic capabilities will
+continue to be guided by the number and type of usage bugs found in
+real-world RCU usage.
+
+Linux Kernel Complications
+--------------------------
+
+The Linux kernel provides an interesting environment for all kinds of
+software, including RCU. Some of the relevant points of interest are as
+follows:
+
+#. `Configuration`_
+#. `Firmware Interface`_
+#. `Early Boot`_
+#. `Interrupts and NMIs`_
+#. `Loadable Modules`_
+#. `Hotplug CPU`_
+#. `Scheduler and RCU`_
+#. `Tracing and RCU`_
+#. `Accesses to User Memory and RCU`_
+#. `Energy Efficiency`_
+#. `Scheduling-Clock Interrupts and RCU`_
+#. `Memory Efficiency`_
+#. `Performance, Scalability, Response Time, and Reliability`_
+
+This list is probably incomplete, but it does give a feel for the most
+notable Linux-kernel complications. Each of the following sections
+covers one of the above topics.
+
+Configuration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+RCU's goal is automatic configuration, so that almost nobody needs to
+worry about RCU's ``Kconfig`` options. And for almost all users, RCU
+does in fact work well “out of the box.â€
+
+However, there are specialized use cases that are handled by kernel boot
+parameters and ``Kconfig`` options. Unfortunately, the ``Kconfig``
+system will explicitly ask users about new ``Kconfig`` options, which
+requires almost all of them be hidden behind a ``CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT``
+``Kconfig`` option.
+
+This all should be quite obvious, but the fact remains that Linus
+Torvalds recently had to
+`remind <https://lore.kernel.org/r/CA+55aFy4wcCwaL4okTs8wXhGZ5h-ibecy_Meg9C4MNQrUnwMcg@mail.gmail.com>`__
+me of this requirement.
+
+Firmware Interface
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In many cases, kernel obtains information about the system from the
+firmware, and sometimes things are lost in translation. Or the
+translation is accurate, but the original message is bogus.
+
+For example, some systems' firmware overreports the number of CPUs,
+sometimes by a large factor. If RCU naively believed the firmware, as it
+used to do, it would create too many per-CPU kthreads. Although the
+resulting system will still run correctly, the extra kthreads needlessly
+consume memory and can cause confusion when they show up in ``ps``
+listings.
+
+RCU must therefore wait for a given CPU to actually come online before
+it can allow itself to believe that the CPU actually exists. The
+resulting “ghost CPUs†(which are never going to come online) cause a
+number of `interesting
+complications <https://paulmck.livejournal.com/37494.html>`__.
+
+Early Boot
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Linux kernel's boot sequence is an interesting process, and RCU is
+used early, even before rcu_init() is invoked. In fact, a number of
+RCU's primitives can be used as soon as the initial task's
+``task_struct`` is available and the boot CPU's per-CPU variables are
+set up. The read-side primitives (rcu_read_lock(),
+rcu_read_unlock(), rcu_dereference(), and
+rcu_access_pointer()) will operate normally very early on, as will
+rcu_assign_pointer().
+
+Although call_rcu() may be invoked at any time during boot,
+callbacks are not guaranteed to be invoked until after all of RCU's
+kthreads have been spawned, which occurs at early_initcall() time.
+This delay in callback invocation is due to the fact that RCU does not
+invoke callbacks until it is fully initialized, and this full
+initialization cannot occur until after the scheduler has initialized
+itself to the point where RCU can spawn and run its kthreads. In theory,
+it would be possible to invoke callbacks earlier, however, this is not a
+panacea because there would be severe restrictions on what operations
+those callbacks could invoke.
+
+Perhaps surprisingly, synchronize_rcu() and
+synchronize_rcu_expedited(), will operate normally during very early
+boot, the reason being that there is only one CPU and preemption is
+disabled. This means that the call synchronize_rcu() (or friends)
+itself is a quiescent state and thus a grace period, so the early-boot
+implementation can be a no-op.
+
+However, once the scheduler has spawned its first kthread, this early
+boot trick fails for synchronize_rcu() (as well as for
+synchronize_rcu_expedited()) in ``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y`` kernels. The
+reason is that an RCU read-side critical section might be preempted,
+which means that a subsequent synchronize_rcu() really does have to
+wait for something, as opposed to simply returning immediately.
+Unfortunately, synchronize_rcu() can't do this until all of its
+kthreads are spawned, which doesn't happen until some time during
+early_initcalls() time. But this is no excuse: RCU is nevertheless
+required to correctly handle synchronous grace periods during this time
+period. Once all of its kthreads are up and running, RCU starts running
+normally.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| How can RCU possibly handle grace periods before all of its kthreads |
+| have been spawned??? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Very carefully! |
+| During the “dead zone†between the time that the scheduler spawns the |
+| first task and the time that all of RCU's kthreads have been spawned, |
+| all synchronous grace periods are handled by the expedited |
+| grace-period mechanism. At runtime, this expedited mechanism relies |
+| on workqueues, but during the dead zone the requesting task itself |
+| drives the desired expedited grace period. Because dead-zone |
+| execution takes place within task context, everything works. Once the |
+| dead zone ends, expedited grace periods go back to using workqueues, |
+| as is required to avoid problems that would otherwise occur when a |
+| user task received a POSIX signal while driving an expedited grace |
+| period. |
+| |
+| And yes, this does mean that it is unhelpful to send POSIX signals to |
+| random tasks between the time that the scheduler spawns its first |
+| kthread and the time that RCU's kthreads have all been spawned. If |
+| there ever turns out to be a good reason for sending POSIX signals |
+| during that time, appropriate adjustments will be made. (If it turns |
+| out that POSIX signals are sent during this time for no good reason, |
+| other adjustments will be made, appropriate or otherwise.) |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+I learned of these boot-time requirements as a result of a series of
+system hangs.
+
+Interrupts and NMIs
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Linux kernel has interrupts, and RCU read-side critical sections are
+legal within interrupt handlers and within interrupt-disabled regions of
+code, as are invocations of call_rcu().
+
+Some Linux-kernel architectures can enter an interrupt handler from
+non-idle process context, and then just never leave it, instead
+stealthily transitioning back to process context. This trick is
+sometimes used to invoke system calls from inside the kernel. These
+“half-interrupts†mean that RCU has to be very careful about how it
+counts interrupt nesting levels. I learned of this requirement the hard
+way during a rewrite of RCU's dyntick-idle code.
+
+The Linux kernel has non-maskable interrupts (NMIs), and RCU read-side
+critical sections are legal within NMI handlers. Thankfully, RCU
+update-side primitives, including call_rcu(), are prohibited within
+NMI handlers.
+
+The name notwithstanding, some Linux-kernel architectures can have
+nested NMIs, which RCU must handle correctly. Andy Lutomirski `surprised
+me <https://lore.kernel.org/r/CALCETrXLq1y7e_dKFPgou-FKHB6Pu-r8+t-6Ds+8=va7anBWDA@mail.gmail.com>`__
+with this requirement; he also kindly surprised me with `an
+algorithm <https://lore.kernel.org/r/CALCETrXSY9JpW3uE6H8WYk81sg56qasA2aqmjMPsq5dOtzso=g@mail.gmail.com>`__
+that meets this requirement.
+
+Furthermore, NMI handlers can be interrupted by what appear to RCU to be
+normal interrupts. One way that this can happen is for code that
+directly invokes ct_irq_enter() and ct_irq_exit() to be called
+from an NMI handler. This astonishing fact of life prompted the current
+code structure, which has ct_irq_enter() invoking
+ct_nmi_enter() and ct_irq_exit() invoking ct_nmi_exit().
+And yes, I also learned of this requirement the hard way.
+
+Loadable Modules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Linux kernel has loadable modules, and these modules can also be
+unloaded. After a given module has been unloaded, any attempt to call
+one of its functions results in a segmentation fault. The module-unload
+functions must therefore cancel any delayed calls to loadable-module
+functions, for example, any outstanding mod_timer() must be dealt
+with via timer_shutdown_sync() or similar.
+
+Unfortunately, there is no way to cancel an RCU callback; once you
+invoke call_rcu(), the callback function is eventually going to be
+invoked, unless the system goes down first. Because it is normally
+considered socially irresponsible to crash the system in response to a
+module unload request, we need some other way to deal with in-flight RCU
+callbacks.
+
+RCU therefore provides rcu_barrier(), which waits until all
+in-flight RCU callbacks have been invoked. If a module uses
+call_rcu(), its exit function should therefore prevent any future
+invocation of call_rcu(), then invoke rcu_barrier(). In theory,
+the underlying module-unload code could invoke rcu_barrier()
+unconditionally, but in practice this would incur unacceptable
+latencies.
+
+Nikita Danilov noted this requirement for an analogous
+filesystem-unmount situation, and Dipankar Sarma incorporated
+rcu_barrier() into RCU. The need for rcu_barrier() for module
+unloading became apparent later.
+
+.. important::
+
+ The rcu_barrier() function is not, repeat,
+ *not*, obligated to wait for a grace period. It is instead only required
+ to wait for RCU callbacks that have already been posted. Therefore, if
+ there are no RCU callbacks posted anywhere in the system,
+ rcu_barrier() is within its rights to return immediately. Even if
+ there are callbacks posted, rcu_barrier() does not necessarily need
+ to wait for a grace period.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Wait a minute! Each RCU callbacks must wait for a grace period to |
+| complete, and rcu_barrier() must wait for each pre-existing |
+| callback to be invoked. Doesn't rcu_barrier() therefore need to |
+| wait for a full grace period if there is even one callback posted |
+| anywhere in the system? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Absolutely not!!! |
+| Yes, each RCU callbacks must wait for a grace period to complete, but |
+| it might well be partly (or even completely) finished waiting by the |
+| time rcu_barrier() is invoked. In that case, rcu_barrier() |
+| need only wait for the remaining portion of the grace period to |
+| elapse. So even if there are quite a few callbacks posted, |
+| rcu_barrier() might well return quite quickly. |
+| |
+| So if you need to wait for a grace period as well as for all |
+| pre-existing callbacks, you will need to invoke both |
+| synchronize_rcu() and rcu_barrier(). If latency is a concern, |
+| you can always use workqueues to invoke them concurrently. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Hotplug CPU
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Linux kernel supports CPU hotplug, which means that CPUs can come
+and go. It is of course illegal to use any RCU API member from an
+offline CPU, with the exception of `SRCU <Sleepable RCU_>`__ read-side
+critical sections. This requirement was present from day one in
+DYNIX/ptx, but on the other hand, the Linux kernel's CPU-hotplug
+implementation is “interesting.â€
+
+The Linux-kernel CPU-hotplug implementation has notifiers that are used
+to allow the various kernel subsystems (including RCU) to respond
+appropriately to a given CPU-hotplug operation. Most RCU operations may
+be invoked from CPU-hotplug notifiers, including even synchronous
+grace-period operations such as (synchronize_rcu() and
+synchronize_rcu_expedited()). However, these synchronous operations
+do block and therefore cannot be invoked from notifiers that execute via
+stop_machine(), specifically those between the ``CPUHP_AP_OFFLINE``
+and ``CPUHP_AP_ONLINE`` states.
+
+In addition, all-callback-wait operations such as rcu_barrier() may
+not be invoked from any CPU-hotplug notifier. This restriction is due
+to the fact that there are phases of CPU-hotplug operations where the
+outgoing CPU's callbacks will not be invoked until after the CPU-hotplug
+operation ends, which could also result in deadlock. Furthermore,
+rcu_barrier() blocks CPU-hotplug operations during its execution,
+which results in another type of deadlock when invoked from a CPU-hotplug
+notifier.
+
+Finally, RCU must avoid deadlocks due to interaction between hotplug,
+timers and grace period processing. It does so by maintaining its own set
+of books that duplicate the centrally maintained ``cpu_online_mask``,
+and also by reporting quiescent states explicitly when a CPU goes
+offline. This explicit reporting of quiescent states avoids any need
+for the force-quiescent-state loop (FQS) to report quiescent states for
+offline CPUs. However, as a debugging measure, the FQS loop does splat
+if offline CPUs block an RCU grace period for too long.
+
+An offline CPU's quiescent state will be reported either:
+
+1. As the CPU goes offline using RCU's hotplug notifier (rcutree_report_cpu_dead()).
+2. When grace period initialization (rcu_gp_init()) detects a
+ race either with CPU offlining or with a task unblocking on a leaf
+ ``rcu_node`` structure whose CPUs are all offline.
+
+The CPU-online path (rcutree_report_cpu_starting()) should never need to report
+a quiescent state for an offline CPU. However, as a debugging measure,
+it does emit a warning if a quiescent state was not already reported
+for that CPU.
+
+During the checking/modification of RCU's hotplug bookkeeping, the
+corresponding CPU's leaf node lock is held. This avoids race conditions
+between RCU's hotplug notifier hooks, the grace period initialization
+code, and the FQS loop, all of which refer to or modify this bookkeeping.
+
+Note that grace period initialization (rcu_gp_init()) must carefully sequence
+CPU hotplug scanning with grace period state changes. For example, the
+following race could occur in rcu_gp_init() if rcu_seq_start() were to happen
+after the CPU hotplug scanning::
+
+ CPU0 (rcu_gp_init) CPU1 CPU2
+ --------------------- ---- ----
+ // Hotplug scan first (WRONG ORDER)
+ rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
+ rnp->qsmaskinit = rnp->qsmaskinitnext;
+ }
+ rcutree_report_cpu_starting()
+ rnp->qsmaskinitnext |= mask;
+ rcu_read_lock()
+ r0 = *X;
+ r1 = *X;
+ X = NULL;
+ cookie = get_state_synchronize_rcu();
+ // cookie = 8 (future GP)
+ rcu_seq_start(&rcu_state.gp_seq);
+ // gp_seq = 5
+
+ // CPU1 now invisible to this GP!
+ rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first() {
+ rnp->qsmask = rnp->qsmaskinit;
+ // CPU1 not included!
+ }
+
+ // GP completes without CPU1
+ rcu_seq_end(&rcu_state.gp_seq);
+ // gp_seq = 8
+ poll_state_synchronize_rcu(cookie);
+ // Returns true!
+ kfree(r1);
+ r2 = *r0; // USE-AFTER-FREE!
+
+By incrementing ``gp_seq`` first, CPU1's RCU read-side critical section
+is guaranteed to not be missed by CPU2.
+
+Concurrent Quiescent State Reporting for Offline CPUs
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+RCU must ensure that CPUs going offline report quiescent states to avoid
+blocking grace periods. This requires careful synchronization to handle
+race conditions
+
+Race condition causing Offline CPU to hang GP
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+A race between CPU offlining and new GP initialization (gp_init()) may occur
+because rcu_report_qs_rnp() in rcutree_report_cpu_dead() must temporarily
+release the ``rcu_node`` lock to wake the RCU grace-period kthread::
+
+ CPU1 (going offline) CPU0 (GP kthread)
+ -------------------- -----------------
+ rcutree_report_cpu_dead()
+ rcu_report_qs_rnp()
+ // Must release rnp->lock to wake GP kthread
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node()
+ // Wakes up and starts new GP
+ rcu_gp_init()
+ // First loop:
+ copies qsmaskinitnext->qsmaskinit
+ // CPU1 still in qsmaskinitnext!
+
+ // Second loop:
+ rnp->qsmask = rnp->qsmaskinit
+ mask = rnp->qsmask & ~rnp->qsmaskinitnext
+ // mask is 0! CPU1 still in both masks
+ // Reacquire lock (but too late)
+ rnp->qsmaskinitnext &= ~mask // Finally clears bit
+
+Without ``ofl_lock``, the new grace period includes the offline CPU and waits
+forever for its quiescent state causing a GP hang.
+
+A solution with ofl_lock
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The ``ofl_lock`` (offline lock) prevents rcu_gp_init() from running during
+the vulnerable window when rcu_report_qs_rnp() has released ``rnp->lock``::
+
+ CPU0 (rcu_gp_init) CPU1 (rcutree_report_cpu_dead)
+ ------------------ ------------------------------
+ rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
+ arch_spin_lock(&ofl_lock) -----> arch_spin_lock(&ofl_lock) [BLOCKED]
+
+ // Safe: CPU1 can't interfere
+ rnp->qsmaskinit = rnp->qsmaskinitnext
+
+ arch_spin_unlock(&ofl_lock) ---> // Now CPU1 can proceed
+ } // But snapshot already taken
+
+Another race causing GP hangs in rcu_gpu_init(): Reporting QS for Now-offline CPUs
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+After the first loop takes an atomic snapshot of online CPUs, as shown above,
+the second loop in rcu_gp_init() detects CPUs that went offline between
+releasing ``ofl_lock`` and acquiring the per-node ``rnp->lock``.
+This detection is crucial because:
+
+1. The CPU might have gone offline after the snapshot but before the second loop
+2. The offline CPU cannot report its own QS if it's already dead
+3. Without this detection, the grace period would wait forever for CPUs that
+ are now offline.
+
+The second loop performs this detection safely::
+
+ rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rnp) {
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+ rnp->qsmask = rnp->qsmaskinit; // Apply the snapshot
+
+ // Detect CPUs offline after snapshot
+ mask = rnp->qsmask & ~rnp->qsmaskinitnext;
+
+ if (mask && rcu_is_leaf_node(rnp))
+ rcu_report_qs_rnp(mask, ...) // Report QS for offline CPUs
+ }
+
+This approach ensures atomicity: quiescent state reporting for offline CPUs
+happens either in rcu_gp_init() (second loop) or in rcutree_report_cpu_dead(),
+never both and never neither. The ``rnp->lock`` held throughout the sequence
+prevents races - rcutree_report_cpu_dead() also acquires this lock when
+clearing ``qsmaskinitnext``, ensuring mutual exclusion.
+
+Scheduler and RCU
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+RCU makes use of kthreads, and it is necessary to avoid excessive CPU-time
+accumulation by these kthreads. This requirement was no surprise, but
+RCU's violation of it when running context-switch-heavy workloads when
+built with ``CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y`` `did come as a surprise
+[PDF] <http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/scalability/paper/BareMetal.2015.01.15b.pdf>`__.
+RCU has made good progress towards meeting this requirement, even for
+context-switch-heavy ``CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y`` workloads, but there is
+room for further improvement.
+
+There is no longer any prohibition against holding any of
+scheduler's runqueue or priority-inheritance spinlocks across an
+rcu_read_unlock(), even if interrupts and preemption were enabled
+somewhere within the corresponding RCU read-side critical section.
+Therefore, it is now perfectly legal to execute rcu_read_lock()
+with preemption enabled, acquire one of the scheduler locks, and hold
+that lock across the matching rcu_read_unlock().
+
+Similarly, the RCU flavor consolidation has removed the need for negative
+nesting. The fact that interrupt-disabled regions of code act as RCU
+read-side critical sections implicitly avoids earlier issues that used
+to result in destructive recursion via interrupt handler's use of RCU.
+
+Tracing and RCU
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It is possible to use tracing on RCU code, but tracing itself uses RCU.
+For this reason, rcu_dereference_raw_check() is provided for use
+by tracing, which avoids the destructive recursion that could otherwise
+ensue. This API is also used by virtualization in some architectures,
+where RCU readers execute in environments in which tracing cannot be
+used. The tracing folks both located the requirement and provided the
+needed fix, so this surprise requirement was relatively painless.
+
+Accesses to User Memory and RCU
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The kernel needs to access user-space memory, for example, to access data
+referenced by system-call parameters. The get_user() macro does this job.
+
+However, user-space memory might well be paged out, which means that
+get_user() might well page-fault and thus block while waiting for the
+resulting I/O to complete. It would be a very bad thing for the compiler to
+reorder a get_user() invocation into an RCU read-side critical section.
+
+For example, suppose that the source code looked like this:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 rcu_read_lock();
+ 2 p = rcu_dereference(gp);
+ 3 v = p->value;
+ 4 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 5 get_user(user_v, user_p);
+ 6 do_something_with(v, user_v);
+
+The compiler must not be permitted to transform this source code into
+the following:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 rcu_read_lock();
+ 2 p = rcu_dereference(gp);
+ 3 get_user(user_v, user_p); // BUG: POSSIBLE PAGE FAULT!!!
+ 4 v = p->value;
+ 5 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 6 do_something_with(v, user_v);
+
+If the compiler did make this transformation in a ``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n`` kernel
+build, and if get_user() did page fault, the result would be a quiescent
+state in the middle of an RCU read-side critical section. This misplaced
+quiescent state could result in line 4 being a use-after-free access,
+which could be bad for your kernel's actuarial statistics. Similar examples
+can be constructed with the call to get_user() preceding the
+rcu_read_lock().
+
+Unfortunately, get_user() doesn't have any particular ordering properties,
+and in some architectures the underlying ``asm`` isn't even marked
+``volatile``. And even if it was marked ``volatile``, the above access to
+``p->value`` is not volatile, so the compiler would not have any reason to keep
+those two accesses in order.
+
+Therefore, the Linux-kernel definitions of rcu_read_lock() and
+rcu_read_unlock() must act as compiler barriers, at least for outermost
+instances of rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() within a nested set
+of RCU read-side critical sections.
+
+Energy Efficiency
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Interrupting idle CPUs is considered socially unacceptable, especially
+by people with battery-powered embedded systems. RCU therefore conserves
+energy by detecting which CPUs are idle, including tracking CPUs that
+have been interrupted from idle. This is a large part of the
+energy-efficiency requirement, so I learned of this via an irate phone
+call.
+
+Because RCU avoids interrupting idle CPUs, it is illegal to execute an
+RCU read-side critical section on an idle CPU. (Kernels built with
+``CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y`` will splat if you try it.)
+
+It is similarly socially unacceptable to interrupt an ``nohz_full`` CPU
+running in userspace. RCU must therefore track ``nohz_full`` userspace
+execution. RCU must therefore be able to sample state at two points in
+time, and be able to determine whether or not some other CPU spent any
+time idle and/or executing in userspace.
+
+These energy-efficiency requirements have proven quite difficult to
+understand and to meet, for example, there have been more than five
+clean-sheet rewrites of RCU's energy-efficiency code, the last of which
+was finally able to demonstrate `real energy savings running on real
+hardware
+[PDF] <http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/realtime/paper/AMPenergy.2013.04.19a.pdf>`__.
+As noted earlier, I learned of many of these requirements via angry
+phone calls: Flaming me on the Linux-kernel mailing list was apparently
+not sufficient to fully vent their ire at RCU's energy-efficiency bugs!
+
+Scheduling-Clock Interrupts and RCU
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The kernel transitions between in-kernel non-idle execution, userspace
+execution, and the idle loop. Depending on kernel configuration, RCU
+handles these states differently:
+
++-----------------+------------------+------------------+-----------------+
+| ``HZ`` Kconfig | In-Kernel | Usermode | Idle |
++=================+==================+==================+=================+
+| ``HZ_PERIODIC`` | Can rely on | Can rely on | Can rely on |
+| | scheduling-clock | scheduling-clock | RCU's |
+| | interrupt. | interrupt and | dyntick-idle |
+| | | its detection | detection. |
+| | | of interrupt | |
+| | | from usermode. | |
++-----------------+------------------+------------------+-----------------+
+| ``NO_HZ_IDLE`` | Can rely on | Can rely on | Can rely on |
+| | scheduling-clock | scheduling-clock | RCU's |
+| | interrupt. | interrupt and | dyntick-idle |
+| | | its detection | detection. |
+| | | of interrupt | |
+| | | from usermode. | |
++-----------------+------------------+------------------+-----------------+
+| ``NO_HZ_FULL`` | Can only | Can rely on | Can rely on |
+| | sometimes rely | RCU's | RCU's |
+| | on | dyntick-idle | dyntick-idle |
+| | scheduling-clock | detection. | detection. |
+| | interrupt. In | | |
+| | other cases, it | | |
+| | is necessary to | | |
+| | bound kernel | | |
+| | execution times | | |
+| | and/or use | | |
+| | IPIs. | | |
++-----------------+------------------+------------------+-----------------+
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Why can't ``NO_HZ_FULL`` in-kernel execution rely on the |
+| scheduling-clock interrupt, just like ``HZ_PERIODIC`` and |
+| ``NO_HZ_IDLE`` do? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Because, as a performance optimization, ``NO_HZ_FULL`` does not |
+| necessarily re-enable the scheduling-clock interrupt on entry to each |
+| and every system call. |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+However, RCU must be reliably informed as to whether any given CPU is
+currently in the idle loop, and, for ``NO_HZ_FULL``, also whether that
+CPU is executing in usermode, as discussed
+`earlier <Energy Efficiency_>`__. It also requires that the
+scheduling-clock interrupt be enabled when RCU needs it to be:
+
+#. If a CPU is either idle or executing in usermode, and RCU believes it
+ is non-idle, the scheduling-clock tick had better be running.
+ Otherwise, you will get RCU CPU stall warnings. Or at best, very long
+ (11-second) grace periods, with a pointless IPI waking the CPU from
+ time to time.
+#. If a CPU is in a portion of the kernel that executes RCU read-side
+ critical sections, and RCU believes this CPU to be idle, you will get
+ random memory corruption. **DON'T DO THIS!!!**
+ This is one reason to test with lockdep, which will complain about
+ this sort of thing.
+#. If a CPU is in a portion of the kernel that is absolutely positively
+ no-joking guaranteed to never execute any RCU read-side critical
+ sections, and RCU believes this CPU to be idle, no problem. This
+ sort of thing is used by some architectures for light-weight
+ exception handlers, which can then avoid the overhead of
+ ct_irq_enter() and ct_irq_exit() at exception entry and
+ exit, respectively. Some go further and avoid the entireties of
+ irq_enter() and irq_exit().
+ Just make very sure you are running some of your tests with
+ ``CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y``, just in case one of your code paths was in
+ fact joking about not doing RCU read-side critical sections.
+#. If a CPU is executing in the kernel with the scheduling-clock
+ interrupt disabled and RCU believes this CPU to be non-idle, and if
+ the CPU goes idle (from an RCU perspective) every few jiffies, no
+ problem. It is usually OK for there to be the occasional gap between
+ idle periods of up to a second or so.
+ If the gap grows too long, you get RCU CPU stall warnings.
+#. If a CPU is either idle or executing in usermode, and RCU believes it
+ to be idle, of course no problem.
+#. If a CPU is executing in the kernel, the kernel code path is passing
+ through quiescent states at a reasonable frequency (preferably about
+ once per few jiffies, but the occasional excursion to a second or so
+ is usually OK) and the scheduling-clock interrupt is enabled, of
+ course no problem.
+ If the gap between a successive pair of quiescent states grows too
+ long, you get RCU CPU stall warnings.
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Quick Quiz**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| But what if my driver has a hardware interrupt handler that can run |
+| for many seconds? I cannot invoke schedule() from an hardware |
+| interrupt handler, after all! |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Answer**: |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| One approach is to do ``ct_irq_exit();ct_irq_enter();`` every so |
+| often. But given that long-running interrupt handlers can cause other |
+| problems, not least for response time, shouldn't you work to keep |
+| your interrupt handler's runtime within reasonable bounds? |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+But as long as RCU is properly informed of kernel state transitions
+between in-kernel execution, usermode execution, and idle, and as long
+as the scheduling-clock interrupt is enabled when RCU needs it to be,
+you can rest assured that the bugs you encounter will be in some other
+part of RCU or some other part of the kernel!
+
+Memory Efficiency
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Although small-memory non-realtime systems can simply use Tiny RCU, code
+size is only one aspect of memory efficiency. Another aspect is the size
+of the ``rcu_head`` structure used by call_rcu() and
+kfree_rcu(). Although this structure contains nothing more than a
+pair of pointers, it does appear in many RCU-protected data structures,
+including some that are size critical. The ``page`` structure is a case
+in point, as evidenced by the many occurrences of the ``union`` keyword
+within that structure.
+
+This need for memory efficiency is one reason that RCU uses hand-crafted
+singly linked lists to track the ``rcu_head`` structures that are
+waiting for a grace period to elapse. It is also the reason why
+``rcu_head`` structures do not contain debug information, such as fields
+tracking the file and line of the call_rcu() or kfree_rcu() that
+posted them. Although this information might appear in debug-only kernel
+builds at some point, in the meantime, the ``->func`` field will often
+provide the needed debug information.
+
+However, in some cases, the need for memory efficiency leads to even
+more extreme measures. Returning to the ``page`` structure, the
+``rcu_head`` field shares storage with a great many other structures
+that are used at various points in the corresponding page's lifetime. In
+order to correctly resolve certain `race
+conditions <https://lore.kernel.org/r/1439976106-137226-1-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>`__,
+the Linux kernel's memory-management subsystem needs a particular bit to
+remain zero during all phases of grace-period processing, and that bit
+happens to map to the bottom bit of the ``rcu_head`` structure's
+``->next`` field. RCU makes this guarantee as long as call_rcu() is
+used to post the callback, as opposed to kfree_rcu() or some future
+“lazy†variant of call_rcu() that might one day be created for
+energy-efficiency purposes.
+
+That said, there are limits. RCU requires that the ``rcu_head``
+structure be aligned to a two-byte boundary, and passing a misaligned
+``rcu_head`` structure to one of the call_rcu() family of functions
+will result in a splat. It is therefore necessary to exercise caution
+when packing structures containing fields of type ``rcu_head``. Why not
+a four-byte or even eight-byte alignment requirement? Because the m68k
+architecture provides only two-byte alignment, and thus acts as
+alignment's least common denominator.
+
+The reason for reserving the bottom bit of pointers to ``rcu_head``
+structures is to leave the door open to “lazy†callbacks whose
+invocations can safely be deferred. Deferring invocation could
+potentially have energy-efficiency benefits, but only if the rate of
+non-lazy callbacks decreases significantly for some important workload.
+In the meantime, reserving the bottom bit keeps this option open in case
+it one day becomes useful.
+
+Performance, Scalability, Response Time, and Reliability
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Expanding on the `earlier
+discussion <Performance and Scalability_>`__, RCU is used heavily by
+hot code paths in performance-critical portions of the Linux kernel's
+networking, security, virtualization, and scheduling code paths. RCU
+must therefore use efficient implementations, especially in its
+read-side primitives. To that end, it would be good if preemptible RCU's
+implementation of rcu_read_lock() could be inlined, however, doing
+this requires resolving ``#include`` issues with the ``task_struct``
+structure.
+
+The Linux kernel supports hardware configurations with up to 4096 CPUs,
+which means that RCU must be extremely scalable. Algorithms that involve
+frequent acquisitions of global locks or frequent atomic operations on
+global variables simply cannot be tolerated within the RCU
+implementation. RCU therefore makes heavy use of a combining tree based
+on the ``rcu_node`` structure. RCU is required to tolerate all CPUs
+continuously invoking any combination of RCU's runtime primitives with
+minimal per-operation overhead. In fact, in many cases, increasing load
+must *decrease* the per-operation overhead, witness the batching
+optimizations for synchronize_rcu(), call_rcu(),
+synchronize_rcu_expedited(), and rcu_barrier(). As a general
+rule, RCU must cheerfully accept whatever the rest of the Linux kernel
+decides to throw at it.
+
+The Linux kernel is used for real-time workloads, especially in
+conjunction with the `-rt
+patchset <https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/>`__. The
+real-time-latency response requirements are such that the traditional
+approach of disabling preemption across RCU read-side critical sections
+is inappropriate. Kernels built with ``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y`` therefore use
+an RCU implementation that allows RCU read-side critical sections to be
+preempted. This requirement made its presence known after users made it
+clear that an earlier `real-time
+patch <https://lwn.net/Articles/107930/>`__ did not meet their needs, in
+conjunction with some `RCU
+issues <https://lore.kernel.org/r/20050318002026.GA2693@us.ibm.com>`__
+encountered by a very early version of the -rt patchset.
+
+In addition, RCU must make do with a sub-100-microsecond real-time
+latency budget. In fact, on smaller systems with the -rt patchset, the
+Linux kernel provides sub-20-microsecond real-time latencies for the
+whole kernel, including RCU. RCU's scalability and latency must
+therefore be sufficient for these sorts of configurations. To my
+surprise, the sub-100-microsecond real-time latency budget `applies to
+even the largest systems
+[PDF] <http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/realtime/paper/bigrt.2013.01.31a.LCA.pdf>`__,
+up to and including systems with 4096 CPUs. This real-time requirement
+motivated the grace-period kthread, which also simplified handling of a
+number of race conditions.
+
+RCU must avoid degrading real-time response for CPU-bound threads,
+whether executing in usermode (which is one use case for
+``CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y``) or in the kernel. That said, CPU-bound loops in
+the kernel must execute cond_resched() at least once per few tens of
+milliseconds in order to avoid receiving an IPI from RCU.
+
+Finally, RCU's status as a synchronization primitive means that any RCU
+failure can result in arbitrary memory corruption that can be extremely
+difficult to debug. This means that RCU must be extremely reliable,
+which in practice also means that RCU must have an aggressive
+stress-test suite. This stress-test suite is called ``rcutorture``.
+
+Although the need for ``rcutorture`` was no surprise, the current
+immense popularity of the Linux kernel is posing interesting—and perhaps
+unprecedented—validation challenges. To see this, keep in mind that
+there are well over one billion instances of the Linux kernel running
+today, given Android smartphones, Linux-powered televisions, and
+servers. This number can be expected to increase sharply with the advent
+of the celebrated Internet of Things.
+
+Suppose that RCU contains a race condition that manifests on average
+once per million years of runtime. This bug will be occurring about
+three times per *day* across the installed base. RCU could simply hide
+behind hardware error rates, given that no one should really expect
+their smartphone to last for a million years. However, anyone taking too
+much comfort from this thought should consider the fact that in most
+jurisdictions, a successful multi-year test of a given mechanism, which
+might include a Linux kernel, suffices for a number of types of
+safety-critical certifications. In fact, rumor has it that the Linux
+kernel is already being used in production for safety-critical
+applications. I don't know about you, but I would feel quite bad if a
+bug in RCU killed someone. Which might explain my recent focus on
+validation and verification.
+
+Other RCU Flavors
+-----------------
+
+One of the more surprising things about RCU is that there are now no
+fewer than five *flavors*, or API families. In addition, the primary
+flavor that has been the sole focus up to this point has two different
+implementations, non-preemptible and preemptible. The other four flavors
+are listed below, with requirements for each described in a separate
+section.
+
+#. `Bottom-Half Flavor (Historical)`_
+#. `Sched Flavor (Historical)`_
+#. `Sleepable RCU`_
+#. `Tasks RCU`_
+#. `Tasks Trace RCU`_
+
+Bottom-Half Flavor (Historical)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The RCU-bh flavor of RCU has since been expressed in terms of the other
+RCU flavors as part of a consolidation of the three flavors into a
+single flavor. The read-side API remains, and continues to disable
+softirq and to be accounted for by lockdep. Much of the material in this
+section is therefore strictly historical in nature.
+
+The softirq-disable (AKA “bottom-halfâ€, hence the “_bh†abbreviations)
+flavor of RCU, or *RCU-bh*, was developed by Dipankar Sarma to provide a
+flavor of RCU that could withstand the network-based denial-of-service
+attacks researched by Robert Olsson. These attacks placed so much
+networking load on the system that some of the CPUs never exited softirq
+execution, which in turn prevented those CPUs from ever executing a
+context switch, which, in the RCU implementation of that time, prevented
+grace periods from ever ending. The result was an out-of-memory
+condition and a system hang.
+
+The solution was the creation of RCU-bh, which does
+local_bh_disable() across its read-side critical sections, and which
+uses the transition from one type of softirq processing to another as a
+quiescent state in addition to context switch, idle, user mode, and
+offline. This means that RCU-bh grace periods can complete even when
+some of the CPUs execute in softirq indefinitely, thus allowing
+algorithms based on RCU-bh to withstand network-based denial-of-service
+attacks.
+
+Because rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh() disable and
+re-enable softirq handlers, any attempt to start a softirq handlers
+during the RCU-bh read-side critical section will be deferred. In this
+case, rcu_read_unlock_bh() will invoke softirq processing, which can
+take considerable time. One can of course argue that this softirq
+overhead should be associated with the code following the RCU-bh
+read-side critical section rather than rcu_read_unlock_bh(), but the
+fact is that most profiling tools cannot be expected to make this sort
+of fine distinction. For example, suppose that a three-millisecond-long
+RCU-bh read-side critical section executes during a time of heavy
+networking load. There will very likely be an attempt to invoke at least
+one softirq handler during that three milliseconds, but any such
+invocation will be delayed until the time of the
+rcu_read_unlock_bh(). This can of course make it appear at first
+glance as if rcu_read_unlock_bh() was executing very slowly.
+
+The `RCU-bh
+API <https://lwn.net/Articles/609973/#RCU%20Per-Flavor%20API%20Table>`__
+includes rcu_read_lock_bh(), rcu_read_unlock_bh(), rcu_dereference_bh(),
+rcu_dereference_bh_check(), and rcu_read_lock_bh_held(). However, the
+old RCU-bh update-side APIs are now gone, replaced by synchronize_rcu(),
+synchronize_rcu_expedited(), call_rcu(), and rcu_barrier(). In addition,
+anything that disables bottom halves also marks an RCU-bh read-side
+critical section, including local_bh_disable() and local_bh_enable(),
+local_irq_save() and local_irq_restore(), and so on.
+
+Sched Flavor (Historical)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The RCU-sched flavor of RCU has since been expressed in terms of the
+other RCU flavors as part of a consolidation of the three flavors into a
+single flavor. The read-side API remains, and continues to disable
+preemption and to be accounted for by lockdep. Much of the material in
+this section is therefore strictly historical in nature.
+
+Before preemptible RCU, waiting for an RCU grace period had the side
+effect of also waiting for all pre-existing interrupt and NMI handlers.
+However, there are legitimate preemptible-RCU implementations that do
+not have this property, given that any point in the code outside of an
+RCU read-side critical section can be a quiescent state. Therefore,
+*RCU-sched* was created, which follows “classic†RCU in that an
+RCU-sched grace period waits for pre-existing interrupt and NMI
+handlers. In kernels built with ``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n``, the RCU and
+RCU-sched APIs have identical implementations, while kernels built with
+``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y`` provide a separate implementation for each.
+
+Note well that in ``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y`` kernels,
+rcu_read_lock_sched() and rcu_read_unlock_sched() disable and
+re-enable preemption, respectively. This means that if there was a
+preemption attempt during the RCU-sched read-side critical section,
+rcu_read_unlock_sched() will enter the scheduler, with all the
+latency and overhead entailed. Just as with rcu_read_unlock_bh(),
+this can make it look as if rcu_read_unlock_sched() was executing
+very slowly. However, the highest-priority task won't be preempted, so
+that task will enjoy low-overhead rcu_read_unlock_sched()
+invocations.
+
+The `RCU-sched
+API <https://lwn.net/Articles/609973/#RCU%20Per-Flavor%20API%20Table>`__
+includes rcu_read_lock_sched(), rcu_read_unlock_sched(),
+rcu_read_lock_sched_notrace(), rcu_read_unlock_sched_notrace(),
+rcu_dereference_sched(), rcu_dereference_sched_check(), and
+rcu_read_lock_sched_held(). However, the old RCU-sched update-side APIs
+are now gone, replaced by synchronize_rcu(), synchronize_rcu_expedited(),
+call_rcu(), and rcu_barrier(). In addition, anything that disables
+preemption also marks an RCU-sched read-side critical section,
+including preempt_disable() and preempt_enable(), local_irq_save()
+and local_irq_restore(), and so on.
+
+Sleepable RCU
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+For well over a decade, someone saying “I need to block within an RCU
+read-side critical section†was a reliable indication that this someone
+did not understand RCU. After all, if you are always blocking in an RCU
+read-side critical section, you can probably afford to use a
+higher-overhead synchronization mechanism. However, that changed with
+the advent of the Linux kernel's notifiers, whose RCU read-side critical
+sections almost never sleep, but sometimes need to. This resulted in the
+introduction of `sleepable RCU <https://lwn.net/Articles/202847/>`__, or
+*SRCU*.
+
+SRCU allows different domains to be defined, with each such domain
+defined by an instance of an ``srcu_struct`` structure. A pointer to
+this structure must be passed in to each SRCU function, for example,
+``synchronize_srcu(&ss)``, where ``ss`` is the ``srcu_struct``
+structure. The key benefit of these domains is that a slow SRCU reader
+in one domain does not delay an SRCU grace period in some other domain.
+That said, one consequence of these domains is that read-side code must
+pass a “cookie†from srcu_read_lock() to srcu_read_unlock(), for
+example, as follows:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 int idx;
+ 2
+ 3 idx = srcu_read_lock(&ss);
+ 4 do_something();
+ 5 srcu_read_unlock(&ss, idx);
+
+As noted above, it is legal to block within SRCU read-side critical
+sections, however, with great power comes great responsibility. If you
+block forever in one of a given domain's SRCU read-side critical
+sections, then that domain's grace periods will also be blocked forever.
+Of course, one good way to block forever is to deadlock, which can
+happen if any operation in a given domain's SRCU read-side critical
+section can wait, either directly or indirectly, for that domain's grace
+period to elapse. For example, this results in a self-deadlock:
+
+ ::
+
+ 1 int idx;
+ 2
+ 3 idx = srcu_read_lock(&ss);
+ 4 do_something();
+ 5 synchronize_srcu(&ss);
+ 6 srcu_read_unlock(&ss, idx);
+
+However, if line 5 acquired a mutex that was held across a
+synchronize_srcu() for domain ``ss``, deadlock would still be
+possible. Furthermore, if line 5 acquired a mutex that was held across a
+synchronize_srcu() for some other domain ``ss1``, and if an
+``ss1``-domain SRCU read-side critical section acquired another mutex
+that was held across as ``ss``-domain synchronize_srcu(), deadlock
+would again be possible. Such a deadlock cycle could extend across an
+arbitrarily large number of different SRCU domains. Again, with great
+power comes great responsibility.
+
+Unlike the other RCU flavors, SRCU read-side critical sections can run
+on idle and even offline CPUs. This ability requires that
+srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock() contain memory barriers,
+which means that SRCU readers will run a bit slower than would RCU
+readers. It also motivates the smp_mb__after_srcu_read_unlock() API,
+which, in combination with srcu_read_unlock(), guarantees a full
+memory barrier.
+
+Also unlike other RCU flavors, synchronize_srcu() may **not** be
+invoked from CPU-hotplug notifiers, due to the fact that SRCU grace
+periods make use of timers and the possibility of timers being
+temporarily “stranded†on the outgoing CPU. This stranding of timers
+means that timers posted to the outgoing CPU will not fire until late in
+the CPU-hotplug process. The problem is that if a notifier is waiting on
+an SRCU grace period, that grace period is waiting on a timer, and that
+timer is stranded on the outgoing CPU, then the notifier will never be
+awakened, in other words, deadlock has occurred. This same situation of
+course also prohibits srcu_barrier() from being invoked from
+CPU-hotplug notifiers.
+
+SRCU also differs from other RCU flavors in that SRCU's expedited and
+non-expedited grace periods are implemented by the same mechanism. This
+means that in the current SRCU implementation, expediting a future grace
+period has the side effect of expediting all prior grace periods that
+have not yet completed. (But please note that this is a property of the
+current implementation, not necessarily of future implementations.) In
+addition, if SRCU has been idle for longer than the interval specified
+by the ``srcutree.exp_holdoff`` kernel boot parameter (25 microseconds
+by default), and if a synchronize_srcu() invocation ends this idle
+period, that invocation will be automatically expedited.
+
+As of v4.12, SRCU's callbacks are maintained per-CPU, eliminating a
+locking bottleneck present in prior kernel versions. Although this will
+allow users to put much heavier stress on call_srcu(), it is
+important to note that SRCU does not yet take any special steps to deal
+with callback flooding. So if you are posting (say) 10,000 SRCU
+callbacks per second per CPU, you are probably totally OK, but if you
+intend to post (say) 1,000,000 SRCU callbacks per second per CPU, please
+run some tests first. SRCU just might need a few adjustment to deal with
+that sort of load. Of course, your mileage may vary based on the speed
+of your CPUs and the size of your memory.
+
+The `SRCU
+API <https://lwn.net/Articles/609973/#RCU%20Per-Flavor%20API%20Table>`__
+includes srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock(),
+srcu_dereference(), srcu_dereference_check(),
+synchronize_srcu(), synchronize_srcu_expedited(),
+call_srcu(), srcu_barrier(), and srcu_read_lock_held(). It
+also includes DEFINE_SRCU(), DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(), and
+init_srcu_struct() APIs for defining and initializing
+``srcu_struct`` structures.
+
+More recently, the SRCU API has added polling interfaces:
+
+#. start_poll_synchronize_srcu() returns a cookie identifying
+ the completion of a future SRCU grace period and ensures
+ that this grace period will be started.
+#. poll_state_synchronize_srcu() returns ``true`` iff the
+ specified cookie corresponds to an already-completed
+ SRCU grace period.
+#. get_state_synchronize_srcu() returns a cookie just like
+ start_poll_synchronize_srcu() does, but differs in that
+ it does nothing to ensure that any future SRCU grace period
+ will be started.
+
+These functions are used to avoid unnecessary SRCU grace periods in
+certain types of buffer-cache algorithms having multi-stage age-out
+mechanisms. The idea is that by the time the block has aged completely
+from the cache, an SRCU grace period will be very likely to have elapsed.
+
+Tasks RCU
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+Some forms of tracing use “trampolines†to handle the binary rewriting
+required to install different types of probes. It would be good to be
+able to free old trampolines, which sounds like a job for some form of
+RCU. However, because it is necessary to be able to install a trace
+anywhere in the code, it is not possible to use read-side markers such
+as rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(). In addition, it does
+not work to have these markers in the trampoline itself, because there
+would need to be instructions following rcu_read_unlock(). Although
+synchronize_rcu() would guarantee that execution reached the
+rcu_read_unlock(), it would not be able to guarantee that execution
+had completely left the trampoline. Worse yet, in some situations
+the trampoline's protection must extend a few instructions *prior* to
+execution reaching the trampoline. For example, these few instructions
+might calculate the address of the trampoline, so that entering the
+trampoline would be pre-ordained a surprisingly long time before execution
+actually reached the trampoline itself.
+
+The solution, in the form of `Tasks
+RCU <https://lwn.net/Articles/607117/>`__, is to have implicit read-side
+critical sections that are delimited by voluntary context switches, that
+is, calls to schedule(), cond_resched(), and
+synchronize_rcu_tasks(). In addition, transitions to and from
+userspace execution also delimit tasks-RCU read-side critical sections.
+Idle tasks are ignored by Tasks RCU, and Tasks Rude RCU may be used to
+interact with them.
+
+Note well that involuntary context switches are *not* Tasks-RCU quiescent
+states. After all, in preemptible kernels, a task executing code in a
+trampoline might be preempted. In this case, the Tasks-RCU grace period
+clearly cannot end until that task resumes and its execution leaves that
+trampoline. This means, among other things, that cond_resched() does
+not provide a Tasks RCU quiescent state. (Instead, use rcu_softirq_qs()
+from softirq or rcu_tasks_classic_qs() otherwise.)
+
+The tasks-RCU API is quite compact, consisting only of
+call_rcu_tasks(), synchronize_rcu_tasks(), and
+rcu_barrier_tasks(). In ``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n`` kernels, trampolines
+cannot be preempted, so these APIs map to call_rcu(),
+synchronize_rcu(), and rcu_barrier(), respectively. In
+``CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y`` kernels, trampolines can be preempted, and these
+three APIs are therefore implemented by separate functions that check
+for voluntary context switches.
+
+Tasks Rude RCU
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Some forms of tracing need to wait for all preemption-disabled regions
+of code running on any online CPU, including those executed when RCU is
+not watching. This means that synchronize_rcu() is insufficient, and
+Tasks Rude RCU must be used instead. This flavor of RCU does its work by
+forcing a workqueue to be scheduled on each online CPU, hence the "Rude"
+moniker. And this operation is considered to be quite rude by real-time
+workloads that don't want their ``nohz_full`` CPUs receiving IPIs and
+by battery-powered systems that don't want their idle CPUs to be awakened.
+
+Once kernel entry/exit and deep-idle functions have been properly tagged
+``noinstr``, Tasks RCU can start paying attention to idle tasks (except
+those that are idle from RCU's perspective) and then Tasks Rude RCU can
+be removed from the kernel.
+
+The tasks-rude-RCU API is also reader-marking-free and thus quite compact,
+consisting solely of synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude().
+
+Tasks Trace RCU
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Some forms of tracing need to sleep in readers, but cannot tolerate
+SRCU's read-side overhead, which includes a full memory barrier in both
+srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock(). This need is handled by a
+Tasks Trace RCU that uses scheduler locking and IPIs to synchronize with
+readers. Real-time systems that cannot tolerate IPIs may build their
+kernels with ``CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU_READ_MB=y``, which avoids the IPIs at
+the expense of adding full memory barriers to the read-side primitives.
+
+The tasks-trace-RCU API is also reasonably compact,
+consisting of rcu_read_lock_trace(), rcu_read_unlock_trace(),
+rcu_read_lock_trace_held(), call_rcu_tasks_trace(),
+synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace(), and rcu_barrier_tasks_trace().
+
+Possible Future Changes
+-----------------------
+
+One of the tricks that RCU uses to attain update-side scalability is to
+increase grace-period latency with increasing numbers of CPUs. If this
+becomes a serious problem, it will be necessary to rework the
+grace-period state machine so as to avoid the need for the additional
+latency.
+
+RCU disables CPU hotplug in a few places, perhaps most notably in the
+rcu_barrier() operations. If there is a strong reason to use
+rcu_barrier() in CPU-hotplug notifiers, it will be necessary to
+avoid disabling CPU hotplug. This would introduce some complexity, so
+there had better be a *very* good reason.
+
+The tradeoff between grace-period latency on the one hand and
+interruptions of other CPUs on the other hand may need to be
+re-examined. The desire is of course for zero grace-period latency as
+well as zero interprocessor interrupts undertaken during an expedited
+grace period operation. While this ideal is unlikely to be achievable,
+it is quite possible that further improvements can be made.
+
+The multiprocessor implementations of RCU use a combining tree that
+groups CPUs so as to reduce lock contention and increase cache locality.
+However, this combining tree does not spread its memory across NUMA
+nodes nor does it align the CPU groups with hardware features such as
+sockets or cores. Such spreading and alignment is currently believed to
+be unnecessary because the hotpath read-side primitives do not access
+the combining tree, nor does call_rcu() in the common case. If you
+believe that your architecture needs such spreading and alignment, then
+your architecture should also benefit from the
+``rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf`` boot parameter, which can be set to the
+number of CPUs in a socket, NUMA node, or whatever. If the number of
+CPUs is too large, use a fraction of the number of CPUs. If the number
+of CPUs is a large prime number, well, that certainly is an
+“interesting†architectural choice! More flexible arrangements might be
+considered, but only if ``rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf`` has proven
+inadequate, and only if the inadequacy has been demonstrated by a
+carefully run and realistic system-level workload.
+
+Please note that arrangements that require RCU to remap CPU numbers will
+require extremely good demonstration of need and full exploration of
+alternatives.
+
+RCU's various kthreads are reasonably recent additions. It is quite
+likely that adjustments will be required to more gracefully handle
+extreme loads. It might also be necessary to be able to relate CPU
+utilization by RCU's kthreads and softirq handlers to the code that
+instigated this CPU utilization. For example, RCU callback overhead
+might be charged back to the originating call_rcu() instance, though
+probably not in production kernels.
+
+Additional work may be required to provide reasonable forward-progress
+guarantees under heavy load for grace periods and for callback
+invocation.
+
+Summary
+-------
+
+This document has presented more than two decade's worth of RCU
+requirements. Given that the requirements keep changing, this will not
+be the last word on this subject, but at least it serves to get an
+important subset of the requirements set forth.
+
+Acknowledgments
+---------------
+
+I am grateful to Steven Rostedt, Lai Jiangshan, Ingo Molnar, Oleg
+Nesterov, Borislav Petkov, Peter Zijlstra, Boqun Feng, and Andy
+Lutomirski for their help in rendering this article human readable, and
+to Michelle Rankin for her support of this effort. Other contributions
+are acknowledged in the Linux kernel's git archive.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.rst b/Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dff60a80b386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+.. _NMI_rcu_doc:
+
+Using RCU to Protect Dynamic NMI Handlers
+=========================================
+
+
+Although RCU is usually used to protect read-mostly data structures,
+it is possible to use RCU to provide dynamic non-maskable interrupt
+handlers, as well as dynamic irq handlers. This document describes
+how to do this, drawing loosely from Zwane Mwaikambo's NMI-timer
+work in an old version of "arch/x86/kernel/traps.c".
+
+The relevant pieces of code are listed below, each followed by a
+brief explanation::
+
+ static int dummy_nmi_callback(struct pt_regs *regs, int cpu)
+ {
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+The dummy_nmi_callback() function is a "dummy" NMI handler that does
+nothing, but returns zero, thus saying that it did nothing, allowing
+the NMI handler to take the default machine-specific action::
+
+ static nmi_callback_t nmi_callback = dummy_nmi_callback;
+
+This nmi_callback variable is a global function pointer to the current
+NMI handler::
+
+ void do_nmi(struct pt_regs * regs, long error_code)
+ {
+ int cpu;
+
+ nmi_enter();
+
+ cpu = smp_processor_id();
+ ++nmi_count(cpu);
+
+ if (!rcu_dereference_sched(nmi_callback)(regs, cpu))
+ default_do_nmi(regs);
+
+ nmi_exit();
+ }
+
+The do_nmi() function processes each NMI. It first disables preemption
+in the same way that a hardware irq would, then increments the per-CPU
+count of NMIs. It then invokes the NMI handler stored in the nmi_callback
+function pointer. If this handler returns zero, do_nmi() invokes the
+default_do_nmi() function to handle a machine-specific NMI. Finally,
+preemption is restored.
+
+In theory, rcu_dereference_sched() is not needed, since this code runs
+only on i386, which in theory does not need rcu_dereference_sched()
+anyway. However, in practice it is a good documentation aid, particularly
+for anyone attempting to do something similar on Alpha or on systems
+with aggressive optimizing compilers.
+
+Quick Quiz:
+ Why might the rcu_dereference_sched() be necessary on Alpha, given that the code referenced by the pointer is read-only?
+
+:ref:`Answer to Quick Quiz <answer_quick_quiz_NMI>`
+
+Back to the discussion of NMI and RCU::
+
+ void set_nmi_callback(nmi_callback_t callback)
+ {
+ rcu_assign_pointer(nmi_callback, callback);
+ }
+
+The set_nmi_callback() function registers an NMI handler. Note that any
+data that is to be used by the callback must be initialized up -before-
+the call to set_nmi_callback(). On architectures that do not order
+writes, the rcu_assign_pointer() ensures that the NMI handler sees the
+initialized values::
+
+ void unset_nmi_callback(void)
+ {
+ rcu_assign_pointer(nmi_callback, dummy_nmi_callback);
+ }
+
+This function unregisters an NMI handler, restoring the original
+dummy_nmi_handler(). However, there may well be an NMI handler
+currently executing on some other CPU. We therefore cannot free
+up any data structures used by the old NMI handler until execution
+of it completes on all other CPUs.
+
+One way to accomplish this is via synchronize_rcu(), perhaps as
+follows::
+
+ unset_nmi_callback();
+ synchronize_rcu();
+ kfree(my_nmi_data);
+
+This works because (as of v4.20) synchronize_rcu() blocks until all
+CPUs complete any preemption-disabled segments of code that they were
+executing.
+Since NMI handlers disable preemption, synchronize_rcu() is guaranteed
+not to return until all ongoing NMI handlers exit. It is therefore safe
+to free up the handler's data as soon as synchronize_rcu() returns.
+
+Important note: for this to work, the architecture in question must
+invoke nmi_enter() and nmi_exit() on NMI entry and exit, respectively.
+
+.. _answer_quick_quiz_NMI:
+
+Answer to Quick Quiz:
+ Why might the rcu_dereference_sched() be necessary on Alpha, given that the code referenced by the pointer is read-only?
+
+ The caller to set_nmi_callback() might well have
+ initialized some data that is to be used by the new NMI
+ handler. In this case, the rcu_dereference_sched() would
+ be needed, because otherwise a CPU that received an NMI
+ just after the new handler was set might see the pointer
+ to the new NMI handler, but the old pre-initialized
+ version of the handler's data.
+
+ This same sad story can happen on other CPUs when using
+ a compiler with aggressive pointer-value speculation
+ optimizations. (But please don't!)
+
+ More important, the rcu_dereference_sched() makes it
+ clear to someone reading the code that the pointer is
+ being protected by RCU-sched.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.txt b/Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index a6d32e65d222..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-Using RCU to Protect Dynamic NMI Handlers
-
-
-Although RCU is usually used to protect read-mostly data structures,
-it is possible to use RCU to provide dynamic non-maskable interrupt
-handlers, as well as dynamic irq handlers. This document describes
-how to do this, drawing loosely from Zwane Mwaikambo's NMI-timer
-work in "arch/i386/oprofile/nmi_timer_int.c" and in
-"arch/i386/kernel/traps.c".
-
-The relevant pieces of code are listed below, each followed by a
-brief explanation.
-
- static int dummy_nmi_callback(struct pt_regs *regs, int cpu)
- {
- return 0;
- }
-
-The dummy_nmi_callback() function is a "dummy" NMI handler that does
-nothing, but returns zero, thus saying that it did nothing, allowing
-the NMI handler to take the default machine-specific action.
-
- static nmi_callback_t nmi_callback = dummy_nmi_callback;
-
-This nmi_callback variable is a global function pointer to the current
-NMI handler.
-
- void do_nmi(struct pt_regs * regs, long error_code)
- {
- int cpu;
-
- nmi_enter();
-
- cpu = smp_processor_id();
- ++nmi_count(cpu);
-
- if (!rcu_dereference(nmi_callback)(regs, cpu))
- default_do_nmi(regs);
-
- nmi_exit();
- }
-
-The do_nmi() function processes each NMI. It first disables preemption
-in the same way that a hardware irq would, then increments the per-CPU
-count of NMIs. It then invokes the NMI handler stored in the nmi_callback
-function pointer. If this handler returns zero, do_nmi() invokes the
-default_do_nmi() function to handle a machine-specific NMI. Finally,
-preemption is restored.
-
-Strictly speaking, rcu_dereference() is not needed, since this code runs
-only on i386, which does not need rcu_dereference() anyway. However,
-it is a good documentation aid, particularly for anyone attempting to
-do something similar on Alpha.
-
-Quick Quiz: Why might the rcu_dereference() be necessary on Alpha,
- given that the code referenced by the pointer is read-only?
-
-
-Back to the discussion of NMI and RCU...
-
- void set_nmi_callback(nmi_callback_t callback)
- {
- rcu_assign_pointer(nmi_callback, callback);
- }
-
-The set_nmi_callback() function registers an NMI handler. Note that any
-data that is to be used by the callback must be initialized up -before-
-the call to set_nmi_callback(). On architectures that do not order
-writes, the rcu_assign_pointer() ensures that the NMI handler sees the
-initialized values.
-
- void unset_nmi_callback(void)
- {
- rcu_assign_pointer(nmi_callback, dummy_nmi_callback);
- }
-
-This function unregisters an NMI handler, restoring the original
-dummy_nmi_handler(). However, there may well be an NMI handler
-currently executing on some other CPU. We therefore cannot free
-up any data structures used by the old NMI handler until execution
-of it completes on all other CPUs.
-
-One way to accomplish this is via synchronize_sched(), perhaps as
-follows:
-
- unset_nmi_callback();
- synchronize_sched();
- kfree(my_nmi_data);
-
-This works because synchronize_sched() blocks until all CPUs complete
-any preemption-disabled segments of code that they were executing.
-Since NMI handlers disable preemption, synchronize_sched() is guaranteed
-not to return until all ongoing NMI handlers exit. It is therefore safe
-to free up the handler's data as soon as synchronize_sched() returns.
-
-Important note: for this to work, the architecture in question must
-invoke irq_enter() and irq_exit() on NMI entry and exit, respectively.
-
-
-Answer to Quick Quiz
-
- Why might the rcu_dereference() be necessary on Alpha, given
- that the code referenced by the pointer is read-only?
-
- Answer: The caller to set_nmi_callback() might well have
- initialized some data that is to be used by the
- new NMI handler. In this case, the rcu_dereference()
- would be needed, because otherwise a CPU that received
- an NMI just after the new handler was set might see
- the pointer to the new NMI handler, but the old
- pre-initialized version of the handler's data.
-
- More important, the rcu_dereference() makes it clear
- to someone reading the code that the pointer is being
- protected by RCU.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt b/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt
index 9f711d2df91b..8d4e8de4c460 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-Read the F-ing Papers!
+Read the Fscking Papers!
This document describes RCU-related publications, and is followed by
the corresponding bibtex entries. A number of the publications may
-be found at http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/.
+be found at http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/. For others, browsers
+and search engines will usually find what you are looking for.
The first thing resembling RCU was published in 1980, when Kung and Lehman
[Kung80] recommended use of a garbage collector to defer destruction
@@ -25,10 +26,18 @@ to be referencing the data structure. However, this mechanism was not
optimized for modern computer systems, which is not surprising given
that these overheads were not so expensive in the mid-80s. Nonetheless,
passive serialization appears to be the first deferred-destruction
-mechanism to be used in production. Furthermore, the relevant patent has
-lapsed, so this approach may be used in non-GPL software, if desired.
-(In contrast, use of RCU is permitted only in software licensed under
-GPL. Sorry!!!)
+mechanism to be used in production. Furthermore, the relevant patent
+has lapsed, so this approach may be used in non-GPL software, if desired.
+(In contrast, implementation of RCU is permitted only in software licensed
+under either GPL or LGPL. Sorry!!!)
+
+In 1987, Rashid et al. described lazy TLB-flush [RichardRashid87a].
+At first glance, this has nothing to do with RCU, but nevertheless
+this paper helped inspire the update-side batching used in the later
+RCU implementation in DYNIX/ptx. In 1988, Barbara Liskov published
+a description of Argus that noted that use of out-of-date values can
+be tolerated in some situations. Thus, this paper provides some early
+theoretical justification for use of stale data.
In 1990, Pugh [Pugh90] noted that explicitly tracking which threads
were reading a given data structure permitted deferred free to operate
@@ -38,13 +47,13 @@ in read-mostly situations. This algorithm does take pains to avoid
write-side contention and parallelize the other write-side overheads by
providing a fine-grained locking design, however, it would be interesting
to see how much of the performance advantage reported in 1990 remains
-in 2004.
+today.
-At about this same time, Adams [Adams91] described ``chaotic relaxation'',
-where the normal barriers between successive iterations of convergent
-numerical algorithms are relaxed, so that iteration $n$ might use
-data from iteration $n-1$ or even $n-2$. This introduces error,
-which typically slows convergence and thus increases the number of
+At about this same time, Andrews [Andrews91textbook] described ``chaotic
+relaxation'', where the normal barriers between successive iterations
+of convergent numerical algorithms are relaxed, so that iteration $n$
+might use data from iteration $n-1$ or even $n-2$. This introduces
+error, which typically slows convergence and thus increases the number of
iterations required. However, this increase is sometimes more than made
up for by a reduction in the number of expensive barrier operations,
which are otherwise required to synchronize the threads at the end
@@ -54,7 +63,8 @@ is thus inapplicable to most data structures in operating-system kernels.
In 1992, Henry (now Alexia) Massalin completed a dissertation advising
parallel programmers to defer processing when feasible to simplify
-synchronization. RCU makes extremely heavy use of this advice.
+synchronization [HMassalinPhD]. RCU makes extremely heavy use of
+this advice.
In 1993, Jacobson [Jacobson93] verbally described what is perhaps the
simplest deferred-free technique: simply waiting a fixed amount of time
@@ -85,28 +95,33 @@ DYNIX/ptx kernel. The corresponding conference paper appeared in 1998
[McKenney98].
In 1999, the Tornado and K42 groups described their "generations"
-mechanism, which quite similar to RCU [Gamsa99]. These operating systems
-made pervasive use of RCU in place of "existence locks", which greatly
-simplifies locking hierarchies.
+mechanism, which is quite similar to RCU [Gamsa99]. These operating
+systems made pervasive use of RCU in place of "existence locks", which
+greatly simplifies locking hierarchies and helps avoid deadlocks.
-2001 saw the first RCU presentation involving Linux [McKenney01a]
-at OLS. The resulting abundance of RCU patches was presented the
-following year [McKenney02a], and use of RCU in dcache was first
-described that same year [Linder02a].
+The year 2000 saw an email exchange that would likely have
+led to yet another independent invention of something like RCU
+[RustyRussell2000a,RustyRussell2000b]. Instead, 2001 saw the first
+RCU presentation involving Linux [McKenney01a] at OLS. The resulting
+abundance of RCU patches was presented the following year [McKenney02a],
+and use of RCU in dcache was first described that same year [Linder02a].
Also in 2002, Michael [Michael02b,Michael02a] presented "hazard-pointer"
techniques that defer the destruction of data structures to simplify
non-blocking synchronization (wait-free synchronization, lock-free
synchronization, and obstruction-free synchronization are all examples of
-non-blocking synchronization). In particular, this technique eliminates
-locking, reduces contention, reduces memory latency for readers, and
-parallelizes pipeline stalls and memory latency for writers. However,
-these techniques still impose significant read-side overhead in the
-form of memory barriers. Researchers at Sun worked along similar lines
-in the same timeframe [HerlihyLM02]. These techniques can be thought
-of as inside-out reference counts, where the count is represented by the
-number of hazard pointers referencing a given data structure (rather than
-the more conventional counter field within the data structure itself).
+non-blocking synchronization). The corresponding journal article appeared
+in 2004 [MagedMichael04a]. This technique eliminates locking, reduces
+contention, reduces memory latency for readers, and parallelizes pipeline
+stalls and memory latency for writers. However, these techniques still
+impose significant read-side overhead in the form of memory barriers.
+Researchers at Sun worked along similar lines in the same timeframe
+[HerlihyLM02]. These techniques can be thought of as inside-out reference
+counts, where the count is represented by the number of hazard pointers
+referencing a given data structure rather than the more conventional
+counter field within the data structure itself. The key advantage
+of inside-out reference counts is that they can be stored in immortal
+variables, thus allowing races between access and deletion to be avoided.
By the same token, RCU can be thought of as a "bulk reference count",
where some form of reference counter covers all reference by a given CPU
@@ -119,8 +134,10 @@ can be thought of in other terms as well.
In 2003, the K42 group described how RCU could be used to create
hot-pluggable implementations of operating-system functions [Appavoo03a].
-Later that year saw a paper describing an RCU implementation of System
-V IPC [Arcangeli03], and an introduction to RCU in Linux Journal
+Later that year saw a paper describing an RCU implementation
+of System V IPC [Arcangeli03] (following up on a suggestion by
+Hugh Dickins [Dickins02a] and an implementation by Mingming Cao
+[MingmingCao2002IPCRCU]), and an introduction to RCU in Linux Journal
[McKenney03a].
2004 has seen a Linux-Journal article on use of RCU in dcache
@@ -150,17 +167,73 @@ preemptible RCU [PaulEMcKenney2007PreemptibleRCU], and the three-part
LWN "What is RCU?" series [PaulEMcKenney2007WhatIsRCUFundamentally,
PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUUsage, and PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUAPI].
+2008 saw a journal paper on real-time RCU [DinakarGuniguntala2008IBMSysJ],
+a history of how Linux changed RCU more than RCU changed Linux
+[PaulEMcKenney2008RCUOSR], and a design overview of hierarchical RCU
+[PaulEMcKenney2008HierarchicalRCU].
+
+2009 introduced user-level RCU algorithms [PaulEMcKenney2009MaliciousURCU],
+which Mathieu Desnoyers is now maintaining [MathieuDesnoyers2009URCU]
+[MathieuDesnoyersPhD]. TINY_RCU [PaulEMcKenney2009BloatWatchRCU] made
+its appearance, as did expedited RCU [PaulEMcKenney2009expeditedRCU].
+The problem of resizable RCU-protected hash tables may now be on a path
+to a solution [JoshTriplett2009RPHash]. A few academic researchers are now
+using RCU to solve their parallel problems [HariKannan2009DynamicAnalysisRCU].
+
+2010 produced a simpler preemptible-RCU implementation
+based on TREE_RCU [PaulEMcKenney2010SimpleOptRCU], lockdep-RCU
+[PaulEMcKenney2010LockdepRCU], another resizable RCU-protected hash
+table [HerbertXu2010RCUResizeHash] (this one consuming more memory,
+but allowing arbitrary changes in hash function, as required for DoS
+avoidance in the networking code), realization of the 2009 RCU-protected
+hash table with atomic node move [JoshTriplett2010RPHash], an update on
+the RCU API [PaulEMcKenney2010RCUAPI].
+
+2011 marked the inclusion of Nick Piggin's fully lockless dentry search
+[LinusTorvalds2011Linux2:6:38:rc1:NPigginVFS], an RCU-protected red-black
+tree using software transactional memory to protect concurrent updates
+(strange, but true!) [PhilHoward2011RCUTMRBTree], yet another variant of
+RCU-protected resizable hash tables [Triplett:2011:RPHash], the 3.0 RCU
+trainwreck [PaulEMcKenney2011RCU3.0trainwreck], and Neil Brown's "Meet the
+Lockers" LWN article [NeilBrown2011MeetTheLockers]. Some academic
+work looked at debugging uses of RCU [Seyster:2011:RFA:2075416.2075425].
+
+In 2012, Josh Triplett received his Ph.D. with his dissertation
+covering RCU-protected resizable hash tables and the relationship
+between memory barriers and read-side traversal order: If the updater
+is making changes in the opposite direction from the read-side traversal
+order, the updater need only execute a memory-barrier instruction,
+but if in the same direction, the updater needs to wait for a grace
+period between the individual updates [JoshTriplettPhD]. Also in 2012,
+after seventeen years of attempts, an RCU paper made it into a top-flight
+academic journal, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
+[MathieuDesnoyers2012URCU]. A group of researchers in Spain applied
+user-level RCU to crowd simulation [GuillermoVigueras2012RCUCrowd], and
+another group of researchers in Europe produced a formal description of
+RCU based on separation logic [AlexeyGotsman2012VerifyGraceExtended],
+which was published in the 2013 European Symposium on Programming
+[AlexeyGotsman2013ESOPRCU].
+
+
+
Bibtex Entries
@article{Kung80
,author="H. T. Kung and Q. Lehman"
-,title="Concurrent Maintenance of Binary Search Trees"
+,title="Concurrent Manipulation of Binary Search Trees"
,Year="1980"
,Month="September"
,journal="ACM Transactions on Database Systems"
,volume="5"
,number="3"
,pages="354-382"
+,annotation={
+ Use garbage collector to clean up data after everyone is done with it.
+ .
+ Oldest use of something vaguely resembling RCU that I have found.
+ http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=320619&dl=GUIDE,
+ [Viewed December 3, 2007]
+}
}
@techreport{Manber82
@@ -172,6 +245,31 @@ Bibtex Entries
,number="82-01-01"
,month="January"
,pages="28"
+,annotation={
+ .
+ Superseded by Manber84.
+ .
+ Describes concurrent AVL tree implementation. Uses a
+ garbage-collection mechanism to handle concurrent use and deletion
+ of nodes in the tree, but lacks the summary-of-execution-history
+ concept of read-copy locking.
+ .
+ Keeps full list of processes that were active when a given
+ node was to be deleted, and waits until all such processes have
+ -terminated- before allowing this node to be reused. This is
+ not described in great detail -- one could imagine using process
+ IDs for this if the ID space was large enough that overlapping
+ never occurred.
+ .
+ This restriction makes this algorithm unsuitable for use in
+ systems comprised of long-lived processes. It also produces
+ completely unacceptable overhead in systems with large numbers
+ of processes. Finally, it is specific to AVL trees.
+ .
+ Cites Kung80, so not an independent invention, but the first
+ RCU-like usage that does not rely on an automatic garbage
+ collector.
+}
}
@article{Manber84
@@ -183,6 +281,74 @@ Bibtex Entries
,volume="9"
,number="3"
,pages="439-455"
+,annotation={
+ Describes concurrent AVL tree implementation. Uses a
+ garbage-collection mechanism to handle concurrent use and deletion
+ of nodes in the tree, but lacks the summary-of-execution-history
+ concept of read-copy locking.
+ .
+ Keeps full list of processes that were active when a given
+ node was to be deleted, and waits until all such processes have
+ -terminated- before allowing this node to be reused. This is
+ not described in great detail -- one could imagine using process
+ IDs for this if the ID space was large enough that overlapping
+ never occurred.
+ .
+ This restriction makes this algorithm unsuitable for use in
+ systems comprised of long-lived processes. It also produces
+ completely unacceptable overhead in systems with large numbers
+ of processes. Finally, it is specific to AVL trees.
+}
+}
+
+@Conference{RichardRashid87a
+,Author="Richard Rashid and Avadis Tevanian and Michael Young and
+David Golub and Robert Baron and David Black and William Bolosky and
+Jonathan Chew"
+,Title="Machine-Independent Virtual Memory Management for Paged
+Uniprocessor and Multiprocessor Architectures"
+,Booktitle="{2\textsuperscript{nd} Symposium on Architectural Support
+for Programming Languages and Operating Systems}"
+,Publisher="Association for Computing Machinery"
+,Month="October"
+,Year="1987"
+,pages="31-39"
+,Address="Palo Alto, CA"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/~randal/221/rashid-machvm.pdf}
+[Viewed February 17, 2005]"
+,annotation={
+ Describes lazy TLB flush, where one waits for each CPU to pass
+ through a scheduling-clock interrupt before reusing a given range
+ of virtual address. Does not describe how one determines that
+ all CPUs have in fact taken such an interrupt, though there are
+ no shortage of straightforward methods for accomplishing this.
+ .
+ Note that it does not make sense to just wait a fixed amount of
+ time, since a given CPU might have interrupts disabled for an
+ extended amount of time.
+}
+}
+
+@article{BarbaraLiskov1988ArgusCACM
+,author = {Barbara Liskov}
+,title = {Distributed programming in {Argus}}
+,journal = {Commun. ACM}
+,volume = {31}
+,number = {3}
+,year = {1988}
+,issn = {0001-0782}
+,pages = {300--312}
+,doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/42392.42399}
+,publisher = {ACM}
+,address = {New York, NY, USA}
+,annotation={
+ At the top of page 307: "Conflicts with deposits and withdrawals
+ are necessary if the reported total is to be up to date. They
+ could be avoided by having total return a sum that is slightly
+ out of date." Relies on semantics -- approximate numerical
+ values sometimes OK.
+}
}
@techreport{Hennessy89
@@ -204,13 +370,30 @@ Bibtex Entries
,year="1990"
,number="CS-TR-2222.1"
,month="June"
+,annotation={
+ Concurrent access to skip lists. Has both weak and strong search.
+ Uses concept of ``garbage queue'', but has no real way of cleaning
+ the garbage efficiently.
+ .
+ Appears to be an independent invention of an RCU-like mechanism.
+}
}
-@Book{Adams91
-,Author="Gregory R. Adams"
+# Was Adams91, see also syncrefs.bib.
+@Book{Andrews91textbook
+,Author="Gregory R. Andrews"
,title="Concurrent Programming, Principles, and Practices"
,Publisher="Benjamin Cummins"
,Year="1991"
+,annotation={
+ Has a few paragraphs describing ``chaotic relaxation'', a
+ numerical analysis technique that allows multiprocessors to
+ avoid synchronization overhead by using possibly-stale data.
+ .
+ Seems like this is descended from yet another independent
+ invention of RCU-like function -- but this is restricted
+ in that reclamation is not necessary.
+}
}
@phdthesis{HMassalinPhD
@@ -220,11 +403,12 @@ System Services"
,school="Columbia University"
,address="New York, NY"
,year="1992"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
Mondo optimizing compiler.
Wait-free stuff.
- Good advice: defer work to avoid synchronization.
-"
+ Good advice: defer work to avoid synchronization. See page 90
+ (PDF page 106), Section 5.4, fourth bullet point.
+}
}
@unpublished{Jacobson93
@@ -232,7 +416,13 @@ System Services"
,title="Avoid Read-Side Locking Via Delayed Free"
,year="1993"
,month="September"
-,note="Verbal discussion"
+,note="private communication"
+,annotation={
+ Use fixed time delay to approximate grace period. Very simple,
+ but subject to random memory corruption under heavy load.
+ .
+ Independent invention of RCU-like mechanism.
+}
}
@Conference{AjuJohn95
@@ -244,41 +434,52 @@ System Services"
,Year="1995"
,pages="11-23"
,Address="New Orleans, LA"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/neworl/full_papers/john.a}
+[Viewed October 1, 2010]"
+,annotation={
+ Age vnodes out of the cache, and have a fixed time set by a kernel
+ parameter. Not clear that all races were in fact correctly handled.
+ Used a 20-minute time by default, which would most definitely not
+ be suitable during DoS attacks or virus scans.
+ .
+ Apparently independent invention of RCU-like mechanism.
+}
}
-@conference{Pu95a,
-Author = "Calton Pu and Tito Autrey and Andrew Black and Charles Consel and
+@conference{Pu95a
+,Author = "Calton Pu and Tito Autrey and Andrew Black and Charles Consel and
Crispin Cowan and Jon Inouye and Lakshmi Kethana and Jonathan Walpole and
-Ke Zhang",
-Title = "Optimistic Incremental Specialization: Streamlining a Commercial
-Operating System",
-Booktitle = "15\textsuperscript{th} ACM Symposium on
-Operating Systems Principles (SOSP'95)",
-address = "Copper Mountain, CO",
-month="December",
-year="1995",
-pages="314-321",
-annotation="
+Ke Zhang"
+,Title = "Optimistic Incremental Specialization: Streamlining a Commercial
+,Operating System"
+,Booktitle = "15\textsuperscript{th} ACM Symposium on
+,Operating Systems Principles (SOSP'95)"
+,address = "Copper Mountain, CO"
+,month="December"
+,year="1995"
+,pages="314-321"
+,annotation={
Uses a replugger, but with a flag to signal when people are
using the resource at hand. Only one reader at a time.
-"
-}
-
-@conference{Cowan96a,
-Author = "Crispin Cowan and Tito Autrey and Charles Krasic and
-Calton Pu and Jonathan Walpole",
-Title = "Fast Concurrent Dynamic Linking for an Adaptive Operating System",
-Booktitle = "International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems
-(ICCDS'96)",
-address = "Annapolis, MD",
-month="May",
-year="1996",
-pages="108",
-isbn="0-8186-7395-8",
-annotation="
+}
+}
+
+@conference{Cowan96a
+,Author = "Crispin Cowan and Tito Autrey and Charles Krasic and
+,Calton Pu and Jonathan Walpole"
+,Title = "Fast Concurrent Dynamic Linking for an Adaptive Operating System"
+,Booktitle = "International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems
+(ICCDS'96)"
+,address = "Annapolis, MD"
+,month="May"
+,year="1996"
+,pages="108"
+,isbn="0-8186-7395-8"
+,annotation={
Uses a replugger, but with a counter to signal when people are
using the resource at hand. Allows multiple readers.
-"
+}
}
@techreport{Slingwine95
@@ -289,31 +490,47 @@ Utilizing Execution History and Thread Monitoring"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="1995"
-,number="US Patent 5,442,758 (contributed under GPL)"
+,number="US Patent 5,442,758"
,month="August"
+,annotation={
+ Describes the parallel RCU infrastructure. Includes NUMA aspect
+ (structure of bitmap can reflect bus structure of computer system).
+ .
+ Another independent invention of an RCU-like mechanism, but the
+ "real" RCU this time!
+}
}
@techreport{Slingwine97
,author="John D. Slingwine and Paul E. McKenney"
-,title="Method for maintaining data coherency using thread
-activity summaries in a multicomputer system"
+,title="Method for Maintaining Data Coherency Using Thread Activity
+Summaries in a Multicomputer System"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="1997"
-,number="US Patent 5,608,893 (contributed under GPL)"
+,number="US Patent 5,608,893"
,month="March"
+,pages="19"
+,annotation={
+ Describes use of RCU to synchronize data between a pair of
+ SMP/NUMA computer systems.
+}
}
@techreport{Slingwine98
,author="John D. Slingwine and Paul E. McKenney"
-,title="Apparatus and method for achieving reduced overhead
-mutual exclusion and maintaining coherency in a multiprocessor
-system utilizing execution history and thread monitoring"
+,title="Apparatus and Method for Achieving Reduced Overhead Mutual
+Exclusion and Maintaining Coherency in a Multiprocessor System
+Utilizing Execution History and Thread Monitoring"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="1998"
-,number="US Patent 5,727,209 (contributed under GPL)"
+,number="US Patent 5,727,209"
,month="March"
+,annotation={
+ Describes doing an atomic update by copying the data item and
+ then substituting it into the data structure.
+}
}
@Conference{McKenney98
@@ -325,6 +542,14 @@ Problems"
,Year="1998"
,pages="509-518"
,Address="Las Vegas, NV"
+,annotation={
+ Describes and analyzes RCU mechanism in DYNIX/ptx. Describes
+ application to linked list update and log-buffer flushing.
+ Defines 'quiescent state'. Includes both measured and analytic
+ evaluation.
+ http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/rclockpdcsproof.pdf
+ [Viewed December 3, 2007]
+}
}
@Conference{Gamsa99
@@ -337,18 +562,75 @@ Operating System Design and Implementation}"
,Year="1999"
,pages="87-100"
,Address="New Orleans, LA"
+,annotation={
+ Use of RCU-like facility in K42/Tornado. Another independent
+ invention of RCU.
+ See especially pages 7-9 (Section 5).
+ http://www.usenix.org/events/osdi99/full_papers/gamsa/gamsa.pdf
+ [Viewed August 30, 2006]
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{RustyRussell2000a
+,Author="Rusty Russell"
+,Title="Re: modular net drivers"
+,month="June"
+,year="2000"
+,day="23"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://oss.sgi.com/projects/netdev/archive/2000-06/msg00250.html}
+[Viewed April 10, 2006]"
+,annotation={
+ Proto-RCU proposal from Phil Rumpf and Rusty Russell.
+ Yet another independent invention of RCU.
+ Outline of algorithm to unload modules...
+ .
+ Appeared on net-dev mailing list.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{RustyRussell2000b
+,Author="Rusty Russell"
+,Title="Re: modular net drivers"
+,month="June"
+,year="2000"
+,day="24"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://oss.sgi.com/projects/netdev/archive/2000-06/msg00254.html}
+[Viewed April 10, 2006]"
+,annotation={
+ Proto-RCU proposal from Phil Rumpf and Rusty Russell.
+ .
+ Appeared on net-dev mailing list.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{McKenney01b
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Dipankar Sarma"
+,Title="Read-Copy Update Mutual Exclusion in {Linux}"
+,month="February"
+,year="2001"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://lse.sourceforge.net/locking/rcu/rcupdate_doc.html}
+[Viewed October 18, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Prototypical Linux documentation for RCU.
+}
}
@techreport{Slingwine01
,author="John D. Slingwine and Paul E. McKenney"
-,title="Apparatus and method for achieving reduced overhead
-mutual exclusion and maintaining coherency in a multiprocessor
-system utilizing execution history and thread monitoring"
+,title="Apparatus and Method for Achieving Reduced Overhead Mutual
+Exclusion and Maintaining Coherency in a Multiprocessor System
+Utilizing Execution History and Thread Monitoring"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="2001"
-,number="US Patent 5,219,690 (contributed under GPL)"
+,number="US Patent 6,219,690"
,month="April"
+,annotation={
+ 'Change in mode' aspect of RCU. Can be thought of as a lazy barrier.
+}
}
@Conference{McKenney01a
@@ -359,13 +641,76 @@ Orran Krieger and Rusty Russell and Dipankar Sarma and Maneesh Soni"
,Month="July"
,Year="2001"
,note="Available:
-\url{http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2001/abstracts/readcopy.php}
-\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/rclock/rclock_OLS.2001.05.01c.pdf}
+\url{https://kernel.org/doc/ols/2001/read-copy.pdf}
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/rclock_OLS.2001.05.01c.pdf}
+[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Described RCU, and presented some patches implementing and using
+ it in the Linux kernel.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{McKenney01f
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{RFC:} patch to allow lock-free traversal of lists with insertion"
+,month="October"
+,year="2001"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=100259266316456&w=2}
+[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Memory-barrier and Alpha thread. 100 messages, not too bad...
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Spraul01
+,Author="Manfred Spraul"
+,Title="Re: {RFC:} patch to allow lock-free traversal of lists with insertion"
+,month="October"
+,year="2001"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=100264675012867&w=2}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
-annotation="
-Described RCU, and presented some patches implementing and using it in
-the Linux kernel.
-"
+,annotation={
+ Suggested burying memory barriers in Linux's list-manipulation
+ primitives.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{LinusTorvalds2001a
+,Author="Linus Torvalds"
+,Title="{Re:} {[Lse-tech]} {Re:} {RFC:} patch to allow lock-free traversal of lists with insertion"
+,month="October"
+,year="2001"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/Pine.LNX.4.33.0110131015410.8707-100000@penguin.transmeta.com}
+[Viewed August 21, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Blanchard02a
+,Author="Anton Blanchard"
+,Title="some RCU dcache and ratcache results"
+,month="March"
+,year="2002"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=101637107412972&w=2}
+[Viewed October 18, 2004]"
+}
+
+@conference{Michael02b
+,author="Maged M. Michael"
+,title="High Performance Dynamic Lock-Free Hash Tables and List-Based Sets"
+,Year="2002"
+,Month="August"
+,booktitle="{Proceedings of the 14\textsuperscript{th} Annual ACM
+Symposium on Parallel
+Algorithms and Architecture}"
+,pages="73-82"
+,annotation={
+Like the title says...
+}
}
@Conference{Linder02a
@@ -375,6 +720,10 @@ the Linux kernel.
,Month="June"
,Year="2002"
,pages="289-300"
+,annotation={
+ Measured scalability of Linux 2.4 kernel's directory-entry cache
+ (dcache), and measured some scalability enhancements.
+}
}
@Conference{McKenney02a
@@ -388,6 +737,36 @@ Andrea Arcangeli and Andi Kleen and Orran Krieger and Rusty Russell"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.linux.org.uk/~ajh/ols2002_proceedings.pdf.gz}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Presented and compared a number of RCU implementations for the
+ Linux kernel.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Sarma02a
+,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
+,Title="specweb99: dcache scalability results"
+,month="July"
+,year="2002"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=102645767914212&w=2}
+[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Compare fastwalk and RCU for dcache. RCU won.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Barbieri02
+,Author="Luca Barbieri"
+,Title="Re: {[PATCH]} Initial support for struct {vfs\_cred}"
+,month="August"
+,year="2002"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=103082050621241&w=2}
+[Viewed: June 23, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Suggested RCU for vfs\_shared\_cred.
+}
}
@conference{Michael02a
@@ -399,27 +778,21 @@ Reads and Writes"
,booktitle="{Proceedings of the 21\textsuperscript{st} Annual ACM
Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}"
,pages="21-30"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
Each thread keeps an array of pointers to items that it is
currently referencing. Sort of an inside-out garbage collection
mechanism, but one that requires the accessing code to explicitly
state its needs. Also requires read-side memory barriers on
most architectures.
-"
+}
}
-@conference{Michael02b
-,author="Maged M. Michael"
-,title="High Performance Dynamic Lock-Free Hash Tables and List-Based Sets"
-,Year="2002"
-,Month="August"
-,booktitle="{Proceedings of the 14\textsuperscript{th} Annual ACM
-Symposium on Parallel
-Algorithms and Architecture}"
-,pages="73-82"
-,annotation="
- Like the title says...
-"
+@unpublished{Dickins02a
+,author="Hugh Dickins"
+,title="Use RCU for System-V IPC"
+,year="2002"
+,month="October"
+,note="private communication"
}
@InProceedings{HerlihyLM02
@@ -433,6 +806,51 @@ Symposium on Distributed Computing}
,pages="339-353"
}
+@unpublished{Sarma02b
+,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
+,Title="Some dcache\_rcu benchmark numbers"
+,month="October"
+,year="2002"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=103462075416638&w=2}
+[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Performance of dcache RCU on kernbench for 16x NUMA-Q and 1x,
+ 2x, and 4x systems. RCU does no harm, and helps on 16x.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{MingmingCao2002IPCRCU
+,Author="Mingming Cao"
+,Title="[PATCH]updated ipc lock patch"
+,month="October"
+,year="2002"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/3DB86B05.447E7410@us.ibm.com}
+[Viewed February 15, 2014]"
+,annotation={
+ Mingming Cao's patch to introduce RCU to SysV IPC.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{LinusTorvalds2003a
+,Author="Linus Torvalds"
+,Title="Re: {[PATCH]} small fixes in brlock.h"
+,month="March"
+,year="2003"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/Pine.LNX.4.44.0303091831560.2129-100000@home.transmeta.com}
+[Viewed March 13, 2006]"
+,annotation={
+ Linus suggests replacing brlock with RCU and/or seqlocks:
+ .
+ 'It's entirely possible that the current user could be replaced
+ by RCU and/or seqlocks, and we could get rid of brlocks entirely.'
+ .
+ Stephen Hemminger responds by replacing them with RCU.
+}
+}
+
@article{Appavoo03a
,author="J. Appavoo and K. Hui and C. A. N. Soules and R. W. Wisniewski and
D. M. {Da Silva} and O. Krieger and M. A. Auslander and D. J. Edelsohn and
@@ -445,6 +863,20 @@ B. Rosenburg and M. Stumm and J. Xenidis"
,volume="42"
,number="1"
,pages="60-76"
+,annotation={
+ Use of RCU to enable hot-swapping for autonomic behavior in K42.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Seigh03
+,author="Joseph W. {Seigh II}"
+,title="Read Copy Update"
+,Year="2003"
+,Month="March"
+,note="email correspondence"
+,annotation={
+ Described the relationship of the VM/XA passive serialization to RCU.
+}
}
@Conference{Arcangeli03
@@ -458,6 +890,25 @@ Dipankar Sarma"
,year="2003"
,month="June"
,pages="297-310"
+,annotation={
+ Compared updated RCU implementations for the Linux kernel, and
+ described System V IPC use of RCU, including order-of-magnitude
+ performance improvements.
+ http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/rcu.FREENIX.2003.06.14.pdf
+}
+}
+
+@Conference{Soules03a
+,Author="Craig A. N. Soules and Jonathan Appavoo and Kevin Hui and
+Dilma {Da Silva} and Gregory R. Ganger and Orran Krieger and
+Michael Stumm and Robert W. Wisniewski and Marc Auslander and
+Michal Ostrowski and Bryan Rosenburg and Jimi Xenidis"
+,Title="System Support for Online Reconfiguration"
+,Booktitle="Proceedings of the 2003 USENIX Annual Technical Conference"
+,Publisher="USENIX Association"
+,year="2003"
+,month="June"
+,pages="141-154"
}
@article{McKenney03a
@@ -469,6 +920,24 @@ Dipankar Sarma"
,volume="1"
,number="114"
,pages="18-26"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6993}
+[Viewed November 14, 2007]"
+,annotation={
+ Reader-friendly intro to RCU, with the infamous old-man-and-brat
+ cartoon.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Sarma03a
+,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
+,Title="RCU low latency patches"
+,month="December"
+,year="2003"
+,note="Message ID: 20031222180114.GA2248@in.ibm.com"
+,annotation={
+ dipankar/ct.2004.03.27/RCUll.2003.12.22.patch
+}
}
@techreport{Friedberg03a
@@ -477,9 +946,14 @@ Dipankar Sarma"
,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
,address="Washington, DC"
,year="2003"
-,number="US Patent 6,662,184 (contributed under GPL)"
+,number="US Patent 6,662,184"
,month="December"
,pages="112"
+,annotation={
+ Applies RCU to a wildcard-search Patricia tree in order to permit
+ synchronization-free lookup. RCU is used to retain removed nodes
+ for a grace period before freeing them.
+}
}
@article{McKenney04a
@@ -491,6 +965,11 @@ Dipankar Sarma"
,volume="1"
,number="118"
,pages="38-46"
+,annotation={
+ Reader friendly intro to dcache and RCU.
+ http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/7124
+ [Viewed December 26, 2010]
+}
}
@Conference{McKenney04b
@@ -502,8 +981,106 @@ Dipankar Sarma"
,Address="Adelaide, Australia"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.linux.org.au/conf/2004/abstracts.html#90}
-\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/rclock/lockperf.2004.01.17a.pdf}
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/lockperf.2004.01.17a.pdf}
+[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Compares performance of RCU to that of other locking primitives
+ over a number of CPUs (x86, Opteron, Itanium, and PPC).
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Sarma04a
+,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
+,Title="{[PATCH]} {RCU} for low latency (experimental)"
+,month="March"
+,year="2004"
+,note="\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108003746402892&w=2}"
+,annotation={
+ Head of thread: dipankar/2004.03.23/rcu-low-lat.1.patch
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Sarma04b
+,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
+,Title="Re: {[PATCH]} {RCU} for low latency (experimental)"
+,month="March"
+,year="2004"
+,note="\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108016474829546&w=2}"
+,annotation={
+ dipankar/rcuth.2004.03.24/rcu-throttle.patch
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Spraul04a
+,Author="Manfred Spraul"
+,Title="[RFC] 0/5 rcu lock update"
+,month="May"
+,year="2004"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108546407726602&w=2}
[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Hierarchical-bitmap patch for RCU infrastructure.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Steiner04a
+,Author="Jack Steiner"
+,Title="Re: [Lse-tech] [RFC, PATCH] 1/5 rcu lock update:
+Add per-cpu batch counter"
+,month="May"
+,year="2004"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108551764515332&w=2}
+[Viewed June 23, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ RCU runs reasonably on a 512-CPU SGI using Manfred Spraul's patches,
+ which may be found at:
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/40AC9823.6020709@colorfullife.com (split vars into cachelines)
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/Pine.LNX.4.44.0405222141260.11106-100000@dbl.q-ag.de (cpu_quiet() patch)
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/200405250535.i4P5ZJo8017583@dbl.q-ag.de (0/5)
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/200405250535.i4P5ZKAQ017591@dbl.q-ag.de (1/5)
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/20040525203215.GB5127@sgi.com (works for Jack)
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/200405250535.i4P5ZLiR017599@dbl.q-ag.de (2/5)
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/200405250535.i4P5ZMFt017607@dbl.q-ag.de (3/5)
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/200405250535.i4P5ZN6g017615@dbl.q-ag.de (4/5)
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/200405250535.i4P5ZO7I017623@dbl.q-ag.de (5/5)
+}
+}
+
+@Conference{Sarma04c
+,Author="Dipankar Sarma and Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Making {RCU} Safe for Deep Sub-Millisecond Response
+Realtime Applications"
+,Booktitle="Proceedings of the 2004 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
+(FREENIX Track)"
+,Publisher="USENIX Association"
+,year="2004"
+,month="June"
+,pages="182-191"
+,annotation={
+ Describes and compares a number of modifications to the Linux RCU
+ implementation that make it friendly to realtime applications.
+ https://www.usenix.org/conference/2004-usenix-annual-technical-conference/making-rcu-safe-deep-sub-millisecond-response
+ [Viewed July 26, 2012]
+}
+}
+
+@article{MagedMichael04a
+,author="Maged M. Michael"
+,title="Hazard Pointers: Safe Memory Reclamation for Lock-Free Objects"
+,Year="2004"
+,Month="June"
+,journal="IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"
+,volume="15"
+,number="6"
+,pages="491-504"
+,url="Available:
+\url{http://www.research.ibm.com/people/m/michael/ieeetpds-2004.pdf}
+[Viewed March 1, 2005]"
+,annotation={
+ New canonical hazard-pointer citation.
+}
}
@phdthesis{PaulEdwardMcKenneyPhD
@@ -514,20 +1091,120 @@ in Operating System Kernels"
,school="OGI School of Science and Engineering at
Oregon Health and Sciences University"
,year="2004"
+,annotation={
+ Describes RCU implementations and presents design patterns
+ corresponding to common uses of RCU in several operating-system
+ kernels.
+ http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/RCUdissertation.2004.07.14e1.pdf
+ [Viewed October 15, 2004]
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2004rcu:dereference
+,Author="Dipankar Sarma"
+,Title="{Re: RCU : Abstracted RCU dereferencing [5/5]}"
+,month="August"
+,year="2004"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20040807192424.GF3936@in.ibm.com}
+[Viewed June 8, 2010]"
+,annotation={
+ Introduce rcu_dereference().
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{JimHouston04a
+,Author="Jim Houston"
+,Title="{[RFC\&PATCH] Alternative {RCU} implementation}"
+,month="August"
+,year="2004"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/1093873222.984.12.camel@new.localdomain}
+[Viewed February 17, 2005]"
+,annotation={
+ Uses active code in rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() to
+ make RCU happen, allowing RCU to function on CPUs that do not
+ receive a scheduling-clock interrupt.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{TomHart04a
+,Author="Thomas E. Hart"
+,Title="Master's Thesis: Applying Lock-free Techniques to the {Linux} Kernel"
+,month="October"
+,year="2004"
,note="Available:
-\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/RCUdissertation.2004.07.14e1.pdf}
+\url{http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~tomhart/masters_thesis.html}
[Viewed October 15, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Proposes comparing RCU to lock-free methods for the Linux kernel.
+}
}
-@Conference{Sarma04c
-,Author="Dipankar Sarma and Paul E. McKenney"
-,Title="Making RCU Safe for Deep Sub-Millisecond Response Realtime Applications"
-,Booktitle="Proceedings of the 2004 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
-(FREENIX Track)"
-,Publisher="USENIX Association"
+@unpublished{Vaddagiri04a
+,Author="Srivatsa Vaddagiri"
+,Title="Subject: [RFC] Use RCU for tcp\_ehash lookup"
+,month="October"
,year="2004"
-,month="June"
-,pages="182-191"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=109395731700004&r=1&w=2}
+[Viewed October 18, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Srivatsa's RCU patch for tcp_ehash lookup.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Thirumalai04a
+,Author="Ravikiran Thirumalai"
+,Title="Subject: [patchset] Lockfree fd lookup 0 of 5"
+,month="October"
+,year="2004"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=109144217400003&r=1&w=2}
+[Viewed October 18, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Ravikiran's lockfree FD patch.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{Thirumalai04b
+,Author="Ravikiran Thirumalai"
+,Title="Subject: Re: [patchset] Lockfree fd lookup 0 of 5"
+,month="October"
+,year="2004"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=109152521410459&w=2}
+[Viewed October 18, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ Ravikiran's lockfree FD patch.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2004rcu:assign:pointer
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{[PATCH 1/3] RCU: \url{rcu_assign_pointer()} removal of memory barriers}"
+,month="October"
+,year="2004"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20041023202723.GA1930@us.ibm.com}
+[Viewed June 8, 2010]"
+,annotation={
+ Introduce rcu_assign_pointer().
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{JamesMorris04a
+,Author="James Morris"
+,Title="{[PATCH 2/3] SELinux} scalability - convert {AVC} to {RCU}"
+,day="15"
+,month="November"
+,year="2004"
+,note="\url{http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110054979416004&w=2}"
+,annotation={
+ James Morris posts Kaigai Kohei's patch to LKML.
+ [Viewed December 10, 2004]
+ Kaigai's patch is at https://lore.kernel.org/r/200409271057.i8RAvcA1007873@mailsv.bs1.fc.nec.co.jp
+}
}
@unpublished{JamesMorris04b
@@ -538,6 +1215,85 @@ Oregon Health and Sciences University"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.livejournal.com/users/james_morris/2153.html}
[Viewed December 10, 2004]"
+,annotation={
+ RCU helps SELinux performance. ;-) Made LWN.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2005RCUSemantics
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole"
+,Title="{RCU} Semantics: A First Attempt"
+,month="January"
+,year="2005"
+,day="30"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/rcu-semantics.2005.01.30a.pdf}
+[Viewed December 6, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ Early derivation of RCU semantics.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2005e
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Real-Time Preemption and {RCU}"
+,month="March"
+,year="2005"
+,day="17"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20050318002026.GA2693@us.ibm.com}
+[Viewed September 5, 2005]"
+,annotation={
+ First posting showing how RCU can be safely adapted for
+ preemptible RCU read side critical sections.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{EsbenNeilsen2005a
+,Author="Esben Neilsen"
+,Title="Re: Real-Time Preemption and {RCU}"
+,month="March"
+,year="2005"
+,day="18"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/Pine.OSF.4.05.10503181336310.2466-100000@da410.phys.au.dk}
+[Viewed March 30, 2006]"
+,annotation={
+ Esben Neilsen suggests read-side suppression of grace-period
+ processing for crude-but-workable realtime RCU. The downside
+ is indefinite grace periods... But this is OK for experimentation
+ and testing.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{TomHart05a
+,Author="Thomas E. Hart and Paul E. McKenney and Angela Demke Brown"
+,Title="Efficient Memory Reclamation is Necessary for Fast Lock-Free
+Data Structures"
+,month="March"
+,year="2005"
+,note="Available:
+\url{ftp://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/csrg-technical-reports/515/}
+[Viewed March 4, 2005]"
+,annotation={
+ Comparison of RCU, QBSR, and EBSR. RCU wins for read-mostly
+ workloads. ;-)
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{JonCorbet2005DeprecateSyncKernel
+,Author="Jonathan Corbet"
+,Title="API change: synchronize_kernel() deprecated"
+,month="May"
+,day="3"
+,year="2005"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/134484/}
+[Viewed May 3, 2005]"
+,annotation={
+ Jon Corbet describes deprecation of synchronize_kernel()
+ in favor of synchronize_rcu() and synchronize_sched().
+}
}
@unpublished{PaulMcKenney05a
@@ -546,17 +1302,17 @@ Oregon Health and Sciences University"
,month="May"
,year="2005"
,note="Available:
-\url{http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/5/9/185}
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20050510012444.GA3011@us.ibm.com}
[Viewed May 13, 2005]"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
First publication of working lock-based deferred free patches
for the CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT environment.
-"
+}
}
@conference{PaulMcKenney05b
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Dipankar Sarma"
-,Title="Towards Hard Realtime Response from the Linux Kernel on SMP Hardware"
+,Title="Towards Hard Realtime Response from the {Linux} Kernel on {SMP} Hardware"
,Booktitle="linux.conf.au 2005"
,month="April"
,year="2005"
@@ -564,9 +1320,122 @@ Oregon Health and Sciences University"
,note="Available:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/realtimeRCU.2005.04.23a.pdf}
[Viewed May 13, 2005]"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
Realtime turns into making RCU yet more realtime friendly.
-"
+ http://lca2005.linux.org.au/Papers/Paul%20McKenney/Towards%20Hard%20Realtime%20Response%20from%20the%20Linux%20Kernel/LKS.2005.04.22a.pdf
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenneyHomePage
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{Paul} {E.} {McKenney}"
+,month="May"
+,year="2005"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/}
+[Viewed May 25, 2005]"
+,annotation={
+ Paul McKenney's home page.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenneyRCUPage
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Read-Copy Update {(RCU)}"
+,month="May"
+,year="2005"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU}
+[Viewed May 25, 2005]"
+,annotation={
+ Paul McKenney's RCU page.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{JosephSeigh2005a
+,Author="Joseph Seigh"
+,Title="{RCU}+{SMR} (hazard pointers)"
+,month="July"
+,year="2005"
+,note="Personal communication"
+,annotation={
+ Joe Seigh announcing his atomic-ptr-plus project.
+ http://sourceforge.net/projects/atomic-ptr-plus/
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{JosephSeigh2005b
+,Author="Joseph Seigh"
+,Title="Lock-free synchronization primitives"
+,month="July"
+,day="6"
+,year="2005"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/atomic-ptr-plus/}
+[Viewed August 8, 2005]"
+,annotation={
+ Joe Seigh's atomic-ptr-plus project.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2005c
+,Author="Paul E.McKenney"
+,Title="{[RFC,PATCH] RCU} and {CONFIG\_PREEMPT\_RT} sane patch"
+,month="August"
+,day="1"
+,year="2005"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20050801171137.GA1754@us.ibm.com}
+[Viewed March 14, 2006]"
+,annotation={
+ First operating counter-based realtime RCU patch posted to LKML.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2005d
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Re: [Fwd: Re: [patch] Real-Time Preemption, -RT-2.6.13-rc4-V0.7.52-01]"
+,month="August"
+,day="8"
+,year="2005"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20050808144216.GA1307@us.ibm.com}
+[Viewed March 14, 2006]"
+,annotation={
+ First operating counter-based realtime RCU patch posted to LKML,
+ but fixed so that various unusual combinations of configuration
+ parameters all function properly.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2005rcutorture
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{[PATCH]} {RCU} torture testing"
+,month="October"
+,day="1"
+,year="2005"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20051001182056.GA1613@us.ibm.com}
+[Viewed March 14, 2006]"
+,annotation={
+ First rcutorture patch.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{DavidSMiller2006HashedLocking
+,Author="David S. Miller"
+,Title="Re: [{PATCH}, {RFC}] {RCU} : {OOM} avoidance and lower latency"
+,month="January"
+,day="6"
+,year="2006"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20060106.231054.43576567.davem@davemloft.net}
+[Viewed February 29, 2012]"
+,annotation={
+ David Miller's view on hashed arrays of locks: used to really
+ like it, but time he saw an opportunity for this technique,
+ something else always proved superior. Partitioning or RCU. ;-)
+}
}
@conference{ThomasEHart2006a
@@ -579,27 +1448,74 @@ Distributed Processing Symposium"
,year="2006"
,day="25-29"
,address="Rhodes, Greece"
-,annotation="
- Compares QSBR (AKA "classic RCU"), HPBR, EBR, and lock-free
- reference counting.
-"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/hart_ipdps06.pdf}
+[Viewed April 28, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ Compares QSBR, HPBR, EBR, and lock-free reference counting.
+ http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~tomhart/perflab/ipdps06.tgz
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{NickPiggin2006radixtree
+,Author="Nick Piggin"
+,Title="[patch 3/3] radix-tree: {RCU} lockless readside"
+,month="June"
+,day="20"
+,year="2006"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20060408134707.22479.33814.sendpatchset@linux.site}
+[Viewed March 25, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ RCU-protected radix tree.
+}
}
@Conference{PaulEMcKenney2006b
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Dipankar Sarma and Ingo Molnar and
Suparna Bhattacharya"
-,Title="Extending RCU for Realtime and Embedded Workloads"
+,Title="Extending {RCU} for Realtime and Embedded Workloads"
,Booktitle="{Ottawa Linux Symposium}"
,Month="July"
,Year="2006"
,pages="v2 123-138"
,note="Available:
-\url{http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2006/view_abstract.php?content_key=184}
+\url{https://kernel.org/doc/ols/2006/ols2006v2-pages-131-146.pdf}
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/OLSrtRCU.2006.08.11a.pdf}
[Viewed January 1, 2007]"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
Described how to improve the -rt implementation of realtime RCU.
-"
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{WikipediaRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Chris Purcell and Algae and Ben Schumin and
+Gaius Cornelius and Qwertyus and Neil Conway and Sbw and Blainster and
+Canis Rufus and Zoicon5 and Anome and Hal Eisen"
+,Title="Read-Copy Update"
+,month="July"
+,day="8"
+,year="2006"
+,note="\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-copy-update}"
+,annotation={
+ Wikipedia RCU page as of July 8 2006.
+ [Viewed August 21, 2006]
+}
+}
+
+@Conference{NickPiggin2006LocklessPageCache
+,Author="Nick Piggin"
+,Title="A Lockless Pagecache in Linux---Introduction, Progress, Performance"
+,Booktitle="{Ottawa Linux Symposium}"
+,Month="July"
+,Year="2006"
+,pages="v2 249-254"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://kernel.org/doc/ols/2006/ols2006v2-pages-249-262.pdf}
+[Viewed January 11, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ Uses RCU-protected radix tree for a lockless page cache.
+}
}
@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2006c
@@ -613,9 +1529,9 @@ Suparna Bhattacharya"
Revised:
\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/srcu.2007.01.14a.pdf}
[Viewed August 21, 2006]"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
LWN article introducing SRCU.
-"
+}
}
@unpublished{RobertOlsson2006a
@@ -624,40 +1540,357 @@ Revised:
,month="August"
,day="18"
,year="2006"
+,note="\url{http://www.nada.kth.se/~snilsson/publications/TRASH/trash.pdf}"
+,annotation={
+ RCU-protected dynamic trie-hash combination.
+ [Viewed March 4, 2011]
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{ChristophHellwig2006RCU2SRCU
+,Author="Christoph Hellwig"
+,Title="Re: {[-mm PATCH 1/4]} {RCU}: split classic rcu"
+,month="September"
+,day="28"
+,year="2006"
,note="Available:
-\url{http://www.nada.kth.se/~snilsson/public/papers/trash/trash.pdf}
-[Viewed February 24, 2007]"
-,annotation="
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20060928142616.GA20185@infradead.org}
+[Viewed March 27, 2008]"
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenneyRCUusagePage
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{RCU} {Linux} Usage"
+,month="October"
+,year="2006"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/linuxusage.html}
+[Viewed January 14, 2007]"
+,annotation={
+ Paul McKenney's RCU page showing graphs plotting Linux-kernel
+ usage of RCU.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenneyRCUusageRawDataPage
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Read-Copy Update {(RCU)} Usage in {Linux} Kernel"
+,month="October"
+,year="2006"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/linuxusage/rculocktab.html}
+[Viewed January 14, 2007]"
+,annotation={
+ Paul McKenney's RCU page showing Linux usage of RCU in tabular
+ form, with links to corresponding cscope databases.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{GauthamShenoy2006RCUrwlock
+,Author="Gautham R. Shenoy"
+,Title="[PATCH 4/5] lock\_cpu\_hotplug: Redesign - Lightweight implementation of lock\_cpu\_hotplug"
+,month="October"
+,year="2006"
+,day=26
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20061026105731.GE11803@in.ibm.com}
+[Viewed January 26, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ RCU-based reader-writer lock that allows readers to proceed with
+ no memory barriers or atomic instruction in absence of writers.
+ If writer do show up, readers must of course wait as required by
+ the semantics of reader-writer locking. This is a recursive
+ lock.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{JensAxboe2006SlowSRCU
+,Author="Jens Axboe"
+,Title="Re: [patch] cpufreq: mark \url{cpufreq_tsc()} as
+\url{core_initcall_sync}"
+,month="November"
+,year="2006"
+,day=17
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20061117092925.GT7164@kernel.dk}
+[Viewed May 28, 2007]"
+,annotation={
+ SRCU's grace periods are too slow for Jens, even after a
+ factor-of-three speedup.
+ Sped-up version of SRCU at https://lore.kernel.org/r/20061118002845.GF2632@us.ibm.com.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{OlegNesterov2006QRCU
+,Author="Oleg Nesterov"
+,Title="Re: [patch] cpufreq: mark {\tt cpufreq\_tsc()} as
+{\tt core\_initcall\_sync}"
+,month="November"
+,year="2006"
+,day=19
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20061119190027.GA3676@oleg}
+[Viewed May 28, 2007]"
+,annotation={
+ First cut of QRCU. Expanded/corrected versions followed.
+ Used to be OlegNesterov2007QRCU, now time-corrected.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{OlegNesterov2006aQRCU
+,Author="Oleg Nesterov"
+,Title="Re: [RFC, PATCH 1/2] qrcu: {"quick"} srcu implementation"
+,month="November"
+,year="2006"
+,day=30
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20061130015714.GC1350@oleg}
+[Viewed November 26, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ Expanded/corrected version of QRCU.
+ Used to be OlegNesterov2007aQRCU, now time-corrected.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{EvgeniyPolyakov2006RCUslowdown
+,Author="Evgeniy Polyakov"
+,Title="Badness in postponing work"
+,month="December"
+,year="2006"
+,day=05
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.ioremap.net/node/41}
+[Viewed October 28, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ Using RCU as a pure delay leads to a 2.5x slowdown in skbs in
+ the Linux kernel.
+}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ChrisMatthews2006ClusteredObjectsRCU
+,author = {Matthews, Chris and Coady, Yvonne and Appavoo, Jonathan}
+,title = {Portability events: a programming model for scalable system infrastructures}
+,booktitle = {PLOS '06: Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on Programming languages and operating systems}
+,year = {2006}
+,isbn = {1-59593-577-0}
+,pages = {11}
+,location = {San Jose, California}
+,doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1215995.1216006}
+,publisher = {ACM}
+,address = {New York, NY, USA}
+,annotation={
+ Uses K42's RCU-like functionality to manage clustered-object
+ lifetimes.
+}
+}
+
+@article{DilmaDaSilva2006K42
+,author = {Silva, Dilma Da and Krieger, Orran and Wisniewski, Robert W. and Waterland, Amos and Tam, David and Baumann, Andrew}
+,title = {K42: an infrastructure for operating system research}
+,journal = {SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev.}
+,volume = {40}
+,number = {2}
+,year = {2006}
+,issn = {0163-5980}
+,pages = {34--42}
+,doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1131322.1131333}
+,publisher = {ACM}
+,address = {New York, NY, USA}
+,annotation={
+ Describes relationship of K42 generations to RCU.
+}
+}
+
+# CoreyMinyard2007list_splice_rcu
+@unpublished{CoreyMinyard2007list:splice:rcu
+,Author="Corey Minyard and Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{[PATCH]} add an {RCU} version of list splicing"
+,month="January"
+,year="2007"
+,day=3
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20070103152738.GA16063@localdomain}
+[Viewed May 28, 2007]"
+,annotation={
+ Patch for list_splice_rcu().
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007rcubarrier
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{RCU} and Unloadable Modules"
+,month="January"
+,day="14"
+,year="2007"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/217484/}
+[Viewed November 22, 2007]"
+,annotation={
+ LWN article introducing the rcu_barrier() primitive.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PeterZijlstra2007SyncBarrier
+,Author="Peter Zijlstra and Ingo Molnar"
+,Title="{[PATCH 3/7]} barrier: a scalable synchonisation barrier"
+,month="January"
+,year="2007"
+,day=28
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20070128120509.719287000@programming.kicks-ass.net}
+[Viewed March 27, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ RCU-like implementation for frequent updaters and rare readers(!).
+ Subsumed into QRCU. Maybe...
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007BoostRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Priority-Boosting {RCU} Read-Side Critical Sections"
+,month="February"
+,day="5"
+,year="2007"
+,note="\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/220677/}"
+,annotation={
+ LWN article introducing RCU priority boosting.
+ Revised:
+ http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/RCUbooststate.2007.04.16a.pdf
+ [Viewed September 7, 2007]
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2007QRCUpatch
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{[PATCH]} {QRCU} with lockless fastpath"
+,month="February"
+,year="2007"
+,day=24
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20070225062349.GA17468@linux.vnet.ibm.com}
+[Viewed March 27, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ Patch for QRCU supplying lock-free fast path.
+}
+}
+
+@article{JonathanAppavoo2007K42RCU
+,author = {Appavoo, Jonathan and Silva, Dilma Da and Krieger, Orran and Auslander, Marc and Ostrowski, Michal and Rosenburg, Bryan and Waterland, Amos and Wisniewski, Robert W. and Xenidis, Jimi and Stumm, Michael and Soares, Livio}
+,title = {Experience distributing objects in an SMMP OS}
+,journal = {ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.}
+,volume = {25}
+,number = {3}
+,year = {2007}
+,issn = {0734-2071}
+,pages = {6/1--6/52}
+,doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1275517.1275518}
+,publisher = {ACM}
+,address = {New York, NY, USA}
+,annotation={
+ Role of RCU in K42.
+}
+}
+
+@conference{RobertOlsson2007Trash
+,Author="Robert Olsson and Stefan Nilsson"
+,Title="{TRASH}: A dynamic {LC}-trie and hash data structure"
+,booktitle="Workshop on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR'07)"
+,month="May"
+,year="2007"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=4281239}
+[Viewed October 1, 2010]"
+,annotation={
RCU-protected dynamic trie-hash combination.
-"
+}
}
-@unpublished{ThomasEHart2007a
-,Author="Thomas E. Hart and Paul E. McKenney and Angela Demke Brown and Jonathan Walpole"
-,Title="Performance of memory reclamation for lockless synchronization"
-,journal="J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."
+@conference{PeterZijlstra2007ConcurrentPagecacheRCU
+,Author="Peter Zijlstra"
+,Title="Concurrent Pagecache"
+,Booktitle="Linux Symposium"
+,month="June"
,year="2007"
-,note="To appear in J. Parallel Distrib. Comput.
- \url{doi=10.1016/j.jpdc.2007.04.010}"
+,address="Ottawa, Canada"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://ols.108.redhat.com/2007/Reprints/zijlstra-Reprint.pdf}
+[Viewed April 14, 2008]"
,annotation={
- Compares QSBR (AKA "classic RCU"), HPBR, EBR, and lock-free
- reference counting. Journal version of ThomasEHart2006a.
+ Page-cache modifications permitting RCU readers and concurrent
+ updates.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007whatisRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="What is {RCU}?"
+,year="2007"
+,month="07"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/whatisRCU.html}
+[Viewed July 6, 2007]"
+,annotation={
+ Describes RCU in Linux kernel.
}
}
@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007QRCUspin
,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
-,Title="Using Promela and Spin to verify parallel algorithms"
+,Title="Using {Promela} and {Spin} to verify parallel algorithms"
,month="August"
,day="1"
,year="2007"
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/243851/}
[Viewed September 8, 2007]"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
LWN article describing Promela and spin, and also using Oleg
Nesterov's QRCU as an example (with Paul McKenney's fastpath).
-"
+ Merged patch at: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20070225062349.GA17468@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007WG21DDOatomics
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Hans-J. Boehm and Lawrence Crowl"
+,Title="C++ Data-Dependency Ordering: Atomics and Memory Model"
+,month="August"
+,day="3"
+,year="2007"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2664.htm}
+[Viewed December 7, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ RCU for C++, parts 1 and 2.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007WG21DDOannotation
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Lawrence Crowl"
+,Title="C++ Data-Dependency Ordering: Function Annotation"
+,month="September"
+,day="18"
+,year="2008"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2782.htm}
+[Viewed December 7, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ RCU for C++, part 2, updated many times.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007PreemptibleRCUPatch
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="[PATCH RFC 0/9] {RCU}: Preemptible {RCU}"
+,month="September"
+,day="10"
+,year="2007"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20070910183004.GA3299@linux.vnet.ibm.com}
+[Viewed October 25, 2007]"
+,annotation={
+ Final patch for preemptible RCU to -rt. (Later patches were
+ to mainline, eventually incorporated.)
+}
}
@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007PreemptibleRCU
@@ -669,15 +1902,52 @@ Revised:
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/253651/}
[Viewed October 25, 2007]"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
LWN article describing the design of preemptible RCU.
-"
}
+}
+
+@article{ThomasEHart2007a
+,Author="Thomas E. Hart and Paul E. McKenney and Angela Demke Brown and Jonathan Walpole"
+,Title="Performance of memory reclamation for lockless synchronization"
+,journal="J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."
+,volume={67}
+,number="12"
+,year="2007"
+,issn="0743-7315"
+,pages="1270--1285"
+,doi="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2007.04.010"
+,publisher="Academic Press, Inc."
+,address="Orlando, FL, USA"
+,annotation={
+ Compares QSBR, HPBR, EBR, and lock-free reference counting.
+ Journal version of ThomasEHart2006a.
+}
+}
+
+# MathieuDesnoyers2007call_rcu_schedNeeded
+@unpublished{MathieuDesnoyers2007call:rcu:schedNeeded
+,Author="Mathieu Desnoyers"
+,Title="Re: [patch 1/2] {Linux} Kernel Markers - Support Multiple Probes"
+,month="December"
+,day="20"
+,year="2007"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20071220142540.GB22523@Krystal}
+[Viewed March 27, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ Request for call_rcu_sched() and rcu_barrier_sched().
+}
+}
+
########################################################################
#
# "What is RCU?" LWN series.
#
+# http://lwn.net/Articles/262464/ (What is RCU, Fundamentally?)
+# http://lwn.net/Articles/263130/ (What is RCU's Usage?)
+# http://lwn.net/Articles/264090/ (What is RCU's API?)
@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007WhatIsRCUFundamentally
,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole"
@@ -688,11 +1958,11 @@ Revised:
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/262464/}
[Viewed December 27, 2007]"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
Lays out the three basic components of RCU: (1) publish-subscribe,
(2) wait for pre-existing readers to complete, and (2) maintain
multiple versions.
-"
+}
}
@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUUsage
@@ -704,15 +1974,15 @@ Revised:
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/263130/}
[Viewed January 4, 2008]"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
Lays out six uses of RCU:
1. RCU is a Reader-Writer Lock Replacement
2. RCU is a Restricted Reference-Counting Mechanism
3. RCU is a Bulk Reference-Counting Mechanism
4. RCU is a Poor Man's Garbage Collector
5. RCU is a Way of Providing Existence Guarantees
- 6. RCU is a Way of Waiting for Things to Finish
-"
+ 6. RCU is a Way of Waiting for Things to Finish
+}
}
@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUAPI
@@ -724,22 +1994,819 @@ Revised:
,note="Available:
\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/264090/}
[Viewed January 10, 2008]"
-,annotation="
+,annotation={
Gives an overview of the Linux-kernel RCU API and a brief annotated RCU
bibliography.
-"
+}
+}
+
+#
+# "What is RCU?" LWN series.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+
+@unpublished{SteveRostedt2008dyntickRCUpatch
+,Author="Steven Rostedt and Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{[PATCH]} add support for dynamic ticks and preempt rcu"
+,month="January"
+,day="29"
+,year="2008"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/Pine.LNX.4.58.0801291113350.20371@gandalf.stny.rr.com}
+[Viewed March 27, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ Patch that prevents preemptible RCU from unnecessarily waking
+ up dynticks-idle CPUs.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008LKMLDependencyOrdering
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Re: [PATCH 02/22 -v7] Add basic support for gcc profiler instrumentation"
+,month="February"
+,day="1"
+,year="2008"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20080202214124.GA28612@linux.vnet.ibm.com}
+[Viewed October 18, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ Explanation of compilers violating dependency ordering.
+}
+}
+
+@Conference{PaulEMcKenney2008Beijing
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Introducing Technology Into {Linux} Or:
+Introducing your technology Into {Linux} will require introducing a
+lot of {Linux} into your technology!!!"
+,Booktitle="2008 Linux Developer Symposium - China"
+,Publisher="OSS China"
+,Month="February"
+,Year="2008"
+,Address="Beijing, China"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/TechIntroLinux.2008.02.19a.pdf}
+[Viewed August 12, 2008]"
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008dynticksRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Steven Rostedt"
+,Title="Integrating and Validating dynticks and Preemptable RCU"
+,month="April"
+,day="24"
+,year="2008"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/279077/}
+[Viewed April 24, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ Describes use of Promela and Spin to validate (and fix!) the
+ dynticks/RCU interface.
+}
}
@article{DinakarGuniguntala2008IBMSysJ
,author="D. Guniguntala and P. E. McKenney and J. Triplett and J. Walpole"
,title="The read-copy-update mechanism for supporting real-time applications on shared-memory multiprocessor systems with {Linux}"
,Year="2008"
-,Month="April"
+,Month="May"
,journal="IBM Systems Journal"
,volume="47"
,number="2"
-,pages="@@-@@"
-,annotation="
+,pages="221-236"
+,annotation={
RCU, realtime RCU, sleepable RCU, performance.
-"
+ http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/472/guniguntala.pdf
+ [Viewed April 24, 2008]
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{LaiJiangshan2008NewClassicAlgorithm
+,Author="Lai Jiangshan"
+,Title="[{RFC}][{PATCH}] rcu classic: new algorithm for callbacks-processing"
+,month="June"
+,day="3"
+,year="2008"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/4844BE83.5010401@cn.fujitsu.com}
+[Viewed December 10, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ Updated RCU classic algorithm. Introduced multi-tailed list
+ for RCU callbacks and also pulling common code into
+ __call_rcu().
+}
+}
+
+@article{PaulEMcKenney2008RCUOSR
+,author="Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole"
+,title="Introducing technology into the {Linux} kernel: a case study"
+,Year="2008"
+,journal="SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev."
+,volume="42"
+,number="5"
+,pages="4--17"
+,issn="0163-5980"
+,doi={http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1400097.1400099}
+,publisher="ACM"
+,address="New York, NY, USA"
+,annotation={
+ Linux changed RCU to a far greater degree than RCU has changed Linux.
+ http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1400097.1400099
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{ManfredSpraul2008StateMachineRCU
+,Author="Manfred Spraul"
+,Title="[{RFC}, {PATCH}] state machine based rcu"
+,month="August"
+,day="21"
+,year="2008"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/48AD8969.7060900@colorfullife.com}
+[Viewed December 8, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ State-based RCU. One key thing that this patch does is to
+ separate the dynticks handling of NMIs and IRQs.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{ManfredSpraul2008dyntickIRQNMI
+,Author="Manfred Spraul"
+,Title="Re: [{RFC}, {PATCH}] v4 scalable classic {RCU} implementation"
+,month="September"
+,day="6"
+,year="2008"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/48C2B1D2.5070801@colorfullife.com}
+[Viewed December 8, 2008]"
+,annotation={
+ Manfred notes a fix required to my attempt to separate irq
+ and NMI processing for hierarchical RCU's dynticks interface.
+}
+}
+
+# Was PaulEMcKenney2011cyclicRCU
+@techreport{PaulEMcKenney2008cyclicRCU
+,author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,title="Efficient Support of Consistent Cyclic Search With Read-Copy Update"
+,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
+,address="Washington, DC"
+,year="2008"
+,number="US Patent 7,426,511"
+,month="September"
+,pages="23"
+,annotation={
+ Maintains an additional level of indirection to allow
+ readers to confine themselves to the desired snapshot of the
+ data structure. Only permits one update at a time.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008HierarchicalRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Hierarchical {RCU}"
+,month="November"
+,day="3"
+,year="2008"
+,note="\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/305782/}"
+,annotation={
+ RCU with combining-tree-based grace-period detection,
+ permitting it to handle thousands of CPUs.
+ [Viewed November 6, 2008]
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2009BloatwatchRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Re: [PATCH fyi] RCU: the bloatwatch edition"
+,month="January"
+,day="14"
+,year="2009"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20090114202044.GJ6734@linux.vnet.ibm.com}
+[Viewed January 15, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ Small-footprint implementation of RCU for uniprocessor
+ embedded applications -- and also for exposition purposes.
+}
+}
+
+@conference{PaulEMcKenney2009MaliciousURCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Using a Malicious User-Level {RCU} to Torture {RCU}-Based Algorithms"
+,Booktitle="linux.conf.au 2009"
+,month="January"
+,year="2009"
+,address="Hobart, Australia"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/urcutorture.2009.01.22a.pdf}
+[Viewed February 2, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ Realtime RCU and torture-testing RCU uses.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{MathieuDesnoyers2009URCU
+,Author="Mathieu Desnoyers"
+,Title="[{RFC} git tree] Userspace {RCU} (urcu) for {Linux}"
+,month="February"
+,day="5"
+,year="2009"
+,note="\url{http://lttng.org/urcu}"
+,annotation={
+ Mathieu Desnoyers's user-space RCU implementation.
+ git://lttng.org/userspace-rcu.git
+ http://lttng.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=userspace-rcu.git
+ http://lttng.org/urcu
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/20090206030543.GB8560@Krystal
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2009LWNBloatWatchRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{RCU}: The {Bloatwatch} Edition"
+,month="March"
+,day="17"
+,year="2009"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/323929/}
+[Viewed March 20, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ Uniprocessor assumptions allow simplified RCU implementation.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{EvgeniyPolyakov2009EllipticsNetwork
+,Author="Evgeniy Polyakov"
+,Title="The Elliptics Network"
+,month="April"
+,day="17"
+,year="2009"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.ioremap.net/projects/elliptics}
+[Viewed April 30, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ Distributed hash table with transactions, using elliptic
+ hash functions to distribute data.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2009expeditedRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="[{PATCH} -tip 0/3] expedited 'big hammer' {RCU} grace periods"
+,month="June"
+,day="25"
+,year="2009"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20090625160706.GA9467@linux.vnet.ibm.com}
+[Viewed August 16, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ First posting of expedited RCU to be accepted into -tip.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2009fastRTRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="[{PATCH} {RFC} -tip 0/4] {RCU} cleanups and simplified preemptable {RCU}"
+,month="July"
+,day="23"
+,year="2009"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20090724001429.GA17374@linux.vnet.ibm.com}
+[Viewed August 15, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ First posting of simple and fast preemptible RCU.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{JoshTriplett2009RPHash
+,Author="Josh Triplett"
+,Title="Scalable concurrent hash tables via relativistic programming"
+,month="September"
+,year="2009"
+,note="Linux Plumbers Conference presentation"
+,annotation={
+ RP fun with hash tables.
+ Superseded by JoshTriplett2010RPHash
+}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{MathieuDesnoyersPhD
+, title = "Low-Impact Operating System Tracing"
+, author = "Mathieu Desnoyers"
+, school = "Ecole Polytechnique de Montr\'{e}al"
+, month = "December"
+, year = 2009
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.lttng.org/pub/thesis/desnoyers-dissertation-2009-12.pdf}
+[Viewed December 9, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ Chapter 6 (page 97) covers user-level RCU.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{RelativisticProgrammingWiki
+,Author="Josh Triplett and Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole"
+,Title="Relativistic Programming"
+,month="September"
+,year="2009"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://wiki.cs.pdx.edu/rp/}
+[Viewed December 9, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ Main Relativistic Programming Wiki.
+}
+}
+
+@conference{PaulEMcKenney2009DeterministicRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Deterministic Synchronization in Multicore Systems: the Role of {RCU}"
+,Booktitle="Eleventh Real Time Linux Workshop"
+,month="September"
+,year="2009"
+,address="Dresden, Germany"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/realtime/paper/DetSyncRCU.2009.08.18a.pdf}
+[Viewed January 14, 2009]"
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2009HuntingHeisenbugs
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Hunting Heisenbugs"
+,month="November"
+,year="2009"
+,day="1"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://paulmck.livejournal.com/14639.html}
+[Viewed June 4, 2010]"
+,annotation={
+ Day-one bug in Tree RCU that took forever to track down.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{MathieuDesnoyers2009defer:rcu
+,Author="Mathieu Desnoyers"
+,Title="Kernel RCU: shrink the size of the struct rcu\_head"
+,month="December"
+,year="2009"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/20091018232918.GA7385@Krystal}
+[Viewed December 29, 2009]"
+,annotation={
+ Mathieu proposed defer_rcu() with fixed-size per-thread pool
+ of RCU callbacks.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{MathieuDesnoyers2009VerifPrePub
+,Author="Mathieu Desnoyers and Paul E. McKenney and Michel R. Dagenais"
+,Title="Multi-Core Systems Modeling for Formal Verification of Parallel Algorithms"
+,month="December"
+,year="2009"
+,note="Submitted to IEEE TPDS"
+,annotation={
+ OOMem model for Mathieu's user-level RCU mechanical proof of
+ correctness.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{MathieuDesnoyers2009URCUPrePub
+,Author="Mathieu Desnoyers and Paul E. McKenney and Alan Stern and Michel R. Dagenais and Jonathan Walpole"
+,Title="User-Level Implementations of Read-Copy Update"
+,month="December"
+,year="2010"
+,url={\url{http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2012/02/ttd2012020375-abs.html}}
+,annotation={
+ RCU overview, desiderata, semi-formal semantics, user-level RCU
+ usage scenarios, three classes of RCU implementation, wait-free
+ RCU updates, RCU grace-period batching, update overhead,
+ http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/urcu-main-accepted.2011.08.30a.pdf
+ http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/urcu-supp-accepted.2011.08.30a.pdf
+ Superseded by MathieuDesnoyers2012URCU.
+}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{HariKannan2009DynamicAnalysisRCU
+,author = {Kannan, Hari}
+,title = {Ordering decoupled metadata accesses in multiprocessors}
+,booktitle = {MICRO 42: Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture}
+,year = {2009}
+,isbn = {978-1-60558-798-1}
+,pages = {381--390}
+,location = {New York, New York}
+,doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1669112.1669161}
+,publisher = {ACM}
+,address = {New York, NY, USA}
+,annotation={
+ Uses RCU to protect metadata used in dynamic analysis.
+}
+}
+
+@conference{PaulEMcKenney2010SimpleOptRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Simplicity Through Optimization"
+,Booktitle="linux.conf.au 2010"
+,month="January"
+,year="2010"
+,address="Wellington, New Zealand"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/SimplicityThruOptimization.2010.01.21f.pdf}
+[Viewed October 10, 2010]"
+,annotation={
+ TREE_PREEMPT_RCU optimizations greatly simplified the old
+ PREEMPT_RCU implementation.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2010LockdepRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Lockdep-{RCU}"
+,month="February"
+,year="2010"
+,day="1"
+,note="\url{https://lwn.net/Articles/371986/}"
+,annotation={
+ CONFIG_PROVE_RCU, or at least an early version.
+ [Viewed June 4, 2010]
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{AviKivity2010KVM2RCU
+,Author="Avi Kivity"
+,Title="[{PATCH} 37/40] {KVM}: Bump maximum vcpu count to 64"
+,month="February"
+,year="2010"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.mail-archive.com/kvm@vger.kernel.org/msg28640.html}
+[Viewed March 20, 2010]"
+,annotation={
+ Use of RCU permits KVM to increase the size of guest OSes from
+ 16 CPUs to 64 CPUs.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{HerbertXu2010RCUResizeHash
+,Author="Herbert Xu"
+,Title="bridge: Add core IGMP snooping support"
+,month="February"
+,year="2010"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.network/153338}
+[Viewed June 9, 2014]"
+,annotation={
+ Use a pair of list_head structures to support RCU-protected
+ resizable hash tables.
+}
+}
+
+@mastersthesis{AbhinavDuggal2010Masters
+,author="Abhinav Duggal"
+,title="Stopping Data Races Using Redflag"
+,school="Stony Brook University"
+,year="2010"
+,annotation={
+ Data-race detector incorporating RCU.
+ http://www.filesystems.org/docs/abhinav-thesis/abhinav_thesis.pdf
+}
+}
+
+@article{JoshTriplett2010RPHash
+,author="Josh Triplett and Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole"
+,title="Scalable Concurrent Hash Tables via Relativistic Programming"
+,journal="ACM Operating Systems Review"
+,year=2010
+,volume=44
+,number=3
+,month="July"
+,annotation={
+ RP fun with hash tables.
+ http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1842733.1842750
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2010RCUAPI
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="The {RCU} {API}, 2010 Edition"
+,month="December"
+,day="8"
+,year="2010"
+,note="\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/418853/}"
+,annotation={
+ Includes updated software-engineering features.
+ [Viewed December 8, 2010]
+}
+}
+
+@mastersthesis{AndrejPodzimek2010masters
+,author="Andrej Podzimek"
+,title="Read-Copy-Update for OpenSolaris"
+,school="Charles University in Prague"
+,year="2010"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://andrej.podzimek.org/thesis.pdf}
+[Viewed January 31, 2011]"
+,annotation={
+ Reviews RCU implementations and creates a few for OpenSolaris.
+ Drives quiescent-state detection from RCU read-side primitives,
+ in a manner roughly similar to that of Jim Houston.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{LinusTorvalds2011Linux2:6:38:rc1:NPigginVFS
+,Author="Linus Torvalds"
+,Title="Linux 2.6.38-rc1"
+,month="January"
+,year="2011"
+,note="Available:
+\url{https://lore.kernel.org/r/AANLkTimajU0x1v6y3rH2+jr-bZ=tNLs1S_agXdGGAa3S@mail.gmail.com}
+[Viewed March 4, 2011]"
+,annotation={
+ "The RCU-based name lookup is at the other end of the spectrum - the
+ absolute anti-gimmick. It's some seriously good stuff, and gets rid of
+ the last main global lock that really tends to hurt some kernel loads.
+ The dentry lock is no longer a big serializing issue. What's really
+ nice about it is that it actually improves performance a lot even for
+ single-threaded loads (on an SMP kernel), because it gets rid of some
+ of the most expensive parts of path component lookup, which was the
+ d_lock on every component lookup. So I'm seeing improvements of 30-50%
+ on some seriously pathname-lookup intensive loads."
+}
+}
+
+@techreport{JoshTriplett2011RPScalableCorrectOrdering
+,author = {Josh Triplett and Philip W. Howard and Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole}
+,title = {Scalable Correct Memory Ordering via Relativistic Programming}
+,year = {2011}
+,number = {11-03}
+,institution = {Portland State University}
+,note = {\url{http://www.cs.pdx.edu/pdfs/tr1103.pdf}}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{PhilHoward2011RCUTMRBTree
+,author = {Philip W. Howard and Jonathan Walpole}
+,title = {A Relativistic Enhancement to Software Transactional Memory}
+,booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on Hot topics in parallelism}
+,series = {HotPar'11}
+,year = {2011}
+,location = {Berkeley, CA}
+,pages = {1--6}
+,numpages = {6}
+,url = {http://www.usenix.org/event/hotpar11/tech/final_files/Howard.pdf}
+,publisher = {USENIX Association}
+,address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}
+}
+
+@techreport{PaulEMcKenney2011cyclicparallelRCU
+,author="Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole"
+,title="Efficient Support of Consistent Cyclic Search With Read-Copy Update and Parallel Updates"
+,institution="US Patent and Trademark Office"
+,address="Washington, DC"
+,year="2011"
+,number="US Patent 7,953,778"
+,month="May"
+,pages="34"
+,annotation={
+ Maintains an array of generation numbers to track in-flight
+ updates and keeps an additional level of indirection to allow
+ readers to confine themselves to the desired snapshot of the
+ data structure.
+}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Triplett:2011:RPHash
+,author = {Triplett, Josh and McKenney, Paul E. and Walpole, Jonathan}
+,title = {Resizable, Scalable, Concurrent Hash Tables via Relativistic Programming}
+,booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 USENIX Annual Technical Conference}
+,month = {June}
+,year = {2011}
+,pages = {145--158}
+,numpages = {14}
+,url={http://www.usenix.org/event/atc11/tech/final_files/Triplett.pdf}
+,publisher = {The USENIX Association}
+,address = {Portland, OR USA}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2011RCU3.0trainwreck
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="3.0 and {RCU:} what went wrong"
+,month="July"
+,day="27"
+,year="2011"
+,note="\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/453002/}"
+,annotation={
+ Analysis of the RCU trainwreck in Linux kernel 3.0.
+ [Viewed July 27, 2011]
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{NeilBrown2011MeetTheLockers
+,Author="Neil Brown"
+,Title="Meet the {Lockers}"
+,month="August"
+,day="3"
+,year="2011"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/453685/}
+[Viewed September 2, 2011]"
+,annotation={
+ The Locker family as an analogy for locking, reference counting,
+ RCU, and seqlock.
+}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{Seyster:2011:RFA:2075416.2075425
+,author = {Seyster, Justin and Radhakrishnan, Prabakar and Katoch, Samriti and Duggal, Abhinav and Stoller, Scott D. and Zadok, Erez}
+,title = {Redflag: a framework for analysis of Kernel-level concurrency}
+,booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Algorithms and architectures for parallel processing - Volume Part I}
+,series = {ICA3PP'11}
+,year = {2011}
+,isbn = {978-3-642-24649-4}
+,location = {Melbourne, Australia}
+,pages = {66--79}
+,numpages = {14}
+,url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2075416.2075425}
+,acmid = {2075425}
+,publisher = {Springer-Verlag}
+,address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{JoshTriplettPhD
+,author="Josh Triplett"
+,title="Relativistic Causal Ordering: A Memory Model for Scalable Concurrent Data Structures"
+,school="Portland State University"
+,year="2012"
+,annotation={
+ RCU-protected hash tables, barriers vs. read-side traversal order.
+ .
+ If the updater is making changes in the opposite direction from
+ the read-side traversal order, the updater need only execute a
+ memory-barrier instruction, but if in the same direction, the
+ updater needs to wait for a grace period between the individual
+ updates.
+}
+}
+
+@article{MathieuDesnoyers2012URCU
+,Author="Mathieu Desnoyers and Paul E. McKenney and Alan Stern and Michel R. Dagenais and Jonathan Walpole"
+,Title="User-Level Implementations of Read-Copy Update"
+,journal="IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"
+,volume={23}
+,year="2012"
+,issn="1045-9219"
+,pages="375-382"
+,doi="http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TPDS.2011.159"
+,publisher="IEEE Computer Society"
+,address="Los Alamitos, CA, USA"
+,annotation={
+ RCU overview, desiderata, semi-formal semantics, user-level RCU
+ usage scenarios, three classes of RCU implementation, wait-free
+ RCU updates, RCU grace-period batching, update overhead,
+ http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/urcu-main-accepted.2011.08.30a.pdf
+ http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/urcu-supp-accepted.2011.08.30a.pdf
+ http://www.computer.org/cms/Computer.org/dl/trans/td/2012/02/extras/ttd2012020375s.pdf
+}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{AustinClements2012RCULinux:mmapsem
+,author = {Austin Clements and Frans Kaashoek and Nickolai Zeldovich}
+,title = {Scalable Address Spaces Using {RCU} Balanced Trees}
+,booktitle = {Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS 2012)}
+,month = {March}
+,year = {2012}
+,pages = {199--210}
+,numpages = {12}
+,publisher = {ACM}
+,address = {London, UK}
+,url="http://people.csail.mit.edu/nickolai/papers/clements-bonsai.pdf"
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2012ELCbattery
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Making {RCU} Safe For Battery-Powered Devices"
+,month="February"
+,day="15"
+,year="2012"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/RCUdynticks.2012.02.15b.pdf}
+[Viewed March 1, 2012]"
+,annotation={
+ RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, round 2.
+}
+}
+
+@article{GuillermoVigueras2012RCUCrowd
+,author = {Vigueras, Guillermo and Ordu\~{n}a, Juan M. and Lozano, Miguel}
+,day = {25}
+,doi = {10.1007/s11227-012-0766-x}
+,issn = {0920-8542}
+,journal = {The Journal of Supercomputing}
+,keywords = {linux, simulation}
+,month = apr
+,posted-at = {2012-05-03 09:12:04}
+,priority = {2}
+,title = {{A Read-Copy Update based parallel server for distributed crowd simulations}}
+,url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-012-0766-x}
+,year = {2012}
+}
+
+
+@unpublished{JonCorbet2012ACCESS:ONCE
+,Author="Jon Corbet"
+,Title="{ACCESS\_ONCE()}"
+,month="August"
+,day="1"
+,year="2012"
+,note="\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/508991/}"
+,annotation={
+ A couple of simple specific compiler optimizations that motivate
+ ACCESS_ONCE().
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{AlexeyGotsman2012VerifyGraceExtended
+,Author="Alexey Gotsman and Noam Rinetzky and Hongseok Yang"
+,Title="Verifying Highly Concurrent Algorithms with Grace (extended version)"
+,month="July"
+,day="10"
+,year="2012"
+,note="\url{http://software.imdea.org/~gotsman/papers/recycling-esop13-ext.pdf}"
+,annotation={
+ Separation-logic formulation of RCU uses.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulMcKenney2012RCUUsage
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Silas Boyd-Wickizer and Jonathan Walpole"
+,Title="{RCU} Usage In the Linux Kernel: One Decade Later"
+,month="September"
+,day="17"
+,year="2012"
+,url=http://rdrop.com/users/paulmck/techreports/survey.2012.09.17a.pdf
+,note="Technical report paulmck.2012.09.17"
+,annotation={
+ Overview of the first variant of no-CBs CPUs for RCU.
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{JonCorbet2012NOCB
+,Author="Jon Corbet"
+,Title="Relocating RCU callbacks"
+,month="October"
+,day="31"
+,year="2012"
+,note="\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/522262/}"
+,annotation={
+ Overview of the first variant of no-CBs CPUs for RCU.
+}
+}
+
+@phdthesis{JustinSeyster2012PhD
+,author="Justin Seyster"
+,title="Runtime Verification of Kernel-Level Concurrency Using Compiler-Based Instrumentation"
+,school="Stony Brook University"
+,year="2012"
+,annotation={
+ Looking for data races, including those involving RCU.
+ Proposal:
+ http://www.fsl.cs.sunysb.edu/docs/jseyster-proposal/redflag.pdf
+ Dissertation:
+ http://www.fsl.cs.sunysb.edu/docs/jseyster-dissertation/redflag.pdf
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2013RCUUsage
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Silas Boyd-Wickizer and Jonathan Walpole"
+,Title="{RCU} Usage in the {Linux} Kernel: One Decade Later"
+,month="February"
+,day="24"
+,year="2013"
+,note="\url{http://rdrop.com/users/paulmck/techreports/RCUUsage.2013.02.24a.pdf}"
+,annotation={
+ Usage of RCU within the Linux kernel.
+}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{AlexeyGotsman2013ESOPRCU
+,author = {Alexey Gotsman and Noam Rinetzky and Hongseok Yang}
+,title = {Verifying concurrent memory reclamation algorithms with grace}
+,booktitle = {ESOP'13: European Symposium on Programming}
+,year = {2013}
+,pages = {249--269}
+,publisher = {Springer}
+,address = {Rome, Italy}
+,annotation={
+ http://software.imdea.org/~gotsman/papers/recycling-esop13.pdf
+}
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2013NoTinyPreempt
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="Simplifying RCU"
+,month="March"
+,day="6"
+,year="2013"
+,note="\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/541037/}"
+,annotation={
+ Getting rid of TINY_PREEMPT_RCU.
+}
}
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/UP.rst b/Documentation/RCU/UP.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4060d7a2f62a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/UP.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+.. _up_doc:
+
+RCU on Uniprocessor Systems
+===========================
+
+A common misconception is that, on UP systems, the call_rcu() primitive
+may immediately invoke its function. The basis of this misconception
+is that since there is only one CPU, it should not be necessary to
+wait for anything else to get done, since there are no other CPUs for
+anything else to be happening on. Although this approach will *sort of*
+work a surprising amount of the time, it is a very bad idea in general.
+This document presents three examples that demonstrate exactly how bad
+an idea this is.
+
+Example 1: softirq Suicide
+--------------------------
+
+Suppose that an RCU-based algorithm scans a linked list containing
+elements A, B, and C in process context, and can delete elements from
+this same list in softirq context. Suppose that the process-context scan
+is referencing element B when it is interrupted by softirq processing,
+which deletes element B, and then invokes call_rcu() to free element B
+after a grace period.
+
+Now, if call_rcu() were to directly invoke its arguments, then upon return
+from softirq, the list scan would find itself referencing a newly freed
+element B. This situation can greatly decrease the life expectancy of
+your kernel.
+
+This same problem can occur if call_rcu() is invoked from a hardware
+interrupt handler.
+
+Example 2: Function-Call Fatality
+---------------------------------
+
+Of course, one could avert the suicide described in the preceding example
+by having call_rcu() directly invoke its arguments only if it was called
+from process context. However, this can fail in a similar manner.
+
+Suppose that an RCU-based algorithm again scans a linked list containing
+elements A, B, and C in process context, but that it invokes a function
+on each element as it is scanned. Suppose further that this function
+deletes element B from the list, then passes it to call_rcu() for deferred
+freeing. This may be a bit unconventional, but it is perfectly legal
+RCU usage, since call_rcu() must wait for a grace period to elapse.
+Therefore, in this case, allowing call_rcu() to immediately invoke
+its arguments would cause it to fail to make the fundamental guarantee
+underlying RCU, namely that call_rcu() defers invoking its arguments until
+all RCU read-side critical sections currently executing have completed.
+
+Quick Quiz #1:
+ Why is it *not* legal to invoke synchronize_rcu() in this case?
+
+:ref:`Answers to Quick Quiz <answer_quick_quiz_up>`
+
+Example 3: Death by Deadlock
+----------------------------
+
+Suppose that call_rcu() is invoked while holding a lock, and that the
+callback function must acquire this same lock. In this case, if
+call_rcu() were to directly invoke the callback, the result would
+be self-deadlock *even if* this invocation occurred from a later
+call_rcu() invocation a full grace period later.
+
+In some cases, it would possible to restructure to code so that
+the call_rcu() is delayed until after the lock is released. However,
+there are cases where this can be quite ugly:
+
+1. If a number of items need to be passed to call_rcu() within
+ the same critical section, then the code would need to create
+ a list of them, then traverse the list once the lock was
+ released.
+
+2. In some cases, the lock will be held across some kernel API,
+ so that delaying the call_rcu() until the lock is released
+ requires that the data item be passed up via a common API.
+ It is far better to guarantee that callbacks are invoked
+ with no locks held than to have to modify such APIs to allow
+ arbitrary data items to be passed back up through them.
+
+If call_rcu() directly invokes the callback, painful locking restrictions
+or API changes would be required.
+
+Quick Quiz #2:
+ What locking restriction must RCU callbacks respect?
+
+:ref:`Answers to Quick Quiz <answer_quick_quiz_up>`
+
+It is important to note that userspace RCU implementations *do*
+permit call_rcu() to directly invoke callbacks, but only if a full
+grace period has elapsed since those callbacks were queued. This is
+the case because some userspace environments are extremely constrained.
+Nevertheless, people writing userspace RCU implementations are strongly
+encouraged to avoid invoking callbacks from call_rcu(), thus obtaining
+the deadlock-avoidance benefits called out above.
+
+Summary
+-------
+
+Permitting call_rcu() to immediately invoke its arguments breaks RCU,
+even on a UP system. So do not do it! Even on a UP system, the RCU
+infrastructure *must* respect grace periods, and *must* invoke callbacks
+from a known environment in which no locks are held.
+
+Note that it *is* safe for synchronize_rcu() to return immediately on
+UP systems, including PREEMPT SMP builds running on UP systems.
+
+Quick Quiz #3:
+ Why can't synchronize_rcu() return immediately on UP systems running
+ preemptible RCU?
+
+.. _answer_quick_quiz_up:
+
+Answer to Quick Quiz #1:
+ Why is it *not* legal to invoke synchronize_rcu() in this case?
+
+ Because the calling function is scanning an RCU-protected linked
+ list, and is therefore within an RCU read-side critical section.
+ Therefore, the called function has been invoked within an RCU
+ read-side critical section, and is not permitted to block.
+
+Answer to Quick Quiz #2:
+ What locking restriction must RCU callbacks respect?
+
+ Any lock that is acquired within an RCU callback must be acquired
+ elsewhere using an _bh variant of the spinlock primitive.
+ For example, if "mylock" is acquired by an RCU callback, then
+ a process-context acquisition of this lock must use something
+ like spin_lock_bh() to acquire the lock. Please note that
+ it is also OK to use _irq variants of spinlocks, for example,
+ spin_lock_irqsave().
+
+ If the process-context code were to simply use spin_lock(),
+ then, since RCU callbacks can be invoked from softirq context,
+ the callback might be called from a softirq that interrupted
+ the process-context critical section. This would result in
+ self-deadlock.
+
+ This restriction might seem gratuitous, since very few RCU
+ callbacks acquire locks directly. However, a great many RCU
+ callbacks do acquire locks *indirectly*, for example, via
+ the kfree() primitive.
+
+Answer to Quick Quiz #3:
+ Why can't synchronize_rcu() return immediately on UP systems
+ running preemptible RCU?
+
+ Because some other task might have been preempted in the middle
+ of an RCU read-side critical section. If synchronize_rcu()
+ simply immediately returned, it would prematurely signal the
+ end of the grace period, which would come as a nasty shock to
+ that other thread when it started running again.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/UP.txt b/Documentation/RCU/UP.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index aab4a9ec3931..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/UP.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-RCU on Uniprocessor Systems
-
-
-A common misconception is that, on UP systems, the call_rcu() primitive
-may immediately invoke its function, and that the synchronize_rcu()
-primitive may return immediately. The basis of this misconception
-is that since there is only one CPU, it should not be necessary to
-wait for anything else to get done, since there are no other CPUs for
-anything else to be happening on. Although this approach will -sort- -of-
-work a surprising amount of the time, it is a very bad idea in general.
-This document presents three examples that demonstrate exactly how bad an
-idea this is.
-
-
-Example 1: softirq Suicide
-
-Suppose that an RCU-based algorithm scans a linked list containing
-elements A, B, and C in process context, and can delete elements from
-this same list in softirq context. Suppose that the process-context scan
-is referencing element B when it is interrupted by softirq processing,
-which deletes element B, and then invokes call_rcu() to free element B
-after a grace period.
-
-Now, if call_rcu() were to directly invoke its arguments, then upon return
-from softirq, the list scan would find itself referencing a newly freed
-element B. This situation can greatly decrease the life expectancy of
-your kernel.
-
-This same problem can occur if call_rcu() is invoked from a hardware
-interrupt handler.
-
-
-Example 2: Function-Call Fatality
-
-Of course, one could avert the suicide described in the preceding example
-by having call_rcu() directly invoke its arguments only if it was called
-from process context. However, this can fail in a similar manner.
-
-Suppose that an RCU-based algorithm again scans a linked list containing
-elements A, B, and C in process contexts, but that it invokes a function
-on each element as it is scanned. Suppose further that this function
-deletes element B from the list, then passes it to call_rcu() for deferred
-freeing. This may be a bit unconventional, but it is perfectly legal
-RCU usage, since call_rcu() must wait for a grace period to elapse.
-Therefore, in this case, allowing call_rcu() to immediately invoke
-its arguments would cause it to fail to make the fundamental guarantee
-underlying RCU, namely that call_rcu() defers invoking its arguments until
-all RCU read-side critical sections currently executing have completed.
-
-Quick Quiz #1: why is it -not- legal to invoke synchronize_rcu() in
- this case?
-
-
-Example 3: Death by Deadlock
-
-Suppose that call_rcu() is invoked while holding a lock, and that the
-callback function must acquire this same lock. In this case, if
-call_rcu() were to directly invoke the callback, the result would
-be self-deadlock.
-
-In some cases, it would possible to restructure to code so that
-the call_rcu() is delayed until after the lock is released. However,
-there are cases where this can be quite ugly:
-
-1. If a number of items need to be passed to call_rcu() within
- the same critical section, then the code would need to create
- a list of them, then traverse the list once the lock was
- released.
-
-2. In some cases, the lock will be held across some kernel API,
- so that delaying the call_rcu() until the lock is released
- requires that the data item be passed up via a common API.
- It is far better to guarantee that callbacks are invoked
- with no locks held than to have to modify such APIs to allow
- arbitrary data items to be passed back up through them.
-
-If call_rcu() directly invokes the callback, painful locking restrictions
-or API changes would be required.
-
-Quick Quiz #2: What locking restriction must RCU callbacks respect?
-
-
-Summary
-
-Permitting call_rcu() to immediately invoke its arguments or permitting
-synchronize_rcu() to immediately return breaks RCU, even on a UP system.
-So do not do it! Even on a UP system, the RCU infrastructure -must-
-respect grace periods, and -must- invoke callbacks from a known environment
-in which no locks are held.
-
-
-Answer to Quick Quiz #1:
- Why is it -not- legal to invoke synchronize_rcu() in this case?
-
- Because the calling function is scanning an RCU-protected linked
- list, and is therefore within an RCU read-side critical section.
- Therefore, the called function has been invoked within an RCU
- read-side critical section, and is not permitted to block.
-
-Answer to Quick Quiz #2:
- What locking restriction must RCU callbacks respect?
-
- Any lock that is acquired within an RCU callback must be
- acquired elsewhere using an _irq variant of the spinlock
- primitive. For example, if "mylock" is acquired by an
- RCU callback, then a process-context acquisition of this
- lock must use something like spin_lock_irqsave() to
- acquire the lock.
-
- If the process-context code were to simply use spin_lock(),
- then, since RCU callbacks can be invoked from softirq context,
- the callback might be called from a softirq that interrupted
- the process-context critical section. This would result in
- self-deadlock.
-
- This restriction might seem gratuitous, since very few RCU
- callbacks acquire locks directly. However, a great many RCU
- callbacks do acquire locks -indirectly-, for example, via
- the kfree() primitive.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/arrayRCU.txt b/Documentation/RCU/arrayRCU.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 453ebe6953ee..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/arrayRCU.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-Using RCU to Protect Read-Mostly Arrays
-
-
-Although RCU is more commonly used to protect linked lists, it can
-also be used to protect arrays. Three situations are as follows:
-
-1. Hash Tables
-
-2. Static Arrays
-
-3. Resizeable Arrays
-
-Each of these situations are discussed below.
-
-
-Situation 1: Hash Tables
-
-Hash tables are often implemented as an array, where each array entry
-has a linked-list hash chain. Each hash chain can be protected by RCU
-as described in the listRCU.txt document. This approach also applies
-to other array-of-list situations, such as radix trees.
-
-
-Situation 2: Static Arrays
-
-Static arrays, where the data (rather than a pointer to the data) is
-located in each array element, and where the array is never resized,
-have not been used with RCU. Rik van Riel recommends using seqlock in
-this situation, which would also have minimal read-side overhead as long
-as updates are rare.
-
-Quick Quiz: Why is it so important that updates be rare when
- using seqlock?
-
-
-Situation 3: Resizeable Arrays
-
-Use of RCU for resizeable arrays is demonstrated by the grow_ary()
-function used by the System V IPC code. The array is used to map from
-semaphore, message-queue, and shared-memory IDs to the data structure
-that represents the corresponding IPC construct. The grow_ary()
-function does not acquire any locks; instead its caller must hold the
-ids->sem semaphore.
-
-The grow_ary() function, shown below, does some limit checks, allocates a
-new ipc_id_ary, copies the old to the new portion of the new, initializes
-the remainder of the new, updates the ids->entries pointer to point to
-the new array, and invokes ipc_rcu_putref() to free up the old array.
-Note that rcu_assign_pointer() is used to update the ids->entries pointer,
-which includes any memory barriers required on whatever architecture
-you are running on.
-
- static int grow_ary(struct ipc_ids* ids, int newsize)
- {
- struct ipc_id_ary* new;
- struct ipc_id_ary* old;
- int i;
- int size = ids->entries->size;
-
- if(newsize > IPCMNI)
- newsize = IPCMNI;
- if(newsize <= size)
- return newsize;
-
- new = ipc_rcu_alloc(sizeof(struct kern_ipc_perm *)*newsize +
- sizeof(struct ipc_id_ary));
- if(new == NULL)
- return size;
- new->size = newsize;
- memcpy(new->p, ids->entries->p,
- sizeof(struct kern_ipc_perm *)*size +
- sizeof(struct ipc_id_ary));
- for(i=size;i<newsize;i++) {
- new->p[i] = NULL;
- }
- old = ids->entries;
-
- /*
- * Use rcu_assign_pointer() to make sure the memcpyed
- * contents of the new array are visible before the new
- * array becomes visible.
- */
- rcu_assign_pointer(ids->entries, new);
-
- ipc_rcu_putref(old);
- return newsize;
- }
-
-The ipc_rcu_putref() function decrements the array's reference count
-and then, if the reference count has dropped to zero, uses call_rcu()
-to free the array after a grace period has elapsed.
-
-The array is traversed by the ipc_lock() function. This function
-indexes into the array under the protection of rcu_read_lock(),
-using rcu_dereference() to pick up the pointer to the array so
-that it may later safely be dereferenced -- memory barriers are
-required on the Alpha CPU. Since the size of the array is stored
-with the array itself, there can be no array-size mismatches, so
-a simple check suffices. The pointer to the structure corresponding
-to the desired IPC object is placed in "out", with NULL indicating
-a non-existent entry. After acquiring "out->lock", the "out->deleted"
-flag indicates whether the IPC object is in the process of being
-deleted, and, if not, the pointer is returned.
-
- struct kern_ipc_perm* ipc_lock(struct ipc_ids* ids, int id)
- {
- struct kern_ipc_perm* out;
- int lid = id % SEQ_MULTIPLIER;
- struct ipc_id_ary* entries;
-
- rcu_read_lock();
- entries = rcu_dereference(ids->entries);
- if(lid >= entries->size) {
- rcu_read_unlock();
- return NULL;
- }
- out = entries->p[lid];
- if(out == NULL) {
- rcu_read_unlock();
- return NULL;
- }
- spin_lock(&out->lock);
-
- /* ipc_rmid() may have already freed the ID while ipc_lock
- * was spinning: here verify that the structure is still valid
- */
- if (out->deleted) {
- spin_unlock(&out->lock);
- rcu_read_unlock();
- return NULL;
- }
- return out;
- }
-
-
-Answer to Quick Quiz:
-
- The reason that it is important that updates be rare when
- using seqlock is that frequent updates can livelock readers.
- One way to avoid this problem is to assign a seqlock for
- each array entry rather than to the entire array.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.rst b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c9bfb2b218e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+================================
+Review Checklist for RCU Patches
+================================
+
+
+This document contains a checklist for producing and reviewing patches
+that make use of RCU. Violating any of the rules listed below will
+result in the same sorts of problems that leaving out a locking primitive
+would cause. This list is based on experiences reviewing such patches
+over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
+
+0. Is RCU being applied to a read-mostly situation? If the data
+ structure is updated more than about 10% of the time, then you
+ should strongly consider some other approach, unless detailed
+ performance measurements show that RCU is nonetheless the right
+ tool for the job. Yes, RCU does reduce read-side overhead by
+ increasing write-side overhead, which is exactly why normal uses
+ of RCU will do much more reading than updating.
+
+ Another exception is where performance is not an issue, and RCU
+ provides a simpler implementation. An example of this situation
+ is the dynamic NMI code in the Linux 2.6 kernel, at least on
+ architectures where NMIs are rare.
+
+ Yet another exception is where the low real-time latency of RCU's
+ read-side primitives is critically important.
+
+ One final exception is where RCU readers are used to prevent
+ the ABA problem (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABA_problem)
+ for lockless updates. This does result in the mildly
+ counter-intuitive situation where rcu_read_lock() and
+ rcu_read_unlock() are used to protect updates, however, this
+ approach can provide the same simplifications to certain types
+ of lockless algorithms that garbage collectors do.
+
+1. Does the update code have proper mutual exclusion?
+
+ RCU does allow *readers* to run (almost) naked, but *writers* must
+ still use some sort of mutual exclusion, such as:
+
+ a. locking,
+ b. atomic operations, or
+ c. restricting updates to a single task.
+
+ If you choose #b, be prepared to describe how you have handled
+ memory barriers on weakly ordered machines (pretty much all of
+ them -- even x86 allows later loads to be reordered to precede
+ earlier stores), and be prepared to explain why this added
+ complexity is worthwhile. If you choose #c, be prepared to
+ explain how this single task does not become a major bottleneck
+ on large systems (for example, if the task is updating information
+ relating to itself that other tasks can read, there by definition
+ can be no bottleneck). Note that the definition of "large" has
+ changed significantly: Eight CPUs was "large" in the year 2000,
+ but a hundred CPUs was unremarkable in 2017.
+
+2. Do the RCU read-side critical sections make proper use of
+ rcu_read_lock() and friends? These primitives are needed
+ to prevent grace periods from ending prematurely, which
+ could result in data being unceremoniously freed out from
+ under your read-side code, which can greatly increase the
+ actuarial risk of your kernel.
+
+ As a rough rule of thumb, any dereference of an RCU-protected
+ pointer must be covered by rcu_read_lock(), rcu_read_lock_bh(),
+ rcu_read_lock_sched(), or by the appropriate update-side lock.
+ Explicit disabling of preemption (preempt_disable(), for example)
+ can serve as rcu_read_lock_sched(), but is less readable and
+ prevents lockdep from detecting locking issues. Acquiring a
+ raw spinlock also enters an RCU read-side critical section.
+
+ The guard(rcu)() and scoped_guard(rcu) primitives designate
+ the remainder of the current scope or the next statement,
+ respectively, as the RCU read-side critical section. Use of
+ these guards can be less error-prone than rcu_read_lock(),
+ rcu_read_unlock(), and friends.
+
+ Please note that you *cannot* rely on code known to be built
+ only in non-preemptible kernels. Such code can and will break,
+ especially in kernels built with CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=y.
+
+ Letting RCU-protected pointers "leak" out of an RCU read-side
+ critical section is every bit as bad as letting them leak out
+ from under a lock. Unless, of course, you have arranged some
+ other means of protection, such as a lock or a reference count
+ *before* letting them out of the RCU read-side critical section.
+
+3. Does the update code tolerate concurrent accesses?
+
+ The whole point of RCU is to permit readers to run without
+ any locks or atomic operations. This means that readers will
+ be running while updates are in progress. There are a number
+ of ways to handle this concurrency, depending on the situation:
+
+ a. Use the RCU variants of the list and hlist update
+ primitives to add, remove, and replace elements on
+ an RCU-protected list. Alternatively, use the other
+ RCU-protected data structures that have been added to
+ the Linux kernel.
+
+ This is almost always the best approach.
+
+ b. Proceed as in (a) above, but also maintain per-element
+ locks (that are acquired by both readers and writers)
+ that guard per-element state. Fields that the readers
+ refrain from accessing can be guarded by some other lock
+ acquired only by updaters, if desired.
+
+ This also works quite well.
+
+ c. Make updates appear atomic to readers. For example,
+ pointer updates to properly aligned fields will
+ appear atomic, as will individual atomic primitives.
+ Sequences of operations performed under a lock will *not*
+ appear to be atomic to RCU readers, nor will sequences
+ of multiple atomic primitives. One alternative is to
+ move multiple individual fields to a separate structure,
+ thus solving the multiple-field problem by imposing an
+ additional level of indirection.
+
+ This can work, but is starting to get a bit tricky.
+
+ d. Carefully order the updates and the reads so that readers
+ see valid data at all phases of the update. This is often
+ more difficult than it sounds, especially given modern
+ CPUs' tendency to reorder memory references. One must
+ usually liberally sprinkle memory-ordering operations
+ through the code, making it difficult to understand and
+ to test. Where it works, it is better to use things
+ like smp_store_release() and smp_load_acquire(), but in
+ some cases the smp_mb() full memory barrier is required.
+
+ As noted earlier, it is usually better to group the
+ changing data into a separate structure, so that the
+ change may be made to appear atomic by updating a pointer
+ to reference a new structure containing updated values.
+
+4. Weakly ordered CPUs pose special challenges. Almost all CPUs
+ are weakly ordered -- even x86 CPUs allow later loads to be
+ reordered to precede earlier stores. RCU code must take all of
+ the following measures to prevent memory-corruption problems:
+
+ a. Readers must maintain proper ordering of their memory
+ accesses. The rcu_dereference() primitive ensures that
+ the CPU picks up the pointer before it picks up the data
+ that the pointer points to. This really is necessary
+ on Alpha CPUs.
+
+ The rcu_dereference() primitive is also an excellent
+ documentation aid, letting the person reading the
+ code know exactly which pointers are protected by RCU.
+ Please note that compilers can also reorder code, and
+ they are becoming increasingly aggressive about doing
+ just that. The rcu_dereference() primitive therefore also
+ prevents destructive compiler optimizations. However,
+ with a bit of devious creativity, it is possible to
+ mishandle the return value from rcu_dereference().
+ Please see rcu_dereference.rst for more information.
+
+ The rcu_dereference() primitive is used by the
+ various "_rcu()" list-traversal primitives, such
+ as the list_for_each_entry_rcu(). Note that it is
+ perfectly legal (if redundant) for update-side code to
+ use rcu_dereference() and the "_rcu()" list-traversal
+ primitives. This is particularly useful in code that
+ is common to readers and updaters. However, lockdep
+ will complain if you access rcu_dereference() outside
+ of an RCU read-side critical section. See lockdep.rst
+ to learn what to do about this.
+
+ Of course, neither rcu_dereference() nor the "_rcu()"
+ list-traversal primitives can substitute for a good
+ concurrency design coordinating among multiple updaters.
+
+ b. If the list macros are being used, the list_add_tail_rcu()
+ and list_add_rcu() primitives must be used in order
+ to prevent weakly ordered machines from misordering
+ structure initialization and pointer planting.
+ Similarly, if the hlist macros are being used, the
+ hlist_add_head_rcu() primitive is required.
+
+ c. If the list macros are being used, the list_del_rcu()
+ primitive must be used to keep list_del()'s pointer
+ poisoning from inflicting toxic effects on concurrent
+ readers. Similarly, if the hlist macros are being used,
+ the hlist_del_rcu() primitive is required.
+
+ The list_replace_rcu() and hlist_replace_rcu() primitives
+ may be used to replace an old structure with a new one
+ in their respective types of RCU-protected lists.
+
+ d. Rules similar to (4b) and (4c) apply to the "hlist_nulls"
+ type of RCU-protected linked lists.
+
+ e. Updates must ensure that initialization of a given
+ structure happens before pointers to that structure are
+ publicized. Use the rcu_assign_pointer() primitive
+ when publicizing a pointer to a structure that can
+ be traversed by an RCU read-side critical section.
+
+5. If any of call_rcu(), call_srcu(), call_rcu_tasks(), or
+ call_rcu_tasks_trace() is used, the callback function may be
+ invoked from softirq context, and in any case with bottom halves
+ disabled. In particular, this callback function cannot block.
+ If you need the callback to block, run that code in a workqueue
+ handler scheduled from the callback. The queue_rcu_work()
+ function does this for you in the case of call_rcu().
+
+6. Since synchronize_rcu() can block, it cannot be called
+ from any sort of irq context. The same rule applies
+ for synchronize_srcu(), synchronize_rcu_expedited(),
+ synchronize_srcu_expedited(), synchronize_rcu_tasks(),
+ synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude(), and synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace().
+
+ The expedited forms of these primitives have the same semantics
+ as the non-expedited forms, but expediting is more CPU intensive.
+ Use of the expedited primitives should be restricted to rare
+ configuration-change operations that would not normally be
+ undertaken while a real-time workload is running. Note that
+ IPI-sensitive real-time workloads can use the rcupdate.rcu_normal
+ kernel boot parameter to completely disable expedited grace
+ periods, though this might have performance implications.
+
+ In particular, if you find yourself invoking one of the expedited
+ primitives repeatedly in a loop, please do everyone a favor:
+ Restructure your code so that it batches the updates, allowing
+ a single non-expedited primitive to cover the entire batch.
+ This will very likely be faster than the loop containing the
+ expedited primitive, and will be much much easier on the rest
+ of the system, especially to real-time workloads running on the
+ rest of the system. Alternatively, instead use asynchronous
+ primitives such as call_rcu().
+
+7. As of v4.20, a given kernel implements only one RCU flavor, which
+ is RCU-sched for PREEMPTION=n and RCU-preempt for PREEMPTION=y.
+ If the updater uses call_rcu() or synchronize_rcu(), then
+ the corresponding readers may use: (1) rcu_read_lock() and
+ rcu_read_unlock(), (2) any pair of primitives that disables
+ and re-enables softirq, for example, rcu_read_lock_bh() and
+ rcu_read_unlock_bh(), or (3) any pair of primitives that disables
+ and re-enables preemption, for example, rcu_read_lock_sched() and
+ rcu_read_unlock_sched(). If the updater uses synchronize_srcu()
+ or call_srcu(), then the corresponding readers must use
+ srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock(), and with the same
+ srcu_struct. The rules for the expedited RCU grace-period-wait
+ primitives are the same as for their non-expedited counterparts.
+
+ Similarly, it is necessary to correctly use the RCU Tasks flavors:
+
+ a. If the updater uses synchronize_rcu_tasks() or
+ call_rcu_tasks(), then the readers must refrain from
+ executing voluntary context switches, that is, from
+ blocking.
+
+ b. If the updater uses call_rcu_tasks_trace()
+ or synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace(), then the
+ corresponding readers must use rcu_read_lock_trace()
+ and rcu_read_unlock_trace().
+
+ c. If an updater uses synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude(),
+ then the corresponding readers must use anything that
+ disables preemption, for example, preempt_disable()
+ and preempt_enable().
+
+ Mixing things up will result in confusion and broken kernels, and
+ has even resulted in an exploitable security issue. Therefore,
+ when using non-obvious pairs of primitives, commenting is
+ of course a must. One example of non-obvious pairing is
+ the XDP feature in networking, which calls BPF programs from
+ network-driver NAPI (softirq) context. BPF relies heavily on RCU
+ protection for its data structures, but because the BPF program
+ invocation happens entirely within a single local_bh_disable()
+ section in a NAPI poll cycle, this usage is safe. The reason
+ that this usage is safe is that readers can use anything that
+ disables BH when updaters use call_rcu() or synchronize_rcu().
+
+8. Although synchronize_rcu() is slower than is call_rcu(),
+ it usually results in simpler code. So, unless update
+ performance is critically important, the updaters cannot block,
+ or the latency of synchronize_rcu() is visible from userspace,
+ synchronize_rcu() should be used in preference to call_rcu().
+ Furthermore, kfree_rcu() and kvfree_rcu() usually result
+ in even simpler code than does synchronize_rcu() without
+ synchronize_rcu()'s multi-millisecond latency. So please take
+ advantage of kfree_rcu()'s and kvfree_rcu()'s "fire and forget"
+ memory-freeing capabilities where it applies.
+
+ An especially important property of the synchronize_rcu()
+ primitive is that it automatically self-limits: if grace periods
+ are delayed for whatever reason, then the synchronize_rcu()
+ primitive will correspondingly delay updates. In contrast,
+ code using call_rcu() should explicitly limit update rate in
+ cases where grace periods are delayed, as failing to do so can
+ result in excessive realtime latencies or even OOM conditions.
+
+ Ways of gaining this self-limiting property when using call_rcu(),
+ kfree_rcu(), or kvfree_rcu() include:
+
+ a. Keeping a count of the number of data-structure elements
+ used by the RCU-protected data structure, including
+ those waiting for a grace period to elapse. Enforce a
+ limit on this number, stalling updates as needed to allow
+ previously deferred frees to complete. Alternatively,
+ limit only the number awaiting deferred free rather than
+ the total number of elements.
+
+ One way to stall the updates is to acquire the update-side
+ mutex. (Don't try this with a spinlock -- other CPUs
+ spinning on the lock could prevent the grace period
+ from ever ending.) Another way to stall the updates
+ is for the updates to use a wrapper function around
+ the memory allocator, so that this wrapper function
+ simulates OOM when there is too much memory awaiting an
+ RCU grace period. There are of course many other
+ variations on this theme.
+
+ b. Limiting update rate. For example, if updates occur only
+ once per hour, then no explicit rate limiting is
+ required, unless your system is already badly broken.
+ Older versions of the dcache subsystem take this approach,
+ guarding updates with a global lock, limiting their rate.
+
+ c. Trusted update -- if updates can only be done manually by
+ superuser or some other trusted user, then it might not
+ be necessary to automatically limit them. The theory
+ here is that superuser already has lots of ways to crash
+ the machine.
+
+ d. Periodically invoke rcu_barrier(), permitting a limited
+ number of updates per grace period.
+
+ The same cautions apply to call_srcu(), call_rcu_tasks(), and
+ call_rcu_tasks_trace(). This is why there is an srcu_barrier(),
+ rcu_barrier_tasks(), and rcu_barrier_tasks_trace(), respectively.
+
+ Note that although these primitives do take action to avoid
+ memory exhaustion when any given CPU has too many callbacks,
+ a determined user or administrator can still exhaust memory.
+ This is especially the case if a system with a large number of
+ CPUs has been configured to offload all of its RCU callbacks onto
+ a single CPU, or if the system has relatively little free memory.
+
+9. All RCU list-traversal primitives, which include
+ rcu_dereference(), list_for_each_entry_rcu(), and
+ list_for_each_safe_rcu(), must be either within an RCU read-side
+ critical section or must be protected by appropriate update-side
+ locks. RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by
+ rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(), or by similar primitives
+ such as rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh(), in which
+ case the matching rcu_dereference() primitive must be used in
+ order to keep lockdep happy, in this case, rcu_dereference_bh().
+
+ The reason that it is permissible to use RCU list-traversal
+ primitives when the update-side lock is held is that doing so
+ can be quite helpful in reducing code bloat when common code is
+ shared between readers and updaters. Additional primitives
+ are provided for this case, as discussed in lockdep.rst.
+
+ One exception to this rule is when data is only ever added to
+ the linked data structure, and is never removed during any
+ time that readers might be accessing that structure. In such
+ cases, READ_ONCE() may be used in place of rcu_dereference()
+ and the read-side markers (rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(),
+ for example) may be omitted.
+
+10. Conversely, if you are in an RCU read-side critical section,
+ and you don't hold the appropriate update-side lock, you *must*
+ use the "_rcu()" variants of the list macros. Failing to do so
+ will break Alpha, cause aggressive compilers to generate bad code,
+ and confuse people trying to understand your code.
+
+11. Any lock acquired by an RCU callback must be acquired elsewhere
+ with softirq disabled, e.g., via spin_lock_bh(). Failing to
+ disable softirq on a given acquisition of that lock will result
+ in deadlock as soon as the RCU softirq handler happens to run
+ your RCU callback while interrupting that acquisition's critical
+ section.
+
+12. RCU callbacks can be and are executed in parallel. In many cases,
+ the callback code simply wrappers around kfree(), so that this
+ is not an issue (or, more accurately, to the extent that it is
+ an issue, the memory-allocator locking handles it). However,
+ if the callbacks do manipulate a shared data structure, they
+ must use whatever locking or other synchronization is required
+ to safely access and/or modify that data structure.
+
+ Do not assume that RCU callbacks will be executed on the same
+ CPU that executed the corresponding call_rcu(), call_srcu(),
+ call_rcu_tasks(), or call_rcu_tasks_trace(). For example, if
+ a given CPU goes offline while having an RCU callback pending,
+ then that RCU callback will execute on some surviving CPU.
+ (If this was not the case, a self-spawning RCU callback would
+ prevent the victim CPU from ever going offline.) Furthermore,
+ CPUs designated by rcu_nocbs= might well *always* have their
+ RCU callbacks executed on some other CPUs, in fact, for some
+ real-time workloads, this is the whole point of using the
+ rcu_nocbs= kernel boot parameter.
+
+ In addition, do not assume that callbacks queued in a given order
+ will be invoked in that order, even if they all are queued on the
+ same CPU. Furthermore, do not assume that same-CPU callbacks will
+ be invoked serially. For example, in recent kernels, CPUs can be
+ switched between offloaded and de-offloaded callback invocation,
+ and while a given CPU is undergoing such a switch, its callbacks
+ might be concurrently invoked by that CPU's softirq handler and
+ that CPU's rcuo kthread. At such times, that CPU's callbacks
+ might be executed both concurrently and out of order.
+
+13. Unlike most flavors of RCU, it *is* permissible to block in an
+ SRCU read-side critical section (demarked by srcu_read_lock()
+ and srcu_read_unlock()), hence the "SRCU": "sleepable RCU".
+ As with RCU, guard(srcu)() and scoped_guard(srcu) forms are
+ available, and often provide greater ease of use. Please note
+ that if you don't need to sleep in read-side critical sections,
+ you should be using RCU rather than SRCU, because RCU is almost
+ always faster and easier to use than is SRCU.
+
+ Also unlike other forms of RCU, explicit initialization and
+ cleanup is required either at build time via DEFINE_SRCU()
+ or DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU() or at runtime via init_srcu_struct()
+ and cleanup_srcu_struct(). These last two are passed a
+ "struct srcu_struct" that defines the scope of a given
+ SRCU domain. Once initialized, the srcu_struct is passed
+ to srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock() synchronize_srcu(),
+ synchronize_srcu_expedited(), and call_srcu(). A given
+ synchronize_srcu() waits only for SRCU read-side critical
+ sections governed by srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock()
+ calls that have been passed the same srcu_struct. This property
+ is what makes sleeping read-side critical sections tolerable --
+ a given subsystem delays only its own updates, not those of other
+ subsystems using SRCU. Therefore, SRCU is less prone to OOM the
+ system than RCU would be if RCU's read-side critical sections
+ were permitted to sleep.
+
+ The ability to sleep in read-side critical sections does not
+ come for free. First, corresponding srcu_read_lock() and
+ srcu_read_unlock() calls must be passed the same srcu_struct.
+ Second, grace-period-detection overhead is amortized only
+ over those updates sharing a given srcu_struct, rather than
+ being globally amortized as they are for other forms of RCU.
+ Therefore, SRCU should be used in preference to rw_semaphore
+ only in extremely read-intensive situations, or in situations
+ requiring SRCU's read-side deadlock immunity or low read-side
+ realtime latency. You should also consider percpu_rw_semaphore
+ when you need lightweight readers.
+
+ SRCU's expedited primitive (synchronize_srcu_expedited())
+ never sends IPIs to other CPUs, so it is easier on
+ real-time workloads than is synchronize_rcu_expedited().
+
+ It is also permissible to sleep in RCU Tasks Trace read-side
+ critical section, which are delimited by rcu_read_lock_trace()
+ and rcu_read_unlock_trace(). However, this is a specialized
+ flavor of RCU, and you should not use it without first checking
+ with its current users. In most cases, you should instead
+ use SRCU. As with RCU and SRCU, guard(rcu_tasks_trace)() and
+ scoped_guard(rcu_tasks_trace) are available, and often provide
+ greater ease of use.
+
+ Note that rcu_assign_pointer() relates to SRCU just as it does to
+ other forms of RCU, but instead of rcu_dereference() you should
+ use srcu_dereference() in order to avoid lockdep splats.
+
+14. The whole point of call_rcu(), synchronize_rcu(), and friends
+ is to wait until all pre-existing readers have finished before
+ carrying out some otherwise-destructive operation. It is
+ therefore critically important to *first* remove any path
+ that readers can follow that could be affected by the
+ destructive operation, and *only then* invoke call_rcu(),
+ synchronize_rcu(), or friends.
+
+ Because these primitives only wait for pre-existing readers, it
+ is the caller's responsibility to guarantee that any subsequent
+ readers will execute safely.
+
+15. The various RCU read-side primitives do *not* necessarily contain
+ memory barriers. You should therefore plan for the CPU
+ and the compiler to freely reorder code into and out of RCU
+ read-side critical sections. It is the responsibility of the
+ RCU update-side primitives to deal with this.
+
+ For SRCU readers, you can use smp_mb__after_srcu_read_unlock()
+ immediately after an srcu_read_unlock() to get a full barrier.
+
+16. Use CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING, CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, and the
+ __rcu sparse checks to validate your RCU code. These can help
+ find problems as follows:
+
+ CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING:
+ check that accesses to RCU-protected data structures
+ are carried out under the proper RCU read-side critical
+ section, while holding the right combination of locks,
+ or whatever other conditions are appropriate.
+
+ CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD:
+ check that you don't pass the same object to call_rcu()
+ (or friends) before an RCU grace period has elapsed
+ since the last time that you passed that same object to
+ call_rcu() (or friends).
+
+ CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD:
+ combine with KASAN to check for pointers leaked out
+ of RCU read-side critical sections. This Kconfig
+ option is tough on both performance and scalability,
+ and so is limited to four-CPU systems.
+
+ __rcu sparse checks:
+ tag the pointer to the RCU-protected data structure
+ with __rcu, and sparse will warn you if you access that
+ pointer without the services of one of the variants
+ of rcu_dereference().
+
+ These debugging aids can help you find problems that are
+ otherwise extremely difficult to spot.
+
+17. If you pass a callback function defined within a module
+ to one of call_rcu(), call_srcu(), call_rcu_tasks(), or
+ call_rcu_tasks_trace(), then it is necessary to wait for all
+ pending callbacks to be invoked before unloading that module.
+ Note that it is absolutely *not* sufficient to wait for a grace
+ period! For example, synchronize_rcu() implementation is *not*
+ guaranteed to wait for callbacks registered on other CPUs via
+ call_rcu(). Or even on the current CPU if that CPU recently
+ went offline and came back online.
+
+ You instead need to use one of the barrier functions:
+
+ - call_rcu() -> rcu_barrier()
+ - call_srcu() -> srcu_barrier()
+ - call_rcu_tasks() -> rcu_barrier_tasks()
+ - call_rcu_tasks_trace() -> rcu_barrier_tasks_trace()
+
+ However, these barrier functions are absolutely *not* guaranteed
+ to wait for a grace period. For example, if there are no
+ call_rcu() callbacks queued anywhere in the system, rcu_barrier()
+ can and will return immediately.
+
+ So if you need to wait for both a grace period and for all
+ pre-existing callbacks, you will need to invoke both functions,
+ with the pair depending on the flavor of RCU:
+
+ - Either synchronize_rcu() or synchronize_rcu_expedited(),
+ together with rcu_barrier()
+ - Either synchronize_srcu() or synchronize_srcu_expedited(),
+ together with and srcu_barrier()
+ - synchronize_rcu_tasks() and rcu_barrier_tasks()
+ - synchronize_tasks_trace() and rcu_barrier_tasks_trace()
+
+ If necessary, you can use something like workqueues to execute
+ the requisite pair of functions concurrently.
+
+ See rcubarrier.rst for more information.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index cf5562cbe356..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,300 +0,0 @@
-Review Checklist for RCU Patches
-
-
-This document contains a checklist for producing and reviewing patches
-that make use of RCU. Violating any of the rules listed below will
-result in the same sorts of problems that leaving out a locking primitive
-would cause. This list is based on experiences reviewing such patches
-over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
-
-0. Is RCU being applied to a read-mostly situation? If the data
- structure is updated more than about 10% of the time, then
- you should strongly consider some other approach, unless
- detailed performance measurements show that RCU is nonetheless
- the right tool for the job.
-
- Another exception is where performance is not an issue, and RCU
- provides a simpler implementation. An example of this situation
- is the dynamic NMI code in the Linux 2.6 kernel, at least on
- architectures where NMIs are rare.
-
- Yet another exception is where the low real-time latency of RCU's
- read-side primitives is critically important.
-
-1. Does the update code have proper mutual exclusion?
-
- RCU does allow -readers- to run (almost) naked, but -writers- must
- still use some sort of mutual exclusion, such as:
-
- a. locking,
- b. atomic operations, or
- c. restricting updates to a single task.
-
- If you choose #b, be prepared to describe how you have handled
- memory barriers on weakly ordered machines (pretty much all of
- them -- even x86 allows reads to be reordered), and be prepared
- to explain why this added complexity is worthwhile. If you
- choose #c, be prepared to explain how this single task does not
- become a major bottleneck on big multiprocessor machines (for
- example, if the task is updating information relating to itself
- that other tasks can read, there by definition can be no
- bottleneck).
-
-2. Do the RCU read-side critical sections make proper use of
- rcu_read_lock() and friends? These primitives are needed
- to prevent grace periods from ending prematurely, which
- could result in data being unceremoniously freed out from
- under your read-side code, which can greatly increase the
- actuarial risk of your kernel.
-
- As a rough rule of thumb, any dereference of an RCU-protected
- pointer must be covered by rcu_read_lock() or rcu_read_lock_bh()
- or by the appropriate update-side lock.
-
-3. Does the update code tolerate concurrent accesses?
-
- The whole point of RCU is to permit readers to run without
- any locks or atomic operations. This means that readers will
- be running while updates are in progress. There are a number
- of ways to handle this concurrency, depending on the situation:
-
- a. Use the RCU variants of the list and hlist update
- primitives to add, remove, and replace elements on an
- RCU-protected list. Alternatively, use the RCU-protected
- trees that have been added to the Linux kernel.
-
- This is almost always the best approach.
-
- b. Proceed as in (a) above, but also maintain per-element
- locks (that are acquired by both readers and writers)
- that guard per-element state. Of course, fields that
- the readers refrain from accessing can be guarded by the
- update-side lock.
-
- This works quite well, also.
-
- c. Make updates appear atomic to readers. For example,
- pointer updates to properly aligned fields will appear
- atomic, as will individual atomic primitives. Operations
- performed under a lock and sequences of multiple atomic
- primitives will -not- appear to be atomic.
-
- This can work, but is starting to get a bit tricky.
-
- d. Carefully order the updates and the reads so that
- readers see valid data at all phases of the update.
- This is often more difficult than it sounds, especially
- given modern CPUs' tendency to reorder memory references.
- One must usually liberally sprinkle memory barriers
- (smp_wmb(), smp_rmb(), smp_mb()) through the code,
- making it difficult to understand and to test.
-
- It is usually better to group the changing data into
- a separate structure, so that the change may be made
- to appear atomic by updating a pointer to reference
- a new structure containing updated values.
-
-4. Weakly ordered CPUs pose special challenges. Almost all CPUs
- are weakly ordered -- even i386 CPUs allow reads to be reordered.
- RCU code must take all of the following measures to prevent
- memory-corruption problems:
-
- a. Readers must maintain proper ordering of their memory
- accesses. The rcu_dereference() primitive ensures that
- the CPU picks up the pointer before it picks up the data
- that the pointer points to. This really is necessary
- on Alpha CPUs. If you don't believe me, see:
-
- http://www.openvms.compaq.com/wizard/wiz_2637.html
-
- The rcu_dereference() primitive is also an excellent
- documentation aid, letting the person reading the code
- know exactly which pointers are protected by RCU.
-
- The rcu_dereference() primitive is used by the various
- "_rcu()" list-traversal primitives, such as the
- list_for_each_entry_rcu(). Note that it is perfectly
- legal (if redundant) for update-side code to use
- rcu_dereference() and the "_rcu()" list-traversal
- primitives. This is particularly useful in code
- that is common to readers and updaters.
-
- b. If the list macros are being used, the list_add_tail_rcu()
- and list_add_rcu() primitives must be used in order
- to prevent weakly ordered machines from misordering
- structure initialization and pointer planting.
- Similarly, if the hlist macros are being used, the
- hlist_add_head_rcu() primitive is required.
-
- c. If the list macros are being used, the list_del_rcu()
- primitive must be used to keep list_del()'s pointer
- poisoning from inflicting toxic effects on concurrent
- readers. Similarly, if the hlist macros are being used,
- the hlist_del_rcu() primitive is required.
-
- The list_replace_rcu() primitive may be used to
- replace an old structure with a new one in an
- RCU-protected list.
-
- d. Updates must ensure that initialization of a given
- structure happens before pointers to that structure are
- publicized. Use the rcu_assign_pointer() primitive
- when publicizing a pointer to a structure that can
- be traversed by an RCU read-side critical section.
-
-5. If call_rcu(), or a related primitive such as call_rcu_bh() or
- call_rcu_sched(), is used, the callback function must be
- written to be called from softirq context. In particular,
- it cannot block.
-
-6. Since synchronize_rcu() can block, it cannot be called from
- any sort of irq context. Ditto for synchronize_sched() and
- synchronize_srcu().
-
-7. If the updater uses call_rcu(), then the corresponding readers
- must use rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(). If the updater
- uses call_rcu_bh(), then the corresponding readers must use
- rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh(). If the updater
- uses call_rcu_sched(), then the corresponding readers must
- disable preemption. Mixing things up will result in confusion
- and broken kernels.
-
- One exception to this rule: rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock()
- may be substituted for rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh()
- in cases where local bottom halves are already known to be
- disabled, for example, in irq or softirq context. Commenting
- such cases is a must, of course! And the jury is still out on
- whether the increased speed is worth it.
-
-8. Although synchronize_rcu() is slower than is call_rcu(), it
- usually results in simpler code. So, unless update performance
- is critically important or the updaters cannot block,
- synchronize_rcu() should be used in preference to call_rcu().
-
- An especially important property of the synchronize_rcu()
- primitive is that it automatically self-limits: if grace periods
- are delayed for whatever reason, then the synchronize_rcu()
- primitive will correspondingly delay updates. In contrast,
- code using call_rcu() should explicitly limit update rate in
- cases where grace periods are delayed, as failing to do so can
- result in excessive realtime latencies or even OOM conditions.
-
- Ways of gaining this self-limiting property when using call_rcu()
- include:
-
- a. Keeping a count of the number of data-structure elements
- used by the RCU-protected data structure, including those
- waiting for a grace period to elapse. Enforce a limit
- on this number, stalling updates as needed to allow
- previously deferred frees to complete.
-
- Alternatively, limit only the number awaiting deferred
- free rather than the total number of elements.
-
- b. Limiting update rate. For example, if updates occur only
- once per hour, then no explicit rate limiting is required,
- unless your system is already badly broken. The dcache
- subsystem takes this approach -- updates are guarded
- by a global lock, limiting their rate.
-
- c. Trusted update -- if updates can only be done manually by
- superuser or some other trusted user, then it might not
- be necessary to automatically limit them. The theory
- here is that superuser already has lots of ways to crash
- the machine.
-
- d. Use call_rcu_bh() rather than call_rcu(), in order to take
- advantage of call_rcu_bh()'s faster grace periods.
-
- e. Periodically invoke synchronize_rcu(), permitting a limited
- number of updates per grace period.
-
-9. All RCU list-traversal primitives, which include
- rcu_dereference(), list_for_each_rcu(), list_for_each_entry_rcu(),
- list_for_each_continue_rcu(), and list_for_each_safe_rcu(),
- must be either within an RCU read-side critical section or
- must be protected by appropriate update-side locks. RCU
- read-side critical sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock()
- and rcu_read_unlock(), or by similar primitives such as
- rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh().
-
- The reason that it is permissible to use RCU list-traversal
- primitives when the update-side lock is held is that doing so
- can be quite helpful in reducing code bloat when common code is
- shared between readers and updaters.
-
-10. Conversely, if you are in an RCU read-side critical section,
- and you don't hold the appropriate update-side lock, you -must-
- use the "_rcu()" variants of the list macros. Failing to do so
- will break Alpha and confuse people reading your code.
-
-11. Note that synchronize_rcu() -only- guarantees to wait until
- all currently executing rcu_read_lock()-protected RCU read-side
- critical sections complete. It does -not- necessarily guarantee
- that all currently running interrupts, NMIs, preempt_disable()
- code, or idle loops will complete. Therefore, if you do not have
- rcu_read_lock()-protected read-side critical sections, do -not-
- use synchronize_rcu().
-
- If you want to wait for some of these other things, you might
- instead need to use synchronize_irq() or synchronize_sched().
-
-12. Any lock acquired by an RCU callback must be acquired elsewhere
- with irq disabled, e.g., via spin_lock_irqsave(). Failing to
- disable irq on a given acquisition of that lock will result in
- deadlock as soon as the RCU callback happens to interrupt that
- acquisition's critical section.
-
-13. RCU callbacks can be and are executed in parallel. In many cases,
- the callback code simply wrappers around kfree(), so that this
- is not an issue (or, more accurately, to the extent that it is
- an issue, the memory-allocator locking handles it). However,
- if the callbacks do manipulate a shared data structure, they
- must use whatever locking or other synchronization is required
- to safely access and/or modify that data structure.
-
- RCU callbacks are -usually- executed on the same CPU that executed
- the corresponding call_rcu(), call_rcu_bh(), or call_rcu_sched(),
- but are by -no- means guaranteed to be. For example, if a given
- CPU goes offline while having an RCU callback pending, then that
- RCU callback will execute on some surviving CPU. (If this was
- not the case, a self-spawning RCU callback would prevent the
- victim CPU from ever going offline.)
-
-14. SRCU (srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock(), and synchronize_srcu())
- may only be invoked from process context. Unlike other forms of
- RCU, it -is- permissible to block in an SRCU read-side critical
- section (demarked by srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock()),
- hence the "SRCU": "sleepable RCU". Please note that if you
- don't need to sleep in read-side critical sections, you should
- be using RCU rather than SRCU, because RCU is almost always
- faster and easier to use than is SRCU.
-
- Also unlike other forms of RCU, explicit initialization
- and cleanup is required via init_srcu_struct() and
- cleanup_srcu_struct(). These are passed a "struct srcu_struct"
- that defines the scope of a given SRCU domain. Once initialized,
- the srcu_struct is passed to srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock()
- and synchronize_srcu(). A given synchronize_srcu() waits only
- for SRCU read-side critical sections governed by srcu_read_lock()
- and srcu_read_unlock() calls that have been passd the same
- srcu_struct. This property is what makes sleeping read-side
- critical sections tolerable -- a given subsystem delays only
- its own updates, not those of other subsystems using SRCU.
- Therefore, SRCU is less prone to OOM the system than RCU would
- be if RCU's read-side critical sections were permitted to
- sleep.
-
- The ability to sleep in read-side critical sections does not
- come for free. First, corresponding srcu_read_lock() and
- srcu_read_unlock() calls must be passed the same srcu_struct.
- Second, grace-period-detection overhead is amortized only
- over those updates sharing a given srcu_struct, rather than
- being globally amortized as they are for other forms of RCU.
- Therefore, SRCU should be used in preference to rw_semaphore
- only in extremely read-intensive situations, or in situations
- requiring SRCU's read-side deadlock immunity or low read-side
- realtime latency.
-
- Note that, rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() relate to
- SRCU just as they do to other forms of RCU.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/index.rst b/Documentation/RCU/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ef26c78507d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+.. _rcu_handbook:
+
+============
+RCU Handbook
+============
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 2
+
+ checklist
+ lockdep
+ lockdep-splat
+ rcubarrier
+ rcu_dereference
+ whatisRCU
+ rcu
+ rculist_nulls
+ rcuref
+ torture
+ stallwarn
+ listRCU
+ NMI-RCU
+ UP
+
+ Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering
+ Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods
+ Design/Requirements/Requirements
+ Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures
+
+.. only:: subproject and html
+
+ Indices
+ =======
+
+ * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/listRCU.rst b/Documentation/RCU/listRCU.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d8bb98623c12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/listRCU.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+.. _list_rcu_doc:
+
+Using RCU to Protect Read-Mostly Linked Lists
+=============================================
+
+One of the most common uses of RCU is protecting read-mostly linked lists
+(``struct list_head`` in list.h). One big advantage of this approach is
+that all of the required memory ordering is provided by the list macros.
+This document describes several list-based RCU use cases.
+
+When iterating a list while holding the rcu_read_lock(), writers may
+modify the list. The reader is guaranteed to see all of the elements
+which were added to the list before they acquired the rcu_read_lock()
+and are still on the list when they drop the rcu_read_unlock().
+Elements which are added to, or removed from the list may or may not
+be seen. If the writer calls list_replace_rcu(), the reader may see
+either the old element or the new element; they will not see both,
+nor will they see neither.
+
+
+Example 1: Read-mostly list: Deferred Destruction
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+A widely used usecase for RCU lists in the kernel is lockless iteration over
+all processes in the system. ``task_struct::tasks`` represents the list node that
+links all the processes. The list can be traversed in parallel to any list
+additions or removals.
+
+The traversal of the list is done using ``for_each_process()`` which is defined
+by the 2 macros::
+
+ #define next_task(p) \
+ list_entry_rcu((p)->tasks.next, struct task_struct, tasks)
+
+ #define for_each_process(p) \
+ for (p = &init_task ; (p = next_task(p)) != &init_task ; )
+
+The code traversing the list of all processes typically looks like::
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ for_each_process(p) {
+ /* Do something with p */
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+The simplified and heavily inlined code for removing a process from a
+task list is::
+
+ void release_task(struct task_struct *p)
+ {
+ write_lock(&tasklist_lock);
+ list_del_rcu(&p->tasks);
+ write_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
+ call_rcu(&p->rcu, delayed_put_task_struct);
+ }
+
+When a process exits, ``release_task()`` calls ``list_del_rcu(&p->tasks)``
+via __exit_signal() and __unhash_process() under ``tasklist_lock``
+writer lock protection. The list_del_rcu() invocation removes
+the task from the list of all tasks. The ``tasklist_lock``
+prevents concurrent list additions/removals from corrupting the
+list. Readers using ``for_each_process()`` are not protected with the
+``tasklist_lock``. To prevent readers from noticing changes in the list
+pointers, the ``task_struct`` object is freed only after one or more
+grace periods elapse, with the help of call_rcu(), which is invoked via
+put_task_struct_rcu_user(). This deferring of destruction ensures that
+any readers traversing the list will see valid ``p->tasks.next`` pointers
+and deletion/freeing can happen in parallel with traversal of the list.
+This pattern is also called an **existence lock**, since RCU refrains
+from invoking the delayed_put_task_struct() callback function until
+all existing readers finish, which guarantees that the ``task_struct``
+object in question will remain in existence until after the completion
+of all RCU readers that might possibly have a reference to that object.
+
+
+Example 2: Read-Side Action Taken Outside of Lock: No In-Place Updates
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Some reader-writer locking use cases compute a value while holding
+the read-side lock, but continue to use that value after that lock is
+released. These use cases are often good candidates for conversion
+to RCU. One prominent example involves network packet routing.
+Because the packet-routing data tracks the state of equipment outside
+of the computer, it will at times contain stale data. Therefore, once
+the route has been computed, there is no need to hold the routing table
+static during transmission of the packet. After all, you can hold the
+routing table static all you want, but that won't keep the external
+Internet from changing, and it is the state of the external Internet
+that really matters. In addition, routing entries are typically added
+or deleted, rather than being modified in place. This is a rare example
+of the finite speed of light and the non-zero size of atoms actually
+helping make synchronization be lighter weight.
+
+A straightforward example of this type of RCU use case may be found in
+the system-call auditing support. For example, a reader-writer locked
+implementation of ``audit_filter_task()`` might be as follows::
+
+ static enum audit_state audit_filter_task(struct task_struct *tsk, char **key)
+ {
+ struct audit_entry *e;
+ enum audit_state state;
+
+ read_lock(&auditsc_lock);
+ /* Note: audit_filter_mutex held by caller. */
+ list_for_each_entry(e, &audit_tsklist, list) {
+ if (audit_filter_rules(tsk, &e->rule, NULL, &state)) {
+ if (state == AUDIT_STATE_RECORD)
+ *key = kstrdup(e->rule.filterkey, GFP_ATOMIC);
+ read_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
+ return state;
+ }
+ }
+ read_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
+ return AUDIT_BUILD_CONTEXT;
+ }
+
+Here the list is searched under the lock, but the lock is dropped before
+the corresponding value is returned. By the time that this value is acted
+on, the list may well have been modified. This makes sense, since if
+you are turning auditing off, it is OK to audit a few extra system calls.
+
+This means that RCU can be easily applied to the read side, as follows::
+
+ static enum audit_state audit_filter_task(struct task_struct *tsk, char **key)
+ {
+ struct audit_entry *e;
+ enum audit_state state;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ /* Note: audit_filter_mutex held by caller. */
+ list_for_each_entry_rcu(e, &audit_tsklist, list) {
+ if (audit_filter_rules(tsk, &e->rule, NULL, &state)) {
+ if (state == AUDIT_STATE_RECORD)
+ *key = kstrdup(e->rule.filterkey, GFP_ATOMIC);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ return state;
+ }
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ return AUDIT_BUILD_CONTEXT;
+ }
+
+The read_lock() and read_unlock() calls have become rcu_read_lock()
+and rcu_read_unlock(), respectively, and the list_for_each_entry()
+has become list_for_each_entry_rcu(). The **_rcu()** list-traversal
+primitives add READ_ONCE() and diagnostic checks for incorrect use
+outside of an RCU read-side critical section.
+
+The changes to the update side are also straightforward. A reader-writer lock
+might be used as follows for deletion and insertion in these simplified
+versions of audit_del_rule() and audit_add_rule()::
+
+ static inline int audit_del_rule(struct audit_rule *rule,
+ struct list_head *list)
+ {
+ struct audit_entry *e;
+
+ write_lock(&auditsc_lock);
+ list_for_each_entry(e, list, list) {
+ if (!audit_compare_rule(rule, &e->rule)) {
+ list_del(&e->list);
+ write_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ write_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
+ return -EFAULT; /* No matching rule */
+ }
+
+ static inline int audit_add_rule(struct audit_entry *entry,
+ struct list_head *list)
+ {
+ write_lock(&auditsc_lock);
+ if (entry->rule.flags & AUDIT_PREPEND) {
+ entry->rule.flags &= ~AUDIT_PREPEND;
+ list_add(&entry->list, list);
+ } else {
+ list_add_tail(&entry->list, list);
+ }
+ write_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+Following are the RCU equivalents for these two functions::
+
+ static inline int audit_del_rule(struct audit_rule *rule,
+ struct list_head *list)
+ {
+ struct audit_entry *e;
+
+ /* No need to use the _rcu iterator here, since this is the only
+ * deletion routine. */
+ list_for_each_entry(e, list, list) {
+ if (!audit_compare_rule(rule, &e->rule)) {
+ list_del_rcu(&e->list);
+ call_rcu(&e->rcu, audit_free_rule);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ return -EFAULT; /* No matching rule */
+ }
+
+ static inline int audit_add_rule(struct audit_entry *entry,
+ struct list_head *list)
+ {
+ if (entry->rule.flags & AUDIT_PREPEND) {
+ entry->rule.flags &= ~AUDIT_PREPEND;
+ list_add_rcu(&entry->list, list);
+ } else {
+ list_add_tail_rcu(&entry->list, list);
+ }
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+Normally, the write_lock() and write_unlock() would be replaced by a
+spin_lock() and a spin_unlock(). But in this case, all callers hold
+``audit_filter_mutex``, so no additional locking is required. The
+auditsc_lock can therefore be eliminated, since use of RCU eliminates the
+need for writers to exclude readers.
+
+The list_del(), list_add(), and list_add_tail() primitives have been
+replaced by list_del_rcu(), list_add_rcu(), and list_add_tail_rcu().
+The **_rcu()** list-manipulation primitives add memory barriers that are
+needed on weakly ordered CPUs. The list_del_rcu() primitive omits the
+pointer poisoning debug-assist code that would otherwise cause concurrent
+readers to fail spectacularly.
+
+So, when readers can tolerate stale data and when entries are either added or
+deleted, without in-place modification, it is very easy to use RCU!
+
+
+Example 3: Handling In-Place Updates
+------------------------------------
+
+The system-call auditing code does not update auditing rules in place. However,
+if it did, the reader-writer-locked code to do so might look as follows
+(assuming only ``field_count`` is updated, otherwise, the added fields would
+need to be filled in)::
+
+ static inline int audit_upd_rule(struct audit_rule *rule,
+ struct list_head *list,
+ __u32 newaction,
+ __u32 newfield_count)
+ {
+ struct audit_entry *e;
+ struct audit_entry *ne;
+
+ write_lock(&auditsc_lock);
+ /* Note: audit_filter_mutex held by caller. */
+ list_for_each_entry(e, list, list) {
+ if (!audit_compare_rule(rule, &e->rule)) {
+ e->rule.action = newaction;
+ e->rule.field_count = newfield_count;
+ write_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ write_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
+ return -EFAULT; /* No matching rule */
+ }
+
+The RCU version creates a copy, updates the copy, then replaces the old
+entry with the newly updated entry. This sequence of actions, allowing
+concurrent reads while making a copy to perform an update, is what gives
+RCU (*read-copy update*) its name.
+
+The RCU version of audit_upd_rule() is as follows::
+
+ static inline int audit_upd_rule(struct audit_rule *rule,
+ struct list_head *list,
+ __u32 newaction,
+ __u32 newfield_count)
+ {
+ struct audit_entry *e;
+ struct audit_entry *ne;
+
+ list_for_each_entry(e, list, list) {
+ if (!audit_compare_rule(rule, &e->rule)) {
+ ne = kmalloc(sizeof(*entry), GFP_ATOMIC);
+ if (ne == NULL)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ audit_copy_rule(&ne->rule, &e->rule);
+ ne->rule.action = newaction;
+ ne->rule.field_count = newfield_count;
+ list_replace_rcu(&e->list, &ne->list);
+ call_rcu(&e->rcu, audit_free_rule);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ return -EFAULT; /* No matching rule */
+ }
+
+Again, this assumes that the caller holds ``audit_filter_mutex``. Normally, the
+writer lock would become a spinlock in this sort of code.
+
+The update_lsm_rule() does something very similar, for those who would
+prefer to look at real Linux-kernel code.
+
+Another use of this pattern can be found in the openswitch driver's *connection
+tracking table* code in ``ct_limit_set()``. The table holds connection tracking
+entries and has a limit on the maximum entries. There is one such table
+per-zone and hence one *limit* per zone. The zones are mapped to their limits
+through a hashtable using an RCU-managed hlist for the hash chains. When a new
+limit is set, a new limit object is allocated and ``ct_limit_set()`` is called
+to replace the old limit object with the new one using list_replace_rcu().
+The old limit object is then freed after a grace period using kfree_rcu().
+
+
+Example 4: Eliminating Stale Data
+---------------------------------
+
+The auditing example above tolerates stale data, as do most algorithms
+that are tracking external state. After all, given there is a delay
+from the time the external state changes before Linux becomes aware
+of the change, and so as noted earlier, a small quantity of additional
+RCU-induced staleness is generally not a problem.
+
+However, there are many examples where stale data cannot be tolerated.
+One example in the Linux kernel is the System V IPC (see the shm_lock()
+function in ipc/shm.c). This code checks a *deleted* flag under a
+per-entry spinlock, and, if the *deleted* flag is set, pretends that the
+entry does not exist. For this to be helpful, the search function must
+return holding the per-entry spinlock, as shm_lock() does in fact do.
+
+.. _quick_quiz:
+
+Quick Quiz:
+ For the deleted-flag technique to be helpful, why is it necessary
+ to hold the per-entry lock while returning from the search function?
+
+:ref:`Answer to Quick Quiz <quick_quiz_answer>`
+
+If the system-call audit module were to ever need to reject stale data, one way
+to accomplish this would be to add a ``deleted`` flag and a ``lock`` spinlock to the
+``audit_entry`` structure, and modify audit_filter_task() as follows::
+
+ static struct audit_entry *audit_filter_task(struct task_struct *tsk, char **key)
+ {
+ struct audit_entry *e;
+ enum audit_state state;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ list_for_each_entry_rcu(e, &audit_tsklist, list) {
+ if (audit_filter_rules(tsk, &e->rule, NULL, &state)) {
+ spin_lock(&e->lock);
+ if (e->deleted) {
+ spin_unlock(&e->lock);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ if (state == AUDIT_STATE_RECORD)
+ *key = kstrdup(e->rule.filterkey, GFP_ATOMIC);
+ /* As long as e->lock is held, e is valid and
+ * its value is not stale */
+ return e;
+ }
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+The ``audit_del_rule()`` function would need to set the ``deleted`` flag under the
+spinlock as follows::
+
+ static inline int audit_del_rule(struct audit_rule *rule,
+ struct list_head *list)
+ {
+ struct audit_entry *e;
+
+ /* No need to use the _rcu iterator here, since this
+ * is the only deletion routine. */
+ list_for_each_entry(e, list, list) {
+ if (!audit_compare_rule(rule, &e->rule)) {
+ spin_lock(&e->lock);
+ list_del_rcu(&e->list);
+ e->deleted = 1;
+ spin_unlock(&e->lock);
+ call_rcu(&e->rcu, audit_free_rule);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ return -EFAULT; /* No matching rule */
+ }
+
+This too assumes that the caller holds ``audit_filter_mutex``.
+
+Note that this example assumes that entries are only added and deleted.
+Additional mechanism is required to deal correctly with the update-in-place
+performed by audit_upd_rule(). For one thing, audit_upd_rule() would
+need to hold the locks of both the old ``audit_entry`` and its replacement
+while executing the list_replace_rcu().
+
+
+Example 5: Skipping Stale Objects
+---------------------------------
+
+For some use cases, reader performance can be improved by skipping
+stale objects during read-side list traversal, where stale objects
+are those that will be removed and destroyed after one or more grace
+periods. One such example can be found in the timerfd subsystem. When a
+``CLOCK_REALTIME`` clock is reprogrammed (for example due to setting
+of the system time) then all programmed ``timerfds`` that depend on
+this clock get triggered and processes waiting on them are awakened in
+advance of their scheduled expiry. To facilitate this, all such timers
+are added to an RCU-managed ``cancel_list`` when they are setup in
+``timerfd_setup_cancel()``::
+
+ static void timerfd_setup_cancel(struct timerfd_ctx *ctx, int flags)
+ {
+ spin_lock(&ctx->cancel_lock);
+ if ((ctx->clockid == CLOCK_REALTIME ||
+ ctx->clockid == CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM) &&
+ (flags & TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME) && (flags & TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET)) {
+ if (!ctx->might_cancel) {
+ ctx->might_cancel = true;
+ spin_lock(&cancel_lock);
+ list_add_rcu(&ctx->clist, &cancel_list);
+ spin_unlock(&cancel_lock);
+ }
+ } else {
+ __timerfd_remove_cancel(ctx);
+ }
+ spin_unlock(&ctx->cancel_lock);
+ }
+
+When a timerfd is freed (fd is closed), then the ``might_cancel``
+flag of the timerfd object is cleared, the object removed from the
+``cancel_list`` and destroyed, as shown in this simplified and inlined
+version of timerfd_release()::
+
+ int timerfd_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+ {
+ struct timerfd_ctx *ctx = file->private_data;
+
+ spin_lock(&ctx->cancel_lock);
+ if (ctx->might_cancel) {
+ ctx->might_cancel = false;
+ spin_lock(&cancel_lock);
+ list_del_rcu(&ctx->clist);
+ spin_unlock(&cancel_lock);
+ }
+ spin_unlock(&ctx->cancel_lock);
+
+ if (isalarm(ctx))
+ alarm_cancel(&ctx->t.alarm);
+ else
+ hrtimer_cancel(&ctx->t.tmr);
+ kfree_rcu(ctx, rcu);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+If the ``CLOCK_REALTIME`` clock is set, for example by a time server, the
+hrtimer framework calls ``timerfd_clock_was_set()`` which walks the
+``cancel_list`` and wakes up processes waiting on the timerfd. While iterating
+the ``cancel_list``, the ``might_cancel`` flag is consulted to skip stale
+objects::
+
+ void timerfd_clock_was_set(void)
+ {
+ ktime_t moffs = ktime_mono_to_real(0);
+ struct timerfd_ctx *ctx;
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ list_for_each_entry_rcu(ctx, &cancel_list, clist) {
+ if (!ctx->might_cancel)
+ continue;
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&ctx->wqh.lock, flags);
+ if (ctx->moffs != moffs) {
+ ctx->moffs = KTIME_MAX;
+ ctx->ticks++;
+ wake_up_locked_poll(&ctx->wqh, EPOLLIN);
+ }
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ctx->wqh.lock, flags);
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ }
+
+The key point is that because RCU-protected traversal of the
+``cancel_list`` happens concurrently with object addition and removal,
+sometimes the traversal can access an object that has been removed from
+the list. In this example, a flag is used to skip such objects.
+
+
+Summary
+-------
+
+Read-mostly list-based data structures that can tolerate stale data are
+the most amenable to use of RCU. The simplest case is where entries are
+either added or deleted from the data structure (or atomically modified
+in place), but non-atomic in-place modifications can be handled by making
+a copy, updating the copy, then replacing the original with the copy.
+If stale data cannot be tolerated, then a *deleted* flag may be used
+in conjunction with a per-entry spinlock in order to allow the search
+function to reject newly deleted data.
+
+.. _quick_quiz_answer:
+
+Answer to Quick Quiz:
+ For the deleted-flag technique to be helpful, why is it necessary
+ to hold the per-entry lock while returning from the search function?
+
+ If the search function drops the per-entry lock before returning,
+ then the caller will be processing stale data in any case. If it
+ is really OK to be processing stale data, then you don't need a
+ *deleted* flag. If processing stale data really is a problem,
+ then you need to hold the per-entry lock across all of the code
+ that uses the value that was returned.
+
+:ref:`Back to Quick Quiz <quick_quiz>`
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/listRCU.txt b/Documentation/RCU/listRCU.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1fd175368a87..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/listRCU.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,315 +0,0 @@
-Using RCU to Protect Read-Mostly Linked Lists
-
-
-One of the best applications of RCU is to protect read-mostly linked lists
-("struct list_head" in list.h). One big advantage of this approach
-is that all of the required memory barriers are included for you in
-the list macros. This document describes several applications of RCU,
-with the best fits first.
-
-
-Example 1: Read-Side Action Taken Outside of Lock, No In-Place Updates
-
-The best applications are cases where, if reader-writer locking were
-used, the read-side lock would be dropped before taking any action
-based on the results of the search. The most celebrated example is
-the routing table. Because the routing table is tracking the state of
-equipment outside of the computer, it will at times contain stale data.
-Therefore, once the route has been computed, there is no need to hold
-the routing table static during transmission of the packet. After all,
-you can hold the routing table static all you want, but that won't keep
-the external Internet from changing, and it is the state of the external
-Internet that really matters. In addition, routing entries are typically
-added or deleted, rather than being modified in place.
-
-A straightforward example of this use of RCU may be found in the
-system-call auditing support. For example, a reader-writer locked
-implementation of audit_filter_task() might be as follows:
-
- static enum audit_state audit_filter_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
- {
- struct audit_entry *e;
- enum audit_state state;
-
- read_lock(&auditsc_lock);
- /* Note: audit_netlink_sem held by caller. */
- list_for_each_entry(e, &audit_tsklist, list) {
- if (audit_filter_rules(tsk, &e->rule, NULL, &state)) {
- read_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
- return state;
- }
- }
- read_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
- return AUDIT_BUILD_CONTEXT;
- }
-
-Here the list is searched under the lock, but the lock is dropped before
-the corresponding value is returned. By the time that this value is acted
-on, the list may well have been modified. This makes sense, since if
-you are turning auditing off, it is OK to audit a few extra system calls.
-
-This means that RCU can be easily applied to the read side, as follows:
-
- static enum audit_state audit_filter_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
- {
- struct audit_entry *e;
- enum audit_state state;
-
- rcu_read_lock();
- /* Note: audit_netlink_sem held by caller. */
- list_for_each_entry_rcu(e, &audit_tsklist, list) {
- if (audit_filter_rules(tsk, &e->rule, NULL, &state)) {
- rcu_read_unlock();
- return state;
- }
- }
- rcu_read_unlock();
- return AUDIT_BUILD_CONTEXT;
- }
-
-The read_lock() and read_unlock() calls have become rcu_read_lock()
-and rcu_read_unlock(), respectively, and the list_for_each_entry() has
-become list_for_each_entry_rcu(). The _rcu() list-traversal primitives
-insert the read-side memory barriers that are required on DEC Alpha CPUs.
-
-The changes to the update side are also straightforward. A reader-writer
-lock might be used as follows for deletion and insertion:
-
- static inline int audit_del_rule(struct audit_rule *rule,
- struct list_head *list)
- {
- struct audit_entry *e;
-
- write_lock(&auditsc_lock);
- list_for_each_entry(e, list, list) {
- if (!audit_compare_rule(rule, &e->rule)) {
- list_del(&e->list);
- write_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
- return 0;
- }
- }
- write_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
- return -EFAULT; /* No matching rule */
- }
-
- static inline int audit_add_rule(struct audit_entry *entry,
- struct list_head *list)
- {
- write_lock(&auditsc_lock);
- if (entry->rule.flags & AUDIT_PREPEND) {
- entry->rule.flags &= ~AUDIT_PREPEND;
- list_add(&entry->list, list);
- } else {
- list_add_tail(&entry->list, list);
- }
- write_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
- return 0;
- }
-
-Following are the RCU equivalents for these two functions:
-
- static inline int audit_del_rule(struct audit_rule *rule,
- struct list_head *list)
- {
- struct audit_entry *e;
-
- /* Do not use the _rcu iterator here, since this is the only
- * deletion routine. */
- list_for_each_entry(e, list, list) {
- if (!audit_compare_rule(rule, &e->rule)) {
- list_del_rcu(&e->list);
- call_rcu(&e->rcu, audit_free_rule, e);
- return 0;
- }
- }
- return -EFAULT; /* No matching rule */
- }
-
- static inline int audit_add_rule(struct audit_entry *entry,
- struct list_head *list)
- {
- if (entry->rule.flags & AUDIT_PREPEND) {
- entry->rule.flags &= ~AUDIT_PREPEND;
- list_add_rcu(&entry->list, list);
- } else {
- list_add_tail_rcu(&entry->list, list);
- }
- return 0;
- }
-
-Normally, the write_lock() and write_unlock() would be replaced by
-a spin_lock() and a spin_unlock(), but in this case, all callers hold
-audit_netlink_sem, so no additional locking is required. The auditsc_lock
-can therefore be eliminated, since use of RCU eliminates the need for
-writers to exclude readers. Normally, the write_lock() calls would
-be converted into spin_lock() calls.
-
-The list_del(), list_add(), and list_add_tail() primitives have been
-replaced by list_del_rcu(), list_add_rcu(), and list_add_tail_rcu().
-The _rcu() list-manipulation primitives add memory barriers that are
-needed on weakly ordered CPUs (most of them!). The list_del_rcu()
-primitive omits the pointer poisoning debug-assist code that would
-otherwise cause concurrent readers to fail spectacularly.
-
-So, when readers can tolerate stale data and when entries are either added
-or deleted, without in-place modification, it is very easy to use RCU!
-
-
-Example 2: Handling In-Place Updates
-
-The system-call auditing code does not update auditing rules in place.
-However, if it did, reader-writer-locked code to do so might look as
-follows (presumably, the field_count is only permitted to decrease,
-otherwise, the added fields would need to be filled in):
-
- static inline int audit_upd_rule(struct audit_rule *rule,
- struct list_head *list,
- __u32 newaction,
- __u32 newfield_count)
- {
- struct audit_entry *e;
- struct audit_newentry *ne;
-
- write_lock(&auditsc_lock);
- /* Note: audit_netlink_sem held by caller. */
- list_for_each_entry(e, list, list) {
- if (!audit_compare_rule(rule, &e->rule)) {
- e->rule.action = newaction;
- e->rule.file_count = newfield_count;
- write_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
- return 0;
- }
- }
- write_unlock(&auditsc_lock);
- return -EFAULT; /* No matching rule */
- }
-
-The RCU version creates a copy, updates the copy, then replaces the old
-entry with the newly updated entry. This sequence of actions, allowing
-concurrent reads while doing a copy to perform an update, is what gives
-RCU ("read-copy update") its name. The RCU code is as follows:
-
- static inline int audit_upd_rule(struct audit_rule *rule,
- struct list_head *list,
- __u32 newaction,
- __u32 newfield_count)
- {
- struct audit_entry *e;
- struct audit_newentry *ne;
-
- list_for_each_entry(e, list, list) {
- if (!audit_compare_rule(rule, &e->rule)) {
- ne = kmalloc(sizeof(*entry), GFP_ATOMIC);
- if (ne == NULL)
- return -ENOMEM;
- audit_copy_rule(&ne->rule, &e->rule);
- ne->rule.action = newaction;
- ne->rule.file_count = newfield_count;
- list_replace_rcu(e, ne);
- call_rcu(&e->rcu, audit_free_rule, e);
- return 0;
- }
- }
- return -EFAULT; /* No matching rule */
- }
-
-Again, this assumes that the caller holds audit_netlink_sem. Normally,
-the reader-writer lock would become a spinlock in this sort of code.
-
-
-Example 3: Eliminating Stale Data
-
-The auditing examples above tolerate stale data, as do most algorithms
-that are tracking external state. Because there is a delay from the
-time the external state changes before Linux becomes aware of the change,
-additional RCU-induced staleness is normally not a problem.
-
-However, there are many examples where stale data cannot be tolerated.
-One example in the Linux kernel is the System V IPC (see the ipc_lock()
-function in ipc/util.c). This code checks a "deleted" flag under a
-per-entry spinlock, and, if the "deleted" flag is set, pretends that the
-entry does not exist. For this to be helpful, the search function must
-return holding the per-entry spinlock, as ipc_lock() does in fact do.
-
-Quick Quiz: Why does the search function need to return holding the
- per-entry lock for this deleted-flag technique to be helpful?
-
-If the system-call audit module were to ever need to reject stale data,
-one way to accomplish this would be to add a "deleted" flag and a "lock"
-spinlock to the audit_entry structure, and modify audit_filter_task()
-as follows:
-
- static enum audit_state audit_filter_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
- {
- struct audit_entry *e;
- enum audit_state state;
-
- rcu_read_lock();
- list_for_each_entry_rcu(e, &audit_tsklist, list) {
- if (audit_filter_rules(tsk, &e->rule, NULL, &state)) {
- spin_lock(&e->lock);
- if (e->deleted) {
- spin_unlock(&e->lock);
- rcu_read_unlock();
- return AUDIT_BUILD_CONTEXT;
- }
- rcu_read_unlock();
- return state;
- }
- }
- rcu_read_unlock();
- return AUDIT_BUILD_CONTEXT;
- }
-
-Note that this example assumes that entries are only added and deleted.
-Additional mechanism is required to deal correctly with the
-update-in-place performed by audit_upd_rule(). For one thing,
-audit_upd_rule() would need additional memory barriers to ensure
-that the list_add_rcu() was really executed before the list_del_rcu().
-
-The audit_del_rule() function would need to set the "deleted"
-flag under the spinlock as follows:
-
- static inline int audit_del_rule(struct audit_rule *rule,
- struct list_head *list)
- {
- struct audit_entry *e;
-
- /* Do not need to use the _rcu iterator here, since this
- * is the only deletion routine. */
- list_for_each_entry(e, list, list) {
- if (!audit_compare_rule(rule, &e->rule)) {
- spin_lock(&e->lock);
- list_del_rcu(&e->list);
- e->deleted = 1;
- spin_unlock(&e->lock);
- call_rcu(&e->rcu, audit_free_rule, e);
- return 0;
- }
- }
- return -EFAULT; /* No matching rule */
- }
-
-
-Summary
-
-Read-mostly list-based data structures that can tolerate stale data are
-the most amenable to use of RCU. The simplest case is where entries are
-either added or deleted from the data structure (or atomically modified
-in place), but non-atomic in-place modifications can be handled by making
-a copy, updating the copy, then replacing the original with the copy.
-If stale data cannot be tolerated, then a "deleted" flag may be used
-in conjunction with a per-entry spinlock in order to allow the search
-function to reject newly deleted data.
-
-
-Answer to Quick Quiz
- Why does the search function need to return holding the per-entry
- lock for this deleted-flag technique to be helpful?
-
- If the search function drops the per-entry lock before returning,
- then the caller will be processing stale data in any case. If it
- is really OK to be processing stale data, then you don't need a
- "deleted" flag. If processing stale data really is a problem,
- then you need to hold the per-entry lock across all of the code
- that uses the value that was returned.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/lockdep-splat.rst b/Documentation/RCU/lockdep-splat.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bcbc4b3c88d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/lockdep-splat.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================
+Lockdep-RCU Splat
+=================
+
+Lockdep-RCU was added to the Linux kernel in early 2010
+(http://lwn.net/Articles/371986/). This facility checks for some common
+misuses of the RCU API, most notably using one of the rcu_dereference()
+family to access an RCU-protected pointer without the proper protection.
+When such misuse is detected, an lockdep-RCU splat is emitted.
+
+The usual cause of a lockdep-RCU splat is someone accessing an
+RCU-protected data structure without either (1) being in the right kind of
+RCU read-side critical section or (2) holding the right update-side lock.
+This problem can therefore be serious: it might result in random memory
+overwriting or worse. There can of course be false positives, this
+being the real world and all that.
+
+So let's look at an example RCU lockdep splat from 3.0-rc5, one that
+has long since been fixed::
+
+ =============================
+ WARNING: suspicious RCU usage
+ -----------------------------
+ block/cfq-iosched.c:2776 suspicious rcu_dereference_protected() usage!
+
+other info that might help us debug this::
+
+ rcu_scheduler_active = 1, debug_locks = 0
+ 3 locks held by scsi_scan_6/1552:
+ #0: (&shost->scan_mutex){+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff8145efca>]
+ scsi_scan_host_selected+0x5a/0x150
+ #1: (&eq->sysfs_lock){+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff812a5032>]
+ elevator_exit+0x22/0x60
+ #2: (&(&q->__queue_lock)->rlock){-.-.}, at: [<ffffffff812b6233>]
+ cfq_exit_queue+0x43/0x190
+
+ stack backtrace:
+ Pid: 1552, comm: scsi_scan_6 Not tainted 3.0.0-rc5 #17
+ Call Trace:
+ [<ffffffff810abb9b>] lockdep_rcu_dereference+0xbb/0xc0
+ [<ffffffff812b6139>] __cfq_exit_single_io_context+0xe9/0x120
+ [<ffffffff812b626c>] cfq_exit_queue+0x7c/0x190
+ [<ffffffff812a5046>] elevator_exit+0x36/0x60
+ [<ffffffff812a802a>] blk_cleanup_queue+0x4a/0x60
+ [<ffffffff8145cc09>] scsi_free_queue+0x9/0x10
+ [<ffffffff81460944>] __scsi_remove_device+0x84/0xd0
+ [<ffffffff8145dca3>] scsi_probe_and_add_lun+0x353/0xb10
+ [<ffffffff817da069>] ? error_exit+0x29/0xb0
+ [<ffffffff817d98ed>] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x3d/0x80
+ [<ffffffff8145e722>] __scsi_scan_target+0x112/0x680
+ [<ffffffff812c690d>] ? trace_hardirqs_off_thunk+0x3a/0x3c
+ [<ffffffff817da069>] ? error_exit+0x29/0xb0
+ [<ffffffff812bcc60>] ? kobject_del+0x40/0x40
+ [<ffffffff8145ed16>] scsi_scan_channel+0x86/0xb0
+ [<ffffffff8145f0b0>] scsi_scan_host_selected+0x140/0x150
+ [<ffffffff8145f149>] do_scsi_scan_host+0x89/0x90
+ [<ffffffff8145f170>] do_scan_async+0x20/0x160
+ [<ffffffff8145f150>] ? do_scsi_scan_host+0x90/0x90
+ [<ffffffff810975b6>] kthread+0xa6/0xb0
+ [<ffffffff817db154>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10
+ [<ffffffff81066430>] ? finish_task_switch+0x80/0x110
+ [<ffffffff817d9c04>] ? retint_restore_args+0xe/0xe
+ [<ffffffff81097510>] ? __kthread_init_worker+0x70/0x70
+ [<ffffffff817db150>] ? gs_change+0xb/0xb
+
+Line 2776 of block/cfq-iosched.c in v3.0-rc5 is as follows::
+
+ if (rcu_dereference(ioc->ioc_data) == cic) {
+
+This form says that it must be in a plain vanilla RCU read-side critical
+section, but the "other info" list above shows that this is not the
+case. Instead, we hold three locks, one of which might be RCU related.
+And maybe that lock really does protect this reference. If so, the fix
+is to inform RCU, perhaps by changing __cfq_exit_single_io_context() to
+take the struct request_queue "q" from cfq_exit_queue() as an argument,
+which would permit us to invoke rcu_dereference_protected as follows::
+
+ if (rcu_dereference_protected(ioc->ioc_data,
+ lockdep_is_held(&q->queue_lock)) == cic) {
+
+With this change, there would be no lockdep-RCU splat emitted if this
+code was invoked either from within an RCU read-side critical section
+or with the ->queue_lock held. In particular, this would have suppressed
+the above lockdep-RCU splat because ->queue_lock is held (see #2 in the
+list above).
+
+On the other hand, perhaps we really do need an RCU read-side critical
+section. In this case, the critical section must span the use of the
+return value from rcu_dereference(), or at least until there is some
+reference count incremented or some such. One way to handle this is to
+add rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() as follows::
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ if (rcu_dereference(ioc->ioc_data) == cic) {
+ spin_lock(&ioc->lock);
+ rcu_assign_pointer(ioc->ioc_data, NULL);
+ spin_unlock(&ioc->lock);
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+With this change, the rcu_dereference() is always within an RCU
+read-side critical section, which again would have suppressed the
+above lockdep-RCU splat.
+
+But in this particular case, we don't actually dereference the pointer
+returned from rcu_dereference(). Instead, that pointer is just compared
+to the cic pointer, which means that the rcu_dereference() can be replaced
+by rcu_access_pointer() as follows::
+
+ if (rcu_access_pointer(ioc->ioc_data) == cic) {
+
+Because it is legal to invoke rcu_access_pointer() without protection,
+this change would also suppress the above lockdep-RCU splat.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst b/Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..741b157bbacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+========================
+RCU and lockdep checking
+========================
+
+All flavors of RCU have lockdep checking available, so that lockdep is
+aware of when each task enters and leaves any flavor of RCU read-side
+critical section. Each flavor of RCU is tracked separately (but note
+that this is not the case in 2.6.32 and earlier). This allows lockdep's
+tracking to include RCU state, which can sometimes help when debugging
+deadlocks and the like.
+
+In addition, RCU provides the following primitives that check lockdep's
+state::
+
+ rcu_read_lock_held() for normal RCU.
+ rcu_read_lock_bh_held() for RCU-bh.
+ rcu_read_lock_sched_held() for RCU-sched.
+ rcu_read_lock_any_held() for any of normal RCU, RCU-bh, and RCU-sched.
+ srcu_read_lock_held() for SRCU.
+ rcu_read_lock_trace_held() for RCU Tasks Trace.
+
+These functions are conservative, and will therefore return 1 if they
+aren't certain (for example, if CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC is not set).
+This prevents things like WARN_ON(!rcu_read_lock_held()) from giving false
+positives when lockdep is disabled.
+
+In addition, a separate kernel config parameter CONFIG_PROVE_RCU enables
+checking of rcu_dereference() primitives:
+
+ rcu_dereference(p):
+ Check for RCU read-side critical section.
+ rcu_dereference_bh(p):
+ Check for RCU-bh read-side critical section.
+ rcu_dereference_sched(p):
+ Check for RCU-sched read-side critical section.
+ srcu_dereference(p, sp):
+ Check for SRCU read-side critical section.
+ rcu_dereference_check(p, c):
+ Use explicit check expression "c" along with
+ rcu_read_lock_held(). This is useful in code that is
+ invoked by both RCU readers and updaters.
+ rcu_dereference_bh_check(p, c):
+ Use explicit check expression "c" along with
+ rcu_read_lock_bh_held(). This is useful in code that
+ is invoked by both RCU-bh readers and updaters.
+ rcu_dereference_sched_check(p, c):
+ Use explicit check expression "c" along with
+ rcu_read_lock_sched_held(). This is useful in code that
+ is invoked by both RCU-sched readers and updaters.
+ srcu_dereference_check(p, c):
+ Use explicit check expression "c" along with
+ srcu_read_lock_held(). This is useful in code that
+ is invoked by both SRCU readers and updaters.
+ rcu_dereference_raw(p):
+ Don't check. (Use sparingly, if at all.)
+ rcu_dereference_raw_check(p):
+ Don't do lockdep at all. (Use sparingly, if at all.)
+ rcu_dereference_protected(p, c):
+ Use explicit check expression "c", and omit all barriers
+ and compiler constraints. This is useful when the data
+ structure cannot change, for example, in code that is
+ invoked only by updaters.
+ rcu_access_pointer(p):
+ Return the value of the pointer and omit all barriers,
+ but retain the compiler constraints that prevent duplicating
+ or coalescing. This is useful when testing the
+ value of the pointer itself, for example, against NULL.
+
+The rcu_dereference_check() check expression can be any boolean
+expression, but would normally include a lockdep expression. For a
+moderately ornate example, consider the following::
+
+ file = rcu_dereference_check(fdt->fd[fd],
+ lockdep_is_held(&files->file_lock) ||
+ atomic_read(&files->count) == 1);
+
+This expression picks up the pointer "fdt->fd[fd]" in an RCU-safe manner,
+and, if CONFIG_PROVE_RCU is configured, verifies that this expression
+is used in:
+
+1. An RCU read-side critical section (implicit), or
+2. with files->file_lock held, or
+3. on an unshared files_struct.
+
+In case (1), the pointer is picked up in an RCU-safe manner for vanilla
+RCU read-side critical sections, in case (2) the ->file_lock prevents
+any change from taking place, and finally, in case (3) the current task
+is the only task accessing the file_struct, again preventing any change
+from taking place. If the above statement was invoked only from updater
+code, it could instead be written as follows::
+
+ file = rcu_dereference_protected(fdt->fd[fd],
+ lockdep_is_held(&files->file_lock) ||
+ atomic_read(&files->count) == 1);
+
+This would verify cases #2 and #3 above, and furthermore lockdep would
+complain even if this was used in an RCU read-side critical section unless
+one of these two cases held. Because rcu_dereference_protected() omits
+all barriers and compiler constraints, it generates better code than do
+the other flavors of rcu_dereference(). On the other hand, it is illegal
+to use rcu_dereference_protected() if either the RCU-protected pointer
+or the RCU-protected data that it points to can change concurrently.
+
+Like rcu_dereference(), when lockdep is enabled, RCU list and hlist
+traversal primitives check for being called from within an RCU read-side
+critical section. However, a lockdep expression can be passed to them
+as an additional optional argument. With this lockdep expression, these
+traversal primitives will complain only if the lockdep expression is
+false and they are called from outside any RCU read-side critical section.
+
+For example, the workqueue for_each_pwq() macro is intended to be used
+either within an RCU read-side critical section or with wq->mutex held.
+It is thus implemented as follows::
+
+ #define for_each_pwq(pwq, wq)
+ list_for_each_entry_rcu((pwq), &(wq)->pwqs, pwqs_node,
+ lock_is_held(&(wq->mutex).dep_map))
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rcu.rst b/Documentation/RCU/rcu.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf6617b330a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/rcu.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+.. _rcu_doc:
+
+RCU Concepts
+============
+
+The basic idea behind RCU (read-copy update) is to split destructive
+operations into two parts, one that prevents anyone from seeing the data
+item being destroyed, and one that actually carries out the destruction.
+A "grace period" must elapse between the two parts, and this grace period
+must be long enough that any readers accessing the item being deleted have
+since dropped their references. For example, an RCU-protected deletion
+from a linked list would first remove the item from the list, wait for
+a grace period to elapse, then free the element. See listRCU.rst for more
+information on using RCU with linked lists.
+
+Frequently Asked Questions
+--------------------------
+
+- Why would anyone want to use RCU?
+
+ The advantage of RCU's two-part approach is that RCU readers need
+ not acquire any locks, perform any atomic instructions, write to
+ shared memory, or (on CPUs other than Alpha) execute any memory
+ barriers. The fact that these operations are quite expensive
+ on modern CPUs is what gives RCU its performance advantages
+ in read-mostly situations. The fact that RCU readers need not
+ acquire locks can also greatly simplify deadlock-avoidance code.
+
+- How can the updater tell when a grace period has completed
+ if the RCU readers give no indication when they are done?
+
+ Just as with spinlocks, RCU readers are not permitted to
+ block, switch to user-mode execution, or enter the idle loop.
+ Therefore, as soon as a CPU is seen passing through any of these
+ three states, we know that that CPU has exited any previous RCU
+ read-side critical sections. So, if we remove an item from a
+ linked list, and then wait until all CPUs have switched context,
+ executed in user mode, or executed in the idle loop, we can
+ safely free up that item.
+
+ Preemptible variants of RCU (CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU) get the
+ same effect, but require that the readers manipulate CPU-local
+ counters. These counters allow limited types of blocking within
+ RCU read-side critical sections. SRCU also uses CPU-local
+ counters, and permits general blocking within RCU read-side
+ critical sections. These variants of RCU detect grace periods
+ by sampling these counters.
+
+- If I am running on a uniprocessor kernel, which can only do one
+ thing at a time, why should I wait for a grace period?
+
+ See UP.rst for more information.
+
+- How can I see where RCU is currently used in the Linux kernel?
+
+ Search for "rcu_read_lock", "rcu_read_unlock", "call_rcu",
+ "rcu_read_lock_bh", "rcu_read_unlock_bh", "srcu_read_lock",
+ "srcu_read_unlock", "synchronize_rcu", "synchronize_net",
+ "synchronize_srcu", and the other RCU primitives. Or grab one
+ of the cscope databases from:
+
+ (http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/linuxusage/rculocktab.html).
+
+- What guidelines should I follow when writing code that uses RCU?
+
+ See checklist.rst.
+
+- Why the name "RCU"?
+
+ "RCU" stands for "read-copy update".
+ listRCU.rst has more information on where this name came from, search
+ for "read-copy update" to find it.
+
+- I hear that RCU is patented? What is with that?
+
+ Yes, it is. There are several known patents related to RCU,
+ search for the string "Patent" in Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt to find them.
+ Of these, one was allowed to lapse by the assignee, and the
+ others have been contributed to the Linux kernel under GPL.
+ Many (but not all) have long since expired.
+ There are now also LGPL implementations of user-level RCU
+ available (https://liburcu.org/).
+
+- I hear that RCU needs work in order to support realtime kernels?
+
+ Realtime-friendly RCU are enabled via the CONFIG_PREEMPTION
+ kernel configuration parameter.
+
+- Where can I find more information on RCU?
+
+ See the Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt file.
+ Or point your browser at (https://docs.google.com/document/d/1X0lThx8OK0ZgLMqVoXiR4ZrGURHrXK6NyLRbeXe3Xac/edit)
+ or (https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GCdQC8SDbb54W1shjEXqGZ0Rq8a6kIeYutdSIajfpLA/edit?usp=sharing).
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rcu.txt b/Documentation/RCU/rcu.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 95821a29ae41..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/rcu.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-RCU Concepts
-
-
-The basic idea behind RCU (read-copy update) is to split destructive
-operations into two parts, one that prevents anyone from seeing the data
-item being destroyed, and one that actually carries out the destruction.
-A "grace period" must elapse between the two parts, and this grace period
-must be long enough that any readers accessing the item being deleted have
-since dropped their references. For example, an RCU-protected deletion
-from a linked list would first remove the item from the list, wait for
-a grace period to elapse, then free the element. See the listRCU.txt
-file for more information on using RCU with linked lists.
-
-
-Frequently Asked Questions
-
-o Why would anyone want to use RCU?
-
- The advantage of RCU's two-part approach is that RCU readers need
- not acquire any locks, perform any atomic instructions, write to
- shared memory, or (on CPUs other than Alpha) execute any memory
- barriers. The fact that these operations are quite expensive
- on modern CPUs is what gives RCU its performance advantages
- in read-mostly situations. The fact that RCU readers need not
- acquire locks can also greatly simplify deadlock-avoidance code.
-
-o How can the updater tell when a grace period has completed
- if the RCU readers give no indication when they are done?
-
- Just as with spinlocks, RCU readers are not permitted to
- block, switch to user-mode execution, or enter the idle loop.
- Therefore, as soon as a CPU is seen passing through any of these
- three states, we know that that CPU has exited any previous RCU
- read-side critical sections. So, if we remove an item from a
- linked list, and then wait until all CPUs have switched context,
- executed in user mode, or executed in the idle loop, we can
- safely free up that item.
-
- Preemptible variants of RCU (CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU) get the
- same effect, but require that the readers manipulate CPU-local
- counters. These counters allow limited types of blocking
- within RCU read-side critical sections. SRCU also uses
- CPU-local counters, and permits general blocking within
- RCU read-side critical sections. These two variants of
- RCU detect grace periods by sampling these counters.
-
-o If I am running on a uniprocessor kernel, which can only do one
- thing at a time, why should I wait for a grace period?
-
- See the UP.txt file in this directory.
-
-o How can I see where RCU is currently used in the Linux kernel?
-
- Search for "rcu_read_lock", "rcu_read_unlock", "call_rcu",
- "rcu_read_lock_bh", "rcu_read_unlock_bh", "call_rcu_bh",
- "srcu_read_lock", "srcu_read_unlock", "synchronize_rcu",
- "synchronize_net", "synchronize_srcu", and the other RCU
- primitives. Or grab one of the cscope databases from:
-
- http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/linuxusage/rculocktab.html
-
-o What guidelines should I follow when writing code that uses RCU?
-
- See the checklist.txt file in this directory.
-
-o Why the name "RCU"?
-
- "RCU" stands for "read-copy update". The file listRCU.txt has
- more information on where this name came from, search for
- "read-copy update" to find it.
-
-o I hear that RCU is patented? What is with that?
-
- Yes, it is. There are several known patents related to RCU,
- search for the string "Patent" in RTFP.txt to find them.
- Of these, one was allowed to lapse by the assignee, and the
- others have been contributed to the Linux kernel under GPL.
-
-o I hear that RCU needs work in order to support realtime kernels?
-
- This work is largely completed. Realtime-friendly RCU can be
- enabled via the CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU kernel configuration parameter.
- However, work is in progress for enabling priority boosting of
- preempted RCU read-side critical sections.This is needed if you
- have CPU-bound realtime threads.
-
-o Where can I find more information on RCU?
-
- See the RTFP.txt file in this directory.
- Or point your browser at http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/.
-
-o What are all these files in this directory?
-
-
- NMI-RCU.txt
-
- Describes how to use RCU to implement dynamic
- NMI handlers, which can be revectored on the fly,
- without rebooting.
-
- RTFP.txt
-
- List of RCU-related publications and web sites.
-
- UP.txt
-
- Discussion of RCU usage in UP kernels.
-
- arrayRCU.txt
-
- Describes how to use RCU to protect arrays, with
- resizeable arrays whose elements reference other
- data structures being of the most interest.
-
- checklist.txt
-
- Lists things to check for when inspecting code that
- uses RCU.
-
- listRCU.txt
-
- Describes how to use RCU to protect linked lists.
- This is the simplest and most common use of RCU
- in the Linux kernel.
-
- rcu.txt
-
- You are reading it!
-
- rcuref.txt
-
- Describes how to combine use of reference counts
- with RCU.
-
- whatisRCU.txt
-
- Overview of how the RCU implementation works. Along
- the way, presents a conceptual view of RCU.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rcu_dereference.rst b/Documentation/RCU/rcu_dereference.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2524dcdadde2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/rcu_dereference.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+.. _rcu_dereference_doc:
+
+PROPER CARE AND FEEDING OF RETURN VALUES FROM rcu_dereference()
+===============================================================
+
+Proper care and feeding of address and data dependencies is critically
+important to correct use of things like RCU. To this end, the pointers
+returned from the rcu_dereference() family of primitives carry address and
+data dependencies. These dependencies extend from the rcu_dereference()
+macro's load of the pointer to the later use of that pointer to compute
+either the address of a later memory access (representing an address
+dependency) or the value written by a later memory access (representing
+a data dependency).
+
+Most of the time, these dependencies are preserved, permitting you to
+freely use values from rcu_dereference(). For example, dereferencing
+(prefix "*"), field selection ("->"), assignment ("="), address-of
+("&"), casts, and addition or subtraction of constants all work quite
+naturally and safely. However, because current compilers do not take
+either address or data dependencies into account it is still possible
+to get into trouble.
+
+Follow these rules to preserve the address and data dependencies emanating
+from your calls to rcu_dereference() and friends, thus keeping your RCU
+readers working properly:
+
+- You must use one of the rcu_dereference() family of primitives
+ to load an RCU-protected pointer, otherwise CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
+ will complain. Worse yet, your code can see random memory-corruption
+ bugs due to games that compilers and DEC Alpha can play.
+ Without one of the rcu_dereference() primitives, compilers
+ can reload the value, and won't your code have fun with two
+ different values for a single pointer! Without rcu_dereference(),
+ DEC Alpha can load a pointer, dereference that pointer, and
+ return data preceding initialization that preceded the store
+ of the pointer. (As noted later, in recent kernels READ_ONCE()
+ also prevents DEC Alpha from playing these tricks.)
+
+ In addition, the volatile cast in rcu_dereference() prevents the
+ compiler from deducing the resulting pointer value. Please see
+ the section entitled "EXAMPLE WHERE THE COMPILER KNOWS TOO MUCH"
+ for an example where the compiler can in fact deduce the exact
+ value of the pointer, and thus cause misordering.
+
+- In the special case where data is added but is never removed
+ while readers are accessing the structure, READ_ONCE() may be used
+ instead of rcu_dereference(). In this case, use of READ_ONCE()
+ takes on the role of the lockless_dereference() primitive that
+ was removed in v4.15.
+
+- You are only permitted to use rcu_dereference() on pointer values.
+ The compiler simply knows too much about integral values to
+ trust it to carry dependencies through integer operations.
+ There are a very few exceptions, namely that you can temporarily
+ cast the pointer to uintptr_t in order to:
+
+ - Set bits and clear bits down in the must-be-zero low-order
+ bits of that pointer. This clearly means that the pointer
+ must have alignment constraints, for example, this does
+ *not* work in general for char* pointers.
+
+ - XOR bits to translate pointers, as is done in some
+ classic buddy-allocator algorithms.
+
+ It is important to cast the value back to pointer before
+ doing much of anything else with it.
+
+- Avoid cancellation when using the "+" and "-" infix arithmetic
+ operators. For example, for a given variable "x", avoid
+ "(x-(uintptr_t)x)" for char* pointers. The compiler is within its
+ rights to substitute zero for this sort of expression, so that
+ subsequent accesses no longer depend on the rcu_dereference(),
+ again possibly resulting in bugs due to misordering.
+
+ Of course, if "p" is a pointer from rcu_dereference(), and "a"
+ and "b" are integers that happen to be equal, the expression
+ "p+a-b" is safe because its value still necessarily depends on
+ the rcu_dereference(), thus maintaining proper ordering.
+
+- If you are using RCU to protect JITed functions, so that the
+ "()" function-invocation operator is applied to a value obtained
+ (directly or indirectly) from rcu_dereference(), you may need to
+ interact directly with the hardware to flush instruction caches.
+ This issue arises on some systems when a newly JITed function is
+ using the same memory that was used by an earlier JITed function.
+
+- Do not use the results from relational operators ("==", "!=",
+ ">", ">=", "<", or "<=") when dereferencing. For example,
+ the following (quite strange) code is buggy::
+
+ int *p;
+ int *q;
+
+ ...
+
+ p = rcu_dereference(gp)
+ q = &global_q;
+ q += p > &oom_p;
+ r1 = *q; /* BUGGY!!! */
+
+ As before, the reason this is buggy is that relational operators
+ are often compiled using branches. And as before, although
+ weak-memory machines such as ARM or PowerPC do order stores
+ after such branches, but can speculate loads, which can again
+ result in misordering bugs.
+
+- Be very careful about comparing pointers obtained from
+ rcu_dereference() against non-NULL values. As Linus Torvalds
+ explained, if the two pointers are equal, the compiler could
+ substitute the pointer you are comparing against for the pointer
+ obtained from rcu_dereference(). For example::
+
+ p = rcu_dereference(gp);
+ if (p == &default_struct)
+ do_default(p->a);
+
+ Because the compiler now knows that the value of "p" is exactly
+ the address of the variable "default_struct", it is free to
+ transform this code into the following::
+
+ p = rcu_dereference(gp);
+ if (p == &default_struct)
+ do_default(default_struct.a);
+
+ On ARM and Power hardware, the load from "default_struct.a"
+ can now be speculated, such that it might happen before the
+ rcu_dereference(). This could result in bugs due to misordering.
+
+ However, comparisons are OK in the following cases:
+
+ - The comparison was against the NULL pointer. If the
+ compiler knows that the pointer is NULL, you had better
+ not be dereferencing it anyway. If the comparison is
+ non-equal, the compiler is none the wiser. Therefore,
+ it is safe to compare pointers from rcu_dereference()
+ against NULL pointers.
+
+ - The pointer is never dereferenced after being compared.
+ Since there are no subsequent dereferences, the compiler
+ cannot use anything it learned from the comparison
+ to reorder the non-existent subsequent dereferences.
+ This sort of comparison occurs frequently when scanning
+ RCU-protected circular linked lists.
+
+ Note that if the pointer comparison is done outside
+ of an RCU read-side critical section, and the pointer
+ is never dereferenced, rcu_access_pointer() should be
+ used in place of rcu_dereference(). In most cases,
+ it is best to avoid accidental dereferences by testing
+ the rcu_access_pointer() return value directly, without
+ assigning it to a variable.
+
+ Within an RCU read-side critical section, there is little
+ reason to use rcu_access_pointer().
+
+ - The comparison is against a pointer that references memory
+ that was initialized "a long time ago." The reason
+ this is safe is that even if misordering occurs, the
+ misordering will not affect the accesses that follow
+ the comparison. So exactly how long ago is "a long
+ time ago"? Here are some possibilities:
+
+ - Compile time.
+
+ - Boot time.
+
+ - Module-init time for module code.
+
+ - Prior to kthread creation for kthread code.
+
+ - During some prior acquisition of the lock that
+ we now hold.
+
+ - Before mod_timer() time for a timer handler.
+
+ There are many other possibilities involving the Linux
+ kernel's wide array of primitives that cause code to
+ be invoked at a later time.
+
+ - The pointer being compared against also came from
+ rcu_dereference(). In this case, both pointers depend
+ on one rcu_dereference() or another, so you get proper
+ ordering either way.
+
+ That said, this situation can make certain RCU usage
+ bugs more likely to happen. Which can be a good thing,
+ at least if they happen during testing. An example
+ of such an RCU usage bug is shown in the section titled
+ "EXAMPLE OF AMPLIFIED RCU-USAGE BUG".
+
+ - All of the accesses following the comparison are stores,
+ so that a control dependency preserves the needed ordering.
+ That said, it is easy to get control dependencies wrong.
+ Please see the "CONTROL DEPENDENCIES" section of
+ Documentation/memory-barriers.txt for more details.
+
+ - The pointers are not equal *and* the compiler does
+ not have enough information to deduce the value of the
+ pointer. Note that the volatile cast in rcu_dereference()
+ will normally prevent the compiler from knowing too much.
+
+ However, please note that if the compiler knows that the
+ pointer takes on only one of two values, a not-equal
+ comparison will provide exactly the information that the
+ compiler needs to deduce the value of the pointer.
+
+- Disable any value-speculation optimizations that your compiler
+ might provide, especially if you are making use of feedback-based
+ optimizations that take data collected from prior runs. Such
+ value-speculation optimizations reorder operations by design.
+
+ There is one exception to this rule: Value-speculation
+ optimizations that leverage the branch-prediction hardware are
+ safe on strongly ordered systems (such as x86), but not on weakly
+ ordered systems (such as ARM or Power). Choose your compiler
+ command-line options wisely!
+
+
+EXAMPLE OF AMPLIFIED RCU-USAGE BUG
+----------------------------------
+
+Because updaters can run concurrently with RCU readers, RCU readers can
+see stale and/or inconsistent values. If RCU readers need fresh or
+consistent values, which they sometimes do, they need to take proper
+precautions. To see this, consider the following code fragment::
+
+ struct foo {
+ int a;
+ int b;
+ int c;
+ };
+ struct foo *gp1;
+ struct foo *gp2;
+
+ void updater(void)
+ {
+ struct foo *p;
+
+ p = kmalloc(...);
+ if (p == NULL)
+ deal_with_it();
+ p->a = 42; /* Each field in its own cache line. */
+ p->b = 43;
+ p->c = 44;
+ rcu_assign_pointer(gp1, p);
+ p->b = 143;
+ p->c = 144;
+ rcu_assign_pointer(gp2, p);
+ }
+
+ void reader(void)
+ {
+ struct foo *p;
+ struct foo *q;
+ int r1, r2;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ p = rcu_dereference(gp2);
+ if (p == NULL)
+ return;
+ r1 = p->b; /* Guaranteed to get 143. */
+ q = rcu_dereference(gp1); /* Guaranteed non-NULL. */
+ if (p == q) {
+ /* The compiler decides that q->c is same as p->c. */
+ r2 = p->c; /* Could get 44 on weakly order system. */
+ } else {
+ r2 = p->c - r1; /* Unconditional access to p->c. */
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ do_something_with(r1, r2);
+ }
+
+You might be surprised that the outcome (r1 == 143 && r2 == 44) is possible,
+but you should not be. After all, the updater might have been invoked
+a second time between the time reader() loaded into "r1" and the time
+that it loaded into "r2". The fact that this same result can occur due
+to some reordering from the compiler and CPUs is beside the point.
+
+But suppose that the reader needs a consistent view?
+
+Then one approach is to use locking, for example, as follows::
+
+ struct foo {
+ int a;
+ int b;
+ int c;
+ spinlock_t lock;
+ };
+ struct foo *gp1;
+ struct foo *gp2;
+
+ void updater(void)
+ {
+ struct foo *p;
+
+ p = kmalloc(...);
+ if (p == NULL)
+ deal_with_it();
+ spin_lock(&p->lock);
+ p->a = 42; /* Each field in its own cache line. */
+ p->b = 43;
+ p->c = 44;
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
+ rcu_assign_pointer(gp1, p);
+ spin_lock(&p->lock);
+ p->b = 143;
+ p->c = 144;
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
+ rcu_assign_pointer(gp2, p);
+ }
+
+ void reader(void)
+ {
+ struct foo *p;
+ struct foo *q;
+ int r1, r2;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ p = rcu_dereference(gp2);
+ if (p == NULL)
+ return;
+ spin_lock(&p->lock);
+ r1 = p->b; /* Guaranteed to get 143. */
+ q = rcu_dereference(gp1); /* Guaranteed non-NULL. */
+ if (p == q) {
+ /* The compiler decides that q->c is same as p->c. */
+ r2 = p->c; /* Locking guarantees r2 == 144. */
+ } else {
+ spin_lock(&q->lock);
+ r2 = q->c - r1;
+ spin_unlock(&q->lock);
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
+ do_something_with(r1, r2);
+ }
+
+As always, use the right tool for the job!
+
+
+EXAMPLE WHERE THE COMPILER KNOWS TOO MUCH
+-----------------------------------------
+
+If a pointer obtained from rcu_dereference() compares not-equal to some
+other pointer, the compiler normally has no clue what the value of the
+first pointer might be. This lack of knowledge prevents the compiler
+from carrying out optimizations that otherwise might destroy the ordering
+guarantees that RCU depends on. And the volatile cast in rcu_dereference()
+should prevent the compiler from guessing the value.
+
+But without rcu_dereference(), the compiler knows more than you might
+expect. Consider the following code fragment::
+
+ struct foo {
+ int a;
+ int b;
+ };
+ static struct foo variable1;
+ static struct foo variable2;
+ static struct foo *gp = &variable1;
+
+ void updater(void)
+ {
+ initialize_foo(&variable2);
+ rcu_assign_pointer(gp, &variable2);
+ /*
+ * The above is the only store to gp in this translation unit,
+ * and the address of gp is not exported in any way.
+ */
+ }
+
+ int reader(void)
+ {
+ struct foo *p;
+
+ p = gp;
+ barrier();
+ if (p == &variable1)
+ return p->a; /* Must be variable1.a. */
+ else
+ return p->b; /* Must be variable2.b. */
+ }
+
+Because the compiler can see all stores to "gp", it knows that the only
+possible values of "gp" are "variable1" on the one hand and "variable2"
+on the other. The comparison in reader() therefore tells the compiler
+the exact value of "p" even in the not-equals case. This allows the
+compiler to make the return values independent of the load from "gp",
+in turn destroying the ordering between this load and the loads of the
+return values. This can result in "p->b" returning pre-initialization
+garbage values on weakly ordered systems.
+
+In short, rcu_dereference() is *not* optional when you are going to
+dereference the resulting pointer.
+
+
+WHICH MEMBER OF THE rcu_dereference() FAMILY SHOULD YOU USE?
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+First, please avoid using rcu_dereference_raw() and also please avoid
+using rcu_dereference_check() and rcu_dereference_protected() with a
+second argument with a constant value of 1 (or true, for that matter).
+With that caution out of the way, here is some guidance for which
+member of the rcu_dereference() to use in various situations:
+
+1. If the access needs to be within an RCU read-side critical
+ section, use rcu_dereference(). With the new consolidated
+ RCU flavors, an RCU read-side critical section is entered
+ using rcu_read_lock(), anything that disables bottom halves,
+ anything that disables interrupts, or anything that disables
+ preemption. Please note that spinlock critical sections
+ are also implied RCU read-side critical sections, even when
+ they are preemptible, as they are in kernels built with
+ CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y.
+
+2. If the access might be within an RCU read-side critical section
+ on the one hand, or protected by (say) my_lock on the other,
+ use rcu_dereference_check(), for example::
+
+ p1 = rcu_dereference_check(p->rcu_protected_pointer,
+ lockdep_is_held(&my_lock));
+
+
+3. If the access might be within an RCU read-side critical section
+ on the one hand, or protected by either my_lock or your_lock on
+ the other, again use rcu_dereference_check(), for example::
+
+ p1 = rcu_dereference_check(p->rcu_protected_pointer,
+ lockdep_is_held(&my_lock) ||
+ lockdep_is_held(&your_lock));
+
+4. If the access is on the update side, so that it is always protected
+ by my_lock, use rcu_dereference_protected()::
+
+ p1 = rcu_dereference_protected(p->rcu_protected_pointer,
+ lockdep_is_held(&my_lock));
+
+ This can be extended to handle multiple locks as in #3 above,
+ and both can be extended to check other conditions as well.
+
+5. If the protection is supplied by the caller, and is thus unknown
+ to this code, that is the rare case when rcu_dereference_raw()
+ is appropriate. In addition, rcu_dereference_raw() might be
+ appropriate when the lockdep expression would be excessively
+ complex, except that a better approach in that case might be to
+ take a long hard look at your synchronization design. Still,
+ there are data-locking cases where any one of a very large number
+ of locks or reference counters suffices to protect the pointer,
+ so rcu_dereference_raw() does have its place.
+
+ However, its place is probably quite a bit smaller than one
+ might expect given the number of uses in the current kernel.
+ Ditto for its synonym, rcu_dereference_check( ... , 1), and
+ its close relative, rcu_dereference_protected(... , 1).
+
+
+SPARSE CHECKING OF RCU-PROTECTED POINTERS
+-----------------------------------------
+
+The sparse static-analysis tool checks for non-RCU access to RCU-protected
+pointers, which can result in "interesting" bugs due to compiler
+optimizations involving invented loads and perhaps also load tearing.
+For example, suppose someone mistakenly does something like this::
+
+ p = q->rcu_protected_pointer;
+ do_something_with(p->a);
+ do_something_else_with(p->b);
+
+If register pressure is high, the compiler might optimize "p" out
+of existence, transforming the code to something like this::
+
+ do_something_with(q->rcu_protected_pointer->a);
+ do_something_else_with(q->rcu_protected_pointer->b);
+
+This could fatally disappoint your code if q->rcu_protected_pointer
+changed in the meantime. Nor is this a theoretical problem: Exactly
+this sort of bug cost Paul E. McKenney (and several of his innocent
+colleagues) a three-day weekend back in the early 1990s.
+
+Load tearing could of course result in dereferencing a mashup of a pair
+of pointers, which also might fatally disappoint your code.
+
+These problems could have been avoided simply by making the code instead
+read as follows::
+
+ p = rcu_dereference(q->rcu_protected_pointer);
+ do_something_with(p->a);
+ do_something_else_with(p->b);
+
+Unfortunately, these sorts of bugs can be extremely hard to spot during
+review. This is where the sparse tool comes into play, along with the
+"__rcu" marker. If you mark a pointer declaration, whether in a structure
+or as a formal parameter, with "__rcu", which tells sparse to complain if
+this pointer is accessed directly. It will also cause sparse to complain
+if a pointer not marked with "__rcu" is accessed using rcu_dereference()
+and friends. For example, ->rcu_protected_pointer might be declared as
+follows::
+
+ struct foo __rcu *rcu_protected_pointer;
+
+Use of "__rcu" is opt-in. If you choose not to use it, then you should
+ignore the sparse warnings.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst b/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..12a7b059654f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+.. _rcu_barrier:
+
+RCU and Unloadable Modules
+==========================
+
+[Originally published in LWN Jan. 14, 2007: http://lwn.net/Articles/217484/]
+
+RCU updaters sometimes use call_rcu() to initiate an asynchronous wait for
+a grace period to elapse. This primitive takes a pointer to an rcu_head
+struct placed within the RCU-protected data structure and another pointer
+to a function that may be invoked later to free that structure. Code to
+delete an element p from the linked list from IRQ context might then be
+as follows::
+
+ list_del_rcu(p);
+ call_rcu(&p->rcu, p_callback);
+
+Since call_rcu() never blocks, this code can safely be used from within
+IRQ context. The function p_callback() might be defined as follows::
+
+ static void p_callback(struct rcu_head *rp)
+ {
+ struct pstruct *p = container_of(rp, struct pstruct, rcu);
+
+ kfree(p);
+ }
+
+
+Unloading Modules That Use call_rcu()
+-------------------------------------
+
+But what if the p_callback() function is defined in an unloadable module?
+
+If we unload the module while some RCU callbacks are pending,
+the CPUs executing these callbacks are going to be severely
+disappointed when they are later invoked, as fancifully depicted at
+http://lwn.net/images/ns/kernel/rcu-drop.jpg.
+
+We could try placing a synchronize_rcu() in the module-exit code path,
+but this is not sufficient. Although synchronize_rcu() does wait for a
+grace period to elapse, it does not wait for the callbacks to complete.
+
+One might be tempted to try several back-to-back synchronize_rcu()
+calls, but this is still not guaranteed to work. If there is a very
+heavy RCU-callback load, then some of the callbacks might be deferred in
+order to allow other processing to proceed. For but one example, such
+deferral is required in realtime kernels in order to avoid excessive
+scheduling latencies.
+
+
+rcu_barrier()
+-------------
+
+This situation can be handled by the rcu_barrier() primitive. Rather
+than waiting for a grace period to elapse, rcu_barrier() waits for all
+outstanding RCU callbacks to complete. Please note that rcu_barrier()
+does **not** imply synchronize_rcu(), in particular, if there are no RCU
+callbacks queued anywhere, rcu_barrier() is within its rights to return
+immediately, without waiting for anything, let alone a grace period.
+
+Pseudo-code using rcu_barrier() is as follows:
+
+ 1. Prevent any new RCU callbacks from being posted.
+ 2. Execute rcu_barrier().
+ 3. Allow the module to be unloaded.
+
+There is also an srcu_barrier() function for SRCU, and you of course
+must match the flavor of srcu_barrier() with that of call_srcu().
+If your module uses multiple srcu_struct structures, then it must also
+use multiple invocations of srcu_barrier() when unloading that module.
+For example, if it uses call_rcu(), call_srcu() on srcu_struct_1, and
+call_srcu() on srcu_struct_2, then the following three lines of code
+will be required when unloading::
+
+ 1 rcu_barrier();
+ 2 srcu_barrier(&srcu_struct_1);
+ 3 srcu_barrier(&srcu_struct_2);
+
+If latency is of the essence, workqueues could be used to run these
+three functions concurrently.
+
+An ancient version of the rcutorture module makes use of rcu_barrier()
+in its exit function as follows::
+
+ 1 static void
+ 2 rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
+ 3 {
+ 4 int i;
+ 5
+ 6 fullstop = 1;
+ 7 if (shuffler_task != NULL) {
+ 8 VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_shuffle task");
+ 9 kthread_stop(shuffler_task);
+ 10 }
+ 11 shuffler_task = NULL;
+ 12
+ 13 if (writer_task != NULL) {
+ 14 VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_writer task");
+ 15 kthread_stop(writer_task);
+ 16 }
+ 17 writer_task = NULL;
+ 18
+ 19 if (reader_tasks != NULL) {
+ 20 for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
+ 21 if (reader_tasks[i] != NULL) {
+ 22 VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING(
+ 23 "Stopping rcu_torture_reader task");
+ 24 kthread_stop(reader_tasks[i]);
+ 25 }
+ 26 reader_tasks[i] = NULL;
+ 27 }
+ 28 kfree(reader_tasks);
+ 29 reader_tasks = NULL;
+ 30 }
+ 31 rcu_torture_current = NULL;
+ 32
+ 33 if (fakewriter_tasks != NULL) {
+ 34 for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
+ 35 if (fakewriter_tasks[i] != NULL) {
+ 36 VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING(
+ 37 "Stopping rcu_torture_fakewriter task");
+ 38 kthread_stop(fakewriter_tasks[i]);
+ 39 }
+ 40 fakewriter_tasks[i] = NULL;
+ 41 }
+ 42 kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
+ 43 fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
+ 44 }
+ 45
+ 46 if (stats_task != NULL) {
+ 47 VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_stats task");
+ 48 kthread_stop(stats_task);
+ 49 }
+ 50 stats_task = NULL;
+ 51
+ 52 /* Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire. */
+ 53 rcu_barrier();
+ 54
+ 55 rcu_torture_stats_print(); /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
+ 56
+ 57 if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
+ 58 cur_ops->cleanup();
+ 59 if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error))
+ 60 rcu_torture_print_module_parms("End of test: FAILURE");
+ 61 else
+ 62 rcu_torture_print_module_parms("End of test: SUCCESS");
+ 63 }
+
+Line 6 sets a global variable that prevents any RCU callbacks from
+re-posting themselves. This will not be necessary in most cases, since
+RCU callbacks rarely include calls to call_rcu(). However, the rcutorture
+module is an exception to this rule, and therefore needs to set this
+global variable.
+
+Lines 7-50 stop all the kernel tasks associated with the rcutorture
+module. Therefore, once execution reaches line 53, no more rcutorture
+RCU callbacks will be posted. The rcu_barrier() call on line 53 waits
+for any pre-existing callbacks to complete.
+
+Then lines 55-62 print status and do operation-specific cleanup, and
+then return, permitting the module-unload operation to be completed.
+
+.. _rcubarrier_quiz_1:
+
+Quick Quiz #1:
+ Is there any other situation where rcu_barrier() might
+ be required?
+
+:ref:`Answer to Quick Quiz #1 <answer_rcubarrier_quiz_1>`
+
+Your module might have additional complications. For example, if your
+module invokes call_rcu() from timers, you will need to first refrain
+from posting new timers, cancel (or wait for) all the already-posted
+timers, and only then invoke rcu_barrier() to wait for any remaining
+RCU callbacks to complete.
+
+Of course, if your module uses call_rcu(), you will need to invoke
+rcu_barrier() before unloading. Similarly, if your module uses
+call_srcu(), you will need to invoke srcu_barrier() before unloading,
+and on the same srcu_struct structure. If your module uses call_rcu()
+**and** call_srcu(), then (as noted above) you will need to invoke
+rcu_barrier() **and** srcu_barrier().
+
+
+Implementing rcu_barrier()
+--------------------------
+
+Dipankar Sarma's implementation of rcu_barrier() makes use of the fact
+that RCU callbacks are never reordered once queued on one of the per-CPU
+queues. His implementation queues an RCU callback on each of the per-CPU
+callback queues, and then waits until they have all started executing, at
+which point, all earlier RCU callbacks are guaranteed to have completed.
+
+The original code for rcu_barrier() was roughly as follows::
+
+ 1 void rcu_barrier(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
+ 4 /* Take cpucontrol mutex to protect against CPU hotplug */
+ 5 mutex_lock(&rcu_barrier_mutex);
+ 6 init_completion(&rcu_barrier_completion);
+ 7 atomic_set(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count, 1);
+ 8 on_each_cpu(rcu_barrier_func, NULL, 0, 1);
+ 9 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count))
+ 10 complete(&rcu_barrier_completion);
+ 11 wait_for_completion(&rcu_barrier_completion);
+ 12 mutex_unlock(&rcu_barrier_mutex);
+ 13 }
+
+Line 3 verifies that the caller is in process context, and lines 5 and 12
+use rcu_barrier_mutex to ensure that only one rcu_barrier() is using the
+global completion and counters at a time, which are initialized on lines
+6 and 7. Line 8 causes each CPU to invoke rcu_barrier_func(), which is
+shown below. Note that the final "1" in on_each_cpu()'s argument list
+ensures that all the calls to rcu_barrier_func() will have completed
+before on_each_cpu() returns. Line 9 removes the initial count from
+rcu_barrier_cpu_count, and if this count is now zero, line 10 finalizes
+the completion, which prevents line 11 from blocking. Either way,
+line 11 then waits (if needed) for the completion.
+
+.. _rcubarrier_quiz_2:
+
+Quick Quiz #2:
+ Why doesn't line 8 initialize rcu_barrier_cpu_count to zero,
+ thereby avoiding the need for lines 9 and 10?
+
+:ref:`Answer to Quick Quiz #2 <answer_rcubarrier_quiz_2>`
+
+This code was rewritten in 2008 and several times thereafter, but this
+still gives the general idea.
+
+The rcu_barrier_func() runs on each CPU, where it invokes call_rcu()
+to post an RCU callback, as follows::
+
+ 1 static void rcu_barrier_func(void *notused)
+ 2 {
+ 3 int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+ 4 struct rcu_data *rdp = &per_cpu(rcu_data, cpu);
+ 5 struct rcu_head *head;
+ 6
+ 7 head = &rdp->barrier;
+ 8 atomic_inc(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count);
+ 9 call_rcu(head, rcu_barrier_callback);
+ 10 }
+
+Lines 3 and 4 locate RCU's internal per-CPU rcu_data structure,
+which contains the struct rcu_head that needed for the later call to
+call_rcu(). Line 7 picks up a pointer to this struct rcu_head, and line
+8 increments the global counter. This counter will later be decremented
+by the callback. Line 9 then registers the rcu_barrier_callback() on
+the current CPU's queue.
+
+The rcu_barrier_callback() function simply atomically decrements the
+rcu_barrier_cpu_count variable and finalizes the completion when it
+reaches zero, as follows::
+
+ 1 static void rcu_barrier_callback(struct rcu_head *notused)
+ 2 {
+ 3 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count))
+ 4 complete(&rcu_barrier_completion);
+ 5 }
+
+.. _rcubarrier_quiz_3:
+
+Quick Quiz #3:
+ What happens if CPU 0's rcu_barrier_func() executes
+ immediately (thus incrementing rcu_barrier_cpu_count to the
+ value one), but the other CPU's rcu_barrier_func() invocations
+ are delayed for a full grace period? Couldn't this result in
+ rcu_barrier() returning prematurely?
+
+:ref:`Answer to Quick Quiz #3 <answer_rcubarrier_quiz_3>`
+
+The current rcu_barrier() implementation is more complex, due to the need
+to avoid disturbing idle CPUs (especially on battery-powered systems)
+and the need to minimally disturb non-idle CPUs in real-time systems.
+In addition, a great many optimizations have been applied. However,
+the code above illustrates the concepts.
+
+
+rcu_barrier() Summary
+---------------------
+
+The rcu_barrier() primitive is used relatively infrequently, since most
+code using RCU is in the core kernel rather than in modules. However, if
+you are using RCU from an unloadable module, you need to use rcu_barrier()
+so that your module may be safely unloaded.
+
+
+Answers to Quick Quizzes
+------------------------
+
+.. _answer_rcubarrier_quiz_1:
+
+Quick Quiz #1:
+ Is there any other situation where rcu_barrier() might
+ be required?
+
+Answer:
+ Interestingly enough, rcu_barrier() was not originally
+ implemented for module unloading. Nikita Danilov was using
+ RCU in a filesystem, which resulted in a similar situation at
+ filesystem-unmount time. Dipankar Sarma coded up rcu_barrier()
+ in response, so that Nikita could invoke it during the
+ filesystem-unmount process.
+
+ Much later, yours truly hit the RCU module-unload problem when
+ implementing rcutorture, and found that rcu_barrier() solves
+ this problem as well.
+
+:ref:`Back to Quick Quiz #1 <rcubarrier_quiz_1>`
+
+.. _answer_rcubarrier_quiz_2:
+
+Quick Quiz #2:
+ Why doesn't line 8 initialize rcu_barrier_cpu_count to zero,
+ thereby avoiding the need for lines 9 and 10?
+
+Answer:
+ Suppose that the on_each_cpu() function shown on line 8 was
+ delayed, so that CPU 0's rcu_barrier_func() executed and
+ the corresponding grace period elapsed, all before CPU 1's
+ rcu_barrier_func() started executing. This would result in
+ rcu_barrier_cpu_count being decremented to zero, so that line
+ 11's wait_for_completion() would return immediately, failing to
+ wait for CPU 1's callbacks to be invoked.
+
+ Note that this was not a problem when the rcu_barrier() code
+ was first added back in 2005. This is because on_each_cpu()
+ disables preemption, which acted as an RCU read-side critical
+ section, thus preventing CPU 0's grace period from completing
+ until on_each_cpu() had dealt with all of the CPUs.
+
+ However, with the RCU flavor consolidation around v4.20, this
+ possibility was once again ruled out, because the consolidated
+ RCU once again waits on nonpreemptible regions of code.
+
+ Nevertheless, that extra count might still be a good idea.
+ Relying on these sort of accidents of implementation can result
+ in later surprise bugs when the implementation changes.
+
+:ref:`Back to Quick Quiz #2 <rcubarrier_quiz_2>`
+
+.. _answer_rcubarrier_quiz_3:
+
+Quick Quiz #3:
+ What happens if CPU 0's rcu_barrier_func() executes
+ immediately (thus incrementing rcu_barrier_cpu_count to the
+ value one), but the other CPU's rcu_barrier_func() invocations
+ are delayed for a full grace period? Couldn't this result in
+ rcu_barrier() returning prematurely?
+
+Answer:
+ This cannot happen. The reason is that on_each_cpu() has its last
+ argument, the wait flag, set to "1". This flag is passed through
+ to smp_call_function() and further to smp_call_function_on_cpu(),
+ causing this latter to spin until the cross-CPU invocation of
+ rcu_barrier_func() has completed. This by itself would prevent
+ a grace period from completing on non-CONFIG_PREEMPTION kernels,
+ since each CPU must undergo a context switch (or other quiescent
+ state) before the grace period can complete. However, this is
+ of no use in CONFIG_PREEMPTION kernels.
+
+ Therefore, on_each_cpu() disables preemption across its call
+ to smp_call_function() and also across the local call to
+ rcu_barrier_func(). Because recent RCU implementations treat
+ preemption-disabled regions of code as RCU read-side critical
+ sections, this prevents grace periods from completing. This
+ means that all CPUs have executed rcu_barrier_func() before
+ the first rcu_barrier_callback() can possibly execute, in turn
+ preventing rcu_barrier_cpu_count from prematurely reaching zero.
+
+ But if on_each_cpu() ever decides to forgo disabling preemption,
+ as might well happen due to real-time latency considerations,
+ initializing rcu_barrier_cpu_count to one will save the day.
+
+:ref:`Back to Quick Quiz #3 <rcubarrier_quiz_3>`
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst b/Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..21e40fcc08de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================================================
+Using RCU hlist_nulls to protect list and objects
+=================================================
+
+This section describes how to use hlist_nulls to
+protect read-mostly linked lists and
+objects using SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU allocations.
+
+Please read the basics in listRCU.rst.
+
+Using 'nulls'
+=============
+
+Using special makers (called 'nulls') is a convenient way
+to solve following problem.
+
+Without 'nulls', a typical RCU linked list managing objects which are
+allocated with SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU kmem_cache can use the following
+algorithms. Following examples assume 'obj' is a pointer to such
+objects, which is having below type.
+
+::
+
+ struct object {
+ struct hlist_node obj_node;
+ atomic_t refcnt;
+ unsigned int key;
+ };
+
+1) Lookup algorithm
+-------------------
+
+::
+
+ begin:
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ obj = lockless_lookup(key);
+ if (obj) {
+ if (!try_get_ref(obj)) { // might fail for free objects
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ goto begin;
+ }
+ /*
+ * Because a writer could delete object, and a writer could
+ * reuse these object before the RCU grace period, we
+ * must check key after getting the reference on object
+ */
+ if (obj->key != key) { // not the object we expected
+ put_ref(obj);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ goto begin;
+ }
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+Beware that lockless_lookup(key) cannot use traditional hlist_for_each_entry_rcu()
+but a version with an additional memory barrier (smp_rmb())
+
+::
+
+ lockless_lookup(key)
+ {
+ struct hlist_node *node, *next;
+ for (pos = rcu_dereference((head)->first);
+ pos && ({ next = pos->next; smp_rmb(); prefetch(next); 1; }) &&
+ ({ obj = hlist_entry(pos, typeof(*obj), obj_node); 1; });
+ pos = rcu_dereference(next))
+ if (obj->key == key)
+ return obj;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+And note the traditional hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() misses this smp_rmb()::
+
+ struct hlist_node *node;
+ for (pos = rcu_dereference((head)->first);
+ pos && ({ prefetch(pos->next); 1; }) &&
+ ({ obj = hlist_entry(pos, typeof(*obj), obj_node); 1; });
+ pos = rcu_dereference(pos->next))
+ if (obj->key == key)
+ return obj;
+ return NULL;
+
+Quoting Corey Minyard::
+
+ "If the object is moved from one list to another list in-between the
+ time the hash is calculated and the next field is accessed, and the
+ object has moved to the end of a new list, the traversal will not
+ complete properly on the list it should have, since the object will
+ be on the end of the new list and there's not a way to tell it's on a
+ new list and restart the list traversal. I think that this can be
+ solved by pre-fetching the "next" field (with proper barriers) before
+ checking the key."
+
+2) Insertion algorithm
+----------------------
+
+We need to make sure a reader cannot read the new 'obj->obj_node.next' value
+and previous value of 'obj->key'. Otherwise, an item could be deleted
+from a chain, and inserted into another chain. If new chain was empty
+before the move, 'next' pointer is NULL, and lockless reader can not
+detect the fact that it missed following items in original chain.
+
+::
+
+ /*
+ * Please note that new inserts are done at the head of list,
+ * not in the middle or end.
+ */
+ obj = kmem_cache_alloc(...);
+ lock_chain(); // typically a spin_lock()
+ obj->key = key;
+ atomic_set_release(&obj->refcnt, 1); // key before refcnt
+ hlist_add_head_rcu(&obj->obj_node, list);
+ unlock_chain(); // typically a spin_unlock()
+
+
+3) Removal algorithm
+--------------------
+
+Nothing special here, we can use a standard RCU hlist deletion.
+But thanks to SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, beware a deleted object can be reused
+very very fast (before the end of RCU grace period)
+
+::
+
+ if (put_last_reference_on(obj) {
+ lock_chain(); // typically a spin_lock()
+ hlist_del_init_rcu(&obj->obj_node);
+ unlock_chain(); // typically a spin_unlock()
+ kmem_cache_free(cachep, obj);
+ }
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Avoiding extra smp_rmb()
+========================
+
+With hlist_nulls we can avoid extra smp_rmb() in lockless_lookup().
+
+For example, if we choose to store the slot number as the 'nulls'
+end-of-list marker for each slot of the hash table, we can detect
+a race (some writer did a delete and/or a move of an object
+to another chain) checking the final 'nulls' value if
+the lookup met the end of chain. If final 'nulls' value
+is not the slot number, then we must restart the lookup at
+the beginning. If the object was moved to the same chain,
+then the reader doesn't care: It might occasionally
+scan the list again without harm.
+
+Note that using hlist_nulls means the type of 'obj_node' field of
+'struct object' becomes 'struct hlist_nulls_node'.
+
+
+1) lookup algorithm
+-------------------
+
+::
+
+ head = &table[slot];
+ begin:
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu(obj, node, head, obj_node) {
+ if (obj->key == key) {
+ if (!try_get_ref(obj)) { // might fail for free objects
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ goto begin;
+ }
+ if (obj->key != key) { // not the object we expected
+ put_ref(obj);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ goto begin;
+ }
+ goto out;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // If the nulls value we got at the end of this lookup is
+ // not the expected one, we must restart lookup.
+ // We probably met an item that was moved to another chain.
+ if (get_nulls_value(node) != slot) {
+ put_ref(obj);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ goto begin;
+ }
+ obj = NULL;
+
+ out:
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+2) Insert algorithm
+-------------------
+
+Same to the above one, but uses hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu() instead of
+hlist_add_head_rcu().
+
+::
+
+ /*
+ * Please note that new inserts are done at the head of list,
+ * not in the middle or end.
+ */
+ obj = kmem_cache_alloc(cachep);
+ lock_chain(); // typically a spin_lock()
+ obj->key = key;
+ atomic_set_release(&obj->refcnt, 1); // key before refcnt
+ /*
+ * insert obj in RCU way (readers might be traversing chain)
+ */
+ hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu(&obj->obj_node, list);
+ unlock_chain(); // typically a spin_unlock()
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rcuref.rst b/Documentation/RCU/rcuref.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b33aeb14fde3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/rcuref.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+====================================================================
+Reference-count design for elements of lists/arrays protected by RCU
+====================================================================
+
+
+Please note that the percpu-ref feature is likely your first
+stop if you need to combine reference counts and RCU. Please see
+include/linux/percpu-refcount.h for more information. However, in
+those unusual cases where percpu-ref would consume too much memory,
+please read on.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Reference counting on elements of lists which are protected by traditional
+reader/writer spinlocks or semaphores are straightforward:
+
+CODE LISTING A::
+
+ 1. 2.
+ add() search_and_reference()
+ { {
+ alloc_object read_lock(&list_lock);
+ ... search_for_element
+ atomic_set(&el->rc, 1); atomic_inc(&el->rc);
+ write_lock(&list_lock); ...
+ add_element read_unlock(&list_lock);
+ ... ...
+ write_unlock(&list_lock); }
+ }
+
+ 3. 4.
+ release_referenced() delete()
+ { {
+ ... write_lock(&list_lock);
+ if(atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc)) ...
+ kfree(el);
+ ... remove_element
+ } write_unlock(&list_lock);
+ ...
+ if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc))
+ kfree(el);
+ ...
+ }
+
+If this list/array is made lock free using RCU as in changing the
+write_lock() in add() and delete() to spin_lock() and changing read_lock()
+in search_and_reference() to rcu_read_lock(), the atomic_inc() in
+search_and_reference() could potentially hold reference to an element which
+has already been deleted from the list/array. Use atomic_inc_not_zero()
+in this scenario as follows:
+
+CODE LISTING B::
+
+ 1. 2.
+ add() search_and_reference()
+ { {
+ alloc_object rcu_read_lock();
+ ... search_for_element
+ atomic_set(&el->rc, 1); if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&el->rc)) {
+ spin_lock(&list_lock); rcu_read_unlock();
+ return FAIL;
+ add_element }
+ ... ...
+ spin_unlock(&list_lock); rcu_read_unlock();
+ } }
+ 3. 4.
+ release_referenced() delete()
+ { {
+ ... spin_lock(&list_lock);
+ if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc)) ...
+ call_rcu(&el->head, el_free); remove_element
+ ... spin_unlock(&list_lock);
+ } ...
+ if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc))
+ call_rcu(&el->head, el_free);
+ ...
+ }
+
+Sometimes, a reference to the element needs to be obtained in the
+update (write) stream. In such cases, atomic_inc_not_zero() might be
+overkill, since we hold the update-side spinlock. One might instead
+use atomic_inc() in such cases.
+
+It is not always convenient to deal with "FAIL" in the
+search_and_reference() code path. In such cases, the
+atomic_dec_and_test() may be moved from delete() to el_free()
+as follows:
+
+CODE LISTING C::
+
+ 1. 2.
+ add() search_and_reference()
+ { {
+ alloc_object rcu_read_lock();
+ ... search_for_element
+ atomic_set(&el->rc, 1); atomic_inc(&el->rc);
+ spin_lock(&list_lock); ...
+
+ add_element rcu_read_unlock();
+ ... }
+ spin_unlock(&list_lock); 4.
+ } delete()
+ 3. {
+ release_referenced() spin_lock(&list_lock);
+ { ...
+ ... remove_element
+ if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc)) spin_unlock(&list_lock);
+ kfree(el); ...
+ ... call_rcu(&el->head, el_free);
+ } ...
+ 5. }
+ void el_free(struct rcu_head *rhp)
+ {
+ release_referenced();
+ }
+
+The key point is that the initial reference added by add() is not removed
+until after a grace period has elapsed following removal. This means that
+search_and_reference() cannot find this element, which means that the value
+of el->rc cannot increase. Thus, once it reaches zero, there are no
+readers that can or ever will be able to reference the element. The
+element can therefore safely be freed. This in turn guarantees that if
+any reader finds the element, that reader may safely acquire a reference
+without checking the value of the reference counter.
+
+A clear advantage of the RCU-based pattern in listing C over the one
+in listing B is that any call to search_and_reference() that locates
+a given object will succeed in obtaining a reference to that object,
+even given a concurrent invocation of delete() for that same object.
+Similarly, a clear advantage of both listings B and C over listing A is
+that a call to delete() is not delayed even if there are an arbitrarily
+large number of calls to search_and_reference() searching for the same
+object that delete() was invoked on. Instead, all that is delayed is
+the eventual invocation of kfree(), which is usually not a problem on
+modern computer systems, even the small ones.
+
+In cases where delete() can sleep, synchronize_rcu() can be called from
+delete(), so that el_free() can be subsumed into delete as follows::
+
+ 4.
+ delete()
+ {
+ spin_lock(&list_lock);
+ ...
+ remove_element
+ spin_unlock(&list_lock);
+ ...
+ synchronize_rcu();
+ if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc))
+ kfree(el);
+ ...
+ }
+
+As additional examples in the kernel, the pattern in listing C is used by
+reference counting of struct pid, while the pattern in listing B is used by
+struct posix_acl.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rcuref.txt b/Documentation/RCU/rcuref.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 451de2ad8329..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/rcuref.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-Reference-count design for elements of lists/arrays protected by RCU.
-
-Reference counting on elements of lists which are protected by traditional
-reader/writer spinlocks or semaphores are straightforward:
-
-1. 2.
-add() search_and_reference()
-{ {
- alloc_object read_lock(&list_lock);
- ... search_for_element
- atomic_set(&el->rc, 1); atomic_inc(&el->rc);
- write_lock(&list_lock); ...
- add_element read_unlock(&list_lock);
- ... ...
- write_unlock(&list_lock); }
-}
-
-3. 4.
-release_referenced() delete()
-{ {
- ... write_lock(&list_lock);
- atomic_dec(&el->rc, relfunc) ...
- ... delete_element
-} write_unlock(&list_lock);
- ...
- if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc))
- kfree(el);
- ...
- }
-
-If this list/array is made lock free using RCU as in changing the
-write_lock() in add() and delete() to spin_lock and changing read_lock
-in search_and_reference to rcu_read_lock(), the atomic_get in
-search_and_reference could potentially hold reference to an element which
-has already been deleted from the list/array. Use atomic_inc_not_zero()
-in this scenario as follows:
-
-1. 2.
-add() search_and_reference()
-{ {
- alloc_object rcu_read_lock();
- ... search_for_element
- atomic_set(&el->rc, 1); if (atomic_inc_not_zero(&el->rc)) {
- write_lock(&list_lock); rcu_read_unlock();
- return FAIL;
- add_element }
- ... ...
- write_unlock(&list_lock); rcu_read_unlock();
-} }
-3. 4.
-release_referenced() delete()
-{ {
- ... write_lock(&list_lock);
- if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc)) ...
- call_rcu(&el->head, el_free); delete_element
- ... write_unlock(&list_lock);
-} ...
- if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc))
- call_rcu(&el->head, el_free);
- ...
- }
-
-Sometimes, a reference to the element needs to be obtained in the
-update (write) stream. In such cases, atomic_inc_not_zero() might be
-overkill, since we hold the update-side spinlock. One might instead
-use atomic_inc() in such cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d7c8eff63317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==============================
+Using RCU's CPU Stall Detector
+==============================
+
+This document first discusses what sorts of issues RCU's CPU stall
+detector can locate, and then discusses kernel parameters and Kconfig
+options that can be used to fine-tune the detector's operation. Finally,
+this document explains the stall detector's "splat" format.
+
+
+What Causes RCU CPU Stall Warnings?
+===================================
+
+So your kernel printed an RCU CPU stall warning. The next question is
+"What caused it?" The following problems can result in RCU CPU stall
+warnings:
+
+- A CPU looping in an RCU read-side critical section.
+
+- A CPU looping with interrupts disabled.
+
+- A CPU looping with preemption disabled.
+
+- A CPU looping with bottom halves disabled.
+
+- For !CONFIG_PREEMPTION kernels, a CPU looping anywhere in the
+ kernel without potentially invoking schedule(). If the looping
+ in the kernel is really expected and desirable behavior, you
+ might need to add some calls to cond_resched().
+
+- Booting Linux using a console connection that is too slow to
+ keep up with the boot-time console-message rate. For example,
+ a 115Kbaud serial console can be *way* too slow to keep up
+ with boot-time message rates, and will frequently result in
+ RCU CPU stall warning messages. Especially if you have added
+ debug printk()s.
+
+- Anything that prevents RCU's grace-period kthreads from running.
+ This can result in the "All QSes seen" console-log message.
+ This message will include information on when the kthread last
+ ran and how often it should be expected to run. It can also
+ result in the ``rcu_.*kthread starved for`` console-log message,
+ which will include additional debugging information.
+
+- A CPU-bound real-time task in a CONFIG_PREEMPTION kernel, which might
+ happen to preempt a low-priority task in the middle of an RCU
+ read-side critical section. This is especially damaging if
+ that low-priority task is not permitted to run on any other CPU,
+ in which case the next RCU grace period can never complete, which
+ will eventually cause the system to run out of memory and hang.
+ While the system is in the process of running itself out of
+ memory, you might see stall-warning messages.
+
+- A CPU-bound real-time task in a CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT kernel that
+ is running at a higher priority than the RCU softirq threads.
+ This will prevent RCU callbacks from ever being invoked,
+ and in a CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU kernel will further prevent
+ RCU grace periods from ever completing. Either way, the
+ system will eventually run out of memory and hang. In the
+ CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU case, you might see stall-warning
+ messages.
+
+ You can use the rcutree.kthread_prio kernel boot parameter to
+ increase the scheduling priority of RCU's kthreads, which can
+ help avoid this problem. However, please note that doing this
+ can increase your system's context-switch rate and thus degrade
+ performance.
+
+- A periodic interrupt whose handler takes longer than the time
+ interval between successive pairs of interrupts. This can
+ prevent RCU's kthreads and softirq handlers from running.
+ Note that certain high-overhead debugging options, for example
+ the function_graph tracer, can result in interrupt handler taking
+ considerably longer than normal, which can in turn result in
+ RCU CPU stall warnings.
+
+- Testing a workload on a fast system, tuning the stall-warning
+ timeout down to just barely avoid RCU CPU stall warnings, and then
+ running the same workload with the same stall-warning timeout on a
+ slow system. Note that thermal throttling and on-demand governors
+ can cause a single system to be sometimes fast and sometimes slow!
+
+- A hardware or software issue shuts off the scheduler-clock
+ interrupt on a CPU that is not in dyntick-idle mode. This
+ problem really has happened, and seems to be most likely to
+ result in RCU CPU stall warnings for CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON=n kernels.
+
+- A hardware or software issue that prevents time-based wakeups
+ from occurring. These issues can range from misconfigured or
+ buggy timer hardware through bugs in the interrupt or exception
+ path (whether hardware, firmware, or software) through bugs
+ in Linux's timer subsystem through bugs in the scheduler, and,
+ yes, even including bugs in RCU itself. It can also result in
+ the ``rcu_.*timer wakeup didn't happen for`` console-log message,
+ which will include additional debugging information.
+
+- A timer issue causes time to appear to jump forward, so that RCU
+ believes that the RCU CPU stall-warning timeout has been exceeded
+ when in fact much less time has passed. This could be due to
+ timer hardware bugs, timer driver bugs, or even corruption of
+ the "jiffies" global variable. These sorts of timer hardware
+ and driver bugs are not uncommon when testing new hardware.
+
+- A low-level kernel issue that either fails to invoke one of the
+ variants of rcu_eqs_enter(true), rcu_eqs_exit(true), ct_idle_enter(),
+ ct_idle_exit(), ct_irq_enter(), or ct_irq_exit() on the one
+ hand, or that invokes one of them too many times on the other.
+ Historically, the most frequent issue has been an omission
+ of either irq_enter() or irq_exit(), which in turn invoke
+ ct_irq_enter() or ct_irq_exit(), respectively. Building your
+ kernel with CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y can help track down these types
+ of issues, which sometimes arise in architecture-specific code.
+
+- A bug in the RCU implementation.
+
+- A hardware failure. This is quite unlikely, but is not at all
+ uncommon in large datacenter. In one memorable case some decades
+ back, a CPU failed in a running system, becoming unresponsive,
+ but not causing an immediate crash. This resulted in a series
+ of RCU CPU stall warnings, eventually leading to the realization
+ that the CPU had failed.
+
+The RCU, RCU-sched, RCU-tasks, and RCU-tasks-trace implementations have
+CPU stall warning. Note that SRCU does *not* have CPU stall warnings.
+Please note that RCU only detects CPU stalls when there is a grace period
+in progress. No grace period, no CPU stall warnings.
+
+To diagnose the cause of the stall, inspect the stack traces.
+The offending function will usually be near the top of the stack.
+If you have a series of stall warnings from a single extended stall,
+comparing the stack traces can often help determine where the stall
+is occurring, which will usually be in the function nearest the top of
+that portion of the stack which remains the same from trace to trace.
+If you can reliably trigger the stall, ftrace can be quite helpful.
+
+RCU bugs can often be debugged with the help of CONFIG_RCU_TRACE
+and with RCU's event tracing. For information on RCU's event tracing,
+see include/trace/events/rcu.h.
+
+
+Fine-Tuning the RCU CPU Stall Detector
+======================================
+
+The rcuupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress module parameter disables RCU's
+CPU stall detector, which detects conditions that unduly delay RCU grace
+periods. This module parameter enables CPU stall detection by default,
+but may be overridden via boot-time parameter or at runtime via sysfs.
+The stall detector's idea of what constitutes "unduly delayed" is
+controlled by a set of kernel configuration variables and cpp macros:
+
+CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT
+----------------------------
+
+ This kernel configuration parameter defines the period of time
+ that RCU will wait from the beginning of a grace period until it
+ issues an RCU CPU stall warning. This time period is normally
+ 21 seconds.
+
+ This configuration parameter may be changed at runtime via the
+ /sys/module/rcupdate/parameters/rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, however
+ this parameter is checked only at the beginning of a cycle.
+ So if you are 10 seconds into a 40-second stall, setting this
+ sysfs parameter to (say) five will shorten the timeout for the
+ *next* stall, or the following warning for the current stall
+ (assuming the stall lasts long enough). It will not affect the
+ timing of the next warning for the current stall.
+
+ Stall-warning messages may be enabled and disabled completely via
+ /sys/module/rcupdate/parameters/rcu_cpu_stall_suppress.
+
+CONFIG_RCU_EXP_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT
+--------------------------------
+
+ Same as the CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT parameter but only for
+ the expedited grace period. This parameter defines the period
+ of time that RCU will wait from the beginning of an expedited
+ grace period until it issues an RCU CPU stall warning. This time
+ period is normally 20 milliseconds on Android devices. A zero
+ value causes the CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT value to be used,
+ after conversion to milliseconds.
+
+ This configuration parameter may be changed at runtime via the
+ /sys/module/rcupdate/parameters/rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout, however
+ this parameter is checked only at the beginning of a cycle. If you
+ are in a current stall cycle, setting it to a new value will change
+ the timeout for the -next- stall.
+
+ Stall-warning messages may be enabled and disabled completely via
+ /sys/module/rcupdate/parameters/rcu_cpu_stall_suppress.
+
+RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA
+---------------------
+
+ Although the lockdep facility is extremely useful, it does add
+ some overhead. Therefore, under CONFIG_PROVE_RCU, the
+ RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA macro allows five extra seconds before
+ giving an RCU CPU stall warning message. (This is a cpp
+ macro, not a kernel configuration parameter.)
+
+RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY
+-------------------
+
+ The CPU stall detector tries to make the offending CPU print its
+ own warnings, as this often gives better-quality stack traces.
+ However, if the offending CPU does not detect its own stall in
+ the number of jiffies specified by RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY, then
+ some other CPU will complain. This delay is normally set to
+ two jiffies. (This is a cpp macro, not a kernel configuration
+ parameter.)
+
+rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_timeout
+-------------------------------
+
+ This boot/sysfs parameter controls the RCU-tasks and
+ RCU-tasks-trace stall warning intervals. A value of zero or less
+ suppresses RCU-tasks stall warnings. A positive value sets the
+ stall-warning interval in seconds. An RCU-tasks stall warning
+ starts with the line:
+
+ INFO: rcu_tasks detected stalls on tasks:
+
+ And continues with the output of sched_show_task() for each
+ task stalling the current RCU-tasks grace period.
+
+ An RCU-tasks-trace stall warning starts (and continues) similarly:
+
+ INFO: rcu_tasks_trace detected stalls on tasks
+
+
+Interpreting RCU's CPU Stall-Detector "Splats"
+==============================================
+
+For non-RCU-tasks flavors of RCU, when a CPU detects that some other
+CPU is stalling, it will print a message similar to the following::
+
+ INFO: rcu_sched detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:
+ 2-...: (3 GPs behind) idle=06c/0/0 softirq=1453/1455 fqs=0
+ 16-...: (0 ticks this GP) idle=81c/0/0 softirq=764/764 fqs=0
+ (detected by 32, t=2603 jiffies, g=7075, q=625)
+
+This message indicates that CPU 32 detected that CPUs 2 and 16 were both
+causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message
+will normally be followed by stack dumps for each CPU. Please note that
+PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs, and that
+the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421". It is even
+possible for an rcu_state stall to be caused by both CPUs *and* tasks,
+in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all be called out in the list.
+In some cases, CPUs will detect themselves stalling, which will result
+in a self-detected stall.
+
+CPU 2's "(3 GPs behind)" indicates that this CPU has not interacted with
+the RCU core for the past three grace periods. In contrast, CPU 16's "(0
+ticks this GP)" indicates that this CPU has not taken any scheduling-clock
+interrupts during the current stalled grace period.
+
+The "idle=" portion of the message prints the dyntick-idle state.
+The hex number before the first "/" is the low-order 16 bits of the
+dynticks counter, which will have an even-numbered value if the CPU
+is in dyntick-idle mode and an odd-numbered value otherwise. The hex
+number between the two "/"s is the value of the nesting, which will be
+a small non-negative number if in the idle loop (as shown above) and a
+very large positive number otherwise. The number following the final
+"/" is the NMI nesting, which will be a small non-negative number.
+
+The "softirq=" portion of the message tracks the number of RCU softirq
+handlers that the stalled CPU has executed. The number before the "/"
+is the number that had executed since boot at the time that this CPU
+last noted the beginning of a grace period, which might be the current
+(stalled) grace period, or it might be some earlier grace period (for
+example, if the CPU might have been in dyntick-idle mode for an extended
+time period). The number after the "/" is the number that have executed
+since boot until the current time. If this latter number stays constant
+across repeated stall-warning messages, it is possible that RCU's softirq
+handlers are no longer able to execute on this CPU. This can happen if
+the stalled CPU is spinning with interrupts are disabled, or, in -rt
+kernels, if a high-priority process is starving RCU's softirq handler.
+
+The "fqs=" shows the number of force-quiescent-state idle/offline
+detection passes that the grace-period kthread has made across this
+CPU since the last time that this CPU noted the beginning of a grace
+period.
+
+The "detected by" line indicates which CPU detected the stall (in this
+case, CPU 32), how many jiffies have elapsed since the start of the grace
+period (in this case 2603), the grace-period sequence number (7075), and
+an estimate of the total number of RCU callbacks queued across all CPUs
+(625 in this case).
+
+If the grace period ends just as the stall warning starts printing,
+there will be a spurious stall-warning message, which will include
+the following::
+
+ INFO: Stall ended before state dump start
+
+This is rare, but does happen from time to time in real life. It is also
+possible for a zero-jiffy stall to be flagged in this case, depending
+on how the stall warning and the grace-period initialization happen to
+interact. Please note that it is not possible to entirely eliminate this
+sort of false positive without resorting to things like stop_machine(),
+which is overkill for this sort of problem.
+
+If all CPUs and tasks have passed through quiescent states, but the
+grace period has nevertheless failed to end, the stall-warning splat
+will include something like the following::
+
+ All QSes seen, last rcu_preempt kthread activity 23807 (4297905177-4297881370), jiffies_till_next_fqs=3, root ->qsmask 0x0
+
+The "23807" indicates that it has been more than 23 thousand jiffies
+since the grace-period kthread ran. The "jiffies_till_next_fqs"
+indicates how frequently that kthread should run, giving the number
+of jiffies between force-quiescent-state scans, in this case three,
+which is way less than 23807. Finally, the root rcu_node structure's
+->qsmask field is printed, which will normally be zero.
+
+If the relevant grace-period kthread has been unable to run prior to
+the stall warning, as was the case in the "All QSes seen" line above,
+the following additional line is printed::
+
+ rcu_sched kthread starved for 23807 jiffies! g7075 f0x0 RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS(3) ->state=0x1 ->cpu=5
+ Unless rcu_sched kthread gets sufficient CPU time, OOM is now expected behavior.
+
+Starving the grace-period kthreads of CPU time can of course result
+in RCU CPU stall warnings even when all CPUs and tasks have passed
+through the required quiescent states. The "g" number shows the current
+grace-period sequence number, the "f" precedes the ->gp_flags command
+to the grace-period kthread, the "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS" indicates that the
+kthread is waiting for a short timeout, the "state" precedes value of the
+task_struct ->state field, and the "cpu" indicates that the grace-period
+kthread last ran on CPU 5.
+
+If the relevant grace-period kthread does not wake from FQS wait in a
+reasonable time, then the following additional line is printed::
+
+ kthread timer wakeup didn't happen for 23804 jiffies! g7076 f0x0 RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS(5) ->state=0x402
+
+The "23804" indicates that kthread's timer expired more than 23 thousand
+jiffies ago. The rest of the line has meaning similar to the kthread
+starvation case.
+
+Additionally, the following line is printed::
+
+ Possible timer handling issue on cpu=4 timer-softirq=11142
+
+Here "cpu" indicates that the grace-period kthread last ran on CPU 4,
+where it queued the fqs timer. The number following the "timer-softirq"
+is the current ``TIMER_SOFTIRQ`` count on cpu 4. If this value does not
+change on successive RCU CPU stall warnings, there is further reason to
+suspect a timer problem.
+
+These messages are usually followed by stack dumps of the CPUs and tasks
+involved in the stall. These stack traces can help you locate the cause
+of the stall, keeping in mind that the CPU detecting the stall will have
+an interrupt frame that is mainly devoted to detecting the stall.
+
+
+Multiple Warnings From One Stall
+================================
+
+If a stall lasts long enough, multiple stall-warning messages will
+be printed for it. The second and subsequent messages are printed at
+longer intervals, so that the time between (say) the first and second
+message will be about three times the interval between the beginning
+of the stall and the first message. It can be helpful to compare the
+stack dumps for the different messages for the same stalled grace period.
+
+
+Stall Warnings for Expedited Grace Periods
+==========================================
+
+If an expedited grace period detects a stall, it will place a message
+like the following in dmesg::
+
+ INFO: rcu_sched detected expedited stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 7-... } 21119 jiffies s: 73 root: 0x2/.
+
+This indicates that CPU 7 has failed to respond to a reschedule IPI.
+The three periods (".") following the CPU number indicate that the CPU
+is online (otherwise the first period would instead have been "O"),
+that the CPU was online at the beginning of the expedited grace period
+(otherwise the second period would have instead been "o"), and that
+the CPU has been online at least once since boot (otherwise, the third
+period would instead have been "N"). The number before the "jiffies"
+indicates that the expedited grace period has been going on for 21,119
+jiffies. The number following the "s:" indicates that the expedited
+grace-period sequence counter is 73. The fact that this last value is
+odd indicates that an expedited grace period is in flight. The number
+following "root:" is a bitmask that indicates which children of the root
+rcu_node structure correspond to CPUs and/or tasks that are blocking the
+current expedited grace period. If the tree had more than one level,
+additional hex numbers would be printed for the states of the other
+rcu_node structures in the tree.
+
+As with normal grace periods, PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by
+tasks as well as by CPUs, and that the tasks will be indicated by PID,
+for example, "P3421".
+
+It is entirely possible to see stall warnings from normal and from
+expedited grace periods at about the same time during the same run.
+
+RCU_CPU_STALL_CPUTIME
+=====================
+
+In kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_CPUTIME=y or booted with
+rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_cputime=1, the following additional information
+is supplied with each RCU CPU stall warning::
+
+ rcu: hardirqs softirqs csw/system
+ rcu: number: 624 45 0
+ rcu: cputime: 69 1 2425 ==> 2500(ms)
+
+These statistics are collected during the sampling period. The values
+in row "number:" are the number of hard interrupts, number of soft
+interrupts, and number of context switches on the stalled CPU. The
+first three values in row "cputime:" indicate the CPU time in
+milliseconds consumed by hard interrupts, soft interrupts, and tasks
+on the stalled CPU. The last number is the measurement interval, again
+in milliseconds. Because user-mode tasks normally do not cause RCU CPU
+stalls, these tasks are typically kernel tasks, which is why only the
+system CPU time are considered.
+
+The sampling period is shown as follows::
+
+ |<------------first timeout---------->|<-----second timeout----->|
+ |<--half timeout-->|<--half timeout-->| |
+ | |<--first period-->| |
+ | |<-----------second sampling period---------->|
+ | | | |
+ snapshot time point 1st-stall 2nd-stall
+
+The following describes four typical scenarios:
+
+1. A CPU looping with interrupts disabled.
+
+ ::
+
+ rcu: hardirqs softirqs csw/system
+ rcu: number: 0 0 0
+ rcu: cputime: 0 0 0 ==> 2500(ms)
+
+ Because interrupts have been disabled throughout the measurement
+ interval, there are no interrupts and no context switches.
+ Furthermore, because CPU time consumption was measured using interrupt
+ handlers, the system CPU consumption is misleadingly measured as zero.
+ This scenario will normally also have "(0 ticks this GP)" printed on
+ this CPU's summary line.
+
+2. A CPU looping with bottom halves disabled.
+
+ This is similar to the previous example, but with non-zero number of
+ and CPU time consumed by hard interrupts, along with non-zero CPU
+ time consumed by in-kernel execution::
+
+ rcu: hardirqs softirqs csw/system
+ rcu: number: 624 0 0
+ rcu: cputime: 49 0 2446 ==> 2500(ms)
+
+ The fact that there are zero softirqs gives a hint that these were
+ disabled, perhaps via local_bh_disable(). It is of course possible
+ that there were no softirqs, perhaps because all events that would
+ result in softirq execution are confined to other CPUs. In this case,
+ the diagnosis should continue as shown in the next example.
+
+3. A CPU looping with preemption disabled.
+
+ Here, only the number of context switches is zero::
+
+ rcu: hardirqs softirqs csw/system
+ rcu: number: 624 45 0
+ rcu: cputime: 69 1 2425 ==> 2500(ms)
+
+ This situation hints that the stalled CPU was looping with preemption
+ disabled.
+
+4. No looping, but massive hard and soft interrupts.
+
+ ::
+
+ rcu: hardirqs softirqs csw/system
+ rcu: number: xx xx 0
+ rcu: cputime: xx xx 0 ==> 2500(ms)
+
+ Here, the number and CPU time of hard interrupts are all non-zero,
+ but the number of context switches and the in-kernel CPU time consumed
+ are zero. The number and cputime of soft interrupts will usually be
+ non-zero, but could be zero, for example, if the CPU was spinning
+ within a single hard interrupt handler.
+
+ If this type of RCU CPU stall warning can be reproduced, you can
+ narrow it down by looking at /proc/interrupts or by writing code to
+ trace each interrupt, for example, by referring to show_interrupts().
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/torture.rst b/Documentation/RCU/torture.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1ad5cc793811
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/torture.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==========================
+RCU Torture Test Operation
+==========================
+
+
+CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST
+=======================
+
+The CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST config option is available for all RCU
+implementations. It creates an rcutorture kernel module that can
+be loaded to run a torture test. The test periodically outputs
+status messages via printk(), which can be examined via the dmesg
+command (perhaps grepping for "torture"). The test is started
+when the module is loaded, and stops when the module is unloaded.
+
+Module parameters are prefixed by "rcutorture." in
+Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt.
+
+Output
+======
+
+The statistics output is as follows::
+
+ rcu-torture:--- Start of test: nreaders=16 nfakewriters=4 stat_interval=30 verbose=0 test_no_idle_hz=1 shuffle_interval=3 stutter=5 irqreader=1 fqs_duration=0 fqs_holdoff=0 fqs_stutter=3 test_boost=1/0 test_boost_interval=7 test_boost_duration=4
+ rcu-torture: rtc: (null) ver: 155441 tfle: 0 rta: 155441 rtaf: 8884 rtf: 155440 rtmbe: 0 rtbe: 0 rtbke: 0 rtbre: 0 rtbf: 0 rtb: 0 nt: 3055767
+ rcu-torture: Reader Pipe: 727860534 34213 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ rcu-torture: Reader Batch: 727877838 17003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ rcu-torture: Free-Block Circulation: 155440 155440 155440 155440 155440 155440 155440 155440 155440 155440 0
+ rcu-torture:--- End of test: SUCCESS: nreaders=16 nfakewriters=4 stat_interval=30 verbose=0 test_no_idle_hz=1 shuffle_interval=3 stutter=5 irqreader=1 fqs_duration=0 fqs_holdoff=0 fqs_stutter=3 test_boost=1/0 test_boost_interval=7 test_boost_duration=4
+
+The command "dmesg | grep torture:" will extract this information on
+most systems. On more esoteric configurations, it may be necessary to
+use other commands to access the output of the printk()s used by
+the RCU torture test. The printk()s use KERN_ALERT, so they should
+be evident. ;-)
+
+The first and last lines show the rcutorture module parameters, and the
+last line shows either "SUCCESS" or "FAILURE", based on rcutorture's
+automatic determination as to whether RCU operated correctly.
+
+The entries are as follows:
+
+* "rtc": The hexadecimal address of the structure currently visible
+ to readers.
+
+* "ver": The number of times since boot that the RCU writer task
+ has changed the structure visible to readers.
+
+* "tfle": If non-zero, indicates that the "torture freelist"
+ containing structures to be placed into the "rtc" area is empty.
+ This condition is important, since it can fool you into thinking
+ that RCU is working when it is not. :-/
+
+* "rta": Number of structures allocated from the torture freelist.
+
+* "rtaf": Number of allocations from the torture freelist that have
+ failed due to the list being empty. It is not unusual for this
+ to be non-zero, but it is bad for it to be a large fraction of
+ the value indicated by "rta".
+
+* "rtf": Number of frees into the torture freelist.
+
+* "rtmbe": A non-zero value indicates that rcutorture believes that
+ rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() are not working
+ correctly. This value should be zero.
+
+* "rtbe": A non-zero value indicates that one of the rcu_barrier()
+ family of functions is not working correctly.
+
+* "rtbke": rcutorture was unable to create the real-time kthreads
+ used to force RCU priority inversion. This value should be zero.
+
+* "rtbre": Although rcutorture successfully created the kthreads
+ used to force RCU priority inversion, it was unable to set them
+ to the real-time priority level of 1. This value should be zero.
+
+* "rtbf": The number of times that RCU priority boosting failed
+ to resolve RCU priority inversion.
+
+* "rtb": The number of times that rcutorture attempted to force
+ an RCU priority inversion condition. If you are testing RCU
+ priority boosting via the "test_boost" module parameter, this
+ value should be non-zero.
+
+* "nt": The number of times rcutorture ran RCU read-side code from
+ within a timer handler. This value should be non-zero only
+ if you specified the "irqreader" module parameter.
+
+* "Reader Pipe": Histogram of "ages" of structures seen by readers.
+ If any entries past the first two are non-zero, RCU is broken.
+ And rcutorture prints the error flag string "!!!" to make sure
+ you notice. The age of a newly allocated structure is zero,
+ it becomes one when removed from reader visibility, and is
+ incremented once per grace period subsequently -- and is freed
+ after passing through (RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN-2) grace periods.
+
+ The output displayed above was taken from a correctly working
+ RCU. If you want to see what it looks like when broken, break
+ it yourself. ;-)
+
+* "Reader Batch": Another histogram of "ages" of structures seen
+ by readers, but in terms of counter flips (or batches) rather
+ than in terms of grace periods. The legal number of non-zero
+ entries is again two. The reason for this separate view is that
+ it is sometimes easier to get the third entry to show up in the
+ "Reader Batch" list than in the "Reader Pipe" list.
+
+* "Free-Block Circulation": Shows the number of torture structures
+ that have reached a given point in the pipeline. The first element
+ should closely correspond to the number of structures allocated,
+ the second to the number that have been removed from reader view,
+ and all but the last remaining to the corresponding number of
+ passes through a grace period. The last entry should be zero,
+ as it is only incremented if a torture structure's counter
+ somehow gets incremented farther than it should.
+
+Different implementations of RCU can provide implementation-specific
+additional information. For example, Tree SRCU provides the following
+additional line::
+
+ srcud-torture: Tree SRCU per-CPU(idx=0): 0(35,-21) 1(-4,24) 2(1,1) 3(-26,20) 4(28,-47) 5(-9,4) 6(-10,14) 7(-14,11) T(1,6)
+
+This line shows the per-CPU counter state, in this case for Tree SRCU
+using a dynamically allocated srcu_struct (hence "srcud-" rather than
+"srcu-"). The numbers in parentheses are the values of the "old" and
+"current" counters for the corresponding CPU. The "idx" value maps the
+"old" and "current" values to the underlying array, and is useful for
+debugging. The final "T" entry contains the totals of the counters.
+
+Usage on Specific Kernel Builds
+===============================
+
+It is sometimes desirable to torture RCU on a specific kernel build,
+for example, when preparing to put that kernel build into production.
+In that case, the kernel should be built with CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST=m
+so that the test can be started using modprobe and terminated using rmmod.
+
+For example, the following script may be used to torture RCU::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+
+ modprobe rcutorture
+ sleep 3600
+ rmmod rcutorture
+ dmesg | grep torture:
+
+The output can be manually inspected for the error flag of "!!!".
+One could of course create a more elaborate script that automatically
+checked for such errors. The "rmmod" command forces a "SUCCESS",
+"FAILURE", or "RCU_HOTPLUG" indication to be printk()ed. The first
+two are self-explanatory, while the last indicates that while there
+were no RCU failures, CPU-hotplug problems were detected.
+
+
+Usage on Mainline Kernels
+=========================
+
+When using rcutorture to test changes to RCU itself, it is often
+necessary to build a number of kernels in order to test that change
+across a broad range of combinations of the relevant Kconfig options
+and of the relevant kernel boot parameters. In this situation, use
+of modprobe and rmmod can be quite time-consuming and error-prone.
+
+Therefore, the tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh
+script is available for mainline testing for x86, arm64, and
+powerpc. By default, it will run the series of tests specified by
+tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/configs/rcu/CFLIST, with each test
+running for 30 minutes within a guest OS using a minimal userspace
+supplied by an automatically generated initrd. After the tests are
+complete, the resulting build products and console output are analyzed
+for errors and the results of the runs are summarized.
+
+On larger systems, rcutorture testing can be accelerated by passing the
+--cpus argument to kvm.sh. For example, on a 64-CPU system, "--cpus 43"
+would use up to 43 CPUs to run tests concurrently, which as of v5.4 would
+complete all the scenarios in two batches, reducing the time to complete
+from about eight hours to about one hour (not counting the time to build
+the sixteen kernels). The "--dryrun sched" argument will not run tests,
+but rather tell you how the tests would be scheduled into batches. This
+can be useful when working out how many CPUs to specify in the --cpus
+argument.
+
+Not all changes require that all scenarios be run. For example, a change
+to Tree SRCU might run only the SRCU-N and SRCU-P scenarios using the
+--configs argument to kvm.sh as follows: "--configs 'SRCU-N SRCU-P'".
+Large systems can run multiple copies of the full set of scenarios,
+for example, a system with 448 hardware threads can run five instances
+of the full set concurrently. To make this happen::
+
+ kvm.sh --cpus 448 --configs '5*CFLIST'
+
+Alternatively, such a system can run 56 concurrent instances of a single
+eight-CPU scenario::
+
+ kvm.sh --cpus 448 --configs '56*TREE04'
+
+Or 28 concurrent instances of each of two eight-CPU scenarios::
+
+ kvm.sh --cpus 448 --configs '28*TREE03 28*TREE04'
+
+Of course, each concurrent instance will use memory, which can be
+limited using the --memory argument, which defaults to 512M. Small
+values for memory may require disabling the callback-flooding tests
+using the --bootargs parameter discussed below.
+
+Sometimes additional debugging is useful, and in such cases the --kconfig
+parameter to kvm.sh may be used, for example, ``--kconfig 'CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y'``.
+In addition, there are the --gdb, --kasan, and --kcsan parameters.
+Note that --gdb limits you to one scenario per kvm.sh run and requires
+that you have another window open from which to run ``gdb`` as instructed
+by the script.
+
+Kernel boot arguments can also be supplied, for example, to control
+rcutorture's module parameters. For example, to test a change to RCU's
+CPU stall-warning code, use "--bootargs 'rcutorture.stall_cpu=30'".
+This will of course result in the scripting reporting a failure, namely
+the resulting RCU CPU stall warning. As noted above, reducing memory may
+require disabling rcutorture's callback-flooding tests::
+
+ kvm.sh --cpus 448 --configs '56*TREE04' --memory 128M \
+ --bootargs 'rcutorture.fwd_progress=0'
+
+Sometimes all that is needed is a full set of kernel builds. This is
+what the --buildonly parameter does.
+
+The --duration parameter can override the default run time of 30 minutes.
+For example, ``--duration 2d`` would run for two days, ``--duration 3h``
+would run for three hours, ``--duration 5m`` would run for five minutes,
+and ``--duration 45s`` would run for 45 seconds. This last can be useful
+for tracking down rare boot-time failures.
+
+Finally, the --trust-make parameter allows each kernel build to reuse what
+it can from the previous kernel build. Please note that without the
+--trust-make parameter, your tags files may be demolished.
+
+There are additional more arcane arguments that are documented in the
+source code of the kvm.sh script.
+
+If a run contains failures, the number of buildtime and runtime failures
+is listed at the end of the kvm.sh output, which you really should redirect
+to a file. The build products and console output of each run is kept in
+tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/res in timestamped directories. A
+given directory can be supplied to kvm-find-errors.sh in order to have
+it cycle you through summaries of errors and full error logs. For example::
+
+ tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-find-errors.sh \
+ tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/res/2020.01.20-15.54.23
+
+However, it is often more convenient to access the files directly.
+Files pertaining to all scenarios in a run reside in the top-level
+directory (2020.01.20-15.54.23 in the example above), while per-scenario
+files reside in a subdirectory named after the scenario (for example,
+"TREE04"). If a given scenario ran more than once (as in "--configs
+'56*TREE04'" above), the directories corresponding to the second and
+subsequent runs of that scenario include a sequence number, for example,
+"TREE04.2", "TREE04.3", and so on.
+
+The most frequently used file in the top-level directory is testid.txt.
+If the test ran in a git repository, then this file contains the commit
+that was tested and any uncommitted changes in diff format.
+
+The most frequently used files in each per-scenario-run directory are:
+
+.config:
+ This file contains the Kconfig options.
+
+Make.out:
+ This contains build output for a specific scenario.
+
+console.log:
+ This contains the console output for a specific scenario.
+ This file may be examined once the kernel has booted, but
+ it might not exist if the build failed.
+
+vmlinux:
+ This contains the kernel, which can be useful with tools like
+ objdump and gdb.
+
+A number of additional files are available, but are less frequently used.
+Many are intended for debugging of rcutorture itself or of its scripting.
+
+As of v5.4, a successful run with the default set of scenarios produces
+the following summary at the end of the run on a 12-CPU system::
+
+ SRCU-N ------- 804233 GPs (148.932/s) [srcu: g10008272 f0x0 ]
+ SRCU-P ------- 202320 GPs (37.4667/s) [srcud: g1809476 f0x0 ]
+ SRCU-t ------- 1122086 GPs (207.794/s) [srcu: g0 f0x0 ]
+ SRCU-u ------- 1111285 GPs (205.794/s) [srcud: g1 f0x0 ]
+ TASKS01 ------- 19666 GPs (3.64185/s) [tasks: g0 f0x0 ]
+ TASKS02 ------- 20541 GPs (3.80389/s) [tasks: g0 f0x0 ]
+ TASKS03 ------- 19416 GPs (3.59556/s) [tasks: g0 f0x0 ]
+ TINY01 ------- 836134 GPs (154.84/s) [rcu: g0 f0x0 ] n_max_cbs: 34198
+ TINY02 ------- 850371 GPs (157.476/s) [rcu: g0 f0x0 ] n_max_cbs: 2631
+ TREE01 ------- 162625 GPs (30.1157/s) [rcu: g1124169 f0x0 ]
+ TREE02 ------- 333003 GPs (61.6672/s) [rcu: g2647753 f0x0 ] n_max_cbs: 35844
+ TREE03 ------- 306623 GPs (56.782/s) [rcu: g2975325 f0x0 ] n_max_cbs: 1496497
+ CPU count limited from 16 to 12
+ TREE04 ------- 246149 GPs (45.5831/s) [rcu: g1695737 f0x0 ] n_max_cbs: 434961
+ TREE05 ------- 314603 GPs (58.2598/s) [rcu: g2257741 f0x2 ] n_max_cbs: 193997
+ TREE07 ------- 167347 GPs (30.9902/s) [rcu: g1079021 f0x0 ] n_max_cbs: 478732
+ CPU count limited from 16 to 12
+ TREE09 ------- 752238 GPs (139.303/s) [rcu: g13075057 f0x0 ] n_max_cbs: 99011
+
+
+Repeated Runs
+=============
+
+Suppose that you are chasing down a rare boot-time failure. Although you
+could use kvm.sh, doing so will rebuild the kernel on each run. If you
+need (say) 1,000 runs to have confidence that you have fixed the bug,
+these pointless rebuilds can become extremely annoying.
+
+This is why kvm-again.sh exists.
+
+Suppose that a previous kvm.sh run left its output in this directory::
+
+ tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/res/2022.11.03-11.26.28
+
+Then this run can be re-run without rebuilding as follow::
+
+ kvm-again.sh tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/res/2022.11.03-11.26.28
+
+A few of the original run's kvm.sh parameters may be overridden, perhaps
+most notably --duration and --bootargs. For example::
+
+ kvm-again.sh tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/res/2022.11.03-11.26.28 \
+ --duration 45s
+
+would re-run the previous test, but for only 45 seconds, thus facilitating
+tracking down the aforementioned rare boot-time failure.
+
+
+Distributed Runs
+================
+
+Although kvm.sh is quite useful, its testing is confined to a single
+system. It is not all that hard to use your favorite framework to cause
+(say) 5 instances of kvm.sh to run on your 5 systems, but this will very
+likely unnecessarily rebuild kernels. In addition, manually distributing
+the desired rcutorture scenarios across the available systems can be
+painstaking and error-prone.
+
+And this is why the kvm-remote.sh script exists.
+
+If the following command works::
+
+ ssh system0 date
+
+and if it also works for system1, system2, system3, system4, and system5,
+and all of these systems have 64 CPUs, you can type::
+
+ kvm-remote.sh "system0 system1 system2 system3 system4 system5" \
+ --cpus 64 --duration 8h --configs "5*CFLIST"
+
+This will build each default scenario's kernel on the local system, then
+spread each of five instances of each scenario over the systems listed,
+running each scenario for eight hours. At the end of the runs, the
+results will be gathered, recorded, and printed. Most of the parameters
+that kvm.sh will accept can be passed to kvm-remote.sh, but the list of
+systems must come first.
+
+The kvm.sh ``--dryrun scenarios`` argument is useful for working out
+how many scenarios may be run in one batch across a group of systems.
+
+You can also re-run a previous remote run in a manner similar to kvm.sh::
+
+ kvm-remote.sh "system0 system1 system2 system3 system4 system5" \
+ tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/res/2022.11.03-11.26.28-remote \
+ --duration 24h
+
+In this case, most of the kvm-again.sh parameters may be supplied following
+the pathname of the old run-results directory.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt b/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index a342b6e1cc10..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-RCU Torture Test Operation
-
-
-CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST
-
-The CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST config option is available for all RCU
-implementations. It creates an rcutorture kernel module that can
-be loaded to run a torture test. The test periodically outputs
-status messages via printk(), which can be examined via the dmesg
-command (perhaps grepping for "torture"). The test is started
-when the module is loaded, and stops when the module is unloaded.
-
-CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE
-
-It is also possible to specify CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST=y, which will
-result in the tests being loaded into the base kernel. In this case,
-the CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE config option is used to specify
-whether the RCU torture tests are to be started immediately during
-boot or whether the /proc/sys/kernel/rcutorture_runnable file is used
-to enable them. This /proc file can be used to repeatedly pause and
-restart the tests, regardless of the initial state specified by the
-CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE config option.
-
-You will normally -not- want to start the RCU torture tests during boot
-(and thus the default is CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE=n), but doing
-this can sometimes be useful in finding boot-time bugs.
-
-
-MODULE PARAMETERS
-
-This module has the following parameters:
-
-irqreaders Says to invoke RCU readers from irq level. This is currently
- done via timers. Defaults to "1" for variants of RCU that
- permit this. (Or, more accurately, variants of RCU that do
- -not- permit this know to ignore this variable.)
-
-nfakewriters This is the number of RCU fake writer threads to run. Fake
- writer threads repeatedly use the synchronous "wait for
- current readers" function of the interface selected by
- torture_type, with a delay between calls to allow for various
- different numbers of writers running in parallel.
- nfakewriters defaults to 4, which provides enough parallelism
- to trigger special cases caused by multiple writers, such as
- the synchronize_srcu() early return optimization.
-
-nreaders This is the number of RCU reading threads supported.
- The default is twice the number of CPUs. Why twice?
- To properly exercise RCU implementations with preemptible
- read-side critical sections.
-
-shuffle_interval
- The number of seconds to keep the test threads affinitied
- to a particular subset of the CPUs, defaults to 3 seconds.
- Used in conjunction with test_no_idle_hz.
-
-stat_interval The number of seconds between output of torture
- statistics (via printk()). Regardless of the interval,
- statistics are printed when the module is unloaded.
- Setting the interval to zero causes the statistics to
- be printed -only- when the module is unloaded, and this
- is the default.
-
-stutter The length of time to run the test before pausing for this
- same period of time. Defaults to "stutter=5", so as
- to run and pause for (roughly) five-second intervals.
- Specifying "stutter=0" causes the test to run continuously
- without pausing, which is the old default behavior.
-
-test_no_idle_hz Whether or not to test the ability of RCU to operate in
- a kernel that disables the scheduling-clock interrupt to
- idle CPUs. Boolean parameter, "1" to test, "0" otherwise.
- Defaults to omitting this test.
-
-torture_type The type of RCU to test: "rcu" for the rcu_read_lock() API,
- "rcu_sync" for rcu_read_lock() with synchronous reclamation,
- "rcu_bh" for the rcu_read_lock_bh() API, "rcu_bh_sync" for
- rcu_read_lock_bh() with synchronous reclamation, "srcu" for
- the "srcu_read_lock()" API, and "sched" for the use of
- preempt_disable() together with synchronize_sched().
-
-verbose Enable debug printk()s. Default is disabled.
-
-
-OUTPUT
-
-The statistics output is as follows:
-
- rcu-torture: --- Start of test: nreaders=16 stat_interval=0 verbose=0
- rcu-torture: rtc: 0000000000000000 ver: 1916 tfle: 0 rta: 1916 rtaf: 0 rtf: 1915
- rcu-torture: Reader Pipe: 1466408 9747 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- rcu-torture: Reader Batch: 1464477 11678 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- rcu-torture: Free-Block Circulation: 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 0
- rcu-torture: --- End of test
-
-The command "dmesg | grep torture:" will extract this information on
-most systems. On more esoteric configurations, it may be necessary to
-use other commands to access the output of the printk()s used by
-the RCU torture test. The printk()s use KERN_ALERT, so they should
-be evident. ;-)
-
-The entries are as follows:
-
-o "rtc": The hexadecimal address of the structure currently visible
- to readers.
-
-o "ver": The number of times since boot that the rcutw writer task
- has changed the structure visible to readers.
-
-o "tfle": If non-zero, indicates that the "torture freelist"
- containing structure to be placed into the "rtc" area is empty.
- This condition is important, since it can fool you into thinking
- that RCU is working when it is not. :-/
-
-o "rta": Number of structures allocated from the torture freelist.
-
-o "rtaf": Number of allocations from the torture freelist that have
- failed due to the list being empty.
-
-o "rtf": Number of frees into the torture freelist.
-
-o "Reader Pipe": Histogram of "ages" of structures seen by readers.
- If any entries past the first two are non-zero, RCU is broken.
- And rcutorture prints the error flag string "!!!" to make sure
- you notice. The age of a newly allocated structure is zero,
- it becomes one when removed from reader visibility, and is
- incremented once per grace period subsequently -- and is freed
- after passing through (RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN-2) grace periods.
-
- The output displayed above was taken from a correctly working
- RCU. If you want to see what it looks like when broken, break
- it yourself. ;-)
-
-o "Reader Batch": Another histogram of "ages" of structures seen
- by readers, but in terms of counter flips (or batches) rather
- than in terms of grace periods. The legal number of non-zero
- entries is again two. The reason for this separate view is that
- it is sometimes easier to get the third entry to show up in the
- "Reader Batch" list than in the "Reader Pipe" list.
-
-o "Free-Block Circulation": Shows the number of torture structures
- that have reached a given point in the pipeline. The first element
- should closely correspond to the number of structures allocated,
- the second to the number that have been removed from reader view,
- and all but the last remaining to the corresponding number of
- passes through a grace period. The last entry should be zero,
- as it is only incremented if a torture structure's counter
- somehow gets incremented farther than it should.
-
-Different implementations of RCU can provide implementation-specific
-additional information. For example, SRCU provides the following:
-
- srcu-torture: rtc: f8cf46a8 ver: 355 tfle: 0 rta: 356 rtaf: 0 rtf: 346 rtmbe: 0
- srcu-torture: Reader Pipe: 559738 939 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- srcu-torture: Reader Batch: 560434 243 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- srcu-torture: Free-Block Circulation: 355 354 353 352 351 350 349 348 347 346 0
- srcu-torture: per-CPU(idx=1): 0(0,1) 1(0,1) 2(0,0) 3(0,1)
-
-The first four lines are similar to those for RCU. The last line shows
-the per-CPU counter state. The numbers in parentheses are the values
-of the "old" and "current" counters for the corresponding CPU. The
-"idx" value maps the "old" and "current" values to the underlying array,
-and is useful for debugging.
-
-
-USAGE
-
-The following script may be used to torture RCU:
-
- #!/bin/sh
-
- modprobe rcutorture
- sleep 100
- rmmod rcutorture
- dmesg | grep torture:
-
-The output can be manually inspected for the error flag of "!!!".
-One could of course create a more elaborate script that automatically
-checked for such errors. The "rmmod" command forces a "SUCCESS" or
-"FAILURE" indication to be printk()ed.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.rst b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cf0b0ac9f463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,1412 @@
+.. _whatisrcu_doc:
+
+What is RCU? -- "Read, Copy, Update"
+======================================
+
+Please note that the "What is RCU?" LWN series is an excellent place
+to start learning about RCU:
+
+| 1. What is RCU, Fundamentally? https://lwn.net/Articles/262464/
+| 2. What is RCU? Part 2: Usage https://lwn.net/Articles/263130/
+| 3. RCU part 3: the RCU API https://lwn.net/Articles/264090/
+| 4. The RCU API, 2010 Edition https://lwn.net/Articles/418853/
+| 2010 Big API Table https://lwn.net/Articles/419086/
+| 5. The RCU API, 2014 Edition https://lwn.net/Articles/609904/
+| 2014 Big API Table https://lwn.net/Articles/609973/
+| 6. The RCU API, 2019 Edition https://lwn.net/Articles/777036/
+| 2019 Big API Table https://lwn.net/Articles/777165/
+| 7. The RCU API, 2024 Edition https://lwn.net/Articles/988638/
+| 2024 Background Information https://lwn.net/Articles/988641/
+| 2024 Big API Table https://lwn.net/Articles/988666/
+
+For those preferring video:
+
+| 1. Unraveling RCU Mysteries: Fundamentals https://www.linuxfoundation.org/webinars/unraveling-rcu-usage-mysteries
+| 2. Unraveling RCU Mysteries: Additional Use Cases https://www.linuxfoundation.org/webinars/unraveling-rcu-usage-mysteries-additional-use-cases
+
+
+What is RCU?
+
+RCU is a synchronization mechanism that was added to the Linux kernel
+during the 2.5 development effort that is optimized for read-mostly
+situations. Although RCU is actually quite simple, making effective use
+of it requires you to think differently about your code. Another part
+of the problem is the mistaken assumption that there is "one true way" to
+describe and to use RCU. Instead, the experience has been that different
+people must take different paths to arrive at an understanding of RCU,
+depending on their experiences and use cases. This document provides
+several different paths, as follows:
+
+:ref:`1. RCU OVERVIEW <1_whatisRCU>`
+
+:ref:`2. WHAT IS RCU'S CORE API? <2_whatisRCU>`
+
+:ref:`3. WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLE USES OF CORE RCU API? <3_whatisRCU>`
+
+:ref:`4. WHAT IF MY UPDATING THREAD CANNOT BLOCK? <4_whatisRCU>`
+
+:ref:`5. WHAT ARE SOME SIMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONS OF RCU? <5_whatisRCU>`
+
+:ref:`6. ANALOGY WITH READER-WRITER LOCKING <6_whatisRCU>`
+
+:ref:`7. ANALOGY WITH REFERENCE COUNTING <7_whatisRCU>`
+
+:ref:`8. FULL LIST OF RCU APIs <8_whatisRCU>`
+
+:ref:`9. ANSWERS TO QUICK QUIZZES <9_whatisRCU>`
+
+People who prefer starting with a conceptual overview should focus on
+Section 1, though most readers will profit by reading this section at
+some point. People who prefer to start with an API that they can then
+experiment with should focus on Section 2. People who prefer to start
+with example uses should focus on Sections 3 and 4. People who need to
+understand the RCU implementation should focus on Section 5, then dive
+into the kernel source code. People who reason best by analogy should
+focus on Section 6 and 7. Section 8 serves as an index to the docbook
+API documentation, and Section 9 is the traditional answer key.
+
+So, start with the section that makes the most sense to you and your
+preferred method of learning. If you need to know everything about
+everything, feel free to read the whole thing -- but if you are really
+that type of person, you have perused the source code and will therefore
+never need this document anyway. ;-)
+
+.. _1_whatisRCU:
+
+1. RCU OVERVIEW
+----------------
+
+The basic idea behind RCU is to split updates into "removal" and
+"reclamation" phases. The removal phase removes references to data items
+within a data structure (possibly by replacing them with references to
+new versions of these data items), and can run concurrently with readers.
+The reason that it is safe to run the removal phase concurrently with
+readers is the semantics of modern CPUs guarantee that readers will see
+either the old or the new version of the data structure rather than a
+partially updated reference. The reclamation phase does the work of reclaiming
+(e.g., freeing) the data items removed from the data structure during the
+removal phase. Because reclaiming data items can disrupt any readers
+concurrently referencing those data items, the reclamation phase must
+not start until readers no longer hold references to those data items.
+
+Splitting the update into removal and reclamation phases permits the
+updater to perform the removal phase immediately, and to defer the
+reclamation phase until all readers active during the removal phase have
+completed, either by blocking until they finish or by registering a
+callback that is invoked after they finish. Only readers that are active
+during the removal phase need be considered, because any reader starting
+after the removal phase will be unable to gain a reference to the removed
+data items, and therefore cannot be disrupted by the reclamation phase.
+
+So the typical RCU update sequence goes something like the following:
+
+a. Remove pointers to a data structure, so that subsequent
+ readers cannot gain a reference to it.
+
+b. Wait for all previous readers to complete their RCU read-side
+ critical sections.
+
+c. At this point, there cannot be any readers who hold references
+ to the data structure, so it now may safely be reclaimed
+ (e.g., kfree()d).
+
+Step (b) above is the key idea underlying RCU's deferred destruction.
+The ability to wait until all readers are done allows RCU readers to
+use much lighter-weight synchronization, in some cases, absolutely no
+synchronization at all. In contrast, in more conventional lock-based
+schemes, readers must use heavy-weight synchronization in order to
+prevent an updater from deleting the data structure out from under them.
+This is because lock-based updaters typically update data items in place,
+and must therefore exclude readers. In contrast, RCU-based updaters
+typically take advantage of the fact that writes to single aligned
+pointers are atomic on modern CPUs, allowing atomic insertion, removal,
+and replacement of data items in a linked structure without disrupting
+readers. Concurrent RCU readers can then continue accessing the old
+versions, and can dispense with the atomic operations, memory barriers,
+and communications cache misses that are so expensive on present-day
+SMP computer systems, even in absence of lock contention.
+
+In the three-step procedure shown above, the updater is performing both
+the removal and the reclamation step, but it is often helpful for an
+entirely different thread to do the reclamation, as is in fact the case
+in the Linux kernel's directory-entry cache (dcache). Even if the same
+thread performs both the update step (step (a) above) and the reclamation
+step (step (c) above), it is often helpful to think of them separately.
+For example, RCU readers and updaters need not communicate at all,
+but RCU provides implicit low-overhead communication between readers
+and reclaimers, namely, in step (b) above.
+
+So how the heck can a reclaimer tell when a reader is done, given
+that readers are not doing any sort of synchronization operations???
+Read on to learn about how RCU's API makes this easy.
+
+.. _2_whatisRCU:
+
+2. WHAT IS RCU'S CORE API?
+---------------------------
+
+The core RCU API is quite small:
+
+a. rcu_read_lock()
+b. rcu_read_unlock()
+c. synchronize_rcu() / call_rcu()
+d. rcu_assign_pointer()
+e. rcu_dereference()
+
+There are many other members of the RCU API, but the rest can be
+expressed in terms of these five, though most implementations instead
+express synchronize_rcu() in terms of the call_rcu() callback API.
+
+The five core RCU APIs are described below, the other 18 will be enumerated
+later. See the kernel docbook documentation for more info, or look directly
+at the function header comments.
+
+rcu_read_lock()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+ void rcu_read_lock(void);
+
+ This temporal primitive is used by a reader to inform the
+ reclaimer that the reader is entering an RCU read-side critical
+ section. It is illegal to block while in an RCU read-side
+ critical section, though kernels built with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
+ can preempt RCU read-side critical sections. Any RCU-protected
+ data structure accessed during an RCU read-side critical section
+ is guaranteed to remain unreclaimed for the full duration of that
+ critical section. Reference counts may be used in conjunction
+ with RCU to maintain longer-term references to data structures.
+
+ Note that anything that disables bottom halves, preemption,
+ or interrupts also enters an RCU read-side critical section.
+ Acquiring a spinlock also enters an RCU read-side critical
+ sections, even for spinlocks that do not disable preemption,
+ as is the case in kernels built with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y.
+ Sleeplocks do *not* enter RCU read-side critical sections.
+
+rcu_read_unlock()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+ void rcu_read_unlock(void);
+
+ This temporal primitives is used by a reader to inform the
+ reclaimer that the reader is exiting an RCU read-side critical
+ section. Anything that enables bottom halves, preemption,
+ or interrupts also exits an RCU read-side critical section.
+ Releasing a spinlock also exits an RCU read-side critical section.
+
+ Note that RCU read-side critical sections may be nested and/or
+ overlapping.
+
+synchronize_rcu()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+ void synchronize_rcu(void);
+
+ This temporal primitive marks the end of updater code and the
+ beginning of reclaimer code. It does this by blocking until
+ all pre-existing RCU read-side critical sections on all CPUs
+ have completed. Note that synchronize_rcu() will **not**
+ necessarily wait for any subsequent RCU read-side critical
+ sections to complete. For example, consider the following
+ sequence of events::
+
+ CPU 0 CPU 1 CPU 2
+ ----------------- ------------------------- ---------------
+ 1. rcu_read_lock()
+ 2. enters synchronize_rcu()
+ 3. rcu_read_lock()
+ 4. rcu_read_unlock()
+ 5. exits synchronize_rcu()
+ 6. rcu_read_unlock()
+
+ To reiterate, synchronize_rcu() waits only for ongoing RCU
+ read-side critical sections to complete, not necessarily for
+ any that begin after synchronize_rcu() is invoked.
+
+ Of course, synchronize_rcu() does not necessarily return
+ **immediately** after the last pre-existing RCU read-side critical
+ section completes. For one thing, there might well be scheduling
+ delays. For another thing, many RCU implementations process
+ requests in batches in order to improve efficiencies, which can
+ further delay synchronize_rcu().
+
+ Since synchronize_rcu() is the API that must figure out when
+ readers are done, its implementation is key to RCU. For RCU
+ to be useful in all but the most read-intensive situations,
+ synchronize_rcu()'s overhead must also be quite small.
+
+ The call_rcu() API is an asynchronous callback form of
+ synchronize_rcu(), and is described in more detail in a later
+ section. Instead of blocking, it registers a function and
+ argument which are invoked after all ongoing RCU read-side
+ critical sections have completed. This callback variant is
+ particularly useful in situations where it is illegal to block
+ or where update-side performance is critically important.
+
+ However, the call_rcu() API should not be used lightly, as use
+ of the synchronize_rcu() API generally results in simpler code.
+ In addition, the synchronize_rcu() API has the nice property
+ of automatically limiting update rate should grace periods
+ be delayed. This property results in system resilience in face
+ of denial-of-service attacks. Code using call_rcu() should limit
+ update rate in order to gain this same sort of resilience. See
+ checklist.rst for some approaches to limiting the update rate.
+
+rcu_assign_pointer()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+ void rcu_assign_pointer(p, typeof(p) v);
+
+ Yes, rcu_assign_pointer() **is** implemented as a macro, though
+ it would be cool to be able to declare a function in this manner.
+ (And there has been some discussion of adding overloaded functions
+ to the C language, so who knows?)
+
+ The updater uses this spatial macro to assign a new value to an
+ RCU-protected pointer, in order to safely communicate the change
+ in value from the updater to the reader. This is a spatial (as
+ opposed to temporal) macro. It does not evaluate to an rvalue,
+ but it does provide any compiler directives and memory-barrier
+ instructions required for a given compile or CPU architecture.
+ Its ordering properties are that of a store-release operation,
+ that is, any prior loads and stores required to initialize the
+ structure are ordered before the store that publishes the pointer
+ to that structure.
+
+ Perhaps just as important, rcu_assign_pointer() serves to document
+ (1) which pointers are protected by RCU and (2) the point at which
+ a given structure becomes accessible to other CPUs. That said,
+ rcu_assign_pointer() is most frequently used indirectly, via
+ the _rcu list-manipulation primitives such as list_add_rcu().
+
+rcu_dereference()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+ typeof(p) rcu_dereference(p);
+
+ Like rcu_assign_pointer(), rcu_dereference() must be implemented
+ as a macro.
+
+ The reader uses the spatial rcu_dereference() macro to fetch
+ an RCU-protected pointer, which returns a value that may
+ then be safely dereferenced. Note that rcu_dereference()
+ does not actually dereference the pointer, instead, it
+ protects the pointer for later dereferencing. It also
+ executes any needed memory-barrier instructions for a given
+ CPU architecture. Currently, only Alpha needs memory barriers
+ within rcu_dereference() -- on other CPUs, it compiles to a
+ volatile load. However, no mainstream C compilers respect
+ address dependencies, so rcu_dereference() uses volatile casts,
+ which, in combination with the coding guidelines listed in
+ rcu_dereference.rst, prevent current compilers from breaking
+ these dependencies.
+
+ Common coding practice uses rcu_dereference() to copy an
+ RCU-protected pointer to a local variable, then dereferences
+ this local variable, for example as follows::
+
+ p = rcu_dereference(head.next);
+ return p->data;
+
+ However, in this case, one could just as easily combine these
+ into one statement::
+
+ return rcu_dereference(head.next)->data;
+
+ If you are going to be fetching multiple fields from the
+ RCU-protected structure, using the local variable is of
+ course preferred. Repeated rcu_dereference() calls look
+ ugly, do not guarantee that the same pointer will be returned
+ if an update happened while in the critical section, and incur
+ unnecessary overhead on Alpha CPUs.
+
+ Note that the value returned by rcu_dereference() is valid
+ only within the enclosing RCU read-side critical section [1]_.
+ For example, the following is **not** legal::
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ p = rcu_dereference(head.next);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ x = p->address; /* BUG!!! */
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ y = p->data; /* BUG!!! */
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+ Holding a reference from one RCU read-side critical section
+ to another is just as illegal as holding a reference from
+ one lock-based critical section to another! Similarly,
+ using a reference outside of the critical section in which
+ it was acquired is just as illegal as doing so with normal
+ locking.
+
+ As with rcu_assign_pointer(), an important function of
+ rcu_dereference() is to document which pointers are protected by
+ RCU, in particular, flagging a pointer that is subject to changing
+ at any time, including immediately after the rcu_dereference().
+ And, again like rcu_assign_pointer(), rcu_dereference() is
+ typically used indirectly, via the _rcu list-manipulation
+ primitives, such as list_for_each_entry_rcu() [2]_.
+
+.. [1] The variant rcu_dereference_protected() can be used outside
+ of an RCU read-side critical section as long as the usage is
+ protected by locks acquired by the update-side code. This variant
+ avoids the lockdep warning that would happen when using (for
+ example) rcu_dereference() without rcu_read_lock() protection.
+ Using rcu_dereference_protected() also has the advantage
+ of permitting compiler optimizations that rcu_dereference()
+ must prohibit. The rcu_dereference_protected() variant takes
+ a lockdep expression to indicate which locks must be acquired
+ by the caller. If the indicated protection is not provided,
+ a lockdep splat is emitted. See Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
+ and the API's code comments for more details and example usage.
+
+.. [2] If the list_for_each_entry_rcu() instance might be used by
+ update-side code as well as by RCU readers, then an additional
+ lockdep expression can be added to its list of arguments.
+ For example, given an additional "lock_is_held(&mylock)" argument,
+ the RCU lockdep code would complain only if this instance was
+ invoked outside of an RCU read-side critical section and without
+ the protection of mylock.
+
+The following diagram shows how each API communicates among the
+reader, updater, and reclaimer.
+::
+
+
+ rcu_assign_pointer()
+ +--------+
+ +---------------------->| reader |---------+
+ | +--------+ |
+ | | |
+ | | | Protect:
+ | | | rcu_read_lock()
+ | | | rcu_read_unlock()
+ | rcu_dereference() | |
+ +---------+ | |
+ | updater |<----------------+ |
+ +---------+ V
+ | +-----------+
+ +----------------------------------->| reclaimer |
+ +-----------+
+ Defer:
+ synchronize_rcu() & call_rcu()
+
+
+The RCU infrastructure observes the temporal sequence of rcu_read_lock(),
+rcu_read_unlock(), synchronize_rcu(), and call_rcu() invocations in
+order to determine when (1) synchronize_rcu() invocations may return
+to their callers and (2) call_rcu() callbacks may be invoked. Efficient
+implementations of the RCU infrastructure make heavy use of batching in
+order to amortize their overhead over many uses of the corresponding APIs.
+The rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() invocations communicate
+spatial changes via stores to and loads from the RCU-protected pointer in
+question.
+
+There are at least three flavors of RCU usage in the Linux kernel. The diagram
+above shows the most common one. On the updater side, the rcu_assign_pointer(),
+synchronize_rcu() and call_rcu() primitives used are the same for all three
+flavors. However for protection (on the reader side), the primitives used vary
+depending on the flavor:
+
+a. rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock()
+ rcu_dereference()
+
+b. rcu_read_lock_bh() / rcu_read_unlock_bh()
+ local_bh_disable() / local_bh_enable()
+ rcu_dereference_bh()
+
+c. rcu_read_lock_sched() / rcu_read_unlock_sched()
+ preempt_disable() / preempt_enable()
+ local_irq_save() / local_irq_restore()
+ hardirq enter / hardirq exit
+ NMI enter / NMI exit
+ rcu_dereference_sched()
+
+These three flavors are used as follows:
+
+a. RCU applied to normal data structures.
+
+b. RCU applied to networking data structures that may be subjected
+ to remote denial-of-service attacks.
+
+c. RCU applied to scheduler and interrupt/NMI-handler tasks.
+
+Again, most uses will be of (a). The (b) and (c) cases are important
+for specialized uses, but are relatively uncommon. The SRCU, RCU-Tasks,
+RCU-Tasks-Rude, and RCU-Tasks-Trace have similar relationships among
+their assorted primitives.
+
+.. _3_whatisRCU:
+
+3. WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLE USES OF CORE RCU API?
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+This section shows a simple use of the core RCU API to protect a
+global pointer to a dynamically allocated structure. More-typical
+uses of RCU may be found in listRCU.rst and NMI-RCU.rst.
+::
+
+ struct foo {
+ int a;
+ char b;
+ long c;
+ };
+ DEFINE_SPINLOCK(foo_mutex);
+
+ struct foo __rcu *gbl_foo;
+
+ /*
+ * Create a new struct foo that is the same as the one currently
+ * pointed to by gbl_foo, except that field "a" is replaced
+ * with "new_a". Points gbl_foo to the new structure, and
+ * frees up the old structure after a grace period.
+ *
+ * Uses rcu_assign_pointer() to ensure that concurrent readers
+ * see the initialized version of the new structure.
+ *
+ * Uses synchronize_rcu() to ensure that any readers that might
+ * have references to the old structure complete before freeing
+ * the old structure.
+ */
+ void foo_update_a(int new_a)
+ {
+ struct foo *new_fp;
+ struct foo *old_fp;
+
+ new_fp = kmalloc(sizeof(*new_fp), GFP_KERNEL);
+ spin_lock(&foo_mutex);
+ old_fp = rcu_dereference_protected(gbl_foo, lockdep_is_held(&foo_mutex));
+ *new_fp = *old_fp;
+ new_fp->a = new_a;
+ rcu_assign_pointer(gbl_foo, new_fp);
+ spin_unlock(&foo_mutex);
+ synchronize_rcu();
+ kfree(old_fp);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Return the value of field "a" of the current gbl_foo
+ * structure. Use rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock()
+ * to ensure that the structure does not get deleted out
+ * from under us, and use rcu_dereference() to ensure that
+ * we see the initialized version of the structure (important
+ * for DEC Alpha and for people reading the code).
+ */
+ int foo_get_a(void)
+ {
+ int retval;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ retval = rcu_dereference(gbl_foo)->a;
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ return retval;
+ }
+
+So, to sum up:
+
+- Use rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() to guard RCU
+ read-side critical sections.
+
+- Within an RCU read-side critical section, use rcu_dereference()
+ to dereference RCU-protected pointers.
+
+- Use some solid design (such as locks or semaphores) to
+ keep concurrent updates from interfering with each other.
+
+- Use rcu_assign_pointer() to update an RCU-protected pointer.
+ This primitive protects concurrent readers from the updater,
+ **not** concurrent updates from each other! You therefore still
+ need to use locking (or something similar) to keep concurrent
+ rcu_assign_pointer() primitives from interfering with each other.
+
+- Use synchronize_rcu() **after** removing a data element from an
+ RCU-protected data structure, but **before** reclaiming/freeing
+ the data element, in order to wait for the completion of all
+ RCU read-side critical sections that might be referencing that
+ data item.
+
+See checklist.rst for additional rules to follow when using RCU.
+And again, more-typical uses of RCU may be found in listRCU.rst
+and NMI-RCU.rst.
+
+.. _4_whatisRCU:
+
+4. WHAT IF MY UPDATING THREAD CANNOT BLOCK?
+--------------------------------------------
+
+In the example above, foo_update_a() blocks until a grace period elapses.
+This is quite simple, but in some cases one cannot afford to wait so
+long -- there might be other high-priority work to be done.
+
+In such cases, one uses call_rcu() rather than synchronize_rcu().
+The call_rcu() API is as follows::
+
+ void call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func);
+
+This function invokes func(head) after a grace period has elapsed.
+This invocation might happen from either softirq or process context,
+so the function is not permitted to block. The foo struct needs to
+have an rcu_head structure added, perhaps as follows::
+
+ struct foo {
+ int a;
+ char b;
+ long c;
+ struct rcu_head rcu;
+ };
+
+The foo_update_a() function might then be written as follows::
+
+ /*
+ * Create a new struct foo that is the same as the one currently
+ * pointed to by gbl_foo, except that field "a" is replaced
+ * with "new_a". Points gbl_foo to the new structure, and
+ * frees up the old structure after a grace period.
+ *
+ * Uses rcu_assign_pointer() to ensure that concurrent readers
+ * see the initialized version of the new structure.
+ *
+ * Uses call_rcu() to ensure that any readers that might have
+ * references to the old structure complete before freeing the
+ * old structure.
+ */
+ void foo_update_a(int new_a)
+ {
+ struct foo *new_fp;
+ struct foo *old_fp;
+
+ new_fp = kmalloc(sizeof(*new_fp), GFP_KERNEL);
+ spin_lock(&foo_mutex);
+ old_fp = rcu_dereference_protected(gbl_foo, lockdep_is_held(&foo_mutex));
+ *new_fp = *old_fp;
+ new_fp->a = new_a;
+ rcu_assign_pointer(gbl_foo, new_fp);
+ spin_unlock(&foo_mutex);
+ call_rcu(&old_fp->rcu, foo_reclaim);
+ }
+
+The foo_reclaim() function might appear as follows::
+
+ void foo_reclaim(struct rcu_head *rp)
+ {
+ struct foo *fp = container_of(rp, struct foo, rcu);
+
+ foo_cleanup(fp->a);
+
+ kfree(fp);
+ }
+
+The container_of() primitive is a macro that, given a pointer into a
+struct, the type of the struct, and the pointed-to field within the
+struct, returns a pointer to the beginning of the struct.
+
+The use of call_rcu() permits the caller of foo_update_a() to
+immediately regain control, without needing to worry further about the
+old version of the newly updated element. It also clearly shows the
+RCU distinction between updater, namely foo_update_a(), and reclaimer,
+namely foo_reclaim().
+
+The summary of advice is the same as for the previous section, except
+that we are now using call_rcu() rather than synchronize_rcu():
+
+- Use call_rcu() **after** removing a data element from an
+ RCU-protected data structure in order to register a callback
+ function that will be invoked after the completion of all RCU
+ read-side critical sections that might be referencing that
+ data item.
+
+If the callback for call_rcu() is not doing anything more than calling
+kfree() on the structure, you can use kfree_rcu() instead of call_rcu()
+to avoid having to write your own callback::
+
+ kfree_rcu(old_fp, rcu);
+
+If the occasional sleep is permitted, the single-argument form may
+be used, omitting the rcu_head structure from struct foo.
+
+ kfree_rcu_mightsleep(old_fp);
+
+This variant almost never blocks, but might do so by invoking
+synchronize_rcu() in response to memory-allocation failure.
+
+Again, see checklist.rst for additional rules governing the use of RCU.
+
+.. _5_whatisRCU:
+
+5. WHAT ARE SOME SIMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONS OF RCU?
+------------------------------------------------
+
+One of the nice things about RCU is that it has extremely simple "toy"
+implementations that are a good first step towards understanding the
+production-quality implementations in the Linux kernel. This section
+presents two such "toy" implementations of RCU, one that is implemented
+in terms of familiar locking primitives, and another that more closely
+resembles "classic" RCU. Both are way too simple for real-world use,
+lacking both functionality and performance. However, they are useful
+in getting a feel for how RCU works. See kernel/rcu/update.c for a
+production-quality implementation, and see:
+
+ https://docs.google.com/document/d/1X0lThx8OK0ZgLMqVoXiR4ZrGURHrXK6NyLRbeXe3Xac/edit
+
+for papers describing the Linux kernel RCU implementation. The OLS'01
+and OLS'02 papers are a good introduction, and the dissertation provides
+more details on the current implementation as of early 2004.
+
+
+5A. "TOY" IMPLEMENTATION #1: LOCKING
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+This section presents a "toy" RCU implementation that is based on
+familiar locking primitives. Its overhead makes it a non-starter for
+real-life use, as does its lack of scalability. It is also unsuitable
+for realtime use, since it allows scheduling latency to "bleed" from
+one read-side critical section to another. It also assumes recursive
+reader-writer locks: If you try this with non-recursive locks, and
+you allow nested rcu_read_lock() calls, you can deadlock.
+
+However, it is probably the easiest implementation to relate to, so is
+a good starting point.
+
+It is extremely simple::
+
+ static DEFINE_RWLOCK(rcu_gp_mutex);
+
+ void rcu_read_lock(void)
+ {
+ read_lock(&rcu_gp_mutex);
+ }
+
+ void rcu_read_unlock(void)
+ {
+ read_unlock(&rcu_gp_mutex);
+ }
+
+ void synchronize_rcu(void)
+ {
+ write_lock(&rcu_gp_mutex);
+ smp_mb__after_spinlock();
+ write_unlock(&rcu_gp_mutex);
+ }
+
+[You can ignore rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() without missing
+much. But here are simplified versions anyway. And whatever you do,
+don't forget about them when submitting patches making use of RCU!]::
+
+ #define rcu_assign_pointer(p, v) \
+ ({ \
+ smp_store_release(&(p), (v)); \
+ })
+
+ #define rcu_dereference(p) \
+ ({ \
+ typeof(p) _________p1 = READ_ONCE(p); \
+ (_________p1); \
+ })
+
+
+The rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() primitive read-acquire
+and release a global reader-writer lock. The synchronize_rcu()
+primitive write-acquires this same lock, then releases it. This means
+that once synchronize_rcu() exits, all RCU read-side critical sections
+that were in progress before synchronize_rcu() was called are guaranteed
+to have completed -- there is no way that synchronize_rcu() would have
+been able to write-acquire the lock otherwise. The smp_mb__after_spinlock()
+promotes synchronize_rcu() to a full memory barrier in compliance with
+the "Memory-Barrier Guarantees" listed in:
+
+ Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
+
+It is possible to nest rcu_read_lock(), since reader-writer locks may
+be recursively acquired. Note also that rcu_read_lock() is immune
+from deadlock (an important property of RCU). The reason for this is
+that the only thing that can block rcu_read_lock() is a synchronize_rcu().
+But synchronize_rcu() does not acquire any locks while holding rcu_gp_mutex,
+so there can be no deadlock cycle.
+
+.. _quiz_1:
+
+Quick Quiz #1:
+ Why is this argument naive? How could a deadlock
+ occur when using this algorithm in a real-world Linux
+ kernel? How could this deadlock be avoided?
+
+:ref:`Answers to Quick Quiz <9_whatisRCU>`
+
+5B. "TOY" EXAMPLE #2: CLASSIC RCU
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+This section presents a "toy" RCU implementation that is based on
+"classic RCU". It is also short on performance (but only for updates) and
+on features such as hotplug CPU and the ability to run in CONFIG_PREEMPTION
+kernels. The definitions of rcu_dereference() and rcu_assign_pointer()
+are the same as those shown in the preceding section, so they are omitted.
+::
+
+ void rcu_read_lock(void) { }
+
+ void rcu_read_unlock(void) { }
+
+ void synchronize_rcu(void)
+ {
+ int cpu;
+
+ for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+ run_on(cpu);
+ }
+
+Note that rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() do absolutely nothing.
+This is the great strength of classic RCU in a non-preemptive kernel:
+read-side overhead is precisely zero, at least on non-Alpha CPUs.
+And there is absolutely no way that rcu_read_lock() can possibly
+participate in a deadlock cycle!
+
+The implementation of synchronize_rcu() simply schedules itself on each
+CPU in turn. The run_on() primitive can be implemented straightforwardly
+in terms of the sched_setaffinity() primitive. Of course, a somewhat less
+"toy" implementation would restore the affinity upon completion rather
+than just leaving all tasks running on the last CPU, but when I said
+"toy", I meant **toy**!
+
+So how the heck is this supposed to work???
+
+Remember that it is illegal to block while in an RCU read-side critical
+section. Therefore, if a given CPU executes a context switch, we know
+that it must have completed all preceding RCU read-side critical sections.
+Once **all** CPUs have executed a context switch, then **all** preceding
+RCU read-side critical sections will have completed.
+
+So, suppose that we remove a data item from its structure and then invoke
+synchronize_rcu(). Once synchronize_rcu() returns, we are guaranteed
+that there are no RCU read-side critical sections holding a reference
+to that data item, so we can safely reclaim it.
+
+.. _quiz_2:
+
+Quick Quiz #2:
+ Give an example where Classic RCU's read-side
+ overhead is **negative**.
+
+:ref:`Answers to Quick Quiz <9_whatisRCU>`
+
+.. _quiz_3:
+
+Quick Quiz #3:
+ If it is illegal to block in an RCU read-side
+ critical section, what the heck do you do in
+ CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT, where normal spinlocks can block???
+
+:ref:`Answers to Quick Quiz <9_whatisRCU>`
+
+.. _6_whatisRCU:
+
+6. ANALOGY WITH READER-WRITER LOCKING
+--------------------------------------
+
+Although RCU can be used in many different ways, a very common use of
+RCU is analogous to reader-writer locking. The following unified
+diff shows how closely related RCU and reader-writer locking can be.
+::
+
+ @@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ struct el {
+ int data;
+ /* Other data fields */
+ };
+ -rwlock_t listmutex;
+ +spinlock_t listmutex;
+ struct el head;
+
+ @@ -13,15 +14,15 @@
+ struct list_head *lp;
+ struct el *p;
+
+ - read_lock(&listmutex);
+ - list_for_each_entry(p, head, lp) {
+ + rcu_read_lock();
+ + list_for_each_entry_rcu(p, head, lp) {
+ if (p->key == key) {
+ *result = p->data;
+ - read_unlock(&listmutex);
+ + rcu_read_unlock();
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ - read_unlock(&listmutex);
+ + rcu_read_unlock();
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ @@ -29,15 +30,16 @@
+ {
+ struct el *p;
+
+ - write_lock(&listmutex);
+ + spin_lock(&listmutex);
+ list_for_each_entry(p, head, lp) {
+ if (p->key == key) {
+ - list_del(&p->list);
+ - write_unlock(&listmutex);
+ + list_del_rcu(&p->list);
+ + spin_unlock(&listmutex);
+ + synchronize_rcu();
+ kfree(p);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ - write_unlock(&listmutex);
+ + spin_unlock(&listmutex);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+Or, for those who prefer a side-by-side listing::
+
+ 1 struct el { 1 struct el {
+ 2 struct list_head list; 2 struct list_head list;
+ 3 long key; 3 long key;
+ 4 spinlock_t mutex; 4 spinlock_t mutex;
+ 5 int data; 5 int data;
+ 6 /* Other data fields */ 6 /* Other data fields */
+ 7 }; 7 };
+ 8 rwlock_t listmutex; 8 spinlock_t listmutex;
+ 9 struct el head; 9 struct el head;
+
+::
+
+ 1 int search(long key, int *result) 1 int search(long key, int *result)
+ 2 { 2 {
+ 3 struct list_head *lp; 3 struct list_head *lp;
+ 4 struct el *p; 4 struct el *p;
+ 5 5
+ 6 read_lock(&listmutex); 6 rcu_read_lock();
+ 7 list_for_each_entry(p, head, lp) { 7 list_for_each_entry_rcu(p, head, lp) {
+ 8 if (p->key == key) { 8 if (p->key == key) {
+ 9 *result = p->data; 9 *result = p->data;
+ 10 read_unlock(&listmutex); 10 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 11 return 1; 11 return 1;
+ 12 } 12 }
+ 13 } 13 }
+ 14 read_unlock(&listmutex); 14 rcu_read_unlock();
+ 15 return 0; 15 return 0;
+ 16 } 16 }
+
+::
+
+ 1 int delete(long key) 1 int delete(long key)
+ 2 { 2 {
+ 3 struct el *p; 3 struct el *p;
+ 4 4
+ 5 write_lock(&listmutex); 5 spin_lock(&listmutex);
+ 6 list_for_each_entry(p, head, lp) { 6 list_for_each_entry(p, head, lp) {
+ 7 if (p->key == key) { 7 if (p->key == key) {
+ 8 list_del(&p->list); 8 list_del_rcu(&p->list);
+ 9 write_unlock(&listmutex); 9 spin_unlock(&listmutex);
+ 10 synchronize_rcu();
+ 10 kfree(p); 11 kfree(p);
+ 11 return 1; 12 return 1;
+ 12 } 13 }
+ 13 } 14 }
+ 14 write_unlock(&listmutex); 15 spin_unlock(&listmutex);
+ 15 return 0; 16 return 0;
+ 16 } 17 }
+
+Either way, the differences are quite small. Read-side locking moves
+to rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock, update-side locking moves from
+a reader-writer lock to a simple spinlock, and a synchronize_rcu()
+precedes the kfree().
+
+However, there is one potential catch: the read-side and update-side
+critical sections can now run concurrently. In many cases, this will
+not be a problem, but it is necessary to check carefully regardless.
+For example, if multiple independent list updates must be seen as
+a single atomic update, converting to RCU will require special care.
+
+Also, the presence of synchronize_rcu() means that the RCU version of
+delete() can now block. If this is a problem, there is a callback-based
+mechanism that never blocks, namely call_rcu() or kfree_rcu(), that can
+be used in place of synchronize_rcu().
+
+.. _7_whatisRCU:
+
+7. ANALOGY WITH REFERENCE COUNTING
+-----------------------------------
+
+The reader-writer analogy (illustrated by the previous section) is not
+always the best way to think about using RCU. Another helpful analogy
+considers RCU an effective reference count on everything which is
+protected by RCU.
+
+A reference count typically does not prevent the referenced object's
+values from changing, but does prevent changes to type -- particularly the
+gross change of type that happens when that object's memory is freed and
+re-allocated for some other purpose. Once a type-safe reference to the
+object is obtained, some other mechanism is needed to ensure consistent
+access to the data in the object. This could involve taking a spinlock,
+but with RCU the typical approach is to perform reads with SMP-aware
+operations such as smp_load_acquire(), to perform updates with atomic
+read-modify-write operations, and to provide the necessary ordering.
+RCU provides a number of support functions that embed the required
+operations and ordering, such as the list_for_each_entry_rcu() macro
+used in the previous section.
+
+A more focused view of the reference counting behavior is that,
+between rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(), any reference taken with
+rcu_dereference() on a pointer marked as ``__rcu`` can be treated as
+though a reference-count on that object has been temporarily increased.
+This prevents the object from changing type. Exactly what this means
+will depend on normal expectations of objects of that type, but it
+typically includes that spinlocks can still be safely locked, normal
+reference counters can be safely manipulated, and ``__rcu`` pointers
+can be safely dereferenced.
+
+Some operations that one might expect to see on an object for
+which an RCU reference is held include:
+
+ - Copying out data that is guaranteed to be stable by the object's type.
+ - Using kref_get_unless_zero() or similar to get a longer-term
+ reference. This may fail of course.
+ - Acquiring a spinlock in the object, and checking if the object still
+ is the expected object and if so, manipulating it freely.
+
+The understanding that RCU provides a reference that only prevents a
+change of type is particularly visible with objects allocated from a
+slab cache marked ``SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU``. RCU operations may yield a
+reference to an object from such a cache that has been concurrently freed
+and the memory reallocated to a completely different object, though of
+the same type. In this case RCU doesn't even protect the identity of the
+object from changing, only its type. So the object found may not be the
+one expected, but it will be one where it is safe to take a reference
+(and then potentially acquiring a spinlock), allowing subsequent code
+to check whether the identity matches expectations. It is tempting
+to simply acquire the spinlock without first taking the reference, but
+unfortunately any spinlock in a ``SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU`` object must be
+initialized after each and every call to kmem_cache_alloc(), which renders
+reference-free spinlock acquisition completely unsafe. Therefore, when
+using ``SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU``, make proper use of a reference counter.
+If using refcount_t, the specialized refcount_{add|inc}_not_zero_acquire()
+and refcount_set_release() APIs should be used to ensure correct operation
+ordering when verifying object identity and when initializing newly
+allocated objects. Acquire fence in refcount_{add|inc}_not_zero_acquire()
+ensures that identity checks happen *after* reference count is taken.
+refcount_set_release() should be called after a newly allocated object is
+fully initialized and release fence ensures that new values are visible
+*before* refcount can be successfully taken by other users. Once
+refcount_set_release() is called, the object should be considered visible
+by other tasks.
+(Those willing to initialize their locks in a kmem_cache constructor
+may also use locking, including cache-friendly sequence locking.)
+
+With traditional reference counting -- such as that implemented by the
+kref library in Linux -- there is typically code that runs when the last
+reference to an object is dropped. With kref, this is the function
+passed to kref_put(). When RCU is being used, such finalization code
+must not be run until all ``__rcu`` pointers referencing the object have
+been updated, and then a grace period has passed. Every remaining
+globally visible pointer to the object must be considered to be a
+potential counted reference, and the finalization code is typically run
+using call_rcu() only after all those pointers have been changed.
+
+To see how to choose between these two analogies -- of RCU as a
+reader-writer lock and RCU as a reference counting system -- it is useful
+to reflect on the scale of the thing being protected. The reader-writer
+lock analogy looks at larger multi-part objects such as a linked list
+and shows how RCU can facilitate concurrency while elements are added
+to, and removed from, the list. The reference-count analogy looks at
+the individual objects and looks at how they can be accessed safely
+within whatever whole they are a part of.
+
+.. _8_whatisRCU:
+
+8. FULL LIST OF RCU APIs
+-------------------------
+
+The RCU APIs are documented in docbook-format header comments in the
+Linux-kernel source code, but it helps to have a full list of the
+APIs, since there does not appear to be a way to categorize them
+in docbook. Here is the list, by category.
+
+RCU list traversal::
+
+ list_entry_rcu
+ list_entry_lockless
+ list_first_entry_rcu
+ list_first_or_null_rcu
+ list_tail_rcu
+ list_next_rcu
+ list_next_or_null_rcu
+ list_for_each_entry_rcu
+ list_for_each_entry_continue_rcu
+ list_for_each_entry_from_rcu
+ list_for_each_entry_lockless
+ hlist_first_rcu
+ hlist_next_rcu
+ hlist_pprev_rcu
+ hlist_for_each_entry_rcu
+ hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_notrace
+ hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh
+ hlist_for_each_entry_from_rcu
+ hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu
+ hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh
+ hlist_nulls_first_rcu
+ hlist_nulls_next_rcu
+ hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu
+ hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_safe
+ hlist_bl_first_rcu
+ hlist_bl_for_each_entry_rcu
+
+RCU pointer/list update::
+
+ rcu_assign_pointer
+ rcu_replace_pointer
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD_RCU
+ list_add_rcu
+ list_add_tail_rcu
+ list_del_rcu
+ list_replace_rcu
+ list_splice_init_rcu
+ list_splice_tail_init_rcu
+ hlist_add_behind_rcu
+ hlist_add_before_rcu
+ hlist_add_head_rcu
+ hlist_add_tail_rcu
+ hlist_del_rcu
+ hlist_del_init_rcu
+ hlist_replace_rcu
+ hlist_nulls_del_init_rcu
+ hlist_nulls_del_rcu
+ hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu
+ hlist_nulls_add_tail_rcu
+ hlist_nulls_add_fake
+ hlists_swap_heads_rcu
+ hlist_bl_add_head_rcu
+ hlist_bl_del_rcu
+ hlist_bl_set_first_rcu
+
+RCU::
+
+ Critical sections Grace period Barrier
+
+ rcu_read_lock synchronize_net rcu_barrier
+ rcu_read_unlock synchronize_rcu
+ guard(rcu)() synchronize_rcu_expedited
+ scoped_guard(rcu) synchronize_rcu_mult
+ rcu_dereference call_rcu
+ rcu_dereference_check call_rcu_hurry
+ rcu_dereference_protected kfree_rcu
+ rcu_read_lock_held kvfree_rcu
+ rcu_read_lock_any_held kfree_rcu_mightsleep
+ rcu_pointer_handoff cond_synchronize_rcu
+ unrcu_pointer cond_synchronize_rcu_full
+ cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited
+ cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited_full
+ get_completed_synchronize_rcu
+ get_completed_synchronize_rcu_full
+ get_state_synchronize_rcu
+ get_state_synchronize_rcu_full
+ poll_state_synchronize_rcu
+ poll_state_synchronize_rcu_full
+ same_state_synchronize_rcu
+ same_state_synchronize_rcu_full
+ start_poll_synchronize_rcu
+ start_poll_synchronize_rcu_full
+ start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited
+ start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited_full
+
+bh::
+
+ Critical sections Grace period Barrier
+
+ rcu_read_lock_bh [Same as RCU] [Same as RCU]
+ rcu_read_unlock_bh
+ [local_bh_disable]
+ [and friends]
+ rcu_dereference_bh
+ rcu_dereference_bh_check
+ rcu_dereference_bh_protected
+ rcu_read_lock_bh_held
+
+sched::
+
+ Critical sections Grace period Barrier
+
+ rcu_read_lock_sched [Same as RCU] [Same as RCU]
+ rcu_read_unlock_sched
+ [preempt_disable]
+ [and friends]
+ rcu_read_lock_sched_notrace
+ rcu_read_unlock_sched_notrace
+ rcu_dereference_sched
+ rcu_dereference_sched_check
+ rcu_dereference_sched_protected
+ rcu_read_lock_sched_held
+
+
+RCU: Initialization/cleanup/ordering::
+
+ RCU_INIT_POINTER
+ RCU_INITIALIZER
+ RCU_POINTER_INITIALIZER
+ init_rcu_head
+ destroy_rcu_head
+ init_rcu_head_on_stack
+ destroy_rcu_head_on_stack
+ SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU
+
+
+RCU: Quiescents states and control::
+
+ cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs
+ rcu_all_qs
+ rcu_softirq_qs_periodic
+ rcu_end_inkernel_boot
+ rcu_expedite_gp
+ rcu_gp_is_expedited
+ rcu_unexpedite_gp
+ rcu_cpu_stall_reset
+ rcu_head_after_call_rcu
+ rcu_is_watching
+
+
+RCU-sync primitive::
+
+ rcu_sync_is_idle
+ rcu_sync_init
+ rcu_sync_enter
+ rcu_sync_exit
+ rcu_sync_dtor
+
+
+RCU-Tasks::
+
+ Critical sections Grace period Barrier
+
+ N/A call_rcu_tasks rcu_barrier_tasks
+ synchronize_rcu_tasks
+
+
+RCU-Tasks-Rude::
+
+ Critical sections Grace period Barrier
+
+ N/A synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude rcu_barrier_tasks_rude
+ call_rcu_tasks_rude
+
+
+RCU-Tasks-Trace::
+
+ Critical sections Grace period Barrier
+
+ rcu_read_lock_trace call_rcu_tasks_trace rcu_barrier_tasks_trace
+ rcu_read_unlock_trace synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace
+ guard(rcu_tasks_trace)()
+ scoped_guard(rcu_tasks_trace)
+
+
+SRCU list traversal::
+ list_for_each_entry_srcu
+ hlist_for_each_entry_srcu
+
+
+SRCU::
+
+ Critical sections Grace period Barrier
+
+ srcu_read_lock call_srcu srcu_barrier
+ srcu_read_unlock synchronize_srcu
+ srcu_read_lock_fast synchronize_srcu_expedited
+ srcu_read_unlock_fast get_state_synchronize_srcu
+ srcu_read_lock_nmisafe start_poll_synchronize_srcu
+ srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe start_poll_synchronize_srcu_expedited
+ srcu_read_lock_notrace poll_state_synchronize_srcu
+ srcu_read_unlock_notrace
+ srcu_down_read
+ srcu_up_read
+ srcu_down_read_fast
+ srcu_up_read_fast
+ guard(srcu)()
+ scoped_guard(srcu)
+ srcu_read_lock_held
+ srcu_dereference
+ srcu_dereference_check
+ srcu_dereference_notrace
+ srcu_read_lock_held
+
+
+SRCU: Initialization/cleanup/ordering::
+
+ DEFINE_SRCU
+ DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU
+ init_srcu_struct
+ cleanup_srcu_struct
+ smp_mb__after_srcu_read_unlock
+
+All: lockdep-checked RCU utility APIs::
+
+ RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN
+ rcu_sleep_check
+
+All: Unchecked RCU-protected pointer access::
+
+ rcu_dereference_raw
+
+All: Unchecked RCU-protected pointer access with dereferencing prohibited::
+
+ rcu_access_pointer
+
+See the comment headers in the source code (or the docbook generated
+from them) for more information.
+
+However, given that there are no fewer than four families of RCU APIs
+in the Linux kernel, how do you choose which one to use? The following
+list can be helpful:
+
+a. Will readers need to block? If so, you need SRCU.
+
+b. Will readers need to block and are you doing tracing, for
+ example, ftrace or BPF? If so, you need RCU-tasks,
+ RCU-tasks-rude, and/or RCU-tasks-trace.
+
+c. What about the -rt patchset? If readers would need to block in
+ an non-rt kernel, you need SRCU. If readers would block when
+ acquiring spinlocks in a -rt kernel, but not in a non-rt kernel,
+ SRCU is not necessary. (The -rt patchset turns spinlocks into
+ sleeplocks, hence this distinction.)
+
+d. Do you need to treat NMI handlers, hardirq handlers,
+ and code segments with preemption disabled (whether
+ via preempt_disable(), local_irq_save(), local_bh_disable(),
+ or some other mechanism) as if they were explicit RCU readers?
+ If so, RCU-sched readers are the only choice that will work
+ for you, but since about v4.20 you use can use the vanilla RCU
+ update primitives.
+
+e. Do you need RCU grace periods to complete even in the face of
+ softirq monopolization of one or more of the CPUs? For example,
+ is your code subject to network-based denial-of-service attacks?
+ If so, you should disable softirq across your readers, for
+ example, by using rcu_read_lock_bh(). Since about v4.20 you
+ use can use the vanilla RCU update primitives.
+
+f. Is your workload too update-intensive for normal use of
+ RCU, but inappropriate for other synchronization mechanisms?
+ If so, consider SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU (which was originally
+ named SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU). But please be careful!
+
+g. Do you need read-side critical sections that are respected even
+ on CPUs that are deep in the idle loop, during entry to or exit
+ from user-mode execution, or on an offlined CPU? If so, SRCU
+ and RCU Tasks Trace are the only choices that will work for you,
+ with SRCU being strongly preferred in almost all cases.
+
+h. Otherwise, use RCU.
+
+Of course, this all assumes that you have determined that RCU is in fact
+the right tool for your job.
+
+.. _9_whatisRCU:
+
+9. ANSWERS TO QUICK QUIZZES
+----------------------------
+
+Quick Quiz #1:
+ Why is this argument naive? How could a deadlock
+ occur when using this algorithm in a real-world Linux
+ kernel? [Referring to the lock-based "toy" RCU
+ algorithm.]
+
+Answer:
+ Consider the following sequence of events:
+
+ 1. CPU 0 acquires some unrelated lock, call it
+ "problematic_lock", disabling irq via
+ spin_lock_irqsave().
+
+ 2. CPU 1 enters synchronize_rcu(), write-acquiring
+ rcu_gp_mutex.
+
+ 3. CPU 0 enters rcu_read_lock(), but must wait
+ because CPU 1 holds rcu_gp_mutex.
+
+ 4. CPU 1 is interrupted, and the irq handler
+ attempts to acquire problematic_lock.
+
+ The system is now deadlocked.
+
+ One way to avoid this deadlock is to use an approach like
+ that of CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT, where all normal spinlocks
+ become blocking locks, and all irq handlers execute in
+ the context of special tasks. In this case, in step 4
+ above, the irq handler would block, allowing CPU 1 to
+ release rcu_gp_mutex, avoiding the deadlock.
+
+ Even in the absence of deadlock, this RCU implementation
+ allows latency to "bleed" from readers to other
+ readers through synchronize_rcu(). To see this,
+ consider task A in an RCU read-side critical section
+ (thus read-holding rcu_gp_mutex), task B blocked
+ attempting to write-acquire rcu_gp_mutex, and
+ task C blocked in rcu_read_lock() attempting to
+ read_acquire rcu_gp_mutex. Task A's RCU read-side
+ latency is holding up task C, albeit indirectly via
+ task B.
+
+ Realtime RCU implementations therefore use a counter-based
+ approach where tasks in RCU read-side critical sections
+ cannot be blocked by tasks executing synchronize_rcu().
+
+:ref:`Back to Quick Quiz #1 <quiz_1>`
+
+Quick Quiz #2:
+ Give an example where Classic RCU's read-side
+ overhead is **negative**.
+
+Answer:
+ Imagine a single-CPU system with a non-CONFIG_PREEMPTION
+ kernel where a routing table is used by process-context
+ code, but can be updated by irq-context code (for example,
+ by an "ICMP REDIRECT" packet). The usual way of handling
+ this would be to have the process-context code disable
+ interrupts while searching the routing table. Use of
+ RCU allows such interrupt-disabling to be dispensed with.
+ Thus, without RCU, you pay the cost of disabling interrupts,
+ and with RCU you don't.
+
+ One can argue that the overhead of RCU in this
+ case is negative with respect to the single-CPU
+ interrupt-disabling approach. Others might argue that
+ the overhead of RCU is merely zero, and that replacing
+ the positive overhead of the interrupt-disabling scheme
+ with the zero-overhead RCU scheme does not constitute
+ negative overhead.
+
+ In real life, of course, things are more complex. But
+ even the theoretical possibility of negative overhead for
+ a synchronization primitive is a bit unexpected. ;-)
+
+:ref:`Back to Quick Quiz #2 <quiz_2>`
+
+Quick Quiz #3:
+ If it is illegal to block in an RCU read-side
+ critical section, what the heck do you do in
+ CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT, where normal spinlocks can block???
+
+Answer:
+ Just as CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT permits preemption of spinlock
+ critical sections, it permits preemption of RCU
+ read-side critical sections. It also permits
+ spinlocks blocking while in RCU read-side critical
+ sections.
+
+ Why the apparent inconsistency? Because it is
+ possible to use priority boosting to keep the RCU
+ grace periods short if need be (for example, if running
+ short of memory). In contrast, if blocking waiting
+ for (say) network reception, there is no way to know
+ what should be boosted. Especially given that the
+ process we need to boost might well be a human being
+ who just went out for a pizza or something. And although
+ a computer-operated cattle prod might arouse serious
+ interest, it might also provoke serious objections.
+ Besides, how does the computer know what pizza parlor
+ the human being went to???
+
+:ref:`Back to Quick Quiz #3 <quiz_3>`
+
+ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+
+My thanks to the people who helped make this human-readable, including
+Jon Walpole, Josh Triplett, Serge Hallyn, Suzanne Wood, and Alan Stern.
+
+
+For more information, see http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index e04d643a9f57..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,938 +0,0 @@
-Please note that the "What is RCU?" LWN series is an excellent place
-to start learning about RCU:
-
-1. What is RCU, Fundamentally? http://lwn.net/Articles/262464/
-2. What is RCU? Part 2: Usage http://lwn.net/Articles/263130/
-3. RCU part 3: the RCU API http://lwn.net/Articles/264090/
-
-
-What is RCU?
-
-RCU is a synchronization mechanism that was added to the Linux kernel
-during the 2.5 development effort that is optimized for read-mostly
-situations. Although RCU is actually quite simple once you understand it,
-getting there can sometimes be a challenge. Part of the problem is that
-most of the past descriptions of RCU have been written with the mistaken
-assumption that there is "one true way" to describe RCU. Instead,
-the experience has been that different people must take different paths
-to arrive at an understanding of RCU. This document provides several
-different paths, as follows:
-
-1. RCU OVERVIEW
-2. WHAT IS RCU'S CORE API?
-3. WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLE USES OF CORE RCU API?
-4. WHAT IF MY UPDATING THREAD CANNOT BLOCK?
-5. WHAT ARE SOME SIMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONS OF RCU?
-6. ANALOGY WITH READER-WRITER LOCKING
-7. FULL LIST OF RCU APIs
-8. ANSWERS TO QUICK QUIZZES
-
-People who prefer starting with a conceptual overview should focus on
-Section 1, though most readers will profit by reading this section at
-some point. People who prefer to start with an API that they can then
-experiment with should focus on Section 2. People who prefer to start
-with example uses should focus on Sections 3 and 4. People who need to
-understand the RCU implementation should focus on Section 5, then dive
-into the kernel source code. People who reason best by analogy should
-focus on Section 6. Section 7 serves as an index to the docbook API
-documentation, and Section 8 is the traditional answer key.
-
-So, start with the section that makes the most sense to you and your
-preferred method of learning. If you need to know everything about
-everything, feel free to read the whole thing -- but if you are really
-that type of person, you have perused the source code and will therefore
-never need this document anyway. ;-)
-
-
-1. RCU OVERVIEW
-
-The basic idea behind RCU is to split updates into "removal" and
-"reclamation" phases. The removal phase removes references to data items
-within a data structure (possibly by replacing them with references to
-new versions of these data items), and can run concurrently with readers.
-The reason that it is safe to run the removal phase concurrently with
-readers is the semantics of modern CPUs guarantee that readers will see
-either the old or the new version of the data structure rather than a
-partially updated reference. The reclamation phase does the work of reclaiming
-(e.g., freeing) the data items removed from the data structure during the
-removal phase. Because reclaiming data items can disrupt any readers
-concurrently referencing those data items, the reclamation phase must
-not start until readers no longer hold references to those data items.
-
-Splitting the update into removal and reclamation phases permits the
-updater to perform the removal phase immediately, and to defer the
-reclamation phase until all readers active during the removal phase have
-completed, either by blocking until they finish or by registering a
-callback that is invoked after they finish. Only readers that are active
-during the removal phase need be considered, because any reader starting
-after the removal phase will be unable to gain a reference to the removed
-data items, and therefore cannot be disrupted by the reclamation phase.
-
-So the typical RCU update sequence goes something like the following:
-
-a. Remove pointers to a data structure, so that subsequent
- readers cannot gain a reference to it.
-
-b. Wait for all previous readers to complete their RCU read-side
- critical sections.
-
-c. At this point, there cannot be any readers who hold references
- to the data structure, so it now may safely be reclaimed
- (e.g., kfree()d).
-
-Step (b) above is the key idea underlying RCU's deferred destruction.
-The ability to wait until all readers are done allows RCU readers to
-use much lighter-weight synchronization, in some cases, absolutely no
-synchronization at all. In contrast, in more conventional lock-based
-schemes, readers must use heavy-weight synchronization in order to
-prevent an updater from deleting the data structure out from under them.
-This is because lock-based updaters typically update data items in place,
-and must therefore exclude readers. In contrast, RCU-based updaters
-typically take advantage of the fact that writes to single aligned
-pointers are atomic on modern CPUs, allowing atomic insertion, removal,
-and replacement of data items in a linked structure without disrupting
-readers. Concurrent RCU readers can then continue accessing the old
-versions, and can dispense with the atomic operations, memory barriers,
-and communications cache misses that are so expensive on present-day
-SMP computer systems, even in absence of lock contention.
-
-In the three-step procedure shown above, the updater is performing both
-the removal and the reclamation step, but it is often helpful for an
-entirely different thread to do the reclamation, as is in fact the case
-in the Linux kernel's directory-entry cache (dcache). Even if the same
-thread performs both the update step (step (a) above) and the reclamation
-step (step (c) above), it is often helpful to think of them separately.
-For example, RCU readers and updaters need not communicate at all,
-but RCU provides implicit low-overhead communication between readers
-and reclaimers, namely, in step (b) above.
-
-So how the heck can a reclaimer tell when a reader is done, given
-that readers are not doing any sort of synchronization operations???
-Read on to learn about how RCU's API makes this easy.
-
-
-2. WHAT IS RCU'S CORE API?
-
-The core RCU API is quite small:
-
-a. rcu_read_lock()
-b. rcu_read_unlock()
-c. synchronize_rcu() / call_rcu()
-d. rcu_assign_pointer()
-e. rcu_dereference()
-
-There are many other members of the RCU API, but the rest can be
-expressed in terms of these five, though most implementations instead
-express synchronize_rcu() in terms of the call_rcu() callback API.
-
-The five core RCU APIs are described below, the other 18 will be enumerated
-later. See the kernel docbook documentation for more info, or look directly
-at the function header comments.
-
-rcu_read_lock()
-
- void rcu_read_lock(void);
-
- Used by a reader to inform the reclaimer that the reader is
- entering an RCU read-side critical section. It is illegal
- to block while in an RCU read-side critical section, though
- kernels built with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU can preempt RCU read-side
- critical sections. Any RCU-protected data structure accessed
- during an RCU read-side critical section is guaranteed to remain
- unreclaimed for the full duration of that critical section.
- Reference counts may be used in conjunction with RCU to maintain
- longer-term references to data structures.
-
-rcu_read_unlock()
-
- void rcu_read_unlock(void);
-
- Used by a reader to inform the reclaimer that the reader is
- exiting an RCU read-side critical section. Note that RCU
- read-side critical sections may be nested and/or overlapping.
-
-synchronize_rcu()
-
- void synchronize_rcu(void);
-
- Marks the end of updater code and the beginning of reclaimer
- code. It does this by blocking until all pre-existing RCU
- read-side critical sections on all CPUs have completed.
- Note that synchronize_rcu() will -not- necessarily wait for
- any subsequent RCU read-side critical sections to complete.
- For example, consider the following sequence of events:
-
- CPU 0 CPU 1 CPU 2
- ----------------- ------------------------- ---------------
- 1. rcu_read_lock()
- 2. enters synchronize_rcu()
- 3. rcu_read_lock()
- 4. rcu_read_unlock()
- 5. exits synchronize_rcu()
- 6. rcu_read_unlock()
-
- To reiterate, synchronize_rcu() waits only for ongoing RCU
- read-side critical sections to complete, not necessarily for
- any that begin after synchronize_rcu() is invoked.
-
- Of course, synchronize_rcu() does not necessarily return
- -immediately- after the last pre-existing RCU read-side critical
- section completes. For one thing, there might well be scheduling
- delays. For another thing, many RCU implementations process
- requests in batches in order to improve efficiencies, which can
- further delay synchronize_rcu().
-
- Since synchronize_rcu() is the API that must figure out when
- readers are done, its implementation is key to RCU. For RCU
- to be useful in all but the most read-intensive situations,
- synchronize_rcu()'s overhead must also be quite small.
-
- The call_rcu() API is a callback form of synchronize_rcu(),
- and is described in more detail in a later section. Instead of
- blocking, it registers a function and argument which are invoked
- after all ongoing RCU read-side critical sections have completed.
- This callback variant is particularly useful in situations where
- it is illegal to block or where update-side performance is
- critically important.
-
- However, the call_rcu() API should not be used lightly, as use
- of the synchronize_rcu() API generally results in simpler code.
- In addition, the synchronize_rcu() API has the nice property
- of automatically limiting update rate should grace periods
- be delayed. This property results in system resilience in face
- of denial-of-service attacks. Code using call_rcu() should limit
- update rate in order to gain this same sort of resilience. See
- checklist.txt for some approaches to limiting the update rate.
-
-rcu_assign_pointer()
-
- typeof(p) rcu_assign_pointer(p, typeof(p) v);
-
- Yes, rcu_assign_pointer() -is- implemented as a macro, though it
- would be cool to be able to declare a function in this manner.
- (Compiler experts will no doubt disagree.)
-
- The updater uses this function to assign a new value to an
- RCU-protected pointer, in order to safely communicate the change
- in value from the updater to the reader. This function returns
- the new value, and also executes any memory-barrier instructions
- required for a given CPU architecture.
-
- Perhaps just as important, it serves to document (1) which
- pointers are protected by RCU and (2) the point at which a
- given structure becomes accessible to other CPUs. That said,
- rcu_assign_pointer() is most frequently used indirectly, via
- the _rcu list-manipulation primitives such as list_add_rcu().
-
-rcu_dereference()
-
- typeof(p) rcu_dereference(p);
-
- Like rcu_assign_pointer(), rcu_dereference() must be implemented
- as a macro.
-
- The reader uses rcu_dereference() to fetch an RCU-protected
- pointer, which returns a value that may then be safely
- dereferenced. Note that rcu_deference() does not actually
- dereference the pointer, instead, it protects the pointer for
- later dereferencing. It also executes any needed memory-barrier
- instructions for a given CPU architecture. Currently, only Alpha
- needs memory barriers within rcu_dereference() -- on other CPUs,
- it compiles to nothing, not even a compiler directive.
-
- Common coding practice uses rcu_dereference() to copy an
- RCU-protected pointer to a local variable, then dereferences
- this local variable, for example as follows:
-
- p = rcu_dereference(head.next);
- return p->data;
-
- However, in this case, one could just as easily combine these
- into one statement:
-
- return rcu_dereference(head.next)->data;
-
- If you are going to be fetching multiple fields from the
- RCU-protected structure, using the local variable is of
- course preferred. Repeated rcu_dereference() calls look
- ugly and incur unnecessary overhead on Alpha CPUs.
-
- Note that the value returned by rcu_dereference() is valid
- only within the enclosing RCU read-side critical section.
- For example, the following is -not- legal:
-
- rcu_read_lock();
- p = rcu_dereference(head.next);
- rcu_read_unlock();
- x = p->address;
- rcu_read_lock();
- y = p->data;
- rcu_read_unlock();
-
- Holding a reference from one RCU read-side critical section
- to another is just as illegal as holding a reference from
- one lock-based critical section to another! Similarly,
- using a reference outside of the critical section in which
- it was acquired is just as illegal as doing so with normal
- locking.
-
- As with rcu_assign_pointer(), an important function of
- rcu_dereference() is to document which pointers are protected by
- RCU, in particular, flagging a pointer that is subject to changing
- at any time, including immediately after the rcu_dereference().
- And, again like rcu_assign_pointer(), rcu_dereference() is
- typically used indirectly, via the _rcu list-manipulation
- primitives, such as list_for_each_entry_rcu().
-
-The following diagram shows how each API communicates among the
-reader, updater, and reclaimer.
-
-
- rcu_assign_pointer()
- +--------+
- +---------------------->| reader |---------+
- | +--------+ |
- | | |
- | | | Protect:
- | | | rcu_read_lock()
- | | | rcu_read_unlock()
- | rcu_dereference() | |
- +---------+ | |
- | updater |<---------------------+ |
- +---------+ V
- | +-----------+
- +----------------------------------->| reclaimer |
- +-----------+
- Defer:
- synchronize_rcu() & call_rcu()
-
-
-The RCU infrastructure observes the time sequence of rcu_read_lock(),
-rcu_read_unlock(), synchronize_rcu(), and call_rcu() invocations in
-order to determine when (1) synchronize_rcu() invocations may return
-to their callers and (2) call_rcu() callbacks may be invoked. Efficient
-implementations of the RCU infrastructure make heavy use of batching in
-order to amortize their overhead over many uses of the corresponding APIs.
-
-There are no fewer than three RCU mechanisms in the Linux kernel; the
-diagram above shows the first one, which is by far the most commonly used.
-The rcu_dereference() and rcu_assign_pointer() primitives are used for
-all three mechanisms, but different defer and protect primitives are
-used as follows:
-
- Defer Protect
-
-a. synchronize_rcu() rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock()
- call_rcu()
-
-b. call_rcu_bh() rcu_read_lock_bh() / rcu_read_unlock_bh()
-
-c. synchronize_sched() preempt_disable() / preempt_enable()
- local_irq_save() / local_irq_restore()
- hardirq enter / hardirq exit
- NMI enter / NMI exit
-
-These three mechanisms are used as follows:
-
-a. RCU applied to normal data structures.
-
-b. RCU applied to networking data structures that may be subjected
- to remote denial-of-service attacks.
-
-c. RCU applied to scheduler and interrupt/NMI-handler tasks.
-
-Again, most uses will be of (a). The (b) and (c) cases are important
-for specialized uses, but are relatively uncommon.
-
-
-3. WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLE USES OF CORE RCU API?
-
-This section shows a simple use of the core RCU API to protect a
-global pointer to a dynamically allocated structure. More-typical
-uses of RCU may be found in listRCU.txt, arrayRCU.txt, and NMI-RCU.txt.
-
- struct foo {
- int a;
- char b;
- long c;
- };
- DEFINE_SPINLOCK(foo_mutex);
-
- struct foo *gbl_foo;
-
- /*
- * Create a new struct foo that is the same as the one currently
- * pointed to by gbl_foo, except that field "a" is replaced
- * with "new_a". Points gbl_foo to the new structure, and
- * frees up the old structure after a grace period.
- *
- * Uses rcu_assign_pointer() to ensure that concurrent readers
- * see the initialized version of the new structure.
- *
- * Uses synchronize_rcu() to ensure that any readers that might
- * have references to the old structure complete before freeing
- * the old structure.
- */
- void foo_update_a(int new_a)
- {
- struct foo *new_fp;
- struct foo *old_fp;
-
- new_fp = kmalloc(sizeof(*new_fp), GFP_KERNEL);
- spin_lock(&foo_mutex);
- old_fp = gbl_foo;
- *new_fp = *old_fp;
- new_fp->a = new_a;
- rcu_assign_pointer(gbl_foo, new_fp);
- spin_unlock(&foo_mutex);
- synchronize_rcu();
- kfree(old_fp);
- }
-
- /*
- * Return the value of field "a" of the current gbl_foo
- * structure. Use rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock()
- * to ensure that the structure does not get deleted out
- * from under us, and use rcu_dereference() to ensure that
- * we see the initialized version of the structure (important
- * for DEC Alpha and for people reading the code).
- */
- int foo_get_a(void)
- {
- int retval;
-
- rcu_read_lock();
- retval = rcu_dereference(gbl_foo)->a;
- rcu_read_unlock();
- return retval;
- }
-
-So, to sum up:
-
-o Use rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() to guard RCU
- read-side critical sections.
-
-o Within an RCU read-side critical section, use rcu_dereference()
- to dereference RCU-protected pointers.
-
-o Use some solid scheme (such as locks or semaphores) to
- keep concurrent updates from interfering with each other.
-
-o Use rcu_assign_pointer() to update an RCU-protected pointer.
- This primitive protects concurrent readers from the updater,
- -not- concurrent updates from each other! You therefore still
- need to use locking (or something similar) to keep concurrent
- rcu_assign_pointer() primitives from interfering with each other.
-
-o Use synchronize_rcu() -after- removing a data element from an
- RCU-protected data structure, but -before- reclaiming/freeing
- the data element, in order to wait for the completion of all
- RCU read-side critical sections that might be referencing that
- data item.
-
-See checklist.txt for additional rules to follow when using RCU.
-And again, more-typical uses of RCU may be found in listRCU.txt,
-arrayRCU.txt, and NMI-RCU.txt.
-
-
-4. WHAT IF MY UPDATING THREAD CANNOT BLOCK?
-
-In the example above, foo_update_a() blocks until a grace period elapses.
-This is quite simple, but in some cases one cannot afford to wait so
-long -- there might be other high-priority work to be done.
-
-In such cases, one uses call_rcu() rather than synchronize_rcu().
-The call_rcu() API is as follows:
-
- void call_rcu(struct rcu_head * head,
- void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head));
-
-This function invokes func(head) after a grace period has elapsed.
-This invocation might happen from either softirq or process context,
-so the function is not permitted to block. The foo struct needs to
-have an rcu_head structure added, perhaps as follows:
-
- struct foo {
- int a;
- char b;
- long c;
- struct rcu_head rcu;
- };
-
-The foo_update_a() function might then be written as follows:
-
- /*
- * Create a new struct foo that is the same as the one currently
- * pointed to by gbl_foo, except that field "a" is replaced
- * with "new_a". Points gbl_foo to the new structure, and
- * frees up the old structure after a grace period.
- *
- * Uses rcu_assign_pointer() to ensure that concurrent readers
- * see the initialized version of the new structure.
- *
- * Uses call_rcu() to ensure that any readers that might have
- * references to the old structure complete before freeing the
- * old structure.
- */
- void foo_update_a(int new_a)
- {
- struct foo *new_fp;
- struct foo *old_fp;
-
- new_fp = kmalloc(sizeof(*new_fp), GFP_KERNEL);
- spin_lock(&foo_mutex);
- old_fp = gbl_foo;
- *new_fp = *old_fp;
- new_fp->a = new_a;
- rcu_assign_pointer(gbl_foo, new_fp);
- spin_unlock(&foo_mutex);
- call_rcu(&old_fp->rcu, foo_reclaim);
- }
-
-The foo_reclaim() function might appear as follows:
-
- void foo_reclaim(struct rcu_head *rp)
- {
- struct foo *fp = container_of(rp, struct foo, rcu);
-
- kfree(fp);
- }
-
-The container_of() primitive is a macro that, given a pointer into a
-struct, the type of the struct, and the pointed-to field within the
-struct, returns a pointer to the beginning of the struct.
-
-The use of call_rcu() permits the caller of foo_update_a() to
-immediately regain control, without needing to worry further about the
-old version of the newly updated element. It also clearly shows the
-RCU distinction between updater, namely foo_update_a(), and reclaimer,
-namely foo_reclaim().
-
-The summary of advice is the same as for the previous section, except
-that we are now using call_rcu() rather than synchronize_rcu():
-
-o Use call_rcu() -after- removing a data element from an
- RCU-protected data structure in order to register a callback
- function that will be invoked after the completion of all RCU
- read-side critical sections that might be referencing that
- data item.
-
-Again, see checklist.txt for additional rules governing the use of RCU.
-
-
-5. WHAT ARE SOME SIMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONS OF RCU?
-
-One of the nice things about RCU is that it has extremely simple "toy"
-implementations that are a good first step towards understanding the
-production-quality implementations in the Linux kernel. This section
-presents two such "toy" implementations of RCU, one that is implemented
-in terms of familiar locking primitives, and another that more closely
-resembles "classic" RCU. Both are way too simple for real-world use,
-lacking both functionality and performance. However, they are useful
-in getting a feel for how RCU works. See kernel/rcupdate.c for a
-production-quality implementation, and see:
-
- http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU
-
-for papers describing the Linux kernel RCU implementation. The OLS'01
-and OLS'02 papers are a good introduction, and the dissertation provides
-more details on the current implementation as of early 2004.
-
-
-5A. "TOY" IMPLEMENTATION #1: LOCKING
-
-This section presents a "toy" RCU implementation that is based on
-familiar locking primitives. Its overhead makes it a non-starter for
-real-life use, as does its lack of scalability. It is also unsuitable
-for realtime use, since it allows scheduling latency to "bleed" from
-one read-side critical section to another.
-
-However, it is probably the easiest implementation to relate to, so is
-a good starting point.
-
-It is extremely simple:
-
- static DEFINE_RWLOCK(rcu_gp_mutex);
-
- void rcu_read_lock(void)
- {
- read_lock(&rcu_gp_mutex);
- }
-
- void rcu_read_unlock(void)
- {
- read_unlock(&rcu_gp_mutex);
- }
-
- void synchronize_rcu(void)
- {
- write_lock(&rcu_gp_mutex);
- write_unlock(&rcu_gp_mutex);
- }
-
-[You can ignore rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() without
-missing much. But here they are anyway. And whatever you do, don't
-forget about them when submitting patches making use of RCU!]
-
- #define rcu_assign_pointer(p, v) ({ \
- smp_wmb(); \
- (p) = (v); \
- })
-
- #define rcu_dereference(p) ({ \
- typeof(p) _________p1 = p; \
- smp_read_barrier_depends(); \
- (_________p1); \
- })
-
-
-The rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() primitive read-acquire
-and release a global reader-writer lock. The synchronize_rcu()
-primitive write-acquires this same lock, then immediately releases
-it. This means that once synchronize_rcu() exits, all RCU read-side
-critical sections that were in progress before synchronize_rcu() was
-called are guaranteed to have completed -- there is no way that
-synchronize_rcu() would have been able to write-acquire the lock
-otherwise.
-
-It is possible to nest rcu_read_lock(), since reader-writer locks may
-be recursively acquired. Note also that rcu_read_lock() is immune
-from deadlock (an important property of RCU). The reason for this is
-that the only thing that can block rcu_read_lock() is a synchronize_rcu().
-But synchronize_rcu() does not acquire any locks while holding rcu_gp_mutex,
-so there can be no deadlock cycle.
-
-Quick Quiz #1: Why is this argument naive? How could a deadlock
- occur when using this algorithm in a real-world Linux
- kernel? How could this deadlock be avoided?
-
-
-5B. "TOY" EXAMPLE #2: CLASSIC RCU
-
-This section presents a "toy" RCU implementation that is based on
-"classic RCU". It is also short on performance (but only for updates) and
-on features such as hotplug CPU and the ability to run in CONFIG_PREEMPT
-kernels. The definitions of rcu_dereference() and rcu_assign_pointer()
-are the same as those shown in the preceding section, so they are omitted.
-
- void rcu_read_lock(void) { }
-
- void rcu_read_unlock(void) { }
-
- void synchronize_rcu(void)
- {
- int cpu;
-
- for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
- run_on(cpu);
- }
-
-Note that rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() do absolutely nothing.
-This is the great strength of classic RCU in a non-preemptive kernel:
-read-side overhead is precisely zero, at least on non-Alpha CPUs.
-And there is absolutely no way that rcu_read_lock() can possibly
-participate in a deadlock cycle!
-
-The implementation of synchronize_rcu() simply schedules itself on each
-CPU in turn. The run_on() primitive can be implemented straightforwardly
-in terms of the sched_setaffinity() primitive. Of course, a somewhat less
-"toy" implementation would restore the affinity upon completion rather
-than just leaving all tasks running on the last CPU, but when I said
-"toy", I meant -toy-!
-
-So how the heck is this supposed to work???
-
-Remember that it is illegal to block while in an RCU read-side critical
-section. Therefore, if a given CPU executes a context switch, we know
-that it must have completed all preceding RCU read-side critical sections.
-Once -all- CPUs have executed a context switch, then -all- preceding
-RCU read-side critical sections will have completed.
-
-So, suppose that we remove a data item from its structure and then invoke
-synchronize_rcu(). Once synchronize_rcu() returns, we are guaranteed
-that there are no RCU read-side critical sections holding a reference
-to that data item, so we can safely reclaim it.
-
-Quick Quiz #2: Give an example where Classic RCU's read-side
- overhead is -negative-.
-
-Quick Quiz #3: If it is illegal to block in an RCU read-side
- critical section, what the heck do you do in
- PREEMPT_RT, where normal spinlocks can block???
-
-
-6. ANALOGY WITH READER-WRITER LOCKING
-
-Although RCU can be used in many different ways, a very common use of
-RCU is analogous to reader-writer locking. The following unified
-diff shows how closely related RCU and reader-writer locking can be.
-
- @@ -13,15 +14,15 @@
- struct list_head *lp;
- struct el *p;
-
- - read_lock();
- - list_for_each_entry(p, head, lp) {
- + rcu_read_lock();
- + list_for_each_entry_rcu(p, head, lp) {
- if (p->key == key) {
- *result = p->data;
- - read_unlock();
- + rcu_read_unlock();
- return 1;
- }
- }
- - read_unlock();
- + rcu_read_unlock();
- return 0;
- }
-
- @@ -29,15 +30,16 @@
- {
- struct el *p;
-
- - write_lock(&listmutex);
- + spin_lock(&listmutex);
- list_for_each_entry(p, head, lp) {
- if (p->key == key) {
- - list_del(&p->list);
- - write_unlock(&listmutex);
- + list_del_rcu(&p->list);
- + spin_unlock(&listmutex);
- + synchronize_rcu();
- kfree(p);
- return 1;
- }
- }
- - write_unlock(&listmutex);
- + spin_unlock(&listmutex);
- return 0;
- }
-
-Or, for those who prefer a side-by-side listing:
-
- 1 struct el { 1 struct el {
- 2 struct list_head list; 2 struct list_head list;
- 3 long key; 3 long key;
- 4 spinlock_t mutex; 4 spinlock_t mutex;
- 5 int data; 5 int data;
- 6 /* Other data fields */ 6 /* Other data fields */
- 7 }; 7 };
- 8 spinlock_t listmutex; 8 spinlock_t listmutex;
- 9 struct el head; 9 struct el head;
-
- 1 int search(long key, int *result) 1 int search(long key, int *result)
- 2 { 2 {
- 3 struct list_head *lp; 3 struct list_head *lp;
- 4 struct el *p; 4 struct el *p;
- 5 5
- 6 read_lock(); 6 rcu_read_lock();
- 7 list_for_each_entry(p, head, lp) { 7 list_for_each_entry_rcu(p, head, lp) {
- 8 if (p->key == key) { 8 if (p->key == key) {
- 9 *result = p->data; 9 *result = p->data;
-10 read_unlock(); 10 rcu_read_unlock();
-11 return 1; 11 return 1;
-12 } 12 }
-13 } 13 }
-14 read_unlock(); 14 rcu_read_unlock();
-15 return 0; 15 return 0;
-16 } 16 }
-
- 1 int delete(long key) 1 int delete(long key)
- 2 { 2 {
- 3 struct el *p; 3 struct el *p;
- 4 4
- 5 write_lock(&listmutex); 5 spin_lock(&listmutex);
- 6 list_for_each_entry(p, head, lp) { 6 list_for_each_entry(p, head, lp) {
- 7 if (p->key == key) { 7 if (p->key == key) {
- 8 list_del(&p->list); 8 list_del_rcu(&p->list);
- 9 write_unlock(&listmutex); 9 spin_unlock(&listmutex);
- 10 synchronize_rcu();
-10 kfree(p); 11 kfree(p);
-11 return 1; 12 return 1;
-12 } 13 }
-13 } 14 }
-14 write_unlock(&listmutex); 15 spin_unlock(&listmutex);
-15 return 0; 16 return 0;
-16 } 17 }
-
-Either way, the differences are quite small. Read-side locking moves
-to rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock, update-side locking moves from
-a reader-writer lock to a simple spinlock, and a synchronize_rcu()
-precedes the kfree().
-
-However, there is one potential catch: the read-side and update-side
-critical sections can now run concurrently. In many cases, this will
-not be a problem, but it is necessary to check carefully regardless.
-For example, if multiple independent list updates must be seen as
-a single atomic update, converting to RCU will require special care.
-
-Also, the presence of synchronize_rcu() means that the RCU version of
-delete() can now block. If this is a problem, there is a callback-based
-mechanism that never blocks, namely call_rcu(), that can be used in
-place of synchronize_rcu().
-
-
-7. FULL LIST OF RCU APIs
-
-The RCU APIs are documented in docbook-format header comments in the
-Linux-kernel source code, but it helps to have a full list of the
-APIs, since there does not appear to be a way to categorize them
-in docbook. Here is the list, by category.
-
-RCU pointer/list traversal:
-
- rcu_dereference
- list_for_each_entry_rcu
- hlist_for_each_entry_rcu
-
- list_for_each_rcu (to be deprecated in favor of
- list_for_each_entry_rcu)
- list_for_each_continue_rcu (to be deprecated in favor of new
- list_for_each_entry_continue_rcu)
-
-RCU pointer/list update:
-
- rcu_assign_pointer
- list_add_rcu
- list_add_tail_rcu
- list_del_rcu
- list_replace_rcu
- hlist_del_rcu
- hlist_add_after_rcu
- hlist_add_before_rcu
- hlist_add_head_rcu
- hlist_replace_rcu
- list_splice_init_rcu()
-
-RCU: Critical sections Grace period Barrier
-
- rcu_read_lock synchronize_net rcu_barrier
- rcu_read_unlock synchronize_rcu
- call_rcu
-
-
-bh: Critical sections Grace period Barrier
-
- rcu_read_lock_bh call_rcu_bh rcu_barrier_bh
- rcu_read_unlock_bh
-
-
-sched: Critical sections Grace period Barrier
-
- [preempt_disable] synchronize_sched rcu_barrier_sched
- [and friends] call_rcu_sched
-
-
-SRCU: Critical sections Grace period Barrier
-
- srcu_read_lock synchronize_srcu N/A
- srcu_read_unlock
-
-
-See the comment headers in the source code (or the docbook generated
-from them) for more information.
-
-
-8. ANSWERS TO QUICK QUIZZES
-
-Quick Quiz #1: Why is this argument naive? How could a deadlock
- occur when using this algorithm in a real-world Linux
- kernel? [Referring to the lock-based "toy" RCU
- algorithm.]
-
-Answer: Consider the following sequence of events:
-
- 1. CPU 0 acquires some unrelated lock, call it
- "problematic_lock", disabling irq via
- spin_lock_irqsave().
-
- 2. CPU 1 enters synchronize_rcu(), write-acquiring
- rcu_gp_mutex.
-
- 3. CPU 0 enters rcu_read_lock(), but must wait
- because CPU 1 holds rcu_gp_mutex.
-
- 4. CPU 1 is interrupted, and the irq handler
- attempts to acquire problematic_lock.
-
- The system is now deadlocked.
-
- One way to avoid this deadlock is to use an approach like
- that of CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT, where all normal spinlocks
- become blocking locks, and all irq handlers execute in
- the context of special tasks. In this case, in step 4
- above, the irq handler would block, allowing CPU 1 to
- release rcu_gp_mutex, avoiding the deadlock.
-
- Even in the absence of deadlock, this RCU implementation
- allows latency to "bleed" from readers to other
- readers through synchronize_rcu(). To see this,
- consider task A in an RCU read-side critical section
- (thus read-holding rcu_gp_mutex), task B blocked
- attempting to write-acquire rcu_gp_mutex, and
- task C blocked in rcu_read_lock() attempting to
- read_acquire rcu_gp_mutex. Task A's RCU read-side
- latency is holding up task C, albeit indirectly via
- task B.
-
- Realtime RCU implementations therefore use a counter-based
- approach where tasks in RCU read-side critical sections
- cannot be blocked by tasks executing synchronize_rcu().
-
-Quick Quiz #2: Give an example where Classic RCU's read-side
- overhead is -negative-.
-
-Answer: Imagine a single-CPU system with a non-CONFIG_PREEMPT
- kernel where a routing table is used by process-context
- code, but can be updated by irq-context code (for example,
- by an "ICMP REDIRECT" packet). The usual way of handling
- this would be to have the process-context code disable
- interrupts while searching the routing table. Use of
- RCU allows such interrupt-disabling to be dispensed with.
- Thus, without RCU, you pay the cost of disabling interrupts,
- and with RCU you don't.
-
- One can argue that the overhead of RCU in this
- case is negative with respect to the single-CPU
- interrupt-disabling approach. Others might argue that
- the overhead of RCU is merely zero, and that replacing
- the positive overhead of the interrupt-disabling scheme
- with the zero-overhead RCU scheme does not constitute
- negative overhead.
-
- In real life, of course, things are more complex. But
- even the theoretical possibility of negative overhead for
- a synchronization primitive is a bit unexpected. ;-)
-
-Quick Quiz #3: If it is illegal to block in an RCU read-side
- critical section, what the heck do you do in
- PREEMPT_RT, where normal spinlocks can block???
-
-Answer: Just as PREEMPT_RT permits preemption of spinlock
- critical sections, it permits preemption of RCU
- read-side critical sections. It also permits
- spinlocks blocking while in RCU read-side critical
- sections.
-
- Why the apparent inconsistency? Because it is it
- possible to use priority boosting to keep the RCU
- grace periods short if need be (for example, if running
- short of memory). In contrast, if blocking waiting
- for (say) network reception, there is no way to know
- what should be boosted. Especially given that the
- process we need to boost might well be a human being
- who just went out for a pizza or something. And although
- a computer-operated cattle prod might arouse serious
- interest, it might also provoke serious objections.
- Besides, how does the computer know what pizza parlor
- the human being went to???
-
-
-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
-
-My thanks to the people who helped make this human-readable, including
-Jon Walpole, Josh Triplett, Serge Hallyn, Suzanne Wood, and Alan Stern.
-
-
-For more information, see http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU.
diff --git a/Documentation/README.DAC960 b/Documentation/README.DAC960
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e8f618ab534..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/README.DAC960
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,756 +0,0 @@
- Linux Driver for Mylex DAC960/AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID PCI RAID Controllers
-
- Version 2.2.11 for Linux 2.2.19
- Version 2.4.11 for Linux 2.4.12
-
- PRODUCTION RELEASE
-
- 11 October 2001
-
- Leonard N. Zubkoff
- Dandelion Digital
- lnz@dandelion.com
-
- Copyright 1998-2001 by Leonard N. Zubkoff <lnz@dandelion.com>
-
-
- INTRODUCTION
-
-Mylex, Inc. designs and manufactures a variety of high performance PCI RAID
-controllers. Mylex Corporation is located at 34551 Ardenwood Blvd., Fremont,
-California 94555, USA and can be reached at 510.796.6100 or on the World Wide
-Web at http://www.mylex.com. Mylex Technical Support can be reached by
-electronic mail at mylexsup@us.ibm.com, by voice at 510.608.2400, or by FAX at
-510.745.7715. Contact information for offices in Europe and Japan is available
-on their Web site.
-
-The latest information on Linux support for DAC960 PCI RAID Controllers, as
-well as the most recent release of this driver, will always be available from
-my Linux Home Page at URL "http://www.dandelion.com/Linux/". The Linux DAC960
-driver supports all current Mylex PCI RAID controllers including the new
-eXtremeRAID 2000/3000 and AcceleRAID 352/170/160 models which have an entirely
-new firmware interface from the older eXtremeRAID 1100, AcceleRAID 150/200/250,
-and DAC960PJ/PG/PU/PD/PL. See below for a complete controller list as well as
-minimum firmware version requirements. For simplicity, in most places this
-documentation refers to DAC960 generically rather than explicitly listing all
-the supported models.
-
-Driver bug reports should be sent via electronic mail to "lnz@dandelion.com".
-Please include with the bug report the complete configuration messages reported
-by the driver at startup, along with any subsequent system messages relevant to
-the controller's operation, and a detailed description of your system's
-hardware configuration. Driver bugs are actually quite rare; if you encounter
-problems with disks being marked offline, for example, please contact Mylex
-Technical Support as the problem is related to the hardware configuration
-rather than the Linux driver.
-
-Please consult the RAID controller documentation for detailed information
-regarding installation and configuration of the controllers. This document
-primarily provides information specific to the Linux support.
-
-
- DRIVER FEATURES
-
-The DAC960 RAID controllers are supported solely as high performance RAID
-controllers, not as interfaces to arbitrary SCSI devices. The Linux DAC960
-driver operates at the block device level, the same level as the SCSI and IDE
-drivers. Unlike other RAID controllers currently supported on Linux, the
-DAC960 driver is not dependent on the SCSI subsystem, and hence avoids all the
-complexity and unnecessary code that would be associated with an implementation
-as a SCSI driver. The DAC960 driver is designed for as high a performance as
-possible with no compromises or extra code for compatibility with lower
-performance devices. The DAC960 driver includes extensive error logging and
-online configuration management capabilities. Except for initial configuration
-of the controller and adding new disk drives, most everything can be handled
-from Linux while the system is operational.
-
-The DAC960 driver is architected to support up to 8 controllers per system.
-Each DAC960 parallel SCSI controller can support up to 15 disk drives per
-channel, for a maximum of 60 drives on a four channel controller; the fibre
-channel eXtremeRAID 3000 controller supports up to 125 disk drives per loop for
-a total of 250 drives. The drives installed on a controller are divided into
-one or more "Drive Groups", and then each Drive Group is subdivided further
-into 1 to 32 "Logical Drives". Each Logical Drive has a specific RAID Level
-and caching policy associated with it, and it appears to Linux as a single
-block device. Logical Drives are further subdivided into up to 7 partitions
-through the normal Linux and PC disk partitioning schemes. Logical Drives are
-also known as "System Drives", and Drive Groups are also called "Packs". Both
-terms are in use in the Mylex documentation; I have chosen to standardize on
-the more generic "Logical Drive" and "Drive Group".
-
-DAC960 RAID disk devices are named in the style of the obsolete Device File
-System (DEVFS). The device corresponding to Logical Drive D on Controller C
-is referred to as /dev/rd/cCdD, and the partitions are called /dev/rd/cCdDp1
-through /dev/rd/cCdDp7. For example, partition 3 of Logical Drive 5 on
-Controller 2 is referred to as /dev/rd/c2d5p3. Note that unlike with SCSI
-disks the device names will not change in the event of a disk drive failure.
-The DAC960 driver is assigned major numbers 48 - 55 with one major number per
-controller. The 8 bits of minor number are divided into 5 bits for the Logical
-Drive and 3 bits for the partition.
-
-
- SUPPORTED DAC960/AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID PCI RAID CONTROLLERS
-
-The following list comprises the supported DAC960, AcceleRAID, and eXtremeRAID
-PCI RAID Controllers as of the date of this document. It is recommended that
-anyone purchasing a Mylex PCI RAID Controller not in the following table
-contact the author beforehand to verify that it is or will be supported.
-
-eXtremeRAID 3000
- 1 Wide Ultra-2/LVD SCSI channel
- 2 External Fibre FC-AL channels
- 233MHz StrongARM SA 110 Processor
- 64 Bit 33MHz PCI (backward compatible with 32 Bit PCI slots)
- 32MB/64MB ECC SDRAM Memory
-
-eXtremeRAID 2000
- 4 Wide Ultra-160 LVD SCSI channels
- 233MHz StrongARM SA 110 Processor
- 64 Bit 33MHz PCI (backward compatible with 32 Bit PCI slots)
- 32MB/64MB ECC SDRAM Memory
-
-AcceleRAID 352
- 2 Wide Ultra-160 LVD SCSI channels
- 100MHz Intel i960RN RISC Processor
- 64 Bit 33MHz PCI (backward compatible with 32 Bit PCI slots)
- 32MB/64MB ECC SDRAM Memory
-
-AcceleRAID 170
- 1 Wide Ultra-160 LVD SCSI channel
- 100MHz Intel i960RM RISC Processor
- 16MB/32MB/64MB ECC SDRAM Memory
-
-AcceleRAID 160 (AcceleRAID 170LP)
- 1 Wide Ultra-160 LVD SCSI channel
- 100MHz Intel i960RS RISC Processor
- Built in 16M ECC SDRAM Memory
- PCI Low Profile Form Factor - fit for 2U height
-
-eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)
- 3 Wide Ultra-2/LVD SCSI channels
- 233MHz StrongARM SA 110 Processor
- 64 Bit 33MHz PCI (backward compatible with 32 Bit PCI slots)
- 16MB/32MB/64MB Parity SDRAM Memory with Battery Backup
-
-AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)
- Uses onboard Symbios SCSI chips on certain motherboards
- Also includes one onboard Wide Ultra-2/LVD SCSI Channel
- 66MHz Intel i960RD RISC Processor
- 4MB/8MB/16MB/32MB/64MB/128MB ECC EDO Memory
-
-AcceleRAID 200 (DAC960PTL0)
- Uses onboard Symbios SCSI chips on certain motherboards
- Includes no onboard SCSI Channels
- 66MHz Intel i960RD RISC Processor
- 4MB/8MB/16MB/32MB/64MB/128MB ECC EDO Memory
-
-AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)
- Uses onboard Symbios SCSI chips on certain motherboards
- Also includes one onboard Wide Ultra-2/LVD SCSI Channel
- 33MHz Intel i960RP RISC Processor
- 4MB Parity EDO Memory
-
-DAC960PJ 1/2/3 Wide Ultra SCSI-3 Channels
- 66MHz Intel i960RD RISC Processor
- 4MB/8MB/16MB/32MB/64MB/128MB ECC EDO Memory
-
-DAC960PG 1/2/3 Wide Ultra SCSI-3 Channels
- 33MHz Intel i960RP RISC Processor
- 4MB/8MB ECC EDO Memory
-
-DAC960PU 1/2/3 Wide Ultra SCSI-3 Channels
- Intel i960CF RISC Processor
- 4MB/8MB EDRAM or 2MB/4MB/8MB/16MB/32MB DRAM Memory
-
-DAC960PD 1/2/3 Wide Fast SCSI-2 Channels
- Intel i960CF RISC Processor
- 4MB/8MB EDRAM or 2MB/4MB/8MB/16MB/32MB DRAM Memory
-
-DAC960PL 1/2/3 Wide Fast SCSI-2 Channels
- Intel i960 RISC Processor
- 2MB/4MB/8MB/16MB/32MB DRAM Memory
-
-DAC960P 1/2/3 Wide Fast SCSI-2 Channels
- Intel i960 RISC Processor
- 2MB/4MB/8MB/16MB/32MB DRAM Memory
-
-For the eXtremeRAID 2000/3000 and AcceleRAID 352/170/160, firmware version
-6.00-01 or above is required.
-
-For the eXtremeRAID 1100, firmware version 5.06-0-52 or above is required.
-
-For the AcceleRAID 250, 200, and 150, firmware version 4.06-0-57 or above is
-required.
-
-For the DAC960PJ and DAC960PG, firmware version 4.06-0-00 or above is required.
-
-For the DAC960PU, DAC960PD, DAC960PL, and DAC960P, either firmware version
-3.51-0-04 or above is required (for dual Flash ROM controllers), or firmware
-version 2.73-0-00 or above is required (for single Flash ROM controllers)
-
-Please note that not all SCSI disk drives are suitable for use with DAC960
-controllers, and only particular firmware versions of any given model may
-actually function correctly. Similarly, not all motherboards have a BIOS that
-properly initializes the AcceleRAID 250, AcceleRAID 200, AcceleRAID 150,
-DAC960PJ, and DAC960PG because the Intel i960RD/RP is a multi-function device.
-If in doubt, contact Mylex RAID Technical Support (mylexsup@us.ibm.com) to
-verify compatibility. Mylex makes available a hard disk compatibility list at
-http://www.mylex.com/support/hdcomp/hd-lists.html.
-
-
- DRIVER INSTALLATION
-
-This distribution was prepared for Linux kernel version 2.2.19 or 2.4.12.
-
-To install the DAC960 RAID driver, you may use the following commands,
-replacing "/usr/src" with wherever you keep your Linux kernel source tree:
-
- cd /usr/src
- tar -xvzf DAC960-2.2.11.tar.gz (or DAC960-2.4.11.tar.gz)
- mv README.DAC960 linux/Documentation
- mv DAC960.[ch] linux/drivers/block
- patch -p0 < DAC960.patch (if DAC960.patch is included)
- cd linux
- make config
- make bzImage (or zImage)
-
-Then install "arch/i386/boot/bzImage" or "arch/i386/boot/zImage" as your
-standard kernel, run lilo if appropriate, and reboot.
-
-To create the necessary devices in /dev, the "make_rd" script included in
-"DAC960-Utilities.tar.gz" from http://www.dandelion.com/Linux/ may be used.
-LILO 21 and FDISK v2.9 include DAC960 support; also included in this archive
-are patches to LILO 20 and FDISK v2.8 that add DAC960 support, along with
-statically linked executables of LILO and FDISK. This modified version of LILO
-will allow booting from a DAC960 controller and/or mounting the root file
-system from a DAC960.
-
-Red Hat Linux 6.0 and SuSE Linux 6.1 include support for Mylex PCI RAID
-controllers. Installing directly onto a DAC960 may be problematic from other
-Linux distributions until their installation utilities are updated.
-
-
- INSTALLATION NOTES
-
-Before installing Linux or adding DAC960 logical drives to an existing Linux
-system, the controller must first be configured to provide one or more logical
-drives using the BIOS Configuration Utility or DACCF. Please note that since
-there are only at most 6 usable partitions on each logical drive, systems
-requiring more partitions should subdivide a drive group into multiple logical
-drives, each of which can have up to 6 usable partitions. Also, note that with
-large disk arrays it is advisable to enable the 8GB BIOS Geometry (255/63)
-rather than accepting the default 2GB BIOS Geometry (128/32); failing to so do
-will cause the logical drive geometry to have more than 65535 cylinders which
-will make it impossible for FDISK to be used properly. The 8GB BIOS Geometry
-can be enabled by configuring the DAC960 BIOS, which is accessible via Alt-M
-during the BIOS initialization sequence.
-
-For maximum performance and the most efficient E2FSCK performance, it is
-recommended that EXT2 file systems be built with a 4KB block size and 16 block
-stride to match the DAC960 controller's 64KB default stripe size. The command
-"mke2fs -b 4096 -R stride=16 <device>" is appropriate. Unless there will be a
-large number of small files on the file systems, it is also beneficial to add
-the "-i 16384" option to increase the bytes per inode parameter thereby
-reducing the file system metadata. Finally, on systems that will only be run
-with Linux 2.2 or later kernels it is beneficial to enable sparse superblocks
-with the "-s 1" option.
-
-
- DAC960 ANNOUNCEMENTS MAILING LIST
-
-The DAC960 Announcements Mailing List provides a forum for informing Linux
-users of new driver releases and other announcements regarding Linux support
-for DAC960 PCI RAID Controllers. To join the mailing list, send a message to
-"dac960-announce-request@dandelion.com" with the line "subscribe" in the
-message body.
-
-
- CONTROLLER CONFIGURATION AND STATUS MONITORING
-
-The DAC960 RAID controllers running firmware 4.06 or above include a Background
-Initialization facility so that system downtime is minimized both for initial
-installation and subsequent configuration of additional storage. The BIOS
-Configuration Utility (accessible via Alt-R during the BIOS initialization
-sequence) is used to quickly configure the controller, and then the logical
-drives that have been created are available for immediate use even while they
-are still being initialized by the controller. The primary need for online
-configuration and status monitoring is then to avoid system downtime when disk
-drives fail and must be replaced. Mylex's online monitoring and configuration
-utilities are being ported to Linux and will become available at some point in
-the future. Note that with a SAF-TE (SCSI Accessed Fault-Tolerant Enclosure)
-enclosure, the controller is able to rebuild failed drives automatically as
-soon as a drive replacement is made available.
-
-The primary interfaces for controller configuration and status monitoring are
-special files created in the /proc/rd/... hierarchy along with the normal
-system console logging mechanism. Whenever the system is operating, the DAC960
-driver queries each controller for status information every 10 seconds, and
-checks for additional conditions every 60 seconds. The initial status of each
-controller is always available for controller N in /proc/rd/cN/initial_status,
-and the current status as of the last status monitoring query is available in
-/proc/rd/cN/current_status. In addition, status changes are also logged by the
-driver to the system console and will appear in the log files maintained by
-syslog. The progress of asynchronous rebuild or consistency check operations
-is also available in /proc/rd/cN/current_status, and progress messages are
-logged to the system console at most every 60 seconds.
-
-Starting with the 2.2.3/2.0.3 versions of the driver, the status information
-available in /proc/rd/cN/initial_status and /proc/rd/cN/current_status has been
-augmented to include the vendor, model, revision, and serial number (if
-available) for each physical device found connected to the controller:
-
-***** DAC960 RAID Driver Version 2.2.3 of 19 August 1999 *****
-Copyright 1998-1999 by Leonard N. Zubkoff <lnz@dandelion.com>
-Configuring Mylex DAC960PRL PCI RAID Controller
- Firmware Version: 4.07-0-07, Channels: 1, Memory Size: 16MB
- PCI Bus: 1, Device: 4, Function: 1, I/O Address: Unassigned
- PCI Address: 0xFE300000 mapped at 0xA0800000, IRQ Channel: 21
- Controller Queue Depth: 128, Maximum Blocks per Command: 128
- Driver Queue Depth: 127, Maximum Scatter/Gather Segments: 33
- Stripe Size: 64KB, Segment Size: 8KB, BIOS Geometry: 255/63
- SAF-TE Enclosure Management Enabled
- Physical Devices:
- 0:0 Vendor: IBM Model: DRVS09D Revision: 0270
- Serial Number: 68016775HA
- Disk Status: Online, 17928192 blocks
- 0:1 Vendor: IBM Model: DRVS09D Revision: 0270
- Serial Number: 68004E53HA
- Disk Status: Online, 17928192 blocks
- 0:2 Vendor: IBM Model: DRVS09D Revision: 0270
- Serial Number: 13013935HA
- Disk Status: Online, 17928192 blocks
- 0:3 Vendor: IBM Model: DRVS09D Revision: 0270
- Serial Number: 13016897HA
- Disk Status: Online, 17928192 blocks
- 0:4 Vendor: IBM Model: DRVS09D Revision: 0270
- Serial Number: 68019905HA
- Disk Status: Online, 17928192 blocks
- 0:5 Vendor: IBM Model: DRVS09D Revision: 0270
- Serial Number: 68012753HA
- Disk Status: Online, 17928192 blocks
- 0:6 Vendor: ESG-SHV Model: SCA HSBP M6 Revision: 0.61
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Online, 89640960 blocks, Write Thru
- No Rebuild or Consistency Check in Progress
-
-To simplify the monitoring process for custom software, the special file
-/proc/rd/status returns "OK" when all DAC960 controllers in the system are
-operating normally and no failures have occurred, or "ALERT" if any logical
-drives are offline or critical or any non-standby physical drives are dead.
-
-Configuration commands for controller N are available via the special file
-/proc/rd/cN/user_command. A human readable command can be written to this
-special file to initiate a configuration operation, and the results of the
-operation can then be read back from the special file in addition to being
-logged to the system console. The shell command sequence
-
- echo "<configuration-command>" > /proc/rd/c0/user_command
- cat /proc/rd/c0/user_command
-
-is typically used to execute configuration commands. The configuration
-commands are:
-
- flush-cache
-
- The "flush-cache" command flushes the controller's cache. The system
- automatically flushes the cache at shutdown or if the driver module is
- unloaded, so this command is only needed to be certain a write back cache
- is flushed to disk before the system is powered off by a command to a UPS.
- Note that the flush-cache command also stops an asynchronous rebuild or
- consistency check, so it should not be used except when the system is being
- halted.
-
- kill <channel>:<target-id>
-
- The "kill" command marks the physical drive <channel>:<target-id> as DEAD.
- This command is provided primarily for testing, and should not be used
- during normal system operation.
-
- make-online <channel>:<target-id>
-
- The "make-online" command changes the physical drive <channel>:<target-id>
- from status DEAD to status ONLINE. In cases where multiple physical drives
- have been killed simultaneously, this command may be used to bring all but
- one of them back online, after which a rebuild to the final drive is
- necessary.
-
- Warning: make-online should only be used on a dead physical drive that is
- an active part of a drive group, never on a standby drive. The command
- should never be used on a dead drive that is part of a critical logical
- drive; rebuild should be used if only a single drive is dead.
-
- make-standby <channel>:<target-id>
-
- The "make-standby" command changes physical drive <channel>:<target-id>
- from status DEAD to status STANDBY. It should only be used in cases where
- a dead drive was replaced after an automatic rebuild was performed onto a
- standby drive. It cannot be used to add a standby drive to the controller
- configuration if one was not created initially; the BIOS Configuration
- Utility must be used for that currently.
-
- rebuild <channel>:<target-id>
-
- The "rebuild" command initiates an asynchronous rebuild onto physical drive
- <channel>:<target-id>. It should only be used when a dead drive has been
- replaced.
-
- check-consistency <logical-drive-number>
-
- The "check-consistency" command initiates an asynchronous consistency check
- of <logical-drive-number> with automatic restoration. It can be used
- whenever it is desired to verify the consistency of the redundancy
- information.
-
- cancel-rebuild
- cancel-consistency-check
-
- The "cancel-rebuild" and "cancel-consistency-check" commands cancel any
- rebuild or consistency check operations previously initiated.
-
-
- EXAMPLE I - DRIVE FAILURE WITHOUT A STANDBY DRIVE
-
-The following annotated logs demonstrate the controller configuration and and
-online status monitoring capabilities of the Linux DAC960 Driver. The test
-configuration comprises 6 1GB Quantum Atlas I disk drives on two channels of a
-DAC960PJ controller. The physical drives are configured into a single drive
-group without a standby drive, and the drive group has been configured into two
-logical drives, one RAID-5 and one RAID-6. Note that these logs are from an
-earlier version of the driver and the messages have changed somewhat with newer
-releases, but the functionality remains similar. First, here is the current
-status of the RAID configuration:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/current_status
-***** DAC960 RAID Driver Version 2.0.0 of 23 March 1999 *****
-Copyright 1998-1999 by Leonard N. Zubkoff <lnz@dandelion.com>
-Configuring Mylex DAC960PJ PCI RAID Controller
- Firmware Version: 4.06-0-08, Channels: 3, Memory Size: 8MB
- PCI Bus: 0, Device: 19, Function: 1, I/O Address: Unassigned
- PCI Address: 0xFD4FC000 mapped at 0x8807000, IRQ Channel: 9
- Controller Queue Depth: 128, Maximum Blocks per Command: 128
- Driver Queue Depth: 127, Maximum Scatter/Gather Segments: 33
- Stripe Size: 64KB, Segment Size: 8KB, BIOS Geometry: 255/63
- Physical Devices:
- 0:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Online, 5498880 blocks, Write Thru
- /dev/rd/c0d1: RAID-6, Online, 3305472 blocks, Write Thru
- No Rebuild or Consistency Check in Progress
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/status
-OK
-
-The above messages indicate that everything is healthy, and /proc/rd/status
-returns "OK" indicating that there are no problems with any DAC960 controller
-in the system. For demonstration purposes, while I/O is active Physical Drive
-1:1 is now disconnected, simulating a drive failure. The failure is noted by
-the driver within 10 seconds of the controller's having detected it, and the
-driver logs the following console status messages indicating that Logical
-Drives 0 and 1 are now CRITICAL as a result of Physical Drive 1:1 being DEAD:
-
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:2 Error Log: Sense Key = 6, ASC = 29, ASCQ = 02
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:3 Error Log: Sense Key = 6, ASC = 29, ASCQ = 02
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:1 killed because of timeout on SCSI command
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:1 is now DEAD
-DAC960#0: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) is now CRITICAL
-DAC960#0: Logical Drive 1 (/dev/rd/c0d1) is now CRITICAL
-
-The Sense Keys logged here are just Check Condition / Unit Attention conditions
-arising from a SCSI bus reset that is forced by the controller during its error
-recovery procedures. Concurrently with the above, the driver status available
-from /proc/rd also reflects the drive failure. The status message in
-/proc/rd/status has changed from "OK" to "ALERT":
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/status
-ALERT
-
-and /proc/rd/c0/current_status has been updated:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/current_status
- ...
- Physical Devices:
- 0:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:1 - Disk: Dead, 2201600 blocks
- 1:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Critical, 5498880 blocks, Write Thru
- /dev/rd/c0d1: RAID-6, Critical, 3305472 blocks, Write Thru
- No Rebuild or Consistency Check in Progress
-
-Since there are no standby drives configured, the system can continue to access
-the logical drives in a performance degraded mode until the failed drive is
-replaced and a rebuild operation completed to restore the redundancy of the
-logical drives. Once Physical Drive 1:1 is replaced with a properly
-functioning drive, or if the physical drive was killed without having failed
-(e.g., due to electrical problems on the SCSI bus), the user can instruct the
-controller to initiate a rebuild operation onto the newly replaced drive:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# echo "rebuild 1:1" > /proc/rd/c0/user_command
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/user_command
-Rebuild of Physical Drive 1:1 Initiated
-
-The echo command instructs the controller to initiate an asynchronous rebuild
-operation onto Physical Drive 1:1, and the status message that results from the
-operation is then available for reading from /proc/rd/c0/user_command, as well
-as being logged to the console by the driver.
-
-Within 10 seconds of this command the driver logs the initiation of the
-asynchronous rebuild operation:
-
-DAC960#0: Rebuild of Physical Drive 1:1 Initiated
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:1 Error Log: Sense Key = 6, ASC = 29, ASCQ = 01
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:1 is now WRITE-ONLY
-DAC960#0: Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 1% completed
-
-and /proc/rd/c0/current_status is updated:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/current_status
- ...
- Physical Devices:
- 0:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:1 - Disk: Write-Only, 2201600 blocks
- 1:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Critical, 5498880 blocks, Write Thru
- /dev/rd/c0d1: RAID-6, Critical, 3305472 blocks, Write Thru
- Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 6% completed
-
-As the rebuild progresses, the current status in /proc/rd/c0/current_status is
-updated every 10 seconds:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/current_status
- ...
- Physical Devices:
- 0:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:1 - Disk: Write-Only, 2201600 blocks
- 1:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Critical, 5498880 blocks, Write Thru
- /dev/rd/c0d1: RAID-6, Critical, 3305472 blocks, Write Thru
- Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 15% completed
-
-and every minute a progress message is logged to the console by the driver:
-
-DAC960#0: Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 32% completed
-DAC960#0: Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 63% completed
-DAC960#0: Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 94% completed
-DAC960#0: Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 1 (/dev/rd/c0d1) 94% completed
-
-Finally, the rebuild completes successfully. The driver logs the status of the
-logical and physical drives and the rebuild completion:
-
-DAC960#0: Rebuild Completed Successfully
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:1 is now ONLINE
-DAC960#0: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) is now ONLINE
-DAC960#0: Logical Drive 1 (/dev/rd/c0d1) is now ONLINE
-
-/proc/rd/c0/current_status is updated:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/current_status
- ...
- Physical Devices:
- 0:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Online, 5498880 blocks, Write Thru
- /dev/rd/c0d1: RAID-6, Online, 3305472 blocks, Write Thru
- Rebuild Completed Successfully
-
-and /proc/rd/status indicates that everything is healthy once again:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/status
-OK
-
-
- EXAMPLE II - DRIVE FAILURE WITH A STANDBY DRIVE
-
-The following annotated logs demonstrate the controller configuration and and
-online status monitoring capabilities of the Linux DAC960 Driver. The test
-configuration comprises 6 1GB Quantum Atlas I disk drives on two channels of a
-DAC960PJ controller. The physical drives are configured into a single drive
-group with a standby drive, and the drive group has been configured into two
-logical drives, one RAID-5 and one RAID-6. Note that these logs are from an
-earlier version of the driver and the messages have changed somewhat with newer
-releases, but the functionality remains similar. First, here is the current
-status of the RAID configuration:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/current_status
-***** DAC960 RAID Driver Version 2.0.0 of 23 March 1999 *****
-Copyright 1998-1999 by Leonard N. Zubkoff <lnz@dandelion.com>
-Configuring Mylex DAC960PJ PCI RAID Controller
- Firmware Version: 4.06-0-08, Channels: 3, Memory Size: 8MB
- PCI Bus: 0, Device: 19, Function: 1, I/O Address: Unassigned
- PCI Address: 0xFD4FC000 mapped at 0x8807000, IRQ Channel: 9
- Controller Queue Depth: 128, Maximum Blocks per Command: 128
- Driver Queue Depth: 127, Maximum Scatter/Gather Segments: 33
- Stripe Size: 64KB, Segment Size: 8KB, BIOS Geometry: 255/63
- Physical Devices:
- 0:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:3 - Disk: Standby, 2201600 blocks
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Online, 4399104 blocks, Write Thru
- /dev/rd/c0d1: RAID-6, Online, 2754560 blocks, Write Thru
- No Rebuild or Consistency Check in Progress
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/status
-OK
-
-The above messages indicate that everything is healthy, and /proc/rd/status
-returns "OK" indicating that there are no problems with any DAC960 controller
-in the system. For demonstration purposes, while I/O is active Physical Drive
-1:2 is now disconnected, simulating a drive failure. The failure is noted by
-the driver within 10 seconds of the controller's having detected it, and the
-driver logs the following console status messages:
-
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:1 Error Log: Sense Key = 6, ASC = 29, ASCQ = 02
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:3 Error Log: Sense Key = 6, ASC = 29, ASCQ = 02
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:2 killed because of timeout on SCSI command
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:2 is now DEAD
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:2 killed because it was removed
-DAC960#0: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) is now CRITICAL
-DAC960#0: Logical Drive 1 (/dev/rd/c0d1) is now CRITICAL
-
-Since a standby drive is configured, the controller automatically begins
-rebuilding onto the standby drive:
-
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:3 is now WRITE-ONLY
-DAC960#0: Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 4% completed
-
-Concurrently with the above, the driver status available from /proc/rd also
-reflects the drive failure and automatic rebuild. The status message in
-/proc/rd/status has changed from "OK" to "ALERT":
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/status
-ALERT
-
-and /proc/rd/c0/current_status has been updated:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/current_status
- ...
- Physical Devices:
- 0:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:2 - Disk: Dead, 2201600 blocks
- 1:3 - Disk: Write-Only, 2201600 blocks
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Critical, 4399104 blocks, Write Thru
- /dev/rd/c0d1: RAID-6, Critical, 2754560 blocks, Write Thru
- Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 4% completed
-
-As the rebuild progresses, the current status in /proc/rd/c0/current_status is
-updated every 10 seconds:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/current_status
- ...
- Physical Devices:
- 0:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:2 - Disk: Dead, 2201600 blocks
- 1:3 - Disk: Write-Only, 2201600 blocks
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Critical, 4399104 blocks, Write Thru
- /dev/rd/c0d1: RAID-6, Critical, 2754560 blocks, Write Thru
- Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 40% completed
-
-and every minute a progress message is logged on the console by the driver:
-
-DAC960#0: Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 40% completed
-DAC960#0: Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) 76% completed
-DAC960#0: Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 1 (/dev/rd/c0d1) 66% completed
-DAC960#0: Rebuild in Progress: Logical Drive 1 (/dev/rd/c0d1) 84% completed
-
-Finally, the rebuild completes successfully. The driver logs the status of the
-logical and physical drives and the rebuild completion:
-
-DAC960#0: Rebuild Completed Successfully
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:3 is now ONLINE
-DAC960#0: Logical Drive 0 (/dev/rd/c0d0) is now ONLINE
-DAC960#0: Logical Drive 1 (/dev/rd/c0d1) is now ONLINE
-
-/proc/rd/c0/current_status is updated:
-
-***** DAC960 RAID Driver Version 2.0.0 of 23 March 1999 *****
-Copyright 1998-1999 by Leonard N. Zubkoff <lnz@dandelion.com>
-Configuring Mylex DAC960PJ PCI RAID Controller
- Firmware Version: 4.06-0-08, Channels: 3, Memory Size: 8MB
- PCI Bus: 0, Device: 19, Function: 1, I/O Address: Unassigned
- PCI Address: 0xFD4FC000 mapped at 0x8807000, IRQ Channel: 9
- Controller Queue Depth: 128, Maximum Blocks per Command: 128
- Driver Queue Depth: 127, Maximum Scatter/Gather Segments: 33
- Stripe Size: 64KB, Segment Size: 8KB, BIOS Geometry: 255/63
- Physical Devices:
- 0:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:2 - Disk: Dead, 2201600 blocks
- 1:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Online, 4399104 blocks, Write Thru
- /dev/rd/c0d1: RAID-6, Online, 2754560 blocks, Write Thru
- Rebuild Completed Successfully
-
-and /proc/rd/status indicates that everything is healthy once again:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/status
-OK
-
-Note that the absence of a viable standby drive does not create an "ALERT"
-status. Once dead Physical Drive 1:2 has been replaced, the controller must be
-told that this has occurred and that the newly replaced drive should become the
-new standby drive:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# echo "make-standby 1:2" > /proc/rd/c0/user_command
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/user_command
-Make Standby of Physical Drive 1:2 Succeeded
-
-The echo command instructs the controller to make Physical Drive 1:2 into a
-standby drive, and the status message that results from the operation is then
-available for reading from /proc/rd/c0/user_command, as well as being logged to
-the console by the driver. Within 60 seconds of this command the driver logs:
-
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:2 Error Log: Sense Key = 6, ASC = 29, ASCQ = 01
-DAC960#0: Physical Drive 1:2 is now STANDBY
-DAC960#0: Make Standby of Physical Drive 1:2 Succeeded
-
-and /proc/rd/c0/current_status is updated:
-
-gwynedd:/u/lnz# cat /proc/rd/c0/current_status
- ...
- Physical Devices:
- 0:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:2 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 0:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:1 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- 1:2 - Disk: Standby, 2201600 blocks
- 1:3 - Disk: Online, 2201600 blocks
- Logical Drives:
- /dev/rd/c0d0: RAID-5, Online, 4399104 blocks, Write Thru
- /dev/rd/c0d1: RAID-6, Online, 2754560 blocks, Write Thru
- Rebuild Completed Successfully
diff --git a/Documentation/README.cycladesZ b/Documentation/README.cycladesZ
deleted file mode 100644
index 024a69443cc2..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/README.cycladesZ
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-
-The Cyclades-Z must have firmware loaded onto the card before it will
-operate. This operation should be performed during system startup,
-
-The firmware, loader program and the latest device driver code are
-available from Cyclades at
- ftp://ftp.cyclades.com/pub/cyclades/cyclades-z/linux/
-
diff --git a/Documentation/SAK.txt b/Documentation/SAK.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b9019ca872ea..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/SAK.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-Linux 2.4.2 Secure Attention Key (SAK) handling
-18 March 2001, Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
-
-An operating system's Secure Attention Key is a security tool which is
-provided as protection against trojan password capturing programs. It
-is an undefeatable way of killing all programs which could be
-masquerading as login applications. Users need to be taught to enter
-this key sequence before they log in to the system.
-
-From the PC keyboard, Linux has two similar but different ways of
-providing SAK. One is the ALT-SYSRQ-K sequence. You shouldn't use
-this sequence. It is only available if the kernel was compiled with
-sysrq support.
-
-The proper way of generating a SAK is to define the key sequence using
-`loadkeys'. This will work whether or not sysrq support is compiled
-into the kernel.
-
-SAK works correctly when the keyboard is in raw mode. This means that
-once defined, SAK will kill a running X server. If the system is in
-run level 5, the X server will restart. This is what you want to
-happen.
-
-What key sequence should you use? Well, CTRL-ALT-DEL is used to reboot
-the machine. CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE is magical to the X server. We'll
-choose CTRL-ALT-PAUSE.
-
-In your rc.sysinit (or rc.local) file, add the command
-
- echo "control alt keycode 101 = SAK" | /bin/loadkeys
-
-And that's it! Only the superuser may reprogram the SAK key.
-
-
-NOTES
-=====
-
-1: Linux SAK is said to be not a "true SAK" as is required by
- systems which implement C2 level security. This author does not
- know why.
-
-
-2: On the PC keyboard, SAK kills all applications which have
- /dev/console opened.
-
- Unfortunately this includes a number of things which you don't
- actually want killed. This is because these applications are
- incorrectly holding /dev/console open. Be sure to complain to your
- Linux distributor about this!
-
- You can identify processes which will be killed by SAK with the
- command
-
- # ls -l /proc/[0-9]*/fd/* | grep console
- l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Mar 18 00:46 /proc/579/fd/0 -> /dev/console
-
- Then:
-
- # ps aux|grep 579
- root 579 0.0 0.1 1088 436 ? S 00:43 0:00 gpm -t ps/2
-
- So `gpm' will be killed by SAK. This is a bug in gpm. It should
- be closing standard input. You can work around this by finding the
- initscript which launches gpm and changing it thusly:
-
- Old:
-
- daemon gpm
-
- New:
-
- daemon gpm < /dev/null
-
- Vixie cron also seems to have this problem, and needs the same treatment.
-
- Also, one prominent Linux distribution has the following three
- lines in its rc.sysinit and rc scripts:
-
- exec 3<&0
- exec 4>&1
- exec 5>&2
-
- These commands cause *all* daemons which are launched by the
- initscripts to have file descriptors 3, 4 and 5 attached to
- /dev/console. So SAK kills them all. A workaround is to simply
- delete these lines, but this may cause system management
- applications to malfunction - test everything well.
-
diff --git a/Documentation/SM501.txt b/Documentation/SM501.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6fc656035925..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/SM501.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
- SM501 Driver
- ============
-
-Copyright 2006, 2007 Simtec Electronics
-
-The Silicon Motion SM501 multimedia companion chip is a multifunction device
-which may provide numerous interfaces including USB host controller USB gadget,
-Asyncronous Serial ports, Audio functions and a dual display video interface.
-The device may be connected by PCI or local bus with varying functions enabled.
-
-Core
-----
-
-The core driver in drivers/mfd provides common services for the
-drivers which manage the specific hardware blocks. These services
-include locking for common registers, clock control and resource
-management.
-
-The core registers drivers for both PCI and generic bus based
-chips via the platform device and driver system.
-
-On detection of a device, the core initialises the chip (which may
-be specified by the platform data) and then exports the selected
-peripheral set as platform devices for the specific drivers.
-
-The core re-uses the platform device system as the platform device
-system provides enough features to support the drivers without the
-need to create a new bus-type and the associated code to go with it.
-
-
-Resources
----------
-
-Each peripheral has a view of the device which is implicitly narrowed to
-the specific set of resources that peripheral requires in order to
-function correctly.
-
-The centralised memory allocation allows the driver to ensure that the
-maximum possible resource allocation can be made to the video subsystem
-as this is by-far the most resource-sensitive of the on-chip functions.
-
-The primary issue with memory allocation is that of moving the video
-buffers once a display mode is chosen. Indeed when a video mode change
-occurs the memory footprint of the video subsystem changes.
-
-Since video memory is difficult to move without changing the display
-(unless sufficient contiguous memory can be provided for the old and new
-modes simultaneously) the video driver fully utilises the memory area
-given to it by aligning fb0 to the start of the area and fb1 to the end
-of it. Any memory left over in the middle is used for the acceleration
-functions, which are transient and thus their location is less critical
-as it can be moved.
-
-
-Configuration
--------------
-
-The platform device driver uses a set of platform data to pass
-configurations through to the core and the subsidiary drivers
-so that there can be support for more than one system carrying
-an SM501 built into a single kernel image.
-
-The PCI driver assumes that the PCI card behaves as per the Silicon
-Motion reference design.
-
-There is an errata (AB-5) affecting the selection of the
-of the M1XCLK and M1CLK frequencies. These two clocks
-must be sourced from the same PLL, although they can then
-be divided down individually. If this is not set, then SM501 may
-lock and hang the whole system. The driver will refuse to
-attach if the PLL selection is different.
diff --git a/Documentation/SecurityBugs b/Documentation/SecurityBugs
deleted file mode 100644
index 26c3b3635d9f..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/SecurityBugs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-Linux kernel developers take security very seriously. As such, we'd
-like to know when a security bug is found so that it can be fixed and
-disclosed as quickly as possible. Please report security bugs to the
-Linux kernel security team.
-
-1) Contact
-
-The Linux kernel security team can be contacted by email at
-<security@kernel.org>. This is a private list of security officers
-who will help verify the bug report and develop and release a fix.
-It is possible that the security team will bring in extra help from
-area maintainers to understand and fix the security vulnerability.
-
-As it is with any bug, the more information provided the easier it
-will be to diagnose and fix. Please review the procedure outlined in
-REPORTING-BUGS if you are unclear about what information is helpful.
-Any exploit code is very helpful and will not be released without
-consent from the reporter unless it has already been made public.
-
-2) Disclosure
-
-The goal of the Linux kernel security team is to work with the
-bug submitter to bug resolution as well as disclosure. We prefer
-to fully disclose the bug as soon as possible. It is reasonable to
-delay disclosure when the bug or the fix is not yet fully understood,
-the solution is not well-tested or for vendor coordination. However, we
-expect these delays to be short, measurable in days, not weeks or months.
-A disclosure date is negotiated by the security team working with the
-bug submitter as well as vendors. However, the kernel security team
-holds the final say when setting a disclosure date. The timeframe for
-disclosure is from immediate (esp. if it's already publically known)
-to a few weeks. As a basic default policy, we expect report date to
-disclosure date to be on the order of 7 days.
-
-3) Non-disclosure agreements
-
-The Linux kernel security team is not a formal body and therefore unable
-to enter any non-disclosure agreements.
diff --git a/Documentation/Smack.txt b/Documentation/Smack.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 989c2fcd8111..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/Smack.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,493 +0,0 @@
-
-
- "Good for you, you've decided to clean the elevator!"
- - The Elevator, from Dark Star
-
-Smack is the the Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel.
-Smack is a kernel based implementation of mandatory access
-control that includes simplicity in its primary design goals.
-
-Smack is not the only Mandatory Access Control scheme
-available for Linux. Those new to Mandatory Access Control
-are encouraged to compare Smack with the other mechanisms
-available to determine which is best suited to the problem
-at hand.
-
-Smack consists of three major components:
- - The kernel
- - A start-up script and a few modified applications
- - Configuration data
-
-The kernel component of Smack is implemented as a Linux
-Security Modules (LSM) module. It requires netlabel and
-works best with file systems that support extended attributes,
-although xattr support is not strictly required.
-It is safe to run a Smack kernel under a "vanilla" distribution.
-Smack kernels use the CIPSO IP option. Some network
-configurations are intolerant of IP options and can impede
-access to systems that use them as Smack does.
-
-The startup script etc-init.d-smack should be installed
-in /etc/init.d/smack and should be invoked early in the
-start-up process. On Fedora rc5.d/S02smack is recommended.
-This script ensures that certain devices have the correct
-Smack attributes and loads the Smack configuration if
-any is defined. This script invokes two programs that
-ensure configuration data is properly formatted. These
-programs are /usr/sbin/smackload and /usr/sin/smackcipso.
-The system will run just fine without these programs,
-but it will be difficult to set access rules properly.
-
-A version of "ls" that provides a "-M" option to display
-Smack labels on long listing is available.
-
-A hacked version of sshd that allows network logins by users
-with specific Smack labels is available. This version does
-not work for scp. You must set the /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-line:
- UsePrivilegeSeparation no
-
-The format of /etc/smack/usr is:
-
- username smack
-
-In keeping with the intent of Smack, configuration data is
-minimal and not strictly required. The most important
-configuration step is mounting the smackfs pseudo filesystem.
-
-Add this line to /etc/fstab:
-
- smackfs /smack smackfs smackfsdef=* 0 0
-
-and create the /smack directory for mounting.
-
-Smack uses extended attributes (xattrs) to store file labels.
-The command to set a Smack label on a file is:
-
- # attr -S -s SMACK64 -V "value" path
-
-NOTE: Smack labels are limited to 23 characters. The attr command
- does not enforce this restriction and can be used to set
- invalid Smack labels on files.
-
-If you don't do anything special all users will get the floor ("_")
-label when they log in. If you do want to log in via the hacked ssh
-at other labels use the attr command to set the smack value on the
-home directory and it's contents.
-
-You can add access rules in /etc/smack/accesses. They take the form:
-
- subjectlabel objectlabel access
-
-access is a combination of the letters rwxa which specify the
-kind of access permitted a subject with subjectlabel on an
-object with objectlabel. If there is no rule no access is allowed.
-
-A process can see the smack label it is running with by
-reading /proc/self/attr/current. A privileged process can
-set the process smack by writing there.
-
-Look for additional programs on http://schaufler-ca.com
-
-From the Smack Whitepaper:
-
-The Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel
-
-Casey Schaufler
-casey@schaufler-ca.com
-
-Mandatory Access Control
-
-Computer systems employ a variety of schemes to constrain how information is
-shared among the people and services using the machine. Some of these schemes
-allow the program or user to decide what other programs or users are allowed
-access to pieces of data. These schemes are called discretionary access
-control mechanisms because the access control is specified at the discretion
-of the user. Other schemes do not leave the decision regarding what a user or
-program can access up to users or programs. These schemes are called mandatory
-access control mechanisms because you don't have a choice regarding the users
-or programs that have access to pieces of data.
-
-Bell & LaPadula
-
-From the middle of the 1980's until the turn of the century Mandatory Access
-Control (MAC) was very closely associated with the Bell & LaPadula security
-model, a mathematical description of the United States Department of Defense
-policy for marking paper documents. MAC in this form enjoyed a following
-within the Capital Beltway and Scandinavian supercomputer centers but was
-often sited as failing to address general needs.
-
-Domain Type Enforcement
-
-Around the turn of the century Domain Type Enforcement (DTE) became popular.
-This scheme organizes users, programs, and data into domains that are
-protected from each other. This scheme has been widely deployed as a component
-of popular Linux distributions. The administrative overhead required to
-maintain this scheme and the detailed understanding of the whole system
-necessary to provide a secure domain mapping leads to the scheme being
-disabled or used in limited ways in the majority of cases.
-
-Smack
-
-Smack is a Mandatory Access Control mechanism designed to provide useful MAC
-while avoiding the pitfalls of its predecessors. The limitations of Bell &
-LaPadula are addressed by providing a scheme whereby access can be controlled
-according to the requirements of the system and its purpose rather than those
-imposed by an arcane government policy. The complexity of Domain Type
-Enforcement and avoided by defining access controls in terms of the access
-modes already in use.
-
-Smack Terminology
-
-The jargon used to talk about Smack will be familiar to those who have dealt
-with other MAC systems and shouldn't be too difficult for the uninitiated to
-pick up. There are four terms that are used in a specific way and that are
-especially important:
-
- Subject: A subject is an active entity on the computer system.
- On Smack a subject is a task, which is in turn the basic unit
- of execution.
-
- Object: An object is a passive entity on the computer system.
- On Smack files of all types, IPC, and tasks can be objects.
-
- Access: Any attempt by a subject to put information into or get
- information from an object is an access.
-
- Label: Data that identifies the Mandatory Access Control
- characteristics of a subject or an object.
-
-These definitions are consistent with the traditional use in the security
-community. There are also some terms from Linux that are likely to crop up:
-
- Capability: A task that possesses a capability has permission to
- violate an aspect of the system security policy, as identified by
- the specific capability. A task that possesses one or more
- capabilities is a privileged task, whereas a task with no
- capabilities is an unprivileged task.
-
- Privilege: A task that is allowed to violate the system security
- policy is said to have privilege. As of this writing a task can
- have privilege either by possessing capabilities or by having an
- effective user of root.
-
-Smack Basics
-
-Smack is an extension to a Linux system. It enforces additional restrictions
-on what subjects can access which objects, based on the labels attached to
-each of the subject and the object.
-
-Labels
-
-Smack labels are ASCII character strings, one to twenty-three characters in
-length. Single character labels using special characters, that being anything
-other than a letter or digit, are reserved for use by the Smack development
-team. Smack labels are unstructured, case sensitive, and the only operation
-ever performed on them is comparison for equality. Smack labels cannot
-contain unprintable characters or the "/" (slash) character.
-
-There are some predefined labels:
-
- _ Pronounced "floor", a single underscore character.
- ^ Pronounced "hat", a single circumflex character.
- * Pronounced "star", a single asterisk character.
- ? Pronounced "huh", a single question mark character.
-
-Every task on a Smack system is assigned a label. System tasks, such as
-init(8) and systems daemons, are run with the floor ("_") label. User tasks
-are assigned labels according to the specification found in the
-/etc/smack/user configuration file.
-
-Access Rules
-
-Smack uses the traditional access modes of Linux. These modes are read,
-execute, write, and occasionally append. There are a few cases where the
-access mode may not be obvious. These include:
-
- Signals: A signal is a write operation from the subject task to
- the object task.
- Internet Domain IPC: Transmission of a packet is considered a
- write operation from the source task to the destination task.
-
-Smack restricts access based on the label attached to a subject and the label
-attached to the object it is trying to access. The rules enforced are, in
-order:
-
- 1. Any access requested by a task labeled "*" is denied.
- 2. A read or execute access requested by a task labeled "^"
- is permitted.
- 3. A read or execute access requested on an object labeled "_"
- is permitted.
- 4. Any access requested on an object labeled "*" is permitted.
- 5. Any access requested by a task on an object with the same
- label is permitted.
- 6. Any access requested that is explicitly defined in the loaded
- rule set is permitted.
- 7. Any other access is denied.
-
-Smack Access Rules
-
-With the isolation provided by Smack access separation is simple. There are
-many interesting cases where limited access by subjects to objects with
-different labels is desired. One example is the familiar spy model of
-sensitivity, where a scientist working on a highly classified project would be
-able to read documents of lower classifications and anything she writes will
-be "born" highly classified. To accommodate such schemes Smack includes a
-mechanism for specifying rules allowing access between labels.
-
-Access Rule Format
-
-The format of an access rule is:
-
- subject-label object-label access
-
-Where subject-label is the Smack label of the task, object-label is the Smack
-label of the thing being accessed, and access is a string specifying the sort
-of access allowed. The Smack labels are limited to 23 characters. The access
-specification is searched for letters that describe access modes:
-
- a: indicates that append access should be granted.
- r: indicates that read access should be granted.
- w: indicates that write access should be granted.
- x: indicates that execute access should be granted.
-
-Uppercase values for the specification letters are allowed as well.
-Access mode specifications can be in any order. Examples of acceptable rules
-are:
-
- TopSecret Secret rx
- Secret Unclass R
- Manager Game x
- User HR w
- New Old rRrRr
- Closed Off -
-
-Examples of unacceptable rules are:
-
- Top Secret Secret rx
- Ace Ace r
- Odd spells waxbeans
-
-Spaces are not allowed in labels. Since a subject always has access to files
-with the same label specifying a rule for that case is pointless. Only
-valid letters (rwxaRWXA) and the dash ('-') character are allowed in
-access specifications. The dash is a placeholder, so "a-r" is the same
-as "ar". A lone dash is used to specify that no access should be allowed.
-
-Applying Access Rules
-
-The developers of Linux rarely define new sorts of things, usually importing
-schemes and concepts from other systems. Most often, the other systems are
-variants of Unix. Unix has many endearing properties, but consistency of
-access control models is not one of them. Smack strives to treat accesses as
-uniformly as is sensible while keeping with the spirit of the underlying
-mechanism.
-
-File system objects including files, directories, named pipes, symbolic links,
-and devices require access permissions that closely match those used by mode
-bit access. To open a file for reading read access is required on the file. To
-search a directory requires execute access. Creating a file with write access
-requires both read and write access on the containing directory. Deleting a
-file requires read and write access to the file and to the containing
-directory. It is possible that a user may be able to see that a file exists
-but not any of its attributes by the circumstance of having read access to the
-containing directory but not to the differently labeled file. This is an
-artifact of the file name being data in the directory, not a part of the file.
-
-IPC objects, message queues, semaphore sets, and memory segments exist in flat
-namespaces and access requests are only required to match the object in
-question.
-
-Process objects reflect tasks on the system and the Smack label used to access
-them is the same Smack label that the task would use for its own access
-attempts. Sending a signal via the kill() system call is a write operation
-from the signaler to the recipient. Debugging a process requires both reading
-and writing. Creating a new task is an internal operation that results in two
-tasks with identical Smack labels and requires no access checks.
-
-Sockets are data structures attached to processes and sending a packet from
-one process to another requires that the sender have write access to the
-receiver. The receiver is not required to have read access to the sender.
-
-Setting Access Rules
-
-The configuration file /etc/smack/accesses contains the rules to be set at
-system startup. The contents are written to the special file /smack/load.
-Rules can be written to /smack/load at any time and take effect immediately.
-For any pair of subject and object labels there can be only one rule, with the
-most recently specified overriding any earlier specification.
-
-The program smackload is provided to ensure data is formatted
-properly when written to /smack/load. This program reads lines
-of the form
-
- subjectlabel objectlabel mode.
-
-Task Attribute
-
-The Smack label of a process can be read from /proc/<pid>/attr/current. A
-process can read its own Smack label from /proc/self/attr/current. A
-privileged process can change its own Smack label by writing to
-/proc/self/attr/current but not the label of another process.
-
-File Attribute
-
-The Smack label of a filesystem object is stored as an extended attribute
-named SMACK64 on the file. This attribute is in the security namespace. It can
-only be changed by a process with privilege.
-
-Privilege
-
-A process with CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE is privileged.
-
-Smack Networking
-
-As mentioned before, Smack enforces access control on network protocol
-transmissions. Every packet sent by a Smack process is tagged with its Smack
-label. This is done by adding a CIPSO tag to the header of the IP packet. Each
-packet received is expected to have a CIPSO tag that identifies the label and
-if it lacks such a tag the network ambient label is assumed. Before the packet
-is delivered a check is made to determine that a subject with the label on the
-packet has write access to the receiving process and if that is not the case
-the packet is dropped.
-
-CIPSO Configuration
-
-It is normally unnecessary to specify the CIPSO configuration. The default
-values used by the system handle all internal cases. Smack will compose CIPSO
-label values to match the Smack labels being used without administrative
-intervention. Unlabeled packets that come into the system will be given the
-ambient label.
-
-Smack requires configuration in the case where packets from a system that is
-not smack that speaks CIPSO may be encountered. Usually this will be a Trusted
-Solaris system, but there are other, less widely deployed systems out there.
-CIPSO provides 3 important values, a Domain Of Interpretation (DOI), a level,
-and a category set with each packet. The DOI is intended to identify a group
-of systems that use compatible labeling schemes, and the DOI specified on the
-smack system must match that of the remote system or packets will be
-discarded. The DOI is 3 by default. The value can be read from /smack/doi and
-can be changed by writing to /smack/doi.
-
-The label and category set are mapped to a Smack label as defined in
-/etc/smack/cipso.
-
-A Smack/CIPSO mapping has the form:
-
- smack level [category [category]*]
-
-Smack does not expect the level or category sets to be related in any
-particular way and does not assume or assign accesses based on them. Some
-examples of mappings:
-
- TopSecret 7
- TS:A,B 7 1 2
- SecBDE 5 2 4 6
- RAFTERS 7 12 26
-
-The ":" and "," characters are permitted in a Smack label but have no special
-meaning.
-
-The mapping of Smack labels to CIPSO values is defined by writing to
-/smack/cipso. Again, the format of data written to this special file
-is highly restrictive, so the program smackcipso is provided to
-ensure the writes are done properly. This program takes mappings
-on the standard input and sends them to /smack/cipso properly.
-
-In addition to explicit mappings Smack supports direct CIPSO mappings. One
-CIPSO level is used to indicate that the category set passed in the packet is
-in fact an encoding of the Smack label. The level used is 250 by default. The
-value can be read from /smack/direct and changed by writing to /smack/direct.
-
-Socket Attributes
-
-There are two attributes that are associated with sockets. These attributes
-can only be set by privileged tasks, but any task can read them for their own
-sockets.
-
- SMACK64IPIN: The Smack label of the task object. A privileged
- program that will enforce policy may set this to the star label.
-
- SMACK64IPOUT: The Smack label transmitted with outgoing packets.
- A privileged program may set this to match the label of another
- task with which it hopes to communicate.
-
-Writing Applications for Smack
-
-There are three sorts of applications that will run on a Smack system. How an
-application interacts with Smack will determine what it will have to do to
-work properly under Smack.
-
-Smack Ignorant Applications
-
-By far the majority of applications have no reason whatever to care about the
-unique properties of Smack. Since invoking a program has no impact on the
-Smack label associated with the process the only concern likely to arise is
-whether the process has execute access to the program.
-
-Smack Relevant Applications
-
-Some programs can be improved by teaching them about Smack, but do not make
-any security decisions themselves. The utility ls(1) is one example of such a
-program.
-
-Smack Enforcing Applications
-
-These are special programs that not only know about Smack, but participate in
-the enforcement of system policy. In most cases these are the programs that
-set up user sessions. There are also network services that provide information
-to processes running with various labels.
-
-File System Interfaces
-
-Smack maintains labels on file system objects using extended attributes. The
-Smack label of a file, directory, or other file system object can be obtained
-using getxattr(2).
-
- len = getxattr("/", "security.SMACK64", value, sizeof (value));
-
-will put the Smack label of the root directory into value. A privileged
-process can set the Smack label of a file system object with setxattr(2).
-
- len = strlen("Rubble");
- rc = setxattr("/foo", "security.SMACK64", "Rubble", len, 0);
-
-will set the Smack label of /foo to "Rubble" if the program has appropriate
-privilege.
-
-Socket Interfaces
-
-The socket attributes can be read using fgetxattr(2).
-
-A privileged process can set the Smack label of outgoing packets with
-fsetxattr(2).
-
- len = strlen("Rubble");
- rc = fsetxattr(fd, "security.SMACK64IPOUT", "Rubble", len, 0);
-
-will set the Smack label "Rubble" on packets going out from the socket if the
-program has appropriate privilege.
-
- rc = fsetxattr(fd, "security.SMACK64IPIN, "*", strlen("*"), 0);
-
-will set the Smack label "*" as the object label against which incoming
-packets will be checked if the program has appropriate privilege.
-
-Administration
-
-Smack supports some mount options:
-
- smackfsdef=label: specifies the label to give files that lack
- the Smack label extended attribute.
-
- smackfsroot=label: specifies the label to assign the root of the
- file system if it lacks the Smack extended attribute.
-
- smackfshat=label: specifies a label that must have read access to
- all labels set on the filesystem. Not yet enforced.
-
- smackfsfloor=label: specifies a label to which all labels set on the
- filesystem must have read access. Not yet enforced.
-
-These mount options apply to all file system types.
-
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmitChecklist b/Documentation/SubmitChecklist
deleted file mode 100644
index da10e0714241..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/SubmitChecklist
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-Linux Kernel patch submission checklist
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Here are some basic things that developers should do if they want to see their
-kernel patch submissions accepted more quickly.
-
-These are all above and beyond the documentation that is provided in
-Documentation/SubmittingPatches and elsewhere regarding submitting Linux
-kernel patches.
-
-
-1: Builds cleanly with applicable or modified CONFIG options =y, =m, and
- =n. No gcc warnings/errors, no linker warnings/errors.
-
-2: Passes allnoconfig, allmodconfig
-
-3: Builds on multiple CPU architectures by using local cross-compile tools
- or something like PLM at OSDL.
-
-4: ppc64 is a good architecture for cross-compilation checking because it
- tends to use `unsigned long' for 64-bit quantities.
-
-5: Check your patch for general style as detailed in
- Documentation/CodingStyle. Check for trivial violations with the
- patch style checker prior to submission (scripts/checkpatch.pl).
- You should be able to justify all violations that remain in
- your patch.
-
-6: Any new or modified CONFIG options don't muck up the config menu.
-
-7: All new Kconfig options have help text.
-
-8: Has been carefully reviewed with respect to relevant Kconfig
- combinations. This is very hard to get right with testing -- brainpower
- pays off here.
-
-9: Check cleanly with sparse.
-
-10: Use 'make checkstack' and 'make namespacecheck' and fix any problems
- that they find. Note: checkstack does not point out problems explicitly,
- but any one function that uses more than 512 bytes on the stack is a
- candidate for change.
-
-11: Include kernel-doc to document global kernel APIs. (Not required for
- static functions, but OK there also.) Use 'make htmldocs' or 'make
- mandocs' to check the kernel-doc and fix any issues.
-
-12: Has been tested with CONFIG_PREEMPT, CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT,
- CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB, CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES,
- CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK, CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK_SLEEP all simultaneously
- enabled.
-
-13: Has been build- and runtime tested with and without CONFIG_SMP and
- CONFIG_PREEMPT.
-
-14: If the patch affects IO/Disk, etc: has been tested with and without
- CONFIG_LBD.
-
-15: All codepaths have been exercised with all lockdep features enabled.
-
-16: All new /proc entries are documented under Documentation/
-
-17: All new kernel boot parameters are documented in
- Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt.
-
-18: All new module parameters are documented with MODULE_PARM_DESC()
-
-19: All new userspace interfaces are documented in Documentation/ABI/.
- See Documentation/ABI/README for more information.
-
-20: Check that it all passes `make headers_check'.
-
-21: Has been checked with injection of at least slab and page-allocation
- failures. See Documentation/fault-injection/.
-
- If the new code is substantial, addition of subsystem-specific fault
- injection might be appropriate.
-
-22: Newly-added code has been compiled with `gcc -W' (use "make
- EXTRA_CFLAGS=-W"). This will generate lots of noise, but is good for
- finding bugs like "warning: comparison between signed and unsigned".
-
-23: Tested after it has been merged into the -mm patchset to make sure
- that it still works with all of the other queued patches and various
- changes in the VM, VFS, and other subsystems.
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingDrivers b/Documentation/SubmittingDrivers
deleted file mode 100644
index 24f2eb40cae5..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingDrivers
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-Submitting Drivers For The Linux Kernel
----------------------------------------
-
-This document is intended to explain how to submit device drivers to the
-various kernel trees. Note that if you are interested in video card drivers
-you should probably talk to XFree86 (http://www.xfree86.org/) and/or X.Org
-(http://x.org/) instead.
-
-Also read the Documentation/SubmittingPatches document.
-
-
-Allocating Device Numbers
--------------------------
-
-Major and minor numbers for block and character devices are allocated
-by the Linux assigned name and number authority (currently this is
-Torben Mathiasen). The site is http://www.lanana.org/. This
-also deals with allocating numbers for devices that are not going to
-be submitted to the mainstream kernel.
-See Documentation/devices.txt for more information on this.
-
-If you don't use assigned numbers then when your device is submitted it will
-be given an assigned number even if that is different from values you may
-have shipped to customers before.
-
-Who To Submit Drivers To
-------------------------
-
-Linux 2.0:
- No new drivers are accepted for this kernel tree.
-
-Linux 2.2:
- No new drivers are accepted for this kernel tree.
-
-Linux 2.4:
- If the code area has a general maintainer then please submit it to
- the maintainer listed in MAINTAINERS in the kernel file. If the
- maintainer does not respond or you cannot find the appropriate
- maintainer then please contact Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>.
-
-Linux 2.6:
- The same rules apply as 2.4 except that you should follow linux-kernel
- to track changes in API's. The final contact point for Linux 2.6
- submissions is Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>.
-
-What Criteria Determine Acceptance
-----------------------------------
-
-Licensing: The code must be released to us under the
- GNU General Public License. We don't insist on any kind
- of exclusive GPL licensing, and if you wish the driver
- to be useful to other communities such as BSD you may well
- wish to release under multiple licenses.
- See accepted licenses at include/linux/module.h
-
-Copyright: The copyright owner must agree to use of GPL.
- It's best if the submitter and copyright owner
- are the same person/entity. If not, the name of
- the person/entity authorizing use of GPL should be
- listed in case it's necessary to verify the will of
- the copyright owner.
-
-Interfaces: If your driver uses existing interfaces and behaves like
- other drivers in the same class it will be much more likely
- to be accepted than if it invents gratuitous new ones.
- If you need to implement a common API over Linux and NT
- drivers do it in userspace.
-
-Code: Please use the Linux style of code formatting as documented
- in Documentation/CodingStyle. If you have sections of code
- that need to be in other formats, for example because they
- are shared with a windows driver kit and you want to
- maintain them just once separate them out nicely and note
- this fact.
-
-Portability: Pointers are not always 32bits, not all computers are little
- endian, people do not all have floating point and you
- shouldn't use inline x86 assembler in your driver without
- careful thought. Pure x86 drivers generally are not popular.
- If you only have x86 hardware it is hard to test portability
- but it is easy to make sure the code can easily be made
- portable.
-
-Clarity: It helps if anyone can see how to fix the driver. It helps
- you because you get patches not bug reports. If you submit a
- driver that intentionally obfuscates how the hardware works
- it will go in the bitbucket.
-
-PM support: Since Linux is used on many portable and desktop systems, your
- driver is likely to be used on such a system and therefore it
- should support basic power management by implementing, if
- necessary, the .suspend and .resume methods used during the
- system-wide suspend and resume transitions. You should verify
- that your driver correctly handles the suspend and resume, but
- if you are unable to ensure that, please at least define the
- .suspend method returning the -ENOSYS ("Function not
- implemented") error. You should also try to make sure that your
- driver uses as little power as possible when it's not doing
- anything. For the driver testing instructions see
- Documentation/power/drivers-testing.txt and for a relatively
- complete overview of the power management issues related to
- drivers see Documentation/power/devices.txt .
-
-Control: In general if there is active maintainance of a driver by
- the author then patches will be redirected to them unless
- they are totally obvious and without need of checking.
- If you want to be the contact and update point for the
- driver it is a good idea to state this in the comments,
- and include an entry in MAINTAINERS for your driver.
-
-What Criteria Do Not Determine Acceptance
------------------------------------------
-
-Vendor: Being the hardware vendor and maintaining the driver is
- often a good thing. If there is a stable working driver from
- other people already in the tree don't expect 'we are the
- vendor' to get your driver chosen. Ideally work with the
- existing driver author to build a single perfect driver.
-
-Author: It doesn't matter if a large Linux company wrote the driver,
- or you did. Nobody has any special access to the kernel
- tree. Anyone who tells you otherwise isn't telling the
- whole story.
-
-
-Resources
----------
-
-Linux kernel master tree:
- ftp.??.kernel.org:/pub/linux/kernel/...
- ?? == your country code, such as "us", "uk", "fr", etc.
-
-Linux kernel mailing list:
- linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
- [mail majordomo@vger.kernel.org to subscribe]
-
-Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition (covers 2.6.10):
- http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/ (free version)
-
-LWN.net:
- Weekly summary of kernel development activity - http://lwn.net/
- 2.6 API changes:
- http://lwn.net/Articles/2.6-kernel-api/
- Porting drivers from prior kernels to 2.6:
- http://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/
-
-KernelTrap:
- Occasional Linux kernel articles and developer interviews
- http://kerneltrap.org/
-
-KernelNewbies:
- Documentation and assistance for new kernel programmers
- http://kernelnewbies.org/
-
-Linux USB project:
- http://www.linux-usb.org/
-
-How to NOT write kernel driver by Arjan van de Ven:
- http://www.fenrus.org/how-to-not-write-a-device-driver-paper.pdf
-
-Kernel Janitor:
- http://janitor.kernelnewbies.org/
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index f79ad9ff6031..81455705e4a6 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -1,675 +1 @@
-
- How to Get Your Change Into the Linux Kernel
- or
- Care And Operation Of Your Linus Torvalds
-
-
-
-For a person or company who wishes to submit a change to the Linux
-kernel, the process can sometimes be daunting if you're not familiar
-with "the system." This text is a collection of suggestions which
-can greatly increase the chances of your change being accepted.
-
-Read Documentation/SubmitChecklist for a list of items to check
-before submitting code. If you are submitting a driver, also read
-Documentation/SubmittingDrivers.
-
-
-
---------------------------------------------
-SECTION 1 - CREATING AND SENDING YOUR CHANGE
---------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-1) "diff -up"
-------------
-
-Use "diff -up" or "diff -uprN" to create patches.
-
-All changes to the Linux kernel occur in the form of patches, as
-generated by diff(1). When creating your patch, make sure to create it
-in "unified diff" format, as supplied by the '-u' argument to diff(1).
-Also, please use the '-p' argument which shows which C function each
-change is in - that makes the resultant diff a lot easier to read.
-Patches should be based in the root kernel source directory,
-not in any lower subdirectory.
-
-To create a patch for a single file, it is often sufficient to do:
-
- SRCTREE= linux-2.6
- MYFILE= drivers/net/mydriver.c
-
- cd $SRCTREE
- cp $MYFILE $MYFILE.orig
- vi $MYFILE # make your change
- cd ..
- diff -up $SRCTREE/$MYFILE{.orig,} > /tmp/patch
-
-To create a patch for multiple files, you should unpack a "vanilla",
-or unmodified kernel source tree, and generate a diff against your
-own source tree. For example:
-
- MYSRC= /devel/linux-2.6
-
- tar xvfz linux-2.6.12.tar.gz
- mv linux-2.6.12 linux-2.6.12-vanilla
- diff -uprN -X linux-2.6.12-vanilla/Documentation/dontdiff \
- linux-2.6.12-vanilla $MYSRC > /tmp/patch
-
-"dontdiff" is a list of files which are generated by the kernel during
-the build process, and should be ignored in any diff(1)-generated
-patch. The "dontdiff" file is included in the kernel tree in
-2.6.12 and later. For earlier kernel versions, you can get it
-from <http://www.xenotime.net/linux/doc/dontdiff>.
-
-Make sure your patch does not include any extra files which do not
-belong in a patch submission. Make sure to review your patch -after-
-generated it with diff(1), to ensure accuracy.
-
-If your changes produce a lot of deltas, you may want to look into
-splitting them into individual patches which modify things in
-logical stages. This will facilitate easier reviewing by other
-kernel developers, very important if you want your patch accepted.
-There are a number of scripts which can aid in this:
-
-Quilt:
-http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/quilt
-
-Andrew Morton's patch scripts:
-http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/
-Instead of these scripts, quilt is the recommended patch management
-tool (see above).
-
-
-
-2) Describe your changes.
-
-Describe the technical detail of the change(s) your patch includes.
-
-Be as specific as possible. The WORST descriptions possible include
-things like "update driver X", "bug fix for driver X", or "this patch
-includes updates for subsystem X. Please apply."
-
-If your description starts to get long, that's a sign that you probably
-need to split up your patch. See #3, next.
-
-
-
-3) Separate your changes.
-
-Separate _logical changes_ into a single patch file.
-
-For example, if your changes include both bug fixes and performance
-enhancements for a single driver, separate those changes into two
-or more patches. If your changes include an API update, and a new
-driver which uses that new API, separate those into two patches.
-
-On the other hand, if you make a single change to numerous files,
-group those changes into a single patch. Thus a single logical change
-is contained within a single patch.
-
-If one patch depends on another patch in order for a change to be
-complete, that is OK. Simply note "this patch depends on patch X"
-in your patch description.
-
-If you cannot condense your patch set into a smaller set of patches,
-then only post say 15 or so at a time and wait for review and integration.
-
-
-
-4) Style check your changes.
-
-Check your patch for basic style violations, details of which can be
-found in Documentation/CodingStyle. Failure to do so simply wastes
-the reviewers time and will get your patch rejected, probably
-without even being read.
-
-At a minimum you should check your patches with the patch style
-checker prior to submission (scripts/checkpatch.pl). You should
-be able to justify all violations that remain in your patch.
-
-
-
-5) Select e-mail destination.
-
-Look through the MAINTAINERS file and the source code, and determine
-if your change applies to a specific subsystem of the kernel, with
-an assigned maintainer. If so, e-mail that person.
-
-If no maintainer is listed, or the maintainer does not respond, send
-your patch to the primary Linux kernel developer's mailing list,
-linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org. Most kernel developers monitor this
-e-mail list, and can comment on your changes.
-
-
-Do not send more than 15 patches at once to the vger mailing lists!!!
-
-
-Linus Torvalds is the final arbiter of all changes accepted into the
-Linux kernel. His e-mail address is <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>.
-He gets a lot of e-mail, so typically you should do your best to -avoid-
-sending him e-mail.
-
-Patches which are bug fixes, are "obvious" changes, or similarly
-require little discussion should be sent or CC'd to Linus. Patches
-which require discussion or do not have a clear advantage should
-usually be sent first to linux-kernel. Only after the patch is
-discussed should the patch then be submitted to Linus.
-
-
-
-6) Select your CC (e-mail carbon copy) list.
-
-Unless you have a reason NOT to do so, CC linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org.
-
-Other kernel developers besides Linus need to be aware of your change,
-so that they may comment on it and offer code review and suggestions.
-linux-kernel is the primary Linux kernel developer mailing list.
-Other mailing lists are available for specific subsystems, such as
-USB, framebuffer devices, the VFS, the SCSI subsystem, etc. See the
-MAINTAINERS file for a mailing list that relates specifically to
-your change.
-
-Majordomo lists of VGER.KERNEL.ORG at:
- <http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html>
-
-If changes affect userland-kernel interfaces, please send
-the MAN-PAGES maintainer (as listed in the MAINTAINERS file)
-a man-pages patch, or at least a notification of the change,
-so that some information makes its way into the manual pages.
-
-Even if the maintainer did not respond in step #4, make sure to ALWAYS
-copy the maintainer when you change their code.
-
-For small patches you may want to CC the Trivial Patch Monkey
-trivial@kernel.org managed by Jesper Juhl; which collects "trivial"
-patches. Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
- Spelling fixes in documentation
- Spelling fixes which could break grep(1)
- Warning fixes (cluttering with useless warnings is bad)
- Compilation fixes (only if they are actually correct)
- Runtime fixes (only if they actually fix things)
- Removing use of deprecated functions/macros (eg. check_region)
- Contact detail and documentation fixes
- Non-portable code replaced by portable code (even in arch-specific,
- since people copy, as long as it's trivial)
- Any fix by the author/maintainer of the file (ie. patch monkey
- in re-transmission mode)
-URL: <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/juhl/trivial/>
-
-
-
-7) No MIME, no links, no compression, no attachments. Just plain text.
-
-Linus and other kernel developers need to be able to read and comment
-on the changes you are submitting. It is important for a kernel
-developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard e-mail
-tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of your code.
-
-For this reason, all patches should be submitting e-mail "inline".
-WARNING: Be wary of your editor's word-wrap corrupting your patch,
-if you choose to cut-n-paste your patch.
-
-Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not.
-Many popular e-mail applications will not always transmit a MIME
-attachment as plain text, making it impossible to comment on your
-code. A MIME attachment also takes Linus a bit more time to process,
-decreasing the likelihood of your MIME-attached change being accepted.
-
-Exception: If your mailer is mangling patches then someone may ask
-you to re-send them using MIME.
-
-See Documentation/email-clients.txt for hints about configuring
-your e-mail client so that it sends your patches untouched.
-
-8) E-mail size.
-
-When sending patches to Linus, always follow step #7.
-
-Large changes are not appropriate for mailing lists, and some
-maintainers. If your patch, uncompressed, exceeds 40 kB in size,
-it is preferred that you store your patch on an Internet-accessible
-server, and provide instead a URL (link) pointing to your patch.
-
-
-
-9) Name your kernel version.
-
-It is important to note, either in the subject line or in the patch
-description, the kernel version to which this patch applies.
-
-If the patch does not apply cleanly to the latest kernel version,
-Linus will not apply it.
-
-
-
-10) Don't get discouraged. Re-submit.
-
-After you have submitted your change, be patient and wait. If Linus
-likes your change and applies it, it will appear in the next version
-of the kernel that he releases.
-
-However, if your change doesn't appear in the next version of the
-kernel, there could be any number of reasons. It's YOUR job to
-narrow down those reasons, correct what was wrong, and submit your
-updated change.
-
-It is quite common for Linus to "drop" your patch without comment.
-That's the nature of the system. If he drops your patch, it could be
-due to
-* Your patch did not apply cleanly to the latest kernel version.
-* Your patch was not sufficiently discussed on linux-kernel.
-* A style issue (see section 2).
-* An e-mail formatting issue (re-read this section).
-* A technical problem with your change.
-* He gets tons of e-mail, and yours got lost in the shuffle.
-* You are being annoying.
-
-When in doubt, solicit comments on linux-kernel mailing list.
-
-
-
-11) Include PATCH in the subject
-
-Due to high e-mail traffic to Linus, and to linux-kernel, it is common
-convention to prefix your subject line with [PATCH]. This lets Linus
-and other kernel developers more easily distinguish patches from other
-e-mail discussions.
-
-
-
-12) Sign your work
-
-To improve tracking of who did what, especially with patches that can
-percolate to their final resting place in the kernel through several
-layers of maintainers, we've introduced a "sign-off" procedure on
-patches that are being emailed around.
-
-The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for the
-patch, which certifies that you wrote it or otherwise have the right to
-pass it on as a open-source patch. The rules are pretty simple: if you
-can certify the below:
-
- Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
-
- By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:
-
- (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
- have the right to submit it under the open source license
- indicated in the file; or
-
- (b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
- of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
- license and I have the right under that license to submit that
- work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
- by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
- permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
- in the file; or
-
- (c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
- person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
- it.
-
- (d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
- are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
- personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
- maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
- this project or the open source license(s) involved.
-
-then you just add a line saying
-
- Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
-
-using your real name (sorry, no pseudonyms or anonymous contributions.)
-
-Some people also put extra tags at the end. They'll just be ignored for
-now, but you can do this to mark internal company procedures or just
-point out some special detail about the sign-off.
-
-If you are a subsystem or branch maintainer, sometimes you need to slightly
-modify patches you receive in order to merge them, because the code is not
-exactly the same in your tree and the submitters'. If you stick strictly to
-rule (c), you should ask the submitter to rediff, but this is a totally
-counter-productive waste of time and energy. Rule (b) allows you to adjust
-the code, but then it is very impolite to change one submitter's code and
-make him endorse your bugs. To solve this problem, it is recommended that
-you add a line between the last Signed-off-by header and yours, indicating
-the nature of your changes. While there is nothing mandatory about this, it
-seems like prepending the description with your mail and/or name, all
-enclosed in square brackets, is noticeable enough to make it obvious that
-you are responsible for last-minute changes. Example :
-
- Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
- [lucky@maintainer.example.org: struct foo moved from foo.c to foo.h]
- Signed-off-by: Lucky K Maintainer <lucky@maintainer.example.org>
-
-This practise is particularly helpful if you maintain a stable branch and
-want at the same time to credit the author, track changes, merge the fix,
-and protect the submitter from complaints. Note that under no circumstances
-can you change the author's identity (the From header), as it is the one
-which appears in the changelog.
-
-Special note to back-porters: It seems to be a common and useful practise
-to insert an indication of the origin of a patch at the top of the commit
-message (just after the subject line) to facilitate tracking. For instance,
-here's what we see in 2.6-stable :
-
- Date: Tue May 13 19:10:30 2008 +0000
-
- SCSI: libiscsi regression in 2.6.25: fix nop timer handling
-
- commit 4cf1043593db6a337f10e006c23c69e5fc93e722 upstream
-
-And here's what appears in 2.4 :
-
- Date: Tue May 13 22:12:27 2008 +0200
-
- wireless, airo: waitbusy() won't delay
-
- [backport of 2.6 commit b7acbdfbd1f277c1eb23f344f899cfa4cd0bf36a]
-
-Whatever the format, this information provides a valuable help to people
-tracking your trees, and to people trying to trouble-shoot bugs in your
-tree.
-
-
-13) When to use Acked-by: and Cc:
-
-The Signed-off-by: tag indicates that the signer was involved in the
-development of the patch, or that he/she was in the patch's delivery path.
-
-If a person was not directly involved in the preparation or handling of a
-patch but wishes to signify and record their approval of it then they can
-arrange to have an Acked-by: line added to the patch's changelog.
-
-Acked-by: is often used by the maintainer of the affected code when that
-maintainer neither contributed to nor forwarded the patch.
-
-Acked-by: is not as formal as Signed-off-by:. It is a record that the acker
-has at least reviewed the patch and has indicated acceptance. Hence patch
-mergers will sometimes manually convert an acker's "yep, looks good to me"
-into an Acked-by:.
-
-Acked-by: does not necessarily indicate acknowledgement of the entire patch.
-For example, if a patch affects multiple subsystems and has an Acked-by: from
-one subsystem maintainer then this usually indicates acknowledgement of just
-the part which affects that maintainer's code. Judgement should be used here.
-When in doubt people should refer to the original discussion in the mailing
-list archives.
-
-If a person has had the opportunity to comment on a patch, but has not
-provided such comments, you may optionally add a "Cc:" tag to the patch.
-This is the only tag which might be added without an explicit action by the
-person it names. This tag documents that potentially interested parties
-have been included in the discussion
-
-
-14) Using Test-by: and Reviewed-by:
-
-A Tested-by: tag indicates that the patch has been successfully tested (in
-some environment) by the person named. This tag informs maintainers that
-some testing has been performed, provides a means to locate testers for
-future patches, and ensures credit for the testers.
-
-Reviewed-by:, instead, indicates that the patch has been reviewed and found
-acceptable according to the Reviewer's Statement:
-
- Reviewer's statement of oversight
-
- By offering my Reviewed-by: tag, I state that:
-
- (a) I have carried out a technical review of this patch to
- evaluate its appropriateness and readiness for inclusion into
- the mainline kernel.
-
- (b) Any problems, concerns, or questions relating to the patch
- have been communicated back to the submitter. I am satisfied
- with the submitter's response to my comments.
-
- (c) While there may be things that could be improved with this
- submission, I believe that it is, at this time, (1) a
- worthwhile modification to the kernel, and (2) free of known
- issues which would argue against its inclusion.
-
- (d) While I have reviewed the patch and believe it to be sound, I
- do not (unless explicitly stated elsewhere) make any
- warranties or guarantees that it will achieve its stated
- purpose or function properly in any given situation.
-
-A Reviewed-by tag is a statement of opinion that the patch is an
-appropriate modification of the kernel without any remaining serious
-technical issues. Any interested reviewer (who has done the work) can
-offer a Reviewed-by tag for a patch. This tag serves to give credit to
-reviewers and to inform maintainers of the degree of review which has been
-done on the patch. Reviewed-by: tags, when supplied by reviewers known to
-understand the subject area and to perform thorough reviews, will normally
-increase the liklihood of your patch getting into the kernel.
-
-
-15) The canonical patch format
-
-The canonical patch subject line is:
-
- Subject: [PATCH 001/123] subsystem: summary phrase
-
-The canonical patch message body contains the following:
-
- - A "from" line specifying the patch author.
-
- - An empty line.
-
- - The body of the explanation, which will be copied to the
- permanent changelog to describe this patch.
-
- - The "Signed-off-by:" lines, described above, which will
- also go in the changelog.
-
- - A marker line containing simply "---".
-
- - Any additional comments not suitable for the changelog.
-
- - The actual patch (diff output).
-
-The Subject line format makes it very easy to sort the emails
-alphabetically by subject line - pretty much any email reader will
-support that - since because the sequence number is zero-padded,
-the numerical and alphabetic sort is the same.
-
-The "subsystem" in the email's Subject should identify which
-area or subsystem of the kernel is being patched.
-
-The "summary phrase" in the email's Subject should concisely
-describe the patch which that email contains. The "summary
-phrase" should not be a filename. Do not use the same "summary
-phrase" for every patch in a whole patch series (where a "patch
-series" is an ordered sequence of multiple, related patches).
-
-Bear in mind that the "summary phrase" of your email becomes
-a globally-unique identifier for that patch. It propagates
-all the way into the git changelog. The "summary phrase" may
-later be used in developer discussions which refer to the patch.
-People will want to google for the "summary phrase" to read
-discussion regarding that patch.
-
-A couple of example Subjects:
-
- Subject: [patch 2/5] ext2: improve scalability of bitmap searching
- Subject: [PATCHv2 001/207] x86: fix eflags tracking
-
-The "from" line must be the very first line in the message body,
-and has the form:
-
- From: Original Author <author@example.com>
-
-The "from" line specifies who will be credited as the author of the
-patch in the permanent changelog. If the "from" line is missing,
-then the "From:" line from the email header will be used to determine
-the patch author in the changelog.
-
-The explanation body will be committed to the permanent source
-changelog, so should make sense to a competent reader who has long
-since forgotten the immediate details of the discussion that might
-have led to this patch.
-
-The "---" marker line serves the essential purpose of marking for patch
-handling tools where the changelog message ends.
-
-One good use for the additional comments after the "---" marker is for
-a diffstat, to show what files have changed, and the number of inserted
-and deleted lines per file. A diffstat is especially useful on bigger
-patches. Other comments relevant only to the moment or the maintainer,
-not suitable for the permanent changelog, should also go here.
-Use diffstat options "-p 1 -w 70" so that filenames are listed from the
-top of the kernel source tree and don't use too much horizontal space
-(easily fit in 80 columns, maybe with some indentation).
-
-See more details on the proper patch format in the following
-references.
-
-
-16) Sending "git pull" requests (from Linus emails)
-
-Please write the git repo address and branch name alone on the same line
-so that I can't even by mistake pull from the wrong branch, and so
-that a triple-click just selects the whole thing.
-
-So the proper format is something along the lines of:
-
- "Please pull from
-
- git://jdelvare.pck.nerim.net/jdelvare-2.6 i2c-for-linus
-
- to get these changes:"
-
-so that I don't have to hunt-and-peck for the address and inevitably
-get it wrong (actually, I've only gotten it wrong a few times, and
-checking against the diffstat tells me when I get it wrong, but I'm
-just a lot more comfortable when I don't have to "look for" the right
-thing to pull, and double-check that I have the right branch-name).
-
-
-Please use "git diff -M --stat --summary" to generate the diffstat:
-the -M enables rename detection, and the summary enables a summary of
-new/deleted or renamed files.
-
-With rename detection, the statistics are rather different [...]
-because git will notice that a fair number of the changes are renames.
-
------------------------------------
-SECTION 2 - HINTS, TIPS, AND TRICKS
------------------------------------
-
-This section lists many of the common "rules" associated with code
-submitted to the kernel. There are always exceptions... but you must
-have a really good reason for doing so. You could probably call this
-section Linus Computer Science 101.
-
-
-
-1) Read Documentation/CodingStyle
-
-Nuff said. If your code deviates too much from this, it is likely
-to be rejected without further review, and without comment.
-
-One significant exception is when moving code from one file to
-another -- in this case you should not modify the moved code at all in
-the same patch which moves it. This clearly delineates the act of
-moving the code and your changes. This greatly aids review of the
-actual differences and allows tools to better track the history of
-the code itself.
-
-Check your patches with the patch style checker prior to submission
-(scripts/checkpatch.pl). The style checker should be viewed as
-a guide not as the final word. If your code looks better with
-a violation then its probably best left alone.
-
-The checker reports at three levels:
- - ERROR: things that are very likely to be wrong
- - WARNING: things requiring careful review
- - CHECK: things requiring thought
-
-You should be able to justify all violations that remain in your
-patch.
-
-
-
-2) #ifdefs are ugly
-
-Code cluttered with ifdefs is difficult to read and maintain. Don't do
-it. Instead, put your ifdefs in a header, and conditionally define
-'static inline' functions, or macros, which are used in the code.
-Let the compiler optimize away the "no-op" case.
-
-Simple example, of poor code:
-
- dev = alloc_etherdev (sizeof(struct funky_private));
- if (!dev)
- return -ENODEV;
- #ifdef CONFIG_NET_FUNKINESS
- init_funky_net(dev);
- #endif
-
-Cleaned-up example:
-
-(in header)
- #ifndef CONFIG_NET_FUNKINESS
- static inline void init_funky_net (struct net_device *d) {}
- #endif
-
-(in the code itself)
- dev = alloc_etherdev (sizeof(struct funky_private));
- if (!dev)
- return -ENODEV;
- init_funky_net(dev);
-
-
-
-3) 'static inline' is better than a macro
-
-Static inline functions are greatly preferred over macros.
-They provide type safety, have no length limitations, no formatting
-limitations, and under gcc they are as cheap as macros.
-
-Macros should only be used for cases where a static inline is clearly
-suboptimal [there are a few, isolated cases of this in fast paths],
-or where it is impossible to use a static inline function [such as
-string-izing].
-
-'static inline' is preferred over 'static __inline__', 'extern inline',
-and 'extern __inline__'.
-
-
-
-4) Don't over-design.
-
-Don't try to anticipate nebulous future cases which may or may not
-be useful: "Make it as simple as you can, and no simpler."
-
-
-
-----------------------
-SECTION 3 - REFERENCES
-----------------------
-
-Andrew Morton, "The perfect patch" (tpp).
- <http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt>
-
-Jeff Garzik, "Linux kernel patch submission format".
- <http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html>
-
-Greg Kroah-Hartman, "How to piss off a kernel subsystem maintainer".
- <http://www.kroah.com/log/2005/03/31/>
- <http://www.kroah.com/log/2005/07/08/>
- <http://www.kroah.com/log/2005/10/19/>
- <http://www.kroah.com/log/2006/01/11/>
-
-NO!!!! No more huge patch bombs to linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org people!
- <http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112112749912944&w=2>
-
-Kernel Documentation/CodingStyle:
- <http://users.sosdg.org/~qiyong/lxr/source/Documentation/CodingStyle>
-
-Linus Torvalds's mail on the canonical patch format:
- <http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/4/7/183>
---
+This file has moved to process/submitting-patches.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/VGA-softcursor.txt b/Documentation/VGA-softcursor.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 70acfbf399eb..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/VGA-softcursor.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-Software cursor for VGA by Pavel Machek <pavel@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
-======================= and Martin Mares <mj@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
-
- Linux now has some ability to manipulate cursor appearance. Normally, you
-can set the size of hardware cursor (and also work around some ugly bugs in
-those miserable Trident cards--see #define TRIDENT_GLITCH in drivers/video/
-vgacon.c). You can now play a few new tricks: you can make your cursor look
-like a non-blinking red block, make it inverse background of the character it's
-over or to highlight that character and still choose whether the original
-hardware cursor should remain visible or not. There may be other things I have
-never thought of.
-
- The cursor appearance is controlled by a "<ESC>[?1;2;3c" escape sequence
-where 1, 2 and 3 are parameters described below. If you omit any of them,
-they will default to zeroes.
-
- Parameter 1 specifies cursor size (0=default, 1=invisible, 2=underline, ...,
-8=full block) + 16 if you want the software cursor to be applied + 32 if you
-want to always change the background color + 64 if you dislike having the
-background the same as the foreground. Highlights are ignored for the last two
-flags.
-
- The second parameter selects character attribute bits you want to change
-(by simply XORing them with the value of this parameter). On standard VGA,
-the high four bits specify background and the low four the foreground. In both
-groups, low three bits set color (as in normal color codes used by the console)
-and the most significant one turns on highlight (or sometimes blinking--it
-depends on the configuration of your VGA).
-
- The third parameter consists of character attribute bits you want to set.
-Bit setting takes place before bit toggling, so you can simply clear a bit by
-including it in both the set mask and the toggle mask.
-
-Examples:
-=========
-
-To get normal blinking underline, use: echo -e '\033[?2c'
-To get blinking block, use: echo -e '\033[?6c'
-To get red non-blinking block, use: echo -e '\033[?17;0;64c'
diff --git a/Documentation/accel/amdxdna/amdnpu.rst b/Documentation/accel/amdxdna/amdnpu.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..42e54904f9a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accel/amdxdna/amdnpu.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+.. include:: <isonum.txt>
+
+=========
+ AMD NPU
+=========
+
+:Copyright: |copy| 2024 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+:Author: Sonal Santan <sonal.santan@amd.com>
+
+Overview
+========
+
+AMD NPU (Neural Processing Unit) is a multi-user AI inference accelerator
+integrated into AMD client APU. NPU enables efficient execution of Machine
+Learning applications like CNN, LLM, etc. NPU is based on
+`AMD XDNA Architecture`_. NPU is managed by **amdxdna** driver.
+
+
+Hardware Description
+====================
+
+AMD NPU consists of the following hardware components:
+
+AMD XDNA Array
+--------------
+
+AMD XDNA Array comprises of 2D array of compute and memory tiles built with
+`AMD AI Engine Technology`_. Each column has 4 rows of compute tiles and 1
+row of memory tile. Each compute tile contains a VLIW processor with its own
+dedicated program and data memory. The memory tile acts as L2 memory. The 2D
+array can be partitioned at a column boundary creating a spatially isolated
+partition which can be bound to a workload context.
+
+Each column also has dedicated DMA engines to move data between host DDR and
+memory tile.
+
+AMD Phoenix and AMD Hawk Point client NPU have a 4x5 topology, i.e., 4 rows of
+compute tiles arranged into 5 columns. AMD Strix Point client APU have 4x8
+topology, i.e., 4 rows of compute tiles arranged into 8 columns.
+
+Shared L2 Memory
+----------------
+
+The single row of memory tiles create a pool of software managed on chip L2
+memory. DMA engines are used to move data between host DDR and memory tiles.
+AMD Phoenix and AMD Hawk Point NPUs have a total of 2560 KB of L2 memory.
+AMD Strix Point NPU has a total of 4096 KB of L2 memory.
+
+Microcontroller
+---------------
+
+A microcontroller runs NPU Firmware which is responsible for command processing,
+XDNA Array partition setup, XDNA Array configuration, workload context
+management and workload orchestration.
+
+NPU Firmware uses a dedicated instance of an isolated non-privileged context
+called ERT to service each workload context. ERT is also used to execute user
+provided ``ctrlcode`` associated with the workload context.
+
+NPU Firmware uses a single isolated privileged context called MERT to service
+management commands from the amdxdna driver.
+
+Mailboxes
+---------
+
+The microcontroller and amdxdna driver use a privileged channel for management
+tasks like setting up of contexts, telemetry, query, error handling, setting up
+user channel, etc. As mentioned before, privileged channel requests are
+serviced by MERT. The privileged channel is bound to a single mailbox.
+
+The microcontroller and amdxdna driver use a dedicated user channel per
+workload context. The user channel is primarily used for submitting work to
+the NPU. As mentioned before, a user channel requests are serviced by an
+instance of ERT. Each user channel is bound to its own dedicated mailbox.
+
+PCIe EP
+-------
+
+NPU is visible to the x86 host CPU as a PCIe device with multiple BARs and some
+MSI-X interrupt vectors. NPU uses a dedicated high bandwidth SoC level fabric
+for reading or writing into host memory. Each instance of ERT gets its own
+dedicated MSI-X interrupt. MERT gets a single instance of MSI-X interrupt.
+
+The number of PCIe BARs varies depending on the specific device. Based on their
+functions, PCIe BARs can generally be categorized into the following types.
+
+* PSP BAR: Expose the AMD PSP (Platform Security Processor) function
+* SMU BAR: Expose the AMD SMU (System Management Unit) function
+* SRAM BAR: Expose ring buffers for the mailbox
+* Mailbox BAR: Expose the mailbox control registers (head, tail and ISR
+ registers etc.)
+* Public Register BAR: Expose public registers
+
+On specific devices, the above-mentioned BAR type might be combined into a
+single physical PCIe BAR. Or a module might require two physical PCIe BARs to
+be fully functional. For example,
+
+* On AMD Phoenix device, PSP, SMU, Public Register BARs are on PCIe BAR index 0.
+* On AMD Strix Point device, Mailbox and Public Register BARs are on PCIe BAR
+ index 0. The PSP has some registers in PCIe BAR index 0 (Public Register BAR)
+ and PCIe BAR index 4 (PSP BAR).
+
+Process Isolation Hardware
+--------------------------
+
+As explained before, XDNA Array can be dynamically divided into isolated
+spatial partitions, each of which may have one or more columns. The spatial
+partition is setup by programming the column isolation registers by the
+microcontroller. Each spatial partition is associated with a PASID which is
+also programmed by the microcontroller. Hence multiple spatial partitions in
+the NPU can make concurrent host access protected by PASID.
+
+The NPU FW itself uses microcontroller MMU enforced isolated contexts for
+servicing user and privileged channel requests.
+
+
+Mixed Spatial and Temporal Scheduling
+=====================================
+
+AMD XDNA architecture supports mixed spatial and temporal (time sharing)
+scheduling of 2D array. This means that spatial partitions may be setup and
+torn down dynamically to accommodate various workloads. A *spatial* partition
+may be *exclusively* bound to one workload context while another partition may
+be *temporarily* bound to more than one workload contexts. The microcontroller
+updates the PASID for a temporarily shared partition to match the context that
+has been bound to the partition at any moment.
+
+Resource Solver
+---------------
+
+The Resource Solver component of the amdxdna driver manages the allocation
+of 2D array among various workloads. Every workload describes the number
+of columns required to run the NPU binary in its metadata. The Resource Solver
+component uses hints passed by the workload and its own heuristics to
+decide 2D array (re)partition strategy and mapping of workloads for spatial and
+temporal sharing of columns. The FW enforces the context-to-column(s) resource
+binding decisions made by the Resource Solver.
+
+AMD Phoenix and AMD Hawk Point client NPU can support 6 concurrent workload
+contexts. AMD Strix Point can support 16 concurrent workload contexts.
+
+
+Application Binaries
+====================
+
+A NPU application workload is comprised of two separate binaries which are
+generated by the NPU compiler.
+
+1. AMD XDNA Array overlay, which is used to configure a NPU spatial partition.
+ The overlay contains instructions for setting up the stream switch
+ configuration and ELF for the compute tiles. The overlay is loaded on the
+ spatial partition bound to the workload by the associated ERT instance.
+ Refer to the
+ `Versal Adaptive SoC AIE-ML Architecture Manual (AM020)`_ for more details.
+
+2. ``ctrlcode``, used for orchestrating the overlay loaded on the spatial
+ partition. ``ctrlcode`` is executed by the ERT running in protected mode on
+ the microcontroller in the context of the workload. ``ctrlcode`` is made up
+ of a sequence of opcodes named ``XAie_TxnOpcode``. Refer to the
+ `AI Engine Run Time`_ for more details.
+
+
+Special Host Buffers
+====================
+
+Per-context Instruction Buffer
+------------------------------
+
+Every workload context uses a host resident 64 MB buffer which is memory
+mapped into the ERT instance created to service the workload. The ``ctrlcode``
+used by the workload is copied into this special memory. This buffer is
+protected by PASID like all other input/output buffers used by that workload.
+Instruction buffer is also mapped into the user space of the workload.
+
+Global Privileged Buffer
+------------------------
+
+In addition, the driver also allocates a single buffer for maintenance tasks
+like recording errors from MERT. This global buffer uses the global IOMMU
+domain and is only accessible by MERT.
+
+
+High-level Use Flow
+===================
+
+Here are the steps to run a workload on AMD NPU:
+
+1. Compile the workload into an overlay and a ``ctrlcode`` binary.
+2. Userspace opens a context in the driver and provides the overlay.
+3. The driver checks with the Resource Solver for provisioning a set of columns
+ for the workload.
+4. The driver then asks MERT to create a context on the device with the desired
+ columns.
+5. MERT then creates an instance of ERT. MERT also maps the Instruction Buffer
+ into ERT memory.
+6. The userspace then copies the ``ctrlcode`` to the Instruction Buffer.
+7. Userspace then creates a command buffer with pointers to input, output, and
+ instruction buffer; it then submits command buffer with the driver and goes
+ to sleep waiting for completion.
+8. The driver sends the command over the Mailbox to ERT.
+9. ERT *executes* the ``ctrlcode`` in the instruction buffer.
+10. Execution of the ``ctrlcode`` kicks off DMAs to and from the host DDR while
+ AMD XDNA Array is running.
+11. When ERT reaches end of ``ctrlcode``, it raises an MSI-X to send completion
+ signal to the driver which then wakes up the waiting workload.
+
+
+Boot Flow
+=========
+
+amdxdna driver uses PSP to securely load signed NPU FW and kick off the boot
+of the NPU microcontroller. amdxdna driver then waits for the alive signal in
+a special location on BAR 0. The NPU is switched off during SoC suspend and
+turned on after resume where the NPU FW is reloaded, and the handshake is
+performed again.
+
+
+Userspace components
+====================
+
+Compiler
+--------
+
+Peano is an LLVM based open-source single core compiler for AMD XDNA Array
+compute tile. Peano is available at:
+https://github.com/Xilinx/llvm-aie
+
+IRON is an open-source array compiler for AMD XDNA Array based NPU which uses
+Peano underneath. IRON is available at:
+https://github.com/Xilinx/mlir-aie
+
+Usermode Driver (UMD)
+---------------------
+
+The open-source XRT runtime stack interfaces with amdxdna kernel driver. XRT
+can be found at:
+https://github.com/Xilinx/XRT
+
+The open-source XRT shim for NPU is can be found at:
+https://github.com/amd/xdna-driver
+
+
+DMA Operation
+=============
+
+DMA operation instructions are encoded in the ``ctrlcode`` as
+``XAIE_IO_BLOCKWRITE`` opcode. When ERT executes ``XAIE_IO_BLOCKWRITE``, DMA
+operations between host DDR and L2 memory are effected.
+
+
+Error Handling
+==============
+
+When MERT detects an error in AMD XDNA Array, it pauses execution for that
+workload context and sends an asynchronous message to the driver over the
+privileged channel. The driver then sends a buffer pointer to MERT to capture
+the register states for the partition bound to faulting workload context. The
+driver then decodes the error by reading the contents of the buffer pointer.
+
+
+Telemetry
+=========
+
+MERT can report various kinds of telemetry information like the following:
+
+* L1 interrupt counter
+* DMA counter
+* Deep Sleep counter
+* etc.
+
+
+References
+==========
+
+- `AMD XDNA Architecture <https://www.amd.com/en/technologies/xdna.html>`_
+- `AMD AI Engine Technology <https://www.xilinx.com/products/technology/ai-engine.html>`_
+- `Peano <https://github.com/Xilinx/llvm-aie>`_
+- `Versal Adaptive SoC AIE-ML Architecture Manual (AM020) <https://docs.amd.com/r/en-US/am020-versal-aie-ml>`_
+- `AI Engine Run Time <https://github.com/Xilinx/aie-rt/tree/release/main_aig>`_
diff --git a/Documentation/accel/amdxdna/index.rst b/Documentation/accel/amdxdna/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..38c16939f1fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accel/amdxdna/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+=====================================
+ accel/amdxdna NPU driver
+=====================================
+
+The accel/amdxdna driver supports the AMD NPU (Neural Processing Unit).
+
+.. toctree::
+
+ amdnpu
diff --git a/Documentation/accel/index.rst b/Documentation/accel/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d8fa332d60a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accel/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+====================
+Compute Accelerators
+====================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ introduction
+ amdxdna/index
+ qaic/index
+ rocket/index
+
+.. only:: subproject and html
+
+ Indices
+ =======
+
+ * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/accel/introduction.rst b/Documentation/accel/introduction.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ae3030136637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accel/introduction.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+============
+Introduction
+============
+
+The Linux compute accelerators subsystem is designed to expose compute
+accelerators in a common way to user-space and provide a common set of
+functionality.
+
+These devices can be either stand-alone ASICs or IP blocks inside an SoC/GPU.
+Although these devices are typically designed to accelerate
+Machine-Learning (ML) and/or Deep-Learning (DL) computations, the accel layer
+is not limited to handling these types of accelerators.
+
+Typically, a compute accelerator will belong to one of the following
+categories:
+
+- Edge AI - doing inference at an edge device. It can be an embedded ASIC/FPGA,
+ or an IP inside a SoC (e.g. laptop web camera). These devices
+ are typically configured using registers and can work with or without DMA.
+
+- Inference data-center - single/multi user devices in a large server. This
+ type of device can be stand-alone or an IP inside a SoC or a GPU. It will
+ have on-board DRAM (to hold the DL topology), DMA engines and
+ command submission queues (either kernel or user-space queues).
+ It might also have an MMU to manage multiple users and might also enable
+ virtualization (SR-IOV) to support multiple VMs on the same device. In
+ addition, these devices will usually have some tools, such as profiler and
+ debugger.
+
+- Training data-center - Similar to Inference data-center cards, but typically
+ have more computational power and memory b/w (e.g. HBM) and will likely have
+ a method of scaling-up/out, i.e. connecting to other training cards inside
+ the server or in other servers, respectively.
+
+All these devices typically have different runtime user-space software stacks,
+that are tailored-made to their h/w. In addition, they will also probably
+include a compiler to generate programs to their custom-made computational
+engines. Typically, the common layer in user-space will be the DL frameworks,
+such as PyTorch and TensorFlow.
+
+Sharing code with DRM
+=====================
+
+Because this type of devices can be an IP inside GPUs or have similar
+characteristics as those of GPUs, the accel subsystem will use the
+DRM subsystem's code and functionality. i.e. the accel core code will
+be part of the DRM subsystem and an accel device will be a new type of DRM
+device.
+
+This will allow us to leverage the extensive DRM code-base and
+collaborate with DRM developers that have experience with this type of
+devices. In addition, new features that will be added for the accelerator
+drivers can be of use to GPU drivers as well.
+
+Differentiation from GPUs
+=========================
+
+Because we want to prevent the extensive user-space graphic software stack
+from trying to use an accelerator as a GPU, the compute accelerators will be
+differentiated from GPUs by using a new major number and new device char files.
+
+Furthermore, the drivers will be located in a separate place in the kernel
+tree - drivers/accel/.
+
+The accelerator devices will be exposed to the user space with the dedicated
+261 major number and will have the following convention:
+
+- device char files - /dev/accel/accel\*
+- sysfs - /sys/class/accel/accel\*/
+- debugfs - /sys/kernel/debug/accel/\*/
+
+Getting Started
+===============
+
+First, read the DRM documentation at Documentation/gpu/index.rst.
+Not only it will explain how to write a new DRM driver but it will also
+contain all the information on how to contribute, the Code Of Conduct and
+what is the coding style/documentation. All of that is the same for the
+accel subsystem.
+
+Second, make sure the kernel is configured with CONFIG_DRM_ACCEL.
+
+To expose your device as an accelerator, two changes are needed to
+be done in your driver (as opposed to a standard DRM driver):
+
+- Add the DRIVER_COMPUTE_ACCEL feature flag in your drm_driver's
+ driver_features field. It is important to note that this driver feature is
+ mutually exclusive with DRIVER_RENDER and DRIVER_MODESET. Devices that want
+ to expose both graphics and compute device char files should be handled by
+ two drivers that are connected using the auxiliary bus framework.
+
+- Change the open callback in your driver fops structure to accel_open().
+ Alternatively, your driver can use DEFINE_DRM_ACCEL_FOPS macro to easily
+ set the correct function operations pointers structure.
+
+External References
+===================
+
+email threads
+-------------
+
+* `Initial discussion on the New subsystem for acceleration devices <https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAFCwf11=9qpNAepL7NL+YAV_QO=Wv6pnWPhKHKAepK3fNn+2Dg@mail.gmail.com/>`_ - Oded Gabbay (2022)
+* `patch-set to add the new subsystem <https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20221022214622.18042-1-ogabbay@kernel.org/>`_ - Oded Gabbay (2022)
+
+Conference talks
+----------------
+
+* `LPC 2022 Accelerators BOF outcomes summary <https://airlied.blogspot.com/2022/09/accelerators-bof-outcomes-summary.html>`_ - Dave Airlie (2022)
diff --git a/Documentation/accel/qaic/aic080.rst b/Documentation/accel/qaic/aic080.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d563771ea6ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accel/qaic/aic080.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+===============================
+ Qualcomm Cloud AI 80 (AIC080)
+===============================
+
+Overview
+========
+
+The Qualcomm Cloud AI 80/AIC080 family of products are a derivative of AIC100.
+The number of NSPs and clock rates are reduced to fit within resource
+constrained solutions. The PCIe Product ID is 0xa080.
+
+As a derivative product, all AIC100 documentation applies.
diff --git a/Documentation/accel/qaic/aic100.rst b/Documentation/accel/qaic/aic100.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..273da6192fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accel/qaic/aic100.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+===============================
+ Qualcomm Cloud AI 100 (AIC100)
+===============================
+
+Overview
+========
+
+The Qualcomm Cloud AI 100/AIC100 family of products (including SA9000P - part of
+Snapdragon Ride) are PCIe adapter cards which contain a dedicated SoC ASIC for
+the purpose of efficiently running Artificial Intelligence (AI) Deep Learning
+inference workloads. They are AI accelerators.
+
+The PCIe interface of AIC100 is capable of PCIe Gen4 speeds over eight lanes
+(x8). An individual SoC on a card can have up to 16 NSPs for running workloads.
+Each SoC has an A53 management CPU. On card, there can be up to 32 GB of DDR.
+
+Multiple AIC100 cards can be hosted in a single system to scale overall
+performance. AIC100 cards are multi-user capable and able to execute workloads
+from multiple users in a concurrent manner.
+
+Hardware Description
+====================
+
+An AIC100 card consists of an AIC100 SoC, on-card DDR, and a set of misc
+peripherals (PMICs, etc).
+
+An AIC100 card can either be a PCIe HHHL form factor (a traditional PCIe card),
+or a Dual M.2 card. Both use PCIe to connect to the host system.
+
+As a PCIe endpoint/adapter, AIC100 uses the standard VendorID(VID)/
+DeviceID(DID) combination to uniquely identify itself to the host. AIC100
+uses the standard Qualcomm VID (0x17cb). All AIC100 SKUs use the same
+AIC100 DID (0xa100).
+
+AIC100 does not implement FLR (function level reset).
+
+AIC100 implements MSI but does not implement MSI-X. AIC100 prefers 17 MSIs to
+operate (1 for MHI, 16 for the DMA Bridge). Falling back to 1 MSI is possible in
+scenarios where reserving 32 MSIs isn't feasible.
+
+As a PCIe device, AIC100 utilizes BARs to provide host interfaces to the device
+hardware. AIC100 provides 3, 64-bit BARs.
+
+* The first BAR is 4K in size, and exposes the MHI interface to the host.
+
+* The second BAR is 2M in size, and exposes the DMA Bridge interface to the
+ host.
+
+* The third BAR is variable in size based on an individual AIC100's
+ configuration, but defaults to 64K. This BAR currently has no purpose.
+
+From the host perspective, AIC100 has several key hardware components -
+
+* MHI (Modem Host Interface)
+* QSM (QAIC Service Manager)
+* NSPs (Neural Signal Processor)
+* DMA Bridge
+* DDR
+
+MHI
+---
+
+AIC100 has one MHI interface over PCIe. MHI itself is documented at
+Documentation/mhi/index.rst MHI is the mechanism the host uses to communicate
+with the QSM. Except for workload data via the DMA Bridge, all interaction with
+the device occurs via MHI.
+
+QSM
+---
+
+QAIC Service Manager. This is an ARM A53 CPU that runs the primary
+firmware of the card and performs on-card management tasks. It also
+communicates with the host via MHI. Each AIC100 has one of
+these.
+
+NSP
+---
+
+Neural Signal Processor. Each AIC100 has up to 16 of these. These are
+the processors that run the workloads on AIC100. Each NSP is a Qualcomm Hexagon
+(Q6) DSP with HVX and HMX. Each NSP can only run one workload at a time, but
+multiple NSPs may be assigned to a single workload. Since each NSP can only run
+one workload, AIC100 is limited to 16 concurrent workloads. Workload
+"scheduling" is under the purview of the host. AIC100 does not automatically
+timeslice.
+
+DMA Bridge
+----------
+
+The DMA Bridge is custom DMA engine that manages the flow of data
+in and out of workloads. AIC100 has one of these. The DMA Bridge has 16
+channels, each consisting of a set of request/response FIFOs. Each active
+workload is assigned a single DMA Bridge channel. The DMA Bridge exposes
+hardware registers to manage the FIFOs (head/tail pointers), but requires host
+memory to store the FIFOs.
+
+DDR
+---
+
+AIC100 has on-card DDR. In total, an AIC100 can have up to 32 GB of DDR.
+This DDR is used to store workloads, data for the workloads, and is used by the
+QSM for managing the device. NSPs are granted access to sections of the DDR by
+the QSM. The host does not have direct access to the DDR, and must make
+requests to the QSM to transfer data to the DDR.
+
+High-level Use Flow
+===================
+
+AIC100 is a multi-user, programmable accelerator typically used for running
+neural networks in inferencing mode to efficiently perform AI operations.
+AIC100 is not intended for training neural networks. AIC100 can be utilized
+for generic compute workloads.
+
+Assuming a user wants to utilize AIC100, they would follow these steps:
+
+1. Compile the workload into an ELF targeting the NSP(s)
+2. Make requests to the QSM to load the workload and related artifacts into the
+ device DDR
+3. Make a request to the QSM to activate the workload onto a set of idle NSPs
+4. Make requests to the DMA Bridge to send input data to the workload to be
+ processed, and other requests to receive processed output data from the
+ workload.
+5. Once the workload is no longer required, make a request to the QSM to
+ deactivate the workload, thus putting the NSPs back into an idle state.
+6. Once the workload and related artifacts are no longer needed for future
+ sessions, make requests to the QSM to unload the data from DDR. This frees
+ the DDR to be used by other users.
+
+
+Boot Flow
+=========
+
+AIC100 uses a flashless boot flow, derived from Qualcomm MSMs.
+
+When AIC100 is first powered on, it begins executing PBL (Primary Bootloader)
+from ROM. PBL enumerates the PCIe link, and initializes the BHI (Boot Host
+Interface) component of MHI.
+
+Using BHI, the host points PBL to the location of the SBL (Secondary Bootloader)
+image. The PBL pulls the image from the host, validates it, and begins
+execution of SBL.
+
+SBL initializes MHI, and uses MHI to notify the host that the device has entered
+the SBL stage. SBL performs a number of operations:
+
+* SBL initializes the majority of hardware (anything PBL left uninitialized),
+ including DDR.
+* SBL offloads the bootlog to the host.
+* SBL synchronizes timestamps with the host for future logging.
+* SBL uses the Sahara protocol to obtain the runtime firmware images from the
+ host.
+
+Once SBL has obtained and validated the runtime firmware, it brings the NSPs out
+of reset, and jumps into the QSM.
+
+The QSM uses MHI to notify the host that the device has entered the QSM stage
+(AMSS in MHI terms). At this point, the AIC100 device is fully functional, and
+ready to process workloads.
+
+Userspace components
+====================
+
+Compiler
+--------
+
+An open compiler for AIC100 based on upstream LLVM can be found at:
+https://github.com/quic/software-kit-for-qualcomm-cloud-ai-100-cc
+
+Usermode Driver (UMD)
+---------------------
+
+An open UMD that interfaces with the qaic kernel driver can be found at:
+https://github.com/quic/software-kit-for-qualcomm-cloud-ai-100
+
+Sahara loader
+-------------
+
+An open implementation of the Sahara protocol called kickstart can be found at:
+https://github.com/andersson/qdl
+
+MHI Channels
+============
+
+AIC100 defines a number of MHI channels for different purposes. This is a list
+of the defined channels, and their uses.
+
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| Channel name | IDs | EEs | Purpose |
++================+=========+==========+========================================+
+| QAIC_LOOPBACK | 0 & 1 | AMSS | Any data sent to the device on this |
+| | | | channel is sent back to the host. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_SAHARA | 2 & 3 | SBL | Used by SBL to obtain the runtime |
+| | | | firmware from the host. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_DIAG | 4 & 5 | AMSS | Used to communicate with QSM via the |
+| | | | DIAG protocol. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_SSR | 6 & 7 | AMSS | Used to notify the host of subsystem |
+| | | | restart events, and to offload SSR |
+| | | | crashdumps. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_QDSS | 8 & 9 | AMSS | Used for the Qualcomm Debug Subsystem. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_CONTROL | 10 & 11 | AMSS | Used for the Neural Network Control |
+| | | | (NNC) protocol. This is the primary |
+| | | | channel between host and QSM for |
+| | | | managing workloads. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_LOGGING | 12 & 13 | SBL | Used by the SBL to send the bootlog to |
+| | | | the host. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_STATUS | 14 & 15 | AMSS | Used to notify the host of Reliability,|
+| | | | Accessibility, Serviceability (RAS) |
+| | | | events. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_TELEMETRY | 16 & 17 | AMSS | Used to get/set power/thermal/etc |
+| | | | attributes. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_DEBUG | 18 & 19 | AMSS | Not used. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_TIMESYNC | 20 & 21 | SBL | Used to synchronize timestamps in the |
+| | | | device side logs with the host time |
+| | | | source. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| QAIC_TIMESYNC | 22 & 23 | AMSS | Used to periodically synchronize |
+| _PERIODIC | | | timestamps in the device side logs with|
+| | | | the host time source. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+| IPCR | 24 & 25 | AMSS | AF_QIPCRTR clients and servers. |
++----------------+---------+----------+----------------------------------------+
+
+DMA Bridge
+==========
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+The DMA Bridge is one of the main interfaces to the host from the device
+(the other being MHI). As part of activating a workload to run on NSPs, the QSM
+assigns that network a DMA Bridge channel. A workload's DMA Bridge channel
+(DBC for short) is solely for the use of that workload and is not shared with
+other workloads.
+
+Each DBC is a pair of FIFOs that manage data in and out of the workload. One
+FIFO is the request FIFO. The other FIFO is the response FIFO.
+
+Each DBC contains 4 registers in hardware:
+
+* Request FIFO head pointer (offset 0x0). Read only by the host. Indicates the
+ latest item in the FIFO the device has consumed.
+* Request FIFO tail pointer (offset 0x4). Read/write by the host. Host
+ increments this register to add new items to the FIFO.
+* Response FIFO head pointer (offset 0x8). Read/write by the host. Indicates
+ the latest item in the FIFO the host has consumed.
+* Response FIFO tail pointer (offset 0xc). Read only by the host. Device
+ increments this register to add new items to the FIFO.
+
+The values in each register are indexes in the FIFO. To get the location of the
+FIFO element pointed to by the register: FIFO base address + register * element
+size.
+
+DBC registers are exposed to the host via the second BAR. Each DBC consumes
+4KB of space in the BAR.
+
+The actual FIFOs are backed by host memory. When sending a request to the QSM
+to activate a network, the host must donate memory to be used for the FIFOs.
+Due to internal mapping limitations of the device, a single contiguous chunk of
+memory must be provided per DBC, which hosts both FIFOs. The request FIFO will
+consume the beginning of the memory chunk, and the response FIFO will consume
+the end of the memory chunk.
+
+Request FIFO
+------------
+
+A request FIFO element has the following structure:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct request_elem {
+ u16 req_id;
+ u8 seq_id;
+ u8 pcie_dma_cmd;
+ u32 reserved;
+ u64 pcie_dma_source_addr;
+ u64 pcie_dma_dest_addr;
+ u32 pcie_dma_len;
+ u32 reserved;
+ u64 doorbell_addr;
+ u8 doorbell_attr;
+ u8 reserved;
+ u16 reserved;
+ u32 doorbell_data;
+ u32 sem_cmd0;
+ u32 sem_cmd1;
+ u32 sem_cmd2;
+ u32 sem_cmd3;
+ };
+
+Request field descriptions:
+
+req_id
+ request ID. A request FIFO element and a response FIFO element with
+ the same request ID refer to the same command.
+
+seq_id
+ sequence ID within a request. Ignored by the DMA Bridge.
+
+pcie_dma_cmd
+ describes the DMA element of this request.
+
+ * Bit(7) is the force msi flag, which overrides the DMA Bridge MSI logic
+ and generates a MSI when this request is complete, and QSM
+ configures the DMA Bridge to look at this bit.
+ * Bits(6:5) are reserved.
+ * Bit(4) is the completion code flag, and indicates that the DMA Bridge
+ shall generate a response FIFO element when this request is
+ complete.
+ * Bit(3) indicates if this request is a linked list transfer(0) or a bulk
+ transfer(1).
+ * Bit(2) is reserved.
+ * Bits(1:0) indicate the type of transfer. No transfer(0), to device(1),
+ from device(2). Value 3 is illegal.
+
+pcie_dma_source_addr
+ source address for a bulk transfer, or the address of the linked list.
+
+pcie_dma_dest_addr
+ destination address for a bulk transfer.
+
+pcie_dma_len
+ length of the bulk transfer. Note that the size of this field
+ limits transfers to 4G in size.
+
+doorbell_addr
+ address of the doorbell to ring when this request is complete.
+
+doorbell_attr
+ doorbell attributes.
+
+ * Bit(7) indicates if a write to a doorbell is to occur.
+ * Bits(6:2) are reserved.
+ * Bits(1:0) contain the encoding of the doorbell length. 0 is 32-bit,
+ 1 is 16-bit, 2 is 8-bit, 3 is reserved. The doorbell address
+ must be naturally aligned to the specified length.
+
+doorbell_data
+ data to write to the doorbell. Only the bits corresponding to
+ the doorbell length are valid.
+
+sem_cmdN
+ semaphore command.
+
+ * Bit(31) indicates this semaphore command is enabled.
+ * Bit(30) is the to-device DMA fence. Block this request until all
+ to-device DMA transfers are complete.
+ * Bit(29) is the from-device DMA fence. Block this request until all
+ from-device DMA transfers are complete.
+ * Bits(28:27) are reserved.
+ * Bits(26:24) are the semaphore command. 0 is NOP. 1 is init with the
+ specified value. 2 is increment. 3 is decrement. 4 is wait
+ until the semaphore is equal to the specified value. 5 is wait
+ until the semaphore is greater or equal to the specified value.
+ 6 is "P", wait until semaphore is greater than 0, then
+ decrement by 1. 7 is reserved.
+ * Bit(23) is reserved.
+ * Bit(22) is the semaphore sync. 0 is post sync, which means that the
+ semaphore operation is done after the DMA transfer. 1 is
+ presync, which gates the DMA transfer. Only one presync is
+ allowed per request.
+ * Bit(21) is reserved.
+ * Bits(20:16) is the index of the semaphore to operate on.
+ * Bits(15:12) are reserved.
+ * Bits(11:0) are the semaphore value to use in operations.
+
+Overall, a request is processed in 4 steps:
+
+1. If specified, the presync semaphore condition must be true
+2. If enabled, the DMA transfer occurs
+3. If specified, the postsync semaphore conditions must be true
+4. If enabled, the doorbell is written
+
+By using the semaphores in conjunction with the workload running on the NSPs,
+the data pipeline can be synchronized such that the host can queue multiple
+requests of data for the workload to process, but the DMA Bridge will only copy
+the data into the memory of the workload when the workload is ready to process
+the next input.
+
+Response FIFO
+-------------
+
+Once a request is fully processed, a response FIFO element is generated if
+specified in pcie_dma_cmd. The structure of a response FIFO element:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct response_elem {
+ u16 req_id;
+ u16 completion_code;
+ };
+
+req_id
+ matches the req_id of the request that generated this element.
+
+completion_code
+ status of this request. 0 is success. Non-zero is an error.
+
+The DMA Bridge will generate a MSI to the host as a reaction to activity in the
+response FIFO of a DBC. The DMA Bridge hardware has an IRQ storm mitigation
+algorithm, where it will only generate a MSI when the response FIFO transitions
+from empty to non-empty (unless force MSI is enabled and triggered). In
+response to this MSI, the host is expected to drain the response FIFO, and must
+take care to handle any race conditions between draining the FIFO, and the
+device inserting elements into the FIFO.
+
+Neural Network Control (NNC) Protocol
+=====================================
+
+The NNC protocol is how the host makes requests to the QSM to manage workloads.
+It uses the QAIC_CONTROL MHI channel.
+
+Each NNC request is packaged into a message. Each message is a series of
+transactions. A passthrough type transaction can contain elements known as
+commands.
+
+QSM requires NNC messages be little endian encoded and the fields be naturally
+aligned. Since there are 64-bit elements in some NNC messages, 64-bit alignment
+must be maintained.
+
+A message contains a header and then a series of transactions. A message may be
+at most 4K in size from QSM to the host. From the host to the QSM, a message
+can be at most 64K (maximum size of a single MHI packet), but there is a
+continuation feature where message N+1 can be marked as a continuation of
+message N. This is used for exceedingly large DMA xfer transactions.
+
+Transaction descriptions
+------------------------
+
+passthrough
+ Allows userspace to send an opaque payload directly to the QSM.
+ This is used for NNC commands. Userspace is responsible for managing
+ the QSM message requirements in the payload.
+
+dma_xfer
+ DMA transfer. Describes an object that the QSM should DMA into the
+ device via address and size tuples.
+
+activate
+ Activate a workload onto NSPs. The host must provide memory to be
+ used by the DBC.
+
+deactivate
+ Deactivate an active workload and return the NSPs to idle.
+
+status
+ Query the QSM about it's NNC implementation. Returns the NNC version,
+ and if CRC is used.
+
+terminate
+ Release a user's resources.
+
+dma_xfer_cont
+ Continuation of a previous DMA transfer. If a DMA transfer
+ cannot be specified in a single message (highly fragmented), this
+ transaction can be used to specify more ranges.
+
+validate_partition
+ Query to QSM to determine if a partition identifier is valid.
+
+Each message is tagged with a user id, and a partition id. The user id allows
+QSM to track resources, and release them when the user goes away (eg the process
+crashes). A partition id identifies the resource partition that QSM manages,
+which this message applies to.
+
+Messages may have CRCs. Messages should have CRCs applied until the QSM
+reports via the status transaction that CRCs are not needed. The QSM on the
+SA9000P requires CRCs for black channel safing.
+
+Subsystem Restart (SSR)
+=======================
+
+SSR is the concept of limiting the impact of an error. An AIC100 device may
+have multiple users, each with their own workload running. If the workload of
+one user crashes, the fallout of that should be limited to that workload and not
+impact other workloads. SSR accomplishes this.
+
+If a particular workload crashes, QSM notifies the host via the QAIC_SSR MHI
+channel. This notification identifies the workload by it's assigned DBC. A
+multi-stage recovery process is then used to cleanup both sides, and get the
+DBC/NSPs into a working state.
+
+When SSR occurs, any state in the workload is lost. Any inputs that were in
+process, or queued by not yet serviced, are lost. The loaded artifacts will
+remain in on-card DDR, but the host will need to re-activate the workload if
+it desires to recover the workload.
+
+Reliability, Accessibility, Serviceability (RAS)
+================================================
+
+AIC100 is expected to be deployed in server systems where RAS ideology is
+applied. Simply put, RAS is the concept of detecting, classifying, and
+reporting errors. While PCIe has AER (Advanced Error Reporting) which factors
+into RAS, AER does not allow for a device to report details about internal
+errors. Therefore, AIC100 implements a custom RAS mechanism. When a RAS event
+occurs, QSM will report the event with appropriate details via the QAIC_STATUS
+MHI channel. A sysadmin may determine that a particular device needs
+additional service based on RAS reports.
+
+Telemetry
+=========
+
+QSM has the ability to report various physical attributes of the device, and in
+some cases, to allow the host to control them. Examples include thermal limits,
+thermal readings, and power readings. These items are communicated via the
+QAIC_TELEMETRY MHI channel.
diff --git a/Documentation/accel/qaic/index.rst b/Documentation/accel/qaic/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..967b9dd8bace
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accel/qaic/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+=====================================
+ accel/qaic Qualcomm Cloud AI driver
+=====================================
+
+The accel/qaic driver supports the Qualcomm Cloud AI machine learning
+accelerator cards.
+
+.. toctree::
+
+ qaic
+ aic080
+ aic100
diff --git a/Documentation/accel/qaic/qaic.rst b/Documentation/accel/qaic/qaic.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..018d6cc173d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accel/qaic/qaic.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+=============
+ QAIC driver
+=============
+
+The QAIC driver is the Kernel Mode Driver (KMD) for the AIC100 family of AI
+accelerator products.
+
+Interrupts
+==========
+
+IRQ Storm Mitigation
+--------------------
+
+While the AIC100 DMA Bridge hardware implements an IRQ storm mitigation
+mechanism, it is still possible for an IRQ storm to occur. A storm can happen
+if the workload is particularly quick, and the host is responsive. If the host
+can drain the response FIFO as quickly as the device can insert elements into
+it, then the device will frequently transition the response FIFO from empty to
+non-empty and generate MSIs at a rate equivalent to the speed of the
+workload's ability to process inputs. The lprnet (license plate reader network)
+workload is known to trigger this condition, and can generate in excess of 100k
+MSIs per second. It has been observed that most systems cannot tolerate this
+for long, and will crash due to some form of watchdog due to the overhead of
+the interrupt controller interrupting the host CPU.
+
+To mitigate this issue, the QAIC driver implements specific IRQ handling. When
+QAIC receives an IRQ, it disables that line. This prevents the interrupt
+controller from interrupting the CPU. Then AIC drains the FIFO. Once the FIFO
+is drained, QAIC implements a "last chance" polling algorithm where QAIC will
+sleep for a time to see if the workload will generate more activity. The IRQ
+line remains disabled during this time. If no activity is detected, QAIC exits
+polling mode and reenables the IRQ line.
+
+This mitigation in QAIC is very effective. The same lprnet usecase that
+generates 100k IRQs per second (per /proc/interrupts) is reduced to roughly 64
+IRQs over 5 minutes while keeping the host system stable, and having the same
+workload throughput performance (within run to run noise variation).
+
+Single MSI Mode
+---------------
+
+MultiMSI is not well supported on all systems; virtualized ones even less so
+(circa 2023). Between hypervisors masking the PCIe MSI capability structure to
+large memory requirements for vIOMMUs (required for supporting MultiMSI), it is
+useful to be able to fall back to a single MSI when needed.
+
+To support this fallback, we allow the case where only one MSI is able to be
+allocated, and share that one MSI between MHI and the DBCs. The device detects
+when only one MSI has been configured and directs the interrupts for the DBCs
+to the interrupt normally used for MHI. Unfortunately this means that the
+interrupt handlers for every DBC and MHI wake up for every interrupt that
+arrives; however, the DBC threaded irq handlers only are started when work to be
+done is detected (MHI will always start its threaded handler).
+
+If the DBC is configured to force MSI interrupts, this can circumvent the
+software IRQ storm mitigation mentioned above. Since the MSI is shared it is
+never disabled, allowing each new entry to the FIFO to trigger a new interrupt.
+
+
+Neural Network Control (NNC) Protocol
+=====================================
+
+The implementation of NNC is split between the KMD (QAIC) and UMD. In general
+QAIC understands how to encode/decode NNC wire protocol, and elements of the
+protocol which require kernel space knowledge to process (for example, mapping
+host memory to device IOVAs). QAIC understands the structure of a message, and
+all of the transactions. QAIC does not understand commands (the payload of a
+passthrough transaction).
+
+QAIC handles and enforces the required little endianness and 64-bit alignment,
+to the degree that it can. Since QAIC does not know the contents of a
+passthrough transaction, it relies on the UMD to satisfy the requirements.
+
+The terminate transaction is of particular use to QAIC. QAIC is not aware of
+the resources that are loaded onto a device since the majority of that activity
+occurs within NNC commands. As a result, QAIC does not have the means to
+roll back userspace activity. To ensure that a userspace client's resources
+are fully released in the case of a process crash, or a bug, QAIC uses the
+terminate command to let QSM know when a user has gone away, and the resources
+can be released.
+
+QSM can report a version number of the NNC protocol it supports. This is in the
+form of a Major number and a Minor number.
+
+Major number updates indicate changes to the NNC protocol which impact the
+message format, or transactions (impacts QAIC).
+
+Minor number updates indicate changes to the NNC protocol which impact the
+commands (does not impact QAIC).
+
+uAPI
+====
+
+QAIC creates an accel device per physical PCIe device. This accel device exists
+for as long as the PCIe device is known to Linux.
+
+The PCIe device may not be in the state to accept requests from userspace at
+all times. QAIC will trigger KOBJ_ONLINE/OFFLINE uevents to advertise when the
+device can accept requests (ONLINE) and when the device is no longer accepting
+requests (OFFLINE) because of a reset or other state transition.
+
+QAIC defines a number of driver specific IOCTLs as part of the userspace API.
+
+DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_MANAGE
+ This IOCTL allows userspace to send a NNC request to the QSM. The call will
+ block until a response is received, or the request has timed out.
+
+DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_CREATE_BO
+ This IOCTL allows userspace to allocate a buffer object (BO) which can send
+ or receive data from a workload. The call will return a GEM handle that
+ represents the allocated buffer. The BO is not usable until it has been
+ sliced (see DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_ATTACH_SLICE_BO).
+
+DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_MMAP_BO
+ This IOCTL allows userspace to prepare an allocated BO to be mmap'd into the
+ userspace process.
+
+DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_ATTACH_SLICE_BO
+ This IOCTL allows userspace to slice a BO in preparation for sending the BO
+ to the device. Slicing is the operation of describing what portions of a BO
+ get sent where to a workload. This requires a set of DMA transfers for the
+ DMA Bridge, and as such, locks the BO to a specific DBC.
+
+DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_EXECUTE_BO
+ This IOCTL allows userspace to submit a set of sliced BOs to the device. The
+ call is non-blocking. Success only indicates that the BOs have been queued
+ to the device, but does not guarantee they have been executed.
+
+DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_PARTIAL_EXECUTE_BO
+ This IOCTL operates like DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_EXECUTE_BO, but it allows userspace
+ to shrink the BOs sent to the device for this specific call. If a BO
+ typically has N inputs, but only a subset of those is available, this IOCTL
+ allows userspace to indicate that only the first M bytes of the BO should be
+ sent to the device to minimize data transfer overhead. This IOCTL dynamically
+ recomputes the slicing, and therefore has some processing overhead before the
+ BOs can be queued to the device.
+
+DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_WAIT_BO
+ This IOCTL allows userspace to determine when a particular BO has been
+ processed by the device. The call will block until either the BO has been
+ processed and can be re-queued to the device, or a timeout occurs.
+
+DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_PERF_STATS_BO
+ This IOCTL allows userspace to collect performance statistics on the most
+ recent execution of a BO. This allows userspace to construct an end to end
+ timeline of the BO processing for a performance analysis.
+
+DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_DETACH_SLICE_BO
+ This IOCTL allows userspace to remove the slicing information from a BO that
+ was originally provided by a call to DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_ATTACH_SLICE_BO. This
+ is the inverse of DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_ATTACH_SLICE_BO. The BO must be idle for
+ DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_DETACH_SLICE_BO to be called. After a successful detach slice
+ operation the BO may have new slicing information attached with a new call
+ to DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_ATTACH_SLICE_BO. After detach slice, the BO cannot be
+ executed until after a new attach slice operation. Combining attach slice
+ and detach slice calls allows userspace to use a BO with multiple workloads.
+
+Userspace Client Isolation
+==========================
+
+AIC100 supports multiple clients. Multiple DBCs can be consumed by a single
+client, and multiple clients can each consume one or more DBCs. Workloads
+may contain sensitive information therefore only the client that owns the
+workload should be allowed to interface with the DBC.
+
+Clients are identified by the instance associated with their open(). A client
+may only use memory they allocate, and DBCs that are assigned to their
+workloads. Attempts to access resources assigned to other clients will be
+rejected.
+
+Module parameters
+=================
+
+QAIC supports the following module parameters:
+
+**datapath_polling (bool)**
+
+Configures QAIC to use a polling thread for datapath events instead of relying
+on the device interrupts. Useful for platforms with broken multiMSI. Must be
+set at QAIC driver initialization. Default is 0 (off).
+
+**mhi_timeout_ms (unsigned int)**
+
+Sets the timeout value for MHI operations in milliseconds (ms). Must be set
+at the time the driver detects a device. Default is 2000 (2 seconds).
+
+**control_resp_timeout_s (unsigned int)**
+
+Sets the timeout value for QSM responses to NNC messages in seconds (s). Must
+be set at the time the driver is sending a request to QSM. Default is 60 (one
+minute).
+
+**wait_exec_default_timeout_ms (unsigned int)**
+
+Sets the default timeout for the wait_exec ioctl in milliseconds (ms). Must be
+set prior to the waic_exec ioctl call. A value specified in the ioctl call
+overrides this for that call. Default is 5000 (5 seconds).
+
+**datapath_poll_interval_us (unsigned int)**
+
+Sets the polling interval in microseconds (us) when datapath polling is active.
+Takes effect at the next polling interval. Default is 100 (100 us).
+
+**timesync_delay_ms (unsigned int)**
+
+Sets the time interval in milliseconds (ms) between two consecutive timesync
+operations. Default is 1000 (1000 ms).
diff --git a/Documentation/accel/rocket/index.rst b/Documentation/accel/rocket/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..70f97bccf100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accel/rocket/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+=====================================
+ accel/rocket Rockchip NPU driver
+=====================================
+
+The accel/rocket driver supports the Neural Processing Units (NPUs) inside some
+Rockchip SoCs such as the RK3588. Rockchip calls it RKNN and sometimes RKNPU.
+
+The hardware is described in chapter 36 in the RK3588 TRM.
+
+This driver just powers the hardware on and off, allocates and maps buffers to
+the device and submits jobs to the frontend unit. Everything else is done in
+userspace, as a Gallium driver (also called rocket) that is part of the Mesa3D
+project.
+
+Hardware currently supported:
+
+* RK3588
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/Makefile b/Documentation/accounting/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 31929eb875b1..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/accounting/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# kbuild trick to avoid linker error. Can be omitted if a module is built.
-obj- := dummy.o
-
-# List of programs to build
-hostprogs-y := getdelays
-
-# Tell kbuild to always build the programs
-always := $(hostprogs-y)
-
-HOSTCFLAGS_getdelays.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/cgroupstats.rst b/Documentation/accounting/cgroupstats.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..85186e7d4035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accounting/cgroupstats.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+==================
+Control Groupstats
+==================
+
+Control Groupstats is inspired by the discussion at
+https://lore.kernel.org/r/461CF883.2030308@sw.ru and implements per cgroup statistics as
+suggested by Andrew Morton in https://lore.kernel.org/r/20070411114927.1277d7c9.akpm@linux-foundation.org.
+
+Per cgroup statistics infrastructure re-uses code from the taskstats
+interface. A new set of cgroup operations are registered with commands
+and attributes specific to cgroups. It should be very easy to
+extend per cgroup statistics, by adding members to the cgroupstats
+structure.
+
+The current model for cgroupstats is a pull, a push model (to post
+statistics on interesting events), should be very easy to add. Currently
+user space requests for statistics by passing the cgroup path.
+Statistics about the state of all the tasks in the cgroup is returned to
+user space.
+
+NOTE: We currently rely on delay accounting for extracting information
+about tasks blocked on I/O. If CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT is disabled, this
+information will not be available.
+
+To extract cgroup statistics a utility very similar to getdelays.c
+has been developed, the sample output of the utility is shown below::
+
+ ~/balbir/cgroupstats # ./getdelays -C "/sys/fs/cgroup/a"
+ sleeping 1, blocked 0, running 1, stopped 0, uninterruptible 0
+ ~/balbir/cgroupstats # ./getdelays -C "/sys/fs/cgroup"
+ sleeping 155, blocked 0, running 1, stopped 0, uninterruptible 2
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/cgroupstats.txt b/Documentation/accounting/cgroupstats.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index eda40fd39cad..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/accounting/cgroupstats.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-Control Groupstats is inspired by the discussion at
-http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/4/11/187 and implements per cgroup statistics as
-suggested by Andrew Morton in http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/4/11/263.
-
-Per cgroup statistics infrastructure re-uses code from the taskstats
-interface. A new set of cgroup operations are registered with commands
-and attributes specific to cgroups. It should be very easy to
-extend per cgroup statistics, by adding members to the cgroupstats
-structure.
-
-The current model for cgroupstats is a pull, a push model (to post
-statistics on interesting events), should be very easy to add. Currently
-user space requests for statistics by passing the cgroup path.
-Statistics about the state of all the tasks in the cgroup is returned to
-user space.
-
-NOTE: We currently rely on delay accounting for extracting information
-about tasks blocked on I/O. If CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT is disabled, this
-information will not be available.
-
-To extract cgroup statistics a utility very similar to getdelays.c
-has been developed, the sample output of the utility is shown below
-
-~/balbir/cgroupstats # ./getdelays -C "/cgroup/a"
-sleeping 1, blocked 0, running 1, stopped 0, uninterruptible 0
-~/balbir/cgroupstats # ./getdelays -C "/cgroup"
-sleeping 155, blocked 0, running 1, stopped 0, uninterruptible 2
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/delay-accounting.rst b/Documentation/accounting/delay-accounting.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..86d7902a657f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accounting/delay-accounting.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+================
+Delay accounting
+================
+
+Tasks encounter delays in execution when they wait
+for some kernel resource to become available e.g. a
+runnable task may wait for a free CPU to run on.
+
+The per-task delay accounting functionality measures
+the delays experienced by a task while
+
+a) waiting for a CPU (while being runnable)
+b) completion of synchronous block I/O initiated by the task
+c) swapping in pages
+d) memory reclaim
+e) thrashing
+f) direct compact
+g) write-protect copy
+h) IRQ/SOFTIRQ
+
+and makes these statistics available to userspace through
+the taskstats interface.
+
+Such delays provide feedback for setting a task's cpu priority,
+io priority and rss limit values appropriately. Long delays for
+important tasks could be a trigger for raising its corresponding priority.
+
+The functionality, through its use of the taskstats interface, also provides
+delay statistics aggregated for all tasks (or threads) belonging to a
+thread group (corresponding to a traditional Unix process). This is a commonly
+needed aggregation that is more efficiently done by the kernel.
+
+Userspace utilities, particularly resource management applications, can also
+aggregate delay statistics into arbitrary groups. To enable this, delay
+statistics of a task are available both during its lifetime as well as on its
+exit, ensuring continuous and complete monitoring can be done.
+
+
+Interface
+---------
+
+Delay accounting uses the taskstats interface which is described
+in detail in a separate document in this directory. Taskstats returns a
+generic data structure to userspace corresponding to per-pid and per-tgid
+statistics. The delay accounting functionality populates specific fields of
+this structure. See
+
+ include/uapi/linux/taskstats.h
+
+for a description of the fields pertaining to delay accounting.
+It will generally be in the form of counters returning the cumulative
+delay seen for cpu, sync block I/O, swapin, memory reclaim, thrash page
+cache, direct compact, write-protect copy, IRQ/SOFTIRQ etc.
+
+Taking the difference of two successive readings of a given
+counter (say cpu_delay_total) for a task will give the delay
+experienced by the task waiting for the corresponding resource
+in that interval.
+
+When a task exits, records containing the per-task statistics
+are sent to userspace without requiring a command. If it is the last exiting
+task of a thread group, the per-tgid statistics are also sent. More details
+are given in the taskstats interface description.
+
+The getdelays.c userspace utility in tools/accounting directory allows simple
+commands to be run and the corresponding delay statistics to be displayed. It
+also serves as an example of using the taskstats interface.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+Compile the kernel with::
+
+ CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT=y
+ CONFIG_TASKSTATS=y
+
+Delay accounting is disabled by default at boot up.
+To enable, add::
+
+ delayacct
+
+to the kernel boot options. The rest of the instructions below assume this has
+been done. Alternatively, use sysctl kernel.task_delayacct to switch the state
+at runtime. Note however that only tasks started after enabling it will have
+delayacct information.
+
+After the system has booted up, use a utility
+similar to getdelays.c to access the delays
+seen by a given task or a task group (tgid).
+The utility also allows a given command to be
+executed and the corresponding delays to be
+seen.
+
+General format of the getdelays command::
+
+ getdelays [-dilv] [-t tgid] [-p pid]
+
+Get delays, since system boot, for pid 10::
+
+ # ./getdelays -d -p 10
+ (output similar to next case)
+
+Get sum and peak of delays, since system boot, for all pids with tgid 242::
+
+ bash-4.4# ./getdelays -d -t 242
+ print delayacct stats ON
+ TGID 242
+
+
+ CPU count real total virtual total delay total delay average delay max delay min
+ 39 156000000 156576579 2111069 0.054ms 0.212296ms 0.031307ms
+ IO count delay total delay average delay max delay min
+ 0 0 0.000ms 0.000000ms 0.000000ms
+ SWAP count delay total delay average delay max delay min
+ 0 0 0.000ms 0.000000ms 0.000000ms
+ RECLAIM count delay total delay average delay max delay min
+ 0 0 0.000ms 0.000000ms 0.000000ms
+ THRASHING count delay total delay average delay max delay min
+ 0 0 0.000ms 0.000000ms 0.000000ms
+ COMPACT count delay total delay average delay max delay min
+ 0 0 0.000ms 0.000000ms 0.000000ms
+ WPCOPY count delay total delay average delay max delay min
+ 156 11215873 0.072ms 0.207403ms 0.033913ms
+ IRQ count delay total delay average delay max delay min
+ 0 0 0.000ms 0.000000ms 0.000000ms
+
+Get IO accounting for pid 1, it works only with -p::
+
+ # ./getdelays -i -p 1
+ printing IO accounting
+ linuxrc: read=65536, write=0, cancelled_write=0
+
+The above command can be used with -v to get more debug information.
+
+After the system starts, use `delaytop` to get the system-wide delay information,
+which includes system-wide PSI information and Top-N high-latency tasks.
+Note: PSI support requires `CONFIG_PSI=y` and `psi=1` for full functionality.
+
+`delaytop` is an interactive tool for monitoring system pressure and task delays.
+It supports multiple sorting options, display modes, and real-time keyboard controls.
+
+Basic usage with default settings (sorts by CPU delay, shows top 20 tasks, refreshes every 2 seconds)::
+
+ bash# ./delaytop
+ System Pressure Information: (avg10/avg60vg300/total)
+ CPU some: 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 106137(ms)
+ CPU full: 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0(ms)
+ Memory full: 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0(ms)
+ Memory some: 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0(ms)
+ IO full: 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 2240(ms)
+ IO some: 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 2783(ms)
+ IRQ full: 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0.0%/ 0(ms)
+ [o]sort [M]memverbose [q]quit
+ Top 20 processes (sorted by cpu delay):
+ PID TGID COMMAND CPU(ms) IO(ms) IRQ(ms) MEM(ms)
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 110 110 kworker/15:0H-s 27.91 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 57 57 cpuhp/7 3.18 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 99 99 cpuhp/14 2.97 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 51 51 cpuhp/6 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 44 44 kworker/4:0H-sy 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 60 60 ksoftirqd/7 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 76 76 idle_inject/10 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 100 100 idle_inject/14 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 1309 1309 systemsettings 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 45 45 cpuhp/5 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 63 63 cpuhp/8 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 87 87 cpuhp/12 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 93 93 cpuhp/13 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 1265 1265 acpid 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 1552 1552 sshd 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 2584 2584 sddm-helper 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 1284 1284 rtkit-daemon 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 1326 1326 nde-netfilter 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 27 27 cpuhp/2 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00
+ 631 631 kworker/11:2-rc 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
+
+Interactive keyboard controls during runtime::
+
+ o - Select sort field (CPU, IO, IRQ, Memory, etc.)
+ M - Toggle display mode (Default/Memory Verbose)
+ q - Quit
+
+Available sort fields(use -s/--sort or interactive command)::
+
+ cpu(c) - CPU delay
+ blkio(i) - I/O delay
+ irq(q) - IRQ delay
+ mem(m) - Total memory delay
+ swapin(s) - Swapin delay (memory verbose mode only)
+ freepages(r) - Freepages reclaim delay (memory verbose mode only)
+ thrashing(t) - Thrashing delay (memory verbose mode only)
+ compact(p) - Compaction delay (memory verbose mode only)
+ wpcopy(w) - Write page copy delay (memory verbose mode only)
+
+Advanced usage examples::
+
+ # ./delaytop -s blkio
+ Sorted by IO delay
+
+ # ./delaytop -s mem -M
+ Sorted by memory delay in memory verbose mode
+
+ # ./delaytop -p pid
+ Print delayacct stats
+
+ # ./delaytop -P num
+ Display the top N tasks
+
+ # ./delaytop -n num
+ Set delaytop refresh frequency (num times)
+
+ # ./delaytop -d secs
+ Specify refresh interval as secs
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/delay-accounting.txt b/Documentation/accounting/delay-accounting.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a12f0730c94..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/accounting/delay-accounting.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-Delay accounting
-----------------
-
-Tasks encounter delays in execution when they wait
-for some kernel resource to become available e.g. a
-runnable task may wait for a free CPU to run on.
-
-The per-task delay accounting functionality measures
-the delays experienced by a task while
-
-a) waiting for a CPU (while being runnable)
-b) completion of synchronous block I/O initiated by the task
-c) swapping in pages
-d) memory reclaim
-
-and makes these statistics available to userspace through
-the taskstats interface.
-
-Such delays provide feedback for setting a task's cpu priority,
-io priority and rss limit values appropriately. Long delays for
-important tasks could be a trigger for raising its corresponding priority.
-
-The functionality, through its use of the taskstats interface, also provides
-delay statistics aggregated for all tasks (or threads) belonging to a
-thread group (corresponding to a traditional Unix process). This is a commonly
-needed aggregation that is more efficiently done by the kernel.
-
-Userspace utilities, particularly resource management applications, can also
-aggregate delay statistics into arbitrary groups. To enable this, delay
-statistics of a task are available both during its lifetime as well as on its
-exit, ensuring continuous and complete monitoring can be done.
-
-
-Interface
----------
-
-Delay accounting uses the taskstats interface which is described
-in detail in a separate document in this directory. Taskstats returns a
-generic data structure to userspace corresponding to per-pid and per-tgid
-statistics. The delay accounting functionality populates specific fields of
-this structure. See
- include/linux/taskstats.h
-for a description of the fields pertaining to delay accounting.
-It will generally be in the form of counters returning the cumulative
-delay seen for cpu, sync block I/O, swapin, memory reclaim etc.
-
-Taking the difference of two successive readings of a given
-counter (say cpu_delay_total) for a task will give the delay
-experienced by the task waiting for the corresponding resource
-in that interval.
-
-When a task exits, records containing the per-task statistics
-are sent to userspace without requiring a command. If it is the last exiting
-task of a thread group, the per-tgid statistics are also sent. More details
-are given in the taskstats interface description.
-
-The getdelays.c userspace utility in this directory allows simple commands to
-be run and the corresponding delay statistics to be displayed. It also serves
-as an example of using the taskstats interface.
-
-Usage
------
-
-Compile the kernel with
- CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT=y
- CONFIG_TASKSTATS=y
-
-Delay accounting is enabled by default at boot up.
-To disable, add
- nodelayacct
-to the kernel boot options. The rest of the instructions
-below assume this has not been done.
-
-After the system has booted up, use a utility
-similar to getdelays.c to access the delays
-seen by a given task or a task group (tgid).
-The utility also allows a given command to be
-executed and the corresponding delays to be
-seen.
-
-General format of the getdelays command
-
-getdelays [-t tgid] [-p pid] [-c cmd...]
-
-
-Get delays, since system boot, for pid 10
-# ./getdelays -p 10
-(output similar to next case)
-
-Get sum of delays, since system boot, for all pids with tgid 5
-# ./getdelays -t 5
-
-
-CPU count real total virtual total delay total
- 7876 92005750 100000000 24001500
-IO count delay total
- 0 0
-SWAP count delay total
- 0 0
-RECLAIM count delay total
- 0 0
-
-Get delays seen in executing a given simple command
-# ./getdelays -c ls /
-
-bin data1 data3 data5 dev home media opt root srv sys usr
-boot data2 data4 data6 etc lib mnt proc sbin subdomain tmp var
-
-
-CPU count real total virtual total delay total
- 6 4000250 4000000 0
-IO count delay total
- 0 0
-SWAP count delay total
- 0 0
-RECLAIM count delay total
- 0 0
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c b/Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c
deleted file mode 100644
index cc49400b4af8..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,501 +0,0 @@
-/* getdelays.c
- *
- * Utility to get per-pid and per-tgid delay accounting statistics
- * Also illustrates usage of the taskstats interface
- *
- * Copyright (C) Shailabh Nagar, IBM Corp. 2005
- * Copyright (C) Balbir Singh, IBM Corp. 2006
- * Copyright (c) Jay Lan, SGI. 2006
- *
- * Compile with
- * gcc -I/usr/src/linux/include getdelays.c -o getdelays
- */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <poll.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-
-#include <linux/genetlink.h>
-#include <linux/taskstats.h>
-#include <linux/cgroupstats.h>
-
-/*
- * Generic macros for dealing with netlink sockets. Might be duplicated
- * elsewhere. It is recommended that commercial grade applications use
- * libnl or libnetlink and use the interfaces provided by the library
- */
-#define GENLMSG_DATA(glh) ((void *)(NLMSG_DATA(glh) + GENL_HDRLEN))
-#define GENLMSG_PAYLOAD(glh) (NLMSG_PAYLOAD(glh, 0) - GENL_HDRLEN)
-#define NLA_DATA(na) ((void *)((char*)(na) + NLA_HDRLEN))
-#define NLA_PAYLOAD(len) (len - NLA_HDRLEN)
-
-#define err(code, fmt, arg...) \
- do { \
- fprintf(stderr, fmt, ##arg); \
- exit(code); \
- } while (0)
-
-int done;
-int rcvbufsz;
-char name[100];
-int dbg;
-int print_delays;
-int print_io_accounting;
-int print_task_context_switch_counts;
-__u64 stime, utime;
-
-#define PRINTF(fmt, arg...) { \
- if (dbg) { \
- printf(fmt, ##arg); \
- } \
- }
-
-/* Maximum size of response requested or message sent */
-#define MAX_MSG_SIZE 1024
-/* Maximum number of cpus expected to be specified in a cpumask */
-#define MAX_CPUS 32
-
-struct msgtemplate {
- struct nlmsghdr n;
- struct genlmsghdr g;
- char buf[MAX_MSG_SIZE];
-};
-
-char cpumask[100+6*MAX_CPUS];
-
-static void usage(void)
-{
- fprintf(stderr, "getdelays [-dilv] [-w logfile] [-r bufsize] "
- "[-m cpumask] [-t tgid] [-p pid]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " -d: print delayacct stats\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " -i: print IO accounting (works only with -p)\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " -l: listen forever\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " -v: debug on\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " -C: container path\n");
-}
-
-/*
- * Create a raw netlink socket and bind
- */
-static int create_nl_socket(int protocol)
-{
- int fd;
- struct sockaddr_nl local;
-
- fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, protocol);
- if (fd < 0)
- return -1;
-
- if (rcvbufsz)
- if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
- &rcvbufsz, sizeof(rcvbufsz)) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Unable to set socket rcv buf size "
- "to %d\n",
- rcvbufsz);
- return -1;
- }
-
- memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
- local.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
-
- if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &local, sizeof(local)) < 0)
- goto error;
-
- return fd;
-error:
- close(fd);
- return -1;
-}
-
-
-int send_cmd(int sd, __u16 nlmsg_type, __u32 nlmsg_pid,
- __u8 genl_cmd, __u16 nla_type,
- void *nla_data, int nla_len)
-{
- struct nlattr *na;
- struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
- int r, buflen;
- char *buf;
-
- struct msgtemplate msg;
-
- msg.n.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(GENL_HDRLEN);
- msg.n.nlmsg_type = nlmsg_type;
- msg.n.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
- msg.n.nlmsg_seq = 0;
- msg.n.nlmsg_pid = nlmsg_pid;
- msg.g.cmd = genl_cmd;
- msg.g.version = 0x1;
- na = (struct nlattr *) GENLMSG_DATA(&msg);
- na->nla_type = nla_type;
- na->nla_len = nla_len + 1 + NLA_HDRLEN;
- memcpy(NLA_DATA(na), nla_data, nla_len);
- msg.n.nlmsg_len += NLMSG_ALIGN(na->nla_len);
-
- buf = (char *) &msg;
- buflen = msg.n.nlmsg_len ;
- memset(&nladdr, 0, sizeof(nladdr));
- nladdr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
- while ((r = sendto(sd, buf, buflen, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &nladdr,
- sizeof(nladdr))) < buflen) {
- if (r > 0) {
- buf += r;
- buflen -= r;
- } else if (errno != EAGAIN)
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Probe the controller in genetlink to find the family id
- * for the TASKSTATS family
- */
-int get_family_id(int sd)
-{
- struct {
- struct nlmsghdr n;
- struct genlmsghdr g;
- char buf[256];
- } ans;
-
- int id = 0, rc;
- struct nlattr *na;
- int rep_len;
-
- strcpy(name, TASKSTATS_GENL_NAME);
- rc = send_cmd(sd, GENL_ID_CTRL, getpid(), CTRL_CMD_GETFAMILY,
- CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_NAME, (void *)name,
- strlen(TASKSTATS_GENL_NAME)+1);
-
- rep_len = recv(sd, &ans, sizeof(ans), 0);
- if (ans.n.nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR ||
- (rep_len < 0) || !NLMSG_OK((&ans.n), rep_len))
- return 0;
-
- na = (struct nlattr *) GENLMSG_DATA(&ans);
- na = (struct nlattr *) ((char *) na + NLA_ALIGN(na->nla_len));
- if (na->nla_type == CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_ID) {
- id = *(__u16 *) NLA_DATA(na);
- }
- return id;
-}
-
-void print_delayacct(struct taskstats *t)
-{
- printf("\n\nCPU %15s%15s%15s%15s\n"
- " %15llu%15llu%15llu%15llu\n"
- "IO %15s%15s\n"
- " %15llu%15llu\n"
- "SWAP %15s%15s\n"
- " %15llu%15llu\n"
- "RECLAIM %12s%15s\n"
- " %15llu%15llu\n",
- "count", "real total", "virtual total", "delay total",
- (unsigned long long)t->cpu_count,
- (unsigned long long)t->cpu_run_real_total,
- (unsigned long long)t->cpu_run_virtual_total,
- (unsigned long long)t->cpu_delay_total,
- "count", "delay total",
- (unsigned long long)t->blkio_count,
- (unsigned long long)t->blkio_delay_total,
- "count", "delay total",
- (unsigned long long)t->swapin_count,
- (unsigned long long)t->swapin_delay_total,
- "count", "delay total",
- (unsigned long long)t->freepages_count,
- (unsigned long long)t->freepages_delay_total);
-}
-
-void task_context_switch_counts(struct taskstats *t)
-{
- printf("\n\nTask %15s%15s\n"
- " %15llu%15llu\n",
- "voluntary", "nonvoluntary",
- (unsigned long long)t->nvcsw, (unsigned long long)t->nivcsw);
-}
-
-void print_cgroupstats(struct cgroupstats *c)
-{
- printf("sleeping %llu, blocked %llu, running %llu, stopped %llu, "
- "uninterruptible %llu\n", (unsigned long long)c->nr_sleeping,
- (unsigned long long)c->nr_io_wait,
- (unsigned long long)c->nr_running,
- (unsigned long long)c->nr_stopped,
- (unsigned long long)c->nr_uninterruptible);
-}
-
-
-void print_ioacct(struct taskstats *t)
-{
- printf("%s: read=%llu, write=%llu, cancelled_write=%llu\n",
- t->ac_comm,
- (unsigned long long)t->read_bytes,
- (unsigned long long)t->write_bytes,
- (unsigned long long)t->cancelled_write_bytes);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
- int c, rc, rep_len, aggr_len, len2, cmd_type;
- __u16 id;
- __u32 mypid;
-
- struct nlattr *na;
- int nl_sd = -1;
- int len = 0;
- pid_t tid = 0;
- pid_t rtid = 0;
-
- int fd = 0;
- int count = 0;
- int write_file = 0;
- int maskset = 0;
- char *logfile = NULL;
- int loop = 0;
- int containerset = 0;
- char containerpath[1024];
- int cfd = 0;
-
- struct msgtemplate msg;
-
- while (1) {
- c = getopt(argc, argv, "qdiw:r:m:t:p:vlC:");
- if (c < 0)
- break;
-
- switch (c) {
- case 'd':
- printf("print delayacct stats ON\n");
- print_delays = 1;
- break;
- case 'i':
- printf("printing IO accounting\n");
- print_io_accounting = 1;
- break;
- case 'q':
- printf("printing task/process context switch rates\n");
- print_task_context_switch_counts = 1;
- break;
- case 'C':
- containerset = 1;
- strncpy(containerpath, optarg, strlen(optarg) + 1);
- break;
- case 'w':
- logfile = strdup(optarg);
- printf("write to file %s\n", logfile);
- write_file = 1;
- break;
- case 'r':
- rcvbufsz = atoi(optarg);
- printf("receive buf size %d\n", rcvbufsz);
- if (rcvbufsz < 0)
- err(1, "Invalid rcv buf size\n");
- break;
- case 'm':
- strncpy(cpumask, optarg, sizeof(cpumask));
- maskset = 1;
- printf("cpumask %s maskset %d\n", cpumask, maskset);
- break;
- case 't':
- tid = atoi(optarg);
- if (!tid)
- err(1, "Invalid tgid\n");
- cmd_type = TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_TGID;
- break;
- case 'p':
- tid = atoi(optarg);
- if (!tid)
- err(1, "Invalid pid\n");
- cmd_type = TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID;
- break;
- case 'v':
- printf("debug on\n");
- dbg = 1;
- break;
- case 'l':
- printf("listen forever\n");
- loop = 1;
- break;
- default:
- usage();
- exit(-1);
- }
- }
-
- if (write_file) {
- fd = open(logfile, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,
- S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH);
- if (fd == -1) {
- perror("Cannot open output file\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- }
-
- if ((nl_sd = create_nl_socket(NETLINK_GENERIC)) < 0)
- err(1, "error creating Netlink socket\n");
-
-
- mypid = getpid();
- id = get_family_id(nl_sd);
- if (!id) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error getting family id, errno %d\n", errno);
- goto err;
- }
- PRINTF("family id %d\n", id);
-
- if (maskset) {
- rc = send_cmd(nl_sd, id, mypid, TASKSTATS_CMD_GET,
- TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_REGISTER_CPUMASK,
- &cpumask, strlen(cpumask) + 1);
- PRINTF("Sent register cpumask, retval %d\n", rc);
- if (rc < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "error sending register cpumask\n");
- goto err;
- }
- }
-
- if (tid && containerset) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Select either -t or -C, not both\n");
- goto err;
- }
-
- if (tid) {
- rc = send_cmd(nl_sd, id, mypid, TASKSTATS_CMD_GET,
- cmd_type, &tid, sizeof(__u32));
- PRINTF("Sent pid/tgid, retval %d\n", rc);
- if (rc < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "error sending tid/tgid cmd\n");
- goto done;
- }
- }
-
- if (containerset) {
- cfd = open(containerpath, O_RDONLY);
- if (cfd < 0) {
- perror("error opening container file");
- goto err;
- }
- rc = send_cmd(nl_sd, id, mypid, CGROUPSTATS_CMD_GET,
- CGROUPSTATS_CMD_ATTR_FD, &cfd, sizeof(__u32));
- if (rc < 0) {
- perror("error sending cgroupstats command");
- goto err;
- }
- }
-
- do {
- int i;
-
- rep_len = recv(nl_sd, &msg, sizeof(msg), 0);
- PRINTF("received %d bytes\n", rep_len);
-
- if (rep_len < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "nonfatal reply error: errno %d\n",
- errno);
- continue;
- }
- if (msg.n.nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR ||
- !NLMSG_OK((&msg.n), rep_len)) {
- struct nlmsgerr *err = NLMSG_DATA(&msg);
- fprintf(stderr, "fatal reply error, errno %d\n",
- err->error);
- goto done;
- }
-
- PRINTF("nlmsghdr size=%zu, nlmsg_len=%d, rep_len=%d\n",
- sizeof(struct nlmsghdr), msg.n.nlmsg_len, rep_len);
-
-
- rep_len = GENLMSG_PAYLOAD(&msg.n);
-
- na = (struct nlattr *) GENLMSG_DATA(&msg);
- len = 0;
- i = 0;
- while (len < rep_len) {
- len += NLA_ALIGN(na->nla_len);
- switch (na->nla_type) {
- case TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_TGID:
- /* Fall through */
- case TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID:
- aggr_len = NLA_PAYLOAD(na->nla_len);
- len2 = 0;
- /* For nested attributes, na follows */
- na = (struct nlattr *) NLA_DATA(na);
- done = 0;
- while (len2 < aggr_len) {
- switch (na->nla_type) {
- case TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID:
- rtid = *(int *) NLA_DATA(na);
- if (print_delays)
- printf("PID\t%d\n", rtid);
- break;
- case TASKSTATS_TYPE_TGID:
- rtid = *(int *) NLA_DATA(na);
- if (print_delays)
- printf("TGID\t%d\n", rtid);
- break;
- case TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS:
- count++;
- if (print_delays)
- print_delayacct((struct taskstats *) NLA_DATA(na));
- if (print_io_accounting)
- print_ioacct((struct taskstats *) NLA_DATA(na));
- if (print_task_context_switch_counts)
- task_context_switch_counts((struct taskstats *) NLA_DATA(na));
- if (fd) {
- if (write(fd, NLA_DATA(na), na->nla_len) < 0) {
- err(1,"write error\n");
- }
- }
- if (!loop)
- goto done;
- break;
- default:
- fprintf(stderr, "Unknown nested"
- " nla_type %d\n",
- na->nla_type);
- break;
- }
- len2 += NLA_ALIGN(na->nla_len);
- na = (struct nlattr *) ((char *) na + len2);
- }
- break;
-
- case CGROUPSTATS_TYPE_CGROUP_STATS:
- print_cgroupstats(NLA_DATA(na));
- break;
- default:
- fprintf(stderr, "Unknown nla_type %d\n",
- na->nla_type);
- break;
- }
- na = (struct nlattr *) (GENLMSG_DATA(&msg) + len);
- }
- } while (loop);
-done:
- if (maskset) {
- rc = send_cmd(nl_sd, id, mypid, TASKSTATS_CMD_GET,
- TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_DEREGISTER_CPUMASK,
- &cpumask, strlen(cpumask) + 1);
- printf("Sent deregister mask, retval %d\n", rc);
- if (rc < 0)
- err(rc, "error sending deregister cpumask\n");
- }
-err:
- close(nl_sd);
- if (fd)
- close(fd);
- if (cfd)
- close(cfd);
- return 0;
-}
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/index.rst b/Documentation/accounting/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9369d8bf32be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accounting/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==========
+Accounting
+==========
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ cgroupstats
+ delay-accounting
+ psi
+ taskstats
+ taskstats-struct
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/psi.rst b/Documentation/accounting/psi.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d455db3e5808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accounting/psi.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+.. _psi:
+
+================================
+PSI - Pressure Stall Information
+================================
+
+:Date: April, 2018
+:Author: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
+
+When CPU, memory or IO devices are contended, workloads experience
+latency spikes, throughput losses, and run the risk of OOM kills.
+
+Without an accurate measure of such contention, users are forced to
+either play it safe and under-utilize their hardware resources, or
+roll the dice and frequently suffer the disruptions resulting from
+excessive overcommit.
+
+The psi feature identifies and quantifies the disruptions caused by
+such resource crunches and the time impact it has on complex workloads
+or even entire systems.
+
+Having an accurate measure of productivity losses caused by resource
+scarcity aids users in sizing workloads to hardware--or provisioning
+hardware according to workload demand.
+
+As psi aggregates this information in realtime, systems can be managed
+dynamically using techniques such as load shedding, migrating jobs to
+other systems or data centers, or strategically pausing or killing low
+priority or restartable batch jobs.
+
+This allows maximizing hardware utilization without sacrificing
+workload health or risking major disruptions such as OOM kills.
+
+Pressure interface
+==================
+
+Pressure information for each resource is exported through the
+respective file in /proc/pressure/ -- cpu, memory, and io.
+
+The format is as such::
+
+ some avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=0
+ full avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=0
+
+The "some" line indicates the share of time in which at least some
+tasks are stalled on a given resource.
+
+The "full" line indicates the share of time in which all non-idle
+tasks are stalled on a given resource simultaneously. In this state
+actual CPU cycles are going to waste, and a workload that spends
+extended time in this state is considered to be thrashing. This has
+severe impact on performance, and it's useful to distinguish this
+situation from a state where some tasks are stalled but the CPU is
+still doing productive work. As such, time spent in this subset of the
+stall state is tracked separately and exported in the "full" averages.
+
+CPU full is undefined at the system level, but has been reported
+since 5.13, so it is set to zero for backward compatibility.
+
+The ratios (in %) are tracked as recent trends over ten, sixty, and
+three hundred second windows, which gives insight into short term events
+as well as medium and long term trends. The total absolute stall time
+(in us) is tracked and exported as well, to allow detection of latency
+spikes which wouldn't necessarily make a dent in the time averages,
+or to average trends over custom time frames.
+
+Monitoring for pressure thresholds
+==================================
+
+Users can register triggers and use poll() to be woken up when resource
+pressure exceeds certain thresholds.
+
+A trigger describes the maximum cumulative stall time over a specific
+time window, e.g. 100ms of total stall time within any 500ms window to
+generate a wakeup event.
+
+To register a trigger user has to open psi interface file under
+/proc/pressure/ representing the resource to be monitored and write the
+desired threshold and time window. The open file descriptor should be
+used to wait for trigger events using select(), poll() or epoll().
+The following format is used::
+
+ <some|full> <stall amount in us> <time window in us>
+
+For example writing "some 150000 1000000" into /proc/pressure/memory
+would add 150ms threshold for partial memory stall measured within
+1sec time window. Writing "full 50000 1000000" into /proc/pressure/io
+would add 50ms threshold for full io stall measured within 1sec time window.
+
+Triggers can be set on more than one psi metric and more than one trigger
+for the same psi metric can be specified. However for each trigger a separate
+file descriptor is required to be able to poll it separately from others,
+therefore for each trigger a separate open() syscall should be made even
+when opening the same psi interface file. Write operations to a file descriptor
+with an already existing psi trigger will fail with EBUSY.
+
+Monitors activate only when system enters stall state for the monitored
+psi metric and deactivates upon exit from the stall state. While system is
+in the stall state psi signal growth is monitored at a rate of 10 times per
+tracking window.
+
+The kernel accepts window sizes ranging from 500ms to 10s, therefore min
+monitoring update interval is 50ms and max is 1s. Min limit is set to
+prevent overly frequent polling. Max limit is chosen as a high enough number
+after which monitors are most likely not needed and psi averages can be used
+instead.
+
+Unprivileged users can also create monitors, with the only limitation that the
+window size must be a multiple of 2s, in order to prevent excessive resource
+usage.
+
+When activated, psi monitor stays active for at least the duration of one
+tracking window to avoid repeated activations/deactivations when system is
+bouncing in and out of the stall state.
+
+Notifications to the userspace are rate-limited to one per tracking window.
+
+The trigger will de-register when the file descriptor used to define the
+trigger is closed.
+
+Userspace monitor usage example
+===============================
+
+::
+
+ #include <errno.h>
+ #include <fcntl.h>
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ #include <poll.h>
+ #include <string.h>
+ #include <unistd.h>
+
+ /*
+ * Monitor memory partial stall with 1s tracking window size
+ * and 150ms threshold.
+ */
+ int main() {
+ const char trig[] = "some 150000 1000000";
+ struct pollfd fds;
+ int n;
+
+ fds.fd = open("/proc/pressure/memory", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
+ if (fds.fd < 0) {
+ printf("/proc/pressure/memory open error: %s\n",
+ strerror(errno));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ fds.events = POLLPRI;
+
+ if (write(fds.fd, trig, strlen(trig) + 1) < 0) {
+ printf("/proc/pressure/memory write error: %s\n",
+ strerror(errno));
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ printf("waiting for events...\n");
+ while (1) {
+ n = poll(&fds, 1, -1);
+ if (n < 0) {
+ printf("poll error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ if (fds.revents & POLLERR) {
+ printf("got POLLERR, event source is gone\n");
+ return 0;
+ }
+ if (fds.revents & POLLPRI) {
+ printf("event triggered!\n");
+ } else {
+ printf("unknown event received: 0x%x\n", fds.revents);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+Cgroup2 interface
+=================
+
+In a system with a CONFIG_CGROUPS=y kernel and the cgroup2 filesystem
+mounted, pressure stall information is also tracked for tasks grouped
+into cgroups. Each subdirectory in the cgroupfs mountpoint contains
+cpu.pressure, memory.pressure, and io.pressure files; the format is
+the same as the /proc/pressure/ files.
+
+Per-cgroup psi monitors can be specified and used the same way as
+system-wide ones.
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.rst b/Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..acca51c34157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+====================
+The struct taskstats
+====================
+
+This document contains an explanation of the struct taskstats fields.
+
+There are three different groups of fields in the struct taskstats:
+
+1) Common and basic accounting fields
+ If CONFIG_TASKSTATS is set, the taskstats interface is enabled and
+ the common fields and basic accounting fields are collected for
+ delivery at do_exit() of a task.
+2) Delay accounting fields
+ These fields are placed between::
+
+ /* Delay accounting fields start */
+
+ and::
+
+ /* Delay accounting fields end */
+
+ Their values are collected if CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT is set.
+3) Extended accounting fields
+ These fields are placed between::
+
+ /* Extended accounting fields start */
+
+ and::
+
+ /* Extended accounting fields end */
+
+ Their values are collected if CONFIG_TASK_XACCT is set.
+
+4) Per-task and per-thread context switch count statistics
+
+5) Time accounting for SMT machines
+
+6) Extended delay accounting fields for memory reclaim
+
+Future extension should add fields to the end of the taskstats struct, and
+should not change the relative position of each field within the struct.
+
+::
+
+ struct taskstats {
+
+1) Common and basic accounting fields::
+
+ /* The version number of this struct. This field is always set to
+ * TASKSTATS_VERSION, which is defined in <linux/taskstats.h>.
+ * Each time the struct is changed, the value should be incremented.
+ */
+ __u16 version;
+
+ /* The exit code of a task. */
+ __u32 ac_exitcode; /* Exit status */
+
+ /* The accounting flags of a task as defined in <linux/acct.h>
+ * Defined values are AFORK, ASU, ACOMPAT, ACORE, and AXSIG.
+ */
+ __u8 ac_flag; /* Record flags */
+
+ /* The value of task_nice() of a task. */
+ __u8 ac_nice; /* task_nice */
+
+ /* The name of the command that started this task. */
+ char ac_comm[TS_COMM_LEN]; /* Command name */
+
+ /* The scheduling discipline as set in task->policy field. */
+ __u8 ac_sched; /* Scheduling discipline */
+
+ __u8 ac_pad[3];
+ __u32 ac_uid; /* User ID */
+ __u32 ac_gid; /* Group ID */
+ __u32 ac_pid; /* Process ID */
+ __u32 ac_ppid; /* Parent process ID */
+
+ /* The time when a task begins, in [secs] since 1970. */
+ __u32 ac_btime; /* Begin time [sec since 1970] */
+
+ /* The elapsed time of a task, in [usec]. */
+ __u64 ac_etime; /* Elapsed time [usec] */
+
+ /* The user CPU time of a task, in [usec]. */
+ __u64 ac_utime; /* User CPU time [usec] */
+
+ /* The system CPU time of a task, in [usec]. */
+ __u64 ac_stime; /* System CPU time [usec] */
+
+ /* The minor page fault count of a task, as set in task->min_flt. */
+ __u64 ac_minflt; /* Minor Page Fault Count */
+
+ /* The major page fault count of a task, as set in task->maj_flt. */
+ __u64 ac_majflt; /* Major Page Fault Count */
+
+
+2) Delay accounting fields::
+
+ /* Delay accounting fields start
+ *
+ * All values, until the comment "Delay accounting fields end" are
+ * available only if delay accounting is enabled, even though the last
+ * few fields are not delays
+ *
+ * xxx_count is the number of delay values recorded
+ * xxx_delay_total is the corresponding cumulative delay in nanoseconds
+ *
+ * xxx_delay_total wraps around to zero on overflow
+ * xxx_count incremented regardless of overflow
+ */
+
+ /* Delay waiting for cpu, while runnable
+ * count, delay_total NOT updated atomically
+ */
+ __u64 cpu_count;
+ __u64 cpu_delay_total;
+
+ /* Following four fields atomically updated using task->delays->lock */
+
+ /* Delay waiting for synchronous block I/O to complete
+ * does not account for delays in I/O submission
+ */
+ __u64 blkio_count;
+ __u64 blkio_delay_total;
+
+ /* Delay waiting for page fault I/O (swap in only) */
+ __u64 swapin_count;
+ __u64 swapin_delay_total;
+
+ /* cpu "wall-clock" running time
+ * On some architectures, value will adjust for cpu time stolen
+ * from the kernel in involuntary waits due to virtualization.
+ * Value is cumulative, in nanoseconds, without a corresponding count
+ * and wraps around to zero silently on overflow
+ */
+ __u64 cpu_run_real_total;
+
+ /* cpu "virtual" running time
+ * Uses time intervals seen by the kernel i.e. no adjustment
+ * for kernel's involuntary waits due to virtualization.
+ * Value is cumulative, in nanoseconds, without a corresponding count
+ * and wraps around to zero silently on overflow
+ */
+ __u64 cpu_run_virtual_total;
+ /* Delay accounting fields end */
+ /* version 1 ends here */
+
+
+3) Extended accounting fields::
+
+ /* Extended accounting fields start */
+
+ /* Accumulated RSS usage in duration of a task, in MBytes-usecs.
+ * The current rss usage is added to this counter every time
+ * a tick is charged to a task's system time. So, at the end we
+ * will have memory usage multiplied by system time. Thus an
+ * average usage per system time unit can be calculated.
+ */
+ __u64 coremem; /* accumulated RSS usage in MB-usec */
+
+ /* Accumulated virtual memory usage in duration of a task.
+ * Same as acct_rss_mem1 above except that we keep track of VM usage.
+ */
+ __u64 virtmem; /* accumulated VM usage in MB-usec */
+
+ /* High watermark of RSS usage in duration of a task, in KBytes. */
+ __u64 hiwater_rss; /* High-watermark of RSS usage */
+
+ /* High watermark of VM usage in duration of a task, in KBytes. */
+ __u64 hiwater_vm; /* High-water virtual memory usage */
+
+ /* The following four fields are I/O statistics of a task. */
+ __u64 read_char; /* bytes read */
+ __u64 write_char; /* bytes written */
+ __u64 read_syscalls; /* read syscalls */
+ __u64 write_syscalls; /* write syscalls */
+
+ /* Extended accounting fields end */
+
+4) Per-task and per-thread statistics::
+
+ __u64 nvcsw; /* Context voluntary switch counter */
+ __u64 nivcsw; /* Context involuntary switch counter */
+
+5) Time accounting for SMT machines::
+
+ __u64 ac_utimescaled; /* utime scaled on frequency etc */
+ __u64 ac_stimescaled; /* stime scaled on frequency etc */
+ __u64 cpu_scaled_run_real_total; /* scaled cpu_run_real_total */
+
+6) Extended delay accounting fields for memory reclaim::
+
+ /* Delay waiting for memory reclaim */
+ __u64 freepages_count;
+ __u64 freepages_delay_total;
+
+::
+
+ }
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.txt b/Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index e7512c061c15..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-The struct taskstats
---------------------
-
-This document contains an explanation of the struct taskstats fields.
-
-There are three different groups of fields in the struct taskstats:
-
-1) Common and basic accounting fields
- If CONFIG_TASKSTATS is set, the taskstats interface is enabled and
- the common fields and basic accounting fields are collected for
- delivery at do_exit() of a task.
-2) Delay accounting fields
- These fields are placed between
- /* Delay accounting fields start */
- and
- /* Delay accounting fields end */
- Their values are collected if CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT is set.
-3) Extended accounting fields
- These fields are placed between
- /* Extended accounting fields start */
- and
- /* Extended accounting fields end */
- Their values are collected if CONFIG_TASK_XACCT is set.
-
-4) Per-task and per-thread context switch count statistics
-
-5) Time accounting for SMT machines
-
-6) Extended delay accounting fields for memory reclaim
-
-Future extension should add fields to the end of the taskstats struct, and
-should not change the relative position of each field within the struct.
-
-
-struct taskstats {
-
-1) Common and basic accounting fields:
- /* The version number of this struct. This field is always set to
- * TAKSTATS_VERSION, which is defined in <linux/taskstats.h>.
- * Each time the struct is changed, the value should be incremented.
- */
- __u16 version;
-
- /* The exit code of a task. */
- __u32 ac_exitcode; /* Exit status */
-
- /* The accounting flags of a task as defined in <linux/acct.h>
- * Defined values are AFORK, ASU, ACOMPAT, ACORE, and AXSIG.
- */
- __u8 ac_flag; /* Record flags */
-
- /* The value of task_nice() of a task. */
- __u8 ac_nice; /* task_nice */
-
- /* The name of the command that started this task. */
- char ac_comm[TS_COMM_LEN]; /* Command name */
-
- /* The scheduling discipline as set in task->policy field. */
- __u8 ac_sched; /* Scheduling discipline */
-
- __u8 ac_pad[3];
- __u32 ac_uid; /* User ID */
- __u32 ac_gid; /* Group ID */
- __u32 ac_pid; /* Process ID */
- __u32 ac_ppid; /* Parent process ID */
-
- /* The time when a task begins, in [secs] since 1970. */
- __u32 ac_btime; /* Begin time [sec since 1970] */
-
- /* The elapsed time of a task, in [usec]. */
- __u64 ac_etime; /* Elapsed time [usec] */
-
- /* The user CPU time of a task, in [usec]. */
- __u64 ac_utime; /* User CPU time [usec] */
-
- /* The system CPU time of a task, in [usec]. */
- __u64 ac_stime; /* System CPU time [usec] */
-
- /* The minor page fault count of a task, as set in task->min_flt. */
- __u64 ac_minflt; /* Minor Page Fault Count */
-
- /* The major page fault count of a task, as set in task->maj_flt. */
- __u64 ac_majflt; /* Major Page Fault Count */
-
-
-2) Delay accounting fields:
- /* Delay accounting fields start
- *
- * All values, until the comment "Delay accounting fields end" are
- * available only if delay accounting is enabled, even though the last
- * few fields are not delays
- *
- * xxx_count is the number of delay values recorded
- * xxx_delay_total is the corresponding cumulative delay in nanoseconds
- *
- * xxx_delay_total wraps around to zero on overflow
- * xxx_count incremented regardless of overflow
- */
-
- /* Delay waiting for cpu, while runnable
- * count, delay_total NOT updated atomically
- */
- __u64 cpu_count;
- __u64 cpu_delay_total;
-
- /* Following four fields atomically updated using task->delays->lock */
-
- /* Delay waiting for synchronous block I/O to complete
- * does not account for delays in I/O submission
- */
- __u64 blkio_count;
- __u64 blkio_delay_total;
-
- /* Delay waiting for page fault I/O (swap in only) */
- __u64 swapin_count;
- __u64 swapin_delay_total;
-
- /* cpu "wall-clock" running time
- * On some architectures, value will adjust for cpu time stolen
- * from the kernel in involuntary waits due to virtualization.
- * Value is cumulative, in nanoseconds, without a corresponding count
- * and wraps around to zero silently on overflow
- */
- __u64 cpu_run_real_total;
-
- /* cpu "virtual" running time
- * Uses time intervals seen by the kernel i.e. no adjustment
- * for kernel's involuntary waits due to virtualization.
- * Value is cumulative, in nanoseconds, without a corresponding count
- * and wraps around to zero silently on overflow
- */
- __u64 cpu_run_virtual_total;
- /* Delay accounting fields end */
- /* version 1 ends here */
-
-
-3) Extended accounting fields
- /* Extended accounting fields start */
-
- /* Accumulated RSS usage in duration of a task, in MBytes-usecs.
- * The current rss usage is added to this counter every time
- * a tick is charged to a task's system time. So, at the end we
- * will have memory usage multiplied by system time. Thus an
- * average usage per system time unit can be calculated.
- */
- __u64 coremem; /* accumulated RSS usage in MB-usec */
-
- /* Accumulated virtual memory usage in duration of a task.
- * Same as acct_rss_mem1 above except that we keep track of VM usage.
- */
- __u64 virtmem; /* accumulated VM usage in MB-usec */
-
- /* High watermark of RSS usage in duration of a task, in KBytes. */
- __u64 hiwater_rss; /* High-watermark of RSS usage */
-
- /* High watermark of VM usage in duration of a task, in KBytes. */
- __u64 hiwater_vm; /* High-water virtual memory usage */
-
- /* The following four fields are I/O statistics of a task. */
- __u64 read_char; /* bytes read */
- __u64 write_char; /* bytes written */
- __u64 read_syscalls; /* read syscalls */
- __u64 write_syscalls; /* write syscalls */
-
- /* Extended accounting fields end */
-
-4) Per-task and per-thread statistics
- __u64 nvcsw; /* Context voluntary switch counter */
- __u64 nivcsw; /* Context involuntary switch counter */
-
-5) Time accounting for SMT machines
- __u64 ac_utimescaled; /* utime scaled on frequency etc */
- __u64 ac_stimescaled; /* stime scaled on frequency etc */
- __u64 cpu_scaled_run_real_total; /* scaled cpu_run_real_total */
-
-6) Extended delay accounting fields for memory reclaim
- /* Delay waiting for memory reclaim */
- __u64 freepages_count;
- __u64 freepages_delay_total;
-}
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/taskstats.rst b/Documentation/accounting/taskstats.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2a28b7f55c10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/accounting/taskstats.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+=============================
+Per-task statistics interface
+=============================
+
+
+Taskstats is a netlink-based interface for sending per-task and
+per-process statistics from the kernel to userspace.
+
+Taskstats was designed for the following benefits:
+
+- efficiently provide statistics during lifetime of a task and on its exit
+- unified interface for multiple accounting subsystems
+- extensibility for use by future accounting patches
+
+Terminology
+-----------
+
+"pid", "tid" and "task" are used interchangeably and refer to the standard
+Linux task defined by struct task_struct. per-pid stats are the same as
+per-task stats.
+
+"tgid", "process" and "thread group" are used interchangeably and refer to the
+tasks that share an mm_struct i.e. the traditional Unix process. Despite the
+use of tgid, there is no special treatment for the task that is thread group
+leader - a process is deemed alive as long as it has any task belonging to it.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+To get statistics during a task's lifetime, userspace opens a unicast netlink
+socket (NETLINK_GENERIC family) and sends commands specifying a pid or a tgid.
+The response contains statistics for a task (if pid is specified) or the sum of
+statistics for all tasks of the process (if tgid is specified).
+
+To obtain statistics for tasks which are exiting, the userspace listener
+sends a register command and specifies a cpumask. Whenever a task exits on
+one of the cpus in the cpumask, its per-pid statistics are sent to the
+registered listener. Using cpumasks allows the data received by one listener
+to be limited and assists in flow control over the netlink interface and is
+explained in more detail below.
+
+If the exiting task is the last thread exiting its thread group,
+an additional record containing the per-tgid stats is also sent to userspace.
+The latter contains the sum of per-pid stats for all threads in the thread
+group, both past and present.
+
+getdelays.c is a simple utility demonstrating usage of the taskstats interface
+for reporting delay accounting statistics. Users can register cpumasks,
+send commands and process responses, listen for per-tid/tgid exit data,
+write the data received to a file and do basic flow control by increasing
+receive buffer sizes.
+
+Interface
+---------
+
+The user-kernel interface is encapsulated in include/linux/taskstats.h
+
+To avoid this documentation becoming obsolete as the interface evolves, only
+an outline of the current version is given. taskstats.h always overrides the
+description here.
+
+struct taskstats is the common accounting structure for both per-pid and
+per-tgid data. It is versioned and can be extended by each accounting subsystem
+that is added to the kernel. The fields and their semantics are defined in the
+taskstats.h file.
+
+The data exchanged between user and kernel space is a netlink message belonging
+to the NETLINK_GENERIC family and using the netlink attributes interface.
+The messages are in the format::
+
+ +----------+- - -+-------------+-------------------+
+ | nlmsghdr | Pad | genlmsghdr | taskstats payload |
+ +----------+- - -+-------------+-------------------+
+
+
+The taskstats payload is one of the following three kinds:
+
+1. Commands: Sent from user to kernel. Commands to get data on
+a pid/tgid consist of one attribute, of type TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID/TGID,
+containing a u32 pid or tgid in the attribute payload. The pid/tgid denotes
+the task/process for which userspace wants statistics.
+
+Commands to register/deregister interest in exit data from a set of cpus
+consist of one attribute, of type
+TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_REGISTER/DEREGISTER_CPUMASK and contain a cpumask in the
+attribute payload. The cpumask is specified as an ascii string of
+comma-separated cpu ranges e.g. to listen to exit data from cpus 1,2,3,5,7,8
+the cpumask would be "1-3,5,7-8". If userspace forgets to deregister interest
+in cpus before closing the listening socket, the kernel cleans up its interest
+set over time. However, for the sake of efficiency, an explicit deregistration
+is advisable.
+
+2. Response for a command: sent from the kernel in response to a userspace
+command. The payload is a series of three attributes of type:
+
+a) TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID/TGID : attribute containing no payload but indicates
+a pid/tgid will be followed by some stats.
+
+b) TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID/TGID: attribute whose payload is the pid/tgid whose stats
+are being returned.
+
+c) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: attribute with a struct taskstats as payload. The
+same structure is used for both per-pid and per-tgid stats.
+
+3. New message sent by kernel whenever a task exits. The payload consists of a
+ series of attributes of the following type:
+
+a) TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID: indicates next two attributes will be pid+stats
+b) TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID: contains exiting task's pid
+c) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: contains the exiting task's per-pid stats
+d) TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_TGID: indicates next two attributes will be tgid+stats
+e) TASKSTATS_TYPE_TGID: contains tgid of process to which task belongs
+f) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: contains the per-tgid stats for exiting task's process
+
+
+per-tgid stats
+--------------
+
+Taskstats provides per-process stats, in addition to per-task stats, since
+resource management is often done at a process granularity and aggregating task
+stats in userspace alone is inefficient and potentially inaccurate (due to lack
+of atomicity).
+
+However, maintaining per-process, in addition to per-task stats, within the
+kernel has space and time overheads. To address this, the taskstats code
+accumulates each exiting task's statistics into a process-wide data structure.
+When the last task of a process exits, the process level data accumulated also
+gets sent to userspace (along with the per-task data).
+
+When a user queries to get per-tgid data, the sum of all other live threads in
+the group is added up and added to the accumulated total for previously exited
+threads of the same thread group.
+
+Extending taskstats
+-------------------
+
+There are two ways to extend the taskstats interface to export more
+per-task/process stats as patches to collect them get added to the kernel
+in future:
+
+1. Adding more fields to the end of the existing struct taskstats. Backward
+ compatibility is ensured by the version number within the
+ structure. Userspace will use only the fields of the struct that correspond
+ to the version its using.
+
+2. Defining separate statistic structs and using the netlink attributes
+ interface to return them. Since userspace processes each netlink attribute
+ independently, it can always ignore attributes whose type it does not
+ understand (because it is using an older version of the interface).
+
+
+Choosing between 1. and 2. is a matter of trading off flexibility and
+overhead. If only a few fields need to be added, then 1. is the preferable
+path since the kernel and userspace don't need to incur the overhead of
+processing new netlink attributes. But if the new fields expand the existing
+struct too much, requiring disparate userspace accounting utilities to
+unnecessarily receive large structures whose fields are of no interest, then
+extending the attributes structure would be worthwhile.
+
+Flow control for taskstats
+--------------------------
+
+When the rate of task exits becomes large, a listener may not be able to keep
+up with the kernel's rate of sending per-tid/tgid exit data leading to data
+loss. This possibility gets compounded when the taskstats structure gets
+extended and the number of cpus grows large.
+
+To avoid losing statistics, userspace should do one or more of the following:
+
+- increase the receive buffer sizes for the netlink sockets opened by
+ listeners to receive exit data.
+
+- create more listeners and reduce the number of cpus being listened to by
+ each listener. In the extreme case, there could be one listener for each cpu.
+ Users may also consider setting the cpu affinity of the listener to the subset
+ of cpus to which it listens, especially if they are listening to just one cpu.
+
+Despite these measures, if the userspace receives ENOBUFS error messages
+indicated overflow of receive buffers, it should take measures to handle the
+loss of data.
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/taskstats.txt b/Documentation/accounting/taskstats.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index ff06b738bb88..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/accounting/taskstats.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-Per-task statistics interface
------------------------------
-
-
-Taskstats is a netlink-based interface for sending per-task and
-per-process statistics from the kernel to userspace.
-
-Taskstats was designed for the following benefits:
-
-- efficiently provide statistics during lifetime of a task and on its exit
-- unified interface for multiple accounting subsystems
-- extensibility for use by future accounting patches
-
-Terminology
------------
-
-"pid", "tid" and "task" are used interchangeably and refer to the standard
-Linux task defined by struct task_struct. per-pid stats are the same as
-per-task stats.
-
-"tgid", "process" and "thread group" are used interchangeably and refer to the
-tasks that share an mm_struct i.e. the traditional Unix process. Despite the
-use of tgid, there is no special treatment for the task that is thread group
-leader - a process is deemed alive as long as it has any task belonging to it.
-
-Usage
------
-
-To get statistics during a task's lifetime, userspace opens a unicast netlink
-socket (NETLINK_GENERIC family) and sends commands specifying a pid or a tgid.
-The response contains statistics for a task (if pid is specified) or the sum of
-statistics for all tasks of the process (if tgid is specified).
-
-To obtain statistics for tasks which are exiting, the userspace listener
-sends a register command and specifies a cpumask. Whenever a task exits on
-one of the cpus in the cpumask, its per-pid statistics are sent to the
-registered listener. Using cpumasks allows the data received by one listener
-to be limited and assists in flow control over the netlink interface and is
-explained in more detail below.
-
-If the exiting task is the last thread exiting its thread group,
-an additional record containing the per-tgid stats is also sent to userspace.
-The latter contains the sum of per-pid stats for all threads in the thread
-group, both past and present.
-
-getdelays.c is a simple utility demonstrating usage of the taskstats interface
-for reporting delay accounting statistics. Users can register cpumasks,
-send commands and process responses, listen for per-tid/tgid exit data,
-write the data received to a file and do basic flow control by increasing
-receive buffer sizes.
-
-Interface
----------
-
-The user-kernel interface is encapsulated in include/linux/taskstats.h
-
-To avoid this documentation becoming obsolete as the interface evolves, only
-an outline of the current version is given. taskstats.h always overrides the
-description here.
-
-struct taskstats is the common accounting structure for both per-pid and
-per-tgid data. It is versioned and can be extended by each accounting subsystem
-that is added to the kernel. The fields and their semantics are defined in the
-taskstats.h file.
-
-The data exchanged between user and kernel space is a netlink message belonging
-to the NETLINK_GENERIC family and using the netlink attributes interface.
-The messages are in the format
-
- +----------+- - -+-------------+-------------------+
- | nlmsghdr | Pad | genlmsghdr | taskstats payload |
- +----------+- - -+-------------+-------------------+
-
-
-The taskstats payload is one of the following three kinds:
-
-1. Commands: Sent from user to kernel. Commands to get data on
-a pid/tgid consist of one attribute, of type TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID/TGID,
-containing a u32 pid or tgid in the attribute payload. The pid/tgid denotes
-the task/process for which userspace wants statistics.
-
-Commands to register/deregister interest in exit data from a set of cpus
-consist of one attribute, of type
-TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_REGISTER/DEREGISTER_CPUMASK and contain a cpumask in the
-attribute payload. The cpumask is specified as an ascii string of
-comma-separated cpu ranges e.g. to listen to exit data from cpus 1,2,3,5,7,8
-the cpumask would be "1-3,5,7-8". If userspace forgets to deregister interest
-in cpus before closing the listening socket, the kernel cleans up its interest
-set over time. However, for the sake of efficiency, an explicit deregistration
-is advisable.
-
-2. Response for a command: sent from the kernel in response to a userspace
-command. The payload is a series of three attributes of type:
-
-a) TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID/TGID : attribute containing no payload but indicates
-a pid/tgid will be followed by some stats.
-
-b) TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID/TGID: attribute whose payload is the pid/tgid whose stats
-are being returned.
-
-c) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: attribute with a struct taskstats as payload. The
-same structure is used for both per-pid and per-tgid stats.
-
-3. New message sent by kernel whenever a task exits. The payload consists of a
- series of attributes of the following type:
-
-a) TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID: indicates next two attributes will be pid+stats
-b) TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID: contains exiting task's pid
-c) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: contains the exiting task's per-pid stats
-d) TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_TGID: indicates next two attributes will be tgid+stats
-e) TASKSTATS_TYPE_TGID: contains tgid of process to which task belongs
-f) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: contains the per-tgid stats for exiting task's process
-
-
-per-tgid stats
---------------
-
-Taskstats provides per-process stats, in addition to per-task stats, since
-resource management is often done at a process granularity and aggregating task
-stats in userspace alone is inefficient and potentially inaccurate (due to lack
-of atomicity).
-
-However, maintaining per-process, in addition to per-task stats, within the
-kernel has space and time overheads. To address this, the taskstats code
-accumulates each exiting task's statistics into a process-wide data structure.
-When the last task of a process exits, the process level data accumulated also
-gets sent to userspace (along with the per-task data).
-
-When a user queries to get per-tgid data, the sum of all other live threads in
-the group is added up and added to the accumulated total for previously exited
-threads of the same thread group.
-
-Extending taskstats
--------------------
-
-There are two ways to extend the taskstats interface to export more
-per-task/process stats as patches to collect them get added to the kernel
-in future:
-
-1. Adding more fields to the end of the existing struct taskstats. Backward
- compatibility is ensured by the version number within the
- structure. Userspace will use only the fields of the struct that correspond
- to the version its using.
-
-2. Defining separate statistic structs and using the netlink attributes
- interface to return them. Since userspace processes each netlink attribute
- independently, it can always ignore attributes whose type it does not
- understand (because it is using an older version of the interface).
-
-
-Choosing between 1. and 2. is a matter of trading off flexibility and
-overhead. If only a few fields need to be added, then 1. is the preferable
-path since the kernel and userspace don't need to incur the overhead of
-processing new netlink attributes. But if the new fields expand the existing
-struct too much, requiring disparate userspace accounting utilities to
-unnecessarily receive large structures whose fields are of no interest, then
-extending the attributes structure would be worthwhile.
-
-Flow control for taskstats
---------------------------
-
-When the rate of task exits becomes large, a listener may not be able to keep
-up with the kernel's rate of sending per-tid/tgid exit data leading to data
-loss. This possibility gets compounded when the taskstats structure gets
-extended and the number of cpus grows large.
-
-To avoid losing statistics, userspace should do one or more of the following:
-
-- increase the receive buffer sizes for the netlink sockets opened by
-listeners to receive exit data.
-
-- create more listeners and reduce the number of cpus being listened to by
-each listener. In the extreme case, there could be one listener for each cpu.
-Users may also consider setting the cpu affinity of the listener to the subset
-of cpus to which it listens, especially if they are listening to just one cpu.
-
-Despite these measures, if the userspace receives ENOBUFS error messages
-indicated overflow of receive buffers, it should take measures to handle the
-loss of data.
-
-----
diff --git a/Documentation/acpi/dsdt-override.txt b/Documentation/acpi/dsdt-override.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index febbb1ba4d23..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/acpi/dsdt-override.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-Linux supports a method of overriding the BIOS DSDT:
-
-CONFIG_ACPI_CUSTOM_DSDT builds the image into the kernel.
-
-When to use this method is described in detail on the
-Linux/ACPI home page:
-http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/acpi/overridingDSDT.php
diff --git a/Documentation/acpi/method-tracing.txt b/Documentation/acpi/method-tracing.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index f6efb1ea559a..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/acpi/method-tracing.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/sys/module/acpi/parameters/:
-
-trace_method_name
- The AML method name that the user wants to trace
-
-trace_debug_layer
- The temporary debug_layer used when tracing the method.
- Using 0xffffffff by default if it is 0.
-
-trace_debug_level
- The temporary debug_level used when tracing the method.
- Using 0x00ffffff by default if it is 0.
-
-trace_state
- The status of the tracing feature.
-
- "enabled" means this feature is enabled
- and the AML method is traced every time it's executed.
-
- "1" means this feature is enabled and the AML method
- will only be traced during the next execution.
-
- "disabled" means this feature is disabled.
- Users can enable/disable this debug tracing feature by
- "echo string > /sys/module/acpi/parameters/trace_state".
- "string" should be one of "enable", "disable" and "1".
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/LoadPin.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/LoadPin.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd3ca68b5df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/LoadPin.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+=======
+LoadPin
+=======
+
+LoadPin is a Linux Security Module that ensures all kernel-loaded files
+(modules, firmware, etc) all originate from the same filesystem, with
+the expectation that such a filesystem is backed by a read-only device
+such as dm-verity or CDROM. This allows systems that have a verified
+and/or unchangeable filesystem to enforce module and firmware loading
+restrictions without needing to sign the files individually.
+
+The LSM is selectable at build-time with ``CONFIG_SECURITY_LOADPIN``, and
+can be controlled at boot-time with the kernel command line option
+"``loadpin.enforce``". By default, it is enabled, but can be disabled at
+boot ("``loadpin.enforce=0``").
+
+LoadPin starts pinning when it sees the first file loaded. If the
+block device backing the filesystem is not read-only, a sysctl is
+created to toggle pinning: ``/proc/sys/kernel/loadpin/enabled``. (Having
+a mutable filesystem means pinning is mutable too, but having the
+sysctl allows for easy testing on systems with a mutable filesystem.)
+
+It's also possible to exclude specific file types from LoadPin using kernel
+command line option "``loadpin.exclude``". By default, all files are
+included, but they can be excluded using kernel command line option such
+as "``loadpin.exclude=kernel-module,kexec-image``". This allows to use
+different mechanisms such as ``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG`` and
+``CONFIG_KEXEC_VERIFY_SIG`` to verify kernel module and kernel image while
+still use LoadPin to protect the integrity of other files kernel loads. The
+full list of valid file types can be found in ``kernel_read_file_str``
+defined in ``include/linux/kernel_read_file.h``.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SELinux.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SELinux.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cdd65164ca96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SELinux.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+=======
+SELinux
+=======
+
+Information about the SELinux kernel subsystem can be found at the
+following links:
+
+ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pcmoore/selinux.git/tree/README.md
+
+ https://github.com/selinuxproject/selinux-kernel/wiki
+
+Information about the SELinux userspace can be found at:
+
+ https://github.com/SELinuxProject/selinux/wiki
+
+If you want to use SELinux, chances are you will want
+to use the distro-provided policies, or install the
+latest reference policy release from
+
+ https://github.com/SELinuxProject/refpolicy
+
+However, if you want to install a dummy policy for
+testing, you can do using ``mdp`` provided under
+scripts/selinux. Note that this requires the selinux
+userspace to be installed - in particular you will
+need checkpolicy to compile a kernel, and setfiles and
+fixfiles to label the filesystem.
+
+ 1. Compile the kernel with selinux enabled.
+ 2. Type ``make`` to compile ``mdp``.
+ 3. Make sure that you are not running with
+ SELinux enabled and a real policy. If
+ you are, reboot with selinux disabled
+ before continuing.
+ 4. Run install_policy.sh::
+
+ cd scripts/selinux
+ sh install_policy.sh
+
+Step 4 will create a new dummy policy valid for your
+kernel, with a single selinux user, role, and type.
+It will compile the policy, will set your ``SELINUXTYPE`` to
+``dummy`` in ``/etc/selinux/config``, install the compiled policy
+as ``dummy``, and relabel your filesystem.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SafeSetID.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SafeSetID.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d439c987563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SafeSetID.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+=========
+SafeSetID
+=========
+SafeSetID is an LSM module that gates the setid family of syscalls to restrict
+UID/GID transitions from a given UID/GID to only those approved by a
+system-wide allowlist. These restrictions also prohibit the given UIDs/GIDs
+from obtaining auxiliary privileges associated with CAP_SET{U/G}ID, such as
+allowing a user to set up user namespace UID/GID mappings.
+
+
+Background
+==========
+In absence of file capabilities, processes spawned on a Linux system that need
+to switch to a different user must be spawned with CAP_SETUID privileges.
+CAP_SETUID is granted to programs running as root or those running as a non-root
+user that have been explicitly given the CAP_SETUID runtime capability. It is
+often preferable to use Linux runtime capabilities rather than file
+capabilities, since using file capabilities to run a program with elevated
+privileges opens up possible security holes since any user with access to the
+file can exec() that program to gain the elevated privileges.
+
+While it is possible to implement a tree of processes by giving full
+CAP_SET{U/G}ID capabilities, this is often at odds with the goals of running a
+tree of processes under non-root user(s) in the first place. Specifically,
+since CAP_SETUID allows changing to any user on the system, including the root
+user, it is an overpowered capability for what is needed in this scenario,
+especially since programs often only call setuid() to drop privileges to a
+lesser-privileged user -- not elevate privileges. Unfortunately, there is no
+generally feasible way in Linux to restrict the potential UIDs that a user can
+switch to through setuid() beyond allowing a switch to any user on the system.
+This SafeSetID LSM seeks to provide a solution for restricting setid
+capabilities in such a way.
+
+The main use case for this LSM is to allow a non-root program to transition to
+other untrusted uids without full blown CAP_SETUID capabilities. The non-root
+program would still need CAP_SETUID to do any kind of transition, but the
+additional restrictions imposed by this LSM would mean it is a "safer" version
+of CAP_SETUID since the non-root program cannot take advantage of CAP_SETUID to
+do any unapproved actions (e.g. setuid to uid 0 or create/enter new user
+namespace). The higher level goal is to allow for uid-based sandboxing of system
+services without having to give out CAP_SETUID all over the place just so that
+non-root programs can drop to even-lesser-privileged uids. This is especially
+relevant when one non-root daemon on the system should be allowed to spawn other
+processes as different uids, but it's undesirable to give the daemon a
+basically-root-equivalent CAP_SETUID.
+
+
+Other Approaches Considered
+===========================
+
+Solve this problem in userspace
+-------------------------------
+For candidate applications that would like to have restricted setid capabilities
+as implemented in this LSM, an alternative option would be to simply take away
+setid capabilities from the application completely and refactor the process
+spawning semantics in the application (e.g. by using a privileged helper program
+to do process spawning and UID/GID transitions). Unfortunately, there are a
+number of semantics around process spawning that would be affected by this, such
+as fork() calls where the program doesn't immediately call exec() after the
+fork(), parent processes specifying custom environment variables or command line
+args for spawned child processes, or inheritance of file handles across a
+fork()/exec(). Because of this, as solution that uses a privileged helper in
+userspace would likely be less appealing to incorporate into existing projects
+that rely on certain process-spawning semantics in Linux.
+
+Use user namespaces
+-------------------
+Another possible approach would be to run a given process tree in its own user
+namespace and give programs in the tree setid capabilities. In this way,
+programs in the tree could change to any desired UID/GID in the context of their
+own user namespace, and only approved UIDs/GIDs could be mapped back to the
+initial system user namespace, affectively preventing privilege escalation.
+Unfortunately, it is not generally feasible to use user namespaces in isolation,
+without pairing them with other namespace types, which is not always an option.
+Linux checks for capabilities based off of the user namespace that "owns" some
+entity. For example, Linux has the notion that network namespaces are owned by
+the user namespace in which they were created. A consequence of this is that
+capability checks for access to a given network namespace are done by checking
+whether a task has the given capability in the context of the user namespace
+that owns the network namespace -- not necessarily the user namespace under
+which the given task runs. Therefore spawning a process in a new user namespace
+effectively prevents it from accessing the network namespace owned by the
+initial namespace. This is a deal-breaker for any application that expects to
+retain the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability for the purpose of adjusting network
+configurations. Using user namespaces in isolation causes problems regarding
+other system interactions, including use of pid namespaces and device creation.
+
+Use an existing LSM
+-------------------
+None of the other in-tree LSMs have the capability to gate setid transitions, or
+even employ the security_task_fix_setuid hook at all. SELinux says of that hook:
+"Since setuid only affects the current process, and since the SELinux controls
+are not based on the Linux identity attributes, SELinux does not need to control
+this operation."
+
+
+Directions for use
+==================
+This LSM hooks the setid syscalls to make sure transitions are allowed if an
+applicable restriction policy is in place. Policies are configured through
+securityfs by writing to the safesetid/uid_allowlist_policy and
+safesetid/gid_allowlist_policy files at the location where securityfs is
+mounted. The format for adding a policy is '<UID>:<UID>' or '<GID>:<GID>',
+using literal numbers, and ending with a newline character such as '123:456\n'.
+Writing an empty string "" will flush the policy. Again, configuring a policy
+for a UID/GID will prevent that UID/GID from obtaining auxiliary setid
+privileges, such as allowing a user to set up user namespace UID/GID mappings.
+
+Note on GID policies and setgroups()
+====================================
+In v5.9 we are adding support for limiting CAP_SETGID privileges as was done
+previously for CAP_SETUID. However, for compatibility with common sandboxing
+related code conventions in userspace, we currently allow arbitrary
+setgroups() calls for processes with CAP_SETGID restrictions. Until we add
+support in a future release for restricting setgroups() calls, these GID
+policies add no meaningful security. setgroups() restrictions will be enforced
+once we have the policy checking code in place, which will rely on GID policy
+configuration code added in v5.9.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Smack.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Smack.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d44f4fdbf59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Smack.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,861 @@
+=====
+Smack
+=====
+
+
+ "Good for you, you've decided to clean the elevator!"
+ - The Elevator, from Dark Star
+
+Smack is the Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel.
+Smack is a kernel based implementation of mandatory access
+control that includes simplicity in its primary design goals.
+
+Smack is not the only Mandatory Access Control scheme
+available for Linux. Those new to Mandatory Access Control
+are encouraged to compare Smack with the other mechanisms
+available to determine which is best suited to the problem
+at hand.
+
+Smack consists of three major components:
+
+ - The kernel
+ - Basic utilities, which are helpful but not required
+ - Configuration data
+
+The kernel component of Smack is implemented as a Linux
+Security Modules (LSM) module. It requires netlabel and
+works best with file systems that support extended attributes,
+although xattr support is not strictly required.
+It is safe to run a Smack kernel under a "vanilla" distribution.
+
+Smack kernels use the CIPSO IP option. Some network
+configurations are intolerant of IP options and can impede
+access to systems that use them as Smack does.
+
+Smack is used in the Tizen operating system. Please
+go to http://wiki.tizen.org for information about how
+Smack is used in Tizen.
+
+The current git repository for Smack user space is:
+
+ git://github.com/smack-team/smack.git
+
+This should make and install on most modern distributions.
+There are five commands included in smackutil:
+
+chsmack:
+ display or set Smack extended attribute values
+
+smackctl:
+ load the Smack access rules
+
+smackaccess:
+ report if a process with one label has access
+ to an object with another
+
+These two commands are obsolete with the introduction of
+the smackfs/load2 and smackfs/cipso2 interfaces.
+
+smackload:
+ properly formats data for writing to smackfs/load
+
+smackcipso:
+ properly formats data for writing to smackfs/cipso
+
+In keeping with the intent of Smack, configuration data is
+minimal and not strictly required. The most important
+configuration step is mounting the smackfs pseudo filesystem.
+If smackutil is installed the startup script will take care
+of this, but it can be manually as well.
+
+Add this line to ``/etc/fstab``::
+
+ smackfs /sys/fs/smackfs smackfs defaults 0 0
+
+The ``/sys/fs/smackfs`` directory is created by the kernel.
+
+Smack uses extended attributes (xattrs) to store labels on filesystem
+objects. The attributes are stored in the extended attribute security
+name space. A process must have ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN`` to change any of these
+attributes.
+
+The extended attributes that Smack uses are:
+
+SMACK64
+ Used to make access control decisions. In almost all cases
+ the label given to a new filesystem object will be the label
+ of the process that created it.
+
+SMACK64EXEC
+ The Smack label of a process that execs a program file with
+ this attribute set will run with this attribute's value.
+
+SMACK64MMAP
+ Don't allow the file to be mmapped by a process whose Smack
+ label does not allow all of the access permitted to a process
+ with the label contained in this attribute. This is a very
+ specific use case for shared libraries.
+
+SMACK64TRANSMUTE
+ Can only have the value "TRUE". If this attribute is present
+ on a directory when an object is created in the directory and
+ the Smack rule (more below) that permitted the write access
+ to the directory includes the transmute ("t") mode the object
+ gets the label of the directory instead of the label of the
+ creating process. If the object being created is a directory
+ the SMACK64TRANSMUTE attribute is set as well.
+
+SMACK64IPIN
+ This attribute is only available on file descriptors for sockets.
+ Use the Smack label in this attribute for access control
+ decisions on packets being delivered to this socket.
+
+SMACK64IPOUT
+ This attribute is only available on file descriptors for sockets.
+ Use the Smack label in this attribute for access control
+ decisions on packets coming from this socket.
+
+There are multiple ways to set a Smack label on a file::
+
+ # attr -S -s SMACK64 -V "value" path
+ # chsmack -a value path
+
+A process can see the Smack label it is running with by
+reading ``/proc/self/attr/current``. A process with ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN``
+can set the process Smack by writing there.
+
+Most Smack configuration is accomplished by writing to files
+in the smackfs filesystem. This pseudo-filesystem is mounted
+on ``/sys/fs/smackfs``.
+
+access
+ Provided for backward compatibility. The access2 interface
+ is preferred and should be used instead.
+ This interface reports whether a subject with the specified
+ Smack label has a particular access to an object with a
+ specified Smack label. Write a fixed format access rule to
+ this file. The next read will indicate whether the access
+ would be permitted. The text will be either "1" indicating
+ access, or "0" indicating denial.
+
+access2
+ This interface reports whether a subject with the specified
+ Smack label has a particular access to an object with a
+ specified Smack label. Write a long format access rule to
+ this file. The next read will indicate whether the access
+ would be permitted. The text will be either "1" indicating
+ access, or "0" indicating denial.
+
+ambient
+ This contains the Smack label applied to unlabeled network
+ packets.
+
+change-rule
+ This interface allows modification of existing access control rules.
+ The format accepted on write is::
+
+ "%s %s %s %s"
+
+ where the first string is the subject label, the second the
+ object label, the third the access to allow and the fourth the
+ access to deny. The access strings may contain only the characters
+ "rwxat-". If a rule for a given subject and object exists it will be
+ modified by enabling the permissions in the third string and disabling
+ those in the fourth string. If there is no such rule it will be
+ created using the access specified in the third and the fourth strings.
+
+cipso
+ Provided for backward compatibility. The cipso2 interface
+ is preferred and should be used instead.
+ This interface allows a specific CIPSO header to be assigned
+ to a Smack label. The format accepted on write is::
+
+ "%24s%4d%4d"["%4d"]...
+
+ The first string is a fixed Smack label. The first number is
+ the level to use. The second number is the number of categories.
+ The following numbers are the categories::
+
+ "level-3-cats-5-19 3 2 5 19"
+
+cipso2
+ This interface allows a specific CIPSO header to be assigned
+ to a Smack label. The format accepted on write is::
+
+ "%s%4d%4d"["%4d"]...
+
+ The first string is a long Smack label. The first number is
+ the level to use. The second number is the number of categories.
+ The following numbers are the categories::
+
+ "level-3-cats-5-19 3 2 5 19"
+
+direct
+ This contains the CIPSO level used for Smack direct label
+ representation in network packets.
+
+doi
+ This contains the CIPSO domain of interpretation used in
+ network packets.
+
+ipv6host
+ This interface allows specific IPv6 internet addresses to be
+ treated as single label hosts. Packets are sent to single
+ label hosts only from processes that have Smack write access
+ to the host label. All packets received from single label hosts
+ are given the specified label. The format accepted on write is::
+
+ "%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h label" or
+ "%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h/%d label".
+
+ The "::" address shortcut is not supported.
+ If label is "-DELETE" a matched entry will be deleted.
+
+load
+ Provided for backward compatibility. The load2 interface
+ is preferred and should be used instead.
+ This interface allows access control rules in addition to
+ the system defined rules to be specified. The format accepted
+ on write is::
+
+ "%24s%24s%5s"
+
+ where the first string is the subject label, the second the
+ object label, and the third the requested access. The access
+ string may contain only the characters "rwxat-", and specifies
+ which sort of access is allowed. The "-" is a placeholder for
+ permissions that are not allowed. The string "r-x--" would
+ specify read and execute access. Labels are limited to 23
+ characters in length.
+
+load2
+ This interface allows access control rules in addition to
+ the system defined rules to be specified. The format accepted
+ on write is::
+
+ "%s %s %s"
+
+ where the first string is the subject label, the second the
+ object label, and the third the requested access. The access
+ string may contain only the characters "rwxat-", and specifies
+ which sort of access is allowed. The "-" is a placeholder for
+ permissions that are not allowed. The string "r-x--" would
+ specify read and execute access.
+
+load-self
+ Provided for backward compatibility. The load-self2 interface
+ is preferred and should be used instead.
+ This interface allows process specific access rules to be
+ defined. These rules are only consulted if access would
+ otherwise be permitted, and are intended to provide additional
+ restrictions on the process. The format is the same as for
+ the load interface.
+
+load-self2
+ This interface allows process specific access rules to be
+ defined. These rules are only consulted if access would
+ otherwise be permitted, and are intended to provide additional
+ restrictions on the process. The format is the same as for
+ the load2 interface.
+
+logging
+ This contains the Smack logging state.
+
+mapped
+ This contains the CIPSO level used for Smack mapped label
+ representation in network packets.
+
+netlabel
+ This interface allows specific internet addresses to be
+ treated as single label hosts. Packets are sent to single
+ label hosts without CIPSO headers, but only from processes
+ that have Smack write access to the host label. All packets
+ received from single label hosts are given the specified
+ label. The format accepted on write is::
+
+ "%d.%d.%d.%d label" or "%d.%d.%d.%d/%d label".
+
+ If the label specified is "-CIPSO" the address is treated
+ as a host that supports CIPSO headers.
+
+onlycap
+ This contains labels processes must have for CAP_MAC_ADMIN
+ and ``CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE`` to be effective. If this file is empty
+ these capabilities are effective at for processes with any
+ label. The values are set by writing the desired labels, separated
+ by spaces, to the file or cleared by writing "-" to the file.
+
+ptrace
+ This is used to define the current ptrace policy
+
+ 0 - default:
+ this is the policy that relies on Smack access rules.
+ For the ``PTRACE_READ`` a subject needs to have a read access on
+ object. For the ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` a read-write access is required.
+
+ 1 - exact:
+ this is the policy that limits ``PTRACE_ATTACH``. Attach is
+ only allowed when subject's and object's labels are equal.
+ ``PTRACE_READ`` is not affected. Can be overridden with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE``.
+
+ 2 - draconian:
+ this policy behaves like the 'exact' above with an
+ exception that it can't be overridden with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE``.
+
+revoke-subject
+ Writing a Smack label here sets the access to '-' for all access
+ rules with that subject label.
+
+unconfined
+ If the kernel is configured with ``CONFIG_SECURITY_SMACK_BRINGUP``
+ a process with ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN`` can write a label into this interface.
+ Thereafter, accesses that involve that label will be logged and
+ the access permitted if it wouldn't be otherwise. Note that this
+ is dangerous and can ruin the proper labeling of your system.
+ It should never be used in production.
+
+relabel-self
+ This interface contains a list of labels to which the process can
+ transition to, by writing to ``/proc/self/attr/current``.
+ Normally a process can change its own label to any legal value, but only
+ if it has ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN``. This interface allows a process without
+ ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN`` to relabel itself to one of labels from predefined list.
+ A process without ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN`` can change its label only once. When it
+ does, this list will be cleared.
+ The values are set by writing the desired labels, separated
+ by spaces, to the file or cleared by writing "-" to the file.
+
+If you are using the smackload utility
+you can add access rules in ``/etc/smack/accesses``. They take the form::
+
+ subjectlabel objectlabel access
+
+access is a combination of the letters rwxatb which specify the
+kind of access permitted a subject with subjectlabel on an
+object with objectlabel. If there is no rule no access is allowed.
+
+Look for additional programs on http://schaufler-ca.com
+
+The Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel (Whitepaper)
+===========================================================
+
+Casey Schaufler
+casey@schaufler-ca.com
+
+Mandatory Access Control
+------------------------
+
+Computer systems employ a variety of schemes to constrain how information is
+shared among the people and services using the machine. Some of these schemes
+allow the program or user to decide what other programs or users are allowed
+access to pieces of data. These schemes are called discretionary access
+control mechanisms because the access control is specified at the discretion
+of the user. Other schemes do not leave the decision regarding what a user or
+program can access up to users or programs. These schemes are called mandatory
+access control mechanisms because you don't have a choice regarding the users
+or programs that have access to pieces of data.
+
+Bell & LaPadula
+---------------
+
+From the middle of the 1980's until the turn of the century Mandatory Access
+Control (MAC) was very closely associated with the Bell & LaPadula security
+model, a mathematical description of the United States Department of Defense
+policy for marking paper documents. MAC in this form enjoyed a following
+within the Capital Beltway and Scandinavian supercomputer centers but was
+often sited as failing to address general needs.
+
+Domain Type Enforcement
+-----------------------
+
+Around the turn of the century Domain Type Enforcement (DTE) became popular.
+This scheme organizes users, programs, and data into domains that are
+protected from each other. This scheme has been widely deployed as a component
+of popular Linux distributions. The administrative overhead required to
+maintain this scheme and the detailed understanding of the whole system
+necessary to provide a secure domain mapping leads to the scheme being
+disabled or used in limited ways in the majority of cases.
+
+Smack
+-----
+
+Smack is a Mandatory Access Control mechanism designed to provide useful MAC
+while avoiding the pitfalls of its predecessors. The limitations of Bell &
+LaPadula are addressed by providing a scheme whereby access can be controlled
+according to the requirements of the system and its purpose rather than those
+imposed by an arcane government policy. The complexity of Domain Type
+Enforcement and avoided by defining access controls in terms of the access
+modes already in use.
+
+Smack Terminology
+-----------------
+
+The jargon used to talk about Smack will be familiar to those who have dealt
+with other MAC systems and shouldn't be too difficult for the uninitiated to
+pick up. There are four terms that are used in a specific way and that are
+especially important:
+
+ Subject:
+ A subject is an active entity on the computer system.
+ On Smack a subject is a task, which is in turn the basic unit
+ of execution.
+
+ Object:
+ An object is a passive entity on the computer system.
+ On Smack files of all types, IPC, and tasks can be objects.
+
+ Access:
+ Any attempt by a subject to put information into or get
+ information from an object is an access.
+
+ Label:
+ Data that identifies the Mandatory Access Control
+ characteristics of a subject or an object.
+
+These definitions are consistent with the traditional use in the security
+community. There are also some terms from Linux that are likely to crop up:
+
+ Capability:
+ A task that possesses a capability has permission to
+ violate an aspect of the system security policy, as identified by
+ the specific capability. A task that possesses one or more
+ capabilities is a privileged task, whereas a task with no
+ capabilities is an unprivileged task.
+
+ Privilege:
+ A task that is allowed to violate the system security
+ policy is said to have privilege. As of this writing a task can
+ have privilege either by possessing capabilities or by having an
+ effective user of root.
+
+Smack Basics
+------------
+
+Smack is an extension to a Linux system. It enforces additional restrictions
+on what subjects can access which objects, based on the labels attached to
+each of the subject and the object.
+
+Labels
+~~~~~~
+
+Smack labels are ASCII character strings. They can be up to 255 characters
+long, but keeping them to twenty-three characters is recommended.
+Single character labels using special characters, that being anything
+other than a letter or digit, are reserved for use by the Smack development
+team. Smack labels are unstructured, case sensitive, and the only operation
+ever performed on them is comparison for equality. Smack labels cannot
+contain unprintable characters, the "/" (slash), the "\" (backslash), the "'"
+(quote) and '"' (double-quote) characters.
+Smack labels cannot begin with a '-'. This is reserved for special options.
+
+There are some predefined labels::
+
+ _ Pronounced "floor", a single underscore character.
+ ^ Pronounced "hat", a single circumflex character.
+ * Pronounced "star", a single asterisk character.
+ ? Pronounced "huh", a single question mark character.
+ @ Pronounced "web", a single at sign character.
+
+Every task on a Smack system is assigned a label. The Smack label
+of a process will usually be assigned by the system initialization
+mechanism.
+
+Access Rules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Smack uses the traditional access modes of Linux. These modes are read,
+execute, write, and occasionally append. There are a few cases where the
+access mode may not be obvious. These include:
+
+ Signals:
+ A signal is a write operation from the subject task to
+ the object task.
+
+ Internet Domain IPC:
+ Transmission of a packet is considered a
+ write operation from the source task to the destination task.
+
+Smack restricts access based on the label attached to a subject and the label
+attached to the object it is trying to access. The rules enforced are, in
+order:
+
+ 1. Any access requested by a task labeled "*" is denied.
+ 2. A read or execute access requested by a task labeled "^"
+ is permitted.
+ 3. A read or execute access requested on an object labeled "_"
+ is permitted.
+ 4. Any access requested on an object labeled "*" is permitted.
+ 5. Any access requested by a task on an object with the same
+ label is permitted.
+ 6. Any access requested that is explicitly defined in the loaded
+ rule set is permitted.
+ 7. Any other access is denied.
+
+Smack Access Rules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+With the isolation provided by Smack access separation is simple. There are
+many interesting cases where limited access by subjects to objects with
+different labels is desired. One example is the familiar spy model of
+sensitivity, where a scientist working on a highly classified project would be
+able to read documents of lower classifications and anything she writes will
+be "born" highly classified. To accommodate such schemes Smack includes a
+mechanism for specifying rules allowing access between labels.
+
+Access Rule Format
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The format of an access rule is::
+
+ subject-label object-label access
+
+Where subject-label is the Smack label of the task, object-label is the Smack
+label of the thing being accessed, and access is a string specifying the sort
+of access allowed. The access specification is searched for letters that
+describe access modes:
+
+ a: indicates that append access should be granted.
+ r: indicates that read access should be granted.
+ w: indicates that write access should be granted.
+ x: indicates that execute access should be granted.
+ t: indicates that the rule requests transmutation.
+ b: indicates that the rule should be reported for bring-up.
+
+Uppercase values for the specification letters are allowed as well.
+Access mode specifications can be in any order. Examples of acceptable rules
+are::
+
+ TopSecret Secret rx
+ Secret Unclass R
+ Manager Game x
+ User HR w
+ Snap Crackle rwxatb
+ New Old rRrRr
+ Closed Off -
+
+Examples of unacceptable rules are::
+
+ Top Secret Secret rx
+ Ace Ace r
+ Odd spells waxbeans
+
+Spaces are not allowed in labels. Since a subject always has access to files
+with the same label specifying a rule for that case is pointless. Only
+valid letters (rwxatbRWXATB) and the dash ('-') character are allowed in
+access specifications. The dash is a placeholder, so "a-r" is the same
+as "ar". A lone dash is used to specify that no access should be allowed.
+
+Applying Access Rules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The developers of Linux rarely define new sorts of things, usually importing
+schemes and concepts from other systems. Most often, the other systems are
+variants of Unix. Unix has many endearing properties, but consistency of
+access control models is not one of them. Smack strives to treat accesses as
+uniformly as is sensible while keeping with the spirit of the underlying
+mechanism.
+
+File system objects including files, directories, named pipes, symbolic links,
+and devices require access permissions that closely match those used by mode
+bit access. To open a file for reading read access is required on the file. To
+search a directory requires execute access. Creating a file with write access
+requires both read and write access on the containing directory. Deleting a
+file requires read and write access to the file and to the containing
+directory. It is possible that a user may be able to see that a file exists
+but not any of its attributes by the circumstance of having read access to the
+containing directory but not to the differently labeled file. This is an
+artifact of the file name being data in the directory, not a part of the file.
+
+If a directory is marked as transmuting (SMACK64TRANSMUTE=TRUE) and the
+access rule that allows a process to create an object in that directory
+includes 't' access the label assigned to the new object will be that
+of the directory, not the creating process. This makes it much easier
+for two processes with different labels to share data without granting
+access to all of their files.
+
+IPC objects, message queues, semaphore sets, and memory segments exist in flat
+namespaces and access requests are only required to match the object in
+question.
+
+Process objects reflect tasks on the system and the Smack label used to access
+them is the same Smack label that the task would use for its own access
+attempts. Sending a signal via the kill() system call is a write operation
+from the signaler to the recipient. Debugging a process requires both reading
+and writing. Creating a new task is an internal operation that results in two
+tasks with identical Smack labels and requires no access checks.
+
+Sockets are data structures attached to processes and sending a packet from
+one process to another requires that the sender have write access to the
+receiver. The receiver is not required to have read access to the sender.
+
+Setting Access Rules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The configuration file /etc/smack/accesses contains the rules to be set at
+system startup. The contents are written to the special file
+/sys/fs/smackfs/load2. Rules can be added at any time and take effect
+immediately. For any pair of subject and object labels there can be only
+one rule, with the most recently specified overriding any earlier
+specification.
+
+Task Attribute
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Smack label of a process can be read from /proc/<pid>/attr/current. A
+process can read its own Smack label from /proc/self/attr/current. A
+privileged process can change its own Smack label by writing to
+/proc/self/attr/current but not the label of another process.
+
+File Attribute
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Smack label of a filesystem object is stored as an extended attribute
+named SMACK64 on the file. This attribute is in the security namespace. It can
+only be changed by a process with privilege.
+
+Privilege
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+A process with CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE or CAP_MAC_ADMIN is privileged.
+CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE allows the process access to objects it would
+be denied otherwise. CAP_MAC_ADMIN allows a process to change
+Smack data, including rules and attributes.
+
+Smack Networking
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As mentioned before, Smack enforces access control on network protocol
+transmissions. Every packet sent by a Smack process is tagged with its Smack
+label. This is done by adding a CIPSO tag to the header of the IP packet. Each
+packet received is expected to have a CIPSO tag that identifies the label and
+if it lacks such a tag the network ambient label is assumed. Before the packet
+is delivered a check is made to determine that a subject with the label on the
+packet has write access to the receiving process and if that is not the case
+the packet is dropped.
+
+CIPSO Configuration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It is normally unnecessary to specify the CIPSO configuration. The default
+values used by the system handle all internal cases. Smack will compose CIPSO
+label values to match the Smack labels being used without administrative
+intervention. Unlabeled packets that come into the system will be given the
+ambient label.
+
+Smack requires configuration in the case where packets from a system that is
+not Smack that speaks CIPSO may be encountered. Usually this will be a Trusted
+Solaris system, but there are other, less widely deployed systems out there.
+CIPSO provides 3 important values, a Domain Of Interpretation (DOI), a level,
+and a category set with each packet. The DOI is intended to identify a group
+of systems that use compatible labeling schemes, and the DOI specified on the
+Smack system must match that of the remote system or packets will be
+discarded. The DOI is 3 by default. The value can be read from
+/sys/fs/smackfs/doi and can be changed by writing to /sys/fs/smackfs/doi.
+
+The label and category set are mapped to a Smack label as defined in
+/etc/smack/cipso.
+
+A Smack/CIPSO mapping has the form::
+
+ smack level [category [category]*]
+
+Smack does not expect the level or category sets to be related in any
+particular way and does not assume or assign accesses based on them. Some
+examples of mappings::
+
+ TopSecret 7
+ TS:A,B 7 1 2
+ SecBDE 5 2 4 6
+ RAFTERS 7 12 26
+
+The ":" and "," characters are permitted in a Smack label but have no special
+meaning.
+
+The mapping of Smack labels to CIPSO values is defined by writing to
+/sys/fs/smackfs/cipso2.
+
+In addition to explicit mappings Smack supports direct CIPSO mappings. One
+CIPSO level is used to indicate that the category set passed in the packet is
+in fact an encoding of the Smack label. The level used is 250 by default. The
+value can be read from /sys/fs/smackfs/direct and changed by writing to
+/sys/fs/smackfs/direct.
+
+Socket Attributes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+There are two attributes that are associated with sockets. These attributes
+can only be set by privileged tasks, but any task can read them for their own
+sockets.
+
+ SMACK64IPIN:
+ The Smack label of the task object. A privileged
+ program that will enforce policy may set this to the star label.
+
+ SMACK64IPOUT:
+ The Smack label transmitted with outgoing packets.
+ A privileged program may set this to match the label of another
+ task with which it hopes to communicate.
+
+Smack Netlabel Exceptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You will often find that your labeled application has to talk to the outside,
+unlabeled world. To do this there's a special file /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+where you can add some exceptions in the form of::
+
+ @IP1 LABEL1 or
+ @IP2/MASK LABEL2
+
+It means that your application will have unlabeled access to @IP1 if it has
+write access on LABEL1, and access to the subnet @IP2/MASK if it has write
+access on LABEL2.
+
+Entries in the /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel file are matched by longest mask
+first, like in classless IPv4 routing.
+
+A special label '@' and an option '-CIPSO' can be used there::
+
+ @ means Internet, any application with any label has access to it
+ -CIPSO means standard CIPSO networking
+
+If you don't know what CIPSO is and don't plan to use it, you can just do::
+
+ echo 127.0.0.1 -CIPSO > /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+ echo 0.0.0.0/0 @ > /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+
+If you use CIPSO on your 192.168.0.0/16 local network and need also unlabeled
+Internet access, you can have::
+
+ echo 127.0.0.1 -CIPSO > /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+ echo 192.168.0.0/16 -CIPSO > /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+ echo 0.0.0.0/0 @ > /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+
+Writing Applications for Smack
+------------------------------
+
+There are three sorts of applications that will run on a Smack system. How an
+application interacts with Smack will determine what it will have to do to
+work properly under Smack.
+
+Smack Ignorant Applications
+---------------------------
+
+By far the majority of applications have no reason whatever to care about the
+unique properties of Smack. Since invoking a program has no impact on the
+Smack label associated with the process the only concern likely to arise is
+whether the process has execute access to the program.
+
+Smack Relevant Applications
+---------------------------
+
+Some programs can be improved by teaching them about Smack, but do not make
+any security decisions themselves. The utility ls(1) is one example of such a
+program.
+
+Smack Enforcing Applications
+----------------------------
+
+These are special programs that not only know about Smack, but participate in
+the enforcement of system policy. In most cases these are the programs that
+set up user sessions. There are also network services that provide information
+to processes running with various labels.
+
+File System Interfaces
+----------------------
+
+Smack maintains labels on file system objects using extended attributes. The
+Smack label of a file, directory, or other file system object can be obtained
+using getxattr(2)::
+
+ len = getxattr("/", "security.SMACK64", value, sizeof (value));
+
+will put the Smack label of the root directory into value. A privileged
+process can set the Smack label of a file system object with setxattr(2)::
+
+ len = strlen("Rubble");
+ rc = setxattr("/foo", "security.SMACK64", "Rubble", len, 0);
+
+will set the Smack label of /foo to "Rubble" if the program has appropriate
+privilege.
+
+Socket Interfaces
+-----------------
+
+The socket attributes can be read using fgetxattr(2).
+
+A privileged process can set the Smack label of outgoing packets with
+fsetxattr(2)::
+
+ len = strlen("Rubble");
+ rc = fsetxattr(fd, "security.SMACK64IPOUT", "Rubble", len, 0);
+
+will set the Smack label "Rubble" on packets going out from the socket if the
+program has appropriate privilege::
+
+ rc = fsetxattr(fd, "security.SMACK64IPIN, "*", strlen("*"), 0);
+
+will set the Smack label "*" as the object label against which incoming
+packets will be checked if the program has appropriate privilege.
+
+Administration
+--------------
+
+Smack supports some mount options:
+
+ smackfsdef=label:
+ specifies the label to give files that lack
+ the Smack label extended attribute.
+
+ smackfsroot=label:
+ specifies the label to assign the root of the
+ file system if it lacks the Smack extended attribute.
+
+ smackfshat=label:
+ specifies a label that must have read access to
+ all labels set on the filesystem. Not yet enforced.
+
+ smackfsfloor=label:
+ specifies a label to which all labels set on the
+ filesystem must have read access. Not yet enforced.
+
+ smackfstransmute=label:
+ behaves exactly like smackfsroot except that it also
+ sets the transmute flag on the root of the mount
+
+These mount options apply to all file system types.
+
+Smack auditing
+--------------
+
+If you want Smack auditing of security events, you need to set CONFIG_AUDIT
+in your kernel configuration.
+By default, all denied events will be audited. You can change this behavior by
+writing a single character to the /sys/fs/smackfs/logging file::
+
+ 0 : no logging
+ 1 : log denied (default)
+ 2 : log accepted
+ 3 : log denied & accepted
+
+Events are logged as 'key=value' pairs, for each event you at least will get
+the subject, the object, the rights requested, the action, the kernel function
+that triggered the event, plus other pairs depending on the type of event
+audited.
+
+Bringup Mode
+------------
+
+Bringup mode provides logging features that can make application
+configuration and system bringup easier. Configure the kernel with
+CONFIG_SECURITY_SMACK_BRINGUP to enable these features. When bringup
+mode is enabled accesses that succeed due to rules marked with the "b"
+access mode will logged. When a new label is introduced for processes
+rules can be added aggressively, marked with the "b". The logging allows
+tracking of which rules actual get used for that label.
+
+Another feature of bringup mode is the "unconfined" option. Writing
+a label to /sys/fs/smackfs/unconfined makes subjects with that label
+able to access any object, and objects with that label accessible to
+all subjects. Any access that is granted because a label is unconfined
+is logged. This feature is dangerous, as files and directories may
+be created in places they couldn't if the policy were being enforced.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d9cd937ebd2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+====
+Yama
+====
+
+Yama is a Linux Security Module that collects system-wide DAC security
+protections that are not handled by the core kernel itself. This is
+selectable at build-time with ``CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA``, and can be controlled
+at run-time through sysctls in ``/proc/sys/kernel/yama``:
+
+ptrace_scope
+============
+
+As Linux grows in popularity, it will become a larger target for
+malware. One particularly troubling weakness of the Linux process
+interfaces is that a single user is able to examine the memory and
+running state of any of their processes. For example, if one application
+(e.g. Pidgin) was compromised, it would be possible for an attacker to
+attach to other running processes (e.g. Firefox, SSH sessions, GPG agent,
+etc) to extract additional credentials and continue to expand the scope
+of their attack without resorting to user-assisted phishing.
+
+This is not a theoretical problem. `SSH session hijacking
+<https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-05/bh-us-05-boileau.pdf>`_
+and `arbitrary code injection
+<https://c-skills.blogspot.com/2007/05/injectso.html>`_ attacks already
+exist and remain possible if ptrace is allowed to operate as before.
+Since ptrace is not commonly used by non-developers and non-admins, system
+builders should be allowed the option to disable this debugging system.
+
+For a solution, some applications use ``prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, ...)`` to
+specifically disallow such ptrace attachment (e.g. ssh-agent), but many
+do not. A more general solution is to only allow ptrace directly from a
+parent to a child process (i.e. direct "gdb EXE" and "strace EXE" still
+work), or with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE`` (i.e. "gdb --pid=PID", and "strace -p PID"
+still work as root).
+
+In mode 1, software that has defined application-specific relationships
+between a debugging process and its inferior (crash handlers, etc),
+``prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER, pid, ...)`` can be used. An inferior can declare which
+other process (and its descendants) are allowed to call ``PTRACE_ATTACH``
+against it. Only one such declared debugging process can exists for
+each inferior at a time. For example, this is used by KDE, Chromium, and
+Firefox's crash handlers, and by Wine for allowing only Wine processes
+to ptrace each other. If a process wishes to entirely disable these ptrace
+restrictions, it can call ``prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER, PR_SET_PTRACER_ANY, ...)``
+so that any otherwise allowed process (even those in external pid namespaces)
+may attach.
+
+The sysctl settings (writable only with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE``) are:
+
+0 - classic ptrace permissions:
+ a process can ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` to any other
+ process running under the same uid, as long as it is dumpable (i.e.
+ did not transition uids, start privileged, or have called
+ ``prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE...)`` already). Similarly, ``PTRACE_TRACEME`` is
+ unchanged.
+
+1 - restricted ptrace:
+ a process must have a predefined relationship
+ with the inferior it wants to call ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` on. By default,
+ this relationship is that of only its descendants when the above
+ classic criteria is also met. To change the relationship, an
+ inferior can call ``prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER, debugger, ...)`` to declare
+ an allowed debugger PID to call ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` on the inferior.
+ Using ``PTRACE_TRACEME`` is unchanged.
+
+2 - admin-only attach:
+ only processes with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE`` may use ptrace, either with
+ ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` or through children calling ``PTRACE_TRACEME``.
+
+3 - no attach:
+ no processes may use ptrace with ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` nor via
+ ``PTRACE_TRACEME``. Once set, this sysctl value cannot be changed.
+
+The original children-only logic was based on the restrictions in grsecurity.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/apparmor.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/apparmor.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..47939ee89d74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/apparmor.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+========
+AppArmor
+========
+
+What is AppArmor?
+=================
+
+AppArmor is MAC style security extension for the Linux kernel. It implements
+a task centered policy, with task "profiles" being created and loaded
+from user space. Tasks on the system that do not have a profile defined for
+them run in an unconfined state which is equivalent to standard Linux DAC
+permissions.
+
+How to enable/disable
+=====================
+
+set ``CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR=y``
+
+If AppArmor should be selected as the default security module then set::
+
+ CONFIG_DEFAULT_SECURITY_APPARMOR=y
+
+The CONFIG_LSM parameter manages the order and selection of LSMs.
+Specify apparmor as the first "major" module (e.g. AppArmor, SELinux, Smack)
+in the list.
+
+Build the kernel
+
+If AppArmor is not the default security module it can be enabled by passing
+``security=apparmor`` on the kernel's command line.
+
+If AppArmor is the default security module it can be disabled by passing
+``apparmor=0, security=XXXX`` (where ``XXXX`` is valid security module), on the
+kernel's command line.
+
+For AppArmor to enforce any restrictions beyond standard Linux DAC permissions
+policy must be loaded into the kernel from user space (see the Documentation
+and tools links).
+
+Documentation
+=============
+
+Documentation can be found on the wiki, linked below.
+
+Links
+=====
+
+Mailing List - apparmor@lists.ubuntu.com
+
+Wiki - http://wiki.apparmor.net
+
+User space tools - https://gitlab.com/apparmor
+
+Kernel module - git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jj/linux-apparmor
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b44ef68f6e4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+===========================
+Linux Security Module Usage
+===========================
+
+The Linux Security Module (LSM) framework provides a mechanism for
+various security checks to be hooked by new kernel extensions. The name
+"module" is a bit of a misnomer since these extensions are not actually
+loadable kernel modules. Instead, they are selectable at build-time via
+CONFIG_DEFAULT_SECURITY and can be overridden at boot-time via the
+``"security=..."`` kernel command line argument, in the case where multiple
+LSMs were built into a given kernel.
+
+The primary users of the LSM interface are Mandatory Access Control
+(MAC) extensions which provide a comprehensive security policy. Examples
+include SELinux, Smack, Tomoyo, and AppArmor. In addition to the larger
+MAC extensions, other extensions can be built using the LSM to provide
+specific changes to system operation when these tweaks are not available
+in the core functionality of Linux itself.
+
+The Linux capabilities modules will always be included. This may be
+followed by any number of "minor" modules and at most one "major" module.
+For more details on capabilities, see ``capabilities(7)`` in the Linux
+man-pages project.
+
+A list of the active security modules can be found by reading
+``/sys/kernel/security/lsm``. This is a comma separated list, and
+will always include the capability module. The list reflects the
+order in which checks are made. The capability module will always
+be first, followed by any "minor" modules (e.g. Yama) and then
+the one "major" module (e.g. SELinux) if there is one configured.
+
+Process attributes associated with "major" security modules should
+be accessed and maintained using the special files in ``/proc/.../attr``.
+A security module may maintain a module specific subdirectory there,
+named after the module. ``/proc/.../attr/smack`` is provided by the Smack
+security module and contains all its special files. The files directly
+in ``/proc/.../attr`` remain as legacy interfaces for modules that provide
+subdirectories.
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ apparmor
+ LoadPin
+ SELinux
+ Smack
+ tomoyo
+ Yama
+ SafeSetID
+ ipe
+ landlock
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/ipe.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/ipe.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dc7088451f9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/ipe.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,824 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Integrity Policy Enforcement (IPE)
+==================================
+
+.. NOTE::
+
+ This is the documentation for admins, system builders, or individuals
+ attempting to use IPE. If you're looking for more developer-focused
+ documentation about IPE please see :doc:`the design docs </security/ipe>`.
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+Integrity Policy Enforcement (IPE) is a Linux Security Module that takes a
+complementary approach to access control. Unlike traditional access control
+mechanisms that rely on labels and paths for decision-making, IPE focuses
+on the immutable security properties inherent to system components. These
+properties are fundamental attributes or features of a system component
+that cannot be altered, ensuring a consistent and reliable basis for
+security decisions.
+
+To elaborate, in the context of IPE, system components primarily refer to
+files or the devices these files reside on. However, this is just a
+starting point. The concept of system components is flexible and can be
+extended to include new elements as the system evolves. The immutable
+properties include the origin of a file, which remains constant and
+unchangeable over time. For example, IPE policies can be crafted to trust
+files originating from the initramfs. Since initramfs is typically verified
+by the bootloader, its files are deemed trustworthy; "file is from
+initramfs" becomes an immutable property under IPE's consideration.
+
+The immutable property concept extends to the security features enabled on
+a file's origin, such as dm-verity or fs-verity, which provide a layer of
+integrity and trust. For example, IPE allows the definition of policies
+that trust files from a dm-verity protected device. dm-verity ensures the
+integrity of an entire device by providing a verifiable and immutable state
+of its contents. Similarly, fs-verity offers filesystem-level integrity
+checks, allowing IPE to enforce policies that trust files protected by
+fs-verity. These two features cannot be turned off once established, so
+they are considered immutable properties. These examples demonstrate how
+IPE leverages immutable properties, such as a file's origin and its
+integrity protection mechanisms, to make access control decisions.
+
+For the IPE policy, specifically, it grants the ability to enforce
+stringent access controls by assessing security properties against
+reference values defined within the policy. This assessment can be based on
+the existence of a security property (e.g., verifying if a file originates
+from initramfs) or evaluating the internal state of an immutable security
+property. The latter includes checking the roothash of a dm-verity
+protected device, determining whether dm-verity possesses a valid
+signature, assessing the digest of a fs-verity protected file, or
+determining whether fs-verity possesses a valid built-in signature. This
+nuanced approach to policy enforcement enables a highly secure and
+customizable system defense mechanism, tailored to specific security
+requirements and trust models.
+
+To enable IPE, ensure that ``CONFIG_SECURITY_IPE`` (under
+:menuselection:`Security -> Integrity Policy Enforcement (IPE)`) config
+option is enabled.
+
+Use Cases
+---------
+
+IPE works best in fixed-function devices: devices in which their purpose
+is clearly defined and not supposed to be changed (e.g. network firewall
+device in a data center, an IoT device, etcetera), where all software and
+configuration is built and provisioned by the system owner.
+
+IPE is a long-way off for use in general-purpose computing: the Linux
+community as a whole tends to follow a decentralized trust model (known as
+the web of trust), which IPE has no support for it yet. Instead, IPE
+supports PKI (public key infrastructure), which generally designates a
+set of trusted entities that provide a measure of absolute trust.
+
+Additionally, while most packages are signed today, the files inside
+the packages (for instance, the executables), tend to be unsigned. This
+makes it difficult to utilize IPE in systems where a package manager is
+expected to be functional, without major changes to the package manager
+and ecosystem behind it.
+
+The digest_cache LSM [#digest_cache_lsm]_ is a system that when combined with IPE,
+could be used to enable and support general-purpose computing use cases.
+
+Known Limitations
+-----------------
+
+IPE cannot verify the integrity of anonymous executable memory, such as
+the trampolines created by gcc closures and libffi (<3.4.2), or JIT'd code.
+Unfortunately, as this is dynamically generated code, there is no way
+for IPE to ensure the integrity of this code to form a trust basis.
+
+IPE cannot verify the integrity of programs written in interpreted
+languages when these scripts are invoked by passing these program files
+to the interpreter. This is because the way interpreters execute these
+files; the scripts themselves are not evaluated as executable code
+through one of IPE's hooks, but they are merely text files that are read
+(as opposed to compiled executables) [#interpreters]_.
+
+Threat Model
+------------
+
+IPE specifically targets the risk of tampering with user-space executable
+code after the kernel has initially booted, including the kernel modules
+loaded from userspace via ``modprobe`` or ``insmod``.
+
+To illustrate, consider a scenario where an untrusted binary, possibly
+malicious, is downloaded along with all necessary dependencies, including a
+loader and libc. The primary function of IPE in this context is to prevent
+the execution of such binaries and their dependencies.
+
+IPE achieves this by verifying the integrity and authenticity of all
+executable code before allowing them to run. It conducts a thorough
+check to ensure that the code's integrity is intact and that they match an
+authorized reference value (digest, signature, etc) as per the defined
+policy. If a binary does not pass this verification process, either
+because its integrity has been compromised or it does not meet the
+authorization criteria, IPE will deny its execution. Additionally, IPE
+generates audit logs which may be utilized to detect and analyze failures
+resulting from policy violation.
+
+Tampering threat scenarios include modification or replacement of
+executable code by a range of actors including:
+
+- Actors with physical access to the hardware
+- Actors with local network access to the system
+- Actors with access to the deployment system
+- Compromised internal systems under external control
+- Malicious end users of the system
+- Compromised end users of the system
+- Remote (external) compromise of the system
+
+IPE does not mitigate threats arising from malicious but authorized
+developers (with access to a signing certificate), or compromised
+developer tools used by them (i.e. return-oriented programming attacks).
+Additionally, IPE draws hard security boundary between userspace and
+kernelspace. As a result, kernel-level exploits are considered outside
+the scope of IPE and mitigation is left to other mechanisms.
+
+Policy
+------
+
+IPE policy is a plain-text [#devdoc]_ policy composed of multiple statements
+over several lines. There is one required line, at the top of the
+policy, indicating the policy name, and the policy version, for
+instance::
+
+ policy_name=Ex_Policy policy_version=0.0.0
+
+The policy name is a unique key identifying this policy in a human
+readable name. This is used to create nodes under securityfs as well as
+uniquely identify policies to deploy new policies vs update existing
+policies.
+
+The policy version indicates the current version of the policy (NOT the
+policy syntax version). This is used to prevent rollback of policy to
+potentially insecure previous versions of the policy.
+
+The next portion of IPE policy are rules. Rules are formed by key=value
+pairs, known as properties. IPE rules require two properties: ``action``,
+which determines what IPE does when it encounters a match against the
+rule, and ``op``, which determines when the rule should be evaluated.
+The ordering is significant, a rule must start with ``op``, and end with
+``action``. Thus, a minimal rule is::
+
+ op=EXECUTE action=ALLOW
+
+This example will allow any execution. Additional properties are used to
+assess immutable security properties about the files being evaluated.
+These properties are intended to be descriptions of systems within the
+kernel that can provide a measure of integrity verification, such that IPE
+can determine the trust of the resource based on the value of the property.
+
+Rules are evaluated top-to-bottom. As a result, any revocation rules,
+or denies should be placed early in the file to ensure that these rules
+are evaluated before a rule with ``action=ALLOW``.
+
+IPE policy supports comments. The character '#' will function as a
+comment, ignoring all characters to the right of '#' until the newline.
+
+The default behavior of IPE evaluations can also be expressed in policy,
+through the ``DEFAULT`` statement. This can be done at a global level,
+or a per-operation level::
+
+ # Global
+ DEFAULT action=ALLOW
+
+ # Operation Specific
+ DEFAULT op=EXECUTE action=ALLOW
+
+A default must be set for all known operations in IPE. If you want to
+preserve older policies being compatible with newer kernels that can introduce
+new operations, set a global default of ``ALLOW``, then override the
+defaults on a per-operation basis (as above).
+
+With configurable policy-based LSMs, there's several issues with
+enforcing the configurable policies at startup, around reading and
+parsing the policy:
+
+1. The kernel *should* not read files from userspace, so directly reading
+ the policy file is prohibited.
+2. The kernel command line has a character limit, and one kernel module
+ should not reserve the entire character limit for its own
+ configuration.
+3. There are various boot loaders in the kernel ecosystem, so handing
+ off a memory block would be costly to maintain.
+
+As a result, IPE has addressed this problem through a concept of a "boot
+policy". A boot policy is a minimal policy which is compiled into the
+kernel. This policy is intended to get the system to a state where
+userspace is set up and ready to receive commands, at which point a more
+complex policy can be deployed via securityfs. The boot policy can be
+specified via ``SECURITY_IPE_BOOT_POLICY`` config option, which accepts
+a path to a plain-text version of the IPE policy to apply. This policy
+will be compiled into the kernel. If not specified, IPE will be disabled
+until a policy is deployed and activated through securityfs.
+
+Deploying Policies
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Policies can be deployed from userspace through securityfs. These policies
+are signed through the PKCS#7 message format to enforce some level of
+authorization of the policies (prohibiting an attacker from gaining
+unconstrained root, and deploying an "allow all" policy). These
+policies must be signed by a certificate that chains to the
+``SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING``, or to the secondary and/or platform keyrings if
+``CONFIG_IPE_POLICY_SIG_SECONDARY_KEYRING`` and/or
+``CONFIG_IPE_POLICY_SIG_PLATFORM_KEYRING`` are enabled, respectively.
+With openssl, the policy can be signed by::
+
+ openssl smime -sign \
+ -in "$MY_POLICY" \
+ -signer "$MY_CERTIFICATE" \
+ -inkey "$MY_PRIVATE_KEY" \
+ -noattr \
+ -nodetach \
+ -nosmimecap \
+ -outform der \
+ -out "$MY_POLICY.p7b"
+
+Deploying the policies is done through securityfs, through the
+``new_policy`` node. To deploy a policy, simply cat the file into the
+securityfs node::
+
+ cat "$MY_POLICY.p7b" > /sys/kernel/security/ipe/new_policy
+
+Upon success, this will create one subdirectory under
+``/sys/kernel/security/ipe/policies/``. The subdirectory will be the
+``policy_name`` field of the policy deployed, so for the example above,
+the directory will be ``/sys/kernel/security/ipe/policies/Ex_Policy``.
+Within this directory, there will be seven files: ``pkcs7``, ``policy``,
+``name``, ``version``, ``active``, ``update``, and ``delete``.
+
+The ``pkcs7`` file is read-only. Reading it returns the raw PKCS#7 data
+that was provided to the kernel, representing the policy. If the policy being
+read is the boot policy, this will return ``ENOENT``, as it is not signed.
+
+The ``policy`` file is read only. Reading it returns the PKCS#7 inner
+content of the policy, which will be the plain text policy.
+
+The ``active`` file is used to set a policy as the currently active policy.
+This file is rw, and accepts a value of ``"1"`` to set the policy as active.
+Since only a single policy can be active at one time, all other policies
+will be marked inactive. The policy being marked active must have a policy
+version greater or equal to the currently-running version.
+
+The ``update`` file is used to update a policy that is already present
+in the kernel. This file is write-only and accepts a PKCS#7 signed
+policy. Two checks will always be performed on this policy: First, the
+``policy_names`` must match with the updated version and the existing
+version. Second the updated policy must have a policy version greater than
+the currently-running version. This is to prevent rollback attacks.
+
+The ``delete`` file is used to remove a policy that is no longer needed.
+This file is write-only and accepts a value of ``1`` to delete the policy.
+On deletion, the securityfs node representing the policy will be removed.
+However, delete the current active policy is not allowed and will return
+an operation not permitted error.
+
+Similarly, writing to both ``update`` and ``new_policy`` could result in
+bad message(policy syntax error) or file exists error. The latter error happens
+when trying to deploy a policy with a ``policy_name`` while the kernel already
+has a deployed policy with the same ``policy_name``.
+
+Deploying a policy will *not* cause IPE to start enforcing the policy. IPE will
+only enforce the policy marked active. Note that only one policy can be active
+at a time.
+
+Once deployment is successful, the policy can be activated, by writing file
+``/sys/kernel/security/ipe/policies/$policy_name/active``.
+For example, the ``Ex_Policy`` can be activated by::
+
+ echo 1 > "/sys/kernel/security/ipe/policies/Ex_Policy/active"
+
+From above point on, ``Ex_Policy`` is now the enforced policy on the
+system.
+
+IPE also provides a way to delete policies. This can be done via the
+``delete`` securityfs node,
+``/sys/kernel/security/ipe/policies/$policy_name/delete``.
+Writing ``1`` to that file deletes the policy::
+
+ echo 1 > "/sys/kernel/security/ipe/policies/$policy_name/delete"
+
+There is only one requirement to delete a policy: the policy being deleted
+must be inactive.
+
+.. NOTE::
+
+ If a traditional MAC system is enabled (SELinux, apparmor, smack), all
+ writes to ipe's securityfs nodes require ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN``.
+
+Modes
+~~~~~
+
+IPE supports two modes of operation: permissive (similar to SELinux's
+permissive mode) and enforced. In permissive mode, all events are
+checked and policy violations are logged, but the policy is not really
+enforced. This allows users to test policies before enforcing them.
+
+The default mode is enforce, and can be changed via the kernel command
+line parameter ``ipe.enforce=(0|1)``, or the securityfs node
+``/sys/kernel/security/ipe/enforce``.
+
+.. NOTE::
+
+ If a traditional MAC system is enabled (SELinux, apparmor, smack, etcetera),
+ all writes to ipe's securityfs nodes require ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN``.
+
+Audit Events
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+1420 AUDIT_IPE_ACCESS
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Event Examples::
+
+ type=1420 audit(1653364370.067:61): ipe_op=EXECUTE ipe_hook=MMAP enforcing=1 pid=2241 comm="ld-linux.so" path="/deny/lib/libc.so.6" dev="sda2" ino=14549020 rule="DEFAULT action=DENY"
+ type=1300 audit(1653364370.067:61): SYSCALL arch=c000003e syscall=9 success=no exit=-13 a0=7f1105a28000 a1=195000 a2=5 a3=812 items=0 ppid=2219 pid=2241 auid=0 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts0 ses=2 comm="ld-linux.so" exe="/tmp/ipe-test/lib/ld-linux.so" subj=unconfined key=(null)
+ type=1327 audit(1653364370.067:61): 707974686F6E3300746573742F6D61696E2E7079002D6E00
+
+ type=1420 audit(1653364735.161:64): ipe_op=EXECUTE ipe_hook=MMAP enforcing=1 pid=2472 comm="mmap_test" path=? dev=? ino=? rule="DEFAULT action=DENY"
+ type=1300 audit(1653364735.161:64): SYSCALL arch=c000003e syscall=9 success=no exit=-13 a0=0 a1=1000 a2=4 a3=21 items=0 ppid=2219 pid=2472 auid=0 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts0 ses=2 comm="mmap_test" exe="/root/overlake_test/upstream_test/vol_fsverity/bin/mmap_test" subj=unconfined key=(null)
+ type=1327 audit(1653364735.161:64): 707974686F6E3300746573742F6D61696E2E7079002D6E00
+
+This event indicates that IPE made an access control decision; the IPE
+specific record (1420) is always emitted in conjunction with a
+``AUDITSYSCALL`` record.
+
+Determining whether IPE is in permissive or enforced mode can be derived
+from ``success`` property and exit code of the ``AUDITSYSCALL`` record.
+
+
+Field descriptions:
+
++-----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Field | Value Type | Optional? | Description of Value |
++===========+============+===========+=================================================================================+
+| ipe_op | string | No | The IPE operation name associated with the log |
++-----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ipe_hook | string | No | The name of the LSM hook that triggered the IPE event |
++-----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| enforcing | integer | No | The current IPE enforcing state 1 is in enforcing mode, 0 is in permissive mode |
++-----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| pid | integer | No | The pid of the process that triggered the IPE event. |
++-----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| comm | string | No | The command line program name of the process that triggered the IPE event |
++-----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| path | string | Yes | The absolute path to the evaluated file |
++-----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ino | integer | Yes | The inode number of the evaluated file |
++-----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| dev | string | Yes | The device name of the evaluated file, e.g. vda |
++-----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| rule | string | No | The matched policy rule |
++-----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+1421 AUDIT_IPE_CONFIG_CHANGE
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Event Example::
+
+ type=1421 audit(1653425583.136:54): old_active_pol_name="Allow_All" old_active_pol_version=0.0.0 old_policy_digest=sha256:E3B0C44298FC1C149AFBF4C8996FB92427AE41E4649B934CA495991B7852B855 new_active_pol_name="boot_verified" new_active_pol_version=0.0.0 new_policy_digest=sha256:820EEA5B40CA42B51F68962354BA083122A20BB846F26765076DD8EED7B8F4DB auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 lsm=ipe res=1
+ type=1300 audit(1653425583.136:54): SYSCALL arch=c000003e syscall=1 success=yes exit=2 a0=3 a1=5596fcae1fb0 a2=2 a3=2 items=0 ppid=184 pid=229 auid=4294967295 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts0 ses=4294967295 comm="python3" exe="/usr/bin/python3.10" key=(null)
+ type=1327 audit(1653425583.136:54): PROCTITLE proctitle=707974686F6E3300746573742F6D61696E2E7079002D66002E2
+
+This event indicates that IPE switched the active poliy from one to another
+along with the version and the hash digest of the two policies.
+Note IPE can only have one policy active at a time, all access decision
+evaluation is based on the current active policy.
+The normal procedure to deploy a new policy is loading the policy to deploy
+into the kernel first, then switch the active policy to it.
+
+This record will always be emitted in conjunction with a ``AUDITSYSCALL`` record for the ``write`` syscall.
+
+Field descriptions:
+
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+| Field | Value Type | Optional? | Description of Value |
++========================+============+===========+===================================================+
+| old_active_pol_name | string | Yes | The name of previous active policy |
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+| old_active_pol_version | string | Yes | The version of previous active policy |
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+| old_policy_digest | string | Yes | The hash of previous active policy |
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+| new_active_pol_name | string | No | The name of current active policy |
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+| new_active_pol_version | string | No | The version of current active policy |
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+| new_policy_digest | string | No | The hash of current active policy |
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+| auid | integer | No | The login user ID |
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+| ses | integer | No | The login session ID |
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+| lsm | string | No | The lsm name associated with the event |
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+| res | integer | No | The result of the audited operation(success/fail) |
++------------------------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------+
+
+1422 AUDIT_IPE_POLICY_LOAD
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Event Example::
+
+ type=1422 audit(1653425529.927:53): policy_name="boot_verified" policy_version=0.0.0 policy_digest=sha256:820EEA5B40CA42B51F68962354BA083122A20BB846F26765076DD8EED7B8F4DB auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 lsm=ipe res=1 errno=0
+ type=1300 audit(1653425529.927:53): arch=c000003e syscall=1 success=yes exit=2567 a0=3 a1=5596fcae1fb0 a2=a07 a3=2 items=0 ppid=184 pid=229 auid=4294967295 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts0 ses=4294967295 comm="python3" exe="/usr/bin/python3.10" key=(null)
+ type=1327 audit(1653425529.927:53): PROCTITLE proctitle=707974686F6E3300746573742F6D61696E2E7079002D66002E2E
+
+This record indicates a new policy has been loaded into the kernel with the policy name, policy version and policy hash.
+
+This record will always be emitted in conjunction with a ``AUDITSYSCALL`` record for the ``write`` syscall.
+
+Field descriptions:
+
++----------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Field | Value Type | Optional? | Description of Value |
++================+============+===========+=============================================================+
+| policy_name | string | Yes | The policy_name |
++----------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+| policy_version | string | Yes | The policy_version |
++----------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+| policy_digest | string | Yes | The policy hash |
++----------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+| auid | integer | No | The login user ID |
++----------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ses | integer | No | The login session ID |
++----------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+| lsm | string | No | The lsm name associated with the event |
++----------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+| res | integer | No | The result of the audited operation(success/fail) |
++----------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+| errno | integer | No | Error code from policy loading operations (see table below) |
++----------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Policy error codes (errno):
+
+The following table lists the error codes that may appear in the errno field while loading or updating the policy:
+
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| Error Code | Description |
++================+========================================================+
+| 0 | Success |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| -EPERM | Insufficient permission |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| -EEXIST | Same name policy already deployed |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| -EBADMSG | Policy is invalid |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| -ENOMEM | Out of memory (OOM) |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| -ERANGE | Policy version number overflow |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| -EINVAL | Policy version parsing error |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| -ENOKEY | Key used to sign the IPE policy not found in keyring |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| -EKEYREJECTED | Policy signature verification failed |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| -ESTALE | Attempting to update an IPE policy with older version |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+| -ENOENT | Policy was deleted while updating |
++----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+
+1404 AUDIT_MAC_STATUS
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Event Examples::
+
+ type=1404 audit(1653425689.008:55): enforcing=0 old_enforcing=1 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 enabled=1 old-enabled=1 lsm=ipe res=1
+ type=1300 audit(1653425689.008:55): arch=c000003e syscall=1 success=yes exit=2 a0=1 a1=55c1065e5c60 a2=2 a3=0 items=0 ppid=405 pid=441 auid=0 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=)
+ type=1327 audit(1653425689.008:55): proctitle="-bash"
+
+ type=1404 audit(1653425689.008:55): enforcing=1 old_enforcing=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 enabled=1 old-enabled=1 lsm=ipe res=1
+ type=1300 audit(1653425689.008:55): arch=c000003e syscall=1 success=yes exit=2 a0=1 a1=55c1065e5c60 a2=2 a3=0 items=0 ppid=405 pid=441 auid=0 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=)
+ type=1327 audit(1653425689.008:55): proctitle="-bash"
+
+This record will always be emitted in conjunction with a ``AUDITSYSCALL`` record for the ``write`` syscall.
+
+Field descriptions:
+
++---------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Field | Value Type | Optional? | Description of Value |
++===============+============+===========+=================================================================================================+
+| enforcing | integer | No | The enforcing state IPE is being switched to, 1 is in enforcing mode, 0 is in permissive mode |
++---------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| old_enforcing | integer | No | The enforcing state IPE is being switched from, 1 is in enforcing mode, 0 is in permissive mode |
++---------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| auid | integer | No | The login user ID |
++---------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ses | integer | No | The login session ID |
++---------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| enabled | integer | No | The new TTY audit enabled setting |
++---------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| old-enabled | integer | No | The old TTY audit enabled setting |
++---------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| lsm | string | No | The lsm name associated with the event |
++---------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| res | integer | No | The result of the audited operation(success/fail) |
++---------------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+Success Auditing
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+IPE supports success auditing. When enabled, all events that pass IPE
+policy and are not blocked will emit an audit event. This is disabled by
+default, and can be enabled via the kernel command line
+``ipe.success_audit=(0|1)`` or
+``/sys/kernel/security/ipe/success_audit`` securityfs file.
+
+This is *very* noisy, as IPE will check every userspace binary on the
+system, but is useful for debugging policies.
+
+.. NOTE::
+
+ If a traditional MAC system is enabled (SELinux, apparmor, smack, etcetera),
+ all writes to ipe's securityfs nodes require ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN``.
+
+Properties
+----------
+
+As explained above, IPE properties are ``key=value`` pairs expressed in IPE
+policy. Two properties are built-into the policy parser: 'op' and 'action'.
+The other properties are used to restrict immutable security properties
+about the files being evaluated. Currently those properties are:
+'``boot_verified``', '``dmverity_signature``', '``dmverity_roothash``',
+'``fsverity_signature``', '``fsverity_digest``'. A description of all
+properties supported by IPE are listed below:
+
+op
+~~
+
+Indicates the operation for a rule to apply to. Must be in every rule,
+as the first token. IPE supports the following operations:
+
+ ``EXECUTE``
+
+ Pertains to any file attempting to be executed, or loaded as an
+ executable.
+
+ ``FIRMWARE``:
+
+ Pertains to firmware being loaded via the firmware_class interface.
+ This covers both the preallocated buffer and the firmware file
+ itself.
+
+ ``KMODULE``:
+
+ Pertains to loading kernel modules via ``modprobe`` or ``insmod``.
+
+ ``KEXEC_IMAGE``:
+
+ Pertains to kernel images loading via ``kexec``.
+
+ ``KEXEC_INITRAMFS``
+
+ Pertains to initrd images loading via ``kexec --initrd``.
+
+ ``POLICY``:
+
+ Controls loading policies via reading a kernel-space initiated read.
+
+ An example of such is loading IMA policies by writing the path
+ to the policy file to ``$securityfs/ima/policy``
+
+ ``X509_CERT``:
+
+ Controls loading IMA certificates through the Kconfigs,
+ ``CONFIG_IMA_X509_PATH`` and ``CONFIG_EVM_X509_PATH``.
+
+action
+~~~~~~
+
+ Determines what IPE should do when a rule matches. Must be in every
+ rule, as the final clause. Can be one of:
+
+ ``ALLOW``:
+
+ If the rule matches, explicitly allow access to the resource to proceed
+ without executing any more rules.
+
+ ``DENY``:
+
+ If the rule matches, explicitly prohibit access to the resource to
+ proceed without executing any more rules.
+
+boot_verified
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ This property can be utilized for authorization of files from initramfs.
+ The format of this property is::
+
+ boot_verified=(TRUE|FALSE)
+
+
+ .. WARNING::
+
+ This property will trust files from initramfs(rootfs). It should
+ only be used during early booting stage. Before mounting the real
+ rootfs on top of the initramfs, initramfs script will recursively
+ remove all files and directories on the initramfs. This is typically
+ implemented by using switch_root(8) [#switch_root]_. Therefore the
+ initramfs will be empty and not accessible after the real
+ rootfs takes over. It is advised to switch to a different policy
+ that doesn't rely on the property after this point.
+ This ensures that the trust policies remain relevant and effective
+ throughout the system's operation.
+
+dmverity_roothash
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ This property can be utilized for authorization or revocation of
+ specific dm-verity volumes, identified via their root hashes. It has a
+ dependency on the DM_VERITY module. This property is controlled by
+ the ``IPE_PROP_DM_VERITY`` config option, it will be automatically
+ selected when ``SECURITY_IPE`` and ``DM_VERITY`` are all enabled.
+ The format of this property is::
+
+ dmverity_roothash=DigestName:HexadecimalString
+
+ The supported DigestNames for dmverity_roothash are [#dmveritydigests]_
+
+ + blake2b-512
+ + blake2s-256
+ + sha256
+ + sha384
+ + sha512
+ + sha3-224
+ + sha3-256
+ + sha3-384
+ + sha3-512
+ + sm3
+ + rmd160
+
+dmverity_signature
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ This property can be utilized for authorization of all dm-verity
+ volumes that have a signed roothash that validated by a keyring
+ specified by dm-verity's configuration, either the system trusted
+ keyring, or the secondary keyring. It depends on
+ ``DM_VERITY_VERIFY_ROOTHASH_SIG`` config option and is controlled by
+ the ``IPE_PROP_DM_VERITY_SIGNATURE`` config option, it will be automatically
+ selected when ``SECURITY_IPE``, ``DM_VERITY`` and
+ ``DM_VERITY_VERIFY_ROOTHASH_SIG`` are all enabled.
+ The format of this property is::
+
+ dmverity_signature=(TRUE|FALSE)
+
+fsverity_digest
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ This property can be utilized for authorization of specific fsverity
+ enabled files, identified via their fsverity digests.
+ It depends on ``FS_VERITY`` config option and is controlled by
+ the ``IPE_PROP_FS_VERITY`` config option, it will be automatically
+ selected when ``SECURITY_IPE`` and ``FS_VERITY`` are all enabled.
+ The format of this property is::
+
+ fsverity_digest=DigestName:HexadecimalString
+
+ The supported DigestNames for fsverity_digest are [#fsveritydigest]_
+
+ + sha256
+ + sha512
+
+fsverity_signature
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ This property is used to authorize all fs-verity enabled files that have
+ been verified by fs-verity's built-in signature mechanism. The signature
+ verification relies on a key stored within the ".fs-verity" keyring. It
+ depends on ``FS_VERITY_BUILTIN_SIGNATURES`` config option and
+ it is controlled by the ``IPE_PROP_FS_VERITY`` config option,
+ it will be automatically selected when ``SECURITY_IPE``, ``FS_VERITY``
+ and ``FS_VERITY_BUILTIN_SIGNATURES`` are all enabled.
+ The format of this property is::
+
+ fsverity_signature=(TRUE|FALSE)
+
+Policy Examples
+---------------
+
+Allow all
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ policy_name=Allow_All policy_version=0.0.0
+ DEFAULT action=ALLOW
+
+Allow only initramfs
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ policy_name=Allow_Initramfs policy_version=0.0.0
+ DEFAULT action=DENY
+
+ op=EXECUTE boot_verified=TRUE action=ALLOW
+
+Allow any signed and validated dm-verity volume and the initramfs
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ policy_name=Allow_Signed_DMV_And_Initramfs policy_version=0.0.0
+ DEFAULT action=DENY
+
+ op=EXECUTE boot_verified=TRUE action=ALLOW
+ op=EXECUTE dmverity_signature=TRUE action=ALLOW
+
+Prohibit execution from a specific dm-verity volume
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ policy_name=Deny_DMV_By_Roothash policy_version=0.0.0
+ DEFAULT action=DENY
+
+ op=EXECUTE dmverity_roothash=sha256:cd2c5bae7c6c579edaae4353049d58eb5f2e8be0244bf05345bc8e5ed257baff action=DENY
+
+ op=EXECUTE boot_verified=TRUE action=ALLOW
+ op=EXECUTE dmverity_signature=TRUE action=ALLOW
+
+Allow only a specific dm-verity volume
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ policy_name=Allow_DMV_By_Roothash policy_version=0.0.0
+ DEFAULT action=DENY
+
+ op=EXECUTE dmverity_roothash=sha256:401fcec5944823ae12f62726e8184407a5fa9599783f030dec146938 action=ALLOW
+
+Allow any fs-verity file with a valid built-in signature
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ policy_name=Allow_Signed_And_Validated_FSVerity policy_version=0.0.0
+ DEFAULT action=DENY
+
+ op=EXECUTE fsverity_signature=TRUE action=ALLOW
+
+Allow execution of a specific fs-verity file
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+::
+
+ policy_name=ALLOW_FSV_By_Digest policy_version=0.0.0
+ DEFAULT action=DENY
+
+ op=EXECUTE fsverity_digest=sha256:fd88f2b8824e197f850bf4c5109bea5cf0ee38104f710843bb72da796ba5af9e action=ALLOW
+
+Additional Information
+----------------------
+
+- `Github Repository <https://github.com/microsoft/ipe>`_
+- :doc:`Developer and design docs for IPE </security/ipe>`
+
+FAQ
+---
+
+Q:
+ What's the difference between other LSMs which provide a measure of
+ trust-based access control?
+
+A:
+
+ In general, there's two other LSMs that can provide similar functionality:
+ IMA, and Loadpin.
+
+ IMA and IPE are functionally very similar. The significant difference between
+ the two is the policy. [#devdoc]_
+
+ Loadpin and IPE differ fairly dramatically, as Loadpin only covers the IPE's
+ kernel read operations, whereas IPE is capable of controlling execution
+ on top of kernel read. The trust model is also different; Loadpin roots its
+ trust in the initial super-block, whereas trust in IPE is stemmed from kernel
+ itself (via ``SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS``).
+
+-----------
+
+.. [#digest_cache_lsm] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20240415142436.2545003-1-roberto.sassu@huaweicloud.com/
+
+.. [#interpreters] There is `some interest in solving this issue <https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220321161557.495388-1-mic@digikod.net/>`_.
+
+.. [#devdoc] Please see :doc:`the design docs </security/ipe>` for more on
+ this topic.
+
+.. [#switch_root] https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/switch_root.8.html
+
+.. [#dmveritydigests] These hash algorithms are based on values accepted by
+ the Linux crypto API; IPE does not impose any
+ restrictions on the digest algorithm itself;
+ thus, this list may be out of date.
+
+.. [#fsveritydigest] These hash algorithms are based on values accepted by the
+ kernel's fsverity support; IPE does not impose any
+ restrictions on the digest algorithm itself;
+ thus, this list may be out of date.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/landlock.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/landlock.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9e61607def08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/landlock.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+.. Copyright © 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+================================
+Landlock: system-wide management
+================================
+
+:Author: Mickaël Salaün
+:Date: March 2025
+
+Landlock can leverage the audit framework to log events.
+
+User space documentation can be found here:
+Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst.
+
+Audit
+=====
+
+Denied access requests are logged by default for a sandboxed program if `audit`
+is enabled. This default behavior can be changed with the
+sys_landlock_restrict_self() flags (cf.
+Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst). Landlock logs can also be masked
+thanks to audit rules. Landlock can generate 2 audit record types.
+
+Record types
+------------
+
+AUDIT_LANDLOCK_ACCESS
+ This record type identifies a denied access request to a kernel resource.
+ The ``domain`` field indicates the ID of the domain that blocked the
+ request. The ``blockers`` field indicates the cause(s) of this denial
+ (separated by a comma), and the following fields identify the kernel object
+ (similar to SELinux). There may be more than one of this record type per
+ audit event.
+
+ Example with a file link request generating two records in the same event::
+
+ domain=195ba459b blockers=fs.refer path="/usr/bin" dev="vda2" ino=351
+ domain=195ba459b blockers=fs.make_reg,fs.refer path="/usr/local" dev="vda2" ino=365
+
+AUDIT_LANDLOCK_DOMAIN
+ This record type describes the status of a Landlock domain. The ``status``
+ field can be either ``allocated`` or ``deallocated``.
+
+ The ``allocated`` status is part of the same audit event and follows
+ the first logged ``AUDIT_LANDLOCK_ACCESS`` record of a domain. It identifies
+ Landlock domain information at the time of the sys_landlock_restrict_self()
+ call with the following fields:
+
+ - the ``domain`` ID
+ - the enforcement ``mode``
+ - the domain creator's ``pid``
+ - the domain creator's ``uid``
+ - the domain creator's executable path (``exe``)
+ - the domain creator's command line (``comm``)
+
+ Example::
+
+ domain=195ba459b status=allocated mode=enforcing pid=300 uid=0 exe="/root/sandboxer" comm="sandboxer"
+
+ The ``deallocated`` status is an event on its own and it identifies a
+ Landlock domain release. After such event, it is guarantee that the
+ related domain ID will never be reused during the lifetime of the system.
+ The ``domain`` field indicates the ID of the domain which is released, and
+ the ``denials`` field indicates the total number of denied access request,
+ which might not have been logged according to the audit rules and
+ sys_landlock_restrict_self()'s flags.
+
+ Example::
+
+ domain=195ba459b status=deallocated denials=3
+
+
+Event samples
+--------------
+
+Here are two examples of log events (see serial numbers).
+
+In this example a sandboxed program (``kill``) tries to send a signal to the
+init process, which is denied because of the signal scoping restriction
+(``LL_SCOPED=s``)::
+
+ $ LL_FS_RO=/ LL_FS_RW=/ LL_SCOPED=s LL_FORCE_LOG=1 ./sandboxer kill 1
+
+This command generates two events, each identified with a unique serial
+number following a timestamp (``msg=audit(1729738800.268:30)``). The first
+event (serial ``30``) contains 4 records. The first record
+(``type=LANDLOCK_ACCESS``) shows an access denied by the domain `1a6fdc66f`.
+The cause of this denial is signal scopping restriction
+(``blockers=scope.signal``). The process that would have receive this signal
+is the init process (``opid=1 ocomm="systemd"``).
+
+The second record (``type=LANDLOCK_DOMAIN``) describes (``status=allocated``)
+domain `1a6fdc66f`. This domain was created by process ``286`` executing the
+``/root/sandboxer`` program launched by the root user.
+
+The third record (``type=SYSCALL``) describes the syscall, its provided
+arguments, its result (``success=no exit=-1``), and the process that called it.
+
+The fourth record (``type=PROCTITLE``) shows the command's name as an
+hexadecimal value. This can be translated with ``python -c
+'print(bytes.fromhex("6B696C6C0031"))'``.
+
+Finally, the last record (``type=LANDLOCK_DOMAIN``) is also the only one from
+the second event (serial ``31``). It is not tied to a direct user space action
+but an asynchronous one to free resources tied to a Landlock domain
+(``status=deallocated``). This can be useful to know that the following logs
+will not concern the domain ``1a6fdc66f`` anymore. This record also summarize
+the number of requests this domain denied (``denials=1``), whether they were
+logged or not.
+
+.. code-block::
+
+ type=LANDLOCK_ACCESS msg=audit(1729738800.268:30): domain=1a6fdc66f blockers=scope.signal opid=1 ocomm="systemd"
+ type=LANDLOCK_DOMAIN msg=audit(1729738800.268:30): domain=1a6fdc66f status=allocated mode=enforcing pid=286 uid=0 exe="/root/sandboxer" comm="sandboxer"
+ type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1729738800.268:30): arch=c000003e syscall=62 success=no exit=-1 [..] ppid=272 pid=286 auid=0 uid=0 gid=0 [...] comm="kill" [...]
+ type=PROCTITLE msg=audit(1729738800.268:30): proctitle=6B696C6C0031
+ type=LANDLOCK_DOMAIN msg=audit(1729738800.324:31): domain=1a6fdc66f status=deallocated denials=1
+
+Here is another example showcasing filesystem access control::
+
+ $ LL_FS_RO=/ LL_FS_RW=/tmp LL_FORCE_LOG=1 ./sandboxer sh -c "echo > /etc/passwd"
+
+The related audit logs contains 8 records from 3 different events (serials 33,
+34 and 35) created by the same domain `1a6fdc679`::
+
+ type=LANDLOCK_ACCESS msg=audit(1729738800.221:33): domain=1a6fdc679 blockers=fs.write_file path="/dev/tty" dev="devtmpfs" ino=9
+ type=LANDLOCK_DOMAIN msg=audit(1729738800.221:33): domain=1a6fdc679 status=allocated mode=enforcing pid=289 uid=0 exe="/root/sandboxer" comm="sandboxer"
+ type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1729738800.221:33): arch=c000003e syscall=257 success=no exit=-13 [...] ppid=272 pid=289 auid=0 uid=0 gid=0 [...] comm="sh" [...]
+ type=PROCTITLE msg=audit(1729738800.221:33): proctitle=7368002D63006563686F203E202F6574632F706173737764
+ type=LANDLOCK_ACCESS msg=audit(1729738800.221:34): domain=1a6fdc679 blockers=fs.write_file path="/etc/passwd" dev="vda2" ino=143821
+ type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1729738800.221:34): arch=c000003e syscall=257 success=no exit=-13 [...] ppid=272 pid=289 auid=0 uid=0 gid=0 [...] comm="sh" [...]
+ type=PROCTITLE msg=audit(1729738800.221:34): proctitle=7368002D63006563686F203E202F6574632F706173737764
+ type=LANDLOCK_DOMAIN msg=audit(1729738800.261:35): domain=1a6fdc679 status=deallocated denials=2
+
+
+Event filtering
+---------------
+
+If you get spammed with audit logs related to Landlock, this is either an
+attack attempt or a bug in the security policy. We can put in place some
+filters to limit noise with two complementary ways:
+
+- with sys_landlock_restrict_self()'s flags if we can fix the sandboxed
+ programs,
+- or with audit rules (see :manpage:`auditctl(8)`).
+
+Additional documentation
+========================
+
+* `Linux Audit Documentation`_
+* Documentation/userspace-api/landlock.rst
+* Documentation/security/landlock.rst
+* https://landlock.io
+
+.. Links
+.. _Linux Audit Documentation:
+ https://github.com/linux-audit/audit-documentation/wiki
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/tomoyo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/tomoyo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bdb2c2e2a1b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/tomoyo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+======
+TOMOYO
+======
+
+What is TOMOYO?
+===============
+
+TOMOYO is a name-based MAC extension (LSM module) for the Linux kernel.
+
+LiveCD-based tutorials are available at
+
+https://tomoyo.sourceforge.net/1.8/ubuntu12.04-live.html
+https://tomoyo.sourceforge.net/1.8/centos6-live.html
+
+Though these tutorials use non-LSM version of TOMOYO, they are useful for you
+to know what TOMOYO is.
+
+How to enable TOMOYO?
+=====================
+
+Build the kernel with ``CONFIG_SECURITY_TOMOYO=y`` and pass ``security=tomoyo`` on
+kernel's command line.
+
+Please see https://tomoyo.sourceforge.net/2.6/ for details.
+
+Where is documentation?
+=======================
+
+User <-> Kernel interface documentation is available at
+https://tomoyo.sourceforge.net/2.6/policy-specification/index.html .
+
+Materials we prepared for seminars and symposiums are available at
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/tomoyo/files/docs/ .
+Below lists are chosen from three aspects.
+
+What is TOMOYO?
+ TOMOYO Linux Overview
+ https://sourceforge.net/projects/tomoyo/files/docs/lca2009-takeda.pdf
+ TOMOYO Linux: pragmatic and manageable security for Linux
+ https://sourceforge.net/projects/tomoyo/files/docs/freedomhectaipei-tomoyo.pdf
+ TOMOYO Linux: A Practical Method to Understand and Protect Your Own Linux Box
+ https://sourceforge.net/projects/tomoyo/files/docs/PacSec2007-en-no-demo.pdf
+
+What can TOMOYO do?
+ Deep inside TOMOYO Linux
+ https://sourceforge.net/projects/tomoyo/files/docs/lca2009-kumaneko.pdf
+ The role of "pathname based access control" in security.
+ https://sourceforge.net/projects/tomoyo/files/docs/lfj2008-bof.pdf
+
+History of TOMOYO?
+ Realities of Mainlining
+ https://sourceforge.net/projects/tomoyo/files/docs/lfj2008.pdf
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/address-translation.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/address-translation.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f0ca17b43cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/address-translation.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Address translation
+===================
+
+x86 AMD
+-------
+
+Zen-based AMD systems include a Data Fabric that manages the layout of
+physical memory. Devices attached to the Fabric, like memory controllers,
+I/O, etc., may not have a complete view of the system physical memory map.
+These devices may provide a "normalized", i.e. device physical, address
+when reporting memory errors. Normalized addresses must be translated to
+a system physical address for the kernel to action on the memory.
+
+AMD Address Translation Library (CONFIG_AMD_ATL) provides translation for
+this case.
+
+Glossary of acronyms used in address translation for Zen-based systems
+
+* CCM = Cache Coherent Moderator
+* COD = Cluster-on-Die
+* COH_ST = Coherent Station
+* DF = Data Fabric
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/error-decoding.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/error-decoding.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..26a72f3fe5de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/error-decoding.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Error decoding
+==============
+
+x86
+---
+
+Error decoding on AMD systems should be done using the rasdaemon tool:
+https://github.com/mchehab/rasdaemon/
+
+While the daemon is running, it would automatically log and decode
+errors. If not, one can still decode such errors by supplying the
+hardware information from the error::
+
+ $ rasdaemon -p --status <STATUS> --ipid <IPID> --smca
+
+Also, the user can pass particular family and model to decode the error
+string::
+
+ $ rasdaemon -p --status <STATUS> --ipid <IPID> --smca --family <CPU Family> --model <CPU Model> --bank <BANK_NUM>
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f4087040a7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 2
+
+ main
+ error-decoding
+ address-translation
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/main.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/main.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..447bfde509fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/main.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,1223 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+.. include:: <isonum.txt>
+
+==================================================
+Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS)
+==================================================
+
+This documents different aspects of the RAS functionality present in the
+kernel.
+
+RAS concepts
+************
+
+Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS) is a concept used on
+servers meant to measure their robustness.
+
+Reliability
+ is the probability that a system will produce correct outputs.
+
+ * Generally measured as Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
+ * Enhanced by features that help to avoid, detect and repair hardware faults
+
+Availability
+ is the probability that a system is operational at a given time
+
+ * Generally measured as a percentage of downtime per a period of time
+ * Often uses mechanisms to detect and correct hardware faults in
+ runtime;
+
+Serviceability (or maintainability)
+ is the simplicity and speed with which a system can be repaired or
+ maintained
+
+ * Generally measured on Mean Time Between Repair (MTBR)
+
+Improving RAS
+-------------
+
+In order to reduce systems downtime, a system should be capable of detecting
+hardware errors, and, when possible correcting them in runtime. It should
+also provide mechanisms to detect hardware degradation, in order to warn
+the system administrator to take the action of replacing a component before
+it causes data loss or system downtime.
+
+Among the monitoring measures, the most usual ones include:
+
+* CPU – detect errors at instruction execution and at L1/L2/L3 caches;
+* Memory – add error correction logic (ECC) to detect and correct errors;
+* I/O – add CRC checksums for transferred data;
+* Storage – RAID, journal file systems, checksums,
+ Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART).
+
+By monitoring the number of occurrences of error detections, it is possible
+to identify if the probability of hardware errors is increasing, and, on such
+case, do a preventive maintenance to replace a degraded component while
+those errors are correctable.
+
+Types of errors
+---------------
+
+Most mechanisms used on modern systems use technologies like Hamming
+Codes that allow error correction when the number of errors on a bit packet
+is below a threshold. If the number of errors is above, those mechanisms
+can indicate with a high degree of confidence that an error happened, but
+they can't correct.
+
+Also, sometimes an error occur on a component that it is not used. For
+example, a part of the memory that it is not currently allocated.
+
+That defines some categories of errors:
+
+* **Correctable Error (CE)** - the error detection mechanism detected and
+ corrected the error. Such errors are usually not fatal, although some
+ Kernel mechanisms allow the system administrator to consider them as fatal.
+
+* **Uncorrected Error (UE)** - the amount of errors happened above the error
+ correction threshold, and the system was unable to auto-correct.
+
+* **Fatal Error** - when an UE error happens on a critical component of the
+ system (for example, a piece of the Kernel got corrupted by an UE), the
+ only reliable way to avoid data corruption is to hang or reboot the machine.
+
+* **Non-fatal Error** - when an UE error happens on an unused component,
+ like a CPU in power down state or an unused memory bank, the system may
+ still run, eventually replacing the affected hardware by a hot spare,
+ if available.
+
+ Also, when an error happens on a userspace process, it is also possible to
+ kill such process and let userspace restart it.
+
+The mechanism for handling non-fatal errors is usually complex and may
+require the help of some userspace application, in order to apply the
+policy desired by the system administrator.
+
+Identifying a bad hardware component
+------------------------------------
+
+Just detecting a hardware flaw is usually not enough, as the system needs
+to pinpoint to the minimal replaceable unit (MRU) that should be exchanged
+to make the hardware reliable again.
+
+So, it requires not only error logging facilities, but also mechanisms that
+will translate the error message to the silkscreen or component label for
+the MRU.
+
+Typically, it is very complex for memory, as modern CPUs interlace memory
+from different memory modules, in order to provide a better performance. The
+DMI BIOS usually have a list of memory module labels, with can be obtained
+using the ``dmidecode`` tool. For example, on a desktop machine, it shows::
+
+ Memory Device
+ Total Width: 64 bits
+ Data Width: 64 bits
+ Size: 16384 MB
+ Form Factor: SODIMM
+ Set: None
+ Locator: ChannelA-DIMM0
+ Bank Locator: BANK 0
+ Type: DDR4
+ Type Detail: Synchronous
+ Speed: 2133 MHz
+ Rank: 2
+ Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MHz
+
+On the above example, a DDR4 SO-DIMM memory module is located at the
+system's memory labeled as "BANK 0", as given by the *bank locator* field.
+Please notice that, on such system, the *total width* is equal to the
+*data width*. It means that such memory module doesn't have error
+detection/correction mechanisms.
+
+Unfortunately, not all systems use the same field to specify the memory
+bank. On this example, from an older server, ``dmidecode`` shows::
+
+ Memory Device
+ Array Handle: 0x1000
+ Error Information Handle: Not Provided
+ Total Width: 72 bits
+ Data Width: 64 bits
+ Size: 8192 MB
+ Form Factor: DIMM
+ Set: 1
+ Locator: DIMM_A1
+ Bank Locator: Not Specified
+ Type: DDR3
+ Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered)
+ Speed: 1600 MHz
+ Rank: 2
+ Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz
+
+There, the DDR3 RDIMM memory module is located at the system's memory labeled
+as "DIMM_A1", as given by the *locator* field. Please notice that this
+memory module has 64 bits of *data width* and 72 bits of *total width*. So,
+it has 8 extra bits to be used by error detection and correction mechanisms.
+Such kind of memory is called Error-correcting code memory (ECC memory).
+
+To make things even worse, it is not uncommon that systems with different
+labels on their system's board to use exactly the same BIOS, meaning that
+the labels provided by the BIOS won't match the real ones.
+
+ECC memory
+----------
+
+As mentioned in the previous section, ECC memory has extra bits to be
+used for error correction. In the above example, a memory module has
+64 bits of *data width*, and 72 bits of *total width*. The extra 8
+bits which are used for the error detection and correction mechanisms
+are referred to as the *syndrome*\ [#f1]_\ [#f2]_.
+
+So, when the cpu requests the memory controller to write a word with
+*data width*, the memory controller calculates the *syndrome* in real time,
+using Hamming code, or some other error correction code, like SECDED+,
+producing a code with *total width* size. Such code is then written
+on the memory modules.
+
+At read, the *total width* bits code is converted back, using the same
+ECC code used on write, producing a word with *data width* and a *syndrome*.
+The word with *data width* is sent to the CPU, even when errors happen.
+
+The memory controller also looks at the *syndrome* in order to check if
+there was an error, and if the ECC code was able to fix such error.
+If the error was corrected, a Corrected Error (CE) happened. If not, an
+Uncorrected Error (UE) happened.
+
+The information about the CE/UE errors is stored on some special registers
+at the memory controller and can be accessed by reading such registers,
+either by BIOS, by some special CPUs or by Linux EDAC driver. On x86 64
+bit CPUs, such errors can also be retrieved via the Machine Check
+Architecture (MCA)\ [#f3]_.
+
+.. [#f1] Please notice that several memory controllers allow operation on a
+ mode called "Lock-Step", where it groups two memory modules together,
+ doing 128-bit reads/writes. That gives 16 bits for error correction, with
+ significantly improves the error correction mechanism, at the expense
+ that, when an error happens, there's no way to know what memory module is
+ to blame. So, it has to blame both memory modules.
+
+.. [#f2] Some memory controllers also allow using memory in mirror mode.
+ On such mode, the same data is written to two memory modules. At read,
+ the system checks both memory modules, in order to check if both provide
+ identical data. On such configuration, when an error happens, there's no
+ way to know what memory module is to blame. So, it has to blame both
+ memory modules (or 4 memory modules, if the system is also on Lock-step
+ mode).
+
+.. [#f3] For more details about the Machine Check Architecture (MCA),
+ please read Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/machinecheck.rst at the Kernel tree.
+
+EDAC - Error Detection And Correction
+*************************************
+
+.. note::
+
+ "bluesmoke" was the name for this device driver subsystem when it
+ was "out-of-tree" and maintained at http://bluesmoke.sourceforge.net.
+ That site is mostly archaic now and can be used only for historical
+ purposes.
+
+ When the subsystem was pushed upstream for the first time, on
+ Kernel 2.6.16, it was renamed to ``EDAC``.
+
+Purpose
+-------
+
+The ``edac`` kernel module's goal is to detect and report hardware errors
+that occur within the computer system running under linux.
+
+Memory
+------
+
+Memory Correctable Errors (CE) and Uncorrectable Errors (UE) are the
+primary errors being harvested. These types of errors are harvested by
+the ``edac_mc`` device.
+
+Detecting CE events, then harvesting those events and reporting them,
+**can** but must not necessarily be a predictor of future UE events. With
+CE events only, the system can and will continue to operate as no data
+has been damaged yet.
+
+However, preventive maintenance and proactive part replacement of memory
+modules exhibiting CEs can reduce the likelihood of the dreaded UE events
+and system panics.
+
+Other hardware elements
+-----------------------
+
+A new feature for EDAC, the ``edac_device`` class of device, was added in
+the 2.6.23 version of the kernel.
+
+This new device type allows for non-memory type of ECC hardware detectors
+to have their states harvested and presented to userspace via the sysfs
+interface.
+
+Some architectures have ECC detectors for L1, L2 and L3 caches,
+along with DMA engines, fabric switches, main data path switches,
+interconnections, and various other hardware data paths. If the hardware
+reports it, then an edac_device device probably can be constructed to
+harvest and present that to userspace.
+
+
+PCI bus scanning
+----------------
+
+In addition, PCI devices are scanned for PCI Bus Parity and SERR Errors
+in order to determine if errors are occurring during data transfers.
+
+The presence of PCI Parity errors must be examined with a grain of salt.
+There are several add-in adapters that do **not** follow the PCI specification
+with regards to Parity generation and reporting. The specification says
+the vendor should tie the parity status bits to 0 if they do not intend
+to generate parity. Some vendors do not do this, and thus the parity bit
+can "float" giving false positives.
+
+There is a PCI device attribute located in sysfs that is checked by
+the EDAC PCI scanning code. If that attribute is set, PCI parity/error
+scanning is skipped for that device. The attribute is::
+
+ broken_parity_status
+
+and is located in ``/sys/devices/pci<XXX>/0000:XX:YY.Z`` directories for
+PCI devices.
+
+
+Versioning
+----------
+
+EDAC is composed of a "core" module (``edac_core.ko``) and several Memory
+Controller (MC) driver modules. On a given system, the CORE is loaded
+and one MC driver will be loaded. Both the CORE and the MC driver (or
+``edac_device`` driver) have individual versions that reflect current
+release level of their respective modules.
+
+Thus, to "report" on what version a system is running, one must report
+both the CORE's and the MC driver's versions.
+
+
+Loading
+-------
+
+If ``edac`` was statically linked with the kernel then no loading
+is necessary. If ``edac`` was built as modules then simply modprobe
+the ``edac`` pieces that you need. You should be able to modprobe
+hardware-specific modules and have the dependencies load the necessary
+core modules.
+
+Example::
+
+ $ modprobe amd76x_edac
+
+loads both the ``amd76x_edac.ko`` memory controller module and the
+``edac_mc.ko`` core module.
+
+
+Sysfs interface
+---------------
+
+EDAC presents a ``sysfs`` interface for control and reporting purposes. It
+lives in the /sys/devices/system/edac directory.
+
+Within this directory there currently reside 2 components:
+
+ ======= ==============================
+ mc memory controller(s) system
+ pci PCI control and status system
+ ======= ==============================
+
+
+
+Memory Controller (mc) Model
+----------------------------
+
+Each ``mc`` device controls a set of memory modules [#f4]_. These modules
+are laid out in a Chip-Select Row (``csrowX``) and Channel table (``chX``).
+There can be multiple csrows and multiple channels.
+
+.. [#f4] Nowadays, the term DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module) is widely
+ used to refer to a memory module, although there are other memory
+ packaging alternatives, like SO-DIMM, SIMM, etc. The UEFI
+ specification (Version 2.7) defines a memory module in the Common
+ Platform Error Record (CPER) section to be an SMBIOS Memory Device
+ (Type 17). Along this document, and inside the EDAC subsystem, the term
+ "dimm" is used for all memory modules, even when they use a
+ different kind of packaging.
+
+Memory controllers allow for several csrows, with 8 csrows being a
+typical value. Yet, the actual number of csrows depends on the layout of
+a given motherboard, memory controller and memory module characteristics.
+
+Dual channels allow for dual data length (e. g. 128 bits, on 64 bit systems)
+data transfers to/from the CPU from/to memory. Some newer chipsets allow
+for more than 2 channels, like Fully Buffered DIMMs (FB-DIMMs) memory
+controllers. The following example will assume 2 channels:
+
+ +------------+-----------------------+
+ | CS Rows | Channels |
+ +------------+-----------+-----------+
+ | | ``ch0`` | ``ch1`` |
+ +============+===========+===========+
+ | |**DIMM_A0**|**DIMM_B0**|
+ +------------+-----------+-----------+
+ | ``csrow0`` | rank0 | rank0 |
+ +------------+-----------+-----------+
+ | ``csrow1`` | rank1 | rank1 |
+ +------------+-----------+-----------+
+ | |**DIMM_A1**|**DIMM_B1**|
+ +------------+-----------+-----------+
+ | ``csrow2`` | rank0 | rank0 |
+ +------------+-----------+-----------+
+ | ``csrow3`` | rank1 | rank1 |
+ +------------+-----------+-----------+
+
+In the above example, there are 4 physical slots on the motherboard
+for memory DIMMs:
+
+ +---------+---------+
+ | DIMM_A0 | DIMM_B0 |
+ +---------+---------+
+ | DIMM_A1 | DIMM_B1 |
+ +---------+---------+
+
+Labels for these slots are usually silk-screened on the motherboard.
+Slots labeled ``A`` are channel 0 in this example. Slots labeled ``B`` are
+channel 1. Notice that there are two csrows possible on a physical DIMM.
+These csrows are allocated their csrow assignment based on the slot into
+which the memory DIMM is placed. Thus, when 1 DIMM is placed in each
+Channel, the csrows cross both DIMMs.
+
+Memory DIMMs come single or dual "ranked". A rank is a populated csrow.
+In the example above 2 dual ranked DIMMs are similarly placed. Thus,
+both csrow0 and csrow1 are populated. On the other hand, when 2 single
+ranked DIMMs are placed in slots DIMM_A0 and DIMM_B0, then they will
+have just one csrow (csrow0) and csrow1 will be empty. The pattern
+repeats itself for csrow2 and csrow3. Also note that some memory
+controllers don't have any logic to identify the memory module, see
+``rankX`` directories below.
+
+The representation of the above is reflected in the directory
+tree in EDAC's sysfs interface. Starting in directory
+``/sys/devices/system/edac/mc``, each memory controller will be
+represented by its own ``mcX`` directory, where ``X`` is the
+index of the MC::
+
+ ..../edac/mc/
+ |
+ |->mc0
+ |->mc1
+ |->mc2
+ ....
+
+Under each ``mcX`` directory each ``csrowX`` is again represented by a
+``csrowX``, where ``X`` is the csrow index::
+
+ .../mc/mc0/
+ |
+ |->csrow0
+ |->csrow2
+ |->csrow3
+ ....
+
+Notice that there is no csrow1, which indicates that csrow0 is composed
+of a single ranked DIMMs. This should also apply in both Channels, in
+order to have dual-channel mode be operational. Since both csrow2 and
+csrow3 are populated, this indicates a dual ranked set of DIMMs for
+channels 0 and 1.
+
+Within each of the ``mcX`` and ``csrowX`` directories are several EDAC
+control and attribute files.
+
+``mcX`` directories
+-------------------
+
+In ``mcX`` directories are EDAC control and attribute files for
+this ``X`` instance of the memory controllers.
+
+For a description of the sysfs API, please see:
+
+ Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-edac
+
+
+``dimmX`` or ``rankX`` directories
+----------------------------------
+
+The recommended way to use the EDAC subsystem is to look at the information
+provided by the ``dimmX`` or ``rankX`` directories [#f5]_.
+
+A typical EDAC system has the following structure under
+``/sys/devices/system/edac/``\ [#f6]_::
+
+ /sys/devices/system/edac/
+ ├── mc
+ │   ├── mc0
+ │   │   ├── ce_count
+ │   │   ├── ce_noinfo_count
+ │   │   ├── dimm0
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_ce_count
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_dev_type
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_edac_mode
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_label
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_location
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_mem_type
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_ue_count
+ │   │   │   ├── size
+ │   │   │   └── uevent
+ │   │   ├── max_location
+ │   │   ├── mc_name
+ │   │   ├── reset_counters
+ │   │   ├── seconds_since_reset
+ │   │   ├── size_mb
+ │   │   ├── ue_count
+ │   │   ├── ue_noinfo_count
+ │   │   └── uevent
+ │   ├── mc1
+ │   │   ├── ce_count
+ │   │   ├── ce_noinfo_count
+ │   │   ├── dimm0
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_ce_count
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_dev_type
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_edac_mode
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_label
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_location
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_mem_type
+ │   │   │   ├── dimm_ue_count
+ │   │   │   ├── size
+ │   │   │   └── uevent
+ │   │   ├── max_location
+ │   │   ├── mc_name
+ │   │   ├── reset_counters
+ │   │   ├── seconds_since_reset
+ │   │   ├── size_mb
+ │   │   ├── ue_count
+ │   │   ├── ue_noinfo_count
+ │   │   └── uevent
+ │   └── uevent
+ └── uevent
+
+In the ``dimmX`` directories are EDAC control and attribute files for
+this ``X`` memory module:
+
+- ``size`` - Total memory managed by this csrow attribute file
+
+ This attribute file displays, in count of megabytes, the memory
+ that this csrow contains.
+
+- ``dimm_ue_count`` - Uncorrectable Errors count attribute file
+
+ This attribute file displays the total count of uncorrectable
+ errors that have occurred on this DIMM. If panic_on_ue is set
+ this counter will not have a chance to increment, since EDAC
+ will panic the system.
+
+- ``dimm_ce_count`` - Correctable Errors count attribute file
+
+ This attribute file displays the total count of correctable
+ errors that have occurred on this DIMM. This count is very
+ important to examine. CEs provide early indications that a
+ DIMM is beginning to fail. This count field should be
+ monitored for non-zero values and report such information
+ to the system administrator.
+
+- ``dimm_dev_type`` - Device type attribute file
+
+ This attribute file will display what type of DRAM device is
+ being utilized on this DIMM.
+ Examples:
+
+ - x1
+ - x2
+ - x4
+ - x8
+
+- ``dimm_edac_mode`` - EDAC Mode of operation attribute file
+
+ This attribute file will display what type of Error detection
+ and correction is being utilized.
+
+- ``dimm_label`` - memory module label control file
+
+ This control file allows this DIMM to have a label assigned
+ to it. With this label in the module, when errors occur
+ the output can provide the DIMM label in the system log.
+ This becomes vital for panic events to isolate the
+ cause of the UE event.
+
+ DIMM Labels must be assigned after booting, with information
+ that correctly identifies the physical slot with its
+ silk screen label. This information is currently very
+ motherboard specific and determination of this information
+ must occur in userland at this time.
+
+- ``dimm_location`` - location of the memory module
+
+ The location can have up to 3 levels, and describe how the
+ memory controller identifies the location of a memory module.
+ Depending on the type of memory and memory controller, it
+ can be:
+
+ - *csrow* and *channel* - used when the memory controller
+ doesn't identify a single DIMM - e. g. in ``rankX`` dir;
+ - *branch*, *channel*, *slot* - typically used on FB-DIMM memory
+ controllers;
+ - *channel*, *slot* - used on Nehalem and newer Intel drivers.
+
+- ``dimm_mem_type`` - Memory Type attribute file
+
+ This attribute file will display what type of memory is currently
+ on this csrow. Normally, either buffered or unbuffered memory.
+ Examples:
+
+ - Registered-DDR
+ - Unbuffered-DDR
+
+.. [#f5] On some systems, the memory controller doesn't have any logic
+ to identify the memory module. On such systems, the directory is called ``rankX`` and works on a similar way as the ``csrowX`` directories.
+ On modern Intel memory controllers, the memory controller identifies the
+ memory modules directly. On such systems, the directory is called ``dimmX``.
+
+.. [#f6] There are also some ``power`` directories and ``subsystem``
+ symlinks inside the sysfs mapping that are automatically created by
+ the sysfs subsystem. Currently, they serve no purpose.
+
+``csrowX`` directories
+----------------------
+
+When CONFIG_EDAC_LEGACY_SYSFS is enabled, sysfs will contain the ``csrowX``
+directories. As this API doesn't work properly for Rambus, FB-DIMMs and
+modern Intel Memory Controllers, this is being deprecated in favor of
+``dimmX`` directories.
+
+In the ``csrowX`` directories are EDAC control and attribute files for
+this ``X`` instance of csrow:
+
+
+- ``ue_count`` - Total Uncorrectable Errors count attribute file
+
+ This attribute file displays the total count of uncorrectable
+ errors that have occurred on this csrow. If panic_on_ue is set
+ this counter will not have a chance to increment, since EDAC
+ will panic the system.
+
+
+- ``ce_count`` - Total Correctable Errors count attribute file
+
+ This attribute file displays the total count of correctable
+ errors that have occurred on this csrow. This count is very
+ important to examine. CEs provide early indications that a
+ DIMM is beginning to fail. This count field should be
+ monitored for non-zero values and report such information
+ to the system administrator.
+
+
+- ``size_mb`` - Total memory managed by this csrow attribute file
+
+ This attribute file displays, in count of megabytes, the memory
+ that this csrow contains.
+
+
+- ``mem_type`` - Memory Type attribute file
+
+ This attribute file will display what type of memory is currently
+ on this csrow. Normally, either buffered or unbuffered memory.
+ Examples:
+
+ - Registered-DDR
+ - Unbuffered-DDR
+
+
+- ``edac_mode`` - EDAC Mode of operation attribute file
+
+ This attribute file will display what type of Error detection
+ and correction is being utilized.
+
+
+- ``dev_type`` - Device type attribute file
+
+ This attribute file will display what type of DRAM device is
+ being utilized on this DIMM.
+ Examples:
+
+ - x1
+ - x2
+ - x4
+ - x8
+
+
+- ``ch0_ce_count`` - Channel 0 CE Count attribute file
+
+ This attribute file will display the count of CEs on this
+ DIMM located in channel 0.
+
+
+- ``ch0_ue_count`` - Channel 0 UE Count attribute file
+
+ This attribute file will display the count of UEs on this
+ DIMM located in channel 0.
+
+
+- ``ch0_dimm_label`` - Channel 0 DIMM Label control file
+
+
+ This control file allows this DIMM to have a label assigned
+ to it. With this label in the module, when errors occur
+ the output can provide the DIMM label in the system log.
+ This becomes vital for panic events to isolate the
+ cause of the UE event.
+
+ DIMM Labels must be assigned after booting, with information
+ that correctly identifies the physical slot with its
+ silk screen label. This information is currently very
+ motherboard specific and determination of this information
+ must occur in userland at this time.
+
+
+- ``ch1_ce_count`` - Channel 1 CE Count attribute file
+
+
+ This attribute file will display the count of CEs on this
+ DIMM located in channel 1.
+
+
+- ``ch1_ue_count`` - Channel 1 UE Count attribute file
+
+
+ This attribute file will display the count of UEs on this
+ DIMM located in channel 0.
+
+
+- ``ch1_dimm_label`` - Channel 1 DIMM Label control file
+
+ This control file allows this DIMM to have a label assigned
+ to it. With this label in the module, when errors occur
+ the output can provide the DIMM label in the system log.
+ This becomes vital for panic events to isolate the
+ cause of the UE event.
+
+ DIMM Labels must be assigned after booting, with information
+ that correctly identifies the physical slot with its
+ silk screen label. This information is currently very
+ motherboard specific and determination of this information
+ must occur in userland at this time.
+
+
+System Logging
+--------------
+
+If logging for UEs and CEs is enabled, then system logs will contain
+information indicating that errors have been detected::
+
+ EDAC MC0: CE page 0x283, offset 0xce0, grain 8, syndrome 0x6ec3, row 0, channel 1 "DIMM_B1": amd76x_edac
+ EDAC MC0: CE page 0x1e5, offset 0xfb0, grain 8, syndrome 0xb741, row 0, channel 1 "DIMM_B1": amd76x_edac
+
+
+The structure of the message is:
+
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+ | Content | Example |
+ +=======================================+=============+
+ | The memory controller | MC0 |
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+ | Error type | CE |
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+ | Memory page | 0x283 |
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+ | Offset in the page | 0xce0 |
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+ | The byte granularity | grain 8 |
+ | or resolution of the error | |
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+ | The error syndrome | 0xb741 |
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+ | Memory row | row 0 |
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+ | Memory channel | channel 1 |
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+ | DIMM label, if set prior | DIMM B1 |
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+ | And then an optional, driver-specific | |
+ | message that may have additional | |
+ | information. | |
+ +---------------------------------------+-------------+
+
+Both UEs and CEs with no info will lack all but memory controller, error
+type, a notice of "no info" and then an optional, driver-specific error
+message.
+
+
+PCI Bus Parity Detection
+------------------------
+
+On Header Type 00 devices, the primary status is looked at for any
+parity error regardless of whether parity is enabled on the device or
+not. (The spec indicates parity is generated in some cases). On Header
+Type 01 bridges, the secondary status register is also looked at to see
+if parity occurred on the bus on the other side of the bridge.
+
+
+Sysfs configuration
+-------------------
+
+Under ``/sys/devices/system/edac/pci`` are control and attribute files as
+follows:
+
+
+- ``check_pci_parity`` - Enable/Disable PCI Parity checking control file
+
+ This control file enables or disables the PCI Bus Parity scanning
+ operation. Writing a 1 to this file enables the scanning. Writing
+ a 0 to this file disables the scanning.
+
+ Enable::
+
+ echo "1" >/sys/devices/system/edac/pci/check_pci_parity
+
+ Disable::
+
+ echo "0" >/sys/devices/system/edac/pci/check_pci_parity
+
+
+- ``pci_parity_count`` - Parity Count
+
+ This attribute file will display the number of parity errors that
+ have been detected.
+
+
+Module parameters
+-----------------
+
+- ``edac_mc_panic_on_ue`` - Panic on UE control file
+
+ An uncorrectable error will cause a machine panic. This is usually
+ desirable. It is a bad idea to continue when an uncorrectable error
+ occurs - it is indeterminate what was uncorrected and the operating
+ system context might be so mangled that continuing will lead to further
+ corruption. If the kernel has MCE configured, then EDAC will never
+ notice the UE.
+
+ LOAD TIME::
+
+ module/kernel parameter: edac_mc_panic_on_ue=[0|1]
+
+ RUN TIME::
+
+ echo "1" > /sys/module/edac_core/parameters/edac_mc_panic_on_ue
+
+
+- ``edac_mc_log_ue`` - Log UE control file
+
+
+ Generate kernel messages describing uncorrectable errors. These errors
+ are reported through the system message log system. UE statistics
+ will be accumulated even when UE logging is disabled.
+
+ LOAD TIME::
+
+ module/kernel parameter: edac_mc_log_ue=[0|1]
+
+ RUN TIME::
+
+ echo "1" > /sys/module/edac_core/parameters/edac_mc_log_ue
+
+
+- ``edac_mc_log_ce`` - Log CE control file
+
+
+ Generate kernel messages describing correctable errors. These
+ errors are reported through the system message log system.
+ CE statistics will be accumulated even when CE logging is disabled.
+
+ LOAD TIME::
+
+ module/kernel parameter: edac_mc_log_ce=[0|1]
+
+ RUN TIME::
+
+ echo "1" > /sys/module/edac_core/parameters/edac_mc_log_ce
+
+
+- ``edac_mc_poll_msec`` - Polling period control file
+
+
+ The time period, in milliseconds, for polling for error information.
+ Too small a value wastes resources. Too large a value might delay
+ necessary handling of errors and might loose valuable information for
+ locating the error. 1000 milliseconds (once each second) is the current
+ default. Systems which require all the bandwidth they can get, may
+ increase this.
+
+ LOAD TIME::
+
+ module/kernel parameter: edac_mc_poll_msec=[0|1]
+
+ RUN TIME::
+
+ echo "1000" > /sys/module/edac_core/parameters/edac_mc_poll_msec
+
+
+- ``panic_on_pci_parity`` - Panic on PCI PARITY Error
+
+
+ This control file enables or disables panicking when a parity
+ error has been detected.
+
+
+ module/kernel parameter::
+
+ edac_panic_on_pci_pe=[0|1]
+
+ Enable::
+
+ echo "1" > /sys/module/edac_core/parameters/edac_panic_on_pci_pe
+
+ Disable::
+
+ echo "0" > /sys/module/edac_core/parameters/edac_panic_on_pci_pe
+
+
+
+EDAC device type
+----------------
+
+In the header file, edac_pci.h, there is a series of edac_device structures
+and APIs for the EDAC_DEVICE.
+
+User space access to an edac_device is through the sysfs interface.
+
+At the location ``/sys/devices/system/edac`` (sysfs) new edac_device devices
+will appear.
+
+There is a three level tree beneath the above ``edac`` directory. For example,
+the ``test_device_edac`` device (found at the http://bluesmoke.sourceforget.net
+website) installs itself as::
+
+ /sys/devices/system/edac/test-instance
+
+in this directory are various controls, a symlink and one or more ``instance``
+directories.
+
+The standard default controls are:
+
+ ============== =======================================================
+ log_ce boolean to log CE events
+ log_ue boolean to log UE events
+ panic_on_ue boolean to ``panic`` the system if an UE is encountered
+ (default off, can be set true via startup script)
+ poll_msec time period between POLL cycles for events
+ ============== =======================================================
+
+The test_device_edac device adds at least one of its own custom control:
+
+ ============== ==================================================
+ test_bits which in the current test driver does nothing but
+ show how it is installed. A ported driver can
+ add one or more such controls and/or attributes
+ for specific uses.
+ One out-of-tree driver uses controls here to allow
+ for ERROR INJECTION operations to hardware
+ injection registers
+ ============== ==================================================
+
+The symlink points to the 'struct dev' that is registered for this edac_device.
+
+Instances
+---------
+
+One or more instance directories are present. For the ``test_device_edac``
+case:
+
+ +----------------+
+ | test-instance0 |
+ +----------------+
+
+
+In this directory there are two default counter attributes, which are totals of
+counter in deeper subdirectories.
+
+ ============== ====================================
+ ce_count total of CE events of subdirectories
+ ue_count total of UE events of subdirectories
+ ============== ====================================
+
+Blocks
+------
+
+At the lowest directory level is the ``block`` directory. There can be 0, 1
+or more blocks specified in each instance:
+
+ +-------------+
+ | test-block0 |
+ +-------------+
+
+In this directory the default attributes are:
+
+ ============== ================================================
+ ce_count which is counter of CE events for this ``block``
+ of hardware being monitored
+ ue_count which is counter of UE events for this ``block``
+ of hardware being monitored
+ ============== ================================================
+
+
+The ``test_device_edac`` device adds 4 attributes and 1 control:
+
+ ================== ====================================================
+ test-block-bits-0 for every POLL cycle this counter
+ is incremented
+ test-block-bits-1 every 10 cycles, this counter is bumped once,
+ and test-block-bits-0 is set to 0
+ test-block-bits-2 every 100 cycles, this counter is bumped once,
+ and test-block-bits-1 is set to 0
+ test-block-bits-3 every 1000 cycles, this counter is bumped once,
+ and test-block-bits-2 is set to 0
+ ================== ====================================================
+
+
+ ================== ====================================================
+ reset-counters writing ANY thing to this control will
+ reset all the above counters.
+ ================== ====================================================
+
+
+Use of the ``test_device_edac`` driver should enable any others to create their own
+unique drivers for their hardware systems.
+
+The ``test_device_edac`` sample driver is located at the
+http://bluesmoke.sourceforge.net project site for EDAC.
+
+
+Usage of EDAC APIs on Nehalem and newer Intel CPUs
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+On older Intel architectures, the memory controller was part of the North
+Bridge chipset. Nehalem, Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, Haswell, Sky Lake and
+newer Intel architectures integrated an enhanced version of the memory
+controller (MC) inside the CPUs.
+
+This chapter will cover the differences of the enhanced memory controllers
+found on newer Intel CPUs, such as ``i7core_edac``, ``sb_edac`` and
+``sbx_edac`` drivers.
+
+.. note::
+
+ The Xeon E7 processor families use a separate chip for the memory
+ controller, called Intel Scalable Memory Buffer. This section doesn't
+ apply for such families.
+
+1) There is one Memory Controller per Quick Patch Interconnect
+ (QPI). At the driver, the term "socket" means one QPI. This is
+ associated with a physical CPU socket.
+
+ Each MC have 3 physical read channels, 3 physical write channels and
+ 3 logic channels. The driver currently sees it as just 3 channels.
+ Each channel can have up to 3 DIMMs.
+
+ The minimum known unity is DIMMs. There are no information about csrows.
+ As EDAC API maps the minimum unity is csrows, the driver sequentially
+ maps channel/DIMM into different csrows.
+
+ For example, supposing the following layout::
+
+ Ch0 phy rd0, wr0 (0x063f4031): 2 ranks, UDIMMs
+ dimm 0 1024 Mb offset: 0, bank: 8, rank: 1, row: 0x4000, col: 0x400
+ dimm 1 1024 Mb offset: 4, bank: 8, rank: 1, row: 0x4000, col: 0x400
+ Ch1 phy rd1, wr1 (0x063f4031): 2 ranks, UDIMMs
+ dimm 0 1024 Mb offset: 0, bank: 8, rank: 1, row: 0x4000, col: 0x400
+ Ch2 phy rd3, wr3 (0x063f4031): 2 ranks, UDIMMs
+ dimm 0 1024 Mb offset: 0, bank: 8, rank: 1, row: 0x4000, col: 0x400
+
+ The driver will map it as::
+
+ csrow0: channel 0, dimm0
+ csrow1: channel 0, dimm1
+ csrow2: channel 1, dimm0
+ csrow3: channel 2, dimm0
+
+ exports one DIMM per csrow.
+
+ Each QPI is exported as a different memory controller.
+
+2) The MC has the ability to inject errors to test drivers. The drivers
+ implement this functionality via some error injection nodes:
+
+ For injecting a memory error, there are some sysfs nodes, under
+ ``/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc?/``:
+
+ - ``inject_addrmatch/*``:
+ Controls the error injection mask register. It is possible to specify
+ several characteristics of the address to match an error code::
+
+ dimm = the affected dimm. Numbers are relative to a channel;
+ rank = the memory rank;
+ channel = the channel that will generate an error;
+ bank = the affected bank;
+ page = the page address;
+ column (or col) = the address column.
+
+ each of the above values can be set to "any" to match any valid value.
+
+ At driver init, all values are set to any.
+
+ For example, to generate an error at rank 1 of dimm 2, for any channel,
+ any bank, any page, any column::
+
+ echo 2 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_addrmatch/dimm
+ echo 1 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_addrmatch/rank
+
+ To return to the default behaviour of matching any, you can do::
+
+ echo any >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_addrmatch/dimm
+ echo any >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_addrmatch/rank
+
+ - ``inject_eccmask``:
+ specifies what bits will have troubles,
+
+ - ``inject_section``:
+ specifies what ECC cache section will get the error::
+
+ 3 for both
+ 2 for the highest
+ 1 for the lowest
+
+ - ``inject_type``:
+ specifies the type of error, being a combination of the following bits::
+
+ bit 0 - repeat
+ bit 1 - ecc
+ bit 2 - parity
+
+ - ``inject_enable``:
+ starts the error generation when something different than 0 is written.
+
+ All inject vars can be read. root permission is needed for write.
+
+ Datasheet states that the error will only be generated after a write on an
+ address that matches inject_addrmatch. It seems, however, that reading will
+ also produce an error.
+
+ For example, the following code will generate an error for any write access
+ at socket 0, on any DIMM/address on channel 2::
+
+ echo 2 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_addrmatch/channel
+ echo 2 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_type
+ echo 64 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_eccmask
+ echo 3 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_section
+ echo 1 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_enable
+ dd if=/dev/mem of=/dev/null seek=16k bs=4k count=1 >& /dev/null
+
+ For socket 1, it is needed to replace "mc0" by "mc1" at the above
+ commands.
+
+ The generated error message will look like::
+
+ EDAC MC0: UE row 0, channel-a= 0 channel-b= 0 labels "-": NON_FATAL (addr = 0x0075b980, socket=0, Dimm=0, Channel=2, syndrome=0x00000040, count=1, Err=8c0000400001009f:4000080482 (read error: read ECC error))
+
+3) Corrected Error memory register counters
+
+ Those newer MCs have some registers to count memory errors. The driver
+ uses those registers to report Corrected Errors on devices with Registered
+ DIMMs.
+
+ However, those counters don't work with Unregistered DIMM. As the chipset
+ offers some counters that also work with UDIMMs (but with a worse level of
+ granularity than the default ones), the driver exposes those registers for
+ UDIMM memories.
+
+ They can be read by looking at the contents of ``all_channel_counts/``::
+
+ $ for i in /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/all_channel_counts/*; do echo $i; cat $i; done
+ /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/all_channel_counts/udimm0
+ 0
+ /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/all_channel_counts/udimm1
+ 0
+ /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/all_channel_counts/udimm2
+ 0
+
+ What happens here is that errors on different csrows, but at the same
+ dimm number will increment the same counter.
+ So, in this memory mapping::
+
+ csrow0: channel 0, dimm0
+ csrow1: channel 0, dimm1
+ csrow2: channel 1, dimm0
+ csrow3: channel 2, dimm0
+
+ The hardware will increment udimm0 for an error at the first dimm at either
+ csrow0, csrow2 or csrow3;
+
+ The hardware will increment udimm1 for an error at the second dimm at either
+ csrow0, csrow2 or csrow3;
+
+ The hardware will increment udimm2 for an error at the third dimm at either
+ csrow0, csrow2 or csrow3;
+
+4) Standard error counters
+
+ The standard error counters are generated when an mcelog error is received
+ by the driver. Since, with UDIMM, this is counted by software, it is
+ possible that some errors could be lost. With RDIMM's, they display the
+ contents of the registers
+
+Reference documents used on ``amd64_edac``
+------------------------------------------
+
+``amd64_edac`` module is based on the following documents
+(available from http://support.amd.com/en-us/search/tech-docs):
+
+1. :Title: BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide for AMD Athlon 64 and AMD
+ Opteron Processors
+ :AMD publication #: 26094
+ :Revision: 3.26
+ :Link: http://support.amd.com/TechDocs/26094.PDF
+
+2. :Title: BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide for AMD NPT Family 0Fh
+ Processors
+ :AMD publication #: 32559
+ :Revision: 3.00
+ :Issue Date: May 2006
+ :Link: http://support.amd.com/TechDocs/32559.pdf
+
+3. :Title: BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide (BKDG) For AMD Family 10h
+ Processors
+ :AMD publication #: 31116
+ :Revision: 3.00
+ :Issue Date: September 07, 2007
+ :Link: http://support.amd.com/TechDocs/31116.pdf
+
+4. :Title: BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide (BKDG) for AMD Family 15h
+ Models 30h-3Fh Processors
+ :AMD publication #: 49125
+ :Revision: 3.06
+ :Issue Date: 2/12/2015 (latest release)
+ :Link: http://support.amd.com/TechDocs/49125_15h_Models_30h-3Fh_BKDG.pdf
+
+5. :Title: BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide (BKDG) for AMD Family 15h
+ Models 60h-6Fh Processors
+ :AMD publication #: 50742
+ :Revision: 3.01
+ :Issue Date: 7/23/2015 (latest release)
+ :Link: http://support.amd.com/TechDocs/50742_15h_Models_60h-6Fh_BKDG.pdf
+
+6. :Title: BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide (BKDG) for AMD Family 16h
+ Models 00h-0Fh Processors
+ :AMD publication #: 48751
+ :Revision: 3.03
+ :Issue Date: 2/23/2015 (latest release)
+ :Link: http://support.amd.com/TechDocs/48751_16h_bkdg.pdf
+
+Credits
+=======
+
+* Written by Doug Thompson <dougthompson@xmission.com>
+
+ - 7 Dec 2005
+ - 17 Jul 2007 Updated
+
+* |copy| Mauro Carvalho Chehab
+
+ - 05 Aug 2009 Nehalem interface
+ - 26 Oct 2016 Converted to ReST and cleanups at the Nehalem section
+
+* EDAC authors/maintainers:
+
+ - Doug Thompson, Dave Jiang, Dave Peterson et al,
+ - Mauro Carvalho Chehab
+ - Borislav Petkov
+ - original author: Thayne Harbaugh
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..05301f03b717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+.. _readme:
+
+Linux kernel release 6.x <http://kernel.org/>
+=============================================
+
+These are the release notes for Linux version 6. Read them carefully,
+as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the
+kernel, and what to do if something goes wrong.
+
+What is Linux?
+--------------
+
+ Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by
+ Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across
+ the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance.
+
+ It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix,
+ including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand
+ loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management,
+ and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6.
+
+ It is distributed under the GNU General Public License v2 - see the
+ accompanying COPYING file for more details.
+
+On what hardware does it run?
+-----------------------------
+
+ Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher),
+ today Linux also runs on (at least) the Compaq Alpha AXP, Sun SPARC and
+ UltraSPARC, Motorola 68000, PowerPC, PowerPC64, ARM, Hitachi SuperH, Cell,
+ IBM S/390, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, Intel IA-64, DEC VAX, AMD x86-64 Xtensa, and
+ ARC architectures.
+
+ Linux is easily portable to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures
+ as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the
+ GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of The GNU Compiler Collection, GCC). Linux has
+ also been ported to a number of architectures without a PMMU, although
+ functionality is then obviously somewhat limited.
+ Linux has also been ported to itself. You can now run the kernel as a
+ userspace application - this is called UserMode Linux (UML).
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+ - There is a lot of documentation available both in electronic form on
+ the Internet and in books, both Linux-specific and pertaining to
+ general UNIX questions. I'd recommend looking into the documentation
+ subdirectories on any Linux FTP site for the LDP (Linux Documentation
+ Project) books. This README is not meant to be documentation on the
+ system: there are much better sources available.
+
+ - There are various README files in the Documentation/ subdirectory:
+ these typically contain kernel-specific installation notes for some
+ drivers for example. Please read the
+ :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst <changes>` file, as it
+ contains information about the problems, which may result by upgrading
+ your kernel.
+
+Installing the kernel source
+----------------------------
+
+ - If you install the full sources, put the kernel tarball in a
+ directory where you have permissions (e.g. your home directory) and
+ unpack it::
+
+ xz -cd linux-6.x.tar.xz | tar xvf -
+
+ Replace "X" with the version number of the latest kernel.
+
+ Do NOT use the /usr/src/linux area! This area has a (usually
+ incomplete) set of kernel headers that are used by the library header
+ files. They should match the library, and not get messed up by
+ whatever the kernel-du-jour happens to be.
+
+ - You can also upgrade between 6.x releases by patching. Patches are
+ distributed in the xz format. To install by patching, get all the
+ newer patch files, enter the top level directory of the kernel source
+ (linux-6.x) and execute::
+
+ xz -cd ../patch-6.x.xz | patch -p1
+
+ Replace "x" for all versions bigger than the version "x" of your current
+ source tree, **in_order**, and you should be ok. You may want to remove
+ the backup files (some-file-name~ or some-file-name.orig), and make sure
+ that there are no failed patches (some-file-name# or some-file-name.rej).
+ If there are, either you or I have made a mistake.
+
+ Unlike patches for the 6.x kernels, patches for the 6.x.y kernels
+ (also known as the -stable kernels) are not incremental but instead apply
+ directly to the base 6.x kernel. For example, if your base kernel is 6.0
+ and you want to apply the 6.0.3 patch, you must not first apply the 6.0.1
+ and 6.0.2 patches. Similarly, if you are running kernel version 6.0.2 and
+ want to jump to 6.0.3, you must first reverse the 6.0.2 patch (that is,
+ patch -R) **before** applying the 6.0.3 patch. You can read more on this in
+ :ref:`Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst <applying_patches>`.
+
+ Alternatively, the script patch-kernel can be used to automate this
+ process. It determines the current kernel version and applies any
+ patches found::
+
+ linux/scripts/patch-kernel linux
+
+ The first argument in the command above is the location of the
+ kernel source. Patches are applied from the current directory, but
+ an alternative directory can be specified as the second argument.
+
+ - Make sure you have no stale .o files and dependencies lying around::
+
+ cd linux
+ make mrproper
+
+ You should now have the sources correctly installed.
+
+Software requirements
+---------------------
+
+ Compiling and running the 6.x kernels requires up-to-date
+ versions of various software packages. Consult
+ :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst <changes>` for the minimum version numbers
+ required and how to get updates for these packages. Beware that using
+ excessively old versions of these packages can cause indirect
+ errors that are very difficult to track down, so don't assume that
+ you can just update packages when obvious problems arise during
+ build or operation.
+
+Build directory for the kernel
+------------------------------
+
+ When compiling the kernel, all output files will per default be
+ stored together with the kernel source code.
+ Using the option ``make O=output/dir`` allows you to specify an alternate
+ place for the output files (including .config).
+ Example::
+
+ kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-6.x
+ build directory: /home/name/build/kernel
+
+ To configure and build the kernel, use::
+
+ cd /usr/src/linux-6.x
+ make O=/home/name/build/kernel menuconfig
+ make O=/home/name/build/kernel
+ sudo make O=/home/name/build/kernel modules_install install
+
+ Please note: If the ``O=output/dir`` option is used, then it must be
+ used for all invocations of make.
+
+Configuring the kernel
+----------------------
+
+ Do not skip this step even if you are only upgrading one minor
+ version. New configuration options are added in each release, and
+ odd problems will turn up if the configuration files are not set up
+ as expected. If you want to carry your existing configuration to a
+ new version with minimal work, use ``make oldconfig``, which will
+ only ask you for the answers to new questions.
+
+ - Alternative configuration commands are::
+
+ "make config" Plain text interface.
+
+ "make menuconfig" Text based color menus, radiolists & dialogs.
+
+ "make nconfig" Enhanced text based color menus.
+
+ "make xconfig" Qt based configuration tool.
+
+ "make gconfig" GTK based configuration tool.
+
+ "make oldconfig" Default all questions based on the contents of
+ your existing ./.config file and asking about
+ new config symbols.
+
+ "make olddefconfig"
+ Like above, but sets new symbols to their default
+ values without prompting.
+
+ "make defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default
+ symbol values from either arch/$ARCH/configs/defconfig
+ or arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig,
+ depending on the architecture.
+
+ "make ${PLATFORM}_defconfig"
+ Create a ./.config file by using the default
+ symbol values from
+ arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig.
+ Use "make help" to get a list of all available
+ platforms of your architecture.
+
+ "make allyesconfig"
+ Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
+ values to 'y' as much as possible.
+
+ "make allmodconfig"
+ Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
+ values to 'm' as much as possible.
+
+ "make allnoconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
+ values to 'n' as much as possible.
+
+ "make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
+ values to random values.
+
+ "make localmodconfig" Create a config based on current config and
+ loaded modules (lsmod). Disables any module
+ option that is not needed for the loaded modules.
+
+ To create a localmodconfig for another machine,
+ store the lsmod of that machine into a file
+ and pass it in as a LSMOD parameter.
+
+ Also, you can preserve modules in certain folders
+ or kconfig files by specifying their paths in
+ parameter LMC_KEEP.
+
+ target$ lsmod > /tmp/mylsmod
+ target$ scp /tmp/mylsmod host:/tmp
+
+ host$ make LSMOD=/tmp/mylsmod \
+ LMC_KEEP="drivers/usb:drivers/gpu:fs" \
+ localmodconfig
+
+ The above also works when cross compiling.
+
+ "make localyesconfig" Similar to localmodconfig, except it will convert
+ all module options to built in (=y) options. You can
+ also preserve modules by LMC_KEEP.
+
+ "make kvm_guest.config" Enable additional options for kvm guest kernel
+ support.
+
+ "make xen.config" Enable additional options for xen dom0 guest kernel
+ support.
+
+ "make tinyconfig" Configure the tiniest possible kernel.
+
+ You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools
+ in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst.
+
+ - NOTES on ``make config``:
+
+ - Having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can
+ under some circumstances lead to problems: probing for a
+ nonexistent controller card may confuse your other controllers.
+
+ - A kernel with math-emulation compiled in will still use the
+ coprocessor if one is present: the math emulation will just
+ never get used in that case. The kernel will be slightly larger,
+ but will work on different machines regardless of whether they
+ have a math coprocessor or not.
+
+ - The "kernel hacking" configuration details usually result in a
+ bigger or slower kernel (or both), and can even make the kernel
+ less stable by configuring some routines to actively try to
+ break bad code to find kernel problems (kmalloc()). Thus you
+ should probably answer 'n' to the questions for "development",
+ "experimental", or "debugging" features.
+
+Compiling the kernel
+--------------------
+
+ - Make sure you have at least gcc 8.1 available.
+ For more information, refer to :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst <changes>`.
+
+ - Do a ``make`` to create a compressed kernel image. It is also possible to do
+ ``make install`` if you have lilo installed or if your distribution has an
+ install script recognised by the kernel's installer. Most popular
+ distributions will have a recognized install script. You may want to
+ check your distribution's setup first.
+
+ To do the actual install, you have to be root, but none of the normal
+ build should require that. Don't take the name of root in vain.
+
+ - If you configured any of the parts of the kernel as ``modules``, you
+ will also have to do ``make modules_install``.
+
+ - Verbose kernel compile/build output:
+
+ Normally, the kernel build system runs in a fairly quiet mode (but not
+ totally silent). However, sometimes you or other kernel developers need
+ to see compile, link, or other commands exactly as they are executed.
+ For this, use "verbose" build mode. This is done by passing
+ ``V=1`` to the ``make`` command, e.g.::
+
+ make V=1 all
+
+ To have the build system also tell the reason for the rebuild of each
+ target, use ``V=2``. The default is ``V=0``.
+
+ - Keep a backup kernel handy in case something goes wrong. This is
+ especially true for the development releases, since each new release
+ contains new code which has not been debugged. Make sure you keep a
+ backup of the modules corresponding to that kernel, as well. If you
+ are installing a new kernel with the same version number as your
+ working kernel, make a backup of your modules directory before you
+ do a ``make modules_install``.
+
+ Alternatively, before compiling, use the kernel config option
+ "LOCALVERSION" to append a unique suffix to the regular kernel version.
+ LOCALVERSION can be set in the "General Setup" menu.
+
+ - In order to boot your new kernel, you'll need to copy the kernel
+ image (e.g. .../linux/arch/x86/boot/bzImage after compilation)
+ to the place where your regular bootable kernel is found.
+
+ - Booting a kernel directly from a storage device without the assistance
+ of a bootloader such as LILO or GRUB, is no longer supported in BIOS
+ (non-EFI systems). On UEFI/EFI systems, however, you can use EFISTUB
+ which allows the motherboard to boot directly to the kernel.
+ On modern workstations and desktops, it's generally recommended to use a
+ bootloader as difficulties can arise with multiple kernels and secure boot.
+ For more details on EFISTUB,
+ see "Documentation/admin-guide/efi-stub.rst".
+
+ - It's important to note that as of 2016 LILO (LInux LOader) is no longer in
+ active development, though as it was extremely popular, it often comes up
+ in documentation. Popular alternatives include GRUB2, rEFInd, Syslinux,
+ systemd-boot, or EFISTUB. For various reasons, it's not recommended to use
+ software that's no longer in active development.
+
+ - Chances are your distribution includes an install script and running
+ ``make install`` will be all that's needed. Should that not be the case
+ you'll have to identify your bootloader and reference its documentation or
+ configure your EFI.
+
+Legacy LILO Instructions
+------------------------
+
+
+ - If you use LILO the kernel images are specified in the file /etc/lilo.conf.
+ The kernel image file is usually /vmlinuz, /boot/vmlinuz, /bzImage or
+ /boot/bzImage. To use the new kernel, save a copy of the old image and copy
+ the new image over the old one. Then, you MUST RERUN LILO to update the
+ loading map! If you don't, you won't be able to boot the new kernel image.
+
+ - Reinstalling LILO is usually a matter of running /sbin/lilo. You may wish
+ to edit /etc/lilo.conf to specify an entry for your old kernel image
+ (say, /vmlinux.old) in case the new one does not work. See the LILO docs
+ for more information.
+
+ - After reinstalling LILO, you should be all set. Shutdown the system,
+ reboot, and enjoy!
+
+ - If you ever need to change the default root device, video mode, etc. in the
+ kernel image, use your bootloader's boot options where appropriate. No need
+ to recompile the kernel to change these parameters.
+
+ - Reboot with the new kernel and enjoy.
+
+
+If something goes wrong
+-----------------------
+
+If you have problems that seem to be due to kernel bugs, please follow the
+instructions at 'Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst'.
+
+Hints on understanding kernel bug reports are in
+'Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst'. More on debugging the kernel
+with gdb is in 'Documentation/process/debugging/gdb-kernel-debugging.rst' and
+'Documentation/process/debugging/kgdb.rst'.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-obsolete-files.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-obsolete-files.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3061a916b4b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-obsolete-files.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Obsolete ABI Files
+==================
+
+.. kernel-abi:: obsolete
+ :no-symbols:
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-obsolete.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-obsolete.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..640f3903e847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-obsolete.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+ABI obsolete symbols
+====================
+
+Documents interfaces that are still remaining in the kernel, but are
+marked to be removed at some later point in time.
+
+The description of the interface will document the reason why it is
+obsolete and when it can be expected to be removed.
+
+.. kernel-abi:: obsolete
+ :no-files:
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-removed-files.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-removed-files.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f1bdfadd2ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-removed-files.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Removed ABI Files
+=================
+
+.. kernel-abi:: removed
+ :no-symbols:
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-removed.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-removed.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..88832d3eacd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-removed.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+ABI removed symbols
+===================
+
+.. kernel-abi:: removed
+ :no-files:
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-stable-files.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-stable-files.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f867738fc178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-stable-files.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Stable ABI Files
+================
+
+.. kernel-abi:: stable
+ :no-symbols:
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-stable.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-stable.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..528c68401f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-stable.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+ABI stable symbols
+==================
+
+Documents the interfaces that the developer has defined to be stable.
+
+Userspace programs are free to use these interfaces with no
+restrictions, and backward compatibility for them will be guaranteed
+for at least 2 years.
+
+Most interfaces (like syscalls) are expected to never change and always
+be available.
+
+.. kernel-abi:: stable
+ :no-files:
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-testing-files.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-testing-files.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1da868e42fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-testing-files.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Testing ABI Files
+=================
+
+.. kernel-abi:: testing
+ :no-symbols:
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-testing.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-testing.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6153ebd38e2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi-testing.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+ABI testing symbols
+===================
+
+Documents interfaces that are felt to be stable,
+as the main development of this interface has been completed.
+
+The interface can be changed to add new features, but the
+current interface will not break by doing this, unless grave
+errors or security problems are found in them.
+
+Userspace programs can start to rely on these interfaces, but they must
+be aware of changes that can occur before these interfaces move to
+be marked stable.
+
+Programs that use these interfaces are strongly encouraged to add their
+name to the description of these interfaces, so that the kernel
+developers can easily notify them if any changes occur.
+
+.. kernel-abi:: testing
+ :no-files:
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/abi.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c6039359e585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/abi.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=====================
+Linux ABI description
+=====================
+
+.. kernel-abi:: README
+
+ABI symbols
+-----------
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 2
+
+ abi-stable
+ abi-testing
+ abi-obsolete
+ abi-removed
+
+ABI files
+---------
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 2
+
+ abi-stable-files
+ abi-testing-files
+ abi-obsolete-files
+ abi-removed-files
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/cppc_sysfs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/cppc_sysfs.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..36981c667823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/cppc_sysfs.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==================================================
+Collaborative Processor Performance Control (CPPC)
+==================================================
+
+.. _cppc_sysfs:
+
+CPPC
+====
+
+CPPC defined in the ACPI spec describes a mechanism for the OS to manage the
+performance of a logical processor on a contiguous and abstract performance
+scale. CPPC exposes a set of registers to describe abstract performance scale,
+to request performance levels and to measure per-cpu delivered performance.
+
+For more details on CPPC please refer to the ACPI specification at:
+
+http://uefi.org/specifications
+
+Some of the CPPC registers are exposed via sysfs under::
+
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/acpi_cppc/
+
+for each cpu X::
+
+ $ ls -lR /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/acpi_cppc/
+ /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/acpi_cppc/:
+ total 0
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Mar 5 19:38 feedback_ctrs
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Mar 5 19:38 highest_perf
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Mar 5 19:38 lowest_freq
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Mar 5 19:38 lowest_nonlinear_perf
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Mar 5 19:38 lowest_perf
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Mar 5 19:38 nominal_freq
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Mar 5 19:38 nominal_perf
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Mar 5 19:38 reference_perf
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Mar 5 19:38 wraparound_time
+
+* highest_perf : Highest performance of this processor (abstract scale).
+* nominal_perf : Highest sustained performance of this processor
+ (abstract scale).
+* lowest_nonlinear_perf : Lowest performance of this processor with nonlinear
+ power savings (abstract scale).
+* lowest_perf : Lowest performance of this processor (abstract scale).
+
+* lowest_freq : CPU frequency corresponding to lowest_perf (in MHz).
+* nominal_freq : CPU frequency corresponding to nominal_perf (in MHz).
+ The above frequencies should only be used to report processor performance in
+ frequency instead of abstract scale. These values should not be used for any
+ functional decisions.
+
+* feedback_ctrs : Includes both Reference and delivered performance counter.
+ Reference counter ticks up proportional to processor's reference performance.
+ Delivered counter ticks up proportional to processor's delivered performance.
+* wraparound_time: Minimum time for the feedback counters to wraparound
+ (seconds).
+* reference_perf : Performance level at which reference performance counter
+ accumulates (abstract scale).
+
+
+Computing Average Delivered Performance
+=======================================
+
+Below describes the steps to compute the average performance delivered by
+taking two different snapshots of feedback counters at time T1 and T2.
+
+ T1: Read feedback_ctrs as fbc_t1
+ Wait or run some workload
+
+ T2: Read feedback_ctrs as fbc_t2
+
+::
+
+ delivered_counter_delta = fbc_t2[del] - fbc_t1[del]
+ reference_counter_delta = fbc_t2[ref] - fbc_t1[ref]
+
+ delivered_perf = (reference_perf x delivered_counter_delta) / reference_counter_delta
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/fan_performance_states.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/fan_performance_states.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b9e4b4d146c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/fan_performance_states.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===========================
+ACPI Fan Performance States
+===========================
+
+When the optional _FPS object is present under an ACPI device representing a
+fan (for example, PNP0C0B or INT3404), the ACPI fan driver creates additional
+"state*" attributes in the sysfs directory of the ACPI device in question.
+These attributes list properties of fan performance states.
+
+For more information on _FPS refer to the ACPI specification at:
+
+http://uefi.org/specifications
+
+For instance, the contents of the INT3404 ACPI device sysfs directory
+may look as follows::
+
+ $ ls -l /sys/bus/acpi/devices/INT3404:00/
+ total 0
+ ...
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state0
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state1
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state10
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state11
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state2
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state3
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state4
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state5
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state6
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state7
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state8
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 20:38 state9
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 01:00 status
+ ...
+
+where each of the "state*" files represents one performance state of the fan
+and contains a colon-separated list of 5 integer numbers (fields) with the
+following interpretation::
+
+ control_percent:trip_point_index:speed_rpm:noise_level_mdb:power_mw
+
+* ``control_percent``: The percent value to be used to set the fan speed to a
+ specific level using the _FSL object (0-100).
+
+* ``trip_point_index``: The active cooling trip point number that corresponds
+ to this performance state (0-9).
+
+* ``speed_rpm``: Speed of the fan in rotations per minute.
+
+* ``noise_level_mdb``: Audible noise emitted by the fan in this state in
+ millidecibels.
+
+* ``power_mw``: Power draw of the fan in this state in milliwatts.
+
+For example::
+
+ $cat /sys/bus/acpi/devices/INT3404:00/state1
+ 25:0:3200:12500:1250
+
+When a given field is not populated or its value provided by the platform
+firmware is invalid, the "not-defined" string is shown instead of the value.
+
+ACPI Fan Fine Grain Control
+=============================
+
+When _FIF object specifies support for fine grain control, then fan speed
+can be set from 0 to 100% with the recommended minimum "step size" via
+_FSL object. User can adjust fan speed using thermal sysfs cooling device.
+
+Here use can look at fan performance states for a reference speed (speed_rpm)
+and set it by changing cooling device cur_state. If the fine grain control
+is supported then user can also adjust to some other speeds which are
+not defined in the performance states.
+
+The support of fine grain control is presented via sysfs attribute
+"fine_grain_control". If fine grain control is present, this attribute
+will show "1" otherwise "0".
+
+This sysfs attribute is presented in the same directory as performance states.
+
+ACPI Fan Performance Feedback
+=============================
+
+The optional _FST object provides status information for the fan device.
+This includes field to provide current fan speed in revolutions per minute
+at which the fan is rotating.
+
+This speed is presented in the sysfs using the attribute "fan_speed_rpm",
+in the same directory as performance states.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b078fdb8f4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+============
+ACPI Support
+============
+
+Here we document in detail how to interact with various mechanisms in
+the Linux ACPI support.
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ initrd_table_override
+ ssdt-overlays
+ cppc_sysfs
+ fan_performance_states
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/initrd_table_override.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/initrd_table_override.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bb24fa6b5fbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/initrd_table_override.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+================================
+Upgrading ACPI tables via initrd
+================================
+
+What is this about
+==================
+
+If the ACPI_TABLE_UPGRADE compile option is true, it is possible to
+upgrade the ACPI execution environment that is defined by the ACPI tables
+via upgrading the ACPI tables provided by the BIOS with an instrumented,
+modified, more recent version one, or installing brand new ACPI tables.
+
+When building initrd with kernel in a single image, option
+ACPI_TABLE_OVERRIDE_VIA_BUILTIN_INITRD should also be true for this
+feature to work.
+
+For a full list of ACPI tables that can be upgraded/installed, take a look
+at the char `*table_sigs[MAX_ACPI_SIGNATURE];` definition in
+drivers/acpi/tables.c.
+
+All ACPI tables iasl (Intel's ACPI compiler and disassembler) knows should
+be overridable, except:
+
+ - ACPI_SIG_RSDP (has a signature of 6 bytes)
+ - ACPI_SIG_FACS (does not have an ordinary ACPI table header)
+
+Both could get implemented as well.
+
+
+What is this for
+================
+
+Complain to your platform/BIOS vendor if you find a bug which is so severe
+that a workaround is not accepted in the Linux kernel. And this facility
+allows you to upgrade the buggy tables before your platform/BIOS vendor
+releases an upgraded BIOS binary.
+
+This facility can be used by platform/BIOS vendors to provide a Linux
+compatible environment without modifying the underlying platform firmware.
+
+This facility also provides a powerful feature to easily debug and test
+ACPI BIOS table compatibility with the Linux kernel by modifying old
+platform provided ACPI tables or inserting new ACPI tables.
+
+It can and should be enabled in any kernel because there is no functional
+change with not instrumented initrds.
+
+
+How does it work
+================
+::
+
+ # Extract the machine's ACPI tables:
+ cd /tmp
+ acpidump >acpidump
+ acpixtract -a acpidump
+ # Disassemble, modify and recompile them:
+ iasl -d *.dat
+ # For example add this statement into a _PRT (PCI Routing Table) function
+ # of the DSDT:
+ Store("HELLO WORLD", debug)
+ # And increase the OEM Revision. For example, before modification:
+ DefinitionBlock ("DSDT.aml", "DSDT", 2, "INTEL ", "TEMPLATE", 0x00000000)
+ # After modification:
+ DefinitionBlock ("DSDT.aml", "DSDT", 2, "INTEL ", "TEMPLATE", 0x00000001)
+ iasl -sa dsdt.dsl
+ # Add the raw ACPI tables to an uncompressed cpio archive.
+ # They must be put into a /kernel/firmware/acpi directory inside the cpio
+ # archive. Note that if the table put here matches a platform table
+ # (similar Table Signature, and similar OEMID, and similar OEM Table ID)
+ # with a more recent OEM Revision, the platform table will be upgraded by
+ # this table. If the table put here doesn't match a platform table
+ # (dissimilar Table Signature, or dissimilar OEMID, or dissimilar OEM Table
+ # ID), this table will be appended.
+ mkdir -p kernel/firmware/acpi
+ cp dsdt.aml kernel/firmware/acpi
+ # A maximum of "NR_ACPI_INITRD_TABLES (64)" tables are currently allowed
+ # (see osl.c):
+ iasl -sa facp.dsl
+ iasl -sa ssdt1.dsl
+ cp facp.aml kernel/firmware/acpi
+ cp ssdt1.aml kernel/firmware/acpi
+ # The uncompressed cpio archive must be the first. Other, typically
+ # compressed cpio archives, must be concatenated on top of the uncompressed
+ # one. Following command creates the uncompressed cpio archive and
+ # concatenates the original initrd on top:
+ find kernel | cpio -H newc --create > /boot/instrumented_initrd
+ cat /boot/initrd >>/boot/instrumented_initrd
+ # reboot with increased acpi debug level, e.g. boot params:
+ acpi.debug_level=0x2 acpi.debug_layer=0xFFFFFFFF
+ # and check your syslog:
+ [ 1.268089] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT]
+ [ 1.272091] [ACPI Debug] String [0x0B] "HELLO WORLD"
+
+iasl is able to disassemble and recompile quite a lot different,
+also static ACPI tables.
+
+
+Where to retrieve userspace tools
+=================================
+
+iasl and acpixtract are part of Intel's ACPICA project:
+https://acpica.org/
+
+and should be packaged by distributions (for example in the acpica package
+on SUSE).
+
+acpidump can be found in Len Browns pmtools:
+ftp://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/lenb/acpi/utils/pmtools/acpidump
+
+This tool is also part of the acpica package on SUSE.
+Alternatively, used ACPI tables can be retrieved via sysfs in latest kernels:
+/sys/firmware/acpi/tables
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/ssdt-overlays.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/ssdt-overlays.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5ea9f4a3b76e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/ssdt-overlays.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=============
+SSDT Overlays
+=============
+
+In order to support ACPI open-ended hardware configurations (e.g. development
+boards) we need a way to augment the ACPI configuration provided by the firmware
+image. A common example is connecting sensors on I2C / SPI buses on development
+boards.
+
+Although this can be accomplished by creating a kernel platform driver or
+recompiling the firmware image with updated ACPI tables, neither is practical:
+the former proliferates board specific kernel code while the latter requires
+access to firmware tools which are often not publicly available.
+
+Because ACPI supports external references in AML code a more practical
+way to augment firmware ACPI configuration is by dynamically loading
+user defined SSDT tables that contain the board specific information.
+
+For example, to enumerate a Bosch BMA222E accelerometer on the I2C bus of the
+Minnowboard MAX development board exposed via the LSE connector [1], the
+following ASL code can be used::
+
+ DefinitionBlock ("minnowmax.aml", "SSDT", 1, "Vendor", "Accel", 0x00000003)
+ {
+ External (\_SB.I2C6, DeviceObj)
+
+ Scope (\_SB.I2C6)
+ {
+ Device (STAC)
+ {
+ Name (_HID, "BMA222E")
+ Name (RBUF, ResourceTemplate ()
+ {
+ I2cSerialBus (0x0018, ControllerInitiated, 0x00061A80,
+ AddressingMode7Bit, "\\_SB.I2C6", 0x00,
+ ResourceConsumer, ,)
+ GpioInt (Edge, ActiveHigh, Exclusive, PullDown, 0x0000,
+ "\\_SB.GPO2", 0x00, ResourceConsumer, , )
+ { // Pin list
+ 0
+ }
+ })
+
+ Method (_CRS, 0, Serialized)
+ {
+ Return (RBUF)
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+which can then be compiled to AML binary format::
+
+ $ iasl minnowmax.asl
+
+ Intel ACPI Component Architecture
+ ASL Optimizing Compiler version 20140214-64 [Mar 29 2014]
+ Copyright (c) 2000 - 2014 Intel Corporation
+
+ ASL Input: minnomax.asl - 30 lines, 614 bytes, 7 keywords
+ AML Output: minnowmax.aml - 165 bytes, 6 named objects, 1 executable opcodes
+
+[1] https://www.elinux.org/Minnowboard:MinnowMax#Low_Speed_Expansion_.28Top.29
+
+The resulting AML code can then be loaded by the kernel using one of the methods
+below.
+
+Loading ACPI SSDTs from initrd
+==============================
+
+This option allows loading of user defined SSDTs from initrd and it is useful
+when the system does not support EFI or when there is not enough EFI storage.
+
+It works in a similar way with initrd based ACPI tables override/upgrade: SSDT
+AML code must be placed in the first, uncompressed, initrd under the
+"kernel/firmware/acpi" path. Multiple files can be used and this will translate
+in loading multiple tables. Only SSDT and OEM tables are allowed. See
+initrd_table_override.txt for more details.
+
+Here is an example::
+
+ # Add the raw ACPI tables to an uncompressed cpio archive.
+ # They must be put into a /kernel/firmware/acpi directory inside the
+ # cpio archive.
+ # The uncompressed cpio archive must be the first.
+ # Other, typically compressed cpio archives, must be
+ # concatenated on top of the uncompressed one.
+ mkdir -p kernel/firmware/acpi
+ cp ssdt.aml kernel/firmware/acpi
+
+ # Create the uncompressed cpio archive and concatenate the original initrd
+ # on top:
+ find kernel | cpio -H newc --create > /boot/instrumented_initrd
+ cat /boot/initrd >>/boot/instrumented_initrd
+
+Loading ACPI SSDTs from EFI variables
+=====================================
+
+This is the preferred method, when EFI is supported on the platform, because it
+allows a persistent, OS independent way of storing the user defined SSDTs. There
+is also work underway to implement EFI support for loading user defined SSDTs
+and using this method will make it easier to convert to the EFI loading
+mechanism when that will arrive. To enable it, the
+CONFIG_EFI_CUSTOM_SSDT_OVERLAYS should be chosen to y.
+
+In order to load SSDTs from an EFI variable the ``"efivar_ssdt=..."`` kernel
+command line parameter can be used (the name has a limitation of 16 characters).
+The argument for the option is the variable name to use. If there are multiple
+variables with the same name but with different vendor GUIDs, all of them will
+be loaded.
+
+In order to store the AML code in an EFI variable the efivarfs filesystem can be
+used. It is enabled and mounted by default in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars in all
+recent distribution.
+
+Creating a new file in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars will automatically create a new
+EFI variable. Updating a file in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars will update the EFI
+variable. Please note that the file name needs to be specially formatted as
+"Name-GUID" and that the first 4 bytes in the file (little-endian format)
+represent the attributes of the EFI variable (see EFI_VARIABLE_MASK in
+include/linux/efi.h). Writing to the file must also be done with one write
+operation.
+
+For example, you can use the following bash script to create/update an EFI
+variable with the content from a given file::
+
+ #!/bin/sh -e
+
+ while [ -n "$1" ]; do
+ case "$1" in
+ "-f") filename="$2"; shift;;
+ "-g") guid="$2"; shift;;
+ *) name="$1";;
+ esac
+ shift
+ done
+
+ usage()
+ {
+ echo "Syntax: ${0##*/} -f filename [ -g guid ] name"
+ exit 1
+ }
+
+ [ -n "$name" -a -f "$filename" ] || usage
+
+ EFIVARFS="/sys/firmware/efi/efivars"
+
+ [ -d "$EFIVARFS" ] || exit 2
+
+ if stat -tf $EFIVARFS | grep -q -v de5e81e4; then
+ mount -t efivarfs none $EFIVARFS
+ fi
+
+ # try to pick up an existing GUID
+ [ -n "$guid" ] || guid=$(find "$EFIVARFS" -name "$name-*" | head -n1 | cut -f2- -d-)
+
+ # use a randomly generated GUID
+ [ -n "$guid" ] || guid="$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid)"
+
+ # efivarfs expects all of the data in one write
+ tmp=$(mktemp)
+ /bin/echo -ne "\007\000\000\000" | cat - $filename > $tmp
+ dd if=$tmp of="$EFIVARFS/$name-$guid" bs=$(stat -c %s $tmp)
+ rm $tmp
+
+Loading ACPI SSDTs from configfs
+================================
+
+This option allows loading of user defined SSDTs from user space via the configfs
+interface. The CONFIG_ACPI_CONFIGFS option must be select and configfs must be
+mounted. In the following examples, we assume that configfs has been mounted in
+/sys/kernel/config.
+
+New tables can be loading by creating new directories in /sys/kernel/config/acpi/table
+and writing the SSDT AML code in the aml attribute::
+
+ cd /sys/kernel/config/acpi/table
+ mkdir my_ssdt
+ cat ~/ssdt.aml > my_ssdt/aml
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/aoe.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/aoe.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a05e751363a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/aoe.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+Introduction
+============
+
+ATA over Ethernet is a network protocol that provides simple access to
+block storage on the LAN.
+
+ http://support.coraid.com/documents/AoEr11.txt
+
+The EtherDrive (R) HOWTO for 2.6 and 3.x kernels is found at ...
+
+ http://support.coraid.com/support/linux/EtherDrive-2.6-HOWTO.html
+
+It has many tips and hints! Please see, especially, recommended
+tunings for virtual memory:
+
+ http://support.coraid.com/support/linux/EtherDrive-2.6-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.19
+
+The aoetools are userland programs that are designed to work with this
+driver. The aoetools are on sourceforge.
+
+ http://aoetools.sourceforge.net/
+
+The scripts in this Documentation/admin-guide/aoe directory are intended to
+document the use of the driver and are not necessary if you install
+the aoetools.
+
+
+Creating Device Nodes
+=====================
+
+ Users of udev should find the block device nodes created
+ automatically, but to create all the necessary device nodes, use the
+ udev configuration rules provided in udev.txt (in this directory).
+
+ There is a udev-install.sh script that shows how to install these
+ rules on your system.
+
+ There is also an autoload script that shows how to edit
+ /etc/modprobe.d/aoe.conf to ensure that the aoe module is loaded when
+ necessary. Preloading the aoe module is preferable to autoloading,
+ however, because AoE discovery takes a few seconds. It can be
+ confusing when an AoE device is not present the first time the a
+ command is run but appears a second later.
+
+Using Device Nodes
+==================
+
+ "cat /dev/etherd/err" blocks, waiting for error diagnostic output,
+ like any retransmitted packets.
+
+ "echo eth2 eth4 > /dev/etherd/interfaces" tells the aoe driver to
+ limit ATA over Ethernet traffic to eth2 and eth4. AoE traffic from
+ untrusted networks should be ignored as a matter of security. See
+ also the aoe_iflist driver option described below.
+
+ "echo > /dev/etherd/discover" tells the driver to find out what AoE
+ devices are available.
+
+ In the future these character devices may disappear and be replaced
+ by sysfs counterparts. Using the commands in aoetools insulates
+ users from these implementation details.
+
+ The block devices are named like this::
+
+ e{shelf}.{slot}
+ e{shelf}.{slot}p{part}
+
+ ... so that "e0.2" is the third blade from the left (slot 2) in the
+ first shelf (shelf address zero). That's the whole disk. The first
+ partition on that disk would be "e0.2p1".
+
+Using sysfs
+===========
+
+ Each aoe block device in /sys/block has the extra attributes of
+ state, mac, and netif. The state attribute is "up" when the device
+ is ready for I/O and "down" if detected but unusable. The
+ "down,closewait" state shows that the device is still open and
+ cannot come up again until it has been closed.
+
+ The mac attribute is the ethernet address of the remote AoE device.
+ The netif attribute is the network interface on the localhost
+ through which we are communicating with the remote AoE device.
+
+ There is a script in this directory that formats this information in
+ a convenient way. Users with aoetools should use the aoe-stat
+ command::
+
+ root@makki root# sh Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/status.sh
+ e10.0 eth3 up
+ e10.1 eth3 up
+ e10.2 eth3 up
+ e10.3 eth3 up
+ e10.4 eth3 up
+ e10.5 eth3 up
+ e10.6 eth3 up
+ e10.7 eth3 up
+ e10.8 eth3 up
+ e10.9 eth3 up
+ e4.0 eth1 up
+ e4.1 eth1 up
+ e4.2 eth1 up
+ e4.3 eth1 up
+ e4.4 eth1 up
+ e4.5 eth1 up
+ e4.6 eth1 up
+ e4.7 eth1 up
+ e4.8 eth1 up
+ e4.9 eth1 up
+
+ Use /sys/module/aoe/parameters/aoe_iflist (or better, the driver
+ option discussed below) instead of /dev/etherd/interfaces to limit
+ AoE traffic to the network interfaces in the given
+ whitespace-separated list. Unlike the old character device, the
+ sysfs entry can be read from as well as written to.
+
+ It's helpful to trigger discovery after setting the list of allowed
+ interfaces. The aoetools package provides an aoe-discover script
+ for this purpose. You can also directly use the
+ /dev/etherd/discover special file described above.
+
+Driver Options
+==============
+
+ There is a boot option for the built-in aoe driver and a
+ corresponding module parameter, aoe_iflist. Without this option,
+ all network interfaces may be used for ATA over Ethernet. Here is a
+ usage example for the module parameter::
+
+ modprobe aoe_iflist="eth1 eth3"
+
+ The aoe_deadsecs module parameter determines the maximum number of
+ seconds that the driver will wait for an AoE device to provide a
+ response to an AoE command. After aoe_deadsecs seconds have
+ elapsed, the AoE device will be marked as "down". A value of zero
+ is supported for testing purposes and makes the aoe driver keep
+ trying AoE commands forever.
+
+ The aoe_maxout module parameter has a default of 128. This is the
+ maximum number of unresponded packets that will be sent to an AoE
+ target at one time.
+
+ The aoe_dyndevs module parameter defaults to 1, meaning that the
+ driver will assign a block device minor number to a discovered AoE
+ target based on the order of its discovery. With dynamic minor
+ device numbers in use, a greater range of AoE shelf and slot
+ addresses can be supported. Users with udev will never have to
+ think about minor numbers. Using aoe_dyndevs=0 allows device nodes
+ to be pre-created using a static minor-number scheme with the
+ aoe-mkshelf script in the aoetools.
diff --git a/Documentation/aoe/autoload.sh b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/autoload.sh
index 78dad1334c6f..815dff4691c9 100644
--- a/Documentation/aoe/autoload.sh
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/autoload.sh
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
#!/bin/sh
# set aoe to autoload by installing the
-# aliases in /etc/modprobe.conf
+# aliases in /etc/modprobe.d/
-f=/etc/modprobe.conf
+f=/etc/modprobe.d/aoe.conf
if test ! -r $f || test ! -w $f; then
echo "cannot configure $f for module autoloading" 1>&2
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/examples.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/examples.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..91f3198e52c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/examples.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Example of udev rules
+---------------------
+
+ .. include:: udev.txt
+ :literal:
+
+Example of udev install rules script
+------------------------------------
+
+ .. literalinclude:: udev-install.sh
+ :language: shell
+
+Example script to get status
+----------------------------
+
+ .. literalinclude:: status.sh
+ :language: shell
+
+Example of AoE autoload script
+------------------------------
+
+ .. literalinclude:: autoload.sh
+ :language: shell
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d71c5df15922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+=======================
+ATA over Ethernet (AoE)
+=======================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ aoe
+ todo
+ examples
+
+.. only:: subproject and html
+
+ Indices
+ =======
+
+ * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/aoe/status.sh b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/status.sh
index 751f3be514b8..eeec7baae57a 100644
--- a/Documentation/aoe/status.sh
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/status.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
#! /bin/sh
# collate and present sysfs information about AoE storage
+#
+# A more complete version of this script is aoe-stat, in the
+# aoetools.
set -e
format="%8s\t%8s\t%8s\n"
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/todo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/todo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dea8db5a33e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/todo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+TODO
+====
+
+There is a potential for deadlock when allocating a struct sk_buff for
+data that needs to be written out to aoe storage. If the data is
+being written from a dirty page in order to free that page, and if
+there are no other pages available, then deadlock may occur when a
+free page is needed for the sk_buff allocation. This situation has
+not been observed, but it would be nice to eliminate any potential for
+deadlock under memory pressure.
+
+Because ATA over Ethernet is not fragmented by the kernel's IP code,
+the destructor member of the struct sk_buff is available to the aoe
+driver. By using a mempool for allocating all but the first few
+sk_buffs, and by registering a destructor, we should be able to
+efficiently allocate sk_buffs without introducing any potential for
+deadlock.
diff --git a/Documentation/aoe/udev-install.sh b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/udev-install.sh
index 15e86f58c036..15e86f58c036 100644
--- a/Documentation/aoe/udev-install.sh
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/udev-install.sh
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/udev.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/udev.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d55ecb411c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/udev.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# These rules tell udev what device nodes to create for aoe support.
+# They may be installed along the following lines. Check the section
+# 8 udev manpage to see whether your udev supports SUBSYSTEM, and
+# whether it uses one or two equal signs for SUBSYSTEM and KERNEL.
+#
+# ecashin@makki ~$ su
+# Password:
+# bash# find /etc -type f -name udev.conf
+# /etc/udev/udev.conf
+# bash# grep udev_rules= /etc/udev/udev.conf
+# udev_rules="/etc/udev/rules.d/"
+# bash# ls /etc/udev/rules.d/
+# 10-wacom.rules 50-udev.rules
+# bash# cp /path/to/linux/Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/udev.txt \
+# /etc/udev/rules.d/60-aoe.rules
+#
+
+# aoe char devices
+SUBSYSTEM=="aoe", KERNEL=="discover", NAME="etherd/%k", GROUP="disk", MODE="0220"
+SUBSYSTEM=="aoe", KERNEL=="err", NAME="etherd/%k", GROUP="disk", MODE="0440"
+SUBSYSTEM=="aoe", KERNEL=="interfaces", NAME="etherd/%k", GROUP="disk", MODE="0220"
+SUBSYSTEM=="aoe", KERNEL=="revalidate", NAME="etherd/%k", GROUP="disk", MODE="0220"
+SUBSYSTEM=="aoe", KERNEL=="flush", NAME="etherd/%k", GROUP="disk", MODE="0220"
+
+# aoe block devices
+KERNEL=="etherd*", GROUP="disk"
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/cfag12864b.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/cfag12864b.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..da385d851acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/cfag12864b.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+===================================
+cfag12864b LCD Driver Documentation
+===================================
+
+:License: GPLv2
+:Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
+:Date: 2006-10-27
+
+
+
+.. INDEX
+
+ 1. DRIVER INFORMATION
+ 2. DEVICE INFORMATION
+ 3. WIRING
+ 4. USERSPACE PROGRAMMING
+
+1. Driver Information
+---------------------
+
+This driver supports a cfag12864b LCD.
+
+
+2. Device Information
+---------------------
+
+:Manufacturer: Crystalfontz
+:Device Name: Crystalfontz 12864b LCD Series
+:Device Code: cfag12864b
+:Webpage: http://www.crystalfontz.com
+:Device Webpage: http://www.crystalfontz.com/products/12864b/
+:Type: LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
+:Width: 128
+:Height: 64
+:Colors: 2 (B/N)
+:Controller: ks0108
+:Controllers: 2
+:Pages: 8 each controller
+:Addresses: 64 each page
+:Data size: 1 byte each address
+:Memory size: 2 * 8 * 64 * 1 = 1024 bytes = 1 Kbyte
+
+
+3. Wiring
+---------
+
+The cfag12864b LCD Series don't have official wiring.
+
+The common wiring is done to the parallel port as shown::
+
+ Parallel Port cfag12864b
+
+ Name Pin# Pin# Name
+
+ Strobe ( 1)------------------------------(17) Enable
+ Data 0 ( 2)------------------------------( 4) Data 0
+ Data 1 ( 3)------------------------------( 5) Data 1
+ Data 2 ( 4)------------------------------( 6) Data 2
+ Data 3 ( 5)------------------------------( 7) Data 3
+ Data 4 ( 6)------------------------------( 8) Data 4
+ Data 5 ( 7)------------------------------( 9) Data 5
+ Data 6 ( 8)------------------------------(10) Data 6
+ Data 7 ( 9)------------------------------(11) Data 7
+ (10) [+5v]---( 1) Vdd
+ (11) [GND]---( 2) Ground
+ (12) [+5v]---(14) Reset
+ (13) [GND]---(15) Read / Write
+ Line (14)------------------------------(13) Controller Select 1
+ (15)
+ Init (16)------------------------------(12) Controller Select 2
+ Select (17)------------------------------(16) Data / Instruction
+ Ground (18)---[GND] [+5v]---(19) LED +
+ Ground (19)---[GND]
+ Ground (20)---[GND] E A Values:
+ Ground (21)---[GND] [GND]---[P1]---(18) Vee - R = Resistor = 22 ohm
+ Ground (22)---[GND] | - P1 = Preset = 10 Kohm
+ Ground (23)---[GND] ---- S ------( 3) V0 - P2 = Preset = 1 Kohm
+ Ground (24)---[GND] | |
+ Ground (25)---[GND] [GND]---[P2]---[R]---(20) LED -
+
+
+4. Userspace Programming
+------------------------
+
+The cfag12864bfb describes a framebuffer device (/dev/fbX).
+
+It has a size of 1024 bytes = 1 Kbyte.
+Each bit represents one pixel. If the bit is high, the pixel will
+turn on. If the pixel is low, the pixel will turn off.
+
+You can use the framebuffer as a file: fopen, fwrite, fclose...
+Although the LCD won't get updated until the next refresh time arrives.
+
+Also, you can mmap the framebuffer: open & mmap, munmap & close...
+which is the best option for most uses.
+
+Check samples/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c
+for a real working userspace complete program with usage examples.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e466f0595248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+=========================
+Auxiliary Display Support
+=========================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ ks0108.rst
+ cfag12864b.rst
+
+.. only:: subproject and html
+
+ Indices
+ =======
+
+ * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/ks0108.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/ks0108.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a7d3fe509373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/ks0108.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+==========================================
+ks0108 LCD Controller Driver Documentation
+==========================================
+
+:License: GPLv2
+:Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
+:Date: 2006-10-27
+
+
+
+.. INDEX
+
+ 1. DRIVER INFORMATION
+ 2. DEVICE INFORMATION
+ 3. WIRING
+
+
+1. Driver Information
+---------------------
+
+This driver supports the ks0108 LCD controller.
+
+
+2. Device Information
+---------------------
+
+:Manufacturer: Samsung
+:Device Name: KS0108 LCD Controller
+:Device Code: ks0108
+:Webpage: -
+:Device Webpage: -
+:Type: LCD Controller (Liquid Crystal Display Controller)
+:Width: 64
+:Height: 64
+:Colors: 2 (B/N)
+:Pages: 8
+:Addresses: 64 each page
+:Data size: 1 byte each address
+:Memory size: 8 * 64 * 1 = 512 bytes
+
+
+3. Wiring
+---------
+
+The driver supports data parallel port wiring.
+
+If you aren't building LCD related hardware, you should check
+your LCD specific wiring information in the same folder.
+
+For example, check Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/cfag12864b.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/bcache.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/bcache.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6fdb495ac466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/bcache.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,653 @@
+============================
+A block layer cache (bcache)
+============================
+
+Say you've got a big slow raid 6, and an ssd or three. Wouldn't it be
+nice if you could use them as cache... Hence bcache.
+
+The bcache wiki can be found at:
+ https://bcache.evilpiepirate.org
+
+This is the git repository of bcache-tools:
+ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/colyli/bcache-tools.git/
+
+The latest bcache kernel code can be found from mainline Linux kernel:
+ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/
+
+It's designed around the performance characteristics of SSDs - it only allocates
+in erase block sized buckets, and it uses a hybrid btree/log to track cached
+extents (which can be anywhere from a single sector to the bucket size). It's
+designed to avoid random writes at all costs; it fills up an erase block
+sequentially, then issues a discard before reusing it.
+
+Both writethrough and writeback caching are supported. Writeback defaults to
+off, but can be switched on and off arbitrarily at runtime. Bcache goes to
+great lengths to protect your data - it reliably handles unclean shutdown. (It
+doesn't even have a notion of a clean shutdown; bcache simply doesn't return
+writes as completed until they're on stable storage).
+
+Writeback caching can use most of the cache for buffering writes - writing
+dirty data to the backing device is always done sequentially, scanning from the
+start to the end of the index.
+
+Since random IO is what SSDs excel at, there generally won't be much benefit
+to caching large sequential IO. Bcache detects sequential IO and skips it;
+it also keeps a rolling average of the IO sizes per task, and as long as the
+average is above the cutoff it will skip all IO from that task - instead of
+caching the first 512k after every seek. Backups and large file copies should
+thus entirely bypass the cache.
+
+In the event of a data IO error on the flash it will try to recover by reading
+from disk or invalidating cache entries. For unrecoverable errors (meta data
+or dirty data), caching is automatically disabled; if dirty data was present
+in the cache it first disables writeback caching and waits for all dirty data
+to be flushed.
+
+Getting started:
+You'll need bcache util from the bcache-tools repository. Both the cache device
+and backing device must be formatted before use::
+
+ bcache make -B /dev/sdb
+ bcache make -C /dev/sdc
+
+`bcache make` has the ability to format multiple devices at the same time - if
+you format your backing devices and cache device at the same time, you won't
+have to manually attach::
+
+ bcache make -B /dev/sda /dev/sdb -C /dev/sdc
+
+If your bcache-tools is not updated to latest version and does not have the
+unified `bcache` utility, you may use the legacy `make-bcache` utility to format
+bcache device with same -B and -C parameters.
+
+bcache-tools now ships udev rules, and bcache devices are known to the kernel
+immediately. Without udev, you can manually register devices like this::
+
+ echo /dev/sdb > /sys/fs/bcache/register
+ echo /dev/sdc > /sys/fs/bcache/register
+
+Registering the backing device makes the bcache device show up in /dev; you can
+now format it and use it as normal. But the first time using a new bcache
+device, it'll be running in passthrough mode until you attach it to a cache.
+If you are thinking about using bcache later, it is recommended to setup all your
+slow devices as bcache backing devices without a cache, and you can choose to add
+a caching device later.
+See 'ATTACHING' section below.
+
+The devices show up as::
+
+ /dev/bcache<N>
+
+As well as (with udev)::
+
+ /dev/bcache/by-uuid/<uuid>
+ /dev/bcache/by-label/<label>
+
+To get started::
+
+ mkfs.ext4 /dev/bcache0
+ mount /dev/bcache0 /mnt
+
+You can control bcache devices through sysfs at /sys/block/bcache<N>/bcache .
+You can also control them through /sys/fs//bcache/<cset-uuid>/ .
+
+Cache devices are managed as sets; multiple caches per set isn't supported yet
+but will allow for mirroring of metadata and dirty data in the future. Your new
+cache set shows up as /sys/fs/bcache/<UUID>
+
+Attaching
+---------
+
+After your cache device and backing device are registered, the backing device
+must be attached to your cache set to enable caching. Attaching a backing
+device to a cache set is done thusly, with the UUID of the cache set in
+/sys/fs/bcache::
+
+ echo <CSET-UUID> > /sys/block/bcache0/bcache/attach
+
+This only has to be done once. The next time you reboot, just reregister all
+your bcache devices. If a backing device has data in a cache somewhere, the
+/dev/bcache<N> device won't be created until the cache shows up - particularly
+important if you have writeback caching turned on.
+
+If you're booting up and your cache device is gone and never coming back, you
+can force run the backing device::
+
+ echo 1 > /sys/block/sdb/bcache/running
+
+(You need to use /sys/block/sdb (or whatever your backing device is called), not
+/sys/block/bcache0, because bcache0 doesn't exist yet. If you're using a
+partition, the bcache directory would be at /sys/block/sdb/sdb2/bcache)
+
+The backing device will still use that cache set if it shows up in the future,
+but all the cached data will be invalidated. If there was dirty data in the
+cache, don't expect the filesystem to be recoverable - you will have massive
+filesystem corruption, though ext4's fsck does work miracles.
+
+Error Handling
+--------------
+
+Bcache tries to transparently handle IO errors to/from the cache device without
+affecting normal operation; if it sees too many errors (the threshold is
+configurable, and defaults to 0) it shuts down the cache device and switches all
+the backing devices to passthrough mode.
+
+ - For reads from the cache, if they error we just retry the read from the
+ backing device.
+
+ - For writethrough writes, if the write to the cache errors we just switch to
+ invalidating the data at that lba in the cache (i.e. the same thing we do for
+ a write that bypasses the cache)
+
+ - For writeback writes, we currently pass that error back up to the
+ filesystem/userspace. This could be improved - we could retry it as a write
+ that skips the cache so we don't have to error the write.
+
+ - When we detach, we first try to flush any dirty data (if we were running in
+ writeback mode). It currently doesn't do anything intelligent if it fails to
+ read some of the dirty data, though.
+
+
+Howto/cookbook
+--------------
+
+A) Starting a bcache with a missing caching device
+
+If registering the backing device doesn't help, it's already there, you just need
+to force it to run without the cache::
+
+ host:~# echo /dev/sdb1 > /sys/fs/bcache/register
+ [ 119.844831] bcache: register_bcache() error opening /dev/sdb1: device already registered
+
+Next, you try to register your caching device if it's present. However
+if it's absent, or registration fails for some reason, you can still
+start your bcache without its cache, like so::
+
+ host:/sys/block/sdb/sdb1/bcache# echo 1 > running
+
+Note that this may cause data loss if you were running in writeback mode.
+
+
+B) Bcache does not find its cache::
+
+ host:/sys/block/md5/bcache# echo 0226553a-37cf-41d5-b3ce-8b1e944543a8 > attach
+ [ 1933.455082] bcache: bch_cached_dev_attach() Couldn't find uuid for md5 in set
+ [ 1933.478179] bcache: __cached_dev_store() Can't attach 0226553a-37cf-41d5-b3ce-8b1e944543a8
+ [ 1933.478179] : cache set not found
+
+In this case, the caching device was simply not registered at boot
+or disappeared and came back, and needs to be (re-)registered::
+
+ host:/sys/block/md5/bcache# echo /dev/sdh2 > /sys/fs/bcache/register
+
+
+C) Corrupt bcache crashes the kernel at device registration time:
+
+This should never happen. If it does happen, then you have found a bug!
+Please report it to the bcache development list: linux-bcache@vger.kernel.org
+
+Be sure to provide as much information that you can including kernel dmesg
+output if available so that we may assist.
+
+
+D) Recovering data without bcache:
+
+If bcache is not available in the kernel, a filesystem on the backing
+device is still available at an 8KiB offset. So either via a loopdev
+of the backing device created with --offset 8K, or any value defined by
+--data-offset when you originally formatted bcache with `bcache make`.
+
+For example::
+
+ losetup -o 8192 /dev/loop0 /dev/your_bcache_backing_dev
+
+This should present your unmodified backing device data in /dev/loop0
+
+If your cache is in writethrough mode, then you can safely discard the
+cache device without losing data.
+
+
+E) Wiping a cache device
+
+::
+
+ host:~# wipefs -a /dev/sdh2
+ 16 bytes were erased at offset 0x1018 (bcache)
+ they were: c6 85 73 f6 4e 1a 45 ca 82 65 f5 7f 48 ba 6d 81
+
+After you boot back with bcache enabled, you recreate the cache and attach it::
+
+ host:~# bcache make -C /dev/sdh2
+ UUID: 7be7e175-8f4c-4f99-94b2-9c904d227045
+ Set UUID: 5bc072a8-ab17-446d-9744-e247949913c1
+ version: 0
+ nbuckets: 106874
+ block_size: 1
+ bucket_size: 1024
+ nr_in_set: 1
+ nr_this_dev: 0
+ first_bucket: 1
+ [ 650.511912] bcache: run_cache_set() invalidating existing data
+ [ 650.549228] bcache: register_cache() registered cache device sdh2
+
+start backing device with missing cache::
+
+ host:/sys/block/md5/bcache# echo 1 > running
+
+attach new cache::
+
+ host:/sys/block/md5/bcache# echo 5bc072a8-ab17-446d-9744-e247949913c1 > attach
+ [ 865.276616] bcache: bch_cached_dev_attach() Caching md5 as bcache0 on set 5bc072a8-ab17-446d-9744-e247949913c1
+
+
+F) Remove or replace a caching device::
+
+ host:/sys/block/sda/sda7/bcache# echo 1 > detach
+ [ 695.872542] bcache: cached_dev_detach_finish() Caching disabled for sda7
+
+ host:~# wipefs -a /dev/nvme0n1p4
+ wipefs: error: /dev/nvme0n1p4: probing initialization failed: Device or resource busy
+ Ooops, it's disabled, but not unregistered, so it's still protected
+
+We need to go and unregister it::
+
+ host:/sys/fs/bcache/b7ba27a1-2398-4649-8ae3-0959f57ba128# ls -l cache0
+ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb 25 18:33 cache0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/0000:70:00.0/nvme/nvme0/nvme0n1/nvme0n1p4/bcache/
+ host:/sys/fs/bcache/b7ba27a1-2398-4649-8ae3-0959f57ba128# echo 1 > stop
+ kernel: [ 917.041908] bcache: cache_set_free() Cache set b7ba27a1-2398-4649-8ae3-0959f57ba128 unregistered
+
+Now we can wipe it::
+
+ host:~# wipefs -a /dev/nvme0n1p4
+ /dev/nvme0n1p4: 16 bytes were erased at offset 0x00001018 (bcache): c6 85 73 f6 4e 1a 45 ca 82 65 f5 7f 48 ba 6d 81
+
+
+G) dm-crypt and bcache
+
+First setup bcache unencrypted and then install dmcrypt on top of
+/dev/bcache<N> This will work faster than if you dmcrypt both the backing
+and caching devices and then install bcache on top. [benchmarks?]
+
+
+H) Stop/free a registered bcache to wipe and/or recreate it
+
+Suppose that you need to free up all bcache references so that you can
+fdisk run and re-register a changed partition table, which won't work
+if there are any active backing or caching devices left on it:
+
+1) Is it present in /dev/bcache* ? (there are times where it won't be)
+
+ If so, it's easy::
+
+ host:/sys/block/bcache0/bcache# echo 1 > stop
+
+2) But if your backing device is gone, this won't work::
+
+ host:/sys/block/bcache0# cd bcache
+ bash: cd: bcache: No such file or directory
+
+ In this case, you may have to unregister the dmcrypt block device that
+ references this bcache to free it up::
+
+ host:~# dmsetup remove oldds1
+ bcache: bcache_device_free() bcache0 stopped
+ bcache: cache_set_free() Cache set 5bc072a8-ab17-446d-9744-e247949913c1 unregistered
+
+ This causes the backing bcache to be removed from /sys/fs/bcache and
+ then it can be reused. This would be true of any block device stacking
+ where bcache is a lower device.
+
+3) In other cases, you can also look in /sys/fs/bcache/::
+
+ host:/sys/fs/bcache# ls -l */{cache?,bdev?}
+ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar 5 09:39 0226553a-37cf-41d5-b3ce-8b1e944543a8/bdev1 -> ../../../devices/virtual/block/dm-1/bcache/
+ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar 5 09:39 0226553a-37cf-41d5-b3ce-8b1e944543a8/cache0 -> ../../../devices/virtual/block/dm-4/bcache/
+ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar 5 09:39 5bc072a8-ab17-446d-9744-e247949913c1/cache0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/ata10/host9/target9:0:0/9:0:0:0/block/sdl/sdl2/bcache/
+
+ The device names will show which UUID is relevant, cd in that directory
+ and stop the cache::
+
+ host:/sys/fs/bcache/5bc072a8-ab17-446d-9744-e247949913c1# echo 1 > stop
+
+ This will free up bcache references and let you reuse the partition for
+ other purposes.
+
+
+
+Troubleshooting performance
+---------------------------
+
+Bcache has a bunch of config options and tunables. The defaults are intended to
+be reasonable for typical desktop and server workloads, but they're not what you
+want for getting the best possible numbers when benchmarking.
+
+ - Backing device alignment
+
+ The default metadata size in bcache is 8k. If your backing device is
+ RAID based, then be sure to align this by a multiple of your stride
+ width using `bcache make --data-offset`. If you intend to expand your
+ disk array in the future, then multiply a series of primes by your
+ raid stripe size to get the disk multiples that you would like.
+
+ For example: If you have a 64k stripe size, then the following offset
+ would provide alignment for many common RAID5 data spindle counts::
+
+ 64k * 2*2*2*3*3*5*7 bytes = 161280k
+
+ That space is wasted, but for only 157.5MB you can grow your RAID 5
+ volume to the following data-spindle counts without re-aligning::
+
+ 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,14,15,18,20,21 ...
+
+ - Bad write performance
+
+ If write performance is not what you expected, you probably wanted to be
+ running in writeback mode, which isn't the default (not due to a lack of
+ maturity, but simply because in writeback mode you'll lose data if something
+ happens to your SSD)::
+
+ # echo writeback > /sys/block/bcache0/bcache/cache_mode
+
+ - Bad performance, or traffic not going to the SSD that you'd expect
+
+ By default, bcache doesn't cache everything. It tries to skip sequential IO -
+ because you really want to be caching the random IO, and if you copy a 10
+ gigabyte file you probably don't want that pushing 10 gigabytes of randomly
+ accessed data out of your cache.
+
+ But if you want to benchmark reads from cache, and you start out with fio
+ writing an 8 gigabyte test file - so you want to disable that::
+
+ # echo 0 > /sys/block/bcache0/bcache/sequential_cutoff
+
+ To set it back to the default (4 mb), do::
+
+ # echo 4M > /sys/block/bcache0/bcache/sequential_cutoff
+
+ - Traffic's still going to the spindle/still getting cache misses
+
+ In the real world, SSDs don't always keep up with disks - particularly with
+ slower SSDs, many disks being cached by one SSD, or mostly sequential IO. So
+ you want to avoid being bottlenecked by the SSD and having it slow everything
+ down.
+
+ To avoid that bcache tracks latency to the cache device, and gradually
+ throttles traffic if the latency exceeds a threshold (it does this by
+ cranking down the sequential bypass).
+
+ You can disable this if you need to by setting the thresholds to 0::
+
+ # echo 0 > /sys/fs/bcache/<cache set>/congested_read_threshold_us
+ # echo 0 > /sys/fs/bcache/<cache set>/congested_write_threshold_us
+
+ The default is 2000 us (2 milliseconds) for reads, and 20000 for writes.
+
+ - Still getting cache misses, of the same data
+
+ One last issue that sometimes trips people up is actually an old bug, due to
+ the way cache coherency is handled for cache misses. If a btree node is full,
+ a cache miss won't be able to insert a key for the new data and the data
+ won't be written to the cache.
+
+ In practice this isn't an issue because as soon as a write comes along it'll
+ cause the btree node to be split, and you need almost no write traffic for
+ this to not show up enough to be noticeable (especially since bcache's btree
+ nodes are huge and index large regions of the device). But when you're
+ benchmarking, if you're trying to warm the cache by reading a bunch of data
+ and there's no other traffic - that can be a problem.
+
+ Solution: warm the cache by doing writes, or use the testing branch (there's
+ a fix for the issue there).
+
+
+Sysfs - backing device
+----------------------
+
+Available at /sys/block/<bdev>/bcache, /sys/block/bcache*/bcache and
+(if attached) /sys/fs/bcache/<cset-uuid>/bdev*
+
+attach
+ Echo the UUID of a cache set to this file to enable caching.
+
+cache_mode
+ Can be one of either writethrough, writeback, writearound or none.
+
+clear_stats
+ Writing to this file resets the running total stats (not the day/hour/5 minute
+ decaying versions).
+
+detach
+ Write to this file to detach from a cache set. If there is dirty data in the
+ cache, it will be flushed first.
+
+dirty_data
+ Amount of dirty data for this backing device in the cache. Continuously
+ updated unlike the cache set's version, but may be slightly off.
+
+label
+ Name of underlying device.
+
+readahead
+ Size of readahead that should be performed. Defaults to 0. If set to e.g.
+ 1M, it will round cache miss reads up to that size, but without overlapping
+ existing cache entries.
+
+running
+ 1 if bcache is running (i.e. whether the /dev/bcache device exists, whether
+ it's in passthrough mode or caching).
+
+sequential_cutoff
+ A sequential IO will bypass the cache once it passes this threshold; the
+ most recent 128 IOs are tracked so sequential IO can be detected even when
+ it isn't all done at once.
+
+sequential_merge
+ If non zero, bcache keeps a list of the last 128 requests submitted to compare
+ against all new requests to determine which new requests are sequential
+ continuations of previous requests for the purpose of determining sequential
+ cutoff. This is necessary if the sequential cutoff value is greater than the
+ maximum acceptable sequential size for any single request.
+
+state
+ The backing device can be in one of four different states:
+
+ no cache: Has never been attached to a cache set.
+
+ clean: Part of a cache set, and there is no cached dirty data.
+
+ dirty: Part of a cache set, and there is cached dirty data.
+
+ inconsistent: The backing device was forcibly run by the user when there was
+ dirty data cached but the cache set was unavailable; whatever data was on the
+ backing device has likely been corrupted.
+
+stop
+ Write to this file to shut down the bcache device and close the backing
+ device.
+
+writeback_delay
+ When dirty data is written to the cache and it previously did not contain
+ any, waits some number of seconds before initiating writeback. Defaults to
+ 30.
+
+writeback_percent
+ If nonzero, bcache tries to keep around this percentage of the cache dirty by
+ throttling background writeback and using a PD controller to smoothly adjust
+ the rate.
+
+writeback_rate
+ Rate in sectors per second - if writeback_percent is nonzero, background
+ writeback is throttled to this rate. Continuously adjusted by bcache but may
+ also be set by the user.
+
+writeback_running
+ If off, writeback of dirty data will not take place at all. Dirty data will
+ still be added to the cache until it is mostly full; only meant for
+ benchmarking. Defaults to on.
+
+Sysfs - backing device stats
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+There are directories with these numbers for a running total, as well as
+versions that decay over the past day, hour and 5 minutes; they're also
+aggregated in the cache set directory as well.
+
+bypassed
+ Amount of IO (both reads and writes) that has bypassed the cache
+
+cache_hits, cache_misses, cache_hit_ratio
+ Hits and misses are counted per individual IO as bcache sees them; a
+ partial hit is counted as a miss.
+
+cache_bypass_hits, cache_bypass_misses
+ Hits and misses for IO that is intended to skip the cache are still counted,
+ but broken out here.
+
+cache_miss_collisions
+ Counts instances where data was going to be inserted into the cache from a
+ cache miss, but raced with a write and data was already present (usually 0
+ since the synchronization for cache misses was rewritten)
+
+Sysfs - cache set
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Available at /sys/fs/bcache/<cset-uuid>
+
+average_key_size
+ Average data per key in the btree.
+
+bdev<0..n>
+ Symlink to each of the attached backing devices.
+
+block_size
+ Block size of the cache devices.
+
+btree_cache_size
+ Amount of memory currently used by the btree cache
+
+bucket_size
+ Size of buckets
+
+cache<0..n>
+ Symlink to each of the cache devices comprising this cache set.
+
+cache_available_percent
+ Percentage of cache device which doesn't contain dirty data, and could
+ potentially be used for writeback. This doesn't mean this space isn't used
+ for clean cached data; the unused statistic (in priority_stats) is typically
+ much lower.
+
+clear_stats
+ Clears the statistics associated with this cache
+
+dirty_data
+ Amount of dirty data is in the cache (updated when garbage collection runs).
+
+flash_vol_create
+ Echoing a size to this file (in human readable units, k/M/G) creates a thinly
+ provisioned volume backed by the cache set.
+
+io_error_halflife, io_error_limit
+ These determines how many errors we accept before disabling the cache.
+ Each error is decayed by the half life (in # ios). If the decaying count
+ reaches io_error_limit dirty data is written out and the cache is disabled.
+
+journal_delay_ms
+ Journal writes will delay for up to this many milliseconds, unless a cache
+ flush happens sooner. Defaults to 100.
+
+root_usage_percent
+ Percentage of the root btree node in use. If this gets too high the node
+ will split, increasing the tree depth.
+
+stop
+ Write to this file to shut down the cache set - waits until all attached
+ backing devices have been shut down.
+
+tree_depth
+ Depth of the btree (A single node btree has depth 0).
+
+unregister
+ Detaches all backing devices and closes the cache devices; if dirty data is
+ present it will disable writeback caching and wait for it to be flushed.
+
+Sysfs - cache set internal
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This directory also exposes timings for a number of internal operations, with
+separate files for average duration, average frequency, last occurrence and max
+duration: garbage collection, btree read, btree node sorts and btree splits.
+
+active_journal_entries
+ Number of journal entries that are newer than the index.
+
+btree_nodes
+ Total nodes in the btree.
+
+btree_used_percent
+ Average fraction of btree in use.
+
+bset_tree_stats
+ Statistics about the auxiliary search trees
+
+btree_cache_max_chain
+ Longest chain in the btree node cache's hash table
+
+cache_read_races
+ Counts instances where while data was being read from the cache, the bucket
+ was reused and invalidated - i.e. where the pointer was stale after the read
+ completed. When this occurs the data is reread from the backing device.
+
+trigger_gc
+ Writing to this file forces garbage collection to run.
+
+Sysfs - Cache device
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Available at /sys/block/<cdev>/bcache
+
+block_size
+ Minimum granularity of writes - should match hardware sector size.
+
+btree_written
+ Sum of all btree writes, in (kilo/mega/giga) bytes
+
+bucket_size
+ Size of buckets
+
+cache_replacement_policy
+ One of either lru, fifo or random.
+
+discard
+ Boolean; if on a discard/TRIM will be issued to each bucket before it is
+ reused. Defaults to off, since SATA TRIM is an unqueued command (and thus
+ slow).
+
+freelist_percent
+ Size of the freelist as a percentage of nbuckets. Can be written to to
+ increase the number of buckets kept on the freelist, which lets you
+ artificially reduce the size of the cache at runtime. Mostly for testing
+ purposes (i.e. testing how different size caches affect your hit rate), but
+ since buckets are discarded when they move on to the freelist will also make
+ the SSD's garbage collection easier by effectively giving it more reserved
+ space.
+
+io_errors
+ Number of errors that have occurred, decayed by io_error_halflife.
+
+metadata_written
+ Sum of all non data writes (btree writes and all other metadata).
+
+nbuckets
+ Total buckets in this cache
+
+priority_stats
+ Statistics about how recently data in the cache has been accessed.
+ This can reveal your working set size. Unused is the percentage of
+ the cache that doesn't contain any data. Metadata is bcache's
+ metadata overhead. Average is the average priority of cache buckets.
+ Next is a list of quantiles with the priority threshold of each.
+
+written
+ Sum of all data that has been written to the cache; comparison with
+ btree_written gives the amount of write inflation in bcache.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/binderfs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/binderfs.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..41a4db00df8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/binderfs.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+The Android binderfs Filesystem
+===============================
+
+Android binderfs is a filesystem for the Android binder IPC mechanism. It
+allows to dynamically add and remove binder devices at runtime. Binder devices
+located in a new binderfs instance are independent of binder devices located in
+other binderfs instances. Mounting a new binderfs instance makes it possible
+to get a set of private binder devices.
+
+Mounting binderfs
+-----------------
+
+Android binderfs can be mounted with::
+
+ mkdir /dev/binderfs
+ mount -t binder binder /dev/binderfs
+
+at which point a new instance of binderfs will show up at ``/dev/binderfs``.
+In a fresh instance of binderfs no binder devices will be present. There will
+only be a ``binder-control`` device which serves as the request handler for
+binderfs. Mounting another binderfs instance at a different location will
+create a new and separate instance from all other binderfs mounts. This is
+identical to the behavior of e.g. ``devpts`` and ``tmpfs``. The Android
+binderfs filesystem can be mounted in user namespaces.
+
+Options
+-------
+max
+ binderfs instances can be mounted with a limit on the number of binder
+ devices that can be allocated. The ``max=<count>`` mount option serves as
+ a per-instance limit. If ``max=<count>`` is set then only ``<count>`` number
+ of binder devices can be allocated in this binderfs instance.
+
+stats
+ Using ``stats=global`` enables global binder statistics.
+ ``stats=global`` is only available for a binderfs instance mounted in the
+ initial user namespace. An attempt to use the option to mount a binderfs
+ instance in another user namespace will return a permission error.
+
+Allocating binder Devices
+-------------------------
+
+.. _ioctl: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/ioctl.2.html
+
+To allocate a new binder device in a binderfs instance a request needs to be
+sent through the ``binder-control`` device node. A request is sent in the form
+of an `ioctl() <ioctl_>`_.
+
+What a program needs to do is to open the ``binder-control`` device node and
+send a ``BINDER_CTL_ADD`` request to the kernel. Users of binderfs need to
+tell the kernel which name the new binder device should get. By default a name
+can only contain up to ``BINDERFS_MAX_NAME`` chars including the terminating
+zero byte.
+
+Once the request is made via an `ioctl() <ioctl_>`_ passing a ``struct
+binder_device`` with the name to the kernel it will allocate a new binder
+device and return the major and minor number of the new device in the struct
+(This is necessary because binderfs allocates a major device number
+dynamically.). After the `ioctl() <ioctl_>`_ returns there will be a new
+binder device located under /dev/binderfs with the chosen name.
+
+Deleting binder Devices
+-----------------------
+
+.. _unlink: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/unlink.2.html
+.. _rm: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/rm.1.html
+
+Binderfs binder devices can be deleted via `unlink() <unlink_>`_. This means
+that the `rm() <rm_>`_ tool can be used to delete them. Note that the
+``binder-control`` device cannot be deleted since this would make the binderfs
+instance unusable. The ``binder-control`` device will be deleted when the
+binderfs instance is unmounted and all references to it have been dropped.
+
+Binder features
+---------------
+
+Assuming an instance of binderfs has been mounted at ``/dev/binderfs``, the
+features supported by the binder driver can be located under
+``/dev/binderfs/features/``. The presence of individual files can be tested
+to determine whether a particular feature is supported by the driver.
+
+Example::
+
+ cat /dev/binderfs/features/oneway_spam_detection
+ 1
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..59cd902e3549
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+Kernel Support for miscellaneous Binary Formats (binfmt_misc)
+=============================================================
+
+This Kernel feature allows you to invoke almost (for restrictions see below)
+every program by simply typing its name in the shell.
+This includes for example compiled Java(TM), Python or Emacs programs.
+
+To achieve this you must tell binfmt_misc which interpreter has to be invoked
+with which binary. Binfmt_misc recognises the binary-type by matching some bytes
+at the beginning of the file with a magic byte sequence (masking out specified
+bits) you have supplied. Binfmt_misc can also recognise a filename extension
+aka ``.com`` or ``.exe``.
+
+First you must mount binfmt_misc::
+
+ mount binfmt_misc -t binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
+
+To actually register a new binary type, you have to set up a string looking like
+``:name:type:offset:magic:mask:interpreter:flags`` (where you can choose the
+``:`` upon your needs) and echo it to ``/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register``.
+
+Here is what the fields mean:
+
+- ``name``
+ is an identifier string. A new /proc file will be created with this
+ name below ``/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc``; cannot contain slashes ``/`` for
+ obvious reasons.
+- ``type``
+ is the type of recognition. Give ``M`` for magic and ``E`` for extension.
+- ``offset``
+ is the offset of the magic/mask in the file, counted in bytes. This
+ defaults to 0 if you omit it (i.e. you write ``:name:type::magic...``).
+ Ignored when using filename extension matching.
+- ``magic``
+ is the byte sequence binfmt_misc is matching for. The magic string
+ may contain hex-encoded characters like ``\x0a`` or ``\xA4``. Note that you
+ must escape any NUL bytes; parsing halts at the first one. In a shell
+ environment you might have to write ``\\x0a`` to prevent the shell from
+ eating your ``\``.
+ If you chose filename extension matching, this is the extension to be
+ recognised (without the ``.``, the ``\x0a`` specials are not allowed).
+ Extension matching is case sensitive, and slashes ``/`` are not allowed!
+- ``mask``
+ is an (optional, defaults to all 0xff) mask. You can mask out some
+ bits from matching by supplying a string like magic and as long as magic.
+ The mask is anded with the byte sequence of the file. Note that you must
+ escape any NUL bytes; parsing halts at the first one. Ignored when using
+ filename extension matching.
+- ``interpreter``
+ is the program that should be invoked with the binary as first
+ argument (specify the full path)
+- ``flags``
+ is an optional field that controls several aspects of the invocation
+ of the interpreter. It is a string of capital letters, each controls a
+ certain aspect. The following flags are supported:
+
+ ``P`` - preserve-argv[0]
+ Legacy behavior of binfmt_misc is to overwrite
+ the original argv[0] with the full path to the binary. When this
+ flag is included, binfmt_misc will add an argument to the argument
+ vector for this purpose, thus preserving the original ``argv[0]``.
+ e.g. If your interp is set to ``/bin/foo`` and you run ``blah``
+ (which is in ``/usr/local/bin``), then the kernel will execute
+ ``/bin/foo`` with ``argv[]`` set to ``["/bin/foo", "/usr/local/bin/blah", "blah"]``. The interp has to be aware of this so it can
+ execute ``/usr/local/bin/blah``
+ with ``argv[]`` set to ``["blah"]``.
+ ``O`` - open-binary
+ Legacy behavior of binfmt_misc is to pass the full path
+ of the binary to the interpreter as an argument. When this flag is
+ included, binfmt_misc will open the file for reading and pass its
+ descriptor as an argument, instead of the full path, thus allowing
+ the interpreter to execute non-readable binaries. This feature
+ should be used with care - the interpreter has to be trusted not to
+ emit the contents of the non-readable binary.
+ ``C`` - credentials
+ Currently, the behavior of binfmt_misc is to calculate
+ the credentials and security token of the new process according to
+ the interpreter. When this flag is included, these attributes are
+ calculated according to the binary. It also implies the ``O`` flag.
+ This feature should be used with care as the interpreter
+ will run with root permissions when a setuid binary owned by root
+ is run with binfmt_misc.
+ ``F`` - fix binary
+ The usual behaviour of binfmt_misc is to spawn the
+ binary lazily when the misc format file is invoked. However,
+ this doesn't work very well in the face of mount namespaces and
+ changeroots, so the ``F`` mode opens the binary as soon as the
+ emulation is installed and uses the opened image to spawn the
+ emulator, meaning it is always available once installed,
+ regardless of how the environment changes.
+
+
+There are some restrictions:
+
+ - the whole register string may not exceed 1920 characters
+ - the magic must reside in the first 128 bytes of the file, i.e.
+ offset+size(magic) has to be less than 128
+ - the interpreter string may not exceed 127 characters
+
+To use binfmt_misc you have to mount it first. You can mount it with
+``mount -t binfmt_misc none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc`` command, or you can add
+a line ``none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc defaults 0 0`` to your
+``/etc/fstab`` so it auto mounts on boot.
+
+You may want to add the binary formats in one of your ``/etc/rc`` scripts during
+boot-up. Read the manual of your init program to figure out how to do this
+right.
+
+Think about the order of adding entries! Later added entries are matched first!
+
+
+A few examples (assumed you are in ``/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc``):
+
+- enable support for em86 (like binfmt_em86, for Alpha AXP only)::
+
+ echo ':i386:M::\x7fELF\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x03:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfb\xff\xff:/bin/em86:' > register
+ echo ':i486:M::\x7fELF\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x06:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfb\xff\xff:/bin/em86:' > register
+
+- enable support for packed DOS applications (pre-configured dosemu hdimages)::
+
+ echo ':DEXE:M::\x0eDEX::/usr/bin/dosexec:' > register
+
+- enable support for Windows executables using wine::
+
+ echo ':DOSWin:M::MZ::/usr/local/bin/wine:' > register
+
+For java support see Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst
+
+
+You can enable/disable binfmt_misc or one binary type by echoing 0 (to disable)
+or 1 (to enable) to ``/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status`` or
+``/proc/.../the_name``.
+Catting the file tells you the current status of ``binfmt_misc/the_entry``.
+
+You can remove one entry or all entries by echoing -1 to ``/proc/.../the_name``
+or ``/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status``.
+
+
+Hints
+-----
+
+If you want to pass special arguments to your interpreter, you can
+write a wrapper script for it.
+See :doc:`Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst <./java>` for an example.
+
+Your interpreter should NOT look in the PATH for the filename; the kernel
+passes it the full filename (or the file descriptor) to use. Using ``$PATH`` can
+cause unexpected behaviour and can be a security hazard.
+
+
+Richard Günther <rguenth@tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de>
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/DRBD-8.3-data-packets.svg b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/DRBD-8.3-data-packets.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f87cfa0dc2fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/DRBD-8.3-data-packets.svg
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+ height="297mm"
+ viewBox="0 0 21000 29700"
+ id="svg2"
+ style="fill-rule:evenodd">
+ <defs
+ id="defs4" />
+ <g
+ id="Default"
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+ id="desc180">Master slide</desc>
+ </g>
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+ d="M 11999,8601 L 11899,8301 L 12099,8301 L 11999,8601 z"
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+ <tspan
+ x="16127 16233 16394 16572 16749 16927 17105 17177 17355 17532 17604 17782 17888"
+ y="23302"
+ id="tspan1247">rs_begin_io()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text1261"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="16115 16221 16382 16560 16720 16898 17161 17338 17410 17588 17677 17855 18033 18105 18282 18388"
+ y="9302"
+ id="tspan1263">rs_complete_io()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text1277"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="16115 16221 16382 16560 16720 16898 17161 17338 17410 17588 17677 17855 18033 18105 18282 18388"
+ y="18331"
+ id="tspan1279">rs_complete_io()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text1293"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="16126 16232 16393 16571 16731 16909 17172 17349 17421 17599 17688 17866 18044 18116 18293 18399"
+ y="25302"
+ id="tspan1295">rs_complete_io()</tspan>
+ </text>
+</svg>
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/DRBD-data-packets.svg b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/DRBD-data-packets.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..48a1e2165fec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/DRBD-data-packets.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
+<svg
+ xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ version="1.0"
+ width="210mm"
+ height="297mm"
+ viewBox="0 0 21000 29700"
+ id="svg2"
+ style="fill-rule:evenodd">
+ <defs
+ id="defs4" />
+ <g
+ id="Default"
+ style="visibility:visible">
+ <desc
+ id="desc176">Master slide</desc>
+ </g>
+ <path
+ d="M 11999,19601 L 11899,19301 L 12099,19301 L 11999,19601 z"
+ id="path189"
+ style="fill:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 11999,18801 L 11999,19361"
+ id="path193"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 7999,21401 L 7899,21101 L 8099,21101 L 7999,21401 z"
+ id="path205"
+ style="fill:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 7999,20601 L 7999,21161"
+ id="path209"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 11999,18801 L 11685,18840 L 11724,18644 L 11999,18801 z"
+ id="path221"
+ style="fill:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 7999,18001 L 11764,18754"
+ id="path225"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <text
+ x="-3023.845"
+ y="1106.8124"
+ transform="matrix(0.9895258,-0.1443562,0.1443562,0.9895258,0,0)"
+ id="text243"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
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+ x="6115.1553 6344.1553 6555.1553 6784.1553 6962.1553 7051.1553 7228.1553 7457.1553 7635.1553 7813.1553 7885.1553"
+ y="21390.812"
+ id="tspan245">RSDataReply</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <path
+ d="M 7999,20601 L 8281,20458 L 8311,20655 L 7999,20601 z"
+ id="path255"
+ style="fill:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 11999,20001 L 8236,20565"
+ id="path259"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <text
+ x="3502.5356"
+ y="-2184.6621"
+ transform="matrix(0.9788674,0.2044961,-0.2044961,0.9788674,0,0)"
+ id="text277"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12321.536 12550.536 12761.536 12990.536 13168.536 13257.536 13434.536 13663.536 13841.536 14019.536 14196.536 14374.536 14535.536"
+ y="15854.338"
+ id="tspan279">RSDataRequest</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text293"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="4034 4263 4440 4703 4881 5042 5219 5397 5503 5681 5842 6003 6180 6341 6519 6625 6803 6980 7158 7336 7497 7586 7692"
+ y="17807"
+ id="tspan295">w_make_resync_request()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text309"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12199 12305 12483 12644 12821 12893 13054 13232 13410 13638 13816 13905 14083 14311 14489 14667 14845 15023 15184 15272 15378"
+ y="18806"
+ id="tspan311">receive_DataRequest()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text325"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12199 12377 12483 12660 12838 13016 13194 13372 13549 13621 13799 13977 14083 14261 14438 14616 14794 14955 15133 15294 15399"
+ y="19606"
+ id="tspan327">drbd_endio_read_sec()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text341"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12191 12420 12597 12775 12953 13131 13309 13486 13664 13770 13931 14109 14287 14375 14553 14731 14837 15015 15192 15298"
+ y="20007"
+ id="tspan343">w_e_end_rsdata_req()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text357"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="4444 4550 4728 4889 5066 5138 5299 5477 5655 5883 6095 6324 6501 6590 6768 6997 7175 7352 7424 7585 7691"
+ y="20507"
+ id="tspan359">receive_RSDataReply()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text373"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="4457 4635 4741 4918 5096 5274 5452 5630 5807 5879 6057 6235 6464 6569 6641 6730 6908 7086 7247 7425 7585 7691"
+ y="21407"
+ id="tspan375">drbd_endio_write_sec()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text389"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="4647 4825 5003 5180 5358 5536 5714 5820 5997 6158 6319 6497 6658 6836 7013 7085 7263 7424 7585 7691"
+ y="21907"
+ id="tspan391">e_end_resync_block()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <path
+ d="M 11999,22601 L 11685,22640 L 11724,22444 L 11999,22601 z"
+ id="path401"
+ style="fill:#000080;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 7999,21801 L 11764,22554"
+ id="path405"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#000080;visibility:visible" />
+ <text
+ x="4290.3008"
+ y="-2369.6162"
+ transform="matrix(0.9788674,0.2044961,-0.2044961,0.9788674,0,0)"
+ id="text423"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000080;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="13610.301 13911.301 14016.301 14088.301 14177.301 14355.301 14567.301 14728.301"
+ y="19573.385"
+ id="tspan425">WriteAck</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text439"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000080;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12199 12377 12555 12644 12821 13033 13105 13283 13444 13604 13816 13977 14138 14244"
+ y="22559"
+ id="tspan441">got_BlockAck()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text455"
+ style="font-size:423px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="7999 8304 8541 8753 8964 9201 9413 9531 9769 9862 10099 10310 10522 10734 10852 10971 11208 11348 11585 11822"
+ y="16877"
+ id="tspan457">Resync blocks, 4-32K</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <path
+ d="M 12000,7601 L 11900,7301 L 12100,7301 L 12000,7601 z"
+ id="path467"
+ style="fill:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 12000,6801 L 12000,7361"
+ id="path471"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 12000,6801 L 11686,6840 L 11725,6644 L 12000,6801 z"
+ id="path483"
+ style="fill:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 8000,6001 L 11765,6754"
+ id="path487"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <text
+ x="-1288.1796"
+ y="1279.7666"
+ transform="matrix(0.9895258,-0.1443562,0.1443562,0.9895258,0,0)"
+ id="text505"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000080;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="8174.8208 8475.8203 8580.8203 8652.8203 8741.8203 8919.8203 9131.8203 9292.8203"
+ y="9516.7666"
+ id="tspan507">WriteAck</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <path
+ d="M 8000,8601 L 8282,8458 L 8312,8655 L 8000,8601 z"
+ id="path517"
+ style="fill:#000080;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 12000,8001 L 8237,8565"
+ id="path521"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#000080;visibility:visible" />
+ <text
+ x="1065.6655"
+ y="-2097.7664"
+ transform="matrix(0.9788674,0.2044961,-0.2044961,0.9788674,0,0)"
+ id="text539"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="10682.666 10911.666 11088.666 11177.666"
+ y="4107.2339"
+ id="tspan541">Data</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text555"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="4746 4924 5030 5207 5385 5563 5826 6003 6164 6342 6520 6626 6803 6981 7159 7337 7498 7587 7692"
+ y="5505"
+ id="tspan557">drbd_make_request()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text571"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12200 12306 12484 12645 12822 12894 13055 13233 13411 13639 13817 13906 14084 14190"
+ y="6806"
+ id="tspan573">receive_Data()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text587"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12200 12378 12484 12661 12839 13017 13195 13373 13550 13622 13800 13978 14207 14312 14384 14473 14651 14829 14990 15168 15328 15434"
+ y="7606"
+ id="tspan589">drbd_endio_write_sec()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text603"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12192 12370 12548 12725 12903 13081 13259 13437 13509 13686 13847 14008 14114"
+ y="8007"
+ id="tspan605">e_end_block()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text619"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000080;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="5647 5825 6003 6092 6269 6481 6553 6731 6892 7052 7264 7425 7586 7692"
+ y="8606"
+ id="tspan621">got_BlockAck()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text635"
+ style="font-size:423px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="8000 8305 8542 8779 9016 9109 9346 9486 9604 9956 10049 10189 10328 10565 10705 10942 11179 11298 11603 11742 11835 11954 12191 12310 12428 12665 12902 13139 13279 13516 13753"
+ y="4877"
+ id="tspan637">Regular mirrored write, 512-32K</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text651"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="5381 5610 5787 5948 6126 6304 6482 6659 6837 7015 7087 7265 7426 7587 7692"
+ y="6003"
+ id="tspan653">w_send_dblock()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <path
+ d="M 8000,6800 L 7900,6500 L 8100,6500 L 8000,6800 z"
+ id="path663"
+ style="fill:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 8000,6000 L 8000,6560"
+ id="path667"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <text
+ id="text683"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="4602 4780 4886 5063 5241 5419 5597 5775 5952 6024 6202 6380 6609 6714 6786 6875 7053 7231 7409 7515 7587 7692"
+ y="6905"
+ id="tspan685">drbd_endio_write_pri()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <path
+ d="M 12000,13602 L 11900,13302 L 12100,13302 L 12000,13602 z"
+ id="path695"
+ style="fill:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 12000,12802 L 12000,13362"
+ id="path699"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 12000,12802 L 11686,12841 L 11725,12645 L 12000,12802 z"
+ id="path711"
+ style="fill:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 8000,12002 L 11765,12755"
+ id="path715"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <text
+ x="-2155.5266"
+ y="1201.5964"
+ transform="matrix(0.9895258,-0.1443562,0.1443562,0.9895258,0,0)"
+ id="text733"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="7202.4736 7431.4736 7608.4736 7697.4736 7875.4736 8104.4736 8282.4736 8459.4736 8531.4736"
+ y="15454.597"
+ id="tspan735">DataReply</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <path
+ d="M 8000,14602 L 8282,14459 L 8312,14656 L 8000,14602 z"
+ id="path745"
+ style="fill:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 12000,14002 L 8237,14566"
+ id="path749"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#008000;visibility:visible" />
+ <text
+ x="2280.3804"
+ y="-2103.2141"
+ transform="matrix(0.9788674,0.2044961,-0.2044961,0.9788674,0,0)"
+ id="text767"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="11316.381 11545.381 11722.381 11811.381 11989.381 12218.381 12396.381 12573.381 12751.381 12929.381 13090.381"
+ y="9981.7861"
+ id="tspan769">DataRequest</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text783"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="4746 4924 5030 5207 5385 5563 5826 6003 6164 6342 6520 6626 6803 6981 7159 7337 7498 7587 7692"
+ y="11506"
+ id="tspan785">drbd_make_request()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text799"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12200 12306 12484 12645 12822 12894 13055 13233 13411 13639 13817 13906 14084 14312 14490 14668 14846 15024 15185 15273 15379"
+ y="12807"
+ id="tspan801">receive_DataRequest()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text815"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12200 12378 12484 12661 12839 13017 13195 13373 13550 13622 13800 13978 14084 14262 14439 14617 14795 14956 15134 15295 15400"
+ y="13607"
+ id="tspan817">drbd_endio_read_sec()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text831"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="12192 12421 12598 12776 12954 13132 13310 13487 13665 13843 14021 14110 14288 14465 14571 14749 14927 15033"
+ y="14008"
+ id="tspan833">w_e_end_data_req()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <g
+ id="g835"
+ style="visibility:visible">
+ <desc
+ id="desc837">Drawing</desc>
+ <text
+ id="text847"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="4885 4991 5169 5330 5507 5579 5740 5918 6096 6324 6502 6591 6769 6997 7175 7353 7425 7586 7692"
+ y="14607"
+ id="tspan849">receive_DataReply()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ </g>
+ <text
+ id="text863"
+ style="font-size:423px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="8000 8305 8398 8610 8821 8914 9151 9363 9575 9693 9833 10070 10307 10544 10663 10781 11018 11255 11493 11632 11869 12106"
+ y="10878"
+ id="tspan865">Diskless read, 512-32K</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text879"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#008000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="5029 5258 5435 5596 5774 5952 6130 6307 6413 6591 6769 6947 7125 7230 7408 7586 7692"
+ y="12004"
+ id="tspan881">w_send_read_req()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text895"
+ style="font-size:423px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="6961 7266 7571 7854 8159 8278 8515 8633 8870 9107 9226 9463 9581 9700 9793 10030"
+ y="2806"
+ id="tspan897">DRBD 8 data flow</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <path
+ d="M 3900,5300 L 3700,5300 L 3700,7000 L 3900,7000"
+ id="path907"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 3900,17600 L 3700,17600 L 3700,22000 L 3900,22000"
+ id="path919"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;visibility:visible" />
+ <path
+ d="M 16100,20000 L 16300,20000 L 16300,18500 L 16100,18500"
+ id="path931"
+ style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;visibility:visible" />
+ <text
+ id="text947"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="2126 2304 2376 2554 2731 2909 3087 3159 3337 3515 3587 3764 3870"
+ y="5202"
+ id="tspan949">al_begin_io()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text963"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="1632 1810 1882 2060 2220 2398 2661 2839 2910 3088 3177 3355 3533 3605 3783 3888"
+ y="7331"
+ id="tspan965">al_complete_io()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text979"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="2126 2232 2393 2571 2748 2926 3104 3176 3354 3531 3603 3781 3887"
+ y="17431"
+ id="tspan981">rs_begin_io()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text995"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="1626 1732 1893 2071 2231 2409 2672 2849 2921 3099 3188 3366 3544 3616 3793 3899"
+ y="22331"
+ id="tspan997">rs_complete_io()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text1011"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="16027 16133 16294 16472 16649 16827 17005 17077 17255 17432 17504 17682 17788"
+ y="18402"
+ id="tspan1013">rs_begin_io()</tspan>
+ </text>
+ <text
+ id="text1027"
+ style="font-size:318px;font-weight:400;fill:#000000;visibility:visible;font-family:Helvetica embedded">
+ <tspan
+ x="16115 16221 16382 16560 16720 16898 17161 17338 17410 17588 17677 17855 18033 18105 18282 18388"
+ y="20331"
+ id="tspan1029">rs_complete_io()</tspan>
+ </text>
+</svg>
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/conn-states-8.dot b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/conn-states-8.dot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..025e8cf5e64a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/conn-states-8.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+digraph conn_states {
+ StandAllone -> WFConnection [ label = "ioctl_set_net()" ]
+ WFConnection -> Unconnected [ label = "unable to bind()" ]
+ WFConnection -> WFReportParams [ label = "in connect() after accept" ]
+ WFReportParams -> StandAllone [ label = "checks in receive_param()" ]
+ WFReportParams -> Connected [ label = "in receive_param()" ]
+ WFReportParams -> WFBitMapS [ label = "sync_handshake()" ]
+ WFReportParams -> WFBitMapT [ label = "sync_handshake()" ]
+ WFBitMapS -> SyncSource [ label = "receive_bitmap()" ]
+ WFBitMapT -> SyncTarget [ label = "receive_bitmap()" ]
+ SyncSource -> Connected
+ SyncTarget -> Connected
+ SyncSource -> PausedSyncS
+ SyncTarget -> PausedSyncT
+ PausedSyncS -> SyncSource
+ PausedSyncT -> SyncTarget
+ Connected -> WFConnection [ label = "* on network error" ]
+}
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/data-structure-v9.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/data-structure-v9.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..66036b901644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/data-structure-v9.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+================================
+kernel data structure for DRBD-9
+================================
+
+This describes the in kernel data structure for DRBD-9. Starting with
+Linux v3.14 we are reorganizing DRBD to use this data structure.
+
+Basic Data Structure
+====================
+
+A node has a number of DRBD resources. Each such resource has a number of
+devices (aka volumes) and connections to other nodes ("peer nodes"). Each DRBD
+device is represented by a block device locally.
+
+The DRBD objects are interconnected to form a matrix as depicted below; a
+drbd_peer_device object sits at each intersection between a drbd_device and a
+drbd_connection::
+
+ /--------------+---------------+.....+---------------\
+ | resource | device | | device |
+ +--------------+---------------+.....+---------------+
+ | connection | peer_device | | peer_device |
+ +--------------+---------------+.....+---------------+
+ : : : : :
+ : : : : :
+ +--------------+---------------+.....+---------------+
+ | connection | peer_device | | peer_device |
+ \--------------+---------------+.....+---------------/
+
+In this table, horizontally, devices can be accessed from resources by their
+volume number. Likewise, peer_devices can be accessed from connections by
+their volume number. Objects in the vertical direction are connected by double
+linked lists. There are back pointers from peer_devices to their connections a
+devices, and from connections and devices to their resource.
+
+All resources are in the drbd_resources double-linked list. In addition, all
+devices can be accessed by their minor device number via the drbd_devices idr.
+
+The drbd_resource, drbd_connection, and drbd_device objects are reference
+counted. The peer_device objects only serve to establish the links between
+devices and connections; their lifetime is determined by the lifetime of the
+device and connection which they reference.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/disk-states-8.dot b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/disk-states-8.dot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d06cfb46fb98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/disk-states-8.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+digraph disk_states {
+ Diskless -> Inconsistent [ label = "ioctl_set_disk()" ]
+ Diskless -> Consistent [ label = "ioctl_set_disk()" ]
+ Diskless -> Outdated [ label = "ioctl_set_disk()" ]
+ Consistent -> Outdated [ label = "receive_param()" ]
+ Consistent -> UpToDate [ label = "receive_param()" ]
+ Consistent -> Inconsistent [ label = "start resync" ]
+ Outdated -> Inconsistent [ label = "start resync" ]
+ UpToDate -> Inconsistent [ label = "ioctl_replicate" ]
+ Inconsistent -> UpToDate [ label = "resync completed" ]
+ Consistent -> Failed [ label = "io completion error" ]
+ Outdated -> Failed [ label = "io completion error" ]
+ UpToDate -> Failed [ label = "io completion error" ]
+ Inconsistent -> Failed [ label = "io completion error" ]
+ Failed -> Diskless [ label = "sending notify to peer" ]
+}
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/drbd-connection-state-overview.dot b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/drbd-connection-state-overview.dot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d9cf0a7b11d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/drbd-connection-state-overview.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// vim: set sw=2 sts=2 :
+digraph {
+ rankdir=BT
+ bgcolor=white
+
+ node [shape=plaintext]
+ node [fontcolor=black]
+
+ StandAlone [ style=filled,fillcolor=gray,label=StandAlone ]
+
+ node [fontcolor=lightgray]
+
+ Unconnected [ label=Unconnected ]
+
+ CommTrouble [ shape=record,
+ label="{communication loss|{Timeout|BrokenPipe|NetworkFailure}}" ]
+
+ node [fontcolor=gray]
+
+ subgraph cluster_try_connect {
+ label="try to connect, handshake"
+ rank=max
+ WFConnection [ label=WFConnection ]
+ WFReportParams [ label=WFReportParams ]
+ }
+
+ TearDown [ label=TearDown ]
+
+ Connected [ label=Connected,style=filled,fillcolor=green,fontcolor=black ]
+
+ node [fontcolor=lightblue]
+
+ StartingSyncS [ label=StartingSyncS ]
+ StartingSyncT [ label=StartingSyncT ]
+
+ subgraph cluster_bitmap_exchange {
+ node [fontcolor=red]
+ fontcolor=red
+ label="new application (WRITE?) requests blocked\lwhile bitmap is exchanged"
+
+ WFBitMapT [ label=WFBitMapT ]
+ WFSyncUUID [ label=WFSyncUUID ]
+ WFBitMapS [ label=WFBitMapS ]
+ }
+
+ node [fontcolor=blue]
+
+ cluster_resync [ shape=record,label="{<any>resynchronisation process running\l'concurrent' application requests allowed|{{<T>PausedSyncT\nSyncTarget}|{<S>PausedSyncS\nSyncSource}}}" ]
+
+ node [shape=box,fontcolor=black]
+
+ // drbdadm [label="drbdadm connect"]
+ // handshake [label="drbd_connect()\ndrbd_do_handshake\ndrbd_sync_handshake() etc."]
+ // comm_error [label="communication trouble"]
+
+ //
+ // edges
+ // --------------------------------------
+
+ StandAlone -> Unconnected [ label="drbdadm connect" ]
+ Unconnected -> StandAlone [ label="drbdadm disconnect\lor serious communication trouble" ]
+ Unconnected -> WFConnection [ label="receiver thread is started" ]
+ WFConnection -> WFReportParams [ headlabel="accept()\land/or \lconnect()\l" ]
+
+ WFReportParams -> StandAlone [ label="during handshake\lpeers do not agree\labout something essential" ]
+ WFReportParams -> Connected [ label="data identical\lno sync needed",color=green,fontcolor=green ]
+
+ WFReportParams -> WFBitMapS
+ WFReportParams -> WFBitMapT
+ WFBitMapT -> WFSyncUUID [minlen=0.1,constraint=false]
+
+ WFBitMapS -> cluster_resync:S
+ WFSyncUUID -> cluster_resync:T
+
+ edge [color=green]
+ cluster_resync:any -> Connected [ label="resnyc done",fontcolor=green ]
+
+ edge [color=red]
+ WFReportParams -> CommTrouble
+ Connected -> CommTrouble
+ cluster_resync:any -> CommTrouble
+ edge [color=black]
+ CommTrouble -> Unconnected [label="receiver thread is stopped" ]
+
+}
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/figures.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/figures.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9f73253ea353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/figures.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+.. The here included files are intended to help understand the implementation
+
+Data flows that Relate some functions, and write packets
+========================================================
+
+.. kernel-figure:: DRBD-8.3-data-packets.svg
+ :alt: DRBD-8.3-data-packets.svg
+ :align: center
+
+.. kernel-figure:: DRBD-data-packets.svg
+ :alt: DRBD-data-packets.svg
+ :align: center
+
+
+Sub graphs of DRBD's state transitions
+======================================
+
+.. kernel-figure:: conn-states-8.dot
+ :alt: conn-states-8.dot
+ :align: center
+
+.. kernel-figure:: disk-states-8.dot
+ :alt: disk-states-8.dot
+ :align: center
+
+.. kernel-figure:: peer-states-8.dot
+ :alt: peer-states-8.dot
+ :align: center
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..561fd1e35917
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+==========================================
+Distributed Replicated Block Device - DRBD
+==========================================
+
+Description
+===========
+
+ DRBD is a shared-nothing, synchronously replicated block device. It
+ is designed to serve as a building block for high availability
+ clusters and in this context, is a "drop-in" replacement for shared
+ storage. Simplistically, you could see it as a network RAID 1.
+
+ Please visit https://www.drbd.org to find out more.
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ data-structure-v9
+ figures
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/peer-states-8.dot b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/peer-states-8.dot
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6dc3954954d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/peer-states-8.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+digraph peer_states {
+ Secondary -> Primary [ label = "recv state packet" ]
+ Primary -> Secondary [ label = "recv state packet" ]
+ Primary -> Unknown [ label = "connection lost" ]
+ Secondary -> Unknown [ label = "connection lost" ]
+ Unknown -> Primary [ label = "connected" ]
+ Unknown -> Secondary [ label = "connected" ]
+}
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/floppy.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/floppy.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0328438ebe2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/floppy.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+=============
+Floppy Driver
+=============
+
+FAQ list:
+=========
+
+A FAQ list may be found in the fdutils package (see below), and also
+at <https://fdutils.linux.lu/faq.html>.
+
+
+LILO configuration options (Thinkpad users, read this)
+======================================================
+
+The floppy driver is configured using the 'floppy=' option in
+lilo. This option can be typed at the boot prompt, or entered in the
+lilo configuration file.
+
+Example: If your kernel is called linux-2.6.9, type the following line
+at the lilo boot prompt (if you have a thinkpad)::
+
+ linux-2.6.9 floppy=thinkpad
+
+You may also enter the following line in /etc/lilo.conf, in the description
+of linux-2.6.9::
+
+ append = "floppy=thinkpad"
+
+Several floppy related options may be given, example::
+
+ linux-2.6.9 floppy=daring floppy=two_fdc
+ append = "floppy=daring floppy=two_fdc"
+
+If you give options both in the lilo config file and on the boot
+prompt, the option strings of both places are concatenated, the boot
+prompt options coming last. That's why there are also options to
+restore the default behavior.
+
+
+Module configuration options
+============================
+
+If you use the floppy driver as a module, use the following syntax::
+
+ modprobe floppy floppy="<options>"
+
+Example::
+
+ modprobe floppy floppy="omnibook messages"
+
+If you need certain options enabled every time you load the floppy driver,
+you can put::
+
+ options floppy floppy="omnibook messages"
+
+in a configuration file in /etc/modprobe.d/.
+
+
+The floppy driver related options are:
+
+ floppy=asus_pci
+ Sets the bit mask to allow only units 0 and 1. (default)
+
+ floppy=daring
+ Tells the floppy driver that you have a well behaved floppy controller.
+ This allows more efficient and smoother operation, but may fail on
+ certain controllers. This may speed up certain operations.
+
+ floppy=0,daring
+ Tells the floppy driver that your floppy controller should be used
+ with caution.
+
+ floppy=one_fdc
+ Tells the floppy driver that you have only one floppy controller.
+ (default)
+
+ floppy=two_fdc / floppy=<address>,two_fdc
+ Tells the floppy driver that you have two floppy controllers.
+ The second floppy controller is assumed to be at <address>.
+ This option is not needed if the second controller is at address
+ 0x370, and if you use the 'cmos' option.
+
+ floppy=thinkpad
+ Tells the floppy driver that you have a Thinkpad. Thinkpads use an
+ inverted convention for the disk change line.
+
+ floppy=0,thinkpad
+ Tells the floppy driver that you don't have a Thinkpad.
+
+ floppy=omnibook / floppy=nodma
+ Tells the floppy driver not to use Dma for data transfers.
+ This is needed on HP Omnibooks, which don't have a workable
+ DMA channel for the floppy driver. This option is also useful
+ if you frequently get "Unable to allocate DMA memory" messages.
+ Indeed, dma memory needs to be continuous in physical memory,
+ and is thus harder to find, whereas non-dma buffers may be
+ allocated in virtual memory. However, I advise against this if
+ you have an FDC without a FIFO (8272A or 82072). 82072A and
+ later are OK. You also need at least a 486 to use nodma.
+ If you use nodma mode, I suggest you also set the FIFO
+ threshold to 10 or lower, in order to limit the number of data
+ transfer interrupts.
+
+ If you have a FIFO-able FDC, the floppy driver automatically
+ falls back on non DMA mode if no DMA-able memory can be found.
+ If you want to avoid this, explicitly ask for 'yesdma'.
+
+ floppy=yesdma
+ Tells the floppy driver that a workable DMA channel is available.
+ (default)
+
+ floppy=nofifo
+ Disables the FIFO entirely. This is needed if you get "Bus
+ master arbitration error" messages from your Ethernet card (or
+ from other devices) while accessing the floppy.
+
+ floppy=usefifo
+ Enables the FIFO. (default)
+
+ floppy=<threshold>,fifo_depth
+ Sets the FIFO threshold. This is mostly relevant in DMA
+ mode. If this is higher, the floppy driver tolerates more
+ interrupt latency, but it triggers more interrupts (i.e. it
+ imposes more load on the rest of the system). If this is
+ lower, the interrupt latency should be lower too (faster
+ processor). The benefit of a lower threshold is less
+ interrupts.
+
+ To tune the fifo threshold, switch on over/underrun messages
+ using 'floppycontrol --messages'. Then access a floppy
+ disk. If you get a huge amount of "Over/Underrun - retrying"
+ messages, then the fifo threshold is too low. Try with a
+ higher value, until you only get an occasional Over/Underrun.
+ It is a good idea to compile the floppy driver as a module
+ when doing this tuning. Indeed, it allows to try different
+ fifo values without rebooting the machine for each test. Note
+ that you need to do 'floppycontrol --messages' every time you
+ re-insert the module.
+
+ Usually, tuning the fifo threshold should not be needed, as
+ the default (0xa) is reasonable.
+
+ floppy=<drive>,<type>,cmos
+ Sets the CMOS type of <drive> to <type>. This is mandatory if
+ you have more than two floppy drives (only two can be
+ described in the physical CMOS), or if your BIOS uses
+ non-standard CMOS types. The CMOS types are:
+
+ == ==================================
+ 0 Use the value of the physical CMOS
+ 1 5 1/4 DD
+ 2 5 1/4 HD
+ 3 3 1/2 DD
+ 4 3 1/2 HD
+ 5 3 1/2 ED
+ 6 3 1/2 ED
+ 16 unknown or not installed
+ == ==================================
+
+ (Note: there are two valid types for ED drives. This is because 5 was
+ initially chosen to represent floppy *tapes*, and 6 for ED drives.
+ AMI ignored this, and used 5 for ED drives. That's why the floppy
+ driver handles both.)
+
+ floppy=unexpected_interrupts
+ Print a warning message when an unexpected interrupt is received.
+ (default)
+
+ floppy=no_unexpected_interrupts / floppy=L40SX
+ Don't print a message when an unexpected interrupt is received. This
+ is needed on IBM L40SX laptops in certain video modes. (There seems
+ to be an interaction between video and floppy. The unexpected
+ interrupts affect only performance, and can be safely ignored.)
+
+ floppy=broken_dcl
+ Don't use the disk change line, but assume that the disk was
+ changed whenever the device node is reopened. Needed on some
+ boxes where the disk change line is broken or unsupported.
+ This should be regarded as a stopgap measure, indeed it makes
+ floppy operation less efficient due to unneeded cache
+ flushings, and slightly more unreliable. Please verify your
+ cable, connection and jumper settings if you have any DCL
+ problems. However, some older drives, and also some laptops
+ are known not to have a DCL.
+
+ floppy=debug
+ Print debugging messages.
+
+ floppy=messages
+ Print informational messages for some operations (disk change
+ notifications, warnings about over and underruns, and about
+ autodetection).
+
+ floppy=silent_dcl_clear
+ Uses a less noisy way to clear the disk change line (which
+ doesn't involve seeks). Implied by 'daring' option.
+
+ floppy=<nr>,irq
+ Sets the floppy IRQ to <nr> instead of 6.
+
+ floppy=<nr>,dma
+ Sets the floppy DMA channel to <nr> instead of 2.
+
+ floppy=slow
+ Use PS/2 stepping rate::
+
+ PS/2 floppies have much slower step rates than regular floppies.
+ It's been recommended that take about 1/4 of the default speed
+ in some more extreme cases.
+
+
+Supporting utilities and additional documentation:
+==================================================
+
+Additional parameters of the floppy driver can be configured at
+runtime. Utilities which do this can be found in the fdutils package.
+This package also contains a new version of mtools which allows to
+access high capacity disks (up to 1992K on a high density 3 1/2 disk!).
+It also contains additional documentation about the floppy driver.
+
+The latest version can be found at fdutils homepage:
+
+ https://fdutils.linux.lu
+
+The fdutils releases can be found at:
+
+ https://fdutils.linux.lu/download.html
+
+ http://www.tux.org/pub/knaff/fdutils/
+
+ ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/disk-management/
+
+Reporting problems about the floppy driver
+==========================================
+
+If you have a question or a bug report about the floppy driver, mail
+me at Alain.Knaff@poboxes.com . If you post to Usenet, preferably use
+comp.os.linux.hardware. As the volume in these groups is rather high,
+be sure to include the word "floppy" (or "FLOPPY") in the subject
+line. If the reported problem happens when mounting floppy disks, be
+sure to mention also the type of the filesystem in the subject line.
+
+Be sure to read the FAQ before mailing/posting any bug reports!
+
+Alain
+
+Changelog
+=========
+
+10-30-2004 :
+ Cleanup, updating, add reference to module configuration.
+ James Nelson <james4765@gmail.com>
+
+6-3-2000 :
+ Original Document
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3262397ebe8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=============
+Block Devices
+=============
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ floppy
+ nbd
+ paride
+ ramdisk
+ zoned_loop
+ zram
+
+ drbd/index
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/nbd.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/nbd.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..faf2ac4b1509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/nbd.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+==================================
+Network Block Device (TCP version)
+==================================
+
+1) Overview
+-----------
+
+What is it: With this compiled in the kernel (or as a module), Linux
+can use a remote server as one of its block devices. So every time
+the client computer wants to read, e.g., /dev/nb0, it sends a
+request over TCP to the server, which will reply with the data read.
+This can be used for stations with low disk space (or even diskless)
+to borrow disk space from another computer.
+Unlike NFS, it is possible to put any filesystem on it, etc.
+
+For more information, or to download the nbd-client and nbd-server
+tools, go to https://github.com/NetworkBlockDevice/nbd.
+
+The nbd kernel module need only be installed on the client
+system, as the nbd-server is completely in userspace. In fact,
+the nbd-server has been successfully ported to other operating
+systems, including Windows.
+
+A) NBD parameters
+-----------------
+
+max_part
+ Number of partitions per device (default: 0).
+
+nbds_max
+ Number of block devices that should be initialized (default: 16).
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/paride.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/paride.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2f627d4c2f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/paride.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+===================================
+Linux and parallel port IDE devices
+===================================
+
+PARIDE v1.03 (c) 1997-8 Grant Guenther <grant@torque.net>
+PATA_PARPORT (c) 2023 Ondrej Zary
+
+1. Introduction
+===============
+
+Owing to the simplicity and near universality of the parallel port interface
+to personal computers, many external devices such as portable hard-disk,
+CD-ROM, LS-120 and tape drives use the parallel port to connect to their
+host computer. While some devices (notably scanners) use ad-hoc methods
+to pass commands and data through the parallel port interface, most
+external devices are actually identical to an internal model, but with
+a parallel-port adapter chip added in. Some of the original parallel port
+adapters were little more than mechanisms for multiplexing a SCSI bus.
+(The Iomega PPA-3 adapter used in the ZIP drives is an example of this
+approach). Most current designs, however, take a different approach.
+The adapter chip reproduces a small ISA or IDE bus in the external device
+and the communication protocol provides operations for reading and writing
+device registers, as well as data block transfer functions. Sometimes,
+the device being addressed via the parallel cable is a standard SCSI
+controller like an NCR 5380. The "ditto" family of external tape
+drives use the ISA replicator to interface a floppy disk controller,
+which is then connected to a floppy-tape mechanism. The vast majority
+of external parallel port devices, however, are now based on standard
+IDE type devices, which require no intermediate controller. If one
+were to open up a parallel port CD-ROM drive, for instance, one would
+find a standard ATAPI CD-ROM drive, a power supply, and a single adapter
+that interconnected a standard PC parallel port cable and a standard
+IDE cable. It is usually possible to exchange the CD-ROM device with
+any other device using the IDE interface.
+
+The document describes the support in Linux for parallel port IDE
+devices. It does not cover parallel port SCSI devices, "ditto" tape
+drives or scanners. Many different devices are supported by the
+parallel port IDE subsystem, including:
+
+ - MicroSolutions backpack CD-ROM
+ - MicroSolutions backpack PD/CD
+ - MicroSolutions backpack hard-drives
+ - MicroSolutions backpack 8000t tape drive
+ - SyQuest EZ-135, EZ-230 & SparQ drives
+ - Avatar Shark
+ - Imation Superdisk LS-120
+ - Maxell Superdisk LS-120
+ - FreeCom Power CD
+ - Hewlett-Packard 5GB and 8GB tape drives
+ - Hewlett-Packard 7100 and 7200 CD-RW drives
+
+as well as most of the clone and no-name products on the market.
+
+To support such a wide range of devices, pata_parport is actually structured
+in two parts. There is a base pata_parport module which provides an interface
+to kernel libata subsystem, registry and some common methods for accessing
+the parallel ports.
+
+The second component is a set of low-level protocol drivers for each of the
+parallel port IDE adapter chips. Thanks to the interest and encouragement of
+Linux users from many parts of the world, support is available for almost all
+known adapter protocols:
+
+ ==== ====================================== ====
+ aten ATEN EH-100 (HK)
+ bpck Microsolutions backpack (US)
+ comm DataStor (old-type) "commuter" adapter (TW)
+ dstr DataStor EP-2000 (TW)
+ epat Shuttle EPAT (UK)
+ epia Shuttle EPIA (UK)
+ fit2 FIT TD-2000 (US)
+ fit3 FIT TD-3000 (US)
+ friq Freecom IQ cable (DE)
+ frpw Freecom Power (DE)
+ kbic KingByte KBIC-951A and KBIC-971A (TW)
+ ktti KT Technology PHd adapter (SG)
+ on20 OnSpec 90c20 (US)
+ on26 OnSpec 90c26 (US)
+ ==== ====================================== ====
+
+
+2. Using pata_parport subsystem
+===============================
+
+While configuring the Linux kernel, you may choose either to build
+the pata_parport drivers into your kernel, or to build them as modules.
+
+In either case, you will need to select "Parallel port IDE device support"
+and at least one of the parallel port communication protocols.
+If you do not know what kind of parallel port adapter is used in your drive,
+you could begin by checking the file names and any text files on your DOS
+installation floppy. Alternatively, you can look at the markings on
+the adapter chip itself. That's usually sufficient to identify the
+correct device.
+
+You can actually select all the protocol modules, and allow the pata_parport
+subsystem to try them all for you.
+
+For the "brand-name" products listed above, here are the protocol
+and high-level drivers that you would use:
+
+ ================ ============ ========
+ Manufacturer Model Protocol
+ ================ ============ ========
+ MicroSolutions CD-ROM bpck
+ MicroSolutions PD drive bpck
+ MicroSolutions hard-drive bpck
+ MicroSolutions 8000t tape bpck
+ SyQuest EZ, SparQ epat
+ Imation Superdisk epat
+ Maxell Superdisk friq
+ Avatar Shark epat
+ FreeCom CD-ROM frpw
+ Hewlett-Packard 5GB Tape epat
+ Hewlett-Packard 7200e (CD) epat
+ Hewlett-Packard 7200e (CD-R) epat
+ ================ ============ ========
+
+All parports and all protocol drivers are probed automatically unless probe=0
+parameter is used. So just "modprobe epat" is enough for an Imation SuperDisk
+drive to work.
+
+Manual device creation::
+
+ # echo "port protocol mode unit delay" >/sys/bus/pata_parport/new_device
+
+where:
+
+ ======== ================================================
+ port parport name (or "auto" for all parports)
+ protocol protocol name (or "auto" for all protocols)
+ mode mode number (protocol-specific) or -1 for probe
+ unit unit number (for backpack only, see below)
+ delay I/O delay (see troubleshooting section below)
+ ======== ================================================
+
+If you happen to be using a MicroSolutions backpack device, you will
+also need to know the unit ID number for each drive. This is usually
+the last two digits of the drive's serial number (but read MicroSolutions'
+documentation about this).
+
+If you omit the parameters from the end, defaults will be used, e.g.:
+
+Probe all parports with all protocols::
+
+ # echo auto >/sys/bus/pata_parport/new_device
+
+Probe parport0 using protocol epat and mode 4 (EPP-16)::
+
+ # echo "parport0 epat 4" >/sys/bus/pata_parport/new_device
+
+Probe parport0 using all protocols::
+
+ # echo "parport0 auto" >/sys/bus/pata_parport/new_device
+
+Probe all parports using protoocol epat::
+
+ # echo "auto epat" >/sys/bus/pata_parport/new_device
+
+Deleting devices::
+
+ # echo pata_parport.0 >/sys/bus/pata_parport/delete_device
+
+
+3. Troubleshooting
+==================
+
+3.1 Use EPP mode if you can
+----------------------------
+
+The most common problems that people report with the pata_parport drivers
+concern the parallel port CMOS settings. At this time, none of the
+protocol modules support ECP mode, or any ECP combination modes.
+If you are able to do so, please set your parallel port into EPP mode
+using your CMOS setup procedure.
+
+3.2 Check the port delay
+-------------------------
+
+Some parallel ports cannot reliably transfer data at full speed. To
+offset the errors, the protocol modules introduce a "port
+delay" between each access to the i/o ports. Each protocol sets
+a default value for this delay. In most cases, the user can override
+the default and set it to 0 - resulting in somewhat higher transfer
+rates. In some rare cases (especially with older 486 systems) the
+default delays are not long enough. if you experience corrupt data
+transfers, or unexpected failures, you may wish to increase the
+port delay.
+
+3.3 Some drives need a printer reset
+-------------------------------------
+
+There appear to be a number of "noname" external drives on the market
+that do not always power up correctly. We have noticed this with some
+drives based on OnSpec and older Freecom adapters. In these rare cases,
+the adapter can often be reinitialised by issuing a "printer reset" on
+the parallel port. As the reset operation is potentially disruptive in
+multiple device environments, the pata_parport drivers will not do it
+automatically. You can however, force a printer reset by doing::
+
+ insmod lp reset=1
+ rmmod lp
+
+If you have one of these marginal cases, you should probably build
+your pata_parport drivers as modules, and arrange to do the printer reset
+before loading the pata_parport drivers.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/ramdisk.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/ramdisk.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9ce6101e8dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/ramdisk.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+==========================================
+Using the RAM disk block device with Linux
+==========================================
+
+.. Contents:
+
+ 1) Overview
+ 2) Kernel Command Line Parameters
+ 3) Using "rdev"
+ 4) An Example of Creating a Compressed RAM Disk
+
+
+1) Overview
+-----------
+
+The RAM disk driver is a way to use main system memory as a block device. It
+is required for initrd, an initial filesystem used if you need to load modules
+in order to access the root filesystem (see Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst). It can
+also be used for a temporary filesystem for crypto work, since the contents
+are erased on reboot.
+
+The RAM disk dynamically grows as more space is required. It does this by using
+RAM from the buffer cache. The driver marks the buffers it is using as dirty
+so that the VM subsystem does not try to reclaim them later.
+
+The RAM disk supports up to 16 RAM disks by default, and can be reconfigured
+to support an unlimited number of RAM disks (at your own risk). Just change
+the configuration symbol BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT in the Block drivers config menu
+and (re)build the kernel.
+
+To use RAM disk support with your system, run './MAKEDEV ram' from the /dev
+directory. RAM disks are all major number 1, and start with minor number 0
+for /dev/ram0, etc. If used, modern kernels use /dev/ram0 for an initrd.
+
+The new RAM disk also has the ability to load compressed RAM disk images,
+allowing one to squeeze more programs onto an average installation or
+rescue floppy disk.
+
+
+2) Parameters
+---------------------------------
+
+2a) Kernel Command Line Parameters
+
+ ramdisk_size=N
+ Size of the ramdisk.
+
+This parameter tells the RAM disk driver to set up RAM disks of N k size. The
+default is 4096 (4 MB).
+
+2b) Module parameters
+
+ rd_nr
+ /dev/ramX devices created.
+
+ max_part
+ Maximum partition number.
+
+ rd_size
+ See ramdisk_size.
+
+3) Using "rdev"
+---------------
+
+"rdev" is an obsolete, deprecated, antiquated utility that could be used
+to set the boot device in a Linux kernel image.
+
+Instead of using rdev, just place the boot device information on the
+kernel command line and pass it to the kernel from the bootloader.
+
+You can also pass arguments to the kernel by setting FDARGS in
+arch/x86/boot/Makefile and specify in initrd image by setting FDINITRD in
+arch/x86/boot/Makefile.
+
+Some of the kernel command line boot options that may apply here are::
+
+ ramdisk_start=N
+ ramdisk_size=M
+
+If you make a boot disk that has LILO, then for the above, you would use::
+
+ append = "ramdisk_start=N ramdisk_size=M"
+
+4) An Example of Creating a Compressed RAM Disk
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+To create a RAM disk image, you will need a spare block device to
+construct it on. This can be the RAM disk device itself, or an
+unused disk partition (such as an unmounted swap partition). For this
+example, we will use the RAM disk device, "/dev/ram0".
+
+Note: This technique should not be done on a machine with less than 8 MB
+of RAM. If using a spare disk partition instead of /dev/ram0, then this
+restriction does not apply.
+
+a) Decide on the RAM disk size that you want. Say 2 MB for this example.
+ Create it by writing to the RAM disk device. (This step is not currently
+ required, but may be in the future.) It is wise to zero out the
+ area (esp. for disks) so that maximal compression is achieved for
+ the unused blocks of the image that you are about to create::
+
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram0 bs=1k count=2048
+
+b) Make a filesystem on it. Say ext2fs for this example::
+
+ mke2fs -vm0 /dev/ram0 2048
+
+c) Mount it, copy the files you want to it (eg: /etc/* /dev/* ...)
+ and unmount it again.
+
+d) Compress the contents of the RAM disk. The level of compression
+ will be approximately 50% of the space used by the files. Unused
+ space on the RAM disk will compress to almost nothing::
+
+ dd if=/dev/ram0 bs=1k count=2048 | gzip -v9 > /tmp/ram_image.gz
+
+e) Put the kernel onto the floppy::
+
+ dd if=zImage of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k
+
+f) Put the RAM disk image onto the floppy, after the kernel. Use an offset
+ that is slightly larger than the kernel, so that you can put another
+ (possibly larger) kernel onto the same floppy later without overlapping
+ the RAM disk image. An offset of 400 kB for kernels about 350 kB in
+ size would be reasonable. Make sure offset+size of ram_image.gz is
+ not larger than the total space on your floppy (usually 1440 kB)::
+
+ dd if=/tmp/ram_image.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k seek=400
+
+g) Make sure that you have already specified the boot information in
+ FDARGS and FDINITRD or that you use a bootloader to pass kernel
+ command line boot options to the kernel.
+
+That is it. You now have your boot/root compressed RAM disk floppy. Some
+users may wish to combine steps (d) and (f) by using a pipe.
+
+
+ Paul Gortmaker 12/95
+
+Changelog:
+----------
+
+SEPT-2020 :
+
+ Removed usage of "rdev"
+
+10-22-04 :
+ Updated to reflect changes in command line options, remove
+ obsolete references, general cleanup.
+ James Nelson (james4765@gmail.com)
+
+12-95 :
+ Original Document
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zoned_loop.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zoned_loop.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..64dcfde7450a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zoned_loop.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=======================
+Zoned Loop Block Device
+=======================
+
+.. Contents:
+
+ 1) Overview
+ 2) Creating a Zoned Device
+ 3) Deleting a Zoned Device
+ 4) Example
+
+
+1) Overview
+-----------
+
+The zoned loop block device driver (zloop) allows a user to create a zoned block
+device using one regular file per zone as backing storage. This driver does not
+directly control any hardware and uses read, write and truncate operations to
+regular files of a file system to emulate a zoned block device.
+
+Using zloop, zoned block devices with a configurable capacity, zone size and
+number of conventional zones can be created. The storage for each zone of the
+device is implemented using a regular file with a maximum size equal to the zone
+size. The size of a file backing a conventional zone is always equal to the zone
+size. The size of a file backing a sequential zone indicates the amount of data
+sequentially written to the file, that is, the size of the file directly
+indicates the position of the write pointer of the zone.
+
+When resetting a sequential zone, its backing file size is truncated to zero.
+Conversely, for a zone finish operation, the backing file is truncated to the
+zone size. With this, the maximum capacity of a zloop zoned block device created
+can be larger configured to be larger than the storage space available on the
+backing file system. Of course, for such configuration, writing more data than
+the storage space available on the backing file system will result in write
+errors.
+
+The zoned loop block device driver implements a complete zone transition state
+machine. That is, zones can be empty, implicitly opened, explicitly opened,
+closed or full. The current implementation does not support any limits on the
+maximum number of open and active zones.
+
+No user tools are necessary to create and delete zloop devices.
+
+2) Creating a Zoned Device
+--------------------------
+
+Once the zloop module is loaded (or if zloop is compiled in the kernel), the
+character device file /dev/zloop-control can be used to add a zloop device.
+This is done by writing an "add" command directly to the /dev/zloop-control
+device::
+
+ $ modprobe zloop
+ $ ls -l /dev/zloop*
+ crw-------. 1 root root 10, 123 Jan 6 19:18 /dev/zloop-control
+
+ $ mkdir -p <base directory/<device ID>
+ $ echo "add [options]" > /dev/zloop-control
+
+The options available for the add command can be listed by reading the
+/dev/zloop-control device::
+
+ $ cat /dev/zloop-control
+ add id=%d,capacity_mb=%u,zone_size_mb=%u,zone_capacity_mb=%u,conv_zones=%u,base_dir=%s,nr_queues=%u,queue_depth=%u,buffered_io
+ remove id=%d
+
+In more details, the options that can be used with the "add" command are as
+follows.
+
+================ ===========================================================
+id Device number (the X in /dev/zloopX).
+ Default: automatically assigned.
+capacity_mb Device total capacity in MiB. This is always rounded up to
+ the nearest higher multiple of the zone size.
+ Default: 16384 MiB (16 GiB).
+zone_size_mb Device zone size in MiB. Default: 256 MiB.
+zone_capacity_mb Device zone capacity (must always be equal to or lower than
+ the zone size. Default: zone size.
+conv_zones Total number of conventioanl zones starting from sector 0.
+ Default: 8.
+base_dir Path to the base directory where to create the directory
+ containing the zone files of the device.
+ Default=/var/local/zloop.
+ The device directory containing the zone files is always
+ named with the device ID. E.g. the default zone file
+ directory for /dev/zloop0 is /var/local/zloop/0.
+nr_queues Number of I/O queues of the zoned block device. This value is
+ always capped by the number of online CPUs
+ Default: 1
+queue_depth Maximum I/O queue depth per I/O queue.
+ Default: 64
+buffered_io Do buffered IOs instead of direct IOs (default: false)
+================ ===========================================================
+
+3) Deleting a Zoned Device
+--------------------------
+
+Deleting an unused zoned loop block device is done by issuing the "remove"
+command to /dev/zloop-control, specifying the ID of the device to remove::
+
+ $ echo "remove id=X" > /dev/zloop-control
+
+The remove command does not have any option.
+
+A zoned device that was removed can be re-added again without any change to the
+state of the device zones: the device zones are restored to their last state
+before the device was removed. Adding again a zoned device after it was removed
+must always be done using the same configuration as when the device was first
+added. If a zone configuration change is detected, an error will be returned and
+the zoned device will not be created.
+
+To fully delete a zoned device, after executing the remove operation, the device
+base directory containing the backing files of the device zones must be deleted.
+
+4) Example
+----------
+
+The following sequence of commands creates a 2GB zoned device with zones of 64
+MB and a zone capacity of 63 MB::
+
+ $ modprobe zloop
+ $ mkdir -p /var/local/zloop/0
+ $ echo "add capacity_mb=2048,zone_size_mb=64,zone_capacity=63MB" > /dev/zloop-control
+
+For the device created (/dev/zloop0), the zone backing files are all created
+under the default base directory (/var/local/zloop)::
+
+ $ ls -l /var/local/zloop/0
+ total 0
+ -rw-------. 1 root root 67108864 Jan 6 22:23 cnv-000000
+ -rw-------. 1 root root 67108864 Jan 6 22:23 cnv-000001
+ -rw-------. 1 root root 67108864 Jan 6 22:23 cnv-000002
+ -rw-------. 1 root root 67108864 Jan 6 22:23 cnv-000003
+ -rw-------. 1 root root 67108864 Jan 6 22:23 cnv-000004
+ -rw-------. 1 root root 67108864 Jan 6 22:23 cnv-000005
+ -rw-------. 1 root root 67108864 Jan 6 22:23 cnv-000006
+ -rw-------. 1 root root 67108864 Jan 6 22:23 cnv-000007
+ -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Jan 6 22:23 seq-000008
+ -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Jan 6 22:23 seq-000009
+ ...
+
+The zoned device created (/dev/zloop0) can then be used normally::
+
+ $ lsblk -z
+ NAME ZONED ZONE-SZ ZONE-NR ZONE-AMAX ZONE-OMAX ZONE-APP ZONE-WGRAN
+ zloop0 host-managed 64M 32 0 0 1M 4K
+ $ blkzone report /dev/zloop0
+ start: 0x000000000, len 0x020000, cap 0x020000, wptr 0x000000 reset:0 non-seq:0, zcond: 0(nw) [type: 1(CONVENTIONAL)]
+ start: 0x000020000, len 0x020000, cap 0x020000, wptr 0x000000 reset:0 non-seq:0, zcond: 0(nw) [type: 1(CONVENTIONAL)]
+ start: 0x000040000, len 0x020000, cap 0x020000, wptr 0x000000 reset:0 non-seq:0, zcond: 0(nw) [type: 1(CONVENTIONAL)]
+ start: 0x000060000, len 0x020000, cap 0x020000, wptr 0x000000 reset:0 non-seq:0, zcond: 0(nw) [type: 1(CONVENTIONAL)]
+ start: 0x000080000, len 0x020000, cap 0x020000, wptr 0x000000 reset:0 non-seq:0, zcond: 0(nw) [type: 1(CONVENTIONAL)]
+ start: 0x0000a0000, len 0x020000, cap 0x020000, wptr 0x000000 reset:0 non-seq:0, zcond: 0(nw) [type: 1(CONVENTIONAL)]
+ start: 0x0000c0000, len 0x020000, cap 0x020000, wptr 0x000000 reset:0 non-seq:0, zcond: 0(nw) [type: 1(CONVENTIONAL)]
+ start: 0x0000e0000, len 0x020000, cap 0x020000, wptr 0x000000 reset:0 non-seq:0, zcond: 0(nw) [type: 1(CONVENTIONAL)]
+ start: 0x000100000, len 0x020000, cap 0x01f800, wptr 0x000000 reset:0 non-seq:0, zcond: 1(em) [type: 2(SEQ_WRITE_REQUIRED)]
+ start: 0x000120000, len 0x020000, cap 0x01f800, wptr 0x000000 reset:0 non-seq:0, zcond: 1(em) [type: 2(SEQ_WRITE_REQUIRED)]
+ ...
+
+Deleting this device is done using the command::
+
+ $ echo "remove id=0" > /dev/zloop-control
+
+The removed device can be re-added again using the same "add" command as when
+the device was first created. To fully delete a zoned device, its backing files
+should also be deleted after executing the remove command::
+
+ $ rm -r /var/local/zloop/0
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3e273c1bb749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+========================================
+zram: Compressed RAM-based block devices
+========================================
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+The zram module creates RAM-based block devices named /dev/zram<id>
+(<id> = 0, 1, ...). Pages written to these disks are compressed and stored
+in memory itself. These disks allow very fast I/O and compression provides
+good amounts of memory savings. Some of the use cases include /tmp storage,
+use as swap disks, various caches under /var and maybe many more. :)
+
+Statistics for individual zram devices are exported through sysfs nodes at
+/sys/block/zram<id>/
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+There are several ways to configure and manage zram device(-s):
+
+a) using zram and zram_control sysfs attributes
+b) using zramctl utility, provided by util-linux (util-linux@vger.kernel.org).
+
+In this document we will describe only 'manual' zram configuration steps,
+IOW, zram and zram_control sysfs attributes.
+
+In order to get a better idea about zramctl please consult util-linux
+documentation, zramctl man-page or `zramctl --help`. Please be informed
+that zram maintainers do not develop/maintain util-linux or zramctl, should
+you have any questions please contact util-linux@vger.kernel.org
+
+Following shows a typical sequence of steps for using zram.
+
+WARNING
+=======
+
+For the sake of simplicity we skip error checking parts in most of the
+examples below. However, it is your sole responsibility to handle errors.
+
+zram sysfs attributes always return negative values in case of errors.
+The list of possible return codes:
+
+======== =============================================================
+-EBUSY an attempt to modify an attribute that cannot be changed once
+ the device has been initialised. Please reset device first.
+-ENOMEM zram was not able to allocate enough memory to fulfil your
+ needs.
+-EINVAL invalid input has been provided.
+-EAGAIN re-try operation later (e.g. when attempting to run recompress
+ and writeback simultaneously).
+======== =============================================================
+
+If you use 'echo', the returned value is set by the 'echo' utility,
+and, in general case, something like::
+
+ echo foo > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
+ if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+ handle_error
+ fi
+
+should suffice.
+
+1) Load Module
+==============
+
+::
+
+ modprobe zram num_devices=4
+
+This creates 4 devices: /dev/zram{0,1,2,3}
+
+num_devices parameter is optional and tells zram how many devices should be
+pre-created. Default: 1.
+
+2) Select compression algorithm
+===============================
+
+Using comp_algorithm device attribute one can see available and
+currently selected (shown in square brackets) compression algorithms,
+or change the selected compression algorithm (once the device is initialised
+there is no way to change compression algorithm).
+
+Examples::
+
+ #show supported compression algorithms
+ cat /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
+ lzo [lz4]
+
+ #select lzo compression algorithm
+ echo lzo > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
+
+For the time being, the `comp_algorithm` content shows only compression
+algorithms that are supported by zram.
+
+3) Set compression algorithm parameters: Optional
+=================================================
+
+Compression algorithms may support specific parameters which can be
+tweaked for particular dataset. ZRAM has an `algorithm_params` device
+attribute which provides a per-algorithm params configuration.
+
+For example, several compression algorithms support `level` parameter.
+In addition, certain compression algorithms support pre-trained dictionaries,
+which significantly change algorithms' characteristics. In order to configure
+compression algorithm to use external pre-trained dictionary, pass full
+path to the `dict` along with other parameters::
+
+ #pass path to pre-trained zstd dictionary
+ echo "algo=zstd dict=/etc/dictionary" > /sys/block/zram0/algorithm_params
+
+ #same, but using algorithm priority
+ echo "priority=1 dict=/etc/dictionary" > \
+ /sys/block/zram0/algorithm_params
+
+ #pass path to pre-trained zstd dictionary and compression level
+ echo "algo=zstd level=8 dict=/etc/dictionary" > \
+ /sys/block/zram0/algorithm_params
+
+Parameters are algorithm specific: not all algorithms support pre-trained
+dictionaries, not all algorithms support `level`. Furthermore, for certain
+algorithms `level` controls the compression level (the higher the value the
+better the compression ratio, it even can take negatives values for some
+algorithms), for other algorithms `level` is acceleration level (the higher
+the value the lower the compression ratio).
+
+4) Set Disksize
+===============
+
+Set disk size by writing the value to sysfs node 'disksize'.
+The value can be either in bytes or you can use mem suffixes.
+Examples::
+
+ # Initialize /dev/zram0 with 50MB disksize
+ echo $((50*1024*1024)) > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
+
+ # Using mem suffixes
+ echo 256K > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
+ echo 512M > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
+ echo 1G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
+
+Note:
+There is little point creating a zram of greater than twice the size of memory
+since we expect a 2:1 compression ratio. Note that zram uses about 0.1% of the
+size of the disk when not in use so a huge zram is wasteful.
+
+5) Set memory limit: Optional
+=============================
+
+Set memory limit by writing the value to sysfs node 'mem_limit'.
+The value can be either in bytes or you can use mem suffixes.
+In addition, you could change the value in runtime.
+Examples::
+
+ # limit /dev/zram0 with 50MB memory
+ echo $((50*1024*1024)) > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
+
+ # Using mem suffixes
+ echo 256K > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
+ echo 512M > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
+ echo 1G > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
+
+ # To disable memory limit
+ echo 0 > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
+
+6) Activate
+===========
+
+::
+
+ mkswap /dev/zram0
+ swapon /dev/zram0
+
+ mkfs.ext4 /dev/zram1
+ mount /dev/zram1 /tmp
+
+7) Add/remove zram devices
+==========================
+
+zram provides a control interface, which enables dynamic (on-demand) device
+addition and removal.
+
+In order to add a new /dev/zramX device, perform a read operation on the hot_add
+attribute. This will return either the new device's device id (meaning that you
+can use /dev/zram<id>) or an error code.
+
+Example::
+
+ cat /sys/class/zram-control/hot_add
+ 1
+
+To remove the existing /dev/zramX device (where X is a device id)
+execute::
+
+ echo X > /sys/class/zram-control/hot_remove
+
+8) Stats
+========
+
+Per-device statistics are exported as various nodes under /sys/block/zram<id>/
+
+A brief description of exported device attributes follows. For more details
+please read Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-zram.
+
+====================== ====== ===============================================
+Name access description
+====================== ====== ===============================================
+disksize RW show and set the device's disk size
+initstate RO shows the initialization state of the device
+reset WO trigger device reset
+mem_used_max WO reset the `mem_used_max` counter (see later)
+mem_limit WO specifies the maximum amount of memory ZRAM can
+ use to store the compressed data
+writeback_limit WO specifies the maximum amount of write IO zram
+ can write out to backing device as 4KB unit
+writeback_limit_enable RW show and set writeback_limit feature
+comp_algorithm RW show and change the compression algorithm
+algorithm_params WO setup compression algorithm parameters
+compact WO trigger memory compaction
+debug_stat RO this file is used for zram debugging purposes
+backing_dev RW set up backend storage for zram to write out
+idle WO mark allocated slot as idle
+====================== ====== ===============================================
+
+
+User space is advised to use the following files to read the device statistics.
+
+File /sys/block/zram<id>/stat
+
+Represents block layer statistics. Read Documentation/block/stat.rst for
+details.
+
+File /sys/block/zram<id>/io_stat
+
+The stat file represents device's I/O statistics not accounted by block
+layer and, thus, not available in zram<id>/stat file. It consists of a
+single line of text and contains the following stats separated by
+whitespace:
+
+ ============= =============================================================
+ failed_reads The number of failed reads
+ failed_writes The number of failed writes
+ invalid_io The number of non-page-size-aligned I/O requests
+ notify_free Depending on device usage scenario it may account
+
+ a) the number of pages freed because of swap slot free
+ notifications
+ b) the number of pages freed because of
+ REQ_OP_DISCARD requests sent by bio. The former ones are
+ sent to a swap block device when a swap slot is freed,
+ which implies that this disk is being used as a swap disk.
+
+ The latter ones are sent by filesystem mounted with
+ discard option, whenever some data blocks are getting
+ discarded.
+ ============= =============================================================
+
+File /sys/block/zram<id>/mm_stat
+
+The mm_stat file represents the device's mm statistics. It consists of a single
+line of text and contains the following stats separated by whitespace:
+
+ ================ =============================================================
+ orig_data_size uncompressed size of data stored in this disk.
+ Unit: bytes
+ compr_data_size compressed size of data stored in this disk
+ mem_used_total the amount of memory allocated for this disk. This
+ includes allocator fragmentation and metadata overhead,
+ allocated for this disk. So, allocator space efficiency
+ can be calculated using compr_data_size and this statistic.
+ Unit: bytes
+ mem_limit the maximum amount of memory ZRAM can use to store
+ the compressed data
+ mem_used_max the maximum amount of memory zram has consumed to
+ store the data
+ same_pages the number of same element filled pages written to this disk.
+ No memory is allocated for such pages.
+ pages_compacted the number of pages freed during compaction
+ huge_pages the number of incompressible pages
+ huge_pages_since the number of incompressible pages since zram set up
+ ================ =============================================================
+
+File /sys/block/zram<id>/bd_stat
+
+The bd_stat file represents a device's backing device statistics. It consists of
+a single line of text and contains the following stats separated by whitespace:
+
+ ============== =============================================================
+ bd_count size of data written in backing device.
+ Unit: 4K bytes
+ bd_reads the number of reads from backing device
+ Unit: 4K bytes
+ bd_writes the number of writes to backing device
+ Unit: 4K bytes
+ ============== =============================================================
+
+9) Deactivate
+==============
+
+::
+
+ swapoff /dev/zram0
+ umount /dev/zram1
+
+10) Reset
+=========
+
+ Write any positive value to 'reset' sysfs node::
+
+ echo 1 > /sys/block/zram0/reset
+ echo 1 > /sys/block/zram1/reset
+
+ This frees all the memory allocated for the given device and
+ resets the disksize to zero. You must set the disksize again
+ before reusing the device.
+
+Optional Feature
+================
+
+IDLE pages tracking
+-------------------
+
+zram has built-in support for idle pages tracking (that is, allocated but
+not used pages). This feature is useful for e.g. zram writeback and
+recompression. In order to mark pages as idle, execute the following command::
+
+ echo all > /sys/block/zramX/idle
+
+This will mark all allocated zram pages as idle. The idle mark will be
+removed only when the page (block) is accessed (e.g. overwritten or freed).
+Additionally, when CONFIG_ZRAM_TRACK_ENTRY_ACTIME is enabled, pages can be
+marked as idle based on how many seconds have passed since the last access to
+a particular zram page::
+
+ echo 86400 > /sys/block/zramX/idle
+
+In this example, all pages which haven't been accessed in more than 86400
+seconds (one day) will be marked idle.
+
+writeback
+---------
+
+With CONFIG_ZRAM_WRITEBACK, zram can write idle/incompressible page
+to backing storage rather than keeping it in memory.
+To use the feature, admin should set up backing device via::
+
+ echo /dev/sda5 > /sys/block/zramX/backing_dev
+
+before disksize setting. It supports only partitions at this moment.
+If admin wants to use incompressible page writeback, they could do it via::
+
+ echo huge > /sys/block/zramX/writeback
+
+Admin can request writeback of idle pages at right timing via::
+
+ echo idle > /sys/block/zramX/writeback
+
+With the command, zram will writeback idle pages from memory to the storage.
+
+Additionally, if a user choose to writeback only huge and idle pages
+this can be accomplished with::
+
+ echo huge_idle > /sys/block/zramX/writeback
+
+If a user chooses to writeback only incompressible pages (pages that none of
+algorithms can compress) this can be accomplished with::
+
+ echo incompressible > /sys/block/zramX/writeback
+
+If an admin wants to write a specific page in zram device to the backing device,
+they could write a page index into the interface::
+
+ echo "page_index=1251" > /sys/block/zramX/writeback
+
+In Linux 6.16 this interface underwent some rework. First, the interface
+now supports `key=value` format for all of its parameters (`type=huge_idle`,
+etc.) Second, the support for `page_indexes` was introduced, which specify
+`LOW-HIGH` range (or ranges) of pages to be written-back. This reduces the
+number of syscalls, but more importantly this enables optimal post-processing
+target selection strategy. Usage example::
+
+ echo "type=idle" > /sys/block/zramX/writeback
+ echo "page_indexes=1-100 page_indexes=200-300" > \
+ /sys/block/zramX/writeback
+
+We also now permit multiple page_index params per call and a mix of
+single pages and page ranges::
+
+ echo page_index=42 page_index=99 page_indexes=100-200 \
+ page_indexes=500-700 > /sys/block/zramX/writeback
+
+If there are lots of write IO with flash device, potentially, it has
+flash wearout problem so that admin needs to design write limitation
+to guarantee storage health for entire product life.
+
+To overcome the concern, zram supports "writeback_limit" feature.
+The "writeback_limit_enable"'s default value is 0 so that it doesn't limit
+any writeback. IOW, if admin wants to apply writeback budget, they should
+enable writeback_limit_enable via::
+
+ $ echo 1 > /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit_enable
+
+Once writeback_limit_enable is set, zram doesn't allow any writeback
+until admin sets the budget via /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit.
+
+(If admin doesn't enable writeback_limit_enable, writeback_limit's value
+assigned via /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit is meaningless.)
+
+If admin wants to limit writeback as per-day 400M, they could do it
+like below::
+
+ $ MB_SHIFT=20
+ $ 4K_SHIFT=12
+ $ echo $((400<<MB_SHIFT>>4K_SHIFT)) > \
+ /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit.
+ $ echo 1 > /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit_enable
+
+If admins want to allow further write again once the budget is exhausted,
+they could do it like below::
+
+ $ echo $((400<<MB_SHIFT>>4K_SHIFT)) > \
+ /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit
+
+If an admin wants to see the remaining writeback budget since last set::
+
+ $ cat /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit
+
+If an admin wants to disable writeback limit, they could do::
+
+ $ echo 0 > /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit_enable
+
+The writeback_limit count will reset whenever you reset zram (e.g.,
+system reboot, echo 1 > /sys/block/zramX/reset) so keeping how many of
+writeback happened until you reset the zram to allocate extra writeback
+budget in next setting is user's job.
+
+If admin wants to measure writeback count in a certain period, they could
+know it via /sys/block/zram0/bd_stat's 3rd column.
+
+recompression
+-------------
+
+With CONFIG_ZRAM_MULTI_COMP, zram can recompress pages using alternative
+(secondary) compression algorithms. The basic idea is that alternative
+compression algorithm can provide better compression ratio at a price of
+(potentially) slower compression/decompression speeds. Alternative compression
+algorithm can, for example, be more successful compressing huge pages (those
+that default algorithm failed to compress). Another application is idle pages
+recompression - pages that are cold and sit in the memory can be recompressed
+using more effective algorithm and, hence, reduce zsmalloc memory usage.
+
+With CONFIG_ZRAM_MULTI_COMP, zram supports up to 4 compression algorithms:
+one primary and up to 3 secondary ones. Primary zram compressor is explained
+in "3) Select compression algorithm", secondary algorithms are configured
+using recomp_algorithm device attribute.
+
+Example:::
+
+ #show supported recompression algorithms
+ cat /sys/block/zramX/recomp_algorithm
+ #1: lzo lzo-rle lz4 lz4hc [zstd]
+ #2: lzo lzo-rle lz4 [lz4hc] zstd
+
+Alternative compression algorithms are sorted by priority. In the example
+above, zstd is used as the first alternative algorithm, which has priority
+of 1, while lz4hc is configured as a compression algorithm with priority 2.
+Alternative compression algorithm's priority is provided during algorithms
+configuration:::
+
+ #select zstd recompression algorithm, priority 1
+ echo "algo=zstd priority=1" > /sys/block/zramX/recomp_algorithm
+
+ #select deflate recompression algorithm, priority 2
+ echo "algo=deflate priority=2" > /sys/block/zramX/recomp_algorithm
+
+Another device attribute that CONFIG_ZRAM_MULTI_COMP enables is recompress,
+which controls recompression.
+
+Examples:::
+
+ #IDLE pages recompression is activated by `idle` mode
+ echo "type=idle" > /sys/block/zramX/recompress
+
+ #HUGE pages recompression is activated by `huge` mode
+ echo "type=huge" > /sys/block/zram0/recompress
+
+ #HUGE_IDLE pages recompression is activated by `huge_idle` mode
+ echo "type=huge_idle" > /sys/block/zramX/recompress
+
+The number of idle pages can be significant, so user-space can pass a size
+threshold (in bytes) to the recompress knob: zram will recompress only pages
+of equal or greater size:::
+
+ #recompress all pages larger than 3000 bytes
+ echo "threshold=3000" > /sys/block/zramX/recompress
+
+ #recompress idle pages larger than 2000 bytes
+ echo "type=idle threshold=2000" > /sys/block/zramX/recompress
+
+It is also possible to limit the number of pages zram re-compression will
+attempt to recompress:::
+
+ echo "type=huge_idle max_pages=42" > /sys/block/zramX/recompress
+
+During re-compression for every page, that matches re-compression criteria,
+ZRAM iterates the list of registered alternative compression algorithms in
+order of their priorities. ZRAM stops either when re-compression was
+successful (re-compressed object is smaller in size than the original one)
+and matches re-compression criteria (e.g. size threshold) or when there are
+no secondary algorithms left to try. If none of the secondary algorithms can
+successfully re-compressed the page such a page is marked as incompressible,
+so ZRAM will not attempt to re-compress it in the future.
+
+This re-compression behaviour, when it iterates through the list of
+registered compression algorithms, increases our chances of finding the
+algorithm that successfully compresses a particular page. Sometimes, however,
+it is convenient (and sometimes even necessary) to limit recompression to
+only one particular algorithm so that it will not try any other algorithms.
+This can be achieved by providing a `algo` or `priority` parameter:::
+
+ #use zstd algorithm only (if registered)
+ echo "type=huge algo=zstd" > /sys/block/zramX/recompress
+
+ #use zstd algorithm only (if zstd was registered under priority 1)
+ echo "type=huge priority=1" > /sys/block/zramX/recompress
+
+memory tracking
+===============
+
+With CONFIG_ZRAM_MEMORY_TRACKING, user can know information of the
+zram block. It could be useful to catch cold or incompressible
+pages of the process with*pagemap.
+
+If you enable the feature, you could see block state via
+/sys/kernel/debug/zram/zram0/block_state". The output is as follows::
+
+ 300 75.033841 .wh...
+ 301 63.806904 s.....
+ 302 63.806919 ..hi..
+ 303 62.801919 ....r.
+ 304 146.781902 ..hi.n
+
+First column
+ zram's block index.
+Second column
+ access time since the system was booted
+Third column
+ state of the block:
+
+ s:
+ same page
+ w:
+ written page to backing store
+ h:
+ huge page
+ i:
+ idle page
+ r:
+ recompressed page (secondary compression algorithm)
+ n:
+ none (including secondary) of algorithms could compress it
+
+First line of above example says 300th block is accessed at 75.033841sec
+and the block's state is huge so it is written back to the backing
+storage. It's a debugging feature so anyone shouldn't rely on it to work
+properly.
+
+Nitin Gupta
+ngupta@vflare.org
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7a86042c9b6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+.. _bootconfig:
+
+==================
+Boot Configuration
+==================
+
+:Author: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
+
+Overview
+========
+
+The boot configuration expands the current kernel command line to support
+additional key-value data when booting the kernel in an efficient way.
+This allows administrators to pass a structured-Key config file.
+
+Config File Syntax
+==================
+
+The boot config syntax is a simple structured key-value. Each key consists
+of dot-connected-words, and key and value are connected by ``=``. The value
+has to be terminated by semi-colon (``;``) or newline (``\n``).
+For array value, array entries are separated by comma (``,``). ::
+
+ KEY[.WORD[...]] = VALUE[, VALUE2[...]][;]
+
+Unlike the kernel command line syntax, spaces are OK around the comma and ``=``.
+
+Each key word must contain only alphabets, numbers, dash (``-``) or underscore
+(``_``). And each value only contains printable characters or spaces except
+for delimiters such as semi-colon (``;``), new-line (``\n``), comma (``,``),
+hash (``#``) and closing brace (``}``).
+
+If you want to use those delimiters in a value, you can use either double-
+quotes (``"VALUE"``) or single-quotes (``'VALUE'``) to quote it. Note that
+you can not escape these quotes.
+
+There can be a key which doesn't have value or has an empty value. Those keys
+are used for checking if the key exists or not (like a boolean).
+
+Key-Value Syntax
+----------------
+
+The boot config file syntax allows user to merge partially same word keys
+by brace. For example::
+
+ foo.bar.baz = value1
+ foo.bar.qux.quux = value2
+
+These can be written also in::
+
+ foo.bar {
+ baz = value1
+ qux.quux = value2
+ }
+
+Or more shorter, written as following::
+
+ foo.bar { baz = value1; qux.quux = value2 }
+
+In both styles, same key words are automatically merged when parsing it
+at boot time. So you can append similar trees or key-values.
+
+Same-key Values
+---------------
+
+It is prohibited that two or more values or arrays share a same-key.
+For example,::
+
+ foo = bar, baz
+ foo = qux # !ERROR! we can not re-define same key
+
+If you want to update the value, you must use the override operator
+``:=`` explicitly. For example::
+
+ foo = bar, baz
+ foo := qux
+
+then, the ``qux`` is assigned to ``foo`` key. This is useful for
+overriding the default value by adding (partial) custom bootconfigs
+without parsing the default bootconfig.
+
+If you want to append the value to existing key as an array member,
+you can use ``+=`` operator. For example::
+
+ foo = bar, baz
+ foo += qux
+
+In this case, the key ``foo`` has ``bar``, ``baz`` and ``qux``.
+
+Moreover, sub-keys and a value can coexist under a parent key.
+For example, following config is allowed.::
+
+ foo = value1
+ foo.bar = value2
+ foo := value3 # This will update foo's value.
+
+Note, since there is no syntax to put a raw value directly under a
+structured key, you have to define it outside of the brace. For example::
+
+ foo {
+ bar = value1
+ bar {
+ baz = value2
+ qux = value3
+ }
+ }
+
+Also, the order of the value node under a key is fixed. If there
+are a value and subkeys, the value is always the first child node
+of the key. Thus if user specifies subkeys first, e.g.::
+
+ foo.bar = value1
+ foo = value2
+
+In the program (and /proc/bootconfig), it will be shown as below::
+
+ foo = value2
+ foo.bar = value1
+
+Comments
+--------
+
+The config syntax accepts shell-script style comments. The comments starting
+with hash ("#") until newline ("\n") will be ignored.
+
+::
+
+ # comment line
+ foo = value # value is set to foo.
+ bar = 1, # 1st element
+ 2, # 2nd element
+ 3 # 3rd element
+
+This is parsed as below::
+
+ foo = value
+ bar = 1, 2, 3
+
+Note that you can not put a comment between value and delimiter(``,`` or
+``;``). This means following config has a syntax error ::
+
+ key = 1 # comment
+ ,2
+
+
+/proc/bootconfig
+================
+
+/proc/bootconfig is a user-space interface of the boot config.
+Unlike /proc/cmdline, this file shows the key-value style list.
+Each key-value pair is shown in each line with following style::
+
+ KEY[.WORDS...] = "[VALUE]"[,"VALUE2"...]
+
+
+Boot Kernel With a Boot Config
+==============================
+
+There are two options to boot the kernel with bootconfig: attaching the
+bootconfig to the initrd image or embedding it in the kernel itself.
+
+Attaching a Boot Config to Initrd
+---------------------------------
+
+Since the boot configuration file is loaded with initrd by default,
+it will be added to the end of the initrd (initramfs) image file with
+padding, size, checksum and 12-byte magic word as below.
+
+[initrd][bootconfig][padding][size(le32)][checksum(le32)][#BOOTCONFIG\n]
+
+The size and checksum fields are unsigned 32bit little endian value.
+
+When the boot configuration is added to the initrd image, the total
+file size is aligned to 4 bytes. To fill the gap, null characters
+(``\0``) will be added. Thus the ``size`` is the length of the bootconfig
+file + padding bytes.
+
+The Linux kernel decodes the last part of the initrd image in memory to
+get the boot configuration data.
+Because of this "piggyback" method, there is no need to change or
+update the boot loader and the kernel image itself as long as the boot
+loader passes the correct initrd file size. If by any chance, the boot
+loader passes a longer size, the kernel fails to find the bootconfig data.
+
+To do this operation, Linux kernel provides ``bootconfig`` command under
+tools/bootconfig, which allows admin to apply or delete the config file
+to/from initrd image. You can build it by the following command::
+
+ # make -C tools/bootconfig
+
+To add your boot config file to initrd image, run bootconfig as below
+(Old data is removed automatically if exists)::
+
+ # tools/bootconfig/bootconfig -a your-config /boot/initrd.img-X.Y.Z
+
+To remove the config from the image, you can use -d option as below::
+
+ # tools/bootconfig/bootconfig -d /boot/initrd.img-X.Y.Z
+
+Then add "bootconfig" on the normal kernel command line to tell the
+kernel to look for the bootconfig at the end of the initrd file.
+Alternatively, build your kernel with the ``CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_FORCE``
+Kconfig option selected.
+
+Embedding a Boot Config into Kernel
+-----------------------------------
+
+If you can not use initrd, you can also embed the bootconfig file in the
+kernel by Kconfig options. In this case, you need to recompile the kernel
+with the following configs::
+
+ CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED=y
+ CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED_FILE="/PATH/TO/BOOTCONFIG/FILE"
+
+``CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED_FILE`` requires an absolute path or a relative
+path to the bootconfig file from source tree or object tree.
+The kernel will embed it as the default bootconfig.
+
+Just as when attaching the bootconfig to the initrd, you need ``bootconfig``
+option on the kernel command line to enable the embedded bootconfig, or,
+alternatively, build your kernel with the ``CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_FORCE``
+Kconfig option selected.
+
+Note that even if you set this option, you can override the embedded
+bootconfig by another bootconfig which attached to the initrd.
+
+Kernel parameters via Boot Config
+=================================
+
+In addition to the kernel command line, the boot config can be used for
+passing the kernel parameters. All the key-value pairs under ``kernel``
+key will be passed to kernel cmdline directly. Moreover, the key-value
+pairs under ``init`` will be passed to init process via the cmdline.
+The parameters are concatenated with user-given kernel cmdline string
+as the following order, so that the command line parameter can override
+bootconfig parameters (this depends on how the subsystem handles parameters
+but in general, earlier parameter will be overwritten by later one.)::
+
+ [bootconfig params][cmdline params] -- [bootconfig init params][cmdline init params]
+
+Here is an example of the bootconfig file for kernel/init parameters.::
+
+ kernel {
+ root = 01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcd
+ }
+ init {
+ splash
+ }
+
+This will be copied into the kernel cmdline string as the following::
+
+ root="01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcd" -- splash
+
+If user gives some other command line like,::
+
+ ro bootconfig -- quiet
+
+The final kernel cmdline will be the following::
+
+ root="01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcd" ro bootconfig -- splash quiet
+
+
+Config File Limitation
+======================
+
+Currently the maximum config size is 32KB and the total key-words (not
+key-value entries) must be under 1024 nodes.
+Note: this is not the number of entries but nodes, an entry must consume
+more than 2 nodes (a key-word and a value). So theoretically, it will be
+up to 512 key-value pairs. If keys contains 3 words in average, it can
+contain 256 key-value pairs. In most cases, the number of config items
+will be under 100 entries and smaller than 8KB, so it would be enough.
+If the node number exceeds 1024, parser returns an error even if the file
+size is smaller than 32KB. (Note that this maximum size is not including
+the padding null characters.)
+Anyway, since bootconfig command verifies it when appending a boot config
+to initrd image, user can notice it before boot.
+
+
+Bootconfig APIs
+===============
+
+User can query or loop on key-value pairs, also it is possible to find
+a root (prefix) key node and find key-values under that node.
+
+If you have a key string, you can query the value directly with the key
+using xbc_find_value(). If you want to know what keys exist in the boot
+config, you can use xbc_for_each_key_value() to iterate key-value pairs.
+Note that you need to use xbc_array_for_each_value() for accessing
+each array's value, e.g.::
+
+ vnode = NULL;
+ xbc_find_value("key.word", &vnode);
+ if (vnode && xbc_node_is_array(vnode))
+ xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, value) {
+ printk("%s ", value);
+ }
+
+If you want to focus on keys which have a prefix string, you can use
+xbc_find_node() to find a node by the prefix string, and iterate
+keys under the prefix node with xbc_node_for_each_key_value().
+
+But the most typical usage is to get the named value under prefix
+or get the named array under prefix as below::
+
+ root = xbc_find_node("key.prefix");
+ value = xbc_node_find_value(root, "option", &vnode);
+ ...
+ xbc_node_for_each_array_value(root, "array-option", value, anode) {
+ ...
+ }
+
+This accesses a value of "key.prefix.option" and an array of
+"key.prefix.array-option".
+
+Locking is not needed, since after initialization, the config becomes
+read-only. All data and keys must be copied if you need to modify it.
+
+
+Functions and structures
+========================
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bootconfig.h
+.. kernel-doc:: lib/bootconfig.c
+
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/braille-console.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/braille-console.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..153472e93cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/braille-console.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+Linux Braille Console
+=====================
+
+To get early boot messages on a braille device (before userspace screen
+readers can start), you first need to compile the support for the usual serial
+console (see :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst <serial_console>`), and
+for braille device
+(in :menuselection:`Device Drivers --> Accessibility support --> Console on braille device`).
+
+Then you need to specify a ``console=brl``, option on the kernel command line, the
+format is::
+
+ console=brl,serial_options...
+
+where ``serial_options...`` are the same as described in
+:ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst <serial_console>`.
+
+So for instance you can use ``console=brl,ttyS0`` if the braille device is connected to the first serial port, and ``console=brl,ttyS0,115200`` to
+override the baud rate to 115200, etc.
+
+By default, the braille device will just show the last kernel message (console
+mode). To review previous messages, press the Insert key to switch to the VT
+review mode. In review mode, the arrow keys permit to browse in the VT content,
+`PAGE-UP`/`PAGE-DOWN` keys go at the top/bottom of the screen, and
+the `HOME` key goes back
+to the cursor, hence providing very basic screen reviewing facility.
+
+Sound feedback can be obtained by adding the ``braille_console.sound=1`` kernel
+parameter.
+
+For simplicity, only one braille console can be enabled, other uses of
+``console=brl,...`` will be discarded. Also note that it does not interfere with
+the console selection mechanism described in
+:ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst <serial_console>`.
+
+For now, only the VisioBraille device is supported.
+
+Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/btmrvl.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/btmrvl.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ec57740ead0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/btmrvl.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+=============
+btmrvl driver
+=============
+
+All commands are used via debugfs interface.
+
+Set/get driver configurations
+=============================
+
+Path: /debug/btmrvl/config/
+
+gpiogap=[n], hscfgcmd
+ These commands are used to configure the host sleep parameters::
+ bit 8:0 -- Gap
+ bit 16:8 -- GPIO
+
+ where GPIO is the pin number of GPIO used to wake up the host.
+ It could be any valid GPIO pin# (e.g. 0-7) or 0xff (SDIO interface
+ wakeup will be used instead).
+
+ where Gap is the gap in milli seconds between wakeup signal and
+ wakeup event, or 0xff for special host sleep setting.
+
+ Usage::
+
+ # Use SDIO interface to wake up the host and set GAP to 0x80:
+ echo 0xff80 > /debug/btmrvl/config/gpiogap
+ echo 1 > /debug/btmrvl/config/hscfgcmd
+
+ # Use GPIO pin #3 to wake up the host and set GAP to 0xff:
+ echo 0x03ff > /debug/btmrvl/config/gpiogap
+ echo 1 > /debug/btmrvl/config/hscfgcmd
+
+psmode=[n], pscmd
+ These commands are used to enable/disable auto sleep mode
+
+ where the option is::
+
+ 1 -- Enable auto sleep mode
+ 0 -- Disable auto sleep mode
+
+ Usage::
+
+ # Enable auto sleep mode
+ echo 1 > /debug/btmrvl/config/psmode
+ echo 1 > /debug/btmrvl/config/pscmd
+
+ # Disable auto sleep mode
+ echo 0 > /debug/btmrvl/config/psmode
+ echo 1 > /debug/btmrvl/config/pscmd
+
+
+hsmode=[n], hscmd
+ These commands are used to enable host sleep or wake up firmware
+
+ where the option is::
+
+ 1 -- Enable host sleep
+ 0 -- Wake up firmware
+
+ Usage::
+
+ # Enable host sleep
+ echo 1 > /debug/btmrvl/config/hsmode
+ echo 1 > /debug/btmrvl/config/hscmd
+
+ # Wake up firmware
+ echo 0 > /debug/btmrvl/config/hsmode
+ echo 1 > /debug/btmrvl/config/hscmd
+
+
+Get driver status
+=================
+
+Path: /debug/btmrvl/status/
+
+Usage::
+
+ cat /debug/btmrvl/status/<args>
+
+where the args are:
+
+curpsmode
+ This command displays current auto sleep status.
+
+psstate
+ This command display the power save state.
+
+hsstate
+ This command display the host sleep state.
+
+txdnldrdy
+ This command displays the value of Tx download ready flag.
+
+Issuing a raw hci command
+=========================
+
+Use hcitool to issue raw hci command, refer to hcitool manual
+
+Usage::
+
+ Hcitool cmd <ogf> <ocf> [Parameters]
+
+Interface Control Command::
+
+ hcitool cmd 0x3f 0x5b 0xf5 0x01 0x00 --Enable All interface
+ hcitool cmd 0x3f 0x5b 0xf5 0x01 0x01 --Enable Wlan interface
+ hcitool cmd 0x3f 0x5b 0xf5 0x01 0x02 --Enable BT interface
+ hcitool cmd 0x3f 0x5b 0xf5 0x00 0x00 --Disable All interface
+ hcitool cmd 0x3f 0x5b 0xf5 0x00 0x01 --Disable Wlan interface
+ hcitool cmd 0x3f 0x5b 0xf5 0x00 0x02 --Disable BT interface
+
+SD8688 firmware
+===============
+
+Images:
+
+- /lib/firmware/sd8688_helper.bin
+- /lib/firmware/sd8688.bin
+
+
+The images can be downloaded from:
+
+git.infradead.org/users/dwmw2/linux-firmware.git/libertas/
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-bisect.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-bisect.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f4f867cabb17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-bisect.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR CC-BY-4.0)
+.. [see the bottom of this file for redistribution information]
+
+======================
+Bisecting a regression
+======================
+
+This document describes how to use a ``git bisect`` to find the source code
+change that broke something -- for example when some functionality stopped
+working after upgrading from Linux 6.0 to 6.1.
+
+The text focuses on the gist of the process. If you are new to bisecting the
+kernel, better follow Documentation/admin-guide/verify-bugs-and-bisect-regressions.rst
+instead: it depicts everything from start to finish while covering multiple
+aspects even kernel developers occasionally forget. This includes detecting
+situations early where a bisection would be a waste of time, as nobody would
+care about the result -- for example, because the problem happens after the
+kernel marked itself as 'tainted', occurs in an abandoned version, was already
+fixed, or is caused by a .config change you or your Linux distributor performed.
+
+Finding the change causing a kernel issue using a bisection
+===========================================================
+
+*Note: the following process assumes you prepared everything for a bisection.
+This includes having a Git clone with the appropriate sources, installing the
+software required to build and install kernels, as well as a .config file stored
+in a safe place (the following example assumes '~/prepared_kernel_.config') to
+use as pristine base at each bisection step; ideally, you have also worked out
+a fully reliable and straight-forward way to reproduce the regression, too.*
+
+* Preparation: start the bisection and tell Git about the points in the history
+ you consider to be working and broken, which Git calls 'good' and 'bad'::
+
+ git bisect start
+ git bisect good v6.0
+ git bisect bad v6.1
+
+ Instead of Git tags like 'v6.0' and 'v6.1' you can specify commit-ids, too.
+
+1. Copy your prepared .config into the build directory and adjust it to the
+ needs of the codebase Git checked out for testing::
+
+ cp ~/prepared_kernel_.config .config
+ make olddefconfig
+
+2. Now build, install, and boot a kernel. This might fail for unrelated reasons,
+ for example, when a compile error happens at the current stage of the
+ bisection a later change resolves. In such cases run ``git bisect skip`` and
+ go back to step 1.
+
+3. Check if the functionality that regressed works in the kernel you just built.
+
+ If it works, execute::
+
+ git bisect good
+
+ If it is broken, run::
+
+ git bisect bad
+
+ Note, getting this wrong just once will send the rest of the bisection
+ totally off course. To prevent having to start anew later you thus want to
+ ensure what you tell Git is correct; it is thus often wise to spend a few
+ minutes more on testing in case your reproducer is unreliable.
+
+ After issuing one of these two commands, Git will usually check out another
+ bisection point and print something like 'Bisecting: 675 revisions left to
+ test after this (roughly 10 steps)'. In that case go back to step 1.
+
+ If Git instead prints something like 'cafecaca0c0dacafecaca0c0dacafecaca0c0da
+ is the first bad commit', then you have finished the bisection. In that case
+ move to the next point below. Note, right after displaying that line Git will
+ show some details about the culprit including its patch description; this can
+ easily fill your terminal, so you might need to scroll up to see the message
+ mentioning the culprit's commit-id.
+
+ In case you missed Git's output, you can always run ``git bisect log`` to
+ print the status: it will show how many steps remain or mention the result of
+ the bisection.
+
+* Recommended complementary task: put the bisection log and the current .config
+ file aside for the bug report; furthermore tell Git to reset the sources to
+ the state before the bisection::
+
+ git bisect log > ~/bisection-log
+ cp .config ~/bisection-config-culprit
+ git bisect reset
+
+* Recommended optional task: try reverting the culprit on top of the latest
+ codebase and check if that fixes your bug; if that is the case, it validates
+ the bisection and enables developers to resolve the regression through a
+ revert.
+
+ To try this, update your clone and check out latest mainline. Then tell Git
+ to revert the change by specifying its commit-id::
+
+ git revert --no-edit cafec0cacaca0
+
+ Git might reject this, for example when the bisection landed on a merge
+ commit. In that case, abandon the attempt. Do the same, if Git fails to revert
+ the culprit on its own because later changes depend on it -- at least unless
+ you bisected a stable or longterm kernel series, in which case you want to
+ check out its latest codebase and try a revert there.
+
+ If a revert succeeds, build and test another kernel to check if reverting
+ resolved your regression.
+
+With that the process is complete. Now report the regression as described by
+Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst.
+
+Bisecting linux-next
+--------------------
+
+If you face a problem only happening in linux-next, bisect between the
+linux-next branches 'stable' and 'master'. The following commands will start
+the process for a linux-next tree you added as a remote called 'next'::
+
+ git bisect start
+ git bisect good next/stable
+ git bisect bad next/master
+
+The 'stable' branch refers to the state of linux-mainline that the current
+linux-next release (found in the 'master' branch) is based on -- the former
+thus should be free of any problems that show up in -next, but not in Linus'
+tree.
+
+This will bisect across a wide range of changes, some of which you might have
+used in earlier linux-next releases without problems. Sadly there is no simple
+way to avoid checking them: bisecting from one linux-next release to a later
+one (say between 'next-20241020' and 'next-20241021') is impossible, as they
+share no common history.
+
+Additional reading material
+---------------------------
+
+* The `man page for 'git bisect' <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-bisect>`_ and
+ `fighting regressions with 'git bisect' <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-bisect-lk2009.html>`_
+ in the Git documentation.
+* `Working with git bisect <https://nathanchance.dev/posts/working-with-git-bisect/>`_
+ from kernel developer Nathan Chancellor.
+* `Using Git bisect to figure out when brokenness was introduced <http://webchick.net/node/99>`_.
+* `Fully automated bisecting with 'git bisect run' <https://lwn.net/Articles/317154>`_.
+
+..
+ end-of-content
+..
+ This document is maintained by Thorsten Leemhuis <linux@leemhuis.info>. If
+ you spot a typo or small mistake, feel free to let him know directly and
+ he'll fix it. You are free to do the same in a mostly informal way if you
+ want to contribute changes to the text -- but for copyright reasons please CC
+ linux-doc@vger.kernel.org and 'sign-off' your contribution as
+ Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst explains in the section 'Sign
+ your work - the Developer's Certificate of Origin'.
+..
+ This text is available under GPL-2.0+ or CC-BY-4.0, as stated at the top
+ of the file. If you want to distribute this text under CC-BY-4.0 only,
+ please use 'The Linux kernel development community' for author attribution
+ and link this as source:
+ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/plain/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-bisect.rst
+
+..
+ Note: Only the content of this RST file as found in the Linux kernel sources
+ is available under CC-BY-4.0, as versions of this text that were processed
+ (for example by the kernel's build system) might contain content taken from
+ files which use a more restrictive license.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7da0504388ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+Bug hunting
+===========
+
+Kernel bug reports often come with a stack dump like the one below::
+
+ ------------[ cut here ]------------
+ WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 28102 at kernel/module.c:1108 module_put+0x57/0x70
+ Modules linked in: dvb_usb_gp8psk(-) dvb_usb dvb_core nvidia_drm(PO) nvidia_modeset(PO) snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec snd_hwdep snd_hda_core snd_pcm snd_timer snd soundcore nvidia(PO) [last unloaded: rc_core]
+ CPU: 1 PID: 28102 Comm: rmmod Tainted: P WC O 4.8.4-build.1 #1
+ Hardware name: MSI MS-7309/MS-7309, BIOS V1.12 02/23/2009
+ 00000000 c12ba080 00000000 00000000 c103ed6a c1616014 00000001 00006dc6
+ c1615862 00000454 c109e8a7 c109e8a7 00000009 ffffffff 00000000 f13f6a10
+ f5f5a600 c103ee33 00000009 00000000 00000000 c109e8a7 f80ca4d0 c109f617
+ Call Trace:
+ [<c12ba080>] ? dump_stack+0x44/0x64
+ [<c103ed6a>] ? __warn+0xfa/0x120
+ [<c109e8a7>] ? module_put+0x57/0x70
+ [<c109e8a7>] ? module_put+0x57/0x70
+ [<c103ee33>] ? warn_slowpath_null+0x23/0x30
+ [<c109e8a7>] ? module_put+0x57/0x70
+ [<f80ca4d0>] ? gp8psk_fe_set_frontend+0x460/0x460 [dvb_usb_gp8psk]
+ [<c109f617>] ? symbol_put_addr+0x27/0x50
+ [<f80bc9ca>] ? dvb_usb_adapter_frontend_exit+0x3a/0x70 [dvb_usb]
+ [<f80bb3bf>] ? dvb_usb_exit+0x2f/0xd0 [dvb_usb]
+ [<c13d03bc>] ? usb_disable_endpoint+0x7c/0xb0
+ [<f80bb48a>] ? dvb_usb_device_exit+0x2a/0x50 [dvb_usb]
+ [<c13d2882>] ? usb_unbind_interface+0x62/0x250
+ [<c136b514>] ? __pm_runtime_idle+0x44/0x70
+ [<c13620d8>] ? __device_release_driver+0x78/0x120
+ [<c1362907>] ? driver_detach+0x87/0x90
+ [<c1361c48>] ? bus_remove_driver+0x38/0x90
+ [<c13d1c18>] ? usb_deregister+0x58/0xb0
+ [<c109fbb0>] ? SyS_delete_module+0x130/0x1f0
+ [<c1055654>] ? task_work_run+0x64/0x80
+ [<c1000fa5>] ? exit_to_usermode_loop+0x85/0x90
+ [<c10013f0>] ? do_fast_syscall_32+0x80/0x130
+ [<c1549f43>] ? sysenter_past_esp+0x40/0x6a
+ ---[ end trace 6ebc60ef3981792f ]---
+
+Such stack traces provide enough information to identify the line inside the
+Kernel's source code where the bug happened. Depending on the severity of
+the issue, it may also contain the word **Oops**, as on this one::
+
+ BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at (null)
+ IP: [<c06969d4>] iret_exc+0x7d0/0xa59
+ *pdpt = 000000002258a001 *pde = 0000000000000000
+ Oops: 0002 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
+ ...
+
+Despite being an **Oops** or some other sort of stack trace, the offended
+line is usually required to identify and handle the bug. Along this chapter,
+we'll refer to "Oops" for all kinds of stack traces that need to be analyzed.
+
+If the kernel is compiled with ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO``, you can enhance the
+quality of the stack trace by using file:`scripts/decode_stacktrace.sh`.
+
+Modules linked in
+-----------------
+
+Modules that are tainted or are being loaded or unloaded are marked with
+"(...)", where the taint flags are described in
+file:`Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst`, "being loaded" is
+annotated with "+", and "being unloaded" is annotated with "-".
+
+
+Where is the Oops message is located?
+-------------------------------------
+
+Normally the Oops text is read from the kernel buffers by klogd and
+handed to ``syslogd`` which writes it to a syslog file, typically
+``/var/log/messages`` (depends on ``/etc/syslog.conf``). On systems with
+systemd, it may also be stored by the ``journald`` daemon, and accessed
+by running ``journalctl`` command.
+
+Sometimes ``klogd`` dies, in which case you can run ``dmesg > file`` to
+read the data from the kernel buffers and save it. Or you can
+``cat /proc/kmsg > file``, however you have to break in to stop the transfer,
+since ``kmsg`` is a "never ending file".
+
+If the machine has crashed so badly that you cannot enter commands or
+the disk is not available then you have three options:
+
+(1) Hand copy the text from the screen and type it in after the machine
+ has restarted. Messy but it is the only option if you have not
+ planned for a crash. Alternatively, you can take a picture of
+ the screen with a digital camera - not nice, but better than
+ nothing. If the messages scroll off the top of the console, you
+ may find that booting with a higher resolution (e.g., ``vga=791``)
+ will allow you to read more of the text. (Caveat: This needs ``vesafb``,
+ so won't help for 'early' oopses.)
+
+(2) Boot with a serial console (see
+ :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst <serial_console>`),
+ run a null modem to a second machine and capture the output there
+ using your favourite communication program. Minicom works well.
+
+(3) Use Kdump (see Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/kdump.rst),
+ extract the kernel ring buffer from old memory with using dmesg
+ gdbmacro in Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/gdbmacros.txt.
+
+Finding the bug's location
+--------------------------
+
+Reporting a bug works best if you point the location of the bug at the
+Kernel source file. There are two methods for doing that. Usually, using
+``gdb`` is easier, but the Kernel should be pre-compiled with debug info.
+
+gdb
+^^^
+
+The GNU debugger (``gdb``) is the best way to figure out the exact file and line
+number of the OOPS from the ``vmlinux`` file.
+
+The usage of gdb works best on a kernel compiled with ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO``.
+This can be set by running::
+
+ $ ./scripts/config -d COMPILE_TEST -e DEBUG_KERNEL -e DEBUG_INFO
+
+On a kernel compiled with ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO``, you can simply copy the
+EIP value from the OOPS::
+
+ EIP: 0060:[<c021e50e>] Not tainted VLI
+
+And use GDB to translate that to human-readable form::
+
+ $ gdb vmlinux
+ (gdb) l *0xc021e50e
+
+If you don't have ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO`` enabled, you use the function
+offset from the OOPS::
+
+ EIP is at vt_ioctl+0xda8/0x1482
+
+And recompile the kernel with ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO`` enabled::
+
+ $ ./scripts/config -d COMPILE_TEST -e DEBUG_KERNEL -e DEBUG_INFO
+ $ make vmlinux
+ $ gdb vmlinux
+ (gdb) l *vt_ioctl+0xda8
+ 0x1888 is in vt_ioctl (drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c:293).
+ 288 {
+ 289 struct vc_data *vc = NULL;
+ 290 int ret = 0;
+ 291
+ 292 console_lock();
+ 293 if (VT_BUSY(vc_num))
+ 294 ret = -EBUSY;
+ 295 else if (vc_num)
+ 296 vc = vc_deallocate(vc_num);
+ 297 console_unlock();
+
+or, if you want to be more verbose::
+
+ (gdb) p vt_ioctl
+ $1 = {int (struct tty_struct *, unsigned int, unsigned long)} 0xae0 <vt_ioctl>
+ (gdb) l *0xae0+0xda8
+
+You could, instead, use the object file::
+
+ $ make drivers/tty/
+ $ gdb drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.o
+ (gdb) l *vt_ioctl+0xda8
+
+If you have a call trace, such as::
+
+ Call Trace:
+ [<ffffffff8802c8e9>] :jbd:log_wait_commit+0xa3/0xf5
+ [<ffffffff810482d9>] autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x2e
+ [<ffffffff8802770b>] :jbd:journal_stop+0x1be/0x1ee
+ ...
+
+this shows the problem likely is in the :jbd: module. You can load that module
+in gdb and list the relevant code::
+
+ $ gdb fs/jbd/jbd.ko
+ (gdb) l *log_wait_commit+0xa3
+
+.. note::
+
+ You can also do the same for any function call at the stack trace,
+ like this one::
+
+ [<f80bc9ca>] ? dvb_usb_adapter_frontend_exit+0x3a/0x70 [dvb_usb]
+
+ The position where the above call happened can be seen with::
+
+ $ gdb drivers/media/usb/dvb-usb/dvb-usb.o
+ (gdb) l *dvb_usb_adapter_frontend_exit+0x3a
+
+objdump
+^^^^^^^
+
+To debug a kernel, use objdump and look for the hex offset from the crash
+output to find the valid line of code/assembler. Without debug symbols, you
+will see the assembler code for the routine shown, but if your kernel has
+debug symbols the C code will also be available. (Debug symbols can be enabled
+in the kernel hacking menu of the menu configuration.) For example::
+
+ $ objdump -r -S -l --disassemble net/ipv4/tcp.o
+
+.. note::
+
+ You need to be at the top level of the kernel tree for this to pick up
+ your C files.
+
+If you don't have access to the source code you can still debug some crash
+dumps using the following method (example crash dump output as shown by
+Dave Miller)::
+
+ EIP is at +0x14/0x4c0
+ ...
+ Code: 44 24 04 e8 6f 05 00 00 e9 e8 fe ff ff 8d 76 00 8d bc 27 00 00
+ 00 00 55 57 56 53 81 ec bc 00 00 00 8b ac 24 d0 00 00 00 8b 5d 08
+ <8b> 83 3c 01 00 00 89 44 24 14 8b 45 28 85 c0 89 44 24 18 0f 85
+
+ Put the bytes into a "foo.s" file like this:
+
+ .text
+ .globl foo
+ foo:
+ .byte .... /* bytes from Code: part of OOPS dump */
+
+ Compile it with "gcc -c -o foo.o foo.s" then look at the output of
+ "objdump --disassemble foo.o".
+
+ Output:
+
+ ip_queue_xmit:
+ push %ebp
+ push %edi
+ push %esi
+ push %ebx
+ sub $0xbc, %esp
+ mov 0xd0(%esp), %ebp ! %ebp = arg0 (skb)
+ mov 0x8(%ebp), %ebx ! %ebx = skb->sk
+ mov 0x13c(%ebx), %eax ! %eax = inet_sk(sk)->opt
+
+file:`scripts/decodecode` can be used to automate most of this, depending
+on what CPU architecture is being debugged.
+
+Reporting the bug
+-----------------
+
+Once you find where the bug happened, by inspecting its location,
+you could either try to fix it yourself or report it upstream.
+
+In order to report it upstream, you should identify the bug tracker, if any, or
+mailing list used for the development of the affected code. This can be done by
+using the ``get_maintainer.pl`` script.
+
+For example, if you find a bug at the gspca's sonixj.c file, you can get
+its maintainers with::
+
+ $ ./scripts/get_maintainer.pl --bug -f drivers/media/usb/gspca/sonixj.c
+ Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@kernel.org> (odd fixer:GSPCA USB WEBCAM DRIVER,commit_signer:1/1=100%)
+ Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> (maintainer:MEDIA INPUT INFRASTRUCTURE (V4L/DVB),commit_signer:1/1=100%)
+ Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> (commit_signer:1/1=100%)
+ Bhaktipriya Shridhar <bhaktipriya96@gmail.com> (commit_signer:1/1=100%,authored:1/1=100%,added_lines:4/4=100%,removed_lines:9/9=100%)
+ linux-media@vger.kernel.org (open list:GSPCA USB WEBCAM DRIVER)
+ linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org (open list)
+
+Please notice that it will point to:
+
+- The last developers that touched the source code (if this is done inside
+ a git tree). On the above example, Tejun and Bhaktipriya (in this
+ specific case, none really involved on the development of this file);
+- The driver maintainer (Hans Verkuil);
+- The subsystem maintainer (Mauro Carvalho Chehab);
+- The driver and/or subsystem mailing list (linux-media@vger.kernel.org);
+- The Linux Kernel mailing list (linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org);
+- The bug reporting URIs for the driver/subsystem (none in the above example).
+
+If the listing contains bug reporting URIs at the end, please prefer them over
+email. Otherwise, please report bugs to the mailing list used for the
+development of the code (linux-media ML) copying the driver maintainer (Hans).
+
+If you are totally stumped as to whom to send the report, and
+``get_maintainer.pl`` didn't provide you anything useful, send it to
+linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org.
+
+Thanks for your help in making Linux as stable as humanly possible.
+
+Fixing the bug
+--------------
+
+If you know programming, you could help us by not only reporting the bug,
+but also providing us with a solution. After all, open source is about
+sharing what you do and don't you want to be recognised for your genius?
+
+If you decide to take this way, once you have worked out a fix please submit
+it upstream.
+
+Please do read
+:ref:`Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst <submittingpatches>` though
+to help your code get accepted.
+
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Notes on Oops tracing with ``klogd``
+------------------------------------
+
+In order to help Linus and the other kernel developers there has been
+substantial support incorporated into ``klogd`` for processing protection
+faults. In order to have full support for address resolution at least
+version 1.3-pl3 of the ``sysklogd`` package should be used.
+
+When a protection fault occurs the ``klogd`` daemon automatically
+translates important addresses in the kernel log messages to their
+symbolic equivalents. This translated kernel message is then
+forwarded through whatever reporting mechanism ``klogd`` is using. The
+protection fault message can be simply cut out of the message files
+and forwarded to the kernel developers.
+
+Two types of address resolution are performed by ``klogd``. The first is
+static translation and the second is dynamic translation.
+Static translation uses the System.map file.
+In order to do static translation the ``klogd`` daemon
+must be able to find a system map file at daemon initialization time.
+See the klogd man page for information on how ``klogd`` searches for map
+files.
+
+Dynamic address translation is important when kernel loadable modules
+are being used. Since memory for kernel modules is allocated from the
+kernel's dynamic memory pools there are no fixed locations for either
+the start of the module or for functions and symbols in the module.
+
+The kernel supports system calls which allow a program to determine
+which modules are loaded and their location in memory. Using these
+system calls the klogd daemon builds a symbol table which can be used
+to debug a protection fault which occurs in a loadable kernel module.
+
+At the very minimum klogd will provide the name of the module which
+generated the protection fault. There may be additional symbolic
+information available if the developer of the loadable module chose to
+export symbol information from the module.
+
+Since the kernel module environment can be dynamic there must be a
+mechanism for notifying the ``klogd`` daemon when a change in module
+environment occurs. There are command line options available which
+allow klogd to signal the currently executing daemon that symbol
+information should be refreshed. See the ``klogd`` manual page for more
+information.
+
+A patch is included with the sysklogd distribution which modifies the
+``modules-2.0.0`` package to automatically signal klogd whenever a module
+is loaded or unloaded. Applying this patch provides essentially
+seamless support for debugging protection faults which occur with
+kernel loadable modules.
+
+The following is an example of a protection fault in a loadable module
+processed by ``klogd``::
+
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address f15e97cc
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: current->tss.cr3 = 0062d000, %cr3 = 0062d000
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: *pde = 00000000
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Oops: 0002
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: CPU: 0
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: EIP: 0010:[oops:_oops+16/3868]
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: EFLAGS: 00010212
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: eax: 315e97cc ebx: 003a6f80 ecx: 001be77b edx: 00237c0c
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: esi: 00000000 edi: bffffdb3 ebp: 00589f90 esp: 00589f8c
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: ds: 0018 es: 0018 fs: 002b gs: 002b ss: 0018
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Process oops_test (pid: 3374, process nr: 21, stackpage=00589000)
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Stack: 315e97cc 00589f98 0100b0b4 bffffed4 0012e38e 00240c64 003a6f80 00000001
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: 00000000 00237810 bfffff00 0010a7fa 00000003 00000001 00000000 bfffff00
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: bffffdb3 bffffed4 ffffffda 0000002b 0007002b 0000002b 0000002b 00000036
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Call Trace: [oops:_oops_ioctl+48/80] [_sys_ioctl+254/272] [_system_call+82/128]
+ Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Code: c7 00 05 00 00 00 eb 08 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 89 ec 5d c3
+
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dabb80cdd25a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+===================
+Block IO Controller
+===================
+
+Overview
+========
+cgroup subsys "blkio" implements the block io controller. There seems to be
+a need of various kinds of IO control policies (like proportional BW, max BW)
+both at leaf nodes as well as at intermediate nodes in a storage hierarchy.
+Plan is to use the same cgroup based management interface for blkio controller
+and based on user options switch IO policies in the background.
+
+One IO control policy is throttling policy which can be used to
+specify upper IO rate limits on devices. This policy is implemented in
+generic block layer and can be used on leaf nodes as well as higher
+level logical devices like device mapper.
+
+HOWTO
+=====
+
+Throttling/Upper Limit policy
+-----------------------------
+Enable Block IO controller::
+
+ CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP=y
+
+Enable throttling in block layer::
+
+ CONFIG_BLK_DEV_THROTTLING=y
+
+Mount blkio controller (see cgroups.txt, Why are cgroups needed?)::
+
+ mount -t cgroup -o blkio none /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio
+
+Specify a bandwidth rate on particular device for root group. The format
+for policy is "<major>:<minor> <bytes_per_second>"::
+
+ echo "8:16 1048576" > /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio/blkio.throttle.read_bps_device
+
+This will put a limit of 1MB/second on reads happening for root group
+on device having major/minor number 8:16.
+
+Run dd to read a file and see if rate is throttled to 1MB/s or not::
+
+ # dd iflag=direct if=/mnt/common/zerofile of=/dev/null bs=4K count=1024
+ 1024+0 records in
+ 1024+0 records out
+ 4194304 bytes (4.2 MB) copied, 4.0001 s, 1.0 MB/s
+
+Limits for writes can be put using blkio.throttle.write_bps_device file.
+
+Hierarchical Cgroups
+====================
+
+Throttling implements hierarchy support; however,
+throttling's hierarchy support is enabled iff "sane_behavior" is
+enabled from cgroup side, which currently is a development option and
+not publicly available.
+
+If somebody created a hierarchy like as follows::
+
+ root
+ / \
+ test1 test2
+ |
+ test3
+
+Throttling with "sane_behavior" will handle the
+hierarchy correctly. For throttling, all limits apply
+to the whole subtree while all statistics are local to the IOs
+directly generated by tasks in that cgroup.
+
+Throttling without "sane_behavior" enabled from cgroup side will
+practically treat all groups at same level as if it looks like the
+following::
+
+ pivot
+ / / \ \
+ root test1 test2 test3
+
+Various user visible config options
+===================================
+
+ CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP
+ Block IO controller.
+
+ CONFIG_BFQ_CGROUP_DEBUG
+ Debug help. Right now some additional stats file show up in cgroup
+ if this option is enabled.
+
+ CONFIG_BLK_DEV_THROTTLING
+ Enable block device throttling support in block layer.
+
+Details of cgroup files
+=======================
+
+Proportional weight policy files
+--------------------------------
+
+ blkio.bfq.weight
+ Specifies per cgroup weight. This is default weight of the group
+ on all the devices until and unless overridden by per device rule
+ (see `blkio.bfq.weight_device` below).
+
+ Currently allowed range of weights is from 1 to 1000. For more details,
+ see Documentation/block/bfq-iosched.rst.
+
+ blkio.bfq.weight_device
+ Specifies per cgroup per device weights, overriding the default group
+ weight. For more details, see Documentation/block/bfq-iosched.rst.
+
+ Following is the format::
+
+ # echo dev_maj:dev_minor weight > blkio.bfq.weight_device
+
+ Configure weight=300 on /dev/sdb (8:16) in this cgroup::
+
+ # echo 8:16 300 > blkio.bfq.weight_device
+ # cat blkio.bfq.weight_device
+ dev weight
+ 8:16 300
+
+ Configure weight=500 on /dev/sda (8:0) in this cgroup::
+
+ # echo 8:0 500 > blkio.bfq.weight_device
+ # cat blkio.bfq.weight_device
+ dev weight
+ 8:0 500
+ 8:16 300
+
+ Remove specific weight for /dev/sda in this cgroup::
+
+ # echo 8:0 0 > blkio.bfq.weight_device
+ # cat blkio.bfq.weight_device
+ dev weight
+ 8:16 300
+
+ blkio.time
+ Disk time allocated to cgroup per device in milliseconds. First
+ two fields specify the major and minor number of the device and
+ third field specifies the disk time allocated to group in
+ milliseconds.
+
+ blkio.sectors
+ Number of sectors transferred to/from disk by the group. First
+ two fields specify the major and minor number of the device and
+ third field specifies the number of sectors transferred by the
+ group to/from the device.
+
+ blkio.io_service_bytes
+ Number of bytes transferred to/from the disk by the group. These
+ are further divided by the type of operation - read or write, sync
+ or async. First two fields specify the major and minor number of the
+ device, third field specifies the operation type and the fourth field
+ specifies the number of bytes.
+
+ blkio.io_serviced
+ Number of IOs (bio) issued to the disk by the group. These
+ are further divided by the type of operation - read or write, sync
+ or async. First two fields specify the major and minor number of the
+ device, third field specifies the operation type and the fourth field
+ specifies the number of IOs.
+
+ blkio.io_service_time
+ Total amount of time between request dispatch and request completion
+ for the IOs done by this cgroup. This is in nanoseconds to make it
+ meaningful for flash devices too. For devices with queue depth of 1,
+ this time represents the actual service time. When queue_depth > 1,
+ that is no longer true as requests may be served out of order. This
+ may cause the service time for a given IO to include the service time
+ of multiple IOs when served out of order which may result in total
+ io_service_time > actual time elapsed. This time is further divided by
+ the type of operation - read or write, sync or async. First two fields
+ specify the major and minor number of the device, third field
+ specifies the operation type and the fourth field specifies the
+ io_service_time in ns.
+
+ blkio.io_wait_time
+ Total amount of time the IOs for this cgroup spent waiting in the
+ scheduler queues for service. This can be greater than the total time
+ elapsed since it is cumulative io_wait_time for all IOs. It is not a
+ measure of total time the cgroup spent waiting but rather a measure of
+ the wait_time for its individual IOs. For devices with queue_depth > 1
+ this metric does not include the time spent waiting for service once
+ the IO is dispatched to the device but till it actually gets serviced
+ (there might be a time lag here due to re-ordering of requests by the
+ device). This is in nanoseconds to make it meaningful for flash
+ devices too. This time is further divided by the type of operation -
+ read or write, sync or async. First two fields specify the major and
+ minor number of the device, third field specifies the operation type
+ and the fourth field specifies the io_wait_time in ns.
+
+ blkio.io_merged
+ Total number of bios/requests merged into requests belonging to this
+ cgroup. This is further divided by the type of operation - read or
+ write, sync or async.
+
+ blkio.io_queued
+ Total number of requests queued up at any given instant for this
+ cgroup. This is further divided by the type of operation - read or
+ write, sync or async.
+
+ blkio.avg_queue_size
+ Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_BFQ_CGROUP_DEBUG=y.
+ The average queue size for this cgroup over the entire time of this
+ cgroup's existence. Queue size samples are taken each time one of the
+ queues of this cgroup gets a timeslice.
+
+ blkio.group_wait_time
+ Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_BFQ_CGROUP_DEBUG=y.
+ This is the amount of time the cgroup had to wait since it became busy
+ (i.e., went from 0 to 1 request queued) to get a timeslice for one of
+ its queues. This is different from the io_wait_time which is the
+ cumulative total of the amount of time spent by each IO in that cgroup
+ waiting in the scheduler queue. This is in nanoseconds. If this is
+ read when the cgroup is in a waiting (for timeslice) state, the stat
+ will only report the group_wait_time accumulated till the last time it
+ got a timeslice and will not include the current delta.
+
+ blkio.empty_time
+ Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_BFQ_CGROUP_DEBUG=y.
+ This is the amount of time a cgroup spends without any pending
+ requests when not being served, i.e., it does not include any time
+ spent idling for one of the queues of the cgroup. This is in
+ nanoseconds. If this is read when the cgroup is in an empty state,
+ the stat will only report the empty_time accumulated till the last
+ time it had a pending request and will not include the current delta.
+
+ blkio.idle_time
+ Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_BFQ_CGROUP_DEBUG=y.
+ This is the amount of time spent by the IO scheduler idling for a
+ given cgroup in anticipation of a better request than the existing ones
+ from other queues/cgroups. This is in nanoseconds. If this is read
+ when the cgroup is in an idling state, the stat will only report the
+ idle_time accumulated till the last idle period and will not include
+ the current delta.
+
+ blkio.dequeue
+ Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_BFQ_CGROUP_DEBUG=y. This
+ gives the statistics about how many a times a group was dequeued
+ from service tree of the device. First two fields specify the major
+ and minor number of the device and third field specifies the number
+ of times a group was dequeued from a particular device.
+
+ blkio.*_recursive
+ Recursive version of various stats. These files show the
+ same information as their non-recursive counterparts but
+ include stats from all the descendant cgroups.
+
+Throttling/Upper limit policy files
+-----------------------------------
+ blkio.throttle.read_bps_device
+ Specifies upper limit on READ rate from the device. IO rate is
+ specified in bytes per second. Rules are per device. Following is
+ the format::
+
+ echo "<major>:<minor> <rate_bytes_per_second>" > /cgrp/blkio.throttle.read_bps_device
+
+ blkio.throttle.write_bps_device
+ Specifies upper limit on WRITE rate to the device. IO rate is
+ specified in bytes per second. Rules are per device. Following is
+ the format::
+
+ echo "<major>:<minor> <rate_bytes_per_second>" > /cgrp/blkio.throttle.write_bps_device
+
+ blkio.throttle.read_iops_device
+ Specifies upper limit on READ rate from the device. IO rate is
+ specified in IO per second. Rules are per device. Following is
+ the format::
+
+ echo "<major>:<minor> <rate_io_per_second>" > /cgrp/blkio.throttle.read_iops_device
+
+ blkio.throttle.write_iops_device
+ Specifies upper limit on WRITE rate to the device. IO rate is
+ specified in io per second. Rules are per device. Following is
+ the format::
+
+ echo "<major>:<minor> <rate_io_per_second>" > /cgrp/blkio.throttle.write_iops_device
+
+ Note: If both BW and IOPS rules are specified for a device, then IO is
+ subjected to both the constraints.
+
+ blkio.throttle.io_serviced
+ Number of IOs (bio) issued to the disk by the group. These
+ are further divided by the type of operation - read or write, sync
+ or async. First two fields specify the major and minor number of the
+ device, third field specifies the operation type and the fourth field
+ specifies the number of IOs.
+
+ blkio.throttle.io_service_bytes
+ Number of bytes transferred to/from the disk by the group. These
+ are further divided by the type of operation - read or write, sync
+ or async. First two fields specify the major and minor number of the
+ device, third field specifies the operation type and the fourth field
+ specifies the number of bytes.
+
+Common files among various policies
+-----------------------------------
+ blkio.reset_stats
+ Writing an int to this file will result in resetting all the stats
+ for that cgroup.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cgroups.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cgroups.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..463f98453323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cgroups.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,697 @@
+==============
+Control Groups
+==============
+
+Written by Paul Menage <menage@google.com> based on
+Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.rst
+
+Original copyright statements from cpusets.txt:
+
+Portions Copyright (C) 2004 BULL SA.
+
+Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
+
+Modified by Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
+
+Modified by Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+
+.. CONTENTS:
+
+ 1. Control Groups
+ 1.1 What are cgroups ?
+ 1.2 Why are cgroups needed ?
+ 1.3 How are cgroups implemented ?
+ 1.4 What does notify_on_release do ?
+ 1.5 What does clone_children do ?
+ 1.6 How do I use cgroups ?
+ 2. Usage Examples and Syntax
+ 2.1 Basic Usage
+ 2.2 Attaching processes
+ 2.3 Mounting hierarchies by name
+ 3. Kernel API
+ 3.1 Overview
+ 3.2 Synchronization
+ 3.3 Subsystem API
+ 4. Extended attributes usage
+ 5. Questions
+
+1. Control Groups
+=================
+
+1.1 What are cgroups ?
+----------------------
+
+Control Groups provide a mechanism for aggregating/partitioning sets of
+tasks, and all their future children, into hierarchical groups with
+specialized behaviour.
+
+Definitions:
+
+A *cgroup* associates a set of tasks with a set of parameters for one
+or more subsystems.
+
+A *subsystem* is a module that makes use of the task grouping
+facilities provided by cgroups to treat groups of tasks in
+particular ways. A subsystem is typically a "resource controller" that
+schedules a resource or applies per-cgroup limits, but it may be
+anything that wants to act on a group of processes, e.g. a
+virtualization subsystem.
+
+A *hierarchy* is a set of cgroups arranged in a tree, such that
+every task in the system is in exactly one of the cgroups in the
+hierarchy, and a set of subsystems; each subsystem has system-specific
+state attached to each cgroup in the hierarchy. Each hierarchy has
+an instance of the cgroup virtual filesystem associated with it.
+
+At any one time there may be multiple active hierarchies of task
+cgroups. Each hierarchy is a partition of all tasks in the system.
+
+User-level code may create and destroy cgroups by name in an
+instance of the cgroup virtual file system, specify and query to
+which cgroup a task is assigned, and list the task PIDs assigned to
+a cgroup. Those creations and assignments only affect the hierarchy
+associated with that instance of the cgroup file system.
+
+On their own, the only use for cgroups is for simple job
+tracking. The intention is that other subsystems hook into the generic
+cgroup support to provide new attributes for cgroups, such as
+accounting/limiting the resources which processes in a cgroup can
+access. For example, cpusets (see Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.rst) allow
+you to associate a set of CPUs and a set of memory nodes with the
+tasks in each cgroup.
+
+.. _cgroups-why-needed:
+
+1.2 Why are cgroups needed ?
+----------------------------
+
+There are multiple efforts to provide process aggregations in the
+Linux kernel, mainly for resource-tracking purposes. Such efforts
+include cpusets, CKRM/ResGroups, UserBeanCounters, and virtual server
+namespaces. These all require the basic notion of a
+grouping/partitioning of processes, with newly forked processes ending
+up in the same group (cgroup) as their parent process.
+
+The kernel cgroup patch provides the minimum essential kernel
+mechanisms required to efficiently implement such groups. It has
+minimal impact on the system fast paths, and provides hooks for
+specific subsystems such as cpusets to provide additional behaviour as
+desired.
+
+Multiple hierarchy support is provided to allow for situations where
+the division of tasks into cgroups is distinctly different for
+different subsystems - having parallel hierarchies allows each
+hierarchy to be a natural division of tasks, without having to handle
+complex combinations of tasks that would be present if several
+unrelated subsystems needed to be forced into the same tree of
+cgroups.
+
+At one extreme, each resource controller or subsystem could be in a
+separate hierarchy; at the other extreme, all subsystems
+would be attached to the same hierarchy.
+
+As an example of a scenario (originally proposed by vatsa@in.ibm.com)
+that can benefit from multiple hierarchies, consider a large
+university server with various users - students, professors, system
+tasks etc. The resource planning for this server could be along the
+following lines::
+
+ CPU : "Top cpuset"
+ / \
+ CPUSet1 CPUSet2
+ | |
+ (Professors) (Students)
+
+ In addition (system tasks) are attached to topcpuset (so
+ that they can run anywhere) with a limit of 20%
+
+ Memory : Professors (50%), Students (30%), system (20%)
+
+ Disk : Professors (50%), Students (30%), system (20%)
+
+ Network : WWW browsing (20%), Network File System (60%), others (20%)
+ / \
+ Professors (15%) students (5%)
+
+Browsers like Firefox/Lynx go into the WWW network class, while (k)nfsd goes
+into the NFS network class.
+
+At the same time Firefox/Lynx will share an appropriate CPU/Memory class
+depending on who launched it (prof/student).
+
+With the ability to classify tasks differently for different resources
+(by putting those resource subsystems in different hierarchies),
+the admin can easily set up a script which receives exec notifications
+and depending on who is launching the browser he can::
+
+ # echo browser_pid > /sys/fs/cgroup/<restype>/<userclass>/tasks
+
+With only a single hierarchy, he now would potentially have to create
+a separate cgroup for every browser launched and associate it with
+appropriate network and other resource class. This may lead to
+proliferation of such cgroups.
+
+Also let's say that the administrator would like to give enhanced network
+access temporarily to a student's browser (since it is night and the user
+wants to do online gaming :)) OR give one of the student's simulation
+apps enhanced CPU power.
+
+With ability to write PIDs directly to resource classes, it's just a
+matter of::
+
+ # echo pid > /sys/fs/cgroup/network/<new_class>/tasks
+ (after some time)
+ # echo pid > /sys/fs/cgroup/network/<orig_class>/tasks
+
+Without this ability, the administrator would have to split the cgroup into
+multiple separate ones and then associate the new cgroups with the
+new resource classes.
+
+
+
+1.3 How are cgroups implemented ?
+---------------------------------
+
+Control Groups extends the kernel as follows:
+
+ - Each task in the system has a reference-counted pointer to a
+ css_set.
+
+ - A css_set contains a set of reference-counted pointers to
+ cgroup_subsys_state objects, one for each cgroup subsystem
+ registered in the system. There is no direct link from a task to
+ the cgroup of which it's a member in each hierarchy, but this
+ can be determined by following pointers through the
+ cgroup_subsys_state objects. This is because accessing the
+ subsystem state is something that's expected to happen frequently
+ and in performance-critical code, whereas operations that require a
+ task's actual cgroup assignments (in particular, moving between
+ cgroups) are less common. A linked list runs through the cg_list
+ field of each task_struct using the css_set, anchored at
+ css_set->tasks.
+
+ - A cgroup hierarchy filesystem can be mounted for browsing and
+ manipulation from user space.
+
+ - You can list all the tasks (by PID) attached to any cgroup.
+
+The implementation of cgroups requires a few, simple hooks
+into the rest of the kernel, none in performance-critical paths:
+
+ - in init/main.c, to initialize the root cgroups and initial
+ css_set at system boot.
+
+ - in fork and exit, to attach and detach a task from its css_set.
+
+In addition, a new file system of type "cgroup" may be mounted, to
+enable browsing and modifying the cgroups presently known to the
+kernel. When mounting a cgroup hierarchy, you may specify a
+comma-separated list of subsystems to mount as the filesystem mount
+options. By default, mounting the cgroup filesystem attempts to
+mount a hierarchy containing all registered subsystems.
+
+If an active hierarchy with exactly the same set of subsystems already
+exists, it will be reused for the new mount. If no existing hierarchy
+matches, and any of the requested subsystems are in use in an existing
+hierarchy, the mount will fail with -EBUSY. Otherwise, a new hierarchy
+is activated, associated with the requested subsystems.
+
+It's not currently possible to bind a new subsystem to an active
+cgroup hierarchy, or to unbind a subsystem from an active cgroup
+hierarchy. This may be possible in future, but is fraught with nasty
+error-recovery issues.
+
+When a cgroup filesystem is unmounted, if there are any
+child cgroups created below the top-level cgroup, that hierarchy
+will remain active even though unmounted; if there are no
+child cgroups then the hierarchy will be deactivated.
+
+No new system calls are added for cgroups - all support for
+querying and modifying cgroups is via this cgroup file system.
+
+Each task under /proc has an added file named 'cgroup' displaying,
+for each active hierarchy, the subsystem names and the cgroup name
+as the path relative to the root of the cgroup file system.
+
+Each cgroup is represented by a directory in the cgroup file system
+containing the following files describing that cgroup:
+
+ - tasks: list of tasks (by PID) attached to that cgroup. This list
+ is not guaranteed to be sorted. Writing a thread ID into this file
+ moves the thread into this cgroup.
+ - cgroup.procs: list of thread group IDs in the cgroup. This list is
+ not guaranteed to be sorted or free of duplicate TGIDs, and userspace
+ should sort/uniquify the list if this property is required.
+ Writing a thread group ID into this file moves all threads in that
+ group into this cgroup.
+ - notify_on_release flag: run the release agent on exit?
+ - release_agent: the path to use for release notifications (this file
+ exists in the top cgroup only)
+
+Other subsystems such as cpusets may add additional files in each
+cgroup dir.
+
+New cgroups are created using the mkdir system call or shell
+command. The properties of a cgroup, such as its flags, are
+modified by writing to the appropriate file in that cgroups
+directory, as listed above.
+
+The named hierarchical structure of nested cgroups allows partitioning
+a large system into nested, dynamically changeable, "soft-partitions".
+
+The attachment of each task, automatically inherited at fork by any
+children of that task, to a cgroup allows organizing the work load
+on a system into related sets of tasks. A task may be re-attached to
+any other cgroup, if allowed by the permissions on the necessary
+cgroup file system directories.
+
+When a task is moved from one cgroup to another, it gets a new
+css_set pointer - if there's an already existing css_set with the
+desired collection of cgroups then that group is reused, otherwise a new
+css_set is allocated. The appropriate existing css_set is located by
+looking into a hash table.
+
+To allow access from a cgroup to the css_sets (and hence tasks)
+that comprise it, a set of cg_cgroup_link objects form a lattice;
+each cg_cgroup_link is linked into a list of cg_cgroup_links for
+a single cgroup on its cgrp_link_list field, and a list of
+cg_cgroup_links for a single css_set on its cg_link_list.
+
+Thus the set of tasks in a cgroup can be listed by iterating over
+each css_set that references the cgroup, and sub-iterating over
+each css_set's task set.
+
+The use of a Linux virtual file system (vfs) to represent the
+cgroup hierarchy provides for a familiar permission and name space
+for cgroups, with a minimum of additional kernel code.
+
+1.4 What does notify_on_release do ?
+------------------------------------
+
+If the notify_on_release flag is enabled (1) in a cgroup, then
+whenever the last task in the cgroup leaves (exits or attaches to
+some other cgroup) and the last child cgroup of that cgroup
+is removed, then the kernel runs the command specified by the contents
+of the "release_agent" file in that hierarchy's root directory,
+supplying the pathname (relative to the mount point of the cgroup
+file system) of the abandoned cgroup. This enables automatic
+removal of abandoned cgroups. The default value of
+notify_on_release in the root cgroup at system boot is disabled
+(0). The default value of other cgroups at creation is the current
+value of their parents' notify_on_release settings. The default value of
+a cgroup hierarchy's release_agent path is empty.
+
+1.5 What does clone_children do ?
+---------------------------------
+
+This flag only affects the cpuset controller. If the clone_children
+flag is enabled (1) in a cgroup, a new cpuset cgroup will copy its
+configuration from the parent during initialization.
+
+1.6 How do I use cgroups ?
+--------------------------
+
+To start a new job that is to be contained within a cgroup, using
+the "cpuset" cgroup subsystem, the steps are something like::
+
+ 1) mount -t tmpfs cgroup_root /sys/fs/cgroup
+ 2) mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ 3) mount -t cgroup -ocpuset cpuset /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ 4) Create the new cgroup by doing mkdir's and write's (or echo's) in
+ the /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset virtual file system.
+ 5) Start a task that will be the "founding father" of the new job.
+ 6) Attach that task to the new cgroup by writing its PID to the
+ /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset tasks file for that cgroup.
+ 7) fork, exec or clone the job tasks from this founding father task.
+
+For example, the following sequence of commands will setup a cgroup
+named "Charlie", containing just CPUs 2 and 3, and Memory Node 1,
+and then start a subshell 'sh' in that cgroup::
+
+ mount -t tmpfs cgroup_root /sys/fs/cgroup
+ mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ mount -t cgroup cpuset -ocpuset /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ cd /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ mkdir Charlie
+ cd Charlie
+ /bin/echo 2-3 > cpuset.cpus
+ /bin/echo 1 > cpuset.mems
+ /bin/echo $$ > tasks
+ sh
+ # The subshell 'sh' is now running in cgroup Charlie
+ # The next line should display '/Charlie'
+ cat /proc/self/cgroup
+
+2. Usage Examples and Syntax
+============================
+
+2.1 Basic Usage
+---------------
+
+Creating, modifying, using cgroups can be done through the cgroup
+virtual filesystem.
+
+To mount a cgroup hierarchy with all available subsystems, type::
+
+ # mount -t cgroup xxx /sys/fs/cgroup
+
+The "xxx" is not interpreted by the cgroup code, but will appear in
+/proc/mounts so may be any useful identifying string that you like.
+
+Note: Some subsystems do not work without some user input first. For instance,
+if cpusets are enabled the user will have to populate the cpus and mems files
+for each new cgroup created before that group can be used.
+
+As explained in section `1.2 Why are cgroups needed?` you should create
+different hierarchies of cgroups for each single resource or group of
+resources you want to control. Therefore, you should mount a tmpfs on
+/sys/fs/cgroup and create directories for each cgroup resource or resource
+group::
+
+ # mount -t tmpfs cgroup_root /sys/fs/cgroup
+ # mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/rg1
+
+To mount a cgroup hierarchy with just the cpuset and memory
+subsystems, type::
+
+ # mount -t cgroup -o cpuset,memory hier1 /sys/fs/cgroup/rg1
+
+While remounting cgroups is currently supported, it is not recommend
+to use it. Remounting allows changing bound subsystems and
+release_agent. Rebinding is hardly useful as it only works when the
+hierarchy is empty and release_agent itself should be replaced with
+conventional fsnotify. The support for remounting will be removed in
+the future.
+
+To Specify a hierarchy's release_agent::
+
+ # mount -t cgroup -o cpuset,release_agent="/sbin/cpuset_release_agent" \
+ xxx /sys/fs/cgroup/rg1
+
+Note that specifying 'release_agent' more than once will return failure.
+
+Note that changing the set of subsystems is currently only supported
+when the hierarchy consists of a single (root) cgroup. Supporting
+the ability to arbitrarily bind/unbind subsystems from an existing
+cgroup hierarchy is intended to be implemented in the future.
+
+Then under /sys/fs/cgroup/rg1 you can find a tree that corresponds to the
+tree of the cgroups in the system. For instance, /sys/fs/cgroup/rg1
+is the cgroup that holds the whole system.
+
+If you want to change the value of release_agent::
+
+ # echo "/sbin/new_release_agent" > /sys/fs/cgroup/rg1/release_agent
+
+It can also be changed via remount.
+
+If you want to create a new cgroup under /sys/fs/cgroup/rg1::
+
+ # cd /sys/fs/cgroup/rg1
+ # mkdir my_cgroup
+
+Now you want to do something with this cgroup:
+
+ # cd my_cgroup
+
+In this directory you can find several files::
+
+ # ls
+ cgroup.procs notify_on_release tasks
+ (plus whatever files added by the attached subsystems)
+
+Now attach your shell to this cgroup::
+
+ # /bin/echo $$ > tasks
+
+You can also create cgroups inside your cgroup by using mkdir in this
+directory::
+
+ # mkdir my_sub_cs
+
+To remove a cgroup, just use rmdir::
+
+ # rmdir my_sub_cs
+
+This will fail if the cgroup is in use (has cgroups inside, or
+has processes attached, or is held alive by other subsystem-specific
+reference).
+
+2.2 Attaching processes
+-----------------------
+
+::
+
+ # /bin/echo PID > tasks
+
+Note that it is PID, not PIDs. You can only attach ONE task at a time.
+If you have several tasks to attach, you have to do it one after another::
+
+ # /bin/echo PID1 > tasks
+ # /bin/echo PID2 > tasks
+ ...
+ # /bin/echo PIDn > tasks
+
+You can attach the current shell task by echoing 0::
+
+ # echo 0 > tasks
+
+You can use the cgroup.procs file instead of the tasks file to move all
+threads in a threadgroup at once. Echoing the PID of any task in a
+threadgroup to cgroup.procs causes all tasks in that threadgroup to be
+attached to the cgroup. Writing 0 to cgroup.procs moves all tasks
+in the writing task's threadgroup.
+
+Note: Since every task is always a member of exactly one cgroup in each
+mounted hierarchy, to remove a task from its current cgroup you must
+move it into a new cgroup (possibly the root cgroup) by writing to the
+new cgroup's tasks file.
+
+Note: Due to some restrictions enforced by some cgroup subsystems, moving
+a process to another cgroup can fail.
+
+2.3 Mounting hierarchies by name
+--------------------------------
+
+Passing the name=<x> option when mounting a cgroups hierarchy
+associates the given name with the hierarchy. This can be used when
+mounting a pre-existing hierarchy, in order to refer to it by name
+rather than by its set of active subsystems. Each hierarchy is either
+nameless, or has a unique name.
+
+The name should match [\w.-]+
+
+When passing a name=<x> option for a new hierarchy, you need to
+specify subsystems manually; the legacy behaviour of mounting all
+subsystems when none are explicitly specified is not supported when
+you give a subsystem a name.
+
+The name of the subsystem appears as part of the hierarchy description
+in /proc/mounts and /proc/<pid>/cgroups.
+
+
+3. Kernel API
+=============
+
+3.1 Overview
+------------
+
+Each kernel subsystem that wants to hook into the generic cgroup
+system needs to create a cgroup_subsys object. This contains
+various methods, which are callbacks from the cgroup system, along
+with a subsystem ID which will be assigned by the cgroup system.
+
+Other fields in the cgroup_subsys object include:
+
+- subsys_id: a unique array index for the subsystem, indicating which
+ entry in cgroup->subsys[] this subsystem should be managing.
+
+- name: should be initialized to a unique subsystem name. Should be
+ no longer than MAX_CGROUP_TYPE_NAMELEN.
+
+- early_init: indicate if the subsystem needs early initialization
+ at system boot.
+
+Each cgroup object created by the system has an array of pointers,
+indexed by subsystem ID; this pointer is entirely managed by the
+subsystem; the generic cgroup code will never touch this pointer.
+
+3.2 Synchronization
+-------------------
+
+There is a global mutex, cgroup_mutex, used by the cgroup
+system. This should be taken by anything that wants to modify a
+cgroup. It may also be taken to prevent cgroups from being
+modified, but more specific locks may be more appropriate in that
+situation.
+
+See kernel/cgroup.c for more details.
+
+Subsystems can take/release the cgroup_mutex via the functions
+cgroup_lock()/cgroup_unlock().
+
+Accessing a task's cgroup pointer may be done in the following ways:
+- while holding cgroup_mutex
+- while holding the task's alloc_lock (via task_lock())
+- inside an rcu_read_lock() section via rcu_dereference()
+
+3.3 Subsystem API
+-----------------
+
+Each subsystem should:
+
+- add an entry in linux/cgroup_subsys.h
+- define a cgroup_subsys object called <name>_cgrp_subsys
+
+Each subsystem may export the following methods. The only mandatory
+methods are css_alloc/free. Any others that are null are presumed to
+be successful no-ops.
+
+``struct cgroup_subsys_state *css_alloc(struct cgroup *cgrp)``
+(cgroup_mutex held by caller)
+
+Called to allocate a subsystem state object for a cgroup. The
+subsystem should allocate its subsystem state object for the passed
+cgroup, returning a pointer to the new object on success or a
+ERR_PTR() value. On success, the subsystem pointer should point to
+a structure of type cgroup_subsys_state (typically embedded in a
+larger subsystem-specific object), which will be initialized by the
+cgroup system. Note that this will be called at initialization to
+create the root subsystem state for this subsystem; this case can be
+identified by the passed cgroup object having a NULL parent (since
+it's the root of the hierarchy) and may be an appropriate place for
+initialization code.
+
+``int css_online(struct cgroup *cgrp)``
+(cgroup_mutex held by caller)
+
+Called after @cgrp successfully completed all allocations and made
+visible to cgroup_for_each_child/descendant_*() iterators. The
+subsystem may choose to fail creation by returning -errno. This
+callback can be used to implement reliable state sharing and
+propagation along the hierarchy. See the comment on
+cgroup_for_each_live_descendant_pre() for details.
+
+``void css_offline(struct cgroup *cgrp);``
+(cgroup_mutex held by caller)
+
+This is the counterpart of css_online() and called iff css_online()
+has succeeded on @cgrp. This signifies the beginning of the end of
+@cgrp. @cgrp is being removed and the subsystem should start dropping
+all references it's holding on @cgrp. When all references are dropped,
+cgroup removal will proceed to the next step - css_free(). After this
+callback, @cgrp should be considered dead to the subsystem.
+
+``void css_free(struct cgroup *cgrp)``
+(cgroup_mutex held by caller)
+
+The cgroup system is about to free @cgrp; the subsystem should free
+its subsystem state object. By the time this method is called, @cgrp
+is completely unused; @cgrp->parent is still valid. (Note - can also
+be called for a newly-created cgroup if an error occurs after this
+subsystem's create() method has been called for the new cgroup).
+
+``int can_attach(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cgroup_taskset *tset)``
+(cgroup_mutex held by caller)
+
+Called prior to moving one or more tasks into a cgroup; if the
+subsystem returns an error, this will abort the attach operation.
+@tset contains the tasks to be attached and is guaranteed to have at
+least one task in it.
+
+If there are multiple tasks in the taskset, then:
+ - it's guaranteed that all are from the same thread group
+ - @tset contains all tasks from the thread group whether or not
+ they're switching cgroups
+ - the first task is the leader
+
+Each @tset entry also contains the task's old cgroup and tasks which
+aren't switching cgroup can be skipped easily using the
+cgroup_taskset_for_each() iterator. Note that this isn't called on a
+fork. If this method returns 0 (success) then this should remain valid
+while the caller holds cgroup_mutex and it is ensured that either
+attach() or cancel_attach() will be called in future.
+
+``void css_reset(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)``
+(cgroup_mutex held by caller)
+
+An optional operation which should restore @css's configuration to the
+initial state. This is currently only used on the unified hierarchy
+when a subsystem is disabled on a cgroup through
+"cgroup.subtree_control" but should remain enabled because other
+subsystems depend on it. cgroup core makes such a css invisible by
+removing the associated interface files and invokes this callback so
+that the hidden subsystem can return to the initial neutral state.
+This prevents unexpected resource control from a hidden css and
+ensures that the configuration is in the initial state when it is made
+visible again later.
+
+``void cancel_attach(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cgroup_taskset *tset)``
+(cgroup_mutex held by caller)
+
+Called when a task attach operation has failed after can_attach() has succeeded.
+A subsystem whose can_attach() has some side-effects should provide this
+function, so that the subsystem can implement a rollback. If not, not necessary.
+This will be called only about subsystems whose can_attach() operation have
+succeeded. The parameters are identical to can_attach().
+
+``void attach(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cgroup_taskset *tset)``
+(cgroup_mutex held by caller)
+
+Called after the task has been attached to the cgroup, to allow any
+post-attachment activity that requires memory allocations or blocking.
+The parameters are identical to can_attach().
+
+``void fork(struct task_struct *task)``
+
+Called when a task is forked into a cgroup.
+
+``void exit(struct task_struct *task)``
+
+Called during task exit.
+
+``void free(struct task_struct *task)``
+
+Called when the task_struct is freed.
+
+``void bind(struct cgroup *root)``
+(cgroup_mutex held by caller)
+
+Called when a cgroup subsystem is rebound to a different hierarchy
+and root cgroup. Currently this will only involve movement between
+the default hierarchy (which never has sub-cgroups) and a hierarchy
+that is being created/destroyed (and hence has no sub-cgroups).
+
+4. Extended attribute usage
+===========================
+
+cgroup filesystem supports certain types of extended attributes in its
+directories and files. The current supported types are:
+
+ - Trusted (XATTR_TRUSTED)
+ - Security (XATTR_SECURITY)
+
+Both require CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability to set.
+
+Like in tmpfs, the extended attributes in cgroup filesystem are stored
+using kernel memory and it's advised to keep the usage at minimum. This
+is the reason why user defined extended attributes are not supported, since
+any user can do it and there's no limit in the value size.
+
+The current known users for this feature are SELinux to limit cgroup usage
+in containers and systemd for assorted meta data like main PID in a cgroup
+(systemd creates a cgroup per service).
+
+5. Questions
+============
+
+::
+
+ Q: what's up with this '/bin/echo' ?
+ A: bash's builtin 'echo' command does not check calls to write() against
+ errors. If you use it in the cgroup file system, you won't be
+ able to tell whether a command succeeded or failed.
+
+ Q: When I attach processes, only the first of the line gets really attached !
+ A: We can only return one error code per call to write(). So you should also
+ put only ONE PID.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpuacct.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpuacct.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d30ed81d2ad7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpuacct.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+=========================
+CPU Accounting Controller
+=========================
+
+The CPU accounting controller is used to group tasks using cgroups and
+account the CPU usage of these groups of tasks.
+
+The CPU accounting controller supports multi-hierarchy groups. An accounting
+group accumulates the CPU usage of all of its child groups and the tasks
+directly present in its group.
+
+Accounting groups can be created by first mounting the cgroup filesystem::
+
+ # mount -t cgroup -ocpuacct none /sys/fs/cgroup
+
+With the above step, the initial or the parent accounting group becomes
+visible at /sys/fs/cgroup. At bootup, this group includes all the tasks in
+the system. /sys/fs/cgroup/tasks lists the tasks in this cgroup.
+/sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct.usage gives the CPU time (in nanoseconds) obtained
+by this group which is essentially the CPU time obtained by all the tasks
+in the system.
+
+New accounting groups can be created under the parent group /sys/fs/cgroup::
+
+ # cd /sys/fs/cgroup
+ # mkdir g1
+ # echo $$ > g1/tasks
+
+The above steps create a new group g1 and move the current shell
+process (bash) into it. CPU time consumed by this bash and its children
+can be obtained from g1/cpuacct.usage and the same is accumulated in
+/sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct.usage also.
+
+cpuacct.stat file lists a few statistics which further divide the
+CPU time obtained by the cgroup into user and system times. Currently
+the following statistics are supported:
+
+user: Time spent by tasks of the cgroup in user mode.
+system: Time spent by tasks of the cgroup in kernel mode.
+
+user and system are in USER_HZ unit.
+
+cpuacct controller uses percpu_counter interface to collect user and
+system times. This has two side effects:
+
+- It is theoretically possible to see wrong values for user and system times.
+ This is because percpu_counter_read() on 32bit systems isn't safe
+ against concurrent writes.
+- It is possible to see slightly outdated values for user and system times
+ due to the batch processing nature of percpu_counter.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c7909e5ac136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,884 @@
+.. _cpusets:
+
+=======
+CPUSETS
+=======
+
+Copyright (C) 2004 BULL SA.
+
+Written by Simon.Derr@bull.net
+
+- Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
+- Modified by Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
+- Modified by Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
+- Modified by Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
+- Modified by Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
+
+.. CONTENTS:
+
+ 1. Cpusets
+ 1.1 What are cpusets ?
+ 1.2 Why are cpusets needed ?
+ 1.3 How are cpusets implemented ?
+ 1.4 What are exclusive cpusets ?
+ 1.5 What is memory_pressure ?
+ 1.6 What is memory spread ?
+ 1.7 What is sched_load_balance ?
+ 1.8 What is sched_relax_domain_level ?
+ 1.9 How do I use cpusets ?
+ 2. Usage Examples and Syntax
+ 2.1 Basic Usage
+ 2.2 Adding/removing cpus
+ 2.3 Setting flags
+ 2.4 Attaching processes
+ 3. Questions
+ 4. Contact
+
+1. Cpusets
+==========
+
+1.1 What are cpusets ?
+----------------------
+
+Cpusets provide a mechanism for assigning a set of CPUs and Memory
+Nodes to a set of tasks. In this document "Memory Node" refers to
+an on-line node that contains memory.
+
+Cpusets constrain the CPU and Memory placement of tasks to only
+the resources within a task's current cpuset. They form a nested
+hierarchy visible in a virtual file system. These are the essential
+hooks, beyond what is already present, required to manage dynamic
+job placement on large systems.
+
+Cpusets use the generic cgroup subsystem described in
+Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cgroups.rst.
+
+Requests by a task, using the sched_setaffinity(2) system call to
+include CPUs in its CPU affinity mask, and using the mbind(2) and
+set_mempolicy(2) system calls to include Memory Nodes in its memory
+policy, are both filtered through that task's cpuset, filtering out any
+CPUs or Memory Nodes not in that cpuset. The scheduler will not
+schedule a task on a CPU that is not allowed in its cpus_allowed
+vector, and the kernel page allocator will not allocate a page on a
+node that is not allowed in the requesting task's mems_allowed vector.
+
+User level code may create and destroy cpusets by name in the cgroup
+virtual file system, manage the attributes and permissions of these
+cpusets and which CPUs and Memory Nodes are assigned to each cpuset,
+specify and query to which cpuset a task is assigned, and list the
+task pids assigned to a cpuset.
+
+
+1.2 Why are cpusets needed ?
+----------------------------
+
+The management of large computer systems, with many processors (CPUs),
+complex memory cache hierarchies and multiple Memory Nodes having
+non-uniform access times (NUMA) presents additional challenges for
+the efficient scheduling and memory placement of processes.
+
+Frequently more modest sized systems can be operated with adequate
+efficiency just by letting the operating system automatically share
+the available CPU and Memory resources amongst the requesting tasks.
+
+But larger systems, which benefit more from careful processor and
+memory placement to reduce memory access times and contention,
+and which typically represent a larger investment for the customer,
+can benefit from explicitly placing jobs on properly sized subsets of
+the system.
+
+This can be especially valuable on:
+
+ * Web Servers running multiple instances of the same web application,
+ * Servers running different applications (for instance, a web server
+ and a database), or
+ * NUMA systems running large HPC applications with demanding
+ performance characteristics.
+
+These subsets, or "soft partitions" must be able to be dynamically
+adjusted, as the job mix changes, without impacting other concurrently
+executing jobs. The location of the running jobs pages may also be moved
+when the memory locations are changed.
+
+The kernel cpuset patch provides the minimum essential kernel
+mechanisms required to efficiently implement such subsets. It
+leverages existing CPU and Memory Placement facilities in the Linux
+kernel to avoid any additional impact on the critical scheduler or
+memory allocator code.
+
+
+1.3 How are cpusets implemented ?
+---------------------------------
+
+Cpusets provide a Linux kernel mechanism to constrain which CPUs and
+Memory Nodes are used by a process or set of processes.
+
+The Linux kernel already has a pair of mechanisms to specify on which
+CPUs a task may be scheduled (sched_setaffinity) and on which Memory
+Nodes it may obtain memory (mbind, set_mempolicy).
+
+Cpusets extends these two mechanisms as follows:
+
+ - Cpusets are sets of allowed CPUs and Memory Nodes, known to the
+ kernel.
+ - Each task in the system is attached to a cpuset, via a pointer
+ in the task structure to a reference counted cgroup structure.
+ - Calls to sched_setaffinity are filtered to just those CPUs
+ allowed in that task's cpuset.
+ - Calls to mbind and set_mempolicy are filtered to just
+ those Memory Nodes allowed in that task's cpuset.
+ - The root cpuset contains all the systems CPUs and Memory
+ Nodes.
+ - For any cpuset, one can define child cpusets containing a subset
+ of the parents CPU and Memory Node resources.
+ - The hierarchy of cpusets can be mounted at /dev/cpuset, for
+ browsing and manipulation from user space.
+ - A cpuset may be marked exclusive, which ensures that no other
+ cpuset (except direct ancestors and descendants) may contain
+ any overlapping CPUs or Memory Nodes.
+ - You can list all the tasks (by pid) attached to any cpuset.
+
+The implementation of cpusets requires a few, simple hooks
+into the rest of the kernel, none in performance critical paths:
+
+ - in init/main.c, to initialize the root cpuset at system boot.
+ - in fork and exit, to attach and detach a task from its cpuset.
+ - in sched_setaffinity, to mask the requested CPUs by what's
+ allowed in that task's cpuset.
+ - in sched.c migrate_live_tasks(), to keep migrating tasks within
+ the CPUs allowed by their cpuset, if possible.
+ - in the mbind and set_mempolicy system calls, to mask the requested
+ Memory Nodes by what's allowed in that task's cpuset.
+ - in page_alloc.c, to restrict memory to allowed nodes.
+ - in vmscan.c, to restrict page recovery to the current cpuset.
+
+You should mount the "cgroup" filesystem type in order to enable
+browsing and modifying the cpusets presently known to the kernel. No
+new system calls are added for cpusets - all support for querying and
+modifying cpusets is via this cpuset file system.
+
+The /proc/<pid>/status file for each task has four added lines,
+displaying the task's cpus_allowed (on which CPUs it may be scheduled)
+and mems_allowed (on which Memory Nodes it may obtain memory),
+in the two formats seen in the following example::
+
+ Cpus_allowed: ffffffff,ffffffff,ffffffff,ffffffff
+ Cpus_allowed_list: 0-127
+ Mems_allowed: ffffffff,ffffffff
+ Mems_allowed_list: 0-63
+
+Each cpuset is represented by a directory in the cgroup file system
+containing (on top of the standard cgroup files) the following
+files describing that cpuset:
+
+ - cpuset.cpus: list of CPUs in that cpuset
+ - cpuset.mems: list of Memory Nodes in that cpuset
+ - cpuset.memory_migrate flag: if set, move pages to cpusets nodes
+ - cpuset.cpu_exclusive flag: is cpu placement exclusive?
+ - cpuset.mem_exclusive flag: is memory placement exclusive?
+ - cpuset.mem_hardwall flag: is memory allocation hardwalled
+ - cpuset.memory_pressure: measure of how much paging pressure in cpuset
+ - cpuset.memory_spread_page flag: if set, spread page cache evenly on allowed nodes
+ - cpuset.memory_spread_slab flag: OBSOLETE. Doesn't have any function.
+ - cpuset.sched_load_balance flag: if set, load balance within CPUs on that cpuset
+ - cpuset.sched_relax_domain_level: the searching range when migrating tasks
+
+In addition, only the root cpuset has the following file:
+
+ - cpuset.memory_pressure_enabled flag: compute memory_pressure?
+
+New cpusets are created using the mkdir system call or shell
+command. The properties of a cpuset, such as its flags, allowed
+CPUs and Memory Nodes, and attached tasks, are modified by writing
+to the appropriate file in that cpusets directory, as listed above.
+
+The named hierarchical structure of nested cpusets allows partitioning
+a large system into nested, dynamically changeable, "soft-partitions".
+
+The attachment of each task, automatically inherited at fork by any
+children of that task, to a cpuset allows organizing the work load
+on a system into related sets of tasks such that each set is constrained
+to using the CPUs and Memory Nodes of a particular cpuset. A task
+may be re-attached to any other cpuset, if allowed by the permissions
+on the necessary cpuset file system directories.
+
+Such management of a system "in the large" integrates smoothly with
+the detailed placement done on individual tasks and memory regions
+using the sched_setaffinity, mbind and set_mempolicy system calls.
+
+The following rules apply to each cpuset:
+
+ - Its CPUs and Memory Nodes must be a subset of its parents.
+ - It can't be marked exclusive unless its parent is.
+ - If its cpu or memory is exclusive, they may not overlap any sibling.
+
+These rules, and the natural hierarchy of cpusets, enable efficient
+enforcement of the exclusive guarantee, without having to scan all
+cpusets every time any of them change to ensure nothing overlaps a
+exclusive cpuset. Also, the use of a Linux virtual file system (vfs)
+to represent the cpuset hierarchy provides for a familiar permission
+and name space for cpusets, with a minimum of additional kernel code.
+
+The cpus and mems files in the root (top_cpuset) cpuset are
+read-only. The cpus file automatically tracks the value of
+cpu_online_mask using a CPU hotplug notifier, and the mems file
+automatically tracks the value of node_states[N_MEMORY]--i.e.,
+nodes with memory--using the cpuset_track_online_nodes() hook.
+
+The cpuset.effective_cpus and cpuset.effective_mems files are
+normally read-only copies of cpuset.cpus and cpuset.mems files
+respectively. If the cpuset cgroup filesystem is mounted with the
+special "cpuset_v2_mode" option, the behavior of these files will become
+similar to the corresponding files in cpuset v2. In other words, hotplug
+events will not change cpuset.cpus and cpuset.mems. Those events will
+only affect cpuset.effective_cpus and cpuset.effective_mems which show
+the actual cpus and memory nodes that are currently used by this cpuset.
+See Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst for more information about
+cpuset v2 behavior.
+
+
+1.4 What are exclusive cpusets ?
+--------------------------------
+
+If a cpuset is cpu or mem exclusive, no other cpuset, other than
+a direct ancestor or descendant, may share any of the same CPUs or
+Memory Nodes.
+
+A cpuset that is cpuset.mem_exclusive *or* cpuset.mem_hardwall is "hardwalled",
+i.e. it restricts kernel allocations for page, buffer and other data
+commonly shared by the kernel across multiple users. All cpusets,
+whether hardwalled or not, restrict allocations of memory for user
+space. This enables configuring a system so that several independent
+jobs can share common kernel data, such as file system pages, while
+isolating each job's user allocation in its own cpuset. To do this,
+construct a large mem_exclusive cpuset to hold all the jobs, and
+construct child, non-mem_exclusive cpusets for each individual job.
+Only a small amount of typical kernel memory, such as requests from
+interrupt handlers, is allowed to be taken outside even a
+mem_exclusive cpuset.
+
+
+1.5 What is memory_pressure ?
+-----------------------------
+The memory_pressure of a cpuset provides a simple per-cpuset metric
+of the rate that the tasks in a cpuset are attempting to free up in
+use memory on the nodes of the cpuset to satisfy additional memory
+requests.
+
+This enables batch managers monitoring jobs running in dedicated
+cpusets to efficiently detect what level of memory pressure that job
+is causing.
+
+This is useful both on tightly managed systems running a wide mix of
+submitted jobs, which may choose to terminate or re-prioritize jobs that
+are trying to use more memory than allowed on the nodes assigned to them,
+and with tightly coupled, long running, massively parallel scientific
+computing jobs that will dramatically fail to meet required performance
+goals if they start to use more memory than allowed to them.
+
+This mechanism provides a very economical way for the batch manager
+to monitor a cpuset for signs of memory pressure. It's up to the
+batch manager or other user code to decide what to do about it and
+take action.
+
+==>
+ Unless this feature is enabled by writing "1" to the special file
+ /dev/cpuset/memory_pressure_enabled, the hook in the rebalance
+ code of __alloc_pages() for this metric reduces to simply noticing
+ that the cpuset_memory_pressure_enabled flag is zero. So only
+ systems that enable this feature will compute the metric.
+
+Why a per-cpuset, running average:
+
+ Because this meter is per-cpuset, rather than per-task or mm,
+ the system load imposed by a batch scheduler monitoring this
+ metric is sharply reduced on large systems, because a scan of
+ the tasklist can be avoided on each set of queries.
+
+ Because this meter is a running average, instead of an accumulating
+ counter, a batch scheduler can detect memory pressure with a
+ single read, instead of having to read and accumulate results
+ for a period of time.
+
+ Because this meter is per-cpuset rather than per-task or mm,
+ the batch scheduler can obtain the key information, memory
+ pressure in a cpuset, with a single read, rather than having to
+ query and accumulate results over all the (dynamically changing)
+ set of tasks in the cpuset.
+
+A per-cpuset simple digital filter (requires a spinlock and 3 words
+of data per-cpuset) is kept, and updated by any task attached to that
+cpuset, if it enters the synchronous (direct) page reclaim code.
+
+A per-cpuset file provides an integer number representing the recent
+(half-life of 10 seconds) rate of direct page reclaims caused by
+the tasks in the cpuset, in units of reclaims attempted per second,
+times 1000.
+
+
+1.6 What is memory spread ?
+---------------------------
+There are two boolean flag files per cpuset that control where the
+kernel allocates pages for the file system buffers and related in
+kernel data structures. They are called 'cpuset.memory_spread_page' and
+'cpuset.memory_spread_slab'.
+
+If the per-cpuset boolean flag file 'cpuset.memory_spread_page' is set, then
+the kernel will spread the file system buffers (page cache) evenly
+over all the nodes that the faulting task is allowed to use, instead
+of preferring to put those pages on the node where the task is running.
+
+If the per-cpuset boolean flag file 'cpuset.memory_spread_slab' is set,
+then the kernel will spread some file system related slab caches,
+such as for inodes and dentries evenly over all the nodes that the
+faulting task is allowed to use, instead of preferring to put those
+pages on the node where the task is running.
+
+The setting of these flags does not affect anonymous data segment or
+stack segment pages of a task.
+
+By default, both kinds of memory spreading are off, and memory
+pages are allocated on the node local to where the task is running,
+except perhaps as modified by the task's NUMA mempolicy or cpuset
+configuration, so long as sufficient free memory pages are available.
+
+When new cpusets are created, they inherit the memory spread settings
+of their parent.
+
+Setting memory spreading causes allocations for the affected page
+or slab caches to ignore the task's NUMA mempolicy and be spread
+instead. Tasks using mbind() or set_mempolicy() calls to set NUMA
+mempolicies will not notice any change in these calls as a result of
+their containing task's memory spread settings. If memory spreading
+is turned off, then the currently specified NUMA mempolicy once again
+applies to memory page allocations.
+
+Both 'cpuset.memory_spread_page' and 'cpuset.memory_spread_slab' are boolean flag
+files. By default they contain "0", meaning that the feature is off
+for that cpuset. If a "1" is written to that file, then that turns
+the named feature on.
+
+The implementation is simple.
+
+Setting the flag 'cpuset.memory_spread_page' turns on a per-process flag
+PFA_SPREAD_PAGE for each task that is in that cpuset or subsequently
+joins that cpuset. The page allocation calls for the page cache
+is modified to perform an inline check for this PFA_SPREAD_PAGE task
+flag, and if set, a call to a new routine cpuset_mem_spread_node()
+returns the node to prefer for the allocation.
+
+Similarly, setting 'cpuset.memory_spread_slab' turns on the flag
+PFA_SPREAD_SLAB, and appropriately marked slab caches will allocate
+pages from the node returned by cpuset_mem_spread_node().
+
+The cpuset_mem_spread_node() routine is also simple. It uses the
+value of a per-task rotor cpuset_mem_spread_rotor to select the next
+node in the current task's mems_allowed to prefer for the allocation.
+
+This memory placement policy is also known (in other contexts) as
+round-robin or interleave.
+
+This policy can provide substantial improvements for jobs that need
+to place thread local data on the corresponding node, but that need
+to access large file system data sets that need to be spread across
+the several nodes in the jobs cpuset in order to fit. Without this
+policy, especially for jobs that might have one thread reading in the
+data set, the memory allocation across the nodes in the jobs cpuset
+can become very uneven.
+
+1.7 What is sched_load_balance ?
+--------------------------------
+
+The kernel scheduler (kernel/sched/core.c) automatically load balances
+tasks. If one CPU is underutilized, kernel code running on that
+CPU will look for tasks on other more overloaded CPUs and move those
+tasks to itself, within the constraints of such placement mechanisms
+as cpusets and sched_setaffinity.
+
+The algorithmic cost of load balancing and its impact on key shared
+kernel data structures such as the task list increases more than
+linearly with the number of CPUs being balanced. So the scheduler
+has support to partition the systems CPUs into a number of sched
+domains such that it only load balances within each sched domain.
+Each sched domain covers some subset of the CPUs in the system;
+no two sched domains overlap; some CPUs might not be in any sched
+domain and hence won't be load balanced.
+
+Put simply, it costs less to balance between two smaller sched domains
+than one big one, but doing so means that overloads in one of the
+two domains won't be load balanced to the other one.
+
+By default, there is one sched domain covering all CPUs, including those
+marked isolated using the kernel boot time "isolcpus=" argument. However,
+the isolated CPUs will not participate in load balancing, and will not
+have tasks running on them unless explicitly assigned.
+
+This default load balancing across all CPUs is not well suited for
+the following two situations:
+
+ 1) On large systems, load balancing across many CPUs is expensive.
+ If the system is managed using cpusets to place independent jobs
+ on separate sets of CPUs, full load balancing is unnecessary.
+ 2) Systems supporting realtime on some CPUs need to minimize
+ system overhead on those CPUs, including avoiding task load
+ balancing if that is not needed.
+
+When the per-cpuset flag "cpuset.sched_load_balance" is enabled (the default
+setting), it requests that all the CPUs in that cpusets allowed 'cpuset.cpus'
+be contained in a single sched domain, ensuring that load balancing
+can move a task (not otherwised pinned, as by sched_setaffinity)
+from any CPU in that cpuset to any other.
+
+When the per-cpuset flag "cpuset.sched_load_balance" is disabled, then the
+scheduler will avoid load balancing across the CPUs in that cpuset,
+--except-- in so far as is necessary because some overlapping cpuset
+has "sched_load_balance" enabled.
+
+So, for example, if the top cpuset has the flag "cpuset.sched_load_balance"
+enabled, then the scheduler will have one sched domain covering all
+CPUs, and the setting of the "cpuset.sched_load_balance" flag in any other
+cpusets won't matter, as we're already fully load balancing.
+
+Therefore in the above two situations, the top cpuset flag
+"cpuset.sched_load_balance" should be disabled, and only some of the smaller,
+child cpusets have this flag enabled.
+
+When doing this, you don't usually want to leave any unpinned tasks in
+the top cpuset that might use non-trivial amounts of CPU, as such tasks
+may be artificially constrained to some subset of CPUs, depending on
+the particulars of this flag setting in descendant cpusets. Even if
+such a task could use spare CPU cycles in some other CPUs, the kernel
+scheduler might not consider the possibility of load balancing that
+task to that underused CPU.
+
+Of course, tasks pinned to a particular CPU can be left in a cpuset
+that disables "cpuset.sched_load_balance" as those tasks aren't going anywhere
+else anyway.
+
+There is an impedance mismatch here, between cpusets and sched domains.
+Cpusets are hierarchical and nest. Sched domains are flat; they don't
+overlap and each CPU is in at most one sched domain.
+
+It is necessary for sched domains to be flat because load balancing
+across partially overlapping sets of CPUs would risk unstable dynamics
+that would be beyond our understanding. So if each of two partially
+overlapping cpusets enables the flag 'cpuset.sched_load_balance', then we
+form a single sched domain that is a superset of both. We won't move
+a task to a CPU outside its cpuset, but the scheduler load balancing
+code might waste some compute cycles considering that possibility.
+
+This mismatch is why there is not a simple one-to-one relation
+between which cpusets have the flag "cpuset.sched_load_balance" enabled,
+and the sched domain configuration. If a cpuset enables the flag, it
+will get balancing across all its CPUs, but if it disables the flag,
+it will only be assured of no load balancing if no other overlapping
+cpuset enables the flag.
+
+If two cpusets have partially overlapping 'cpuset.cpus' allowed, and only
+one of them has this flag enabled, then the other may find its
+tasks only partially load balanced, just on the overlapping CPUs.
+This is just the general case of the top_cpuset example given a few
+paragraphs above. In the general case, as in the top cpuset case,
+don't leave tasks that might use non-trivial amounts of CPU in
+such partially load balanced cpusets, as they may be artificially
+constrained to some subset of the CPUs allowed to them, for lack of
+load balancing to the other CPUs.
+
+CPUs in "cpuset.isolcpus" were excluded from load balancing by the
+isolcpus= kernel boot option, and will never be load balanced regardless
+of the value of "cpuset.sched_load_balance" in any cpuset.
+
+1.7.1 sched_load_balance implementation details.
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The per-cpuset flag 'cpuset.sched_load_balance' defaults to enabled (contrary
+to most cpuset flags.) When enabled for a cpuset, the kernel will
+ensure that it can load balance across all the CPUs in that cpuset
+(makes sure that all the CPUs in the cpus_allowed of that cpuset are
+in the same sched domain.)
+
+If two overlapping cpusets both have 'cpuset.sched_load_balance' enabled,
+then they will be (must be) both in the same sched domain.
+
+If, as is the default, the top cpuset has 'cpuset.sched_load_balance' enabled,
+then by the above that means there is a single sched domain covering
+the whole system, regardless of any other cpuset settings.
+
+The kernel commits to user space that it will avoid load balancing
+where it can. It will pick as fine a granularity partition of sched
+domains as it can while still providing load balancing for any set
+of CPUs allowed to a cpuset having 'cpuset.sched_load_balance' enabled.
+
+The internal kernel cpuset to scheduler interface passes from the
+cpuset code to the scheduler code a partition of the load balanced
+CPUs in the system. This partition is a set of subsets (represented
+as an array of struct cpumask) of CPUs, pairwise disjoint, that cover
+all the CPUs that must be load balanced.
+
+The cpuset code builds a new such partition and passes it to the
+scheduler sched domain setup code, to have the sched domains rebuilt
+as necessary, whenever:
+
+ - the 'cpuset.sched_load_balance' flag of a cpuset with non-empty CPUs changes,
+ - or CPUs come or go from a cpuset with this flag enabled,
+ - or 'cpuset.sched_relax_domain_level' value of a cpuset with non-empty CPUs
+ and with this flag enabled changes,
+ - or a cpuset with non-empty CPUs and with this flag enabled is removed,
+ - or a cpu is offlined/onlined.
+
+This partition exactly defines what sched domains the scheduler should
+setup - one sched domain for each element (struct cpumask) in the
+partition.
+
+The scheduler remembers the currently active sched domain partitions.
+When the scheduler routine partition_sched_domains() is invoked from
+the cpuset code to update these sched domains, it compares the new
+partition requested with the current, and updates its sched domains,
+removing the old and adding the new, for each change.
+
+
+1.8 What is sched_relax_domain_level ?
+--------------------------------------
+
+In sched domain, the scheduler migrates tasks in 2 ways; periodic load
+balance on tick, and at time of some schedule events.
+
+When a task is woken up, scheduler try to move the task on idle CPU.
+For example, if a task A running on CPU X activates another task B
+on the same CPU X, and if CPU Y is X's sibling and performing idle,
+then scheduler migrate task B to CPU Y so that task B can start on
+CPU Y without waiting task A on CPU X.
+
+And if a CPU run out of tasks in its runqueue, the CPU try to pull
+extra tasks from other busy CPUs to help them before it is going to
+be idle.
+
+Of course it takes some searching cost to find movable tasks and/or
+idle CPUs, the scheduler might not search all CPUs in the domain
+every time. In fact, in some architectures, the searching ranges on
+events are limited in the same socket or node where the CPU locates,
+while the load balance on tick searches all.
+
+For example, assume CPU Z is relatively far from CPU X. Even if CPU Z
+is idle while CPU X and the siblings are busy, scheduler can't migrate
+woken task B from X to Z since it is out of its searching range.
+As the result, task B on CPU X need to wait task A or wait load balance
+on the next tick. For some applications in special situation, waiting
+1 tick may be too long.
+
+The 'cpuset.sched_relax_domain_level' file allows you to request changing
+this searching range as you like. This file takes int value which
+indicates size of searching range in levels approximately as follows,
+otherwise initial value -1 that indicates the cpuset has no request.
+
+====== ===========================================================
+ -1 no request. use system default or follow request of others.
+ 0 no search.
+ 1 search siblings (hyperthreads in a core).
+ 2 search cores in a package.
+ 3 search cpus in a node [= system wide on non-NUMA system]
+ 4 search nodes in a chunk of node [on NUMA system]
+ 5 search system wide [on NUMA system]
+====== ===========================================================
+
+Not all levels can be present and values can change depending on the
+system architecture and kernel configuration. Check
+/sys/kernel/debug/sched/domains/cpu*/domain*/ for system-specific
+details.
+
+The system default is architecture dependent. The system default
+can be changed using the relax_domain_level= boot parameter.
+
+This file is per-cpuset and affect the sched domain where the cpuset
+belongs to. Therefore if the flag 'cpuset.sched_load_balance' of a cpuset
+is disabled, then 'cpuset.sched_relax_domain_level' have no effect since
+there is no sched domain belonging the cpuset.
+
+If multiple cpusets are overlapping and hence they form a single sched
+domain, the largest value among those is used. Be careful, if one
+requests 0 and others are -1 then 0 is used.
+
+Note that modifying this file will have both good and bad effects,
+and whether it is acceptable or not depends on your situation.
+Don't modify this file if you are not sure.
+
+If your situation is:
+
+ - The migration costs between each cpu can be assumed considerably
+ small(for you) due to your special application's behavior or
+ special hardware support for CPU cache etc.
+ - The searching cost doesn't have impact(for you) or you can make
+ the searching cost enough small by managing cpuset to compact etc.
+ - The latency is required even it sacrifices cache hit rate etc.
+ then increasing 'sched_relax_domain_level' would benefit you.
+
+
+1.9 How do I use cpusets ?
+--------------------------
+
+In order to minimize the impact of cpusets on critical kernel
+code, such as the scheduler, and due to the fact that the kernel
+does not support one task updating the memory placement of another
+task directly, the impact on a task of changing its cpuset CPU
+or Memory Node placement, or of changing to which cpuset a task
+is attached, is subtle.
+
+If a cpuset has its Memory Nodes modified, then for each task attached
+to that cpuset, the next time that the kernel attempts to allocate
+a page of memory for that task, the kernel will notice the change
+in the task's cpuset, and update its per-task memory placement to
+remain within the new cpusets memory placement. If the task was using
+mempolicy MPOL_BIND, and the nodes to which it was bound overlap with
+its new cpuset, then the task will continue to use whatever subset
+of MPOL_BIND nodes are still allowed in the new cpuset. If the task
+was using MPOL_BIND and now none of its MPOL_BIND nodes are allowed
+in the new cpuset, then the task will be essentially treated as if it
+was MPOL_BIND bound to the new cpuset (even though its NUMA placement,
+as queried by get_mempolicy(), doesn't change). If a task is moved
+from one cpuset to another, then the kernel will adjust the task's
+memory placement, as above, the next time that the kernel attempts
+to allocate a page of memory for that task.
+
+If a cpuset has its 'cpuset.cpus' modified, then each task in that cpuset
+will have its allowed CPU placement changed immediately. Similarly,
+if a task's pid is written to another cpuset's 'tasks' file, then its
+allowed CPU placement is changed immediately. If such a task had been
+bound to some subset of its cpuset using the sched_setaffinity() call,
+the task will be allowed to run on any CPU allowed in its new cpuset,
+negating the effect of the prior sched_setaffinity() call.
+
+In summary, the memory placement of a task whose cpuset is changed is
+updated by the kernel, on the next allocation of a page for that task,
+and the processor placement is updated immediately.
+
+Normally, once a page is allocated (given a physical page
+of main memory) then that page stays on whatever node it
+was allocated, so long as it remains allocated, even if the
+cpusets memory placement policy 'cpuset.mems' subsequently changes.
+If the cpuset flag file 'cpuset.memory_migrate' is set true, then when
+tasks are attached to that cpuset, any pages that task had
+allocated to it on nodes in its previous cpuset are migrated
+to the task's new cpuset. The relative placement of the page within
+the cpuset is preserved during these migration operations if possible.
+For example if the page was on the second valid node of the prior cpuset
+then the page will be placed on the second valid node of the new cpuset.
+
+Also if 'cpuset.memory_migrate' is set true, then if that cpuset's
+'cpuset.mems' file is modified, pages allocated to tasks in that
+cpuset, that were on nodes in the previous setting of 'cpuset.mems',
+will be moved to nodes in the new setting of 'mems.'
+Pages that were not in the task's prior cpuset, or in the cpuset's
+prior 'cpuset.mems' setting, will not be moved.
+
+There is an exception to the above. If hotplug functionality is used
+to remove all the CPUs that are currently assigned to a cpuset,
+then all the tasks in that cpuset will be moved to the nearest ancestor
+with non-empty cpus. But the moving of some (or all) tasks might fail if
+cpuset is bound with another cgroup subsystem which has some restrictions
+on task attaching. In this failing case, those tasks will stay
+in the original cpuset, and the kernel will automatically update
+their cpus_allowed to allow all online CPUs. When memory hotplug
+functionality for removing Memory Nodes is available, a similar exception
+is expected to apply there as well. In general, the kernel prefers to
+violate cpuset placement, over starving a task that has had all
+its allowed CPUs or Memory Nodes taken offline.
+
+There is a second exception to the above. GFP_ATOMIC requests are
+kernel internal allocations that must be satisfied, immediately.
+The kernel may drop some request, in rare cases even panic, if a
+GFP_ATOMIC alloc fails. If the request cannot be satisfied within
+the current task's cpuset, then we relax the cpuset, and look for
+memory anywhere we can find it. It's better to violate the cpuset
+than stress the kernel.
+
+To start a new job that is to be contained within a cpuset, the steps are:
+
+ 1) mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ 2) mount -t cgroup -ocpuset cpuset /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ 3) Create the new cpuset by doing mkdir's and write's (or echo's) in
+ the /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset virtual file system.
+ 4) Start a task that will be the "founding father" of the new job.
+ 5) Attach that task to the new cpuset by writing its pid to the
+ /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset tasks file for that cpuset.
+ 6) fork, exec or clone the job tasks from this founding father task.
+
+For example, the following sequence of commands will setup a cpuset
+named "Charlie", containing just CPUs 2 and 3, and Memory Node 1,
+and then start a subshell 'sh' in that cpuset::
+
+ mount -t cgroup -ocpuset cpuset /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ cd /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ mkdir Charlie
+ cd Charlie
+ /bin/echo 2-3 > cpuset.cpus
+ /bin/echo 1 > cpuset.mems
+ /bin/echo $$ > tasks
+ sh
+ # The subshell 'sh' is now running in cpuset Charlie
+ # The next line should display '/Charlie'
+ cat /proc/self/cpuset
+
+There are ways to query or modify cpusets:
+
+ - via the cpuset file system directly, using the various cd, mkdir, echo,
+ cat, rmdir commands from the shell, or their equivalent from C.
+ - via the C library libcpuset.
+ - via the C library libcgroup.
+ (https://github.com/libcgroup/libcgroup/)
+ - via the python application cset.
+ (http://code.google.com/p/cpuset/)
+
+The sched_setaffinity calls can also be done at the shell prompt using
+SGI's runon or Robert Love's taskset. The mbind and set_mempolicy
+calls can be done at the shell prompt using the numactl command
+(part of Andi Kleen's numa package).
+
+2. Usage Examples and Syntax
+============================
+
+2.1 Basic Usage
+---------------
+
+Creating, modifying, using the cpusets can be done through the cpuset
+virtual filesystem.
+
+To mount it, type:
+# mount -t cgroup -o cpuset cpuset /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+
+Then under /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset you can find a tree that corresponds to the
+tree of the cpusets in the system. For instance, /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+is the cpuset that holds the whole system.
+
+If you want to create a new cpuset under /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset::
+
+ # cd /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ # mkdir my_cpuset
+
+Now you want to do something with this cpuset::
+
+ # cd my_cpuset
+
+In this directory you can find several files::
+
+ # ls
+ cgroup.clone_children cpuset.memory_pressure
+ cgroup.event_control cpuset.memory_spread_page
+ cgroup.procs cpuset.memory_spread_slab
+ cpuset.cpu_exclusive cpuset.mems
+ cpuset.cpus cpuset.sched_load_balance
+ cpuset.mem_exclusive cpuset.sched_relax_domain_level
+ cpuset.mem_hardwall notify_on_release
+ cpuset.memory_migrate tasks
+
+Reading them will give you information about the state of this cpuset:
+the CPUs and Memory Nodes it can use, the processes that are using
+it, its properties. By writing to these files you can manipulate
+the cpuset.
+
+Set some flags::
+
+ # /bin/echo 1 > cpuset.cpu_exclusive
+
+Add some cpus::
+
+ # /bin/echo 0-7 > cpuset.cpus
+
+Add some mems::
+
+ # /bin/echo 0-7 > cpuset.mems
+
+Now attach your shell to this cpuset::
+
+ # /bin/echo $$ > tasks
+
+You can also create cpusets inside your cpuset by using mkdir in this
+directory::
+
+ # mkdir my_sub_cs
+
+To remove a cpuset, just use rmdir::
+
+ # rmdir my_sub_cs
+
+This will fail if the cpuset is in use (has cpusets inside, or has
+processes attached).
+
+Note that for legacy reasons, the "cpuset" filesystem exists as a
+wrapper around the cgroup filesystem.
+
+The command::
+
+ mount -t cpuset X /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+
+is equivalent to::
+
+ mount -t cgroup -ocpuset,noprefix X /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
+ echo "/sbin/cpuset_release_agent" > /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset/release_agent
+
+2.2 Adding/removing cpus
+------------------------
+
+This is the syntax to use when writing in the cpus or mems files
+in cpuset directories::
+
+ # /bin/echo 1-4 > cpuset.cpus -> set cpus list to cpus 1,2,3,4
+ # /bin/echo 1,2,3,4 > cpuset.cpus -> set cpus list to cpus 1,2,3,4
+
+To add a CPU to a cpuset, write the new list of CPUs including the
+CPU to be added. To add 6 to the above cpuset::
+
+ # /bin/echo 1-4,6 > cpuset.cpus -> set cpus list to cpus 1,2,3,4,6
+
+Similarly to remove a CPU from a cpuset, write the new list of CPUs
+without the CPU to be removed.
+
+To remove all the CPUs::
+
+ # /bin/echo "" > cpuset.cpus -> clear cpus list
+
+2.3 Setting flags
+-----------------
+
+The syntax is very simple::
+
+ # /bin/echo 1 > cpuset.cpu_exclusive -> set flag 'cpuset.cpu_exclusive'
+ # /bin/echo 0 > cpuset.cpu_exclusive -> unset flag 'cpuset.cpu_exclusive'
+
+2.4 Attaching processes
+-----------------------
+
+::
+
+ # /bin/echo PID > tasks
+
+Note that it is PID, not PIDs. You can only attach ONE task at a time.
+If you have several tasks to attach, you have to do it one after another::
+
+ # /bin/echo PID1 > tasks
+ # /bin/echo PID2 > tasks
+ ...
+ # /bin/echo PIDn > tasks
+
+
+3. Questions
+============
+
+Q:
+ what's up with this '/bin/echo' ?
+
+A:
+ bash's builtin 'echo' command does not check calls to write() against
+ errors. If you use it in the cpuset file system, you won't be
+ able to tell whether a command succeeded or failed.
+
+Q:
+ When I attach processes, only the first of the line gets really attached !
+
+A:
+ We can only return one error code per call to write(). So you should also
+ put only ONE pid.
+
+4. Contact
+==========
+
+Web: http://www.bullopensource.org/cpuset
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/devices.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/devices.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e1886783961e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/devices.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+===========================
+Device Whitelist Controller
+===========================
+
+1. Description
+==============
+
+Implement a cgroup to track and enforce open and mknod restrictions
+on device files. A device cgroup associates a device access
+whitelist with each cgroup. A whitelist entry has 4 fields.
+'type' is a (all), c (char), or b (block). 'all' means it applies
+to all types and all major and minor numbers. Major and minor are
+either an integer or * for all. Access is a composition of r
+(read), w (write), and m (mknod).
+
+The root device cgroup starts with rwm to 'all'. A child device
+cgroup gets a copy of the parent. Administrators can then remove
+devices from the whitelist or add new entries. A child cgroup can
+never receive a device access which is denied by its parent.
+
+2. User Interface
+=================
+
+An entry is added using devices.allow, and removed using
+devices.deny. For instance::
+
+ echo 'c 1:3 mr' > /sys/fs/cgroup/1/devices.allow
+
+allows cgroup 1 to read and mknod the device usually known as
+/dev/null. Doing::
+
+ echo a > /sys/fs/cgroup/1/devices.deny
+
+will remove the default 'a *:* rwm' entry. Doing::
+
+ echo a > /sys/fs/cgroup/1/devices.allow
+
+will add the 'a *:* rwm' entry to the whitelist.
+
+3. Security
+===========
+
+Any task can move itself between cgroups. This clearly won't
+suffice, but we can decide the best way to adequately restrict
+movement as people get some experience with this. We may just want
+to require CAP_SYS_ADMIN, which at least is a separate bit from
+CAP_MKNOD. We may want to just refuse moving to a cgroup which
+isn't a descendant of the current one. Or we may want to use
+CAP_MAC_ADMIN, since we really are trying to lock down root.
+
+CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to modify the whitelist or move another
+task to a new cgroup. (Again we'll probably want to change that).
+
+A cgroup may not be granted more permissions than the cgroup's
+parent has.
+
+4. Hierarchy
+============
+
+device cgroups maintain hierarchy by making sure a cgroup never has more
+access permissions than its parent. Every time an entry is written to
+a cgroup's devices.deny file, all its children will have that entry removed
+from their whitelist and all the locally set whitelist entries will be
+re-evaluated. In case one of the locally set whitelist entries would provide
+more access than the cgroup's parent, it'll be removed from the whitelist.
+
+Example::
+
+ A
+ / \
+ B
+
+ group behavior exceptions
+ A allow "b 8:* rwm", "c 116:1 rw"
+ B deny "c 1:3 rwm", "c 116:2 rwm", "b 3:* rwm"
+
+If a device is denied in group A::
+
+ # echo "c 116:* r" > A/devices.deny
+
+it'll propagate down and after revalidating B's entries, the whitelist entry
+"c 116:2 rwm" will be removed::
+
+ group whitelist entries denied devices
+ A all "b 8:* rwm", "c 116:* rw"
+ B "c 1:3 rwm", "b 3:* rwm" all the rest
+
+In case parent's exceptions change and local exceptions are not allowed
+anymore, they'll be deleted.
+
+Notice that new whitelist entries will not be propagated::
+
+ A
+ / \
+ B
+
+ group whitelist entries denied devices
+ A "c 1:3 rwm", "c 1:5 r" all the rest
+ B "c 1:3 rwm", "c 1:5 r" all the rest
+
+when adding ``c *:3 rwm``::
+
+ # echo "c *:3 rwm" >A/devices.allow
+
+the result::
+
+ group whitelist entries denied devices
+ A "c *:3 rwm", "c 1:5 r" all the rest
+ B "c 1:3 rwm", "c 1:5 r" all the rest
+
+but now it'll be possible to add new entries to B::
+
+ # echo "c 2:3 rwm" >B/devices.allow
+ # echo "c 50:3 r" >B/devices.allow
+
+or even::
+
+ # echo "c *:3 rwm" >B/devices.allow
+
+Allowing or denying all by writing 'a' to devices.allow or devices.deny will
+not be possible once the device cgroups has children.
+
+4.1 Hierarchy (internal implementation)
+---------------------------------------
+
+device cgroups is implemented internally using a behavior (ALLOW, DENY) and a
+list of exceptions. The internal state is controlled using the same user
+interface to preserve compatibility with the previous whitelist-only
+implementation. Removal or addition of exceptions that will reduce the access
+to devices will be propagated down the hierarchy.
+For every propagated exception, the effective rules will be re-evaluated based
+on current parent's access rules.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/freezer-subsystem.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/freezer-subsystem.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a964aff373b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/freezer-subsystem.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+==============
+Cgroup Freezer
+==============
+
+The cgroup freezer is useful to batch job management system which start
+and stop sets of tasks in order to schedule the resources of a machine
+according to the desires of a system administrator. This sort of program
+is often used on HPC clusters to schedule access to the cluster as a
+whole. The cgroup freezer uses cgroups to describe the set of tasks to
+be started/stopped by the batch job management system. It also provides
+a means to start and stop the tasks composing the job.
+
+The cgroup freezer will also be useful for checkpointing running groups
+of tasks. The freezer allows the checkpoint code to obtain a consistent
+image of the tasks by attempting to force the tasks in a cgroup into a
+quiescent state. Once the tasks are quiescent another task can
+walk /proc or invoke a kernel interface to gather information about the
+quiesced tasks. Checkpointed tasks can be restarted later should a
+recoverable error occur. This also allows the checkpointed tasks to be
+migrated between nodes in a cluster by copying the gathered information
+to another node and restarting the tasks there.
+
+Sequences of SIGSTOP and SIGCONT are not always sufficient for stopping
+and resuming tasks in userspace. Both of these signals are observable
+from within the tasks we wish to freeze. While SIGSTOP cannot be caught,
+blocked, or ignored it can be seen by waiting or ptracing parent tasks.
+SIGCONT is especially unsuitable since it can be caught by the task. Any
+programs designed to watch for SIGSTOP and SIGCONT could be broken by
+attempting to use SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to stop and resume tasks. We can
+demonstrate this problem using nested bash shells::
+
+ $ echo $$
+ 16644
+ $ bash
+ $ echo $$
+ 16690
+
+ From a second, unrelated bash shell:
+ $ kill -SIGSTOP 16690
+ $ kill -SIGCONT 16690
+
+ <at this point 16690 exits and causes 16644 to exit too>
+
+This happens because bash can observe both signals and choose how it
+responds to them.
+
+Another example of a program which catches and responds to these
+signals is gdb. In fact any program designed to use ptrace is likely to
+have a problem with this method of stopping and resuming tasks.
+
+In contrast, the cgroup freezer uses the kernel freezer code to
+prevent the freeze/unfreeze cycle from becoming visible to the tasks
+being frozen. This allows the bash example above and gdb to run as
+expected.
+
+The cgroup freezer is hierarchical. Freezing a cgroup freezes all
+tasks belonging to the cgroup and all its descendant cgroups. Each
+cgroup has its own state (self-state) and the state inherited from the
+parent (parent-state). Iff both states are THAWED, the cgroup is
+THAWED.
+
+The following cgroupfs files are created by cgroup freezer.
+
+* freezer.state: Read-write.
+
+ When read, returns the effective state of the cgroup - "THAWED",
+ "FREEZING" or "FROZEN". This is the combined self and parent-states.
+ If any is freezing, the cgroup is freezing (FREEZING or FROZEN).
+
+ FREEZING cgroup transitions into FROZEN state when all tasks
+ belonging to the cgroup and its descendants become frozen. Note that
+ a cgroup reverts to FREEZING from FROZEN after a new task is added
+ to the cgroup or one of its descendant cgroups until the new task is
+ frozen.
+
+ When written, sets the self-state of the cgroup. Two values are
+ allowed - "FROZEN" and "THAWED". If FROZEN is written, the cgroup,
+ if not already freezing, enters FREEZING state along with all its
+ descendant cgroups.
+
+ If THAWED is written, the self-state of the cgroup is changed to
+ THAWED. Note that the effective state may not change to THAWED if
+ the parent-state is still freezing. If a cgroup's effective state
+ becomes THAWED, all its descendants which are freezing because of
+ the cgroup also leave the freezing state.
+
+* freezer.self_freezing: Read only.
+
+ Shows the self-state. 0 if the self-state is THAWED; otherwise, 1.
+ This value is 1 iff the last write to freezer.state was "FROZEN".
+
+* freezer.parent_freezing: Read only.
+
+ Shows the parent-state. 0 if none of the cgroup's ancestors is
+ frozen; otherwise, 1.
+
+The root cgroup is non-freezable and the above interface files don't
+exist.
+
+* Examples of usage::
+
+ # mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer
+ # mount -t cgroup -ofreezer freezer /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer
+ # mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0
+ # echo $some_pid > /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/tasks
+
+to get status of the freezer subsystem::
+
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
+ THAWED
+
+to freeze all tasks in the container::
+
+ # echo FROZEN > /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
+ FREEZING
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
+ FROZEN
+
+to unfreeze all tasks in the container::
+
+ # echo THAWED > /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
+ THAWED
+
+This is the basic mechanism which should do the right thing for user space task
+in a simple scenario.
+
+This freezer implementation is affected by shortcomings (see commit
+76f969e8948d8 ("cgroup: cgroup v2 freezer")) and cgroup v2 freezer is
+recommended.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/hugetlb.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/hugetlb.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..493a8e386700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/hugetlb.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+==================
+HugeTLB Controller
+==================
+
+HugeTLB controller can be created by first mounting the cgroup filesystem.
+
+# mount -t cgroup -o hugetlb none /sys/fs/cgroup
+
+With the above step, the initial or the parent HugeTLB group becomes
+visible at /sys/fs/cgroup. At bootup, this group includes all the tasks in
+the system. /sys/fs/cgroup/tasks lists the tasks in this cgroup.
+
+New groups can be created under the parent group /sys/fs/cgroup::
+
+ # cd /sys/fs/cgroup
+ # mkdir g1
+ # echo $$ > g1/tasks
+
+The above steps create a new group g1 and move the current shell
+process (bash) into it.
+
+Brief summary of control files::
+
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.rsvd.limit_in_bytes # set/show limit of "hugepagesize" hugetlb reservations
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.rsvd.max_usage_in_bytes # show max "hugepagesize" hugetlb reservations and no-reserve faults
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.rsvd.usage_in_bytes # show current reservations and no-reserve faults for "hugepagesize" hugetlb
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.rsvd.failcnt # show the number of allocation failure due to HugeTLB reservation limit
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.limit_in_bytes # set/show limit of "hugepagesize" hugetlb faults
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.max_usage_in_bytes # show max "hugepagesize" hugetlb usage recorded
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.usage_in_bytes # show current usage for "hugepagesize" hugetlb
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.failcnt # show the number of allocation failure due to HugeTLB usage limit
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.numa_stat # show the numa information of the hugetlb memory charged to this cgroup
+
+For a system supporting three hugepage sizes (64k, 32M and 1G), the control
+files include::
+
+ hugetlb.1GB.limit_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.1GB.max_usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.1GB.numa_stat
+ hugetlb.1GB.usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.1GB.failcnt
+ hugetlb.1GB.rsvd.limit_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.1GB.rsvd.max_usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.1GB.rsvd.usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.1GB.rsvd.failcnt
+ hugetlb.64KB.limit_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.64KB.max_usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.64KB.numa_stat
+ hugetlb.64KB.usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.64KB.failcnt
+ hugetlb.64KB.rsvd.limit_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.64KB.rsvd.max_usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.64KB.rsvd.usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.64KB.rsvd.failcnt
+ hugetlb.32MB.limit_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.32MB.max_usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.32MB.numa_stat
+ hugetlb.32MB.usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.32MB.failcnt
+ hugetlb.32MB.rsvd.limit_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.32MB.rsvd.max_usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.32MB.rsvd.usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.32MB.rsvd.failcnt
+
+
+1. Page fault accounting
+
+::
+
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.limit_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.max_usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.failcnt
+
+The HugeTLB controller allows users to limit the HugeTLB usage (page fault) per
+control group and enforces the limit during page fault. Since HugeTLB
+doesn't support page reclaim, enforcing the limit at page fault time implies
+that, the application will get SIGBUS signal if it tries to fault in HugeTLB
+pages beyond its limit. Therefore the application needs to know exactly how many
+HugeTLB pages it uses before hand, and the sysadmin needs to make sure that
+there are enough available on the machine for all the users to avoid processes
+getting SIGBUS.
+
+
+2. Reservation accounting
+
+::
+
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.rsvd.limit_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.rsvd.max_usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.rsvd.usage_in_bytes
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.rsvd.failcnt
+
+The HugeTLB controller allows to limit the HugeTLB reservations per control
+group and enforces the controller limit at reservation time and at the fault of
+HugeTLB memory for which no reservation exists. Since reservation limits are
+enforced at reservation time (on mmap or shget), reservation limits never causes
+the application to get SIGBUS signal if the memory was reserved before hand. For
+MAP_NORESERVE allocations, the reservation limit behaves the same as the fault
+limit, enforcing memory usage at fault time and causing the application to
+receive a SIGBUS if it's crossing its limit.
+
+Reservation limits are superior to page fault limits described above, since
+reservation limits are enforced at reservation time (on mmap or shget), and
+never causes the application to get SIGBUS signal if the memory was reserved
+before hand. This allows for easier fallback to alternatives such as
+non-HugeTLB memory for example. In the case of page fault accounting, it's very
+hard to avoid processes getting SIGBUS since the sysadmin needs precisely know
+the HugeTLB usage of all the tasks in the system and make sure there is enough
+pages to satisfy all requests. Avoiding tasks getting SIGBUS on overcommited
+systems is practically impossible with page fault accounting.
+
+
+3. Caveats with shared memory
+
+For shared HugeTLB memory, both HugeTLB reservation and page faults are charged
+to the first task that causes the memory to be reserved or faulted, and all
+subsequent uses of this reserved or faulted memory is done without charging.
+
+Shared HugeTLB memory is only uncharged when it is unreserved or deallocated.
+This is usually when the HugeTLB file is deleted, and not when the task that
+caused the reservation or fault has exited.
+
+
+4. Caveats with HugeTLB cgroup offline.
+
+When a HugeTLB cgroup goes offline with some reservations or faults still
+charged to it, the behavior is as follows:
+
+- The fault charges are charged to the parent HugeTLB cgroup (reparented),
+- the reservation charges remain on the offline HugeTLB cgroup.
+
+This means that if a HugeTLB cgroup gets offlined while there is still HugeTLB
+reservations charged to it, that cgroup persists as a zombie until all HugeTLB
+reservations are uncharged. HugeTLB reservations behave in this manner to match
+the memory controller whose cgroups also persist as zombie until all charged
+memory is uncharged. Also, the tracking of HugeTLB reservations is a bit more
+complex compared to the tracking of HugeTLB faults, so it is significantly
+harder to reparent reservations at offline time.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..99fbc8a64ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+.. _cgroup-v1:
+
+========================
+Control Groups version 1
+========================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ cgroups
+
+ blkio-controller
+ cpuacct
+ cpusets
+ devices
+ freezer-subsystem
+ hugetlb
+ memcg_test
+ memory
+ misc
+ net_cls
+ net_prio
+ pids
+ rdma
+
+.. only:: subproject and html
+
+ Indices
+ =======
+
+ * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memcg_test.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memcg_test.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9f8e27355cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memcg_test.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+=====================================================
+Memory Resource Controller(Memcg) Implementation Memo
+=====================================================
+
+Last Updated: 2010/2
+
+Base Kernel Version: based on 2.6.33-rc7-mm(candidate for 34).
+
+Because VM is getting complex (one of reasons is memcg...), memcg's behavior
+is complex. This is a document for memcg's internal behavior.
+Please note that implementation details can be changed.
+
+(*) Topics on API should be in Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memory.rst)
+
+0. How to record usage ?
+========================
+
+ 2 objects are used.
+
+ page_cgroup ....an object per page.
+
+ Allocated at boot or memory hotplug. Freed at memory hot removal.
+
+ swap_cgroup ... an entry per swp_entry.
+
+ Allocated at swapon(). Freed at swapoff().
+
+ The page_cgroup has USED bit and double count against a page_cgroup never
+ occurs. swap_cgroup is used only when a charged page is swapped-out.
+
+1. Charge
+=========
+
+ a page/swp_entry may be charged (usage += PAGE_SIZE) at
+
+ mem_cgroup_try_charge()
+
+2. Uncharge
+===========
+
+ a page/swp_entry may be uncharged (usage -= PAGE_SIZE) by
+
+ mem_cgroup_uncharge()
+ Called when a page's refcount goes down to 0.
+
+ mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap()
+ Called when swp_entry's refcnt goes down to 0. A charge against swap
+ disappears.
+
+3. charge-commit-cancel
+=======================
+
+ Memcg pages are charged in two steps:
+
+ - mem_cgroup_try_charge()
+ - mem_cgroup_commit_charge() or mem_cgroup_cancel_charge()
+
+ At try_charge(), there are no flags to say "this page is charged".
+ at this point, usage += PAGE_SIZE.
+
+ At commit(), the page is associated with the memcg.
+
+ At cancel(), simply usage -= PAGE_SIZE.
+
+Under below explanation, we assume CONFIG_SWAP=y.
+
+4. Anonymous
+============
+
+ Anonymous page is newly allocated at
+ - page fault into MAP_ANONYMOUS mapping.
+ - Copy-On-Write.
+
+ 4.1 Swap-in.
+ At swap-in, the page is taken from swap-cache. There are 2 cases.
+
+ (a) If the SwapCache is newly allocated and read, it has no charges.
+ (b) If the SwapCache has been mapped by processes, it has been
+ charged already.
+
+ 4.2 Swap-out.
+ At swap-out, typical state transition is below.
+
+ (a) add to swap cache. (marked as SwapCache)
+ swp_entry's refcnt += 1.
+ (b) fully unmapped.
+ swp_entry's refcnt += # of ptes.
+ (c) write back to swap.
+ (d) delete from swap cache. (remove from SwapCache)
+ swp_entry's refcnt -= 1.
+
+
+ Finally, at task exit,
+ (e) zap_pte() is called and swp_entry's refcnt -=1 -> 0.
+
+5. Page Cache
+=============
+
+ Page Cache is charged at
+ - filemap_add_folio().
+
+ The logic is very clear. (About migration, see below)
+
+ Note:
+ __filemap_remove_folio() is called by filemap_remove_folio()
+ and __remove_mapping().
+
+6. Shmem(tmpfs) Page Cache
+===========================
+
+ The best way to understand shmem's page state transition is to read
+ mm/shmem.c.
+
+ But brief explanation of the behavior of memcg around shmem will be
+ helpful to understand the logic.
+
+ Shmem's page (just leaf page, not direct/indirect block) can be on
+
+ - radix-tree of shmem's inode.
+ - SwapCache.
+ - Both on radix-tree and SwapCache. This happens at swap-in
+ and swap-out,
+
+ It's charged when...
+
+ - A new page is added to shmem's radix-tree.
+ - A swp page is read. (move a charge from swap_cgroup to page_cgroup)
+
+7. Page Migration
+=================
+
+ mem_cgroup_migrate()
+
+8. LRU
+======
+ Each memcg has its own vector of LRUs (inactive anon, active anon,
+ inactive file, active file, unevictable) of pages from each node,
+ each LRU handled under a single lru_lock for that memcg and node.
+
+9. Typical Tests.
+=================
+
+ Tests for racy cases.
+
+9.1 Small limit to memcg.
+-------------------------
+
+ When you do test to do racy case, it's good test to set memcg's limit
+ to be very small rather than GB. Many races found in the test under
+ xKB or xxMB limits.
+
+ (Memory behavior under GB and Memory behavior under MB shows very
+ different situation.)
+
+9.2 Shmem
+---------
+
+ Historically, memcg's shmem handling was poor and we saw some amount
+ of troubles here. This is because shmem is page-cache but can be
+ SwapCache. Test with shmem/tmpfs is always good test.
+
+9.3 Migration
+-------------
+
+ For NUMA, migration is an another special case. To do easy test, cpuset
+ is useful. Following is a sample script to do migration::
+
+ mount -t cgroup -o cpuset none /opt/cpuset
+
+ mkdir /opt/cpuset/01
+ echo 1 > /opt/cpuset/01/cpuset.cpus
+ echo 0 > /opt/cpuset/01/cpuset.mems
+ echo 1 > /opt/cpuset/01/cpuset.memory_migrate
+ mkdir /opt/cpuset/02
+ echo 1 > /opt/cpuset/02/cpuset.cpus
+ echo 1 > /opt/cpuset/02/cpuset.mems
+ echo 1 > /opt/cpuset/02/cpuset.memory_migrate
+
+ In above set, when you moves a task from 01 to 02, page migration to
+ node 0 to node 1 will occur. Following is a script to migrate all
+ under cpuset.::
+
+ --
+ move_task()
+ {
+ for pid in $1
+ do
+ /bin/echo $pid >$2/tasks 2>/dev/null
+ echo -n $pid
+ echo -n " "
+ done
+ echo END
+ }
+
+ G1_TASK=`cat ${G1}/tasks`
+ G2_TASK=`cat ${G2}/tasks`
+ move_task "${G1_TASK}" ${G2} &
+ --
+
+9.4 Memory hotplug
+------------------
+
+ memory hotplug test is one of good test.
+
+ to offline memory, do following::
+
+ # echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/state
+
+ (XXX is the place of memory)
+
+ This is an easy way to test page migration, too.
+
+9.5 nested cgroups
+------------------
+
+ Use tests like the following for testing nested cgroups::
+
+ mkdir /opt/cgroup/01/child_a
+ mkdir /opt/cgroup/01/child_b
+
+ set limit to 01.
+ add limit to 01/child_b
+ run jobs under child_a and child_b
+
+ create/delete following groups at random while jobs are running::
+
+ /opt/cgroup/01/child_a/child_aa
+ /opt/cgroup/01/child_b/child_bb
+ /opt/cgroup/01/child_c
+
+ running new jobs in new group is also good.
+
+9.6 Mount with other subsystems
+-------------------------------
+
+ Mounting with other subsystems is a good test because there is a
+ race and lock dependency with other cgroup subsystems.
+
+ example::
+
+ # mount -t cgroup none /cgroup -o cpuset,memory,cpu,devices
+
+ and do task move, mkdir, rmdir etc...under this.
+
+9.7 swapoff
+-----------
+
+ Besides management of swap is one of complicated parts of memcg,
+ call path of swap-in at swapoff is not same as usual swap-in path..
+ It's worth to be tested explicitly.
+
+ For example, test like following is good:
+
+ (Shell-A)::
+
+ # mount -t cgroup none /cgroup -o memory
+ # mkdir /cgroup/test
+ # echo 40M > /cgroup/test/memory.limit_in_bytes
+ # echo 0 > /cgroup/test/tasks
+
+ Run malloc(100M) program under this. You'll see 60M of swaps.
+
+ (Shell-B)::
+
+ # move all tasks in /cgroup/test to /cgroup
+ # /sbin/swapoff -a
+ # rmdir /cgroup/test
+ # kill malloc task.
+
+ Of course, tmpfs v.s. swapoff test should be tested, too.
+
+9.8 OOM-Killer
+--------------
+
+ Out-of-memory caused by memcg's limit will kill tasks under
+ the memcg. When hierarchy is used, a task under hierarchy
+ will be killed by the kernel.
+
+ In this case, panic_on_oom shouldn't be invoked and tasks
+ in other groups shouldn't be killed.
+
+ It's not difficult to cause OOM under memcg as following.
+
+ Case A) when you can swapoff::
+
+ #swapoff -a
+ #echo 50M > /memory.limit_in_bytes
+
+ run 51M of malloc
+
+ Case B) when you use mem+swap limitation::
+
+ #echo 50M > memory.limit_in_bytes
+ #echo 50M > memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes
+
+ run 51M of malloc
+
+9.9 Move charges at task migration
+----------------------------------
+
+ Charges associated with a task can be moved along with task migration.
+
+ (Shell-A)::
+
+ #mkdir /cgroup/A
+ #echo $$ >/cgroup/A/tasks
+
+ run some programs which uses some amount of memory in /cgroup/A.
+
+ (Shell-B)::
+
+ #mkdir /cgroup/B
+ #echo 1 >/cgroup/B/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate
+ #echo "pid of the program running in group A" >/cgroup/B/tasks
+
+ You can see charges have been moved by reading ``*.usage_in_bytes`` or
+ memory.stat of both A and B.
+
+ See 8.2 of Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memory.rst to see what value should
+ be written to move_charge_at_immigrate.
+
+9.10 Memory thresholds
+----------------------
+
+ Memory controller implements memory thresholds using cgroups notification
+ API. You can use tools/cgroup/cgroup_event_listener.c to test it.
+
+ (Shell-A) Create cgroup and run event listener::
+
+ # mkdir /cgroup/A
+ # ./cgroup_event_listener /cgroup/A/memory.usage_in_bytes 5M
+
+ (Shell-B) Add task to cgroup and try to allocate and free memory::
+
+ # echo $$ >/cgroup/A/tasks
+ # a="$(dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=10)"
+ # a=
+
+ You will see message from cgroup_event_listener every time you cross
+ the thresholds.
+
+ Use /cgroup/A/memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes to test memsw thresholds.
+
+ It's good idea to test root cgroup as well.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memory.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memory.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d6b1db8cc7eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memory.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,964 @@
+==========================
+Memory Resource Controller
+==========================
+
+.. caution::
+ This document is hopelessly outdated and it asks for a complete
+ rewrite. It still contains a useful information so we are keeping it
+ here but make sure to check the current code if you need a deeper
+ understanding.
+
+.. note::
+ The Memory Resource Controller has generically been referred to as the
+ memory controller in this document. Do not confuse memory controller
+ used here with the memory controller that is used in hardware.
+
+.. hint::
+ When we mention a cgroup (cgroupfs's directory) with memory controller,
+ we call it "memory cgroup". When you see git-log and source code, you'll
+ see patch's title and function names tend to use "memcg".
+ In this document, we avoid using it.
+
+Benefits and Purpose of the memory controller
+=============================================
+
+The memory controller isolates the memory behaviour of a group of tasks
+from the rest of the system. The article on LWN [12]_ mentions some probable
+uses of the memory controller. The memory controller can be used to
+
+a. Isolate an application or a group of applications
+ Memory-hungry applications can be isolated and limited to a smaller
+ amount of memory.
+b. Create a cgroup with a limited amount of memory; this can be used
+ as a good alternative to booting with mem=XXXX.
+c. Virtualization solutions can control the amount of memory they want
+ to assign to a virtual machine instance.
+d. A CD/DVD burner could control the amount of memory used by the
+ rest of the system to ensure that burning does not fail due to lack
+ of available memory.
+e. There are several other use cases; find one or use the controller just
+ for fun (to learn and hack on the VM subsystem).
+
+Current Status: linux-2.6.34-mmotm(development version of 2010/April)
+
+Features:
+
+ - accounting anonymous pages, file caches, swap caches usage and limiting them.
+ - pages are linked to per-memcg LRU exclusively, and there is no global LRU.
+ - optionally, memory+swap usage can be accounted and limited.
+ - hierarchical accounting
+ - soft limit
+ - moving (recharging) account at moving a task is selectable.
+ - usage threshold notifier
+ - memory pressure notifier
+ - oom-killer disable knob and oom-notifier
+ - Root cgroup has no limit controls.
+
+ Kernel memory support is a work in progress, and the current version provides
+ basically functionality. (See :ref:`section 2.7
+ <cgroup-v1-memory-kernel-extension>`)
+
+Brief summary of control files.
+
+==================================== ==========================================
+ tasks attach a task(thread) and show list of
+ threads
+ cgroup.procs show list of processes
+ cgroup.event_control an interface for event_fd()
+ This knob is not available on CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT systems.
+ memory.usage_in_bytes show current usage for memory
+ (See 5.5 for details)
+ memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes show current usage for memory+Swap
+ (See 5.5 for details)
+ memory.limit_in_bytes set/show limit of memory usage
+ memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes set/show limit of memory+Swap usage
+ memory.failcnt show the number of memory usage hits limits
+ memory.memsw.failcnt show the number of memory+Swap hits limits
+ memory.max_usage_in_bytes show max memory usage recorded
+ memory.memsw.max_usage_in_bytes show max memory+Swap usage recorded
+ memory.soft_limit_in_bytes set/show soft limit of memory usage
+ This knob is not available on CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT systems.
+ This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
+ used.
+ memory.stat show various statistics
+ memory.use_hierarchy set/show hierarchical account enabled
+ This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
+ used.
+ memory.force_empty trigger forced page reclaim
+ memory.pressure_level set memory pressure notifications
+ This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
+ used.
+ memory.swappiness set/show swappiness parameter of vmscan
+ (See sysctl's vm.swappiness)
+ Per memcg knob does not exist in cgroup v2.
+ memory.move_charge_at_immigrate This knob is deprecated.
+ memory.oom_control set/show oom controls.
+ This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
+ used.
+ memory.numa_stat show the number of memory usage per numa
+ node
+ memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes Deprecated knob to set and read the kernel
+ memory hard limit. Kernel hard limit is not
+ supported since 5.16. Writing any value to
+ do file will not have any effect same as if
+ nokmem kernel parameter was specified.
+ Kernel memory is still charged and reported
+ by memory.kmem.usage_in_bytes.
+ memory.kmem.usage_in_bytes show current kernel memory allocation
+ memory.kmem.failcnt show the number of kernel memory usage
+ hits limits
+ memory.kmem.max_usage_in_bytes show max kernel memory usage recorded
+
+ memory.kmem.tcp.limit_in_bytes set/show hard limit for tcp buf memory
+ This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
+ used.
+ memory.kmem.tcp.usage_in_bytes show current tcp buf memory allocation
+ This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
+ used.
+ memory.kmem.tcp.failcnt show the number of tcp buf memory usage
+ hits limits
+ This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
+ used.
+ memory.kmem.tcp.max_usage_in_bytes show max tcp buf memory usage recorded
+ This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
+ used.
+==================================== ==========================================
+
+1. History
+==========
+
+The memory controller has a long history. A request for comments for the memory
+controller was posted by Balbir Singh [1]_. At the time the RFC was posted
+there were several implementations for memory control. The goal of the
+RFC was to build consensus and agreement for the minimal features required
+for memory control. The first RSS controller was posted by Balbir Singh [2]_
+in Feb 2007. Pavel Emelianov [3]_ [4]_ [5]_ has since posted three versions
+of the RSS controller. At OLS, at the resource management BoF, everyone
+suggested that we handle both page cache and RSS together. Another request was
+raised to allow user space handling of OOM. The current memory controller is
+at version 6; it combines both mapped (RSS) and unmapped Page
+Cache Control [11]_.
+
+2. Memory Control
+=================
+
+Memory is a unique resource in the sense that it is present in a limited
+amount. If a task requires a lot of CPU processing, the task can spread
+its processing over a period of hours, days, months or years, but with
+memory, the same physical memory needs to be reused to accomplish the task.
+
+The memory controller implementation has been divided into phases. These
+are:
+
+1. Memory controller
+2. mlock(2) controller
+3. Kernel user memory accounting and slab control
+4. user mappings length controller
+
+The memory controller is the first controller developed.
+
+2.1. Design
+-----------
+
+The core of the design is a counter called the page_counter. The
+page_counter tracks the current memory usage and limit of the group of
+processes associated with the controller. Each cgroup has a memory controller
+specific data structure (mem_cgroup) associated with it.
+
+2.2. Accounting
+---------------
+
+.. code-block::
+ :caption: Figure 1: Hierarchy of Accounting
+
+ +--------------------+
+ | mem_cgroup |
+ | (page_counter) |
+ +--------------------+
+ / ^ \
+ / | \
+ +---------------+ | +---------------+
+ | mm_struct | |.... | mm_struct |
+ | | | | |
+ +---------------+ | +---------------+
+ |
+ + --------------+
+ |
+ +---------------+ +------+--------+
+ | page +----------> page_cgroup|
+ | | | |
+ +---------------+ +---------------+
+
+
+
+Figure 1 shows the important aspects of the controller
+
+1. Accounting happens per cgroup
+2. Each mm_struct knows about which cgroup it belongs to
+3. Each page has a pointer to the page_cgroup, which in turn knows the
+ cgroup it belongs to
+
+The accounting is done as follows: mem_cgroup_charge_common() is invoked to
+set up the necessary data structures and check if the cgroup that is being
+charged is over its limit. If it is, then reclaim is invoked on the cgroup.
+More details can be found in the reclaim section of this document.
+If everything goes well, a page meta-data-structure called page_cgroup is
+updated. page_cgroup has its own LRU on cgroup.
+(*) page_cgroup structure is allocated at boot/memory-hotplug time.
+
+2.2.1 Accounting details
+------------------------
+
+All mapped anon pages (RSS) and cache pages (Page Cache) are accounted.
+Some pages which are never reclaimable and will not be on the LRU
+are not accounted. We just account pages under usual VM management.
+
+RSS pages are accounted at page_fault unless they've already been accounted
+for earlier. A file page will be accounted for as Page Cache when it's
+inserted into inode (xarray). While it's mapped into the page tables of
+processes, duplicate accounting is carefully avoided.
+
+An RSS page is unaccounted when it's fully unmapped. A PageCache page is
+unaccounted when it's removed from xarray. Even if RSS pages are fully
+unmapped (by kswapd), they may exist as SwapCache in the system until they
+are really freed. Such SwapCaches are also accounted.
+A swapped-in page is accounted after adding into swapcache.
+
+Note: The kernel does swapin-readahead and reads multiple swaps at once.
+Since page's memcg recorded into swap whatever memsw enabled, the page will
+be accounted after swapin.
+
+At page migration, accounting information is kept.
+
+Note: we just account pages-on-LRU because our purpose is to control amount
+of used pages; not-on-LRU pages tend to be out-of-control from VM view.
+
+2.3 Shared Page Accounting
+--------------------------
+
+Shared pages are accounted on the basis of the first touch approach. The
+cgroup that first touches a page is accounted for the page. The principle
+behind this approach is that a cgroup that aggressively uses a shared
+page will eventually get charged for it (once it is uncharged from
+the cgroup that brought it in -- this will happen on memory pressure).
+
+2.4 Swap Extension
+--------------------------------------
+
+Swap usage is always recorded for each of cgroup. Swap Extension allows you to
+read and limit it.
+
+When CONFIG_SWAP is enabled, following files are added.
+
+ - memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes.
+ - memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes.
+
+memsw means memory+swap. Usage of memory+swap is limited by
+memsw.limit_in_bytes.
+
+Example: Assume a system with 4G of swap. A task which allocates 6G of memory
+(by mistake) under 2G memory limitation will use all swap.
+In this case, setting memsw.limit_in_bytes=3G will prevent bad use of swap.
+By using the memsw limit, you can avoid system OOM which can be caused by swap
+shortage.
+
+2.4.1 why 'memory+swap' rather than swap
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The global LRU(kswapd) can swap out arbitrary pages. Swap-out means
+to move account from memory to swap...there is no change in usage of
+memory+swap. In other words, when we want to limit the usage of swap without
+affecting global LRU, memory+swap limit is better than just limiting swap from
+an OS point of view.
+
+2.4.2. What happens when a cgroup hits memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When a cgroup hits memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes, it's useless to do swap-out
+in this cgroup. Then, swap-out will not be done by cgroup routine and file
+caches are dropped. But as mentioned above, global LRU can do swapout memory
+from it for sanity of the system's memory management state. You can't forbid
+it by cgroup.
+
+2.5 Reclaim
+-----------
+
+Each cgroup maintains a per cgroup LRU which has the same structure as
+global VM. When a cgroup goes over its limit, we first try
+to reclaim memory from the cgroup so as to make space for the new
+pages that the cgroup has touched. If the reclaim is unsuccessful,
+an OOM routine is invoked to select and kill the bulkiest task in the
+cgroup. (See :ref:`10. OOM Control <cgroup-v1-memory-oom-control>` below.)
+
+The reclaim algorithm has not been modified for cgroups, except that
+pages that are selected for reclaiming come from the per-cgroup LRU
+list.
+
+.. note::
+ Reclaim does not work for the root cgroup, since we cannot set any
+ limits on the root cgroup.
+
+.. note::
+ When panic_on_oom is set to "2", the whole system will panic.
+
+When oom event notifier is registered, event will be delivered.
+(See :ref:`oom_control <cgroup-v1-memory-oom-control>` section)
+
+2.6 Locking
+-----------
+
+Lock order is as follows::
+
+ folio_lock
+ mm->page_table_lock or split pte_lock
+ folio_memcg_lock (memcg->move_lock)
+ mapping->i_pages lock
+ lruvec->lru_lock.
+
+Per-node-per-memcgroup LRU (cgroup's private LRU) is guarded by
+lruvec->lru_lock; the folio LRU flag is cleared before
+isolating a page from its LRU under lruvec->lru_lock.
+
+.. _cgroup-v1-memory-kernel-extension:
+
+2.7 Kernel Memory Extension
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+With the Kernel memory extension, the Memory Controller is able to limit
+the amount of kernel memory used by the system. Kernel memory is fundamentally
+different than user memory, since it can't be swapped out, which makes it
+possible to DoS the system by consuming too much of this precious resource.
+
+Kernel memory accounting is enabled for all memory cgroups by default. But
+it can be disabled system-wide by passing cgroup.memory=nokmem to the kernel
+at boot time. In this case, kernel memory will not be accounted at all.
+
+Kernel memory limits are not imposed for the root cgroup. Usage for the root
+cgroup may or may not be accounted. The memory used is accumulated into
+memory.kmem.usage_in_bytes, or in a separate counter when it makes sense.
+(currently only for tcp).
+
+The main "kmem" counter is fed into the main counter, so kmem charges will
+also be visible from the user counter.
+
+Currently no soft limit is implemented for kernel memory. It is future work
+to trigger slab reclaim when those limits are reached.
+
+2.7.1 Current Kernel Memory resources accounted
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+stack pages:
+ every process consumes some stack pages. By accounting into
+ kernel memory, we prevent new processes from being created when the kernel
+ memory usage is too high.
+
+slab pages:
+ pages allocated by the SLAB or SLUB allocator are tracked. A copy
+ of each kmem_cache is created every time the cache is touched by the first time
+ from inside the memcg. The creation is done lazily, so some objects can still be
+ skipped while the cache is being created. All objects in a slab page should
+ belong to the same memcg. This only fails to hold when a task is migrated to a
+ different memcg during the page allocation by the cache.
+
+sockets memory pressure:
+ some sockets protocols have memory pressure
+ thresholds. The Memory Controller allows them to be controlled individually
+ per cgroup, instead of globally.
+
+tcp memory pressure:
+ sockets memory pressure for the tcp protocol.
+
+2.7.2 Common use cases
+----------------------
+
+Because the "kmem" counter is fed to the main user counter, kernel memory can
+never be limited completely independently of user memory. Say "U" is the user
+limit, and "K" the kernel limit. There are three possible ways limits can be
+set:
+
+U != 0, K = unlimited:
+ This is the standard memcg limitation mechanism already present before kmem
+ accounting. Kernel memory is completely ignored.
+
+U != 0, K < U:
+ Kernel memory is a subset of the user memory. This setup is useful in
+ deployments where the total amount of memory per-cgroup is overcommitted.
+ Overcommitting kernel memory limits is definitely not recommended, since the
+ box can still run out of non-reclaimable memory.
+ In this case, the admin could set up K so that the sum of all groups is
+ never greater than the total memory, and freely set U at the cost of his
+ QoS.
+
+ .. warning::
+ In the current implementation, memory reclaim will NOT be triggered for
+ a cgroup when it hits K while staying below U, which makes this setup
+ impractical.
+
+U != 0, K >= U:
+ Since kmem charges will also be fed to the user counter and reclaim will be
+ triggered for the cgroup for both kinds of memory. This setup gives the
+ admin a unified view of memory, and it is also useful for people who just
+ want to track kernel memory usage.
+
+3. User Interface
+=================
+
+To use the user interface:
+
+1. Enable CONFIG_CGROUPS and CONFIG_MEMCG options
+2. Prepare the cgroups (see :ref:`Why are cgroups needed?
+ <cgroups-why-needed>` for the background information)::
+
+ # mount -t tmpfs none /sys/fs/cgroup
+ # mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory
+ # mount -t cgroup none /sys/fs/cgroup/memory -o memory
+
+3. Make the new group and move bash into it::
+
+ # mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/0
+ # echo $$ > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/0/tasks
+
+4. Since now we're in the 0 cgroup, we can alter the memory limit::
+
+ # echo 4M > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/0/memory.limit_in_bytes
+
+ The limit can now be queried::
+
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/0/memory.limit_in_bytes
+ 4194304
+
+.. note::
+ We can use a suffix (k, K, m, M, g or G) to indicate values in kilo,
+ mega or gigabytes. (Here, Kilo, Mega, Giga are Kibibytes, Mebibytes,
+ Gibibytes.)
+
+.. note::
+ We can write "-1" to reset the ``*.limit_in_bytes(unlimited)``.
+
+.. note::
+ We cannot set limits on the root cgroup any more.
+
+
+We can check the usage::
+
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/0/memory.usage_in_bytes
+ 1216512
+
+A successful write to this file does not guarantee a successful setting of
+this limit to the value written into the file. This can be due to a
+number of factors, such as rounding up to page boundaries or the total
+availability of memory on the system. The user is required to re-read
+this file after a write to guarantee the value committed by the kernel::
+
+ # echo 1 > memory.limit_in_bytes
+ # cat memory.limit_in_bytes
+ 4096
+
+The memory.failcnt field gives the number of times that the cgroup limit was
+exceeded.
+
+The memory.stat file gives accounting information. Now, the number of
+caches, RSS and Active pages/Inactive pages are shown.
+
+4. Testing
+==========
+
+For testing features and implementation, see memcg_test.txt.
+
+Performance test is also important. To see pure memory controller's overhead,
+testing on tmpfs will give you good numbers of small overheads.
+Example: do kernel make on tmpfs.
+
+Page-fault scalability is also important. At measuring parallel
+page fault test, multi-process test may be better than multi-thread
+test because it has noise of shared objects/status.
+
+But the above two are testing extreme situations.
+Trying usual test under memory controller is always helpful.
+
+.. _cgroup-v1-memory-test-troubleshoot:
+
+4.1 Troubleshooting
+-------------------
+
+Sometimes a user might find that the application under a cgroup is
+terminated by the OOM killer. There are several causes for this:
+
+1. The cgroup limit is too low (just too low to do anything useful)
+2. The user is using anonymous memory and swap is turned off or too low
+
+A sync followed by echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches will help get rid of
+some of the pages cached in the cgroup (page cache pages).
+
+To know what happens, disabling OOM_Kill as per :ref:`"10. OOM Control"
+<cgroup-v1-memory-oom-control>` (below) and seeing what happens will be
+helpful.
+
+.. _cgroup-v1-memory-test-task-migration:
+
+4.2 Task migration
+------------------
+
+When a task migrates from one cgroup to another, its charge is not
+carried forward by default. The pages allocated from the original cgroup still
+remain charged to it, the charge is dropped when the page is freed or
+reclaimed.
+
+You can move charges of a task along with task migration.
+See :ref:`8. "Move charges at task migration" <cgroup-v1-memory-move-charges>`
+
+4.3 Removing a cgroup
+---------------------
+
+A cgroup can be removed by rmdir, but as discussed in :ref:`sections 4.1
+<cgroup-v1-memory-test-troubleshoot>` and :ref:`4.2
+<cgroup-v1-memory-test-task-migration>`, a cgroup might have some charge
+associated with it, even though all tasks have migrated away from it. (because
+we charge against pages, not against tasks.)
+
+We move the stats to parent, and no change on the charge except uncharging
+from the child.
+
+Charges recorded in swap information is not updated at removal of cgroup.
+Recorded information is discarded and a cgroup which uses swap (swapcache)
+will be charged as a new owner of it.
+
+5. Misc. interfaces
+===================
+
+5.1 force_empty
+---------------
+ memory.force_empty interface is provided to make cgroup's memory usage empty.
+ When writing anything to this::
+
+ # echo 0 > memory.force_empty
+
+ the cgroup will be reclaimed and as many pages reclaimed as possible.
+
+ The typical use case for this interface is before calling rmdir().
+ Though rmdir() offlines memcg, but the memcg may still stay there due to
+ charged file caches. Some out-of-use page caches may keep charged until
+ memory pressure happens. If you want to avoid that, force_empty will be useful.
+
+5.2 stat file
+-------------
+
+memory.stat file includes following statistics:
+
+ * per-memory cgroup local status
+
+ =============== ===============================================================
+ cache # of bytes of page cache memory.
+ rss # of bytes of anonymous and swap cache memory (includes
+ transparent hugepages).
+ rss_huge # of bytes of anonymous transparent hugepages.
+ mapped_file # of bytes of mapped file (includes tmpfs/shmem)
+ pgpgin # of charging events to the memory cgroup. The charging
+ event happens each time a page is accounted as either mapped
+ anon page(RSS) or cache page(Page Cache) to the cgroup.
+ pgpgout # of uncharging events to the memory cgroup. The uncharging
+ event happens each time a page is unaccounted from the
+ cgroup.
+ swap # of bytes of swap usage
+ swapcached # of bytes of swap cached in memory
+ dirty # of bytes that are waiting to get written back to the disk.
+ writeback # of bytes of file/anon cache that are queued for syncing to
+ disk.
+ inactive_anon # of bytes of anonymous and swap cache memory on inactive
+ LRU list.
+ active_anon # of bytes of anonymous and swap cache memory on active
+ LRU list.
+ inactive_file # of bytes of file-backed memory and MADV_FREE anonymous
+ memory (LazyFree pages) on inactive LRU list.
+ active_file # of bytes of file-backed memory on active LRU list.
+ unevictable # of bytes of memory that cannot be reclaimed (mlocked etc).
+ =============== ===============================================================
+
+ * status considering hierarchy (see memory.use_hierarchy settings):
+
+ ========================= ===================================================
+ hierarchical_memory_limit # of bytes of memory limit with regard to
+ hierarchy
+ under which the memory cgroup is
+ hierarchical_memsw_limit # of bytes of memory+swap limit with regard to
+ hierarchy under which memory cgroup is.
+
+ total_<counter> # hierarchical version of <counter>, which in
+ addition to the cgroup's own value includes the
+ sum of all hierarchical children's values of
+ <counter>, i.e. total_cache
+ ========================= ===================================================
+
+ * additional vm parameters (depends on CONFIG_DEBUG_VM):
+
+ ========================= ========================================
+ recent_rotated_anon VM internal parameter. (see mm/vmscan.c)
+ recent_rotated_file VM internal parameter. (see mm/vmscan.c)
+ recent_scanned_anon VM internal parameter. (see mm/vmscan.c)
+ recent_scanned_file VM internal parameter. (see mm/vmscan.c)
+ ========================= ========================================
+
+.. hint::
+ recent_rotated means recent frequency of LRU rotation.
+ recent_scanned means recent # of scans to LRU.
+ showing for better debug please see the code for meanings.
+
+.. note::
+ Only anonymous and swap cache memory is listed as part of 'rss' stat.
+ This should not be confused with the true 'resident set size' or the
+ amount of physical memory used by the cgroup.
+
+ 'rss + mapped_file" will give you resident set size of cgroup.
+
+ Note that some kernel configurations might account complete larger
+ allocations (e.g., THP) towards 'rss' and 'mapped_file', even if
+ only some, but not all that memory is mapped.
+
+ (Note: file and shmem may be shared among other cgroups. In that case,
+ mapped_file is accounted only when the memory cgroup is owner of page
+ cache.)
+
+5.3 swappiness
+--------------
+
+Overrides /proc/sys/vm/swappiness for the particular group. The tunable
+in the root cgroup corresponds to the global swappiness setting.
+
+Please note that unlike during the global reclaim, limit reclaim
+enforces that 0 swappiness really prevents from any swapping even if
+there is a swap storage available. This might lead to memcg OOM killer
+if there are no file pages to reclaim.
+
+5.4 failcnt
+-----------
+
+A memory cgroup provides memory.failcnt and memory.memsw.failcnt files.
+This failcnt(== failure count) shows the number of times that a usage counter
+hit its limit. When a memory cgroup hits a limit, failcnt increases and
+memory under it will be reclaimed.
+
+You can reset failcnt by writing 0 to failcnt file::
+
+ # echo 0 > .../memory.failcnt
+
+5.5 usage_in_bytes
+------------------
+
+For efficiency, as other kernel components, memory cgroup uses some optimization
+to avoid unnecessary cacheline false sharing. usage_in_bytes is affected by the
+method and doesn't show 'exact' value of memory (and swap) usage, it's a fuzz
+value for efficient access. (Of course, when necessary, it's synchronized.)
+If you want to know more exact memory usage, you should use RSS+CACHE(+SWAP)
+value in memory.stat(see 5.2).
+
+5.6 numa_stat
+-------------
+
+This is similar to numa_maps but operates on a per-memcg basis. This is
+useful for providing visibility into the numa locality information within
+an memcg since the pages are allowed to be allocated from any physical
+node. One of the use cases is evaluating application performance by
+combining this information with the application's CPU allocation.
+
+Each memcg's numa_stat file includes "total", "file", "anon" and "unevictable"
+per-node page counts including "hierarchical_<counter>" which sums up all
+hierarchical children's values in addition to the memcg's own value.
+
+The output format of memory.numa_stat is::
+
+ total=<total pages> N0=<node 0 pages> N1=<node 1 pages> ...
+ file=<total file pages> N0=<node 0 pages> N1=<node 1 pages> ...
+ anon=<total anon pages> N0=<node 0 pages> N1=<node 1 pages> ...
+ unevictable=<total anon pages> N0=<node 0 pages> N1=<node 1 pages> ...
+ hierarchical_<counter>=<counter pages> N0=<node 0 pages> N1=<node 1 pages> ...
+
+The "total" count is sum of file + anon + unevictable.
+
+6. Hierarchy support
+====================
+
+The memory controller supports a deep hierarchy and hierarchical accounting.
+The hierarchy is created by creating the appropriate cgroups in the
+cgroup filesystem. Consider for example, the following cgroup filesystem
+hierarchy::
+
+ root
+ / | \
+ / | \
+ a b c
+ | \
+ | \
+ d e
+
+In the diagram above, with hierarchical accounting enabled, all memory
+usage of e, is accounted to its ancestors up until the root (i.e, c and root).
+If one of the ancestors goes over its limit, the reclaim algorithm reclaims
+from the tasks in the ancestor and the children of the ancestor.
+
+6.1 Hierarchical accounting and reclaim
+---------------------------------------
+
+Hierarchical accounting is enabled by default. Disabling the hierarchical
+accounting is deprecated. An attempt to do it will result in a failure
+and a warning printed to dmesg.
+
+For compatibility reasons writing 1 to memory.use_hierarchy will always pass::
+
+ # echo 1 > memory.use_hierarchy
+
+7. Soft limits (DEPRECATED)
+===========================
+
+THIS IS DEPRECATED!
+
+Soft limits allow for greater sharing of memory. The idea behind soft limits
+is to allow control groups to use as much of the memory as needed, provided
+
+a. There is no memory contention
+b. They do not exceed their hard limit
+
+When the system detects memory contention or low memory, control groups
+are pushed back to their soft limits. If the soft limit of each control
+group is very high, they are pushed back as much as possible to make
+sure that one control group does not starve the others of memory.
+
+Please note that soft limits is a best-effort feature; it comes with
+no guarantees, but it does its best to make sure that when memory is
+heavily contended for, memory is allocated based on the soft limit
+hints/setup. Currently soft limit based reclaim is set up such that
+it gets invoked from balance_pgdat (kswapd).
+
+7.1 Interface
+-------------
+
+Soft limits can be setup by using the following commands (in this example we
+assume a soft limit of 256 MiB)::
+
+ # echo 256M > memory.soft_limit_in_bytes
+
+If we want to change this to 1G, we can at any time use::
+
+ # echo 1G > memory.soft_limit_in_bytes
+
+.. note::
+ Soft limits take effect over a long period of time, since they involve
+ reclaiming memory for balancing between memory cgroups
+
+.. note::
+ It is recommended to set the soft limit always below the hard limit,
+ otherwise the hard limit will take precedence.
+
+.. _cgroup-v1-memory-move-charges:
+
+8. Move charges at task migration (DEPRECATED!)
+===============================================
+
+THIS IS DEPRECATED!
+
+Reading memory.move_charge_at_immigrate will always return 0 and writing
+to it will always return -EINVAL.
+
+9. Memory thresholds
+====================
+
+Memory cgroup implements memory thresholds using the cgroups notification
+API (see cgroups.txt). It allows to register multiple memory and memsw
+thresholds and gets notifications when it crosses.
+
+To register a threshold, an application must:
+
+- create an eventfd using eventfd(2);
+- open memory.usage_in_bytes or memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes;
+- write string like "<event_fd> <fd of memory.usage_in_bytes> <threshold>" to
+ cgroup.event_control.
+
+Application will be notified through eventfd when memory usage crosses
+threshold in any direction.
+
+It's applicable for root and non-root cgroup.
+
+.. _cgroup-v1-memory-oom-control:
+
+10. OOM Control (DEPRECATED)
+============================
+
+THIS IS DEPRECATED!
+
+memory.oom_control file is for OOM notification and other controls.
+
+Memory cgroup implements OOM notifier using the cgroup notification
+API (See cgroups.txt). It allows to register multiple OOM notification
+delivery and gets notification when OOM happens.
+
+To register a notifier, an application must:
+
+ - create an eventfd using eventfd(2)
+ - open memory.oom_control file
+ - write string like "<event_fd> <fd of memory.oom_control>" to
+ cgroup.event_control
+
+The application will be notified through eventfd when OOM happens.
+OOM notification doesn't work for the root cgroup.
+
+You can disable the OOM-killer by writing "1" to memory.oom_control file, as:
+
+ #echo 1 > memory.oom_control
+
+If OOM-killer is disabled, tasks under cgroup will hang/sleep
+in memory cgroup's OOM-waitqueue when they request accountable memory.
+
+For running them, you have to relax the memory cgroup's OOM status by
+
+ * enlarge limit or reduce usage.
+
+To reduce usage,
+
+ * kill some tasks.
+ * move some tasks to other group with account migration.
+ * remove some files (on tmpfs?)
+
+Then, stopped tasks will work again.
+
+At reading, current status of OOM is shown.
+
+ - oom_kill_disable 0 or 1
+ (if 1, oom-killer is disabled)
+ - under_oom 0 or 1
+ (if 1, the memory cgroup is under OOM, tasks may be stopped.)
+ - oom_kill integer counter
+ The number of processes belonging to this cgroup killed by any
+ kind of OOM killer.
+
+11. Memory Pressure (DEPRECATED)
+================================
+
+THIS IS DEPRECATED!
+
+The pressure level notifications can be used to monitor the memory
+allocation cost; based on the pressure, applications can implement
+different strategies of managing their memory resources. The pressure
+levels are defined as following:
+
+The "low" level means that the system is reclaiming memory for new
+allocations. Monitoring this reclaiming activity might be useful for
+maintaining cache level. Upon notification, the program (typically
+"Activity Manager") might analyze vmstat and act in advance (i.e.
+prematurely shutdown unimportant services).
+
+The "medium" level means that the system is experiencing medium memory
+pressure, the system might be making swap, paging out active file caches,
+etc. Upon this event applications may decide to further analyze
+vmstat/zoneinfo/memcg or internal memory usage statistics and free any
+resources that can be easily reconstructed or re-read from a disk.
+
+The "critical" level means that the system is actively thrashing, it is
+about to out of memory (OOM) or even the in-kernel OOM killer is on its
+way to trigger. Applications should do whatever they can to help the
+system. It might be too late to consult with vmstat or any other
+statistics, so it's advisable to take an immediate action.
+
+By default, events are propagated upward until the event is handled, i.e. the
+events are not pass-through. For example, you have three cgroups: A->B->C. Now
+you set up an event listener on cgroups A, B and C, and suppose group C
+experiences some pressure. In this situation, only group C will receive the
+notification, i.e. groups A and B will not receive it. This is done to avoid
+excessive "broadcasting" of messages, which disturbs the system and which is
+especially bad if we are low on memory or thrashing. Group B, will receive
+notification only if there are no event listeners for group C.
+
+There are three optional modes that specify different propagation behavior:
+
+ - "default": this is the default behavior specified above. This mode is the
+ same as omitting the optional mode parameter, preserved by backwards
+ compatibility.
+
+ - "hierarchy": events always propagate up to the root, similar to the default
+ behavior, except that propagation continues regardless of whether there are
+ event listeners at each level, with the "hierarchy" mode. In the above
+ example, groups A, B, and C will receive notification of memory pressure.
+
+ - "local": events are pass-through, i.e. they only receive notifications when
+ memory pressure is experienced in the memcg for which the notification is
+ registered. In the above example, group C will receive notification if
+ registered for "local" notification and the group experiences memory
+ pressure. However, group B will never receive notification, regardless if
+ there is an event listener for group C or not, if group B is registered for
+ local notification.
+
+The level and event notification mode ("hierarchy" or "local", if necessary) are
+specified by a comma-delimited string, i.e. "low,hierarchy" specifies
+hierarchical, pass-through, notification for all ancestor memcgs. Notification
+that is the default, non pass-through behavior, does not specify a mode.
+"medium,local" specifies pass-through notification for the medium level.
+
+The file memory.pressure_level is only used to setup an eventfd. To
+register a notification, an application must:
+
+- create an eventfd using eventfd(2);
+- open memory.pressure_level;
+- write string as "<event_fd> <fd of memory.pressure_level> <level[,mode]>"
+ to cgroup.event_control.
+
+Application will be notified through eventfd when memory pressure is at
+the specific level (or higher). Read/write operations to
+memory.pressure_level are no implemented.
+
+Test:
+
+ Here is a small script example that makes a new cgroup, sets up a
+ memory limit, sets up a notification in the cgroup and then makes child
+ cgroup experience a critical pressure::
+
+ # cd /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/
+ # mkdir foo
+ # cd foo
+ # cgroup_event_listener memory.pressure_level low,hierarchy &
+ # echo 8000000 > memory.limit_in_bytes
+ # echo 8000000 > memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes
+ # echo $$ > tasks
+ # dd if=/dev/zero | read x
+
+ (Expect a bunch of notifications, and eventually, the oom-killer will
+ trigger.)
+
+12. TODO
+========
+
+1. Make per-cgroup scanner reclaim not-shared pages first
+2. Teach controller to account for shared-pages
+3. Start reclamation in the background when the limit is
+ not yet hit but the usage is getting closer
+
+Summary
+=======
+
+Overall, the memory controller has been a stable controller and has been
+commented and discussed quite extensively in the community.
+
+References
+==========
+
+.. [1] Singh, Balbir. RFC: Memory Controller, http://lwn.net/Articles/206697/
+.. [2] Singh, Balbir. Memory Controller (RSS Control),
+ http://lwn.net/Articles/222762/
+.. [3] Emelianov, Pavel. Resource controllers based on process cgroups
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/45ED7DEC.7010403@sw.ru
+.. [4] Emelianov, Pavel. RSS controller based on process cgroups (v2)
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/461A3010.90403@sw.ru
+.. [5] Emelianov, Pavel. RSS controller based on process cgroups (v3)
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/465D9739.8070209@openvz.org
+
+6. Menage, Paul. Control Groups v10, http://lwn.net/Articles/236032/
+7. Vaidyanathan, Srinivasan, Control Groups: Pagecache accounting and control
+ subsystem (v3), http://lwn.net/Articles/235534/
+8. Singh, Balbir. RSS controller v2 test results (lmbench),
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/464C95D4.7070806@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+9. Singh, Balbir. RSS controller v2 AIM9 results
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/464D267A.50107@linux.vnet.ibm.com
+10. Singh, Balbir. Memory controller v6 test results,
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/20070819094658.654.84837.sendpatchset@balbir-laptop
+
+.. [11] Singh, Balbir. Memory controller introduction (v6),
+ https://lore.kernel.org/r/20070817084228.26003.12568.sendpatchset@balbir-laptop
+.. [12] Corbet, Jonathan, Controlling memory use in cgroups,
+ http://lwn.net/Articles/243795/
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/misc.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/misc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..661614c24df3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/misc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+===============
+Misc controller
+===============
+Please refer "Misc" documentation in Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_cls.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_cls.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a2cf272af7a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_cls.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+=========================
+Network classifier cgroup
+=========================
+
+The Network classifier cgroup provides an interface to
+tag network packets with a class identifier (classid).
+
+The Traffic Controller (tc) can be used to assign
+different priorities to packets from different cgroups.
+Also, Netfilter (iptables) can use this tag to perform
+actions on such packets.
+
+Creating a net_cls cgroups instance creates a net_cls.classid file.
+This net_cls.classid value is initialized to 0.
+
+You can write hexadecimal values to net_cls.classid; the format for these
+values is 0xAAAABBBB; AAAA is the major handle number and BBBB
+is the minor handle number.
+Reading net_cls.classid yields a decimal result.
+
+Example::
+
+ mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls
+ mount -t cgroup -onet_cls net_cls /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls
+ mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls/0
+ echo 0x100001 > /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls/0/net_cls.classid
+
+- setting a 10:1 handle::
+
+ cat /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls/0/net_cls.classid
+ 1048577
+
+- configuring tc::
+
+ tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 10: htb
+ tc class add dev eth0 parent 10: classid 10:1 htb rate 40mbit
+
+- creating traffic class 10:1::
+
+ tc filter add dev eth0 parent 10: protocol ip prio 10 handle 1: cgroup
+
+configuring iptables, basic example::
+
+ iptables -A OUTPUT -m cgroup ! --cgroup 0x100001 -j DROP
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_prio.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_prio.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b40905871c64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_prio.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+=======================
+Network priority cgroup
+=======================
+
+The Network priority cgroup provides an interface to allow an administrator to
+dynamically set the priority of network traffic generated by various
+applications
+
+Nominally, an application would set the priority of its traffic via the
+SO_PRIORITY socket option. This however, is not always possible because:
+
+1) The application may not have been coded to set this value
+2) The priority of application traffic is often a site-specific administrative
+ decision rather than an application defined one.
+
+This cgroup allows an administrator to assign a process to a group which defines
+the priority of egress traffic on a given interface. Network priority groups can
+be created by first mounting the cgroup filesystem::
+
+ # mount -t cgroup -onet_prio none /sys/fs/cgroup/net_prio
+
+With the above step, the initial group acting as the parent accounting group
+becomes visible at '/sys/fs/cgroup/net_prio'. This group includes all tasks in
+the system. '/sys/fs/cgroup/net_prio/tasks' lists the tasks in this cgroup.
+
+Each net_prio cgroup contains two files that are subsystem specific
+
+net_prio.prioidx
+ This file is read-only, and is simply informative. It contains a unique
+ integer value that the kernel uses as an internal representation of this
+ cgroup.
+
+net_prio.ifpriomap
+ This file contains a map of the priorities assigned to traffic originating
+ from processes in this group and egressing the system on various interfaces.
+ It contains a list of tuples in the form <ifname priority>. Contents of this
+ file can be modified by echoing a string into the file using the same tuple
+ format. For example::
+
+ echo "eth0 5" > /sys/fs/cgroups/net_prio/iscsi/net_prio.ifpriomap
+
+This command would force any traffic originating from processes belonging to the
+iscsi net_prio cgroup and egressing on interface eth0 to have the priority of
+said traffic set to the value 5. The parent accounting group also has a
+writeable 'net_prio.ifpriomap' file that can be used to set a system default
+priority.
+
+Priorities are set immediately prior to queueing a frame to the device
+queueing discipline (qdisc) so priorities will be assigned prior to the hardware
+queue selection being made.
+
+One usage for the net_prio cgroup is with mqprio qdisc allowing application
+traffic to be steered to hardware/driver based traffic classes. These mappings
+can then be managed by administrators or other networking protocols such as
+DCBX.
+
+A new net_prio cgroup inherits the parent's configuration.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/pids.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/pids.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0f9f9a7b1f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/pids.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+=========================
+Process Number Controller
+=========================
+
+Abstract
+--------
+
+The process number controller is used to allow a cgroup hierarchy to stop any
+new tasks from being fork()'d or clone()'d after a certain limit is reached.
+
+Since it is trivial to hit the task limit without hitting any kmemcg limits in
+place, PIDs are a fundamental resource. As such, PID exhaustion must be
+preventable in the scope of a cgroup hierarchy by allowing resource limiting of
+the number of tasks in a cgroup.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+In order to use the `pids` controller, set the maximum number of tasks in
+pids.max (this is not available in the root cgroup for obvious reasons). The
+number of processes currently in the cgroup is given by pids.current.
+
+Organisational operations are not blocked by cgroup policies, so it is possible
+to have pids.current > pids.max. This can be done by either setting the limit to
+be smaller than pids.current, or attaching enough processes to the cgroup such
+that pids.current > pids.max. However, it is not possible to violate a cgroup
+policy through fork() or clone(). fork() and clone() will return -EAGAIN if the
+creation of a new process would cause a cgroup policy to be violated.
+
+To set a cgroup to have no limit, set pids.max to "max". This is the default for
+all new cgroups (N.B. that PID limits are hierarchical, so the most stringent
+limit in the hierarchy is followed).
+
+pids.current tracks all child cgroup hierarchies, so parent/pids.current is a
+superset of parent/child/pids.current.
+
+The pids.events file contains event counters:
+
+ - max: Number of times fork failed in the cgroup because limit was hit in
+ self or ancestors.
+
+Example
+-------
+
+First, we mount the pids controller::
+
+ # mkdir -p /sys/fs/cgroup/pids
+ # mount -t cgroup -o pids none /sys/fs/cgroup/pids
+
+Then we create a hierarchy, set limits and attach processes to it::
+
+ # mkdir -p /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/child
+ # echo 2 > /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/pids.max
+ # echo $$ > /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/cgroup.procs
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/pids.current
+ 2
+ #
+
+It should be noted that attempts to overcome the set limit (2 in this case) will
+fail::
+
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/pids.current
+ 2
+ # ( /bin/echo "Here's some processes for you." | cat )
+ sh: fork: Resource temporary unavailable
+ #
+
+Even if we migrate to a child cgroup (which doesn't have a set limit), we will
+not be able to overcome the most stringent limit in the hierarchy (in this case,
+parent's)::
+
+ # echo $$ > /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/child/cgroup.procs
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/pids.current
+ 2
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/child/pids.current
+ 2
+ # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/child/pids.max
+ max
+ # ( /bin/echo "Here's some processes for you." | cat )
+ sh: fork: Resource temporary unavailable
+ #
+
+We can set a limit that is smaller than pids.current, which will stop any new
+processes from being forked at all (note that the shell itself counts towards
+pids.current)::
+
+ # echo 1 > /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/pids.max
+ # /bin/echo "We can't even spawn a single process now."
+ sh: fork: Resource temporary unavailable
+ # echo 0 > /sys/fs/cgroup/pids/parent/pids.max
+ # /bin/echo "We can't even spawn a single process now."
+ sh: fork: Resource temporary unavailable
+ #
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/rdma.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/rdma.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e69369b7252e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/rdma.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+===============
+RDMA Controller
+===============
+
+.. Contents
+
+ 1. Overview
+ 1-1. What is RDMA controller?
+ 1-2. Why RDMA controller needed?
+ 1-3. How is RDMA controller implemented?
+ 2. Usage Examples
+
+1. Overview
+===========
+
+1-1. What is RDMA controller?
+-----------------------------
+
+RDMA controller allows user to limit RDMA/IB specific resources that a given
+set of processes can use. These processes are grouped using RDMA controller.
+
+RDMA controller defines two resources which can be limited for processes of a
+cgroup.
+
+1-2. Why RDMA controller needed?
+--------------------------------
+
+Currently user space applications can easily take away all the rdma verb
+specific resources such as AH, CQ, QP, MR etc. Due to which other applications
+in other cgroup or kernel space ULPs may not even get chance to allocate any
+rdma resources. This can lead to service unavailability.
+
+Therefore RDMA controller is needed through which resource consumption
+of processes can be limited. Through this controller different rdma
+resources can be accounted.
+
+1-3. How is RDMA controller implemented?
+----------------------------------------
+
+RDMA cgroup allows limit configuration of resources. Rdma cgroup maintains
+resource accounting per cgroup, per device using resource pool structure.
+Each such resource pool is limited up to 64 resources in given resource pool
+by rdma cgroup, which can be extended later if required.
+
+This resource pool object is linked to the cgroup css. Typically there
+are 0 to 4 resource pool instances per cgroup, per device in most use cases.
+But nothing limits to have it more. At present hundreds of RDMA devices per
+single cgroup may not be handled optimally, however there is no
+known use case or requirement for such configuration either.
+
+Since RDMA resources can be allocated from any process and can be freed by any
+of the child processes which shares the address space, rdma resources are
+always owned by the creator cgroup css. This allows process migration from one
+to other cgroup without major complexity of transferring resource ownership;
+because such ownership is not really present due to shared nature of
+rdma resources. Linking resources around css also ensures that cgroups can be
+deleted after processes migrated. This allow progress migration as well with
+active resources, even though that is not a primary use case.
+
+Whenever RDMA resource charging occurs, owner rdma cgroup is returned to
+the caller. Same rdma cgroup should be passed while uncharging the resource.
+This also allows process migrated with active RDMA resource to charge
+to new owner cgroup for new resource. It also allows to uncharge resource of
+a process from previously charged cgroup which is migrated to new cgroup,
+even though that is not a primary use case.
+
+Resource pool object is created in following situations.
+(a) User sets the limit and no previous resource pool exist for the device
+of interest for the cgroup.
+(b) No resource limits were configured, but IB/RDMA stack tries to
+charge the resource. So that it correctly uncharge them when applications are
+running without limits and later on when limits are enforced during uncharging,
+otherwise usage count will drop to negative.
+
+Resource pool is destroyed if all the resource limits are set to max and
+it is the last resource getting deallocated.
+
+User should set all the limit to max value if it intents to remove/unconfigure
+the resource pool for a particular device.
+
+IB stack honors limits enforced by the rdma controller. When application
+query about maximum resource limits of IB device, it returns minimum of
+what is configured by user for a given cgroup and what is supported by
+IB device.
+
+Following resources can be accounted by rdma controller.
+
+ ========== =============================
+ hca_handle Maximum number of HCA Handles
+ hca_object Maximum number of HCA Objects
+ ========== =============================
+
+2. Usage Examples
+=================
+
+(a) Configure resource limit::
+
+ echo mlx4_0 hca_handle=2 hca_object=2000 > /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/1/rdma.max
+ echo ocrdma1 hca_handle=3 > /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/2/rdma.max
+
+(b) Query resource limit::
+
+ cat /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/2/rdma.max
+ #Output:
+ mlx4_0 hca_handle=2 hca_object=2000
+ ocrdma1 hca_handle=3 hca_object=max
+
+(c) Query current usage::
+
+ cat /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/2/rdma.current
+ #Output:
+ mlx4_0 hca_handle=1 hca_object=20
+ ocrdma1 hca_handle=1 hca_object=23
+
+(d) Delete resource limit::
+
+ echo mlx4_0 hca_handle=max hca_object=max > /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/1/rdma.max
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0e6c67ac585a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3407 @@
+.. _cgroup-v2:
+
+================
+Control Group v2
+================
+
+:Date: October, 2015
+:Author: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
+
+This is the authoritative documentation on the design, interface and
+conventions of cgroup v2. It describes all userland-visible aspects
+of cgroup including core and specific controller behaviors. All
+future changes must be reflected in this document. Documentation for
+v1 is available under :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/index.rst <cgroup-v1>`.
+
+.. CONTENTS
+
+ [Whenever any new section is added to this document, please also add
+ an entry here.]
+
+ 1. Introduction
+ 1-1. Terminology
+ 1-2. What is cgroup?
+ 2. Basic Operations
+ 2-1. Mounting
+ 2-2. Organizing Processes and Threads
+ 2-2-1. Processes
+ 2-2-2. Threads
+ 2-3. [Un]populated Notification
+ 2-4. Controlling Controllers
+ 2-4-1. Availability
+ 2-4-2. Enabling and Disabling
+ 2-4-3. Top-down Constraint
+ 2-4-4. No Internal Process Constraint
+ 2-5. Delegation
+ 2-5-1. Model of Delegation
+ 2-5-2. Delegation Containment
+ 2-6. Guidelines
+ 2-6-1. Organize Once and Control
+ 2-6-2. Avoid Name Collisions
+ 3. Resource Distribution Models
+ 3-1. Weights
+ 3-2. Limits
+ 3-3. Protections
+ 3-4. Allocations
+ 4. Interface Files
+ 4-1. Format
+ 4-2. Conventions
+ 4-3. Core Interface Files
+ 5. Controllers
+ 5-1. CPU
+ 5-1-1. CPU Interface Files
+ 5-2. Memory
+ 5-2-1. Memory Interface Files
+ 5-2-2. Usage Guidelines
+ 5-2-3. Memory Ownership
+ 5-3. IO
+ 5-3-1. IO Interface Files
+ 5-3-2. Writeback
+ 5-3-3. IO Latency
+ 5-3-3-1. How IO Latency Throttling Works
+ 5-3-3-2. IO Latency Interface Files
+ 5-3-4. IO Priority
+ 5-4. PID
+ 5-4-1. PID Interface Files
+ 5-5. Cpuset
+ 5.5-1. Cpuset Interface Files
+ 5-6. Device controller
+ 5-7. RDMA
+ 5-7-1. RDMA Interface Files
+ 5-8. DMEM
+ 5-8-1. DMEM Interface Files
+ 5-9. HugeTLB
+ 5.9-1. HugeTLB Interface Files
+ 5-10. Misc
+ 5.10-1 Misc Interface Files
+ 5.10-2 Migration and Ownership
+ 5-11. Others
+ 5-11-1. perf_event
+ 5-N. Non-normative information
+ 5-N-1. CPU controller root cgroup process behaviour
+ 5-N-2. IO controller root cgroup process behaviour
+ 6. Namespace
+ 6-1. Basics
+ 6-2. The Root and Views
+ 6-3. Migration and setns(2)
+ 6-4. Interaction with Other Namespaces
+ P. Information on Kernel Programming
+ P-1. Filesystem Support for Writeback
+ D. Deprecated v1 Core Features
+ R. Issues with v1 and Rationales for v2
+ R-1. Multiple Hierarchies
+ R-2. Thread Granularity
+ R-3. Competition Between Inner Nodes and Threads
+ R-4. Other Interface Issues
+ R-5. Controller Issues and Remedies
+ R-5-1. Memory
+
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+Terminology
+-----------
+
+"cgroup" stands for "control group" and is never capitalized. The
+singular form is used to designate the whole feature and also as a
+qualifier as in "cgroup controllers". When explicitly referring to
+multiple individual control groups, the plural form "cgroups" is used.
+
+
+What is cgroup?
+---------------
+
+cgroup is a mechanism to organize processes hierarchically and
+distribute system resources along the hierarchy in a controlled and
+configurable manner.
+
+cgroup is largely composed of two parts - the core and controllers.
+cgroup core is primarily responsible for hierarchically organizing
+processes. A cgroup controller is usually responsible for
+distributing a specific type of system resource along the hierarchy
+although there are utility controllers which serve purposes other than
+resource distribution.
+
+cgroups form a tree structure and every process in the system belongs
+to one and only one cgroup. All threads of a process belong to the
+same cgroup. On creation, all processes are put in the cgroup that
+the parent process belongs to at the time. A process can be migrated
+to another cgroup. Migration of a process doesn't affect already
+existing descendant processes.
+
+Following certain structural constraints, controllers may be enabled or
+disabled selectively on a cgroup. All controller behaviors are
+hierarchical - if a controller is enabled on a cgroup, it affects all
+processes which belong to the cgroups consisting the inclusive
+sub-hierarchy of the cgroup. When a controller is enabled on a nested
+cgroup, it always restricts the resource distribution further. The
+restrictions set closer to the root in the hierarchy can not be
+overridden from further away.
+
+
+Basic Operations
+================
+
+Mounting
+--------
+
+Unlike v1, cgroup v2 has only single hierarchy. The cgroup v2
+hierarchy can be mounted with the following mount command::
+
+ # mount -t cgroup2 none $MOUNT_POINT
+
+cgroup2 filesystem has the magic number 0x63677270 ("cgrp"). All
+controllers which support v2 and are not bound to a v1 hierarchy are
+automatically bound to the v2 hierarchy and show up at the root.
+Controllers which are not in active use in the v2 hierarchy can be
+bound to other hierarchies. This allows mixing v2 hierarchy with the
+legacy v1 multiple hierarchies in a fully backward compatible way.
+
+A controller can be moved across hierarchies only after the controller
+is no longer referenced in its current hierarchy. Because per-cgroup
+controller states are destroyed asynchronously and controllers may
+have lingering references, a controller may not show up immediately on
+the v2 hierarchy after the final umount of the previous hierarchy.
+Similarly, a controller should be fully disabled to be moved out of
+the unified hierarchy and it may take some time for the disabled
+controller to become available for other hierarchies; furthermore, due
+to inter-controller dependencies, other controllers may need to be
+disabled too.
+
+While useful for development and manual configurations, moving
+controllers dynamically between the v2 and other hierarchies is
+strongly discouraged for production use. It is recommended to decide
+the hierarchies and controller associations before starting using the
+controllers after system boot.
+
+During transition to v2, system management software might still
+automount the v1 cgroup filesystem and so hijack all controllers
+during boot, before manual intervention is possible. To make testing
+and experimenting easier, the kernel parameter cgroup_no_v1= allows
+disabling controllers in v1 and make them always available in v2.
+
+cgroup v2 currently supports the following mount options.
+
+ nsdelegate
+ Consider cgroup namespaces as delegation boundaries. This
+ option is system wide and can only be set on mount or modified
+ through remount from the init namespace. The mount option is
+ ignored on non-init namespace mounts. Please refer to the
+ Delegation section for details.
+
+ favordynmods
+ Reduce the latencies of dynamic cgroup modifications such as
+ task migrations and controller on/offs at the cost of making
+ hot path operations such as forks and exits more expensive.
+ The static usage pattern of creating a cgroup, enabling
+ controllers, and then seeding it with CLONE_INTO_CGROUP is
+ not affected by this option.
+
+ memory_localevents
+ Only populate memory.events with data for the current cgroup,
+ and not any subtrees. This is legacy behaviour, the default
+ behaviour without this option is to include subtree counts.
+ This option is system wide and can only be set on mount or
+ modified through remount from the init namespace. The mount
+ option is ignored on non-init namespace mounts.
+
+ memory_recursiveprot
+ Recursively apply memory.min and memory.low protection to
+ entire subtrees, without requiring explicit downward
+ propagation into leaf cgroups. This allows protecting entire
+ subtrees from one another, while retaining free competition
+ within those subtrees. This should have been the default
+ behavior but is a mount-option to avoid regressing setups
+ relying on the original semantics (e.g. specifying bogusly
+ high 'bypass' protection values at higher tree levels).
+
+ memory_hugetlb_accounting
+ Count HugeTLB memory usage towards the cgroup's overall
+ memory usage for the memory controller (for the purpose of
+ statistics reporting and memory protetion). This is a new
+ behavior that could regress existing setups, so it must be
+ explicitly opted in with this mount option.
+
+ A few caveats to keep in mind:
+
+ * There is no HugeTLB pool management involved in the memory
+ controller. The pre-allocated pool does not belong to anyone.
+ Specifically, when a new HugeTLB folio is allocated to
+ the pool, it is not accounted for from the perspective of the
+ memory controller. It is only charged to a cgroup when it is
+ actually used (for e.g at page fault time). Host memory
+ overcommit management has to consider this when configuring
+ hard limits. In general, HugeTLB pool management should be
+ done via other mechanisms (such as the HugeTLB controller).
+ * Failure to charge a HugeTLB folio to the memory controller
+ results in SIGBUS. This could happen even if the HugeTLB pool
+ still has pages available (but the cgroup limit is hit and
+ reclaim attempt fails).
+ * Charging HugeTLB memory towards the memory controller affects
+ memory protection and reclaim dynamics. Any userspace tuning
+ (of low, min limits for e.g) needs to take this into account.
+ * HugeTLB pages utilized while this option is not selected
+ will not be tracked by the memory controller (even if cgroup
+ v2 is remounted later on).
+
+ pids_localevents
+ The option restores v1-like behavior of pids.events:max, that is only
+ local (inside cgroup proper) fork failures are counted. Without this
+ option pids.events.max represents any pids.max enforcemnt across
+ cgroup's subtree.
+
+
+
+Organizing Processes and Threads
+--------------------------------
+
+Processes
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+Initially, only the root cgroup exists to which all processes belong.
+A child cgroup can be created by creating a sub-directory::
+
+ # mkdir $CGROUP_NAME
+
+A given cgroup may have multiple child cgroups forming a tree
+structure. Each cgroup has a read-writable interface file
+"cgroup.procs". When read, it lists the PIDs of all processes which
+belong to the cgroup one-per-line. The PIDs are not ordered and the
+same PID may show up more than once if the process got moved to
+another cgroup and then back or the PID got recycled while reading.
+
+A process can be migrated into a cgroup by writing its PID to the
+target cgroup's "cgroup.procs" file. Only one process can be migrated
+on a single write(2) call. If a process is composed of multiple
+threads, writing the PID of any thread migrates all threads of the
+process.
+
+When a process forks a child process, the new process is born into the
+cgroup that the forking process belongs to at the time of the
+operation. After exit, a process stays associated with the cgroup
+that it belonged to at the time of exit until it's reaped; however, a
+zombie process does not appear in "cgroup.procs" and thus can't be
+moved to another cgroup.
+
+A cgroup which doesn't have any children or live processes can be
+destroyed by removing the directory. Note that a cgroup which doesn't
+have any children and is associated only with zombie processes is
+considered empty and can be removed::
+
+ # rmdir $CGROUP_NAME
+
+"/proc/$PID/cgroup" lists a process's cgroup membership. If legacy
+cgroup is in use in the system, this file may contain multiple lines,
+one for each hierarchy. The entry for cgroup v2 is always in the
+format "0::$PATH"::
+
+ # cat /proc/842/cgroup
+ ...
+ 0::/test-cgroup/test-cgroup-nested
+
+If the process becomes a zombie and the cgroup it was associated with
+is removed subsequently, " (deleted)" is appended to the path::
+
+ # cat /proc/842/cgroup
+ ...
+ 0::/test-cgroup/test-cgroup-nested (deleted)
+
+
+Threads
+~~~~~~~
+
+cgroup v2 supports thread granularity for a subset of controllers to
+support use cases requiring hierarchical resource distribution across
+the threads of a group of processes. By default, all threads of a
+process belong to the same cgroup, which also serves as the resource
+domain to host resource consumptions which are not specific to a
+process or thread. The thread mode allows threads to be spread across
+a subtree while still maintaining the common resource domain for them.
+
+Controllers which support thread mode are called threaded controllers.
+The ones which don't are called domain controllers.
+
+Marking a cgroup threaded makes it join the resource domain of its
+parent as a threaded cgroup. The parent may be another threaded
+cgroup whose resource domain is further up in the hierarchy. The root
+of a threaded subtree, that is, the nearest ancestor which is not
+threaded, is called threaded domain or thread root interchangeably and
+serves as the resource domain for the entire subtree.
+
+Inside a threaded subtree, threads of a process can be put in
+different cgroups and are not subject to the no internal process
+constraint - threaded controllers can be enabled on non-leaf cgroups
+whether they have threads in them or not.
+
+As the threaded domain cgroup hosts all the domain resource
+consumptions of the subtree, it is considered to have internal
+resource consumptions whether there are processes in it or not and
+can't have populated child cgroups which aren't threaded. Because the
+root cgroup is not subject to no internal process constraint, it can
+serve both as a threaded domain and a parent to domain cgroups.
+
+The current operation mode or type of the cgroup is shown in the
+"cgroup.type" file which indicates whether the cgroup is a normal
+domain, a domain which is serving as the domain of a threaded subtree,
+or a threaded cgroup.
+
+On creation, a cgroup is always a domain cgroup and can be made
+threaded by writing "threaded" to the "cgroup.type" file. The
+operation is single direction::
+
+ # echo threaded > cgroup.type
+
+Once threaded, the cgroup can't be made a domain again. To enable the
+thread mode, the following conditions must be met.
+
+- As the cgroup will join the parent's resource domain. The parent
+ must either be a valid (threaded) domain or a threaded cgroup.
+
+- When the parent is an unthreaded domain, it must not have any domain
+ controllers enabled or populated domain children. The root is
+ exempt from this requirement.
+
+Topology-wise, a cgroup can be in an invalid state. Please consider
+the following topology::
+
+ A (threaded domain) - B (threaded) - C (domain, just created)
+
+C is created as a domain but isn't connected to a parent which can
+host child domains. C can't be used until it is turned into a
+threaded cgroup. "cgroup.type" file will report "domain (invalid)" in
+these cases. Operations which fail due to invalid topology use
+EOPNOTSUPP as the errno.
+
+A domain cgroup is turned into a threaded domain when one of its child
+cgroup becomes threaded or threaded controllers are enabled in the
+"cgroup.subtree_control" file while there are processes in the cgroup.
+A threaded domain reverts to a normal domain when the conditions
+clear.
+
+When read, "cgroup.threads" contains the list of the thread IDs of all
+threads in the cgroup. Except that the operations are per-thread
+instead of per-process, "cgroup.threads" has the same format and
+behaves the same way as "cgroup.procs". While "cgroup.threads" can be
+written to in any cgroup, as it can only move threads inside the same
+threaded domain, its operations are confined inside each threaded
+subtree.
+
+The threaded domain cgroup serves as the resource domain for the whole
+subtree, and, while the threads can be scattered across the subtree,
+all the processes are considered to be in the threaded domain cgroup.
+"cgroup.procs" in a threaded domain cgroup contains the PIDs of all
+processes in the subtree and is not readable in the subtree proper.
+However, "cgroup.procs" can be written to from anywhere in the subtree
+to migrate all threads of the matching process to the cgroup.
+
+Only threaded controllers can be enabled in a threaded subtree. When
+a threaded controller is enabled inside a threaded subtree, it only
+accounts for and controls resource consumptions associated with the
+threads in the cgroup and its descendants. All consumptions which
+aren't tied to a specific thread belong to the threaded domain cgroup.
+
+Because a threaded subtree is exempt from no internal process
+constraint, a threaded controller must be able to handle competition
+between threads in a non-leaf cgroup and its child cgroups. Each
+threaded controller defines how such competitions are handled.
+
+Currently, the following controllers are threaded and can be enabled
+in a threaded cgroup::
+
+- cpu
+- cpuset
+- perf_event
+- pids
+
+[Un]populated Notification
+--------------------------
+
+Each non-root cgroup has a "cgroup.events" file which contains
+"populated" field indicating whether the cgroup's sub-hierarchy has
+live processes in it. Its value is 0 if there is no live process in
+the cgroup and its descendants; otherwise, 1. poll and [id]notify
+events are triggered when the value changes. This can be used, for
+example, to start a clean-up operation after all processes of a given
+sub-hierarchy have exited. The populated state updates and
+notifications are recursive. Consider the following sub-hierarchy
+where the numbers in the parentheses represent the numbers of processes
+in each cgroup::
+
+ A(4) - B(0) - C(1)
+ \ D(0)
+
+A, B and C's "populated" fields would be 1 while D's 0. After the one
+process in C exits, B and C's "populated" fields would flip to "0" and
+file modified events will be generated on the "cgroup.events" files of
+both cgroups.
+
+
+Controlling Controllers
+-----------------------
+
+Availability
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A controller is available in a cgroup when it is supported by the kernel (i.e.,
+compiled in, not disabled and not attached to a v1 hierarchy) and listed in the
+"cgroup.controllers" file. Availability means the controller's interface files
+are exposed in the cgroup’s directory, allowing the distribution of the target
+resource to be observed or controlled within that cgroup.
+
+Enabling and Disabling
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Each cgroup has a "cgroup.controllers" file which lists all
+controllers available for the cgroup to enable::
+
+ # cat cgroup.controllers
+ cpu io memory
+
+No controller is enabled by default. Controllers can be enabled and
+disabled by writing to the "cgroup.subtree_control" file::
+
+ # echo "+cpu +memory -io" > cgroup.subtree_control
+
+Only controllers which are listed in "cgroup.controllers" can be
+enabled. When multiple operations are specified as above, either they
+all succeed or fail. If multiple operations on the same controller
+are specified, the last one is effective.
+
+Enabling a controller in a cgroup indicates that the distribution of
+the target resource across its immediate children will be controlled.
+Consider the following sub-hierarchy. The enabled controllers are
+listed in parentheses::
+
+ A(cpu,memory) - B(memory) - C()
+ \ D()
+
+As A has "cpu" and "memory" enabled, A will control the distribution
+of CPU cycles and memory to its children, in this case, B. As B has
+"memory" enabled but not "CPU", C and D will compete freely on CPU
+cycles but their division of memory available to B will be controlled.
+
+As a controller regulates the distribution of the target resource to
+the cgroup's children, enabling it creates the controller's interface
+files in the child cgroups. In the above example, enabling "cpu" on B
+would create the "cpu." prefixed controller interface files in C and
+D. Likewise, disabling "memory" from B would remove the "memory."
+prefixed controller interface files from C and D. This means that the
+controller interface files - anything which doesn't start with
+"cgroup." are owned by the parent rather than the cgroup itself.
+
+
+Top-down Constraint
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Resources are distributed top-down and a cgroup can further distribute
+a resource only if the resource has been distributed to it from the
+parent. This means that all non-root "cgroup.subtree_control" files
+can only contain controllers which are enabled in the parent's
+"cgroup.subtree_control" file. A controller can be enabled only if
+the parent has the controller enabled and a controller can't be
+disabled if one or more children have it enabled.
+
+
+No Internal Process Constraint
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Non-root cgroups can distribute domain resources to their children
+only when they don't have any processes of their own. In other words,
+only domain cgroups which don't contain any processes can have domain
+controllers enabled in their "cgroup.subtree_control" files.
+
+This guarantees that, when a domain controller is looking at the part
+of the hierarchy which has it enabled, processes are always only on
+the leaves. This rules out situations where child cgroups compete
+against internal processes of the parent.
+
+The root cgroup is exempt from this restriction. Root contains
+processes and anonymous resource consumption which can't be associated
+with any other cgroups and requires special treatment from most
+controllers. How resource consumption in the root cgroup is governed
+is up to each controller (for more information on this topic please
+refer to the Non-normative information section in the Controllers
+chapter).
+
+Note that the restriction doesn't get in the way if there is no
+enabled controller in the cgroup's "cgroup.subtree_control". This is
+important as otherwise it wouldn't be possible to create children of a
+populated cgroup. To control resource distribution of a cgroup, the
+cgroup must create children and transfer all its processes to the
+children before enabling controllers in its "cgroup.subtree_control"
+file.
+
+
+Delegation
+----------
+
+Model of Delegation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A cgroup can be delegated in two ways. First, to a less privileged
+user by granting write access of the directory and its "cgroup.procs",
+"cgroup.threads" and "cgroup.subtree_control" files to the user.
+Second, if the "nsdelegate" mount option is set, automatically to a
+cgroup namespace on namespace creation.
+
+Because the resource control interface files in a given directory
+control the distribution of the parent's resources, the delegatee
+shouldn't be allowed to write to them. For the first method, this is
+achieved by not granting access to these files. For the second, files
+outside the namespace should be hidden from the delegatee by the means
+of at least mount namespacing, and the kernel rejects writes to all
+files on a namespace root from inside the cgroup namespace, except for
+those files listed in "/sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate" (including
+"cgroup.procs", "cgroup.threads", "cgroup.subtree_control", etc.).
+
+The end results are equivalent for both delegation types. Once
+delegated, the user can build sub-hierarchy under the directory,
+organize processes inside it as it sees fit and further distribute the
+resources it received from the parent. The limits and other settings
+of all resource controllers are hierarchical and regardless of what
+happens in the delegated sub-hierarchy, nothing can escape the
+resource restrictions imposed by the parent.
+
+Currently, cgroup doesn't impose any restrictions on the number of
+cgroups in or nesting depth of a delegated sub-hierarchy; however,
+this may be limited explicitly in the future.
+
+
+Delegation Containment
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A delegated sub-hierarchy is contained in the sense that processes
+can't be moved into or out of the sub-hierarchy by the delegatee.
+
+For delegations to a less privileged user, this is achieved by
+requiring the following conditions for a process with a non-root euid
+to migrate a target process into a cgroup by writing its PID to the
+"cgroup.procs" file.
+
+- The writer must have write access to the "cgroup.procs" file.
+
+- The writer must have write access to the "cgroup.procs" file of the
+ common ancestor of the source and destination cgroups.
+
+The above two constraints ensure that while a delegatee may migrate
+processes around freely in the delegated sub-hierarchy it can't pull
+in from or push out to outside the sub-hierarchy.
+
+For an example, let's assume cgroups C0 and C1 have been delegated to
+user U0 who created C00, C01 under C0 and C10 under C1 as follows and
+all processes under C0 and C1 belong to U0::
+
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - C0 - C00
+ ~ cgroup ~ \ C01
+ ~ hierarchy ~
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - C1 - C10
+
+Let's also say U0 wants to write the PID of a process which is
+currently in C10 into "C00/cgroup.procs". U0 has write access to the
+file; however, the common ancestor of the source cgroup C10 and the
+destination cgroup C00 is above the points of delegation and U0 would
+not have write access to its "cgroup.procs" files and thus the write
+will be denied with -EACCES.
+
+For delegations to namespaces, containment is achieved by requiring
+that both the source and destination cgroups are reachable from the
+namespace of the process which is attempting the migration. If either
+is not reachable, the migration is rejected with -ENOENT.
+
+
+Guidelines
+----------
+
+Organize Once and Control
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Migrating a process across cgroups is a relatively expensive operation
+and stateful resources such as memory are not moved together with the
+process. This is an explicit design decision as there often exist
+inherent trade-offs between migration and various hot paths in terms
+of synchronization cost.
+
+As such, migrating processes across cgroups frequently as a means to
+apply different resource restrictions is discouraged. A workload
+should be assigned to a cgroup according to the system's logical and
+resource structure once on start-up. Dynamic adjustments to resource
+distribution can be made by changing controller configuration through
+the interface files.
+
+
+Avoid Name Collisions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Interface files for a cgroup and its children cgroups occupy the same
+directory and it is possible to create children cgroups which collide
+with interface files.
+
+All cgroup core interface files are prefixed with "cgroup." and each
+controller's interface files are prefixed with the controller name and
+a dot. A controller's name is composed of lower case alphabets and
+'_'s but never begins with an '_' so it can be used as the prefix
+character for collision avoidance. Also, interface file names won't
+start or end with terms which are often used in categorizing workloads
+such as job, service, slice, unit or workload.
+
+cgroup doesn't do anything to prevent name collisions and it's the
+user's responsibility to avoid them.
+
+
+Resource Distribution Models
+============================
+
+cgroup controllers implement several resource distribution schemes
+depending on the resource type and expected use cases. This section
+describes major schemes in use along with their expected behaviors.
+
+
+Weights
+-------
+
+A parent's resource is distributed by adding up the weights of all
+active children and giving each the fraction matching the ratio of its
+weight against the sum. As only children which can make use of the
+resource at the moment participate in the distribution, this is
+work-conserving. Due to the dynamic nature, this model is usually
+used for stateless resources.
+
+All weights are in the range [1, 10000] with the default at 100. This
+allows symmetric multiplicative biases in both directions at fine
+enough granularity while staying in the intuitive range.
+
+As long as the weight is in range, all configuration combinations are
+valid and there is no reason to reject configuration changes or
+process migrations.
+
+"cpu.weight" proportionally distributes CPU cycles to active children
+and is an example of this type.
+
+
+.. _cgroupv2-limits-distributor:
+
+Limits
+------
+
+A child can only consume up to the configured amount of the resource.
+Limits can be over-committed - the sum of the limits of children can
+exceed the amount of resource available to the parent.
+
+Limits are in the range [0, max] and defaults to "max", which is noop.
+
+As limits can be over-committed, all configuration combinations are
+valid and there is no reason to reject configuration changes or
+process migrations.
+
+"io.max" limits the maximum BPS and/or IOPS that a cgroup can consume
+on an IO device and is an example of this type.
+
+.. _cgroupv2-protections-distributor:
+
+Protections
+-----------
+
+A cgroup is protected up to the configured amount of the resource
+as long as the usages of all its ancestors are under their
+protected levels. Protections can be hard guarantees or best effort
+soft boundaries. Protections can also be over-committed in which case
+only up to the amount available to the parent is protected among
+children.
+
+Protections are in the range [0, max] and defaults to 0, which is
+noop.
+
+As protections can be over-committed, all configuration combinations
+are valid and there is no reason to reject configuration changes or
+process migrations.
+
+"memory.low" implements best-effort memory protection and is an
+example of this type.
+
+
+Allocations
+-----------
+
+A cgroup is exclusively allocated a certain amount of a finite
+resource. Allocations can't be over-committed - the sum of the
+allocations of children can not exceed the amount of resource
+available to the parent.
+
+Allocations are in the range [0, max] and defaults to 0, which is no
+resource.
+
+As allocations can't be over-committed, some configuration
+combinations are invalid and should be rejected. Also, if the
+resource is mandatory for execution of processes, process migrations
+may be rejected.
+
+"cpu.rt.max" hard-allocates realtime slices and is an example of this
+type.
+
+
+Interface Files
+===============
+
+Format
+------
+
+All interface files should be in one of the following formats whenever
+possible::
+
+ New-line separated values
+ (when only one value can be written at once)
+
+ VAL0\n
+ VAL1\n
+ ...
+
+ Space separated values
+ (when read-only or multiple values can be written at once)
+
+ VAL0 VAL1 ...\n
+
+ Flat keyed
+
+ KEY0 VAL0\n
+ KEY1 VAL1\n
+ ...
+
+ Nested keyed
+
+ KEY0 SUB_KEY0=VAL00 SUB_KEY1=VAL01...
+ KEY1 SUB_KEY0=VAL10 SUB_KEY1=VAL11...
+ ...
+
+For a writable file, the format for writing should generally match
+reading; however, controllers may allow omitting later fields or
+implement restricted shortcuts for most common use cases.
+
+For both flat and nested keyed files, only the values for a single key
+can be written at a time. For nested keyed files, the sub key pairs
+may be specified in any order and not all pairs have to be specified.
+
+
+Conventions
+-----------
+
+- Settings for a single feature should be contained in a single file.
+
+- The root cgroup should be exempt from resource control and thus
+ shouldn't have resource control interface files.
+
+- The default time unit is microseconds. If a different unit is ever
+ used, an explicit unit suffix must be present.
+
+- A parts-per quantity should use a percentage decimal with at least
+ two digit fractional part - e.g. 13.40.
+
+- If a controller implements weight based resource distribution, its
+ interface file should be named "weight" and have the range [1,
+ 10000] with 100 as the default. The values are chosen to allow
+ enough and symmetric bias in both directions while keeping it
+ intuitive (the default is 100%).
+
+- If a controller implements an absolute resource guarantee and/or
+ limit, the interface files should be named "min" and "max"
+ respectively. If a controller implements best effort resource
+ guarantee and/or limit, the interface files should be named "low"
+ and "high" respectively.
+
+ In the above four control files, the special token "max" should be
+ used to represent upward infinity for both reading and writing.
+
+- If a setting has a configurable default value and keyed specific
+ overrides, the default entry should be keyed with "default" and
+ appear as the first entry in the file.
+
+ The default value can be updated by writing either "default $VAL" or
+ "$VAL".
+
+ When writing to update a specific override, "default" can be used as
+ the value to indicate removal of the override. Override entries
+ with "default" as the value must not appear when read.
+
+ For example, a setting which is keyed by major:minor device numbers
+ with integer values may look like the following::
+
+ # cat cgroup-example-interface-file
+ default 150
+ 8:0 300
+
+ The default value can be updated by::
+
+ # echo 125 > cgroup-example-interface-file
+
+ or::
+
+ # echo "default 125" > cgroup-example-interface-file
+
+ An override can be set by::
+
+ # echo "8:16 170" > cgroup-example-interface-file
+
+ and cleared by::
+
+ # echo "8:0 default" > cgroup-example-interface-file
+ # cat cgroup-example-interface-file
+ default 125
+ 8:16 170
+
+- For events which are not very high frequency, an interface file
+ "events" should be created which lists event key value pairs.
+ Whenever a notifiable event happens, file modified event should be
+ generated on the file.
+
+
+Core Interface Files
+--------------------
+
+All cgroup core files are prefixed with "cgroup."
+
+ cgroup.type
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups.
+
+ When read, it indicates the current type of the cgroup, which
+ can be one of the following values.
+
+ - "domain" : A normal valid domain cgroup.
+
+ - "domain threaded" : A threaded domain cgroup which is
+ serving as the root of a threaded subtree.
+
+ - "domain invalid" : A cgroup which is in an invalid state.
+ It can't be populated or have controllers enabled. It may
+ be allowed to become a threaded cgroup.
+
+ - "threaded" : A threaded cgroup which is a member of a
+ threaded subtree.
+
+ A cgroup can be turned into a threaded cgroup by writing
+ "threaded" to this file.
+
+ cgroup.procs
+ A read-write new-line separated values file which exists on
+ all cgroups.
+
+ When read, it lists the PIDs of all processes which belong to
+ the cgroup one-per-line. The PIDs are not ordered and the
+ same PID may show up more than once if the process got moved
+ to another cgroup and then back or the PID got recycled while
+ reading.
+
+ A PID can be written to migrate the process associated with
+ the PID to the cgroup. The writer should match all of the
+ following conditions.
+
+ - It must have write access to the "cgroup.procs" file.
+
+ - It must have write access to the "cgroup.procs" file of the
+ common ancestor of the source and destination cgroups.
+
+ When delegating a sub-hierarchy, write access to this file
+ should be granted along with the containing directory.
+
+ In a threaded cgroup, reading this file fails with EOPNOTSUPP
+ as all the processes belong to the thread root. Writing is
+ supported and moves every thread of the process to the cgroup.
+
+ cgroup.threads
+ A read-write new-line separated values file which exists on
+ all cgroups.
+
+ When read, it lists the TIDs of all threads which belong to
+ the cgroup one-per-line. The TIDs are not ordered and the
+ same TID may show up more than once if the thread got moved to
+ another cgroup and then back or the TID got recycled while
+ reading.
+
+ A TID can be written to migrate the thread associated with the
+ TID to the cgroup. The writer should match all of the
+ following conditions.
+
+ - It must have write access to the "cgroup.threads" file.
+
+ - The cgroup that the thread is currently in must be in the
+ same resource domain as the destination cgroup.
+
+ - It must have write access to the "cgroup.procs" file of the
+ common ancestor of the source and destination cgroups.
+
+ When delegating a sub-hierarchy, write access to this file
+ should be granted along with the containing directory.
+
+ cgroup.controllers
+ A read-only space separated values file which exists on all
+ cgroups.
+
+ It shows space separated list of all controllers available to
+ the cgroup. The controllers are not ordered.
+
+ cgroup.subtree_control
+ A read-write space separated values file which exists on all
+ cgroups. Starts out empty.
+
+ When read, it shows space separated list of the controllers
+ which are enabled to control resource distribution from the
+ cgroup to its children.
+
+ Space separated list of controllers prefixed with '+' or '-'
+ can be written to enable or disable controllers. A controller
+ name prefixed with '+' enables the controller and '-'
+ disables. If a controller appears more than once on the list,
+ the last one is effective. When multiple enable and disable
+ operations are specified, either all succeed or all fail.
+
+ cgroup.events
+ A read-only flat-keyed file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ The following entries are defined. Unless specified
+ otherwise, a value change in this file generates a file
+ modified event.
+
+ populated
+ 1 if the cgroup or its descendants contains any live
+ processes; otherwise, 0.
+ frozen
+ 1 if the cgroup is frozen; otherwise, 0.
+
+ cgroup.max.descendants
+ A read-write single value files. The default is "max".
+
+ Maximum allowed number of descent cgroups.
+ If the actual number of descendants is equal or larger,
+ an attempt to create a new cgroup in the hierarchy will fail.
+
+ cgroup.max.depth
+ A read-write single value files. The default is "max".
+
+ Maximum allowed descent depth below the current cgroup.
+ If the actual descent depth is equal or larger,
+ an attempt to create a new child cgroup will fail.
+
+ cgroup.stat
+ A read-only flat-keyed file with the following entries:
+
+ nr_descendants
+ Total number of visible descendant cgroups.
+
+ nr_dying_descendants
+ Total number of dying descendant cgroups. A cgroup becomes
+ dying after being deleted by a user. The cgroup will remain
+ in dying state for some time undefined time (which can depend
+ on system load) before being completely destroyed.
+
+ A process can't enter a dying cgroup under any circumstances,
+ a dying cgroup can't revive.
+
+ A dying cgroup can consume system resources not exceeding
+ limits, which were active at the moment of cgroup deletion.
+
+ nr_subsys_<cgroup_subsys>
+ Total number of live cgroup subsystems (e.g memory
+ cgroup) at and beneath the current cgroup.
+
+ nr_dying_subsys_<cgroup_subsys>
+ Total number of dying cgroup subsystems (e.g. memory
+ cgroup) at and beneath the current cgroup.
+
+ cgroup.stat.local
+ A read-only flat-keyed file which exists in non-root cgroups.
+ The following entry is defined:
+
+ frozen_usec
+ Cumulative time that this cgroup has spent between freezing and
+ thawing, regardless of whether by self or ancestor groups.
+ NB: (not) reaching "frozen" state is not accounted here.
+
+ Using the following ASCII representation of a cgroup's freezer
+ state, ::
+
+ 1 _____
+ frozen 0 __/ \__
+ ab cd
+
+ the duration being measured is the span between a and c.
+
+ cgroup.freeze
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ Allowed values are "0" and "1". The default is "0".
+
+ Writing "1" to the file causes freezing of the cgroup and all
+ descendant cgroups. This means that all belonging processes will
+ be stopped and will not run until the cgroup will be explicitly
+ unfrozen. Freezing of the cgroup may take some time; when this action
+ is completed, the "frozen" value in the cgroup.events control file
+ will be updated to "1" and the corresponding notification will be
+ issued.
+
+ A cgroup can be frozen either by its own settings, or by settings
+ of any ancestor cgroups. If any of ancestor cgroups is frozen, the
+ cgroup will remain frozen.
+
+ Processes in the frozen cgroup can be killed by a fatal signal.
+ They also can enter and leave a frozen cgroup: either by an explicit
+ move by a user, or if freezing of the cgroup races with fork().
+ If a process is moved to a frozen cgroup, it stops. If a process is
+ moved out of a frozen cgroup, it becomes running.
+
+ Frozen status of a cgroup doesn't affect any cgroup tree operations:
+ it's possible to delete a frozen (and empty) cgroup, as well as
+ create new sub-cgroups.
+
+ cgroup.kill
+ A write-only single value file which exists in non-root cgroups.
+ The only allowed value is "1".
+
+ Writing "1" to the file causes the cgroup and all descendant cgroups to
+ be killed. This means that all processes located in the affected cgroup
+ tree will be killed via SIGKILL.
+
+ Killing a cgroup tree will deal with concurrent forks appropriately and
+ is protected against migrations.
+
+ In a threaded cgroup, writing this file fails with EOPNOTSUPP as
+ killing cgroups is a process directed operation, i.e. it affects
+ the whole thread-group.
+
+ cgroup.pressure
+ A read-write single value file that allowed values are "0" and "1".
+ The default is "1".
+
+ Writing "0" to the file will disable the cgroup PSI accounting.
+ Writing "1" to the file will re-enable the cgroup PSI accounting.
+
+ This control attribute is not hierarchical, so disable or enable PSI
+ accounting in a cgroup does not affect PSI accounting in descendants
+ and doesn't need pass enablement via ancestors from root.
+
+ The reason this control attribute exists is that PSI accounts stalls for
+ each cgroup separately and aggregates it at each level of the hierarchy.
+ This may cause non-negligible overhead for some workloads when under
+ deep level of the hierarchy, in which case this control attribute can
+ be used to disable PSI accounting in the non-leaf cgroups.
+
+ irq.pressure
+ A read-write nested-keyed file.
+
+ Shows pressure stall information for IRQ/SOFTIRQ. See
+ :ref:`Documentation/accounting/psi.rst <psi>` for details.
+
+Controllers
+===========
+
+.. _cgroup-v2-cpu:
+
+CPU
+---
+
+The "cpu" controllers regulates distribution of CPU cycles. This
+controller implements weight and absolute bandwidth limit models for
+normal scheduling policy and absolute bandwidth allocation model for
+realtime scheduling policy.
+
+In all the above models, cycles distribution is defined only on a temporal
+base and it does not account for the frequency at which tasks are executed.
+The (optional) utilization clamping support allows to hint the schedutil
+cpufreq governor about the minimum desired frequency which should always be
+provided by a CPU, as well as the maximum desired frequency, which should not
+be exceeded by a CPU.
+
+WARNING: cgroup2 cpu controller doesn't yet support the (bandwidth) control of
+realtime processes. For a kernel built with the CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED option
+enabled for group scheduling of realtime processes, the cpu controller can only
+be enabled when all RT processes are in the root cgroup. Be aware that system
+management software may already have placed RT processes into non-root cgroups
+during the system boot process, and these processes may need to be moved to the
+root cgroup before the cpu controller can be enabled with a
+CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED enabled kernel.
+
+With CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED disabled, this limitation does not apply and some of
+the interface files either affect realtime processes or account for them. See
+the following section for details. Only the cpu controller is affected by
+CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED. Other controllers can be used for the resource control of
+realtime processes irrespective of CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED.
+
+
+CPU Interface Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The interaction of a process with the cpu controller depends on its scheduling
+policy and the underlying scheduler. From the point of view of the cpu controller,
+processes can be categorized as follows:
+
+* Processes under the fair-class scheduler
+* Processes under a BPF scheduler with the ``cgroup_set_weight`` callback
+* Everything else: ``SCHED_{FIFO,RR,DEADLINE}`` and processes under a BPF scheduler
+ without the ``cgroup_set_weight`` callback
+
+For details on when a process is under the fair-class scheduler or a BPF scheduler,
+check out :ref:`Documentation/scheduler/sched-ext.rst <sched-ext>`.
+
+For each of the following interface files, the above categories
+will be referred to. All time durations are in microseconds.
+
+ cpu.stat
+ A read-only flat-keyed file.
+ This file exists whether the controller is enabled or not.
+
+ It always reports the following three stats, which account for all the
+ processes in the cgroup:
+
+ - usage_usec
+ - user_usec
+ - system_usec
+
+ and the following five when the controller is enabled, which account for
+ only the processes under the fair-class scheduler:
+
+ - nr_periods
+ - nr_throttled
+ - throttled_usec
+ - nr_bursts
+ - burst_usec
+
+ cpu.weight
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "100".
+
+ For non idle groups (cpu.idle = 0), the weight is in the
+ range [1, 10000].
+
+ If the cgroup has been configured to be SCHED_IDLE (cpu.idle = 1),
+ then the weight will show as a 0.
+
+ This file affects only processes under the fair-class scheduler and a BPF
+ scheduler with the ``cgroup_set_weight`` callback depending on what the
+ callback actually does.
+
+ cpu.weight.nice
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "0".
+
+ The nice value is in the range [-20, 19].
+
+ This interface file is an alternative interface for
+ "cpu.weight" and allows reading and setting weight using the
+ same values used by nice(2). Because the range is smaller and
+ granularity is coarser for the nice values, the read value is
+ the closest approximation of the current weight.
+
+ This file affects only processes under the fair-class scheduler and a BPF
+ scheduler with the ``cgroup_set_weight`` callback depending on what the
+ callback actually does.
+
+ cpu.max
+ A read-write two value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ The default is "max 100000".
+
+ The maximum bandwidth limit. It's in the following format::
+
+ $MAX $PERIOD
+
+ which indicates that the group may consume up to $MAX in each
+ $PERIOD duration. "max" for $MAX indicates no limit. If only
+ one number is written, $MAX is updated.
+
+ This file affects only processes under the fair-class scheduler.
+
+ cpu.max.burst
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "0".
+
+ The burst in the range [0, $MAX].
+
+ This file affects only processes under the fair-class scheduler.
+
+ cpu.pressure
+ A read-write nested-keyed file.
+
+ Shows pressure stall information for CPU. See
+ :ref:`Documentation/accounting/psi.rst <psi>` for details.
+
+ This file accounts for all the processes in the cgroup.
+
+ cpu.uclamp.min
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ The default is "0", i.e. no utilization boosting.
+
+ The requested minimum utilization (protection) as a percentage
+ rational number, e.g. 12.34 for 12.34%.
+
+ This interface allows reading and setting minimum utilization clamp
+ values similar to the sched_setattr(2). This minimum utilization
+ value is used to clamp the task specific minimum utilization clamp,
+ including those of realtime processes.
+
+ The requested minimum utilization (protection) is always capped by
+ the current value for the maximum utilization (limit), i.e.
+ `cpu.uclamp.max`.
+
+ This file affects all the processes in the cgroup.
+
+ cpu.uclamp.max
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ The default is "max". i.e. no utilization capping
+
+ The requested maximum utilization (limit) as a percentage rational
+ number, e.g. 98.76 for 98.76%.
+
+ This interface allows reading and setting maximum utilization clamp
+ values similar to the sched_setattr(2). This maximum utilization
+ value is used to clamp the task specific maximum utilization clamp,
+ including those of realtime processes.
+
+ This file affects all the processes in the cgroup.
+
+ cpu.idle
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ The default is 0.
+
+ This is the cgroup analog of the per-task SCHED_IDLE sched policy.
+ Setting this value to a 1 will make the scheduling policy of the
+ cgroup SCHED_IDLE. The threads inside the cgroup will retain their
+ own relative priorities, but the cgroup itself will be treated as
+ very low priority relative to its peers.
+
+ This file affects only processes under the fair-class scheduler.
+
+Memory
+------
+
+The "memory" controller regulates distribution of memory. Memory is
+stateful and implements both limit and protection models. Due to the
+intertwining between memory usage and reclaim pressure and the
+stateful nature of memory, the distribution model is relatively
+complex.
+
+While not completely water-tight, all major memory usages by a given
+cgroup are tracked so that the total memory consumption can be
+accounted and controlled to a reasonable extent. Currently, the
+following types of memory usages are tracked.
+
+- Userland memory - page cache and anonymous memory.
+
+- Kernel data structures such as dentries and inodes.
+
+- TCP socket buffers.
+
+The above list may expand in the future for better coverage.
+
+
+Memory Interface Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+All memory amounts are in bytes. If a value which is not aligned to
+PAGE_SIZE is written, the value may be rounded up to the closest
+PAGE_SIZE multiple when read back.
+
+ memory.current
+ A read-only single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups.
+
+ The total amount of memory currently being used by the cgroup
+ and its descendants.
+
+ memory.min
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "0".
+
+ Hard memory protection. If the memory usage of a cgroup
+ is within its effective min boundary, the cgroup's memory
+ won't be reclaimed under any conditions. If there is no
+ unprotected reclaimable memory available, OOM killer
+ is invoked. Above the effective min boundary (or
+ effective low boundary if it is higher), pages are reclaimed
+ proportionally to the overage, reducing reclaim pressure for
+ smaller overages.
+
+ Effective min boundary is limited by memory.min values of
+ all ancestor cgroups. If there is memory.min overcommitment
+ (child cgroup or cgroups are requiring more protected memory
+ than parent will allow), then each child cgroup will get
+ the part of parent's protection proportional to its
+ actual memory usage below memory.min.
+
+ Putting more memory than generally available under this
+ protection is discouraged and may lead to constant OOMs.
+
+ If a memory cgroup is not populated with processes,
+ its memory.min is ignored.
+
+ memory.low
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "0".
+
+ Best-effort memory protection. If the memory usage of a
+ cgroup is within its effective low boundary, the cgroup's
+ memory won't be reclaimed unless there is no reclaimable
+ memory available in unprotected cgroups.
+ Above the effective low boundary (or
+ effective min boundary if it is higher), pages are reclaimed
+ proportionally to the overage, reducing reclaim pressure for
+ smaller overages.
+
+ Effective low boundary is limited by memory.low values of
+ all ancestor cgroups. If there is memory.low overcommitment
+ (child cgroup or cgroups are requiring more protected memory
+ than parent will allow), then each child cgroup will get
+ the part of parent's protection proportional to its
+ actual memory usage below memory.low.
+
+ Putting more memory than generally available under this
+ protection is discouraged.
+
+ memory.high
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "max".
+
+ Memory usage throttle limit. If a cgroup's usage goes
+ over the high boundary, the processes of the cgroup are
+ throttled and put under heavy reclaim pressure.
+
+ Going over the high limit never invokes the OOM killer and
+ under extreme conditions the limit may be breached. The high
+ limit should be used in scenarios where an external process
+ monitors the limited cgroup to alleviate heavy reclaim
+ pressure.
+
+ If memory.high is opened with O_NONBLOCK then the synchronous
+ reclaim is bypassed. This is useful for admin processes that
+ need to dynamically adjust the job's memory limits without
+ expending their own CPU resources on memory reclamation. The
+ job will trigger the reclaim and/or get throttled on its
+ next charge request.
+
+ Please note that with O_NONBLOCK, there is a chance that the
+ target memory cgroup may take indefinite amount of time to
+ reduce usage below the limit due to delayed charge request or
+ busy-hitting its memory to slow down reclaim.
+
+ memory.max
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "max".
+
+ Memory usage hard limit. This is the main mechanism to limit
+ memory usage of a cgroup. If a cgroup's memory usage reaches
+ this limit and can't be reduced, the OOM killer is invoked in
+ the cgroup. Under certain circumstances, the usage may go
+ over the limit temporarily.
+
+ In default configuration regular 0-order allocations always
+ succeed unless OOM killer chooses current task as a victim.
+
+ Some kinds of allocations don't invoke the OOM killer.
+ Caller could retry them differently, return into userspace
+ as -ENOMEM or silently ignore in cases like disk readahead.
+
+ If memory.max is opened with O_NONBLOCK, then the synchronous
+ reclaim and oom-kill are bypassed. This is useful for admin
+ processes that need to dynamically adjust the job's memory limits
+ without expending their own CPU resources on memory reclamation.
+ The job will trigger the reclaim and/or oom-kill on its next
+ charge request.
+
+ Please note that with O_NONBLOCK, there is a chance that the
+ target memory cgroup may take indefinite amount of time to
+ reduce usage below the limit due to delayed charge request or
+ busy-hitting its memory to slow down reclaim.
+
+ memory.reclaim
+ A write-only nested-keyed file which exists for all cgroups.
+
+ This is a simple interface to trigger memory reclaim in the
+ target cgroup.
+
+ Example::
+
+ echo "1G" > memory.reclaim
+
+ Please note that the kernel can over or under reclaim from
+ the target cgroup. If less bytes are reclaimed than the
+ specified amount, -EAGAIN is returned.
+
+ Please note that the proactive reclaim (triggered by this
+ interface) is not meant to indicate memory pressure on the
+ memory cgroup. Therefore socket memory balancing triggered by
+ the memory reclaim normally is not exercised in this case.
+ This means that the networking layer will not adapt based on
+ reclaim induced by memory.reclaim.
+
+The following nested keys are defined.
+
+ ========== ================================
+ swappiness Swappiness value to reclaim with
+ ========== ================================
+
+ Specifying a swappiness value instructs the kernel to perform
+ the reclaim with that swappiness value. Note that this has the
+ same semantics as vm.swappiness applied to memcg reclaim with
+ all the existing limitations and potential future extensions.
+
+ The valid range for swappiness is [0-200, max], setting
+ swappiness=max exclusively reclaims anonymous memory.
+
+ memory.peak
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+
+ The max memory usage recorded for the cgroup and its descendants since
+ either the creation of the cgroup or the most recent reset for that FD.
+
+ A write of any non-empty string to this file resets it to the
+ current memory usage for subsequent reads through the same
+ file descriptor.
+
+ memory.oom.group
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default value is "0".
+
+ Determines whether the cgroup should be treated as
+ an indivisible workload by the OOM killer. If set,
+ all tasks belonging to the cgroup or to its descendants
+ (if the memory cgroup is not a leaf cgroup) are killed
+ together or not at all. This can be used to avoid
+ partial kills to guarantee workload integrity.
+
+ Tasks with the OOM protection (oom_score_adj set to -1000)
+ are treated as an exception and are never killed.
+
+ If the OOM killer is invoked in a cgroup, it's not going
+ to kill any tasks outside of this cgroup, regardless
+ memory.oom.group values of ancestor cgroups.
+
+ memory.events
+ A read-only flat-keyed file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ The following entries are defined. Unless specified
+ otherwise, a value change in this file generates a file
+ modified event.
+
+ Note that all fields in this file are hierarchical and the
+ file modified event can be generated due to an event down the
+ hierarchy. For the local events at the cgroup level see
+ memory.events.local.
+
+ low
+ The number of times the cgroup is reclaimed due to
+ high memory pressure even though its usage is under
+ the low boundary. This usually indicates that the low
+ boundary is over-committed.
+
+ high
+ The number of times processes of the cgroup are
+ throttled and routed to perform direct memory reclaim
+ because the high memory boundary was exceeded. For a
+ cgroup whose memory usage is capped by the high limit
+ rather than global memory pressure, this event's
+ occurrences are expected.
+
+ max
+ The number of times the cgroup's memory usage was
+ about to go over the max boundary. If direct reclaim
+ fails to bring it down, the cgroup goes to OOM state.
+
+ oom
+ The number of time the cgroup's memory usage was
+ reached the limit and allocation was about to fail.
+
+ This event is not raised if the OOM killer is not
+ considered as an option, e.g. for failed high-order
+ allocations or if caller asked to not retry attempts.
+
+ oom_kill
+ The number of processes belonging to this cgroup
+ killed by any kind of OOM killer.
+
+ oom_group_kill
+ The number of times a group OOM has occurred.
+
+ memory.events.local
+ Similar to memory.events but the fields in the file are local
+ to the cgroup i.e. not hierarchical. The file modified event
+ generated on this file reflects only the local events.
+
+ memory.stat
+ A read-only flat-keyed file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+
+ This breaks down the cgroup's memory footprint into different
+ types of memory, type-specific details, and other information
+ on the state and past events of the memory management system.
+
+ All memory amounts are in bytes.
+
+ The entries are ordered to be human readable, and new entries
+ can show up in the middle. Don't rely on items remaining in a
+ fixed position; use the keys to look up specific values!
+
+ If the entry has no per-node counter (or not show in the
+ memory.numa_stat). We use 'npn' (non-per-node) as the tag
+ to indicate that it will not show in the memory.numa_stat.
+
+ anon
+ Amount of memory used in anonymous mappings such as
+ brk(), sbrk(), and mmap(MAP_ANONYMOUS). Note that
+ some kernel configurations might account complete larger
+ allocations (e.g., THP) if only some, but not all the
+ memory of such an allocation is mapped anymore.
+
+ file
+ Amount of memory used to cache filesystem data,
+ including tmpfs and shared memory.
+
+ kernel (npn)
+ Amount of total kernel memory, including
+ (kernel_stack, pagetables, percpu, vmalloc, slab) in
+ addition to other kernel memory use cases.
+
+ kernel_stack
+ Amount of memory allocated to kernel stacks.
+
+ pagetables
+ Amount of memory allocated for page tables.
+
+ sec_pagetables
+ Amount of memory allocated for secondary page tables,
+ this currently includes KVM mmu allocations on x86
+ and arm64 and IOMMU page tables.
+
+ percpu (npn)
+ Amount of memory used for storing per-cpu kernel
+ data structures.
+
+ sock (npn)
+ Amount of memory used in network transmission buffers
+
+ vmalloc (npn)
+ Amount of memory used for vmap backed memory.
+
+ shmem
+ Amount of cached filesystem data that is swap-backed,
+ such as tmpfs, shm segments, shared anonymous mmap()s
+
+ zswap
+ Amount of memory consumed by the zswap compression backend.
+
+ zswapped
+ Amount of application memory swapped out to zswap.
+
+ file_mapped
+ Amount of cached filesystem data mapped with mmap(). Note
+ that some kernel configurations might account complete
+ larger allocations (e.g., THP) if only some, but not
+ not all the memory of such an allocation is mapped.
+
+ file_dirty
+ Amount of cached filesystem data that was modified but
+ not yet written back to disk
+
+ file_writeback
+ Amount of cached filesystem data that was modified and
+ is currently being written back to disk
+
+ swapcached
+ Amount of swap cached in memory. The swapcache is accounted
+ against both memory and swap usage.
+
+ anon_thp
+ Amount of memory used in anonymous mappings backed by
+ transparent hugepages
+
+ file_thp
+ Amount of cached filesystem data backed by transparent
+ hugepages
+
+ shmem_thp
+ Amount of shm, tmpfs, shared anonymous mmap()s backed by
+ transparent hugepages
+
+ inactive_anon, active_anon, inactive_file, active_file, unevictable
+ Amount of memory, swap-backed and filesystem-backed,
+ on the internal memory management lists used by the
+ page reclaim algorithm.
+
+ As these represent internal list state (eg. shmem pages are on anon
+ memory management lists), inactive_foo + active_foo may not be equal to
+ the value for the foo counter, since the foo counter is type-based, not
+ list-based.
+
+ slab_reclaimable
+ Part of "slab" that might be reclaimed, such as
+ dentries and inodes.
+
+ slab_unreclaimable
+ Part of "slab" that cannot be reclaimed on memory
+ pressure.
+
+ slab (npn)
+ Amount of memory used for storing in-kernel data
+ structures.
+
+ workingset_refault_anon
+ Number of refaults of previously evicted anonymous pages.
+
+ workingset_refault_file
+ Number of refaults of previously evicted file pages.
+
+ workingset_activate_anon
+ Number of refaulted anonymous pages that were immediately
+ activated.
+
+ workingset_activate_file
+ Number of refaulted file pages that were immediately activated.
+
+ workingset_restore_anon
+ Number of restored anonymous pages which have been detected as
+ an active workingset before they got reclaimed.
+
+ workingset_restore_file
+ Number of restored file pages which have been detected as an
+ active workingset before they got reclaimed.
+
+ workingset_nodereclaim
+ Number of times a shadow node has been reclaimed
+
+ pswpin (npn)
+ Number of pages swapped into memory
+
+ pswpout (npn)
+ Number of pages swapped out of memory
+
+ pgscan (npn)
+ Amount of scanned pages (in an inactive LRU list)
+
+ pgsteal (npn)
+ Amount of reclaimed pages
+
+ pgscan_kswapd (npn)
+ Amount of scanned pages by kswapd (in an inactive LRU list)
+
+ pgscan_direct (npn)
+ Amount of scanned pages directly (in an inactive LRU list)
+
+ pgscan_khugepaged (npn)
+ Amount of scanned pages by khugepaged (in an inactive LRU list)
+
+ pgscan_proactive (npn)
+ Amount of scanned pages proactively (in an inactive LRU list)
+
+ pgsteal_kswapd (npn)
+ Amount of reclaimed pages by kswapd
+
+ pgsteal_direct (npn)
+ Amount of reclaimed pages directly
+
+ pgsteal_khugepaged (npn)
+ Amount of reclaimed pages by khugepaged
+
+ pgsteal_proactive (npn)
+ Amount of reclaimed pages proactively
+
+ pgfault (npn)
+ Total number of page faults incurred
+
+ pgmajfault (npn)
+ Number of major page faults incurred
+
+ pgrefill (npn)
+ Amount of scanned pages (in an active LRU list)
+
+ pgactivate (npn)
+ Amount of pages moved to the active LRU list
+
+ pgdeactivate (npn)
+ Amount of pages moved to the inactive LRU list
+
+ pglazyfree (npn)
+ Amount of pages postponed to be freed under memory pressure
+
+ pglazyfreed (npn)
+ Amount of reclaimed lazyfree pages
+
+ swpin_zero
+ Number of pages swapped into memory and filled with zero, where I/O
+ was optimized out because the page content was detected to be zero
+ during swapout.
+
+ swpout_zero
+ Number of zero-filled pages swapped out with I/O skipped due to the
+ content being detected as zero.
+
+ zswpin
+ Number of pages moved in to memory from zswap.
+
+ zswpout
+ Number of pages moved out of memory to zswap.
+
+ zswpwb
+ Number of pages written from zswap to swap.
+
+ thp_fault_alloc (npn)
+ Number of transparent hugepages which were allocated to satisfy
+ a page fault. This counter is not present when CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
+ is not set.
+
+ thp_collapse_alloc (npn)
+ Number of transparent hugepages which were allocated to allow
+ collapsing an existing range of pages. This counter is not
+ present when CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE is not set.
+
+ thp_swpout (npn)
+ Number of transparent hugepages which are swapout in one piece
+ without splitting.
+
+ thp_swpout_fallback (npn)
+ Number of transparent hugepages which were split before swapout.
+ Usually because failed to allocate some continuous swap space
+ for the huge page.
+
+ numa_pages_migrated (npn)
+ Number of pages migrated by NUMA balancing.
+
+ numa_pte_updates (npn)
+ Number of pages whose page table entries are modified by
+ NUMA balancing to produce NUMA hinting faults on access.
+
+ numa_hint_faults (npn)
+ Number of NUMA hinting faults.
+
+ pgdemote_kswapd
+ Number of pages demoted by kswapd.
+
+ pgdemote_direct
+ Number of pages demoted directly.
+
+ pgdemote_khugepaged
+ Number of pages demoted by khugepaged.
+
+ pgdemote_proactive
+ Number of pages demoted by proactively.
+
+ hugetlb
+ Amount of memory used by hugetlb pages. This metric only shows
+ up if hugetlb usage is accounted for in memory.current (i.e.
+ cgroup is mounted with the memory_hugetlb_accounting option).
+
+ memory.numa_stat
+ A read-only nested-keyed file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+
+ This breaks down the cgroup's memory footprint into different
+ types of memory, type-specific details, and other information
+ per node on the state of the memory management system.
+
+ This is useful for providing visibility into the NUMA locality
+ information within an memcg since the pages are allowed to be
+ allocated from any physical node. One of the use case is evaluating
+ application performance by combining this information with the
+ application's CPU allocation.
+
+ All memory amounts are in bytes.
+
+ The output format of memory.numa_stat is::
+
+ type N0=<bytes in node 0> N1=<bytes in node 1> ...
+
+ The entries are ordered to be human readable, and new entries
+ can show up in the middle. Don't rely on items remaining in a
+ fixed position; use the keys to look up specific values!
+
+ The entries can refer to the memory.stat.
+
+ memory.swap.current
+ A read-only single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups.
+
+ The total amount of swap currently being used by the cgroup
+ and its descendants.
+
+ memory.swap.high
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "max".
+
+ Swap usage throttle limit. If a cgroup's swap usage exceeds
+ this limit, all its further allocations will be throttled to
+ allow userspace to implement custom out-of-memory procedures.
+
+ This limit marks a point of no return for the cgroup. It is NOT
+ designed to manage the amount of swapping a workload does
+ during regular operation. Compare to memory.swap.max, which
+ prohibits swapping past a set amount, but lets the cgroup
+ continue unimpeded as long as other memory can be reclaimed.
+
+ Healthy workloads are not expected to reach this limit.
+
+ memory.swap.peak
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+
+ The max swap usage recorded for the cgroup and its descendants since
+ the creation of the cgroup or the most recent reset for that FD.
+
+ A write of any non-empty string to this file resets it to the
+ current memory usage for subsequent reads through the same
+ file descriptor.
+
+ memory.swap.max
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "max".
+
+ Swap usage hard limit. If a cgroup's swap usage reaches this
+ limit, anonymous memory of the cgroup will not be swapped out.
+
+ memory.swap.events
+ A read-only flat-keyed file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ The following entries are defined. Unless specified
+ otherwise, a value change in this file generates a file
+ modified event.
+
+ high
+ The number of times the cgroup's swap usage was over
+ the high threshold.
+
+ max
+ The number of times the cgroup's swap usage was about
+ to go over the max boundary and swap allocation
+ failed.
+
+ fail
+ The number of times swap allocation failed either
+ because of running out of swap system-wide or max
+ limit.
+
+ When reduced under the current usage, the existing swap
+ entries are reclaimed gradually and the swap usage may stay
+ higher than the limit for an extended period of time. This
+ reduces the impact on the workload and memory management.
+
+ memory.zswap.current
+ A read-only single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups.
+
+ The total amount of memory consumed by the zswap compression
+ backend.
+
+ memory.zswap.max
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "max".
+
+ Zswap usage hard limit. If a cgroup's zswap pool reaches this
+ limit, it will refuse to take any more stores before existing
+ entries fault back in or are written out to disk.
+
+ memory.zswap.writeback
+ A read-write single value file. The default value is "1".
+ Note that this setting is hierarchical, i.e. the writeback would be
+ implicitly disabled for child cgroups if the upper hierarchy
+ does so.
+
+ When this is set to 0, all swapping attempts to swapping devices
+ are disabled. This included both zswap writebacks, and swapping due
+ to zswap store failures. If the zswap store failures are recurring
+ (for e.g if the pages are incompressible), users can observe
+ reclaim inefficiency after disabling writeback (because the same
+ pages might be rejected again and again).
+
+ Note that this is subtly different from setting memory.swap.max to
+ 0, as it still allows for pages to be written to the zswap pool.
+ This setting has no effect if zswap is disabled, and swapping
+ is allowed unless memory.swap.max is set to 0.
+
+ memory.pressure
+ A read-only nested-keyed file.
+
+ Shows pressure stall information for memory. See
+ :ref:`Documentation/accounting/psi.rst <psi>` for details.
+
+
+Usage Guidelines
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+"memory.high" is the main mechanism to control memory usage.
+Over-committing on high limit (sum of high limits > available memory)
+and letting global memory pressure to distribute memory according to
+usage is a viable strategy.
+
+Because breach of the high limit doesn't trigger the OOM killer but
+throttles the offending cgroup, a management agent has ample
+opportunities to monitor and take appropriate actions such as granting
+more memory or terminating the workload.
+
+Determining whether a cgroup has enough memory is not trivial as
+memory usage doesn't indicate whether the workload can benefit from
+more memory. For example, a workload which writes data received from
+network to a file can use all available memory but can also operate as
+performant with a small amount of memory. A measure of memory
+pressure - how much the workload is being impacted due to lack of
+memory - is necessary to determine whether a workload needs more
+memory; unfortunately, memory pressure monitoring mechanism isn't
+implemented yet.
+
+
+Memory Ownership
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A memory area is charged to the cgroup which instantiated it and stays
+charged to the cgroup until the area is released. Migrating a process
+to a different cgroup doesn't move the memory usages that it
+instantiated while in the previous cgroup to the new cgroup.
+
+A memory area may be used by processes belonging to different cgroups.
+To which cgroup the area will be charged is in-deterministic; however,
+over time, the memory area is likely to end up in a cgroup which has
+enough memory allowance to avoid high reclaim pressure.
+
+If a cgroup sweeps a considerable amount of memory which is expected
+to be accessed repeatedly by other cgroups, it may make sense to use
+POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED to relinquish the ownership of memory areas
+belonging to the affected files to ensure correct memory ownership.
+
+
+IO
+--
+
+The "io" controller regulates the distribution of IO resources. This
+controller implements both weight based and absolute bandwidth or IOPS
+limit distribution; however, weight based distribution is available
+only if cfq-iosched is in use and neither scheme is available for
+blk-mq devices.
+
+
+IO Interface Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ io.stat
+ A read-only nested-keyed file.
+
+ Lines are keyed by $MAJ:$MIN device numbers and not ordered.
+ The following nested keys are defined.
+
+ ====== =====================
+ rbytes Bytes read
+ wbytes Bytes written
+ rios Number of read IOs
+ wios Number of write IOs
+ dbytes Bytes discarded
+ dios Number of discard IOs
+ ====== =====================
+
+ An example read output follows::
+
+ 8:16 rbytes=1459200 wbytes=314773504 rios=192 wios=353 dbytes=0 dios=0
+ 8:0 rbytes=90430464 wbytes=299008000 rios=8950 wios=1252 dbytes=50331648 dios=3021
+
+ io.cost.qos
+ A read-write nested-keyed file which exists only on the root
+ cgroup.
+
+ This file configures the Quality of Service of the IO cost
+ model based controller (CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP_IOCOST) which
+ currently implements "io.weight" proportional control. Lines
+ are keyed by $MAJ:$MIN device numbers and not ordered. The
+ line for a given device is populated on the first write for
+ the device on "io.cost.qos" or "io.cost.model". The following
+ nested keys are defined.
+
+ ====== =====================================
+ enable Weight-based control enable
+ ctrl "auto" or "user"
+ rpct Read latency percentile [0, 100]
+ rlat Read latency threshold
+ wpct Write latency percentile [0, 100]
+ wlat Write latency threshold
+ min Minimum scaling percentage [1, 10000]
+ max Maximum scaling percentage [1, 10000]
+ ====== =====================================
+
+ The controller is disabled by default and can be enabled by
+ setting "enable" to 1. "rpct" and "wpct" parameters default
+ to zero and the controller uses internal device saturation
+ state to adjust the overall IO rate between "min" and "max".
+
+ When a better control quality is needed, latency QoS
+ parameters can be configured. For example::
+
+ 8:16 enable=1 ctrl=auto rpct=95.00 rlat=75000 wpct=95.00 wlat=150000 min=50.00 max=150.0
+
+ shows that on sdb, the controller is enabled, will consider
+ the device saturated if the 95th percentile of read completion
+ latencies is above 75ms or write 150ms, and adjust the overall
+ IO issue rate between 50% and 150% accordingly.
+
+ The lower the saturation point, the better the latency QoS at
+ the cost of aggregate bandwidth. The narrower the allowed
+ adjustment range between "min" and "max", the more conformant
+ to the cost model the IO behavior. Note that the IO issue
+ base rate may be far off from 100% and setting "min" and "max"
+ blindly can lead to a significant loss of device capacity or
+ control quality. "min" and "max" are useful for regulating
+ devices which show wide temporary behavior changes - e.g. a
+ ssd which accepts writes at the line speed for a while and
+ then completely stalls for multiple seconds.
+
+ When "ctrl" is "auto", the parameters are controlled by the
+ kernel and may change automatically. Setting "ctrl" to "user"
+ or setting any of the percentile and latency parameters puts
+ it into "user" mode and disables the automatic changes. The
+ automatic mode can be restored by setting "ctrl" to "auto".
+
+ io.cost.model
+ A read-write nested-keyed file which exists only on the root
+ cgroup.
+
+ This file configures the cost model of the IO cost model based
+ controller (CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP_IOCOST) which currently
+ implements "io.weight" proportional control. Lines are keyed
+ by $MAJ:$MIN device numbers and not ordered. The line for a
+ given device is populated on the first write for the device on
+ "io.cost.qos" or "io.cost.model". The following nested keys
+ are defined.
+
+ ===== ================================
+ ctrl "auto" or "user"
+ model The cost model in use - "linear"
+ ===== ================================
+
+ When "ctrl" is "auto", the kernel may change all parameters
+ dynamically. When "ctrl" is set to "user" or any other
+ parameters are written to, "ctrl" become "user" and the
+ automatic changes are disabled.
+
+ When "model" is "linear", the following model parameters are
+ defined.
+
+ ============= ========================================
+ [r|w]bps The maximum sequential IO throughput
+ [r|w]seqiops The maximum 4k sequential IOs per second
+ [r|w]randiops The maximum 4k random IOs per second
+ ============= ========================================
+
+ From the above, the builtin linear model determines the base
+ costs of a sequential and random IO and the cost coefficient
+ for the IO size. While simple, this model can cover most
+ common device classes acceptably.
+
+ The IO cost model isn't expected to be accurate in absolute
+ sense and is scaled to the device behavior dynamically.
+
+ If needed, tools/cgroup/iocost_coef_gen.py can be used to
+ generate device-specific coefficients.
+
+ io.weight
+ A read-write flat-keyed file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+ The default is "default 100".
+
+ The first line is the default weight applied to devices
+ without specific override. The rest are overrides keyed by
+ $MAJ:$MIN device numbers and not ordered. The weights are in
+ the range [1, 10000] and specifies the relative amount IO time
+ the cgroup can use in relation to its siblings.
+
+ The default weight can be updated by writing either "default
+ $WEIGHT" or simply "$WEIGHT". Overrides can be set by writing
+ "$MAJ:$MIN $WEIGHT" and unset by writing "$MAJ:$MIN default".
+
+ An example read output follows::
+
+ default 100
+ 8:16 200
+ 8:0 50
+
+ io.max
+ A read-write nested-keyed file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups.
+
+ BPS and IOPS based IO limit. Lines are keyed by $MAJ:$MIN
+ device numbers and not ordered. The following nested keys are
+ defined.
+
+ ===== ==================================
+ rbps Max read bytes per second
+ wbps Max write bytes per second
+ riops Max read IO operations per second
+ wiops Max write IO operations per second
+ ===== ==================================
+
+ When writing, any number of nested key-value pairs can be
+ specified in any order. "max" can be specified as the value
+ to remove a specific limit. If the same key is specified
+ multiple times, the outcome is undefined.
+
+ BPS and IOPS are measured in each IO direction and IOs are
+ delayed if limit is reached. Temporary bursts are allowed.
+
+ Setting read limit at 2M BPS and write at 120 IOPS for 8:16::
+
+ echo "8:16 rbps=2097152 wiops=120" > io.max
+
+ Reading returns the following::
+
+ 8:16 rbps=2097152 wbps=max riops=max wiops=120
+
+ Write IOPS limit can be removed by writing the following::
+
+ echo "8:16 wiops=max" > io.max
+
+ Reading now returns the following::
+
+ 8:16 rbps=2097152 wbps=max riops=max wiops=max
+
+ io.pressure
+ A read-only nested-keyed file.
+
+ Shows pressure stall information for IO. See
+ :ref:`Documentation/accounting/psi.rst <psi>` for details.
+
+
+Writeback
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+Page cache is dirtied through buffered writes and shared mmaps and
+written asynchronously to the backing filesystem by the writeback
+mechanism. Writeback sits between the memory and IO domains and
+regulates the proportion of dirty memory by balancing dirtying and
+write IOs.
+
+The io controller, in conjunction with the memory controller,
+implements control of page cache writeback IOs. The memory controller
+defines the memory domain that dirty memory ratio is calculated and
+maintained for and the io controller defines the io domain which
+writes out dirty pages for the memory domain. Both system-wide and
+per-cgroup dirty memory states are examined and the more restrictive
+of the two is enforced.
+
+cgroup writeback requires explicit support from the underlying
+filesystem. Currently, cgroup writeback is implemented on ext2, ext4,
+btrfs, f2fs, and xfs. On other filesystems, all writeback IOs are
+attributed to the root cgroup.
+
+There are inherent differences in memory and writeback management
+which affects how cgroup ownership is tracked. Memory is tracked per
+page while writeback per inode. For the purpose of writeback, an
+inode is assigned to a cgroup and all IO requests to write dirty pages
+from the inode are attributed to that cgroup.
+
+As cgroup ownership for memory is tracked per page, there can be pages
+which are associated with different cgroups than the one the inode is
+associated with. These are called foreign pages. The writeback
+constantly keeps track of foreign pages and, if a particular foreign
+cgroup becomes the majority over a certain period of time, switches
+the ownership of the inode to that cgroup.
+
+While this model is enough for most use cases where a given inode is
+mostly dirtied by a single cgroup even when the main writing cgroup
+changes over time, use cases where multiple cgroups write to a single
+inode simultaneously are not supported well. In such circumstances, a
+significant portion of IOs are likely to be attributed incorrectly.
+As memory controller assigns page ownership on the first use and
+doesn't update it until the page is released, even if writeback
+strictly follows page ownership, multiple cgroups dirtying overlapping
+areas wouldn't work as expected. It's recommended to avoid such usage
+patterns.
+
+The sysctl knobs which affect writeback behavior are applied to cgroup
+writeback as follows.
+
+ vm.dirty_background_ratio, vm.dirty_ratio
+ These ratios apply the same to cgroup writeback with the
+ amount of available memory capped by limits imposed by the
+ memory controller and system-wide clean memory.
+
+ vm.dirty_background_bytes, vm.dirty_bytes
+ For cgroup writeback, this is calculated into ratio against
+ total available memory and applied the same way as
+ vm.dirty[_background]_ratio.
+
+
+IO Latency
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is a cgroup v2 controller for IO workload protection. You provide a group
+with a latency target, and if the average latency exceeds that target the
+controller will throttle any peers that have a lower latency target than the
+protected workload.
+
+The limits are only applied at the peer level in the hierarchy. This means that
+in the diagram below, only groups A, B, and C will influence each other, and
+groups D and F will influence each other. Group G will influence nobody::
+
+ [root]
+ / | \
+ A B C
+ / \ |
+ D F G
+
+
+So the ideal way to configure this is to set io.latency in groups A, B, and C.
+Generally you do not want to set a value lower than the latency your device
+supports. Experiment to find the value that works best for your workload.
+Start at higher than the expected latency for your device and watch the
+avg_lat value in io.stat for your workload group to get an idea of the
+latency you see during normal operation. Use the avg_lat value as a basis for
+your real setting, setting at 10-15% higher than the value in io.stat.
+
+How IO Latency Throttling Works
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+io.latency is work conserving; so as long as everybody is meeting their latency
+target the controller doesn't do anything. Once a group starts missing its
+target it begins throttling any peer group that has a higher target than itself.
+This throttling takes 2 forms:
+
+- Queue depth throttling. This is the number of outstanding IO's a group is
+ allowed to have. We will clamp down relatively quickly, starting at no limit
+ and going all the way down to 1 IO at a time.
+
+- Artificial delay induction. There are certain types of IO that cannot be
+ throttled without possibly adversely affecting higher priority groups. This
+ includes swapping and metadata IO. These types of IO are allowed to occur
+ normally, however they are "charged" to the originating group. If the
+ originating group is being throttled you will see the use_delay and delay
+ fields in io.stat increase. The delay value is how many microseconds that are
+ being added to any process that runs in this group. Because this number can
+ grow quite large if there is a lot of swapping or metadata IO occurring we
+ limit the individual delay events to 1 second at a time.
+
+Once the victimized group starts meeting its latency target again it will start
+unthrottling any peer groups that were throttled previously. If the victimized
+group simply stops doing IO the global counter will unthrottle appropriately.
+
+IO Latency Interface Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ io.latency
+ This takes a similar format as the other controllers.
+
+ "MAJOR:MINOR target=<target time in microseconds>"
+
+ io.stat
+ If the controller is enabled you will see extra stats in io.stat in
+ addition to the normal ones.
+
+ depth
+ This is the current queue depth for the group.
+
+ avg_lat
+ This is an exponential moving average with a decay rate of 1/exp
+ bound by the sampling interval. The decay rate interval can be
+ calculated by multiplying the win value in io.stat by the
+ corresponding number of samples based on the win value.
+
+ win
+ The sampling window size in milliseconds. This is the minimum
+ duration of time between evaluation events. Windows only elapse
+ with IO activity. Idle periods extend the most recent window.
+
+IO Priority
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A single attribute controls the behavior of the I/O priority cgroup policy,
+namely the io.prio.class attribute. The following values are accepted for
+that attribute:
+
+ no-change
+ Do not modify the I/O priority class.
+
+ promote-to-rt
+ For requests that have a non-RT I/O priority class, change it into RT.
+ Also change the priority level of these requests to 4. Do not modify
+ the I/O priority of requests that have priority class RT.
+
+ restrict-to-be
+ For requests that do not have an I/O priority class or that have I/O
+ priority class RT, change it into BE. Also change the priority level
+ of these requests to 0. Do not modify the I/O priority class of
+ requests that have priority class IDLE.
+
+ idle
+ Change the I/O priority class of all requests into IDLE, the lowest
+ I/O priority class.
+
+ none-to-rt
+ Deprecated. Just an alias for promote-to-rt.
+
+The following numerical values are associated with the I/O priority policies:
+
++----------------+---+
+| no-change | 0 |
++----------------+---+
+| promote-to-rt | 1 |
++----------------+---+
+| restrict-to-be | 2 |
++----------------+---+
+| idle | 3 |
++----------------+---+
+
+The numerical value that corresponds to each I/O priority class is as follows:
+
++-------------------------------+---+
+| IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE | 0 |
++-------------------------------+---+
+| IOPRIO_CLASS_RT (real-time) | 1 |
++-------------------------------+---+
+| IOPRIO_CLASS_BE (best effort) | 2 |
++-------------------------------+---+
+| IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE | 3 |
++-------------------------------+---+
+
+The algorithm to set the I/O priority class for a request is as follows:
+
+- If I/O priority class policy is promote-to-rt, change the request I/O
+ priority class to IOPRIO_CLASS_RT and change the request I/O priority
+ level to 4.
+- If I/O priority class policy is not promote-to-rt, translate the I/O priority
+ class policy into a number, then change the request I/O priority class
+ into the maximum of the I/O priority class policy number and the numerical
+ I/O priority class.
+
+PID
+---
+
+The process number controller is used to allow a cgroup to stop any
+new tasks from being fork()'d or clone()'d after a specified limit is
+reached.
+
+The number of tasks in a cgroup can be exhausted in ways which other
+controllers cannot prevent, thus warranting its own controller. For
+example, a fork bomb is likely to exhaust the number of tasks before
+hitting memory restrictions.
+
+Note that PIDs used in this controller refer to TIDs, process IDs as
+used by the kernel.
+
+
+PID Interface Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ pids.max
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cgroups. The default is "max".
+
+ Hard limit of number of processes.
+
+ pids.current
+ A read-only single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+
+ The number of processes currently in the cgroup and its
+ descendants.
+
+ pids.peak
+ A read-only single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+
+ The maximum value that the number of processes in the cgroup and its
+ descendants has ever reached.
+
+ pids.events
+ A read-only flat-keyed file which exists on non-root cgroups. Unless
+ specified otherwise, a value change in this file generates a file
+ modified event. The following entries are defined.
+
+ max
+ The number of times the cgroup's total number of processes hit the pids.max
+ limit (see also pids_localevents).
+
+ pids.events.local
+ Similar to pids.events but the fields in the file are local
+ to the cgroup i.e. not hierarchical. The file modified event
+ generated on this file reflects only the local events.
+
+Organisational operations are not blocked by cgroup policies, so it is
+possible to have pids.current > pids.max. This can be done by either
+setting the limit to be smaller than pids.current, or attaching enough
+processes to the cgroup such that pids.current is larger than
+pids.max. However, it is not possible to violate a cgroup PID policy
+through fork() or clone(). These will return -EAGAIN if the creation
+of a new process would cause a cgroup policy to be violated.
+
+
+Cpuset
+------
+
+The "cpuset" controller provides a mechanism for constraining
+the CPU and memory node placement of tasks to only the resources
+specified in the cpuset interface files in a task's current cgroup.
+This is especially valuable on large NUMA systems where placing jobs
+on properly sized subsets of the systems with careful processor and
+memory placement to reduce cross-node memory access and contention
+can improve overall system performance.
+
+The "cpuset" controller is hierarchical. That means the controller
+cannot use CPUs or memory nodes not allowed in its parent.
+
+
+Cpuset Interface Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ cpuset.cpus
+ A read-write multiple values file which exists on non-root
+ cpuset-enabled cgroups.
+
+ It lists the requested CPUs to be used by tasks within this
+ cgroup. The actual list of CPUs to be granted, however, is
+ subjected to constraints imposed by its parent and can differ
+ from the requested CPUs.
+
+ The CPU numbers are comma-separated numbers or ranges.
+ For example::
+
+ # cat cpuset.cpus
+ 0-4,6,8-10
+
+ An empty value indicates that the cgroup is using the same
+ setting as the nearest cgroup ancestor with a non-empty
+ "cpuset.cpus" or all the available CPUs if none is found.
+
+ The value of "cpuset.cpus" stays constant until the next update
+ and won't be affected by any CPU hotplug events.
+
+ cpuset.cpus.effective
+ A read-only multiple values file which exists on all
+ cpuset-enabled cgroups.
+
+ It lists the onlined CPUs that are actually granted to this
+ cgroup by its parent. These CPUs are allowed to be used by
+ tasks within the current cgroup.
+
+ If "cpuset.cpus" is empty, the "cpuset.cpus.effective" file shows
+ all the CPUs from the parent cgroup that can be available to
+ be used by this cgroup. Otherwise, it should be a subset of
+ "cpuset.cpus" unless none of the CPUs listed in "cpuset.cpus"
+ can be granted. In this case, it will be treated just like an
+ empty "cpuset.cpus".
+
+ Its value will be affected by CPU hotplug events.
+
+ cpuset.mems
+ A read-write multiple values file which exists on non-root
+ cpuset-enabled cgroups.
+
+ It lists the requested memory nodes to be used by tasks within
+ this cgroup. The actual list of memory nodes granted, however,
+ is subjected to constraints imposed by its parent and can differ
+ from the requested memory nodes.
+
+ The memory node numbers are comma-separated numbers or ranges.
+ For example::
+
+ # cat cpuset.mems
+ 0-1,3
+
+ An empty value indicates that the cgroup is using the same
+ setting as the nearest cgroup ancestor with a non-empty
+ "cpuset.mems" or all the available memory nodes if none
+ is found.
+
+ The value of "cpuset.mems" stays constant until the next update
+ and won't be affected by any memory nodes hotplug events.
+
+ Setting a non-empty value to "cpuset.mems" causes memory of
+ tasks within the cgroup to be migrated to the designated nodes if
+ they are currently using memory outside of the designated nodes.
+
+ There is a cost for this memory migration. The migration
+ may not be complete and some memory pages may be left behind.
+ So it is recommended that "cpuset.mems" should be set properly
+ before spawning new tasks into the cpuset. Even if there is
+ a need to change "cpuset.mems" with active tasks, it shouldn't
+ be done frequently.
+
+ cpuset.mems.effective
+ A read-only multiple values file which exists on all
+ cpuset-enabled cgroups.
+
+ It lists the onlined memory nodes that are actually granted to
+ this cgroup by its parent. These memory nodes are allowed to
+ be used by tasks within the current cgroup.
+
+ If "cpuset.mems" is empty, it shows all the memory nodes from the
+ parent cgroup that will be available to be used by this cgroup.
+ Otherwise, it should be a subset of "cpuset.mems" unless none of
+ the memory nodes listed in "cpuset.mems" can be granted. In this
+ case, it will be treated just like an empty "cpuset.mems".
+
+ Its value will be affected by memory nodes hotplug events.
+
+ cpuset.cpus.exclusive
+ A read-write multiple values file which exists on non-root
+ cpuset-enabled cgroups.
+
+ It lists all the exclusive CPUs that are allowed to be used
+ to create a new cpuset partition. Its value is not used
+ unless the cgroup becomes a valid partition root. See the
+ "cpuset.cpus.partition" section below for a description of what
+ a cpuset partition is.
+
+ When the cgroup becomes a partition root, the actual exclusive
+ CPUs that are allocated to that partition are listed in
+ "cpuset.cpus.exclusive.effective" which may be different
+ from "cpuset.cpus.exclusive". If "cpuset.cpus.exclusive"
+ has previously been set, "cpuset.cpus.exclusive.effective"
+ is always a subset of it.
+
+ Users can manually set it to a value that is different from
+ "cpuset.cpus". One constraint in setting it is that the list of
+ CPUs must be exclusive with respect to "cpuset.cpus.exclusive"
+ of its sibling. If "cpuset.cpus.exclusive" of a sibling cgroup
+ isn't set, its "cpuset.cpus" value, if set, cannot be a subset
+ of it to leave at least one CPU available when the exclusive
+ CPUs are taken away.
+
+ For a parent cgroup, any one of its exclusive CPUs can only
+ be distributed to at most one of its child cgroups. Having an
+ exclusive CPU appearing in two or more of its child cgroups is
+ not allowed (the exclusivity rule). A value that violates the
+ exclusivity rule will be rejected with a write error.
+
+ The root cgroup is a partition root and all its available CPUs
+ are in its exclusive CPU set.
+
+ cpuset.cpus.exclusive.effective
+ A read-only multiple values file which exists on all non-root
+ cpuset-enabled cgroups.
+
+ This file shows the effective set of exclusive CPUs that
+ can be used to create a partition root. The content
+ of this file will always be a subset of its parent's
+ "cpuset.cpus.exclusive.effective" if its parent is not the root
+ cgroup. It will also be a subset of "cpuset.cpus.exclusive"
+ if it is set. If "cpuset.cpus.exclusive" is not set, it is
+ treated to have an implicit value of "cpuset.cpus" in the
+ formation of local partition.
+
+ cpuset.cpus.isolated
+ A read-only and root cgroup only multiple values file.
+
+ This file shows the set of all isolated CPUs used in existing
+ isolated partitions. It will be empty if no isolated partition
+ is created.
+
+ cpuset.cpus.partition
+ A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
+ cpuset-enabled cgroups. This flag is owned by the parent cgroup
+ and is not delegatable.
+
+ It accepts only the following input values when written to.
+
+ ========== =====================================
+ "member" Non-root member of a partition
+ "root" Partition root
+ "isolated" Partition root without load balancing
+ ========== =====================================
+
+ A cpuset partition is a collection of cpuset-enabled cgroups with
+ a partition root at the top of the hierarchy and its descendants
+ except those that are separate partition roots themselves and
+ their descendants. A partition has exclusive access to the
+ set of exclusive CPUs allocated to it. Other cgroups outside
+ of that partition cannot use any CPUs in that set.
+
+ There are two types of partitions - local and remote. A local
+ partition is one whose parent cgroup is also a valid partition
+ root. A remote partition is one whose parent cgroup is not a
+ valid partition root itself. Writing to "cpuset.cpus.exclusive"
+ is optional for the creation of a local partition as its
+ "cpuset.cpus.exclusive" file will assume an implicit value that
+ is the same as "cpuset.cpus" if it is not set. Writing the
+ proper "cpuset.cpus.exclusive" values down the cgroup hierarchy
+ before the target partition root is mandatory for the creation
+ of a remote partition.
+
+ Currently, a remote partition cannot be created under a local
+ partition. All the ancestors of a remote partition root except
+ the root cgroup cannot be a partition root.
+
+ The root cgroup is always a partition root and its state cannot
+ be changed. All other non-root cgroups start out as "member".
+
+ When set to "root", the current cgroup is the root of a new
+ partition or scheduling domain. The set of exclusive CPUs is
+ determined by the value of its "cpuset.cpus.exclusive.effective".
+
+ When set to "isolated", the CPUs in that partition will be in
+ an isolated state without any load balancing from the scheduler
+ and excluded from the unbound workqueues. Tasks placed in such
+ a partition with multiple CPUs should be carefully distributed
+ and bound to each of the individual CPUs for optimal performance.
+
+ A partition root ("root" or "isolated") can be in one of the
+ two possible states - valid or invalid. An invalid partition
+ root is in a degraded state where some state information may
+ be retained, but behaves more like a "member".
+
+ All possible state transitions among "member", "root" and
+ "isolated" are allowed.
+
+ On read, the "cpuset.cpus.partition" file can show the following
+ values.
+
+ ============================= =====================================
+ "member" Non-root member of a partition
+ "root" Partition root
+ "isolated" Partition root without load balancing
+ "root invalid (<reason>)" Invalid partition root
+ "isolated invalid (<reason>)" Invalid isolated partition root
+ ============================= =====================================
+
+ In the case of an invalid partition root, a descriptive string on
+ why the partition is invalid is included within parentheses.
+
+ For a local partition root to be valid, the following conditions
+ must be met.
+
+ 1) The parent cgroup is a valid partition root.
+ 2) The "cpuset.cpus.exclusive.effective" file cannot be empty,
+ though it may contain offline CPUs.
+ 3) The "cpuset.cpus.effective" cannot be empty unless there is
+ no task associated with this partition.
+
+ For a remote partition root to be valid, all the above conditions
+ except the first one must be met.
+
+ External events like hotplug or changes to "cpuset.cpus" or
+ "cpuset.cpus.exclusive" can cause a valid partition root to
+ become invalid and vice versa. Note that a task cannot be
+ moved to a cgroup with empty "cpuset.cpus.effective".
+
+ A valid non-root parent partition may distribute out all its CPUs
+ to its child local partitions when there is no task associated
+ with it.
+
+ Care must be taken to change a valid partition root to "member"
+ as all its child local partitions, if present, will become
+ invalid causing disruption to tasks running in those child
+ partitions. These inactivated partitions could be recovered if
+ their parent is switched back to a partition root with a proper
+ value in "cpuset.cpus" or "cpuset.cpus.exclusive".
+
+ Poll and inotify events are triggered whenever the state of
+ "cpuset.cpus.partition" changes. That includes changes caused
+ by write to "cpuset.cpus.partition", cpu hotplug or other
+ changes that modify the validity status of the partition.
+ This will allow user space agents to monitor unexpected changes
+ to "cpuset.cpus.partition" without the need to do continuous
+ polling.
+
+ A user can pre-configure certain CPUs to an isolated state
+ with load balancing disabled at boot time with the "isolcpus"
+ kernel boot command line option. If those CPUs are to be put
+ into a partition, they have to be used in an isolated partition.
+
+
+Device controller
+-----------------
+
+Device controller manages access to device files. It includes both
+creation of new device files (using mknod), and access to the
+existing device files.
+
+Cgroup v2 device controller has no interface files and is implemented
+on top of cgroup BPF. To control access to device files, a user may
+create bpf programs of type BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE and attach
+them to cgroups with BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE flag. On an attempt to access a
+device file, corresponding BPF programs will be executed, and depending
+on the return value the attempt will succeed or fail with -EPERM.
+
+A BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE program takes a pointer to the
+bpf_cgroup_dev_ctx structure, which describes the device access attempt:
+access type (mknod/read/write) and device (type, major and minor numbers).
+If the program returns 0, the attempt fails with -EPERM, otherwise it
+succeeds.
+
+An example of BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE program may be found in
+tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/dev_cgroup.c in the kernel source tree.
+
+
+RDMA
+----
+
+The "rdma" controller regulates the distribution and accounting of
+RDMA resources.
+
+RDMA Interface Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ rdma.max
+ A readwrite nested-keyed file that exists for all the cgroups
+ except root that describes current configured resource limit
+ for a RDMA/IB device.
+
+ Lines are keyed by device name and are not ordered.
+ Each line contains space separated resource name and its configured
+ limit that can be distributed.
+
+ The following nested keys are defined.
+
+ ========== =============================
+ hca_handle Maximum number of HCA Handles
+ hca_object Maximum number of HCA Objects
+ ========== =============================
+
+ An example for mlx4 and ocrdma device follows::
+
+ mlx4_0 hca_handle=2 hca_object=2000
+ ocrdma1 hca_handle=3 hca_object=max
+
+ rdma.current
+ A read-only file that describes current resource usage.
+ It exists for all the cgroup except root.
+
+ An example for mlx4 and ocrdma device follows::
+
+ mlx4_0 hca_handle=1 hca_object=20
+ ocrdma1 hca_handle=1 hca_object=23
+
+DMEM
+----
+
+The "dmem" controller regulates the distribution and accounting of
+device memory regions. Because each memory region may have its own page size,
+which does not have to be equal to the system page size, the units are always bytes.
+
+DMEM Interface Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ dmem.max, dmem.min, dmem.low
+ A readwrite nested-keyed file that exists for all the cgroups
+ except root that describes current configured resource limit
+ for a region.
+
+ An example for xe follows::
+
+ drm/0000:03:00.0/vram0 1073741824
+ drm/0000:03:00.0/stolen max
+
+ The semantics are the same as for the memory cgroup controller, and are
+ calculated in the same way.
+
+ dmem.capacity
+ A read-only file that describes maximum region capacity.
+ It only exists on the root cgroup. Not all memory can be
+ allocated by cgroups, as the kernel reserves some for
+ internal use.
+
+ An example for xe follows::
+
+ drm/0000:03:00.0/vram0 8514437120
+ drm/0000:03:00.0/stolen 67108864
+
+ dmem.current
+ A read-only file that describes current resource usage.
+ It exists for all the cgroup except root.
+
+ An example for xe follows::
+
+ drm/0000:03:00.0/vram0 12550144
+ drm/0000:03:00.0/stolen 8650752
+
+HugeTLB
+-------
+
+The HugeTLB controller allows to limit the HugeTLB usage per control group and
+enforces the controller limit during page fault.
+
+HugeTLB Interface Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.current
+ Show current usage for "hugepagesize" hugetlb. It exists for all
+ the cgroup except root.
+
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.max
+ Set/show the hard limit of "hugepagesize" hugetlb usage.
+ The default value is "max". It exists for all the cgroup except root.
+
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.events
+ A read-only flat-keyed file which exists on non-root cgroups.
+
+ max
+ The number of allocation failure due to HugeTLB limit
+
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.events.local
+ Similar to hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.events but the fields in the file
+ are local to the cgroup i.e. not hierarchical. The file modified event
+ generated on this file reflects only the local events.
+
+ hugetlb.<hugepagesize>.numa_stat
+ Similar to memory.numa_stat, it shows the numa information of the
+ hugetlb pages of <hugepagesize> in this cgroup. Only active in
+ use hugetlb pages are included. The per-node values are in bytes.
+
+Misc
+----
+
+The Miscellaneous cgroup provides the resource limiting and tracking
+mechanism for the scalar resources which cannot be abstracted like the other
+cgroup resources. Controller is enabled by the CONFIG_CGROUP_MISC config
+option.
+
+A resource can be added to the controller via enum misc_res_type{} in the
+include/linux/misc_cgroup.h file and the corresponding name via misc_res_name[]
+in the kernel/cgroup/misc.c file. Provider of the resource must set its
+capacity prior to using the resource by calling misc_cg_set_capacity().
+
+Once a capacity is set then the resource usage can be updated using charge and
+uncharge APIs. All of the APIs to interact with misc controller are in
+include/linux/misc_cgroup.h.
+
+Misc Interface Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Miscellaneous controller provides 3 interface files. If two misc resources (res_a and res_b) are registered then:
+
+ misc.capacity
+ A read-only flat-keyed file shown only in the root cgroup. It shows
+ miscellaneous scalar resources available on the platform along with
+ their quantities::
+
+ $ cat misc.capacity
+ res_a 50
+ res_b 10
+
+ misc.current
+ A read-only flat-keyed file shown in the all cgroups. It shows
+ the current usage of the resources in the cgroup and its children.::
+
+ $ cat misc.current
+ res_a 3
+ res_b 0
+
+ misc.peak
+ A read-only flat-keyed file shown in all cgroups. It shows the
+ historical maximum usage of the resources in the cgroup and its
+ children.::
+
+ $ cat misc.peak
+ res_a 10
+ res_b 8
+
+ misc.max
+ A read-write flat-keyed file shown in the non root cgroups. Allowed
+ maximum usage of the resources in the cgroup and its children.::
+
+ $ cat misc.max
+ res_a max
+ res_b 4
+
+ Limit can be set by::
+
+ # echo res_a 1 > misc.max
+
+ Limit can be set to max by::
+
+ # echo res_a max > misc.max
+
+ Limits can be set higher than the capacity value in the misc.capacity
+ file.
+
+ misc.events
+ A read-only flat-keyed file which exists on non-root cgroups. The
+ following entries are defined. Unless specified otherwise, a value
+ change in this file generates a file modified event. All fields in
+ this file are hierarchical.
+
+ max
+ The number of times the cgroup's resource usage was
+ about to go over the max boundary.
+
+ misc.events.local
+ Similar to misc.events but the fields in the file are local to the
+ cgroup i.e. not hierarchical. The file modified event generated on
+ this file reflects only the local events.
+
+Migration and Ownership
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A miscellaneous scalar resource is charged to the cgroup in which it is used
+first, and stays charged to that cgroup until that resource is freed. Migrating
+a process to a different cgroup does not move the charge to the destination
+cgroup where the process has moved.
+
+Others
+------
+
+perf_event
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+perf_event controller, if not mounted on a legacy hierarchy, is
+automatically enabled on the v2 hierarchy so that perf events can
+always be filtered by cgroup v2 path. The controller can still be
+moved to a legacy hierarchy after v2 hierarchy is populated.
+
+
+Non-normative information
+-------------------------
+
+This section contains information that isn't considered to be a part of
+the stable kernel API and so is subject to change.
+
+
+CPU controller root cgroup process behaviour
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When distributing CPU cycles in the root cgroup each thread in this
+cgroup is treated as if it was hosted in a separate child cgroup of the
+root cgroup. This child cgroup weight is dependent on its thread nice
+level.
+
+For details of this mapping see sched_prio_to_weight array in
+kernel/sched/core.c file (values from this array should be scaled
+appropriately so the neutral - nice 0 - value is 100 instead of 1024).
+
+
+IO controller root cgroup process behaviour
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Root cgroup processes are hosted in an implicit leaf child node.
+When distributing IO resources this implicit child node is taken into
+account as if it was a normal child cgroup of the root cgroup with a
+weight value of 200.
+
+
+Namespace
+=========
+
+Basics
+------
+
+cgroup namespace provides a mechanism to virtualize the view of the
+"/proc/$PID/cgroup" file and cgroup mounts. The CLONE_NEWCGROUP clone
+flag can be used with clone(2) and unshare(2) to create a new cgroup
+namespace. The process running inside the cgroup namespace will have
+its "/proc/$PID/cgroup" output restricted to cgroupns root. The
+cgroupns root is the cgroup of the process at the time of creation of
+the cgroup namespace.
+
+Without cgroup namespace, the "/proc/$PID/cgroup" file shows the
+complete path of the cgroup of a process. In a container setup where
+a set of cgroups and namespaces are intended to isolate processes the
+"/proc/$PID/cgroup" file may leak potential system level information
+to the isolated processes. For example::
+
+ # cat /proc/self/cgroup
+ 0::/batchjobs/container_id1
+
+The path '/batchjobs/container_id1' can be considered as system-data
+and undesirable to expose to the isolated processes. cgroup namespace
+can be used to restrict visibility of this path. For example, before
+creating a cgroup namespace, one would see::
+
+ # ls -l /proc/self/ns/cgroup
+ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2014-07-15 10:37 /proc/self/ns/cgroup -> cgroup:[4026531835]
+ # cat /proc/self/cgroup
+ 0::/batchjobs/container_id1
+
+After unsharing a new namespace, the view changes::
+
+ # ls -l /proc/self/ns/cgroup
+ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2014-07-15 10:35 /proc/self/ns/cgroup -> cgroup:[4026532183]
+ # cat /proc/self/cgroup
+ 0::/
+
+When some thread from a multi-threaded process unshares its cgroup
+namespace, the new cgroupns gets applied to the entire process (all
+the threads). This is natural for the v2 hierarchy; however, for the
+legacy hierarchies, this may be unexpected.
+
+A cgroup namespace is alive as long as there are processes inside or
+mounts pinning it. When the last usage goes away, the cgroup
+namespace is destroyed. The cgroupns root and the actual cgroups
+remain.
+
+
+The Root and Views
+------------------
+
+The 'cgroupns root' for a cgroup namespace is the cgroup in which the
+process calling unshare(2) is running. For example, if a process in
+/batchjobs/container_id1 cgroup calls unshare, cgroup
+/batchjobs/container_id1 becomes the cgroupns root. For the
+init_cgroup_ns, this is the real root ('/') cgroup.
+
+The cgroupns root cgroup does not change even if the namespace creator
+process later moves to a different cgroup::
+
+ # ~/unshare -c # unshare cgroupns in some cgroup
+ # cat /proc/self/cgroup
+ 0::/
+ # mkdir sub_cgrp_1
+ # echo 0 > sub_cgrp_1/cgroup.procs
+ # cat /proc/self/cgroup
+ 0::/sub_cgrp_1
+
+Each process gets its namespace-specific view of "/proc/$PID/cgroup"
+
+Processes running inside the cgroup namespace will be able to see
+cgroup paths (in /proc/self/cgroup) only inside their root cgroup.
+From within an unshared cgroupns::
+
+ # sleep 100000 &
+ [1] 7353
+ # echo 7353 > sub_cgrp_1/cgroup.procs
+ # cat /proc/7353/cgroup
+ 0::/sub_cgrp_1
+
+From the initial cgroup namespace, the real cgroup path will be
+visible::
+
+ $ cat /proc/7353/cgroup
+ 0::/batchjobs/container_id1/sub_cgrp_1
+
+From a sibling cgroup namespace (that is, a namespace rooted at a
+different cgroup), the cgroup path relative to its own cgroup
+namespace root will be shown. For instance, if PID 7353's cgroup
+namespace root is at '/batchjobs/container_id2', then it will see::
+
+ # cat /proc/7353/cgroup
+ 0::/../container_id2/sub_cgrp_1
+
+Note that the relative path always starts with '/' to indicate that
+its relative to the cgroup namespace root of the caller.
+
+
+Migration and setns(2)
+----------------------
+
+Processes inside a cgroup namespace can move into and out of the
+namespace root if they have proper access to external cgroups. For
+example, from inside a namespace with cgroupns root at
+/batchjobs/container_id1, and assuming that the global hierarchy is
+still accessible inside cgroupns::
+
+ # cat /proc/7353/cgroup
+ 0::/sub_cgrp_1
+ # echo 7353 > batchjobs/container_id2/cgroup.procs
+ # cat /proc/7353/cgroup
+ 0::/../container_id2
+
+Note that this kind of setup is not encouraged. A task inside cgroup
+namespace should only be exposed to its own cgroupns hierarchy.
+
+setns(2) to another cgroup namespace is allowed when:
+
+(a) the process has CAP_SYS_ADMIN against its current user namespace
+(b) the process has CAP_SYS_ADMIN against the target cgroup
+ namespace's userns
+
+No implicit cgroup changes happen with attaching to another cgroup
+namespace. It is expected that the someone moves the attaching
+process under the target cgroup namespace root.
+
+
+Interaction with Other Namespaces
+---------------------------------
+
+Namespace specific cgroup hierarchy can be mounted by a process
+running inside a non-init cgroup namespace::
+
+ # mount -t cgroup2 none $MOUNT_POINT
+
+This will mount the unified cgroup hierarchy with cgroupns root as the
+filesystem root. The process needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN against its user and
+mount namespaces.
+
+The virtualization of /proc/self/cgroup file combined with restricting
+the view of cgroup hierarchy by namespace-private cgroupfs mount
+provides a properly isolated cgroup view inside the container.
+
+
+Information on Kernel Programming
+=================================
+
+This section contains kernel programming information in the areas
+where interacting with cgroup is necessary. cgroup core and
+controllers are not covered.
+
+
+Filesystem Support for Writeback
+--------------------------------
+
+A filesystem can support cgroup writeback by updating
+address_space_operations->writepages() to annotate bio's using the
+following two functions.
+
+ wbc_init_bio(@wbc, @bio)
+ Should be called for each bio carrying writeback data and
+ associates the bio with the inode's owner cgroup and the
+ corresponding request queue. This must be called after
+ a queue (device) has been associated with the bio and
+ before submission.
+
+ wbc_account_cgroup_owner(@wbc, @folio, @bytes)
+ Should be called for each data segment being written out.
+ While this function doesn't care exactly when it's called
+ during the writeback session, it's the easiest and most
+ natural to call it as data segments are added to a bio.
+
+With writeback bio's annotated, cgroup support can be enabled per
+super_block by setting SB_I_CGROUPWB in ->s_iflags. This allows for
+selective disabling of cgroup writeback support which is helpful when
+certain filesystem features, e.g. journaled data mode, are
+incompatible.
+
+wbc_init_bio() binds the specified bio to its cgroup. Depending on
+the configuration, the bio may be executed at a lower priority and if
+the writeback session is holding shared resources, e.g. a journal
+entry, may lead to priority inversion. There is no one easy solution
+for the problem. Filesystems can try to work around specific problem
+cases by skipping wbc_init_bio() and using bio_associate_blkg()
+directly.
+
+
+Deprecated v1 Core Features
+===========================
+
+- Multiple hierarchies including named ones are not supported.
+
+- All v1 mount options are not supported.
+
+- The "tasks" file is removed and "cgroup.procs" is not sorted.
+
+- "cgroup.clone_children" is removed.
+
+- /proc/cgroups is meaningless for v2. Use "cgroup.controllers" or
+ "cgroup.stat" files at the root instead.
+
+
+Issues with v1 and Rationales for v2
+====================================
+
+Multiple Hierarchies
+--------------------
+
+cgroup v1 allowed an arbitrary number of hierarchies and each
+hierarchy could host any number of controllers. While this seemed to
+provide a high level of flexibility, it wasn't useful in practice.
+
+For example, as there is only one instance of each controller, utility
+type controllers such as freezer which can be useful in all
+hierarchies could only be used in one. The issue is exacerbated by
+the fact that controllers couldn't be moved to another hierarchy once
+hierarchies were populated. Another issue was that all controllers
+bound to a hierarchy were forced to have exactly the same view of the
+hierarchy. It wasn't possible to vary the granularity depending on
+the specific controller.
+
+In practice, these issues heavily limited which controllers could be
+put on the same hierarchy and most configurations resorted to putting
+each controller on its own hierarchy. Only closely related ones, such
+as the cpu and cpuacct controllers, made sense to be put on the same
+hierarchy. This often meant that userland ended up managing multiple
+similar hierarchies repeating the same steps on each hierarchy
+whenever a hierarchy management operation was necessary.
+
+Furthermore, support for multiple hierarchies came at a steep cost.
+It greatly complicated cgroup core implementation but more importantly
+the support for multiple hierarchies restricted how cgroup could be
+used in general and what controllers was able to do.
+
+There was no limit on how many hierarchies there might be, which meant
+that a thread's cgroup membership couldn't be described in finite
+length. The key might contain any number of entries and was unlimited
+in length, which made it highly awkward to manipulate and led to
+addition of controllers which existed only to identify membership,
+which in turn exacerbated the original problem of proliferating number
+of hierarchies.
+
+Also, as a controller couldn't have any expectation regarding the
+topologies of hierarchies other controllers might be on, each
+controller had to assume that all other controllers were attached to
+completely orthogonal hierarchies. This made it impossible, or at
+least very cumbersome, for controllers to cooperate with each other.
+
+In most use cases, putting controllers on hierarchies which are
+completely orthogonal to each other isn't necessary. What usually is
+called for is the ability to have differing levels of granularity
+depending on the specific controller. In other words, hierarchy may
+be collapsed from leaf towards root when viewed from specific
+controllers. For example, a given configuration might not care about
+how memory is distributed beyond a certain level while still wanting
+to control how CPU cycles are distributed.
+
+
+Thread Granularity
+------------------
+
+cgroup v1 allowed threads of a process to belong to different cgroups.
+This didn't make sense for some controllers and those controllers
+ended up implementing different ways to ignore such situations but
+much more importantly it blurred the line between API exposed to
+individual applications and system management interface.
+
+Generally, in-process knowledge is available only to the process
+itself; thus, unlike service-level organization of processes,
+categorizing threads of a process requires active participation from
+the application which owns the target process.
+
+cgroup v1 had an ambiguously defined delegation model which got abused
+in combination with thread granularity. cgroups were delegated to
+individual applications so that they can create and manage their own
+sub-hierarchies and control resource distributions along them. This
+effectively raised cgroup to the status of a syscall-like API exposed
+to lay programs.
+
+First of all, cgroup has a fundamentally inadequate interface to be
+exposed this way. For a process to access its own knobs, it has to
+extract the path on the target hierarchy from /proc/self/cgroup,
+construct the path by appending the name of the knob to the path, open
+and then read and/or write to it. This is not only extremely clunky
+and unusual but also inherently racy. There is no conventional way to
+define transaction across the required steps and nothing can guarantee
+that the process would actually be operating on its own sub-hierarchy.
+
+cgroup controllers implemented a number of knobs which would never be
+accepted as public APIs because they were just adding control knobs to
+system-management pseudo filesystem. cgroup ended up with interface
+knobs which were not properly abstracted or refined and directly
+revealed kernel internal details. These knobs got exposed to
+individual applications through the ill-defined delegation mechanism
+effectively abusing cgroup as a shortcut to implementing public APIs
+without going through the required scrutiny.
+
+This was painful for both userland and kernel. Userland ended up with
+misbehaving and poorly abstracted interfaces and kernel exposing and
+locked into constructs inadvertently.
+
+
+Competition Between Inner Nodes and Threads
+-------------------------------------------
+
+cgroup v1 allowed threads to be in any cgroups which created an
+interesting problem where threads belonging to a parent cgroup and its
+children cgroups competed for resources. This was nasty as two
+different types of entities competed and there was no obvious way to
+settle it. Different controllers did different things.
+
+The cpu controller considered threads and cgroups as equivalents and
+mapped nice levels to cgroup weights. This worked for some cases but
+fell flat when children wanted to be allocated specific ratios of CPU
+cycles and the number of internal threads fluctuated - the ratios
+constantly changed as the number of competing entities fluctuated.
+There also were other issues. The mapping from nice level to weight
+wasn't obvious or universal, and there were various other knobs which
+simply weren't available for threads.
+
+The io controller implicitly created a hidden leaf node for each
+cgroup to host the threads. The hidden leaf had its own copies of all
+the knobs with ``leaf_`` prefixed. While this allowed equivalent
+control over internal threads, it was with serious drawbacks. It
+always added an extra layer of nesting which wouldn't be necessary
+otherwise, made the interface messy and significantly complicated the
+implementation.
+
+The memory controller didn't have a way to control what happened
+between internal tasks and child cgroups and the behavior was not
+clearly defined. There were attempts to add ad-hoc behaviors and
+knobs to tailor the behavior to specific workloads which would have
+led to problems extremely difficult to resolve in the long term.
+
+Multiple controllers struggled with internal tasks and came up with
+different ways to deal with it; unfortunately, all the approaches were
+severely flawed and, furthermore, the widely different behaviors
+made cgroup as a whole highly inconsistent.
+
+This clearly is a problem which needs to be addressed from cgroup core
+in a uniform way.
+
+
+Other Interface Issues
+----------------------
+
+cgroup v1 grew without oversight and developed a large number of
+idiosyncrasies and inconsistencies. One issue on the cgroup core side
+was how an empty cgroup was notified - a userland helper binary was
+forked and executed for each event. The event delivery wasn't
+recursive or delegatable. The limitations of the mechanism also led
+to in-kernel event delivery filtering mechanism further complicating
+the interface.
+
+Controller interfaces were problematic too. An extreme example is
+controllers completely ignoring hierarchical organization and treating
+all cgroups as if they were all located directly under the root
+cgroup. Some controllers exposed a large amount of inconsistent
+implementation details to userland.
+
+There also was no consistency across controllers. When a new cgroup
+was created, some controllers defaulted to not imposing extra
+restrictions while others disallowed any resource usage until
+explicitly configured. Configuration knobs for the same type of
+control used widely differing naming schemes and formats. Statistics
+and information knobs were named arbitrarily and used different
+formats and units even in the same controller.
+
+cgroup v2 establishes common conventions where appropriate and updates
+controllers so that they expose minimal and consistent interfaces.
+
+
+Controller Issues and Remedies
+------------------------------
+
+Memory
+~~~~~~
+
+The original lower boundary, the soft limit, is defined as a limit
+that is per default unset. As a result, the set of cgroups that
+global reclaim prefers is opt-in, rather than opt-out. The costs for
+optimizing these mostly negative lookups are so high that the
+implementation, despite its enormous size, does not even provide the
+basic desirable behavior. First off, the soft limit has no
+hierarchical meaning. All configured groups are organized in a global
+rbtree and treated like equal peers, regardless where they are located
+in the hierarchy. This makes subtree delegation impossible. Second,
+the soft limit reclaim pass is so aggressive that it not just
+introduces high allocation latencies into the system, but also impacts
+system performance due to overreclaim, to the point where the feature
+becomes self-defeating.
+
+The memory.low boundary on the other hand is a top-down allocated
+reserve. A cgroup enjoys reclaim protection when it's within its
+effective low, which makes delegation of subtrees possible. It also
+enjoys having reclaim pressure proportional to its overage when
+above its effective low.
+
+The original high boundary, the hard limit, is defined as a strict
+limit that can not budge, even if the OOM killer has to be called.
+But this generally goes against the goal of making the most out of the
+available memory. The memory consumption of workloads varies during
+runtime, and that requires users to overcommit. But doing that with a
+strict upper limit requires either a fairly accurate prediction of the
+working set size or adding slack to the limit. Since working set size
+estimation is hard and error prone, and getting it wrong results in
+OOM kills, most users tend to err on the side of a looser limit and
+end up wasting precious resources.
+
+The memory.high boundary on the other hand can be set much more
+conservatively. When hit, it throttles allocations by forcing them
+into direct reclaim to work off the excess, but it never invokes the
+OOM killer. As a result, a high boundary that is chosen too
+aggressively will not terminate the processes, but instead it will
+lead to gradual performance degradation. The user can monitor this
+and make corrections until the minimal memory footprint that still
+gives acceptable performance is found.
+
+In extreme cases, with many concurrent allocations and a complete
+breakdown of reclaim progress within the group, the high boundary can
+be exceeded. But even then it's mostly better to satisfy the
+allocation from the slack available in other groups or the rest of the
+system than killing the group. Otherwise, memory.max is there to
+limit this type of spillover and ultimately contain buggy or even
+malicious applications.
+
+Setting the original memory.limit_in_bytes below the current usage was
+subject to a race condition, where concurrent charges could cause the
+limit setting to fail. memory.max on the other hand will first set the
+limit to prevent new charges, and then reclaim and OOM kill until the
+new limit is met - or the task writing to memory.max is killed.
+
+The combined memory+swap accounting and limiting is replaced by real
+control over swap space.
+
+The main argument for a combined memory+swap facility in the original
+cgroup design was that global or parental pressure would always be
+able to swap all anonymous memory of a child group, regardless of the
+child's own (possibly untrusted) configuration. However, untrusted
+groups can sabotage swapping by other means - such as referencing its
+anonymous memory in a tight loop - and an admin can not assume full
+swappability when overcommitting untrusted jobs.
+
+For trusted jobs, on the other hand, a combined counter is not an
+intuitive userspace interface, and it flies in the face of the idea
+that cgroup controllers should account and limit specific physical
+resources. Swap space is a resource like all others in the system,
+and that's why unified hierarchy allows distributing it separately.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/authors.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/authors.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5c1d2f0fa7d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/authors.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+=======
+Authors
+=======
+
+Original Author
+---------------
+
+Steve French (smfrench@gmail.com, sfrench@samba.org)
+
+The author wishes to express his appreciation and thanks to:
+Andrew Tridgell (Samba team) for his early suggestions about SMB/CIFS VFS
+improvements. Thanks to IBM for allowing me time and test resources to pursue
+this project, to Jim McDonough from IBM (and the Samba Team) for his help, to
+the IBM Linux JFS team for explaining many esoteric Linux filesystem features.
+Jeremy Allison of the Samba team has done invaluable work in adding the server
+side of the original CIFS Unix extensions and reviewing and implementing
+portions of the newer CIFS POSIX extensions into the Samba 3 file server. Thank
+Dave Boutcher of IBM Rochester (author of the OS/400 smb/cifs filesystem client)
+for proving years ago that very good smb/cifs clients could be done on Unix-like
+operating systems. Volker Lendecke, Andrew Tridgell, Urban Widmark, John
+Newbigin and others for their work on the Linux smbfs module. Thanks to
+the other members of the Storage Network Industry Association CIFS Technical
+Workgroup for their work specifying this highly complex protocol and finally
+thanks to the Samba team for their technical advice and encouragement.
+
+Patch Contributors
+------------------
+
+- Zwane Mwaikambo
+- Andi Kleen
+- Amrut Joshi
+- Shobhit Dayal
+- Sergey Vlasov
+- Richard Hughes
+- Yury Umanets
+- Mark Hamzy (for some of the early cifs IPv6 work)
+- Domen Puncer
+- Jesper Juhl (in particular for lots of whitespace/formatting cleanup)
+- Vince Negri and Dave Stahl (for finding an important caching bug)
+- Adrian Bunk (kcalloc cleanups)
+- Miklos Szeredi
+- Kazeon team for various fixes especially for 2.4 version.
+- Asser Ferno (Change Notify support)
+- Shaggy (Dave Kleikamp) for innumerable small fs suggestions and some good cleanup
+- Gunter Kukkukk (testing and suggestions for support of old servers)
+- Igor Mammedov (DFS support)
+- Jeff Layton (many, many fixes, as well as great work on the cifs Kerberos code)
+- Scott Lovenberg
+- Pavel Shilovsky (for great work adding SMB2 support, and various SMB3 features)
+- Aurelien Aptel (for DFS SMB3 work and some key bug fixes)
+- Ronnie Sahlberg (for SMB3 xattr work, bug fixes, and lots of great work on compounding)
+- Shirish Pargaonkar (for many ACL patches over the years)
+- Sachin Prabhu (many bug fixes, including for reconnect, copy offload and security)
+- Paulo Alcantara (for some excellent work in DFS, and in booting from SMB3)
+- Long Li (some great work on RDMA, SMB Direct)
+
+
+Test case and Bug Report contributors
+-------------------------------------
+Thanks to those in the community who have submitted detailed bug reports
+and debug of problems they have found: Jochen Dolze, David Blaine,
+Rene Scharfe, Martin Josefsson, Alexander Wild, Anthony Liguori,
+Lars Muller, Urban Widmark, Massimiliano Ferrero, Howard Owen,
+Olaf Kirch, Kieron Briggs, Nick Millington and others. Also special
+mention to the Stanford Checker (SWAT) which pointed out many minor
+bugs in error paths. Valuable suggestions also have come from Al Viro
+and Dave Miller.
+
+And thanks to the IBM LTC and Power test teams and SuSE and Citrix and RedHat testers for finding multiple bugs during excellent stress test runs.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/changes.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/changes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8c42c4de510b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/changes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+=======
+Changes
+=======
+
+See https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFSKernel for summary
+information about fixes/improvements to CIFS/SMB2/SMB3 support (changes
+to cifs.ko module) by kernel version (and cifs internal module version).
+This may be easier to read than parsing the output of
+"git log fs/smb/client" by release.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fad5268635f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+====
+CIFS
+====
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 2
+
+ introduction
+ usage
+ todo
+ changes
+ authors
+
+.. only:: subproject and html
+
+ Indices
+ =======
+
+ * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/introduction.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/introduction.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ffc6e2564dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/introduction.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+============
+Introduction
+============
+
+ This is the client VFS module for the SMB3 NAS protocol as well
+ as for older dialects such as the Common Internet File System (CIFS)
+ protocol which was the successor to the Server Message Block
+ (SMB) protocol, the native file sharing mechanism for most early
+ PC operating systems. New and improved versions of CIFS are now
+ called SMB2 and SMB3. Use of SMB3 (and later, including SMB3.1.1
+ the most current dialect) is strongly preferred over using older
+ dialects like CIFS due to security reasons. All modern dialects,
+ including the most recent, SMB3.1.1, are supported by the CIFS VFS
+ module. The SMB3 protocol is implemented and supported by all major
+ file servers such as Windows (including Windows 2019 Server), as
+ well as by Samba (which provides excellent CIFS/SMB2/SMB3 server
+ support and tools for Linux and many other operating systems).
+ Apple systems also support SMB3 well, as do most Network Attached
+ Storage vendors, so this network filesystem client can mount to a
+ wide variety of systems. It also supports mounting to the cloud
+ (for example Microsoft Azure), including the necessary security
+ features.
+
+ The intent of this module is to provide the most advanced network
+ file system function for SMB3 compliant servers, including advanced
+ security features, excellent parallelized high performance i/o, better
+ POSIX compliance, secure per-user session establishment, encryption,
+ high performance safe distributed caching (leases/oplocks), optional packet
+ signing, large files, Unicode support and other internationalization
+ improvements. Since both Samba server and this filesystem client support the
+ CIFS Unix extensions, and the Linux client also supports SMB3 POSIX extensions,
+ the combination can provide a reasonable alternative to other network and
+ cluster file systems for fileserving in some Linux to Linux environments,
+ not just in Linux to Windows (or Linux to Mac) environments.
+
+ This filesystem has a mount utility (mount.cifs) and various user space
+ tools (including smbinfo and setcifsacl) that can be obtained from
+
+ https://git.samba.org/?p=cifs-utils.git
+
+ or
+
+ git://git.samba.org/cifs-utils.git
+
+ mount.cifs should be installed in the directory with the other mount helpers.
+
+ For more information on the module see the project wiki page at
+
+ https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFS
+
+ and
+
+ https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFS_utils
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/todo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/todo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9a65c670774e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/todo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+====
+TODO
+====
+
+As of 6.7 kernel. See https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFSKernel
+for list of features added by release
+
+A Partial List of Missing Features
+==================================
+
+Contributions are welcome. There are plenty of opportunities
+for visible, important contributions to this module. Here
+is a partial list of the known problems and missing features:
+
+a) SMB3 (and SMB3.1.1) missing optional features:
+ multichannel performance optimizations, algorithmic channel selection,
+ directory leases optimizations,
+ support for faster packet signing (GMAC),
+ support for compression over the network,
+ T10 copy offload ie "ODX" (copy chunk, and "Duplicate Extents" ioctl
+ are currently the only two server side copy mechanisms supported)
+
+b) Better optimized compounding and error handling for sparse file support,
+ perhaps addition of new optional SMB3.1.1 fsctls to make collapse range
+ and insert range more atomic
+
+c) Support for SMB3.1.1 over QUIC (and perhaps other socket based protocols
+ like SCTP)
+
+d) quota support (needs minor kernel change since quota calls otherwise
+ won't make it to network filesystems or deviceless filesystems).
+
+e) Additional use cases can be optimized to use "compounding" (e.g.
+ open/query/close and open/setinfo/close) to reduce the number of
+ roundtrips to the server and improve performance. Various cases
+ (stat, statfs, create, unlink, mkdir, xattrs) already have been improved by
+ using compounding but more can be done. In addition we could
+ significantly reduce redundant opens by using deferred close (with
+ handle caching leases) and better using reference counters on file
+ handles.
+
+f) Finish inotify support so kde and gnome file list windows
+ will autorefresh (partially complete by Asser). Needs minor kernel
+ vfs change to support removing D_NOTIFY on a file.
+
+g) Add GUI tool to configure /proc/fs/cifs settings and for display of
+ the CIFS statistics (started)
+
+h) implement support for security and trusted categories of xattrs
+ (requires minor protocol extension) to enable better support for SELINUX
+
+i) Add support for tree connect contexts (see MS-SMB2) a new SMB3.1.1 protocol
+ feature (may be especially useful for virtualization).
+
+j) Create UID mapping facility so server UIDs can be mapped on a per
+ mount or a per server basis to client UIDs or nobody if no mapping
+ exists. Also better integration with winbind for resolving SID owners
+
+k) Add tools to take advantage of more smb3 specific ioctls and features
+ (passthrough ioctl/fsctl is now implemented in cifs.ko to allow
+ sending various SMB3 fsctls and query info and set info calls
+ directly from user space) Add tools to make setting various non-POSIX
+ metadata attributes easier from tools (e.g. extending what was done
+ in smb-info tool).
+
+l) encrypted file support (currently the attribute showing the file is
+ encrypted on the server is reported, but changing the attribute is not
+ supported).
+
+m) improved stats gathering tools (perhaps integration with nfsometer?)
+ to extend and make easier to use what is currently in /proc/fs/cifs/Stats
+
+n) Add support for claims based ACLs ("DAC")
+
+o) mount helper GUI (to simplify the various configuration options on mount)
+
+p) Expand support for witness protocol to allow for notification of share
+ move, and server network adapter changes. Currently only notifications by
+ the witness protocol for server move is supported by the Linux client.
+
+q) Allow mount.cifs to be more verbose in reporting errors with dialect
+ or unsupported feature errors. This would now be easier due to the
+ implementation of the new mount API.
+
+r) updating cifs documentation, and user guide.
+
+s) Addressing bugs found by running a broader set of xfstests in standard
+ file system xfstest suite.
+
+t) split cifs and smb3 support into separate modules so legacy (and less
+ secure) CIFS dialect can be disabled in environments that don't need it
+ and simplify the code.
+
+v) Additional testing of POSIX Extensions for SMB3.1.1
+
+w) Support for the Mac SMB3.1.1 extensions to improve interop with Apple servers
+
+x) Support for additional authentication options (e.g. IAKERB, peer-to-peer
+ Kerberos, SCRAM and others supported by existing servers)
+
+y) Improved tracing, more eBPF trace points, better scripts for performance
+ analysis
+
+Known Bugs
+==========
+
+See https://bugzilla.samba.org - search on product "CifsVFS" for
+current bug list. Also check http://bugzilla.kernel.org (Product = File System, Component = CIFS)
+and xfstest results e.g. https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Xfstest-results-smb3
+
+Misc testing to do
+==================
+1) check out max path names and max path name components against various server
+ types. Try nested symlinks (8 deep). Return max path name in stat -f information
+
+2) Improve xfstest's cifs/smb3 enablement and adapt xfstests where needed to test
+ cifs/smb3 better
+
+3) Additional performance testing and optimization using iozone and similar -
+ there are some easy changes that can be done to parallelize sequential writes,
+ and when signing is disabled to request larger read sizes (larger than
+ negotiated size) and send larger write sizes to modern servers.
+
+4) More exhaustively test against less common servers
+
+5) Continue to extend the smb3 "buildbot" which does automated xfstesting
+ against Windows, Samba and Azure currently - to add additional tests and
+ to allow the buildbot to execute the tests faster. The URL for the
+ buildbot is: http://smb3-test-rhel-75.southcentralus.cloudapp.azure.com
+
+6) Address various coverity warnings (most are not bugs per-se, but
+ the more warnings are addressed, the easier it is to spot real
+ problems that static analyzers will point out in the future).
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/usage.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/usage.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d989ae5778ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/usage.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,864 @@
+=====
+Usage
+=====
+
+This module supports the SMB3 family of advanced network protocols (as well
+as older dialects, originally called "CIFS" or SMB1).
+
+The CIFS VFS module for Linux supports many advanced network filesystem
+features such as hierarchical DFS like namespace, hardlinks, locking and more.
+It was designed to comply with the SNIA CIFS Technical Reference (which
+supersedes the 1992 X/Open SMB Standard) as well as to perform best practice
+practical interoperability with Windows 2000, Windows XP, Samba and equivalent
+servers. This code was developed in participation with the Protocol Freedom
+Information Foundation. CIFS and now SMB3 has now become a defacto
+standard for interoperating between Macs and Windows and major NAS appliances.
+
+Please see
+MS-SMB2 (for detailed SMB2/SMB3/SMB3.1.1 protocol specification)
+or https://samba.org/samba/PFIF/
+for more details.
+
+
+For questions or bug reports please contact:
+
+ smfrench@gmail.com
+
+See the project page at: https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFS_utils
+
+Build instructions
+==================
+
+For Linux:
+
+1) Download the kernel (e.g. from https://www.kernel.org)
+ and change directory into the top of the kernel directory tree
+ (e.g. /usr/src/linux-2.5.73)
+2) make menuconfig (or make xconfig)
+3) select cifs from within the network filesystem choices
+4) save and exit
+5) make
+
+
+Installation instructions
+=========================
+
+If you have built the CIFS vfs as module (successfully) simply
+type ``make modules_install`` (or if you prefer, manually copy the file to
+the modules directory e.g. /lib/modules/6.3.0-060300-generic/kernel/fs/smb/client/cifs.ko).
+
+If you have built the CIFS vfs into the kernel itself, follow the instructions
+for your distribution on how to install a new kernel (usually you
+would simply type ``make install``).
+
+If you do not have the utility mount.cifs (in the Samba 4.x source tree and on
+the CIFS VFS web site) copy it to the same directory in which mount helpers
+reside (usually /sbin). Although the helper software is not
+required, mount.cifs is recommended. Most distros include a ``cifs-utils``
+package that includes this utility so it is recommended to install this.
+
+Note that running the Winbind pam/nss module (logon service) on all of your
+Linux clients is useful in mapping Uids and Gids consistently across the
+domain to the proper network user. The mount.cifs mount helper can be
+found at cifs-utils.git on git.samba.org
+
+If cifs is built as a module, then the size and number of network buffers
+and maximum number of simultaneous requests to one server can be configured.
+Changing these from their defaults is not recommended. By executing modinfo::
+
+ modinfo <path to cifs.ko>
+
+on kernel/fs/smb/client/cifs.ko the list of configuration changes that can be made
+at module initialization time (by running insmod cifs.ko) can be seen.
+
+Recommendations
+===============
+
+To improve security the SMB2.1 dialect or later (usually will get SMB3.1.1) is now
+the new default. To use old dialects (e.g. to mount Windows XP) use "vers=1.0"
+on mount (or vers=2.0 for Windows Vista). Note that the CIFS (vers=1.0) is
+much older and less secure than the default dialect SMB3 which includes
+many advanced security features such as downgrade attack detection
+and encrypted shares and stronger signing and authentication algorithms.
+There are additional mount options that may be helpful for SMB3 to get
+improved POSIX behavior (NB: can use vers=3 to force SMB3 or later, never 2.1):
+
+ ``mfsymlinks`` and either ``cifsacl`` or ``modefromsid`` (usually with ``idsfromsid``)
+
+Allowing User Mounts
+====================
+
+To permit users to mount and unmount over directories they own is possible
+with the cifs vfs. A way to enable such mounting is to mark the mount.cifs
+utility as suid (e.g. ``chmod +s /sbin/mount.cifs``). To enable users to
+umount shares they mount requires
+
+1) mount.cifs version 1.4 or later
+2) an entry for the share in /etc/fstab indicating that a user may
+ unmount it e.g.::
+
+ //server/usersharename /mnt/username cifs user 0 0
+
+Note that when the mount.cifs utility is run suid (allowing user mounts),
+in order to reduce risks, the ``nosuid`` mount flag is passed in on mount to
+disallow execution of an suid program mounted on the remote target.
+When mount is executed as root, nosuid is not passed in by default,
+and execution of suid programs on the remote target would be enabled
+by default. This can be changed, as with nfs and other filesystems,
+by simply specifying ``nosuid`` among the mount options. For user mounts
+though to be able to pass the suid flag to mount requires rebuilding
+mount.cifs with the following flag: CIFS_ALLOW_USR_SUID
+
+There is a corresponding manual page for cifs mounting in the Samba 3.0 and
+later source tree in docs/manpages/mount.cifs.8
+
+Allowing User Unmounts
+======================
+
+To permit users to unmount directories that they have user mounted (see above),
+the utility umount.cifs may be used. It may be invoked directly, or if
+umount.cifs is placed in /sbin, umount can invoke the cifs umount helper
+(at least for most versions of the umount utility) for umount of cifs
+mounts, unless umount is invoked with -i (which will avoid invoking a umount
+helper). As with mount.cifs, to enable user unmounts umount.cifs must be marked
+as suid (e.g. ``chmod +s /sbin/umount.cifs``) or equivalent (some distributions
+allow adding entries to a file to the /etc/permissions file to achieve the
+equivalent suid effect). For this utility to succeed the target path
+must be a cifs mount, and the uid of the current user must match the uid
+of the user who mounted the resource.
+
+Also note that the customary way of allowing user mounts and unmounts is
+(instead of using mount.cifs and unmount.cifs as suid) to add a line
+to the file /etc/fstab for each //server/share you wish to mount, but
+this can become unwieldy when potential mount targets include many
+or unpredictable UNC names.
+
+Samba Considerations
+====================
+
+Most current servers support SMB2.1 and SMB3 which are more secure,
+but there are useful protocol extensions for the older less secure CIFS
+dialect, so to get the maximum benefit if mounting using the older dialect
+(CIFS/SMB1), we recommend using a server that supports the SNIA CIFS
+Unix Extensions standard (e.g. almost any version of Samba ie version
+2.2.5 or later) but the CIFS vfs works fine with a wide variety of CIFS servers.
+Note that uid, gid and file permissions will display default values if you do
+not have a server that supports the Unix extensions for CIFS (such as Samba
+2.2.5 or later). To enable the Unix CIFS Extensions in the Samba server, add
+the line::
+
+ unix extensions = yes
+
+to your smb.conf file on the server. Note that the following smb.conf settings
+are also useful (on the Samba server) when the majority of clients are Unix or
+Linux::
+
+ case sensitive = yes
+ delete readonly = yes
+ ea support = yes
+
+Note that server ea support is required for supporting xattrs from the Linux
+cifs client, and that EA support is present in later versions of Samba (e.g.
+3.0.6 and later (also EA support works in all versions of Windows, at least to
+shares on NTFS filesystems). Extended Attribute (xattr) support is an optional
+feature of most Linux filesystems which may require enabling via
+make menuconfig. Client support for extended attributes (user xattr) can be
+disabled on a per-mount basis by specifying ``nouser_xattr`` on mount.
+
+The CIFS client can get and set POSIX ACLs (getfacl, setfacl) to Samba servers
+version 3.10 and later. Setting POSIX ACLs requires enabling both XATTR and
+then POSIX support in the CIFS configuration options when building the cifs
+module. POSIX ACL support can be disabled on a per mount basic by specifying
+``noacl`` on mount.
+
+Some administrators may want to change Samba's smb.conf ``map archive`` and
+``create mask`` parameters from the default. Unless the create mask is changed
+newly created files can end up with an unnecessarily restrictive default mode,
+which may not be what you want, although if the CIFS Unix extensions are
+enabled on the server and client, subsequent setattr calls (e.g. chmod) can
+fix the mode. Note that creating special devices (mknod) remotely
+may require specifying a mkdev function to Samba if you are not using
+Samba 3.0.6 or later. For more information on these see the manual pages
+(``man smb.conf``) on the Samba server system. Note that the cifs vfs,
+unlike the smbfs vfs, does not read the smb.conf on the client system
+(the few optional settings are passed in on mount via -o parameters instead).
+Note that Samba 2.2.7 or later includes a fix that allows the CIFS VFS to delete
+open files (required for strict POSIX compliance). Windows Servers already
+supported this feature. Samba server does not allow symlinks that refer to files
+outside of the share, so in Samba versions prior to 3.0.6, most symlinks to
+files with absolute paths (ie beginning with slash) such as::
+
+ ln -s /mnt/foo bar
+
+would be forbidden. Samba 3.0.6 server or later includes the ability to create
+such symlinks safely by converting unsafe symlinks (ie symlinks to server
+files that are outside of the share) to a samba specific format on the server
+that is ignored by local server applications and non-cifs clients and that will
+not be traversed by the Samba server). This is opaque to the Linux client
+application using the cifs vfs. Absolute symlinks will work to Samba 3.0.5 or
+later, but only for remote clients using the CIFS Unix extensions, and will
+be invisible to Windows clients and typically will not affect local
+applications running on the same server as Samba.
+
+Use instructions
+================
+
+Once the CIFS VFS support is built into the kernel or installed as a module
+(cifs.ko), you can use mount syntax like the following to access Samba or
+Mac or Windows servers::
+
+ mount -t cifs //9.53.216.11/e$ /mnt -o username=myname,password=mypassword
+
+Before -o the option -v may be specified to make the mount.cifs
+mount helper display the mount steps more verbosely.
+After -o the following commonly used cifs vfs specific options
+are supported::
+
+ username=<username>
+ password=<password>
+ domain=<domain name>
+
+Other cifs mount options are described below. Use of TCP names (in addition to
+ip addresses) is available if the mount helper (mount.cifs) is installed. If
+you do not trust the server to which are mounted, or if you do not have
+cifs signing enabled (and the physical network is insecure), consider use
+of the standard mount options ``noexec`` and ``nosuid`` to reduce the risk of
+running an altered binary on your local system (downloaded from a hostile server
+or altered by a hostile router).
+
+Although mounting using format corresponding to the CIFS URL specification is
+not possible in mount.cifs yet, it is possible to use an alternate format
+for the server and sharename (which is somewhat similar to NFS style mount
+syntax) instead of the more widely used UNC format (i.e. \\server\share)::
+
+ mount -t cifs tcp_name_of_server:share_name /mnt -o user=myname,pass=mypasswd
+
+When using the mount helper mount.cifs, passwords may be specified via alternate
+mechanisms, instead of specifying it after -o using the normal ``pass=`` syntax
+on the command line:
+1) By including it in a credential file. Specify credentials=filename as one
+of the mount options. Credential files contain two lines::
+
+ username=someuser
+ password=your_password
+
+2) By specifying the password in the PASSWD environment variable (similarly
+ the user name can be taken from the USER environment variable).
+3) By specifying the password in a file by name via PASSWD_FILE
+4) By specifying the password in a file by file descriptor via PASSWD_FD
+
+If no password is provided, mount.cifs will prompt for password entry
+
+Restrictions
+============
+
+Servers must support either "pure-TCP" (port 445 TCP/IP CIFS connections) or RFC
+1001/1002 support for "Netbios-Over-TCP/IP." This is not likely to be a
+problem as most servers support this.
+
+Valid filenames differ between Windows and Linux. Windows typically restricts
+filenames which contain certain reserved characters (e.g.the character :
+which is used to delimit the beginning of a stream name by Windows), while
+Linux allows a slightly wider set of valid characters in filenames. Windows
+servers can remap such characters when an explicit mapping is specified in
+the Server's registry. Samba starting with version 3.10 will allow such
+filenames (ie those which contain valid Linux characters, which normally
+would be forbidden for Windows/CIFS semantics) as long as the server is
+configured for Unix Extensions (and the client has not disabled
+/proc/fs/cifs/LinuxExtensionsEnabled). In addition the mount option
+``mapposix`` can be used on CIFS (vers=1.0) to force the mapping of
+illegal Windows/NTFS/SMB characters to a remap range (this mount parameter
+is the default for SMB3). This remap (``mapposix``) range is also
+compatible with Mac (and "Services for Mac" on some older Windows).
+When POSIX Extensions for SMB 3.1.1 are negotiated, remapping is automatically
+disabled.
+
+CIFS VFS Mount Options
+======================
+A partial list of the supported mount options follows:
+
+ username
+ The user name to use when trying to establish
+ the CIFS session.
+ password
+ The user password. If the mount helper is
+ installed, the user will be prompted for password
+ if not supplied.
+ ip
+ The ip address of the target server
+ unc
+ The target server Universal Network Name (export) to
+ mount.
+ domain
+ Set the SMB/CIFS workgroup name prepended to the
+ username during CIFS session establishment
+ forceuid
+ Set the default uid for inodes to the uid
+ passed in on mount. For mounts to servers
+ which do support the CIFS Unix extensions, such as a
+ properly configured Samba server, the server provides
+ the uid, gid and mode so this parameter should not be
+ specified unless the server and clients uid and gid
+ numbering differ. If the server and client are in the
+ same domain (e.g. running winbind or nss_ldap) and
+ the server supports the Unix Extensions then the uid
+ and gid can be retrieved from the server (and uid
+ and gid would not have to be specified on the mount.
+ For servers which do not support the CIFS Unix
+ extensions, the default uid (and gid) returned on lookup
+ of existing files will be the uid (gid) of the person
+ who executed the mount (root, except when mount.cifs
+ is configured setuid for user mounts) unless the ``uid=``
+ (gid) mount option is specified. Also note that permission
+ checks (authorization checks) on accesses to a file occur
+ at the server, but there are cases in which an administrator
+ may want to restrict at the client as well. For those
+ servers which do not report a uid/gid owner
+ (such as Windows), permissions can also be checked at the
+ client, and a crude form of client side permission checking
+ can be enabled by specifying file_mode and dir_mode on
+ the client. (default)
+ forcegid
+ (similar to above but for the groupid instead of uid) (default)
+ noforceuid
+ Fill in file owner information (uid) by requesting it from
+ the server if possible. With this option, the value given in
+ the uid= option (on mount) will only be used if the server
+ can not support returning uids on inodes.
+ noforcegid
+ (similar to above but for the group owner, gid, instead of uid)
+ uid
+ Set the default uid for inodes, and indicate to the
+ cifs kernel driver which local user mounted. If the server
+ supports the unix extensions the default uid is
+ not used to fill in the owner fields of inodes (files)
+ unless the ``forceuid`` parameter is specified.
+ gid
+ Set the default gid for inodes (similar to above).
+ file_mode
+ If CIFS Unix extensions are not supported by the server
+ this overrides the default mode for file inodes.
+ fsc
+ Enable local disk caching using FS-Cache (off by default). This
+ option could be useful to improve performance on a slow link,
+ heavily loaded server and/or network where reading from the
+ disk is faster than reading from the server (over the network).
+ This could also impact scalability positively as the
+ number of calls to the server are reduced. However, local
+ caching is not suitable for all workloads for e.g. read-once
+ type workloads. So, you need to consider carefully your
+ workload/scenario before using this option. Currently, local
+ disk caching is functional for CIFS files opened as read-only.
+ dir_mode
+ If CIFS Unix extensions are not supported by the server
+ this overrides the default mode for directory inodes.
+ port
+ attempt to contact the server on this tcp port, before
+ trying the usual ports (port 445, then 139).
+ iocharset
+ Codepage used to convert local path names to and from
+ Unicode. Unicode is used by default for network path
+ names if the server supports it. If iocharset is
+ not specified then the nls_default specified
+ during the local client kernel build will be used.
+ If server does not support Unicode, this parameter is
+ unused.
+ rsize
+ default read size (usually 16K). The client currently
+ can not use rsize larger than CIFSMaxBufSize. CIFSMaxBufSize
+ defaults to 16K and may be changed (from 8K to the maximum
+ kmalloc size allowed by your kernel) at module install time
+ for cifs.ko. Setting CIFSMaxBufSize to a very large value
+ will cause cifs to use more memory and may reduce performance
+ in some cases. To use rsize greater than 127K (the original
+ cifs protocol maximum) also requires that the server support
+ a new Unix Capability flag (for very large read) which some
+ newer servers (e.g. Samba 3.0.26 or later) do. rsize can be
+ set from a minimum of 2048 to a maximum of 130048 (127K or
+ CIFSMaxBufSize, whichever is smaller)
+ wsize
+ default write size (default 57344)
+ maximum wsize currently allowed by CIFS is 57344 (fourteen
+ 4096 byte pages)
+ actimeo=n
+ attribute cache timeout in seconds (default 1 second).
+ After this timeout, the cifs client requests fresh attribute
+ information from the server. This option allows to tune the
+ attribute cache timeout to suit the workload needs. Shorter
+ timeouts mean better the cache coherency, but increased number
+ of calls to the server. Longer timeouts mean reduced number
+ of calls to the server at the expense of less stricter cache
+ coherency checks (i.e. incorrect attribute cache for a short
+ period of time).
+ rw
+ mount the network share read-write (note that the
+ server may still consider the share read-only)
+ ro
+ mount network share read-only
+ version
+ used to distinguish different versions of the
+ mount helper utility (not typically needed)
+ sep
+ if first mount option (after the -o), overrides
+ the comma as the separator between the mount
+ parameters. e.g.::
+
+ -o user=myname,password=mypassword,domain=mydom
+
+ could be passed instead with period as the separator by::
+
+ -o sep=.user=myname.password=mypassword.domain=mydom
+
+ this might be useful when comma is contained within username
+ or password or domain. This option is less important
+ when the cifs mount helper cifs.mount (version 1.1 or later)
+ is used.
+ nosuid
+ Do not allow remote executables with the suid bit
+ program to be executed. This is only meaningful for mounts
+ to servers such as Samba which support the CIFS Unix Extensions.
+ If you do not trust the servers in your network (your mount
+ targets) it is recommended that you specify this option for
+ greater security.
+ exec
+ Permit execution of binaries on the mount.
+ noexec
+ Do not permit execution of binaries on the mount.
+ dev
+ Recognize block devices on the remote mount.
+ nodev
+ Do not recognize devices on the remote mount.
+ suid
+ Allow remote files on this mountpoint with suid enabled to
+ be executed (default for mounts when executed as root,
+ nosuid is default for user mounts).
+ credentials
+ Although ignored by the cifs kernel component, it is used by
+ the mount helper, mount.cifs. When mount.cifs is installed it
+ opens and reads the credential file specified in order
+ to obtain the userid and password arguments which are passed to
+ the cifs vfs.
+ guest
+ Although ignored by the kernel component, the mount.cifs
+ mount helper will not prompt the user for a password
+ if guest is specified on the mount options. If no
+ password is specified a null password will be used.
+ perm
+ Client does permission checks (vfs_permission check of uid
+ and gid of the file against the mode and desired operation),
+ Note that this is in addition to the normal ACL check on the
+ target machine done by the server software.
+ Client permission checking is enabled by default.
+ noperm
+ Client does not do permission checks. This can expose
+ files on this mount to access by other users on the local
+ client system. It is typically only needed when the server
+ supports the CIFS Unix Extensions but the UIDs/GIDs on the
+ client and server system do not match closely enough to allow
+ access by the user doing the mount, but it may be useful with
+ non CIFS Unix Extension mounts for cases in which the default
+ mode is specified on the mount but is not to be enforced on the
+ client (e.g. perhaps when MultiUserMount is enabled)
+ Note that this does not affect the normal ACL check on the
+ target machine done by the server software (of the server
+ ACL against the user name provided at mount time).
+ serverino
+ Use server's inode numbers instead of generating automatically
+ incrementing inode numbers on the client. Although this will
+ make it easier to spot hardlinked files (as they will have
+ the same inode numbers) and inode numbers may be persistent,
+ note that the server does not guarantee that the inode numbers
+ are unique if multiple server side mounts are exported under a
+ single share (since inode numbers on the servers might not
+ be unique if multiple filesystems are mounted under the same
+ shared higher level directory). Note that some older
+ (e.g. pre-Windows 2000) do not support returning UniqueIDs
+ or the CIFS Unix Extensions equivalent and for those
+ this mount option will have no effect. Exporting cifs mounts
+ under nfsd requires this mount option on the cifs mount.
+ This is now the default if server supports the
+ required network operation.
+ noserverino
+ Client generates inode numbers (rather than using the actual one
+ from the server). These inode numbers will vary after
+ unmount or reboot which can confuse some applications,
+ but not all server filesystems support unique inode
+ numbers.
+ setuids
+ If the CIFS Unix extensions are negotiated with the server
+ the client will attempt to set the effective uid and gid of
+ the local process on newly created files, directories, and
+ devices (create, mkdir, mknod). If the CIFS Unix Extensions
+ are not negotiated, for newly created files and directories
+ instead of using the default uid and gid specified on
+ the mount, cache the new file's uid and gid locally which means
+ that the uid for the file can change when the inode is
+ reloaded (or the user remounts the share).
+ nosetuids
+ The client will not attempt to set the uid and gid on
+ on newly created files, directories, and devices (create,
+ mkdir, mknod) which will result in the server setting the
+ uid and gid to the default (usually the server uid of the
+ user who mounted the share). Letting the server (rather than
+ the client) set the uid and gid is the default. If the CIFS
+ Unix Extensions are not negotiated then the uid and gid for
+ new files will appear to be the uid (gid) of the mounter or the
+ uid (gid) parameter specified on the mount.
+ netbiosname
+ When mounting to servers via port 139, specifies the RFC1001
+ source name to use to represent the client netbios machine
+ name when doing the RFC1001 netbios session initialize.
+ direct
+ Do not do inode data caching on files opened on this mount.
+ This precludes mmapping files on this mount. In some cases
+ with fast networks and little or no caching benefits on the
+ client (e.g. when the application is doing large sequential
+ reads bigger than page size without rereading the same data)
+ this can provide better performance than the default
+ behavior which caches reads (readahead) and writes
+ (writebehind) through the local Linux client pagecache
+ if oplock (caching token) is granted and held. Note that
+ direct allows write operations larger than page size
+ to be sent to the server.
+ strictcache
+ Use for switching on strict cache mode. In this mode the
+ client read from the cache all the time it has Oplock Level II,
+ otherwise - read from the server. All written data are stored
+ in the cache, but if the client doesn't have Exclusive Oplock,
+ it writes the data to the server.
+ rwpidforward
+ Forward pid of a process who opened a file to any read or write
+ operation on that file. This prevent applications like WINE
+ from failing on read and write if we use mandatory brlock style.
+ acl
+ Allow setfacl and getfacl to manage posix ACLs if server
+ supports them. (default)
+ noacl
+ Do not allow setfacl and getfacl calls on this mount
+ user_xattr
+ Allow getting and setting user xattrs (those attributes whose
+ name begins with ``user.`` or ``os2.``) as OS/2 EAs (extended
+ attributes) to the server. This allows support of the
+ setfattr and getfattr utilities. (default)
+ nouser_xattr
+ Do not allow getfattr/setfattr to get/set/list xattrs
+ mapchars
+ Translate six of the seven reserved characters (not backslash)::
+
+ *?<>|:
+
+ to the remap range (above 0xF000), which also
+ allows the CIFS client to recognize files created with
+ such characters by Windows's POSIX emulation. This can
+ also be useful when mounting to most versions of Samba
+ (which also forbids creating and opening files
+ whose names contain any of these seven characters).
+ This has no effect if the server does not support
+ Unicode on the wire.
+ nomapchars
+ Do not translate any of these seven characters (default).
+ nocase
+ Request case insensitive path name matching (case
+ sensitive is the default if the server supports it).
+ (mount option ``ignorecase`` is identical to ``nocase``)
+ posixpaths
+ If CIFS Unix extensions are supported, attempt to
+ negotiate posix path name support which allows certain
+ characters forbidden in typical CIFS filenames, without
+ requiring remapping. (default)
+ noposixpaths
+ If CIFS Unix extensions are supported, do not request
+ posix path name support (this may cause servers to
+ reject creatingfile with certain reserved characters).
+ nounix
+ Disable the CIFS Unix Extensions for this mount (tree
+ connection). This is rarely needed, but it may be useful
+ in order to turn off multiple settings all at once (ie
+ posix acls, posix locks, posix paths, symlink support
+ and retrieving uids/gids/mode from the server) or to
+ work around a bug in server which implement the Unix
+ Extensions.
+ nobrl
+ Do not send byte range lock requests to the server.
+ This is necessary for certain applications that break
+ with cifs style mandatory byte range locks (and most
+ cifs servers do not yet support requesting advisory
+ byte range locks).
+ forcemandatorylock
+ Even if the server supports posix (advisory) byte range
+ locking, send only mandatory lock requests. For some
+ (presumably rare) applications, originally coded for
+ DOS/Windows, which require Windows style mandatory byte range
+ locking, they may be able to take advantage of this option,
+ forcing the cifs client to only send mandatory locks
+ even if the cifs server would support posix advisory locks.
+ ``forcemand`` is accepted as a shorter form of this mount
+ option.
+ nostrictsync
+ If this mount option is set, when an application does an
+ fsync call then the cifs client does not send an SMB Flush
+ to the server (to force the server to write all dirty data
+ for this file immediately to disk), although cifs still sends
+ all dirty (cached) file data to the server and waits for the
+ server to respond to the write. Since SMB Flush can be
+ very slow, and some servers may be reliable enough (to risk
+ delaying slightly flushing the data to disk on the server),
+ turning on this option may be useful to improve performance for
+ applications that fsync too much, at a small risk of server
+ crash. If this mount option is not set, by default cifs will
+ send an SMB flush request (and wait for a response) on every
+ fsync call.
+ nodfs
+ Disable DFS (global name space support) even if the
+ server claims to support it. This can help work around
+ a problem with parsing of DFS paths with Samba server
+ versions 3.0.24 and 3.0.25.
+ remount
+ remount the share (often used to change from ro to rw mounts
+ or vice versa)
+ cifsacl
+ Report mode bits (e.g. on stat) based on the Windows ACL for
+ the file. (EXPERIMENTAL)
+ servern
+ Specify the server 's netbios name (RFC1001 name) to use
+ when attempting to setup a session to the server.
+ This is needed for mounting to some older servers (such
+ as OS/2 or Windows 98 and Windows ME) since they do not
+ support a default server name. A server name can be up
+ to 15 characters long and is usually uppercased.
+ sfu
+ When the CIFS Unix Extensions are not negotiated, attempt to
+ create device files and fifos in a format compatible with
+ Services for Unix (SFU). In addition retrieve bits 10-12
+ of the mode via the SETFILEBITS extended attribute (as
+ SFU does). In the future the bottom 9 bits of the
+ mode also will be emulated using queries of the security
+ descriptor (ACL).
+ mfsymlinks
+ Enable support for Minshall+French symlinks
+ (see http://wiki.samba.org/index.php/UNIX_Extensions#Minshall.2BFrench_symlinks)
+ This option is ignored when specified together with the
+ 'sfu' option. Minshall+French symlinks are used even if
+ the server supports the CIFS Unix Extensions.
+ sign
+ Must use packet signing (helps avoid unwanted data modification
+ by intermediate systems in the route). Note that signing
+ does not work with lanman or plaintext authentication.
+ seal
+ Must seal (encrypt) all data on this mounted share before
+ sending on the network. Requires support for Unix Extensions.
+ Note that this differs from the sign mount option in that it
+ causes encryption of data sent over this mounted share but other
+ shares mounted to the same server are unaffected.
+ locallease
+ This option is rarely needed. Fcntl F_SETLEASE is
+ used by some applications such as Samba and NFSv4 server to
+ check to see whether a file is cacheable. CIFS has no way
+ to explicitly request a lease, but can check whether a file
+ is cacheable (oplocked). Unfortunately, even if a file
+ is not oplocked, it could still be cacheable (ie cifs client
+ could grant fcntl leases if no other local processes are using
+ the file) for cases for example such as when the server does not
+ support oplocks and the user is sure that the only updates to
+ the file will be from this client. Specifying this mount option
+ will allow the cifs client to check for leases (only) locally
+ for files which are not oplocked instead of denying leases
+ in that case. (EXPERIMENTAL)
+ sec
+ Security mode. Allowed values are:
+
+ none
+ attempt to connection as a null user (no name)
+ krb5
+ Use Kerberos version 5 authentication
+ krb5i
+ Use Kerberos authentication and packet signing
+ ntlm
+ Use NTLM password hashing (default)
+ ntlmi
+ Use NTLM password hashing with signing (if
+ /proc/fs/cifs/PacketSigningEnabled on or if
+ server requires signing also can be the default)
+ ntlmv2
+ Use NTLMv2 password hashing
+ ntlmv2i
+ Use NTLMv2 password hashing with packet signing
+ lanman
+ (if configured in kernel config) use older
+ lanman hash
+ hard
+ Retry file operations if server is not responding
+ soft
+ Limit retries to unresponsive servers (usually only
+ one retry) before returning an error. (default)
+
+The mount.cifs mount helper also accepts a few mount options before -o
+including:
+
+=============== ===============================================================
+ -S take password from stdin (equivalent to setting the environment
+ variable ``PASSWD_FD=0``
+ -V print mount.cifs version
+ -? display simple usage information
+=============== ===============================================================
+
+With most 2.6 kernel versions of modutils, the version of the cifs kernel
+module can be displayed via modinfo.
+
+Misc /proc/fs/cifs Flags and Debug Info
+=======================================
+
+Informational pseudo-files:
+
+======================= =======================================================
+DebugData Displays information about active CIFS sessions and
+ shares, features enabled as well as the cifs.ko
+ version.
+Stats Lists summary resource usage information as well as per
+ share statistics.
+open_files List all the open file handles on all active SMB sessions.
+mount_params List of all mount parameters available for the module
+======================= =======================================================
+
+Configuration pseudo-files:
+
+======================= =======================================================
+SecurityFlags Flags which control security negotiation and
+ also packet signing. Authentication (may/must)
+ flags (e.g. for NTLMv2) may be combined with
+ the signing flags. Specifying two different password
+ hashing mechanisms (as "must use") on the other hand
+ does not make much sense. Default flags are::
+
+ 0x00C5
+
+ (NTLMv2 and packet signing allowed). Some SecurityFlags
+ may require enabling a corresponding menuconfig option.
+
+ may use packet signing 0x00001
+ must use packet signing 0x01001
+ may use NTLMv2 0x00004
+ must use NTLMv2 0x04004
+ may use Kerberos security (krb5) 0x00008
+ must use Kerberos 0x08008
+ may use NTLMSSP 0x00080
+ must use NTLMSSP 0x80080
+ seal (packet encryption) 0x00040
+ must seal 0x40040
+
+cifsFYI If set to non-zero value, additional debug information
+ will be logged to the system error log. This field
+ contains three flags controlling different classes of
+ debugging entries. The maximum value it can be set
+ to is 7 which enables all debugging points (default 0).
+ Some debugging statements are not compiled into the
+ cifs kernel unless CONFIG_CIFS_DEBUG2 is enabled in the
+ kernel configuration. cifsFYI may be set to one or
+ more of the following flags (7 sets them all)::
+
+ +-----------------------------------------------+------+
+ | log cifs informational messages | 0x01 |
+ +-----------------------------------------------+------+
+ | log return codes from cifs entry points | 0x02 |
+ +-----------------------------------------------+------+
+ | log slow responses | 0x04 |
+ | (ie which take longer than 1 second) | |
+ | | |
+ | CONFIG_CIFS_STATS2 must be enabled in .config | |
+ +-----------------------------------------------+------+
+
+traceSMB If set to one, debug information is logged to the
+ system error log with the start of smb requests
+ and responses (default 0)
+LookupCacheEnable If set to one, inode information is kept cached
+ for one second improving performance of lookups
+ (default 1)
+LinuxExtensionsEnabled If set to one then the client will attempt to
+ use the CIFS "UNIX" extensions which are optional
+ protocol enhancements that allow CIFS servers
+ to return accurate UID/GID information as well
+ as support symbolic links. If you use servers
+ such as Samba that support the CIFS Unix
+ extensions but do not want to use symbolic link
+ support and want to map the uid and gid fields
+ to values supplied at mount (rather than the
+ actual values, then set this to zero. (default 1)
+dfscache List the content of the DFS cache.
+ If set to 0, the client will clear the cache.
+======================= =======================================================
+
+These experimental features and tracing can be enabled by changing flags in
+/proc/fs/cifs (after the cifs module has been installed or built into the
+kernel, e.g. insmod cifs). To enable a feature set it to 1 e.g. to enable
+tracing to the kernel message log type::
+
+ echo 7 > /proc/fs/cifs/cifsFYI
+
+cifsFYI functions as a bit mask. Setting it to 1 enables additional kernel
+logging of various informational messages. 2 enables logging of non-zero
+SMB return codes while 4 enables logging of requests that take longer
+than one second to complete (except for byte range lock requests).
+Setting it to 4 requires CONFIG_CIFS_STATS2 to be set in kernel configuration
+(.config). Setting it to seven enables all three. Finally, tracing
+the start of smb requests and responses can be enabled via::
+
+ echo 1 > /proc/fs/cifs/traceSMB
+
+Per share (per client mount) statistics are available in /proc/fs/cifs/Stats.
+Additional information is available if CONFIG_CIFS_STATS2 is enabled in the
+kernel configuration (.config). The statistics returned include counters which
+represent the number of attempted and failed (ie non-zero return code from the
+server) SMB3 (or cifs) requests grouped by request type (read, write, close etc.).
+Also recorded is the total bytes read and bytes written to the server for
+that share. Note that due to client caching effects this can be less than the
+number of bytes read and written by the application running on the client.
+Statistics can be reset to zero by ``echo 0 > /proc/fs/cifs/Stats`` which may be
+useful if comparing performance of two different scenarios.
+
+Also note that ``cat /proc/fs/cifs/DebugData`` will display information about
+the active sessions and the shares that are mounted.
+
+Enabling Kerberos (extended security) works but requires version 1.2 or later
+of the helper program cifs.upcall to be present and to be configured in the
+/etc/request-key.conf file. The cifs.upcall helper program is from the Samba
+project(https://www.samba.org). NTLM and NTLMv2 and LANMAN support do not
+require this helper. Note that NTLMv2 security (which does not require the
+cifs.upcall helper program), instead of using Kerberos, is sufficient for
+some use cases.
+
+DFS support allows transparent redirection to shares in an MS-DFS name space.
+In addition, DFS support for target shares which are specified as UNC
+names which begin with host names (rather than IP addresses) requires
+a user space helper (such as cifs.upcall) to be present in order to
+translate host names to ip address, and the user space helper must also
+be configured in the file /etc/request-key.conf. Samba, Windows servers and
+many NAS appliances support DFS as a way of constructing a global name
+space to ease network configuration and improve reliability.
+
+To use cifs Kerberos and DFS support, the Linux keyutils package should be
+installed and something like the following lines should be added to the
+/etc/request-key.conf file::
+
+ create cifs.spnego * * /usr/local/sbin/cifs.upcall %k
+ create dns_resolver * * /usr/local/sbin/cifs.upcall %k
+
+CIFS kernel module parameters
+=============================
+These module parameters can be specified or modified either during the time of
+module loading or during the runtime by using the interface::
+
+ /sys/module/cifs/parameters/<param>
+
+i.e.::
+
+ echo "value" > /sys/module/cifs/parameters/<param>
+
+More detailed descriptions of the available module parameters and their values
+can be seen by doing:
+
+ modinfo cifs (or modinfo smb3)
+
+================= ==========================================================
+1. enable_oplocks Enable or disable oplocks. Oplocks are enabled by default.
+ [Y/y/1]. To disable use any of [N/n/0].
+================= ==========================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/winucase_convert.pl b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/winucase_convert.pl
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..993186beea20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/winucase_convert.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+#
+# winucase_convert.pl -- convert "Windows 8 Upper Case Mapping Table.txt" to
+# a two-level set of C arrays.
+#
+# Copyright 2013: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+while(<>) {
+ next if (!/^0x(..)(..)\t0x(....)\t/);
+ $firstchar = hex($1);
+ $secondchar = hex($2);
+ $uppercase = hex($3);
+
+ $top[$firstchar][$secondchar] = $uppercase;
+}
+
+for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
+ next if (!$top[$i]);
+
+ printf("static const wchar_t t2_%2.2x[256] = {", $i);
+ for ($j = 0; $j < 256; $j++) {
+ if (($j % 8) == 0) {
+ print "\n\t";
+ } else {
+ print " ";
+ }
+ printf("0x%4.4x,", $top[$i][$j] ? $top[$i][$j] : 0);
+ }
+ print "\n};\n\n";
+}
+
+printf("static const wchar_t *const toplevel[256] = {", $i);
+for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
+ if (($i % 8) == 0) {
+ print "\n\t";
+ } elsif ($top[$i]) {
+ print " ";
+ } else {
+ print " ";
+ }
+
+ if ($top[$i]) {
+ printf("t2_%2.2x,", $i);
+ } else {
+ print "NULL,";
+ }
+}
+print "\n};\n\n";
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/clearing-warn-once.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/clearing-warn-once.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..211fd926cf00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/clearing-warn-once.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Clearing WARN_ONCE
+------------------
+
+WARN_ONCE / WARN_ON_ONCE / printk_once only emit a message once.
+
+echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/clear_warn_once
+
+clears the state and allows the warnings to print once again.
+This can be useful after test suite runs to reproduce problems.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cpu-load.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cpu-load.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..21a984337080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cpu-load.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+========
+CPU load
+========
+
+Linux exports various bits of information via ``/proc/stat`` and
+``/proc/uptime`` that userland tools, such as top(1), use to calculate
+the average time system spent in a particular state, for example::
+
+ $ iostat
+ Linux 2.6.18.3-exp (linmac) 02/20/2007
+
+ avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
+ 10.01 0.00 2.92 5.44 0.00 81.63
+
+ ...
+
+Here the system thinks that over the default sampling period the
+system spent 10.01% of the time doing work in user space, 2.92% in the
+kernel, and was overall 81.63% of the time idle.
+
+In most cases the ``/proc/stat`` information reflects the reality quite
+closely, however due to the nature of how/when the kernel collects
+this data sometimes it can not be trusted at all.
+
+So how is this information collected? Whenever timer interrupt is
+signalled the kernel looks what kind of task was running at this
+moment and increments the counter that corresponds to this tasks
+kind/state. The problem with this is that the system could have
+switched between various states multiple times between two timer
+interrupts yet the counter is incremented only for the last state.
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+If we imagine the system with one task that periodically burns cycles
+in the following manner::
+
+ time line between two timer interrupts
+ |--------------------------------------|
+ ^ ^
+ |_ something begins working |
+ |_ something goes to sleep
+ (only to be awaken quite soon)
+
+In the above situation the system will be 0% loaded according to the
+``/proc/stat`` (since the timer interrupt will always happen when the
+system is executing the idle handler), but in reality the load is
+closer to 99%.
+
+One can imagine many more situations where this behavior of the kernel
+will lead to quite erratic information inside ``/proc/stat``::
+
+
+ /* gcc -o hog smallhog.c */
+ #include <time.h>
+ #include <limits.h>
+ #include <signal.h>
+ #include <sys/time.h>
+ #define HIST 10
+
+ static volatile sig_atomic_t stop;
+
+ static void sighandler(int signr)
+ {
+ (void) signr;
+ stop = 1;
+ }
+
+ static unsigned long hog (unsigned long niters)
+ {
+ stop = 0;
+ while (!stop && --niters);
+ return niters;
+ }
+
+ int main (void)
+ {
+ int i;
+ struct itimerval it = {
+ .it_interval = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 1 },
+ .it_value = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 1 } };
+ sigset_t set;
+ unsigned long v[HIST];
+ double tmp = 0.0;
+ unsigned long n;
+ signal(SIGALRM, &sighandler);
+ setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &it, NULL);
+
+ hog (ULONG_MAX);
+ for (i = 0; i < HIST; ++i) v[i] = ULONG_MAX - hog(ULONG_MAX);
+ for (i = 0; i < HIST; ++i) tmp += v[i];
+ tmp /= HIST;
+ n = tmp - (tmp / 3.0);
+
+ sigemptyset(&set);
+ sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
+
+ for (;;) {
+ hog(n);
+ sigwait(&set, &i);
+ }
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+
+References
+----------
+
+- https://lore.kernel.org/r/loom.20070212T063225-663@post.gmane.org
+- Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst (1.8)
+
+
+Thanks
+------
+
+Con Kolivas, Pavel Machek
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cputopology.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cputopology.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d29cacc9b3c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cputopology.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+===========================================
+How CPU topology info is exported via sysfs
+===========================================
+
+CPU topology info is exported via sysfs. Items (attributes) are similar
+to /proc/cpuinfo output of some architectures. They reside in
+/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/. Please refer to the ABI file:
+Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-system-cpu.
+
+Architecture-neutral, drivers/base/topology.c, exports these attributes.
+However the die, cluster, book, and drawer hierarchy related sysfs files will
+only be created if an architecture provides the related macros as described
+below.
+
+For an architecture to support this feature, it must define some of
+these macros in include/asm-XXX/topology.h::
+
+ #define topology_physical_package_id(cpu)
+ #define topology_die_id(cpu)
+ #define topology_cluster_id(cpu)
+ #define topology_core_id(cpu)
+ #define topology_book_id(cpu)
+ #define topology_drawer_id(cpu)
+ #define topology_sibling_cpumask(cpu)
+ #define topology_core_cpumask(cpu)
+ #define topology_cluster_cpumask(cpu)
+ #define topology_die_cpumask(cpu)
+ #define topology_book_cpumask(cpu)
+ #define topology_drawer_cpumask(cpu)
+
+The type of ``**_id macros`` is int.
+The type of ``**_cpumask macros`` is ``(const) struct cpumask *``. The latter
+correspond with appropriate ``**_siblings`` sysfs attributes (except for
+topology_sibling_cpumask() which corresponds with thread_siblings).
+
+To be consistent on all architectures, include/linux/topology.h
+provides default definitions for any of the above macros that are
+not defined by include/asm-XXX/topology.h:
+
+1) topology_physical_package_id: -1
+2) topology_die_id: -1
+3) topology_cluster_id: -1
+4) topology_core_id: 0
+5) topology_book_id: -1
+6) topology_drawer_id: -1
+7) topology_sibling_cpumask: just the given CPU
+8) topology_core_cpumask: just the given CPU
+9) topology_cluster_cpumask: just the given CPU
+10) topology_die_cpumask: just the given CPU
+11) topology_book_cpumask: just the given CPU
+12) topology_drawer_cpumask: just the given CPU
+
+Additionally, CPU topology information is provided under
+/sys/devices/system/cpu and includes these files. The internal
+source for the output is in brackets ("[]").
+
+ =========== ==========================================================
+ kernel_max: the maximum CPU index allowed by the kernel configuration.
+ [NR_CPUS-1]
+
+ offline: CPUs that are not online because they have been
+ HOTPLUGGED off or exceed the limit of CPUs allowed by the
+ kernel configuration (kernel_max above).
+ [~cpu_online_mask + cpus >= NR_CPUS]
+
+ online: CPUs that are online and being scheduled [cpu_online_mask]
+
+ possible: CPUs that have been allocated resources and can be
+ brought online if they are present. [cpu_possible_mask]
+
+ present: CPUs that have been identified as being present in the
+ system. [cpu_present_mask]
+ =========== ==========================================================
+
+The format for the above output is compatible with cpulist_parse()
+[see <linux/cpumask.h>]. Some examples follow.
+
+In this example, there are 64 CPUs in the system but cpus 32-63 exceed
+the kernel max which is limited to 0..31 by the NR_CPUS config option
+being 32. Note also that CPUs 2 and 4-31 are not online but could be
+brought online as they are both present and possible::
+
+ kernel_max: 31
+ offline: 2,4-31,32-63
+ online: 0-1,3
+ possible: 0-31
+ present: 0-31
+
+In this example, the NR_CPUS config option is 128, but the kernel was
+started with possible_cpus=144. There are 4 CPUs in the system and cpu2
+was manually taken offline (and is the only CPU that can be brought
+online.)::
+
+ kernel_max: 127
+ offline: 2,4-127,128-143
+ online: 0-1,3
+ possible: 0-127
+ present: 0-3
+
+See Documentation/core-api/cpu_hotplug.rst for the possible_cpus=NUM
+kernel start parameter as well as more information on the various cpumasks.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/dell_rbu.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/dell_rbu.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2196caf1b939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/dell_rbu.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+=========================================
+Dell Remote BIOS Update driver (dell_rbu)
+=========================================
+
+Purpose
+=======
+
+Document demonstrating the use of the Dell Remote BIOS Update driver
+for updating BIOS images on Dell servers and desktops.
+
+Scope
+=====
+
+This document discusses the functionality of the rbu driver only.
+It does not cover the support needed from applications to enable the BIOS to
+update itself with the image downloaded in to the memory.
+
+Overview
+========
+
+This driver works with Dell OpenManage or Dell Update Packages for updating
+the BIOS on Dell servers (starting from servers sold since 1999), desktops
+and notebooks (starting from those sold in 2005).
+
+Please go to http://support.dell.com register and you can find info on
+OpenManage and Dell Update packages (DUP).
+
+Libsmbios can also be used to update BIOS on Dell systems go to
+https://linux.dell.com/libsmbios/ for details.
+
+Dell_RBU driver supports BIOS update using the monolithic image and packetized
+image methods. In case of monolithic the driver allocates a contiguous chunk
+of physical pages having the BIOS image. In case of packetized the app
+using the driver breaks the image in to packets of fixed sizes and the driver
+would place each packet in contiguous physical memory. The driver also
+maintains a link list of packets for reading them back.
+
+If the dell_rbu driver is unloaded all the allocated memory is freed.
+
+The rbu driver needs to have an application (as mentioned above) which will
+inform the BIOS to enable the update in the next system reboot.
+
+The user should not unload the rbu driver after downloading the BIOS image
+or updating.
+
+The driver load creates the following directories under the /sys file system::
+
+ /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
+ /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data
+ /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
+ /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/data
+ /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/packet_size
+
+The driver supports two types of update mechanism; monolithic and packetized.
+These update mechanism depends upon the BIOS currently running on the system.
+Most of the Dell systems support a monolithic update where the BIOS image is
+copied to a single contiguous block of physical memory.
+
+In case of packet mechanism the single memory can be broken in smaller chunks
+of contiguous memory and the BIOS image is scattered in these packets.
+
+By default the driver uses monolithic memory for the update type. This can be
+changed to packets during the driver load time by specifying the load
+parameter image_type=packet. This can also be changed later as below::
+
+ echo packet > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
+
+In packet update mode the packet size has to be given before any packets can
+be downloaded. It is done as below::
+
+ echo XXXX > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/packet_size
+
+In the packet update mechanism, the user needs to create a new file having
+packets of data arranged back to back. It can be done as follows:
+The user creates packets header, gets the chunk of the BIOS image and
+places it next to the packetheader; now, the packetheader + BIOS image chunk
+added together should match the specified packet_size. This makes one
+packet, the user needs to create more such packets out of the entire BIOS
+image file and then arrange all these packets back to back in to one single
+file.
+
+This file is then copied to /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data.
+Once this file gets to the driver, the driver extracts packet_size data from
+the file and spreads it across the physical memory in contiguous packet_sized
+space.
+
+This method makes sure that all the packets get to the driver in a single operation.
+
+In monolithic update the user simply get the BIOS image (.hdr file) and copies
+to the data file as is without any change to the BIOS image itself.
+
+Do the steps below to download the BIOS image.
+
+1) echo 1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
+2) cp bios_image.hdr /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data
+3) echo 0 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
+
+The /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/ entries will remain till the following is
+done.
+
+::
+
+ echo -1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
+
+Until this step is completed the driver cannot be unloaded.
+
+Also echoing either mono, packet or init in to image_type will free up the
+memory allocated by the driver.
+
+If a user by accident executes steps 1 and 3 above without executing step 2;
+it will make the /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/ entries disappear.
+
+The entries can be recreated by doing the following::
+
+ echo init > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
+
+.. note:: echoing init in image_type does not change its original value.
+
+Also the driver provides /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/data readonly file to
+read back the image downloaded.
+
+.. note::
+
+ After updating the BIOS image a user mode application needs to execute
+ code which sends the BIOS update request to the BIOS. So on the next reboot
+ the BIOS knows about the new image downloaded and it updates itself.
+ Also don't unload the rbu driver if the image has to be updated.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/cache-policies.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/cache-policies.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..13da4d831d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/cache-policies.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+=============================
+Guidance for writing policies
+=============================
+
+Try to keep transactionality out of it. The core is careful to
+avoid asking about anything that is migrating. This is a pain, but
+makes it easier to write the policies.
+
+Mappings are loaded into the policy at construction time.
+
+Every bio that is mapped by the target is referred to the policy.
+The policy can return a simple HIT or MISS or issue a migration.
+
+Currently there's no way for the policy to issue background work,
+e.g. to start writing back dirty blocks that are going to be evicted
+soon.
+
+Because we map bios, rather than requests it's easy for the policy
+to get fooled by many small bios. For this reason the core target
+issues periodic ticks to the policy. It's suggested that the policy
+doesn't update states (eg, hit counts) for a block more than once
+for each tick. The core ticks by watching bios complete, and so
+trying to see when the io scheduler has let the ios run.
+
+
+Overview of supplied cache replacement policies
+===============================================
+
+multiqueue (mq)
+---------------
+
+This policy is now an alias for smq (see below).
+
+The following tunables are accepted, but have no effect::
+
+ 'sequential_threshold <#nr_sequential_ios>'
+ 'random_threshold <#nr_random_ios>'
+ 'read_promote_adjustment <value>'
+ 'write_promote_adjustment <value>'
+ 'discard_promote_adjustment <value>'
+
+Stochastic multiqueue (smq)
+---------------------------
+
+This policy is the default.
+
+The stochastic multi-queue (smq) policy addresses some of the problems
+with the multiqueue (mq) policy.
+
+The smq policy (vs mq) offers the promise of less memory utilization,
+improved performance and increased adaptability in the face of changing
+workloads. smq also does not have any cumbersome tuning knobs.
+
+Users may switch from "mq" to "smq" simply by appropriately reloading a
+DM table that is using the cache target. Doing so will cause all of the
+mq policy's hints to be dropped. Also, performance of the cache may
+degrade slightly until smq recalculates the origin device's hotspots
+that should be cached.
+
+Memory usage
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The mq policy used a lot of memory; 88 bytes per cache block on a 64
+bit machine.
+
+smq uses 28bit indexes to implement its data structures rather than
+pointers. It avoids storing an explicit hit count for each block. It
+has a 'hotspot' queue, rather than a pre-cache, which uses a quarter of
+the entries (each hotspot block covers a larger area than a single
+cache block).
+
+All this means smq uses ~25bytes per cache block. Still a lot of
+memory, but a substantial improvement nonetheless.
+
+Level balancing
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+mq placed entries in different levels of the multiqueue structures
+based on their hit count (~ln(hit count)). This meant the bottom
+levels generally had the most entries, and the top ones had very
+few. Having unbalanced levels like this reduced the efficacy of the
+multiqueue.
+
+smq does not maintain a hit count, instead it swaps hit entries with
+the least recently used entry from the level above. The overall
+ordering being a side effect of this stochastic process. With this
+scheme we can decide how many entries occupy each multiqueue level,
+resulting in better promotion/demotion decisions.
+
+Adaptability:
+The mq policy maintained a hit count for each cache block. For a
+different block to get promoted to the cache its hit count has to
+exceed the lowest currently in the cache. This meant it could take a
+long time for the cache to adapt between varying IO patterns.
+
+smq doesn't maintain hit counts, so a lot of this problem just goes
+away. In addition it tracks performance of the hotspot queue, which
+is used to decide which blocks to promote. If the hotspot queue is
+performing badly then it starts moving entries more quickly between
+levels. This lets it adapt to new IO patterns very quickly.
+
+Performance
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Testing smq shows substantially better performance than mq.
+
+cleaner
+-------
+
+The cleaner writes back all dirty blocks in a cache to decommission it.
+
+Examples
+========
+
+The syntax for a table is::
+
+ cache <metadata dev> <cache dev> <origin dev> <block size>
+ <#feature_args> [<feature arg>]*
+ <policy> <#policy_args> [<policy arg>]*
+
+The syntax to send a message using the dmsetup command is::
+
+ dmsetup message <mapped device> 0 sequential_threshold 1024
+ dmsetup message <mapped device> 0 random_threshold 8
+
+Using dmsetup::
+
+ dmsetup create blah --table "0 268435456 cache /dev/sdb /dev/sdc \
+ /dev/sdd 512 0 mq 4 sequential_threshold 1024 random_threshold 8"
+ creates a 128GB large mapped device named 'blah' with the
+ sequential threshold set to 1024 and the random_threshold set to 8.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/cache.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/cache.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f15e5254d05b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/cache.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+=====
+Cache
+=====
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+dm-cache is a device mapper target written by Joe Thornber, Heinz
+Mauelshagen, and Mike Snitzer.
+
+It aims to improve performance of a block device (eg, a spindle) by
+dynamically migrating some of its data to a faster, smaller device
+(eg, an SSD).
+
+This device-mapper solution allows us to insert this caching at
+different levels of the dm stack, for instance above the data device for
+a thin-provisioning pool. Caching solutions that are integrated more
+closely with the virtual memory system should give better performance.
+
+The target reuses the metadata library used in the thin-provisioning
+library.
+
+The decision as to what data to migrate and when is left to a plug-in
+policy module. Several of these have been written as we experiment,
+and we hope other people will contribute others for specific io
+scenarios (eg. a vm image server).
+
+Glossary
+========
+
+ Migration
+ Movement of the primary copy of a logical block from one
+ device to the other.
+ Promotion
+ Migration from slow device to fast device.
+ Demotion
+ Migration from fast device to slow device.
+
+The origin device always contains a copy of the logical block, which
+may be out of date or kept in sync with the copy on the cache device
+(depending on policy).
+
+Design
+======
+
+Sub-devices
+-----------
+
+The target is constructed by passing three devices to it (along with
+other parameters detailed later):
+
+1. An origin device - the big, slow one.
+
+2. A cache device - the small, fast one.
+
+3. A small metadata device - records which blocks are in the cache,
+ which are dirty, and extra hints for use by the policy object.
+ This information could be put on the cache device, but having it
+ separate allows the volume manager to configure it differently,
+ e.g. as a mirror for extra robustness. This metadata device may only
+ be used by a single cache device.
+
+Fixed block size
+----------------
+
+The origin is divided up into blocks of a fixed size. This block size
+is configurable when you first create the cache. Typically we've been
+using block sizes of 256KB - 1024KB. The block size must be between 64
+sectors (32KB) and 2097152 sectors (1GB) and a multiple of 64 sectors (32KB).
+
+Having a fixed block size simplifies the target a lot. But it is
+something of a compromise. For instance, a small part of a block may be
+getting hit a lot, yet the whole block will be promoted to the cache.
+So large block sizes are bad because they waste cache space. And small
+block sizes are bad because they increase the amount of metadata (both
+in core and on disk).
+
+Cache operating modes
+---------------------
+
+The cache has three operating modes: writeback, writethrough and
+passthrough.
+
+If writeback, the default, is selected then a write to a block that is
+cached will go only to the cache and the block will be marked dirty in
+the metadata.
+
+If writethrough is selected then a write to a cached block will not
+complete until it has hit both the origin and cache devices. Clean
+blocks should remain clean.
+
+If passthrough is selected, useful when the cache contents are not known
+to be coherent with the origin device, then all reads are served from
+the origin device (all reads miss the cache) and all writes are
+forwarded to the origin device; additionally, write hits cause cache
+block invalidates. To enable passthrough mode the cache must be clean.
+Passthrough mode allows a cache device to be activated without having to
+worry about coherency. Coherency that exists is maintained, although
+the cache will gradually cool as writes take place. If the coherency of
+the cache can later be verified, or established through use of the
+"invalidate_cblocks" message, the cache device can be transitioned to
+writethrough or writeback mode while still warm. Otherwise, the cache
+contents can be discarded prior to transitioning to the desired
+operating mode.
+
+A simple cleaner policy is provided, which will clean (write back) all
+dirty blocks in a cache. Useful for decommissioning a cache or when
+shrinking a cache. Shrinking the cache's fast device requires all cache
+blocks, in the area of the cache being removed, to be clean. If the
+area being removed from the cache still contains dirty blocks the resize
+will fail. Care must be taken to never reduce the volume used for the
+cache's fast device until the cache is clean. This is of particular
+importance if writeback mode is used. Writethrough and passthrough
+modes already maintain a clean cache. Future support to partially clean
+the cache, above a specified threshold, will allow for keeping the cache
+warm and in writeback mode during resize.
+
+Migration throttling
+--------------------
+
+Migrating data between the origin and cache device uses bandwidth.
+The user can set a throttle to prevent more than a certain amount of
+migration occurring at any one time. Currently we're not taking any
+account of normal io traffic going to the devices. More work needs
+doing here to avoid migrating during those peak io moments.
+
+For the time being, a message "migration_threshold <#sectors>"
+can be used to set the maximum number of sectors being migrated,
+the default being 2048 sectors (1MB).
+
+Updating on-disk metadata
+-------------------------
+
+On-disk metadata is committed every time a FLUSH or FUA bio is written.
+If no such requests are made then commits will occur every second. This
+means the cache behaves like a physical disk that has a volatile write
+cache. If power is lost you may lose some recent writes. The metadata
+should always be consistent in spite of any crash.
+
+The 'dirty' state for a cache block changes far too frequently for us
+to keep updating it on the fly. So we treat it as a hint. In normal
+operation it will be written when the dm device is suspended. If the
+system crashes all cache blocks will be assumed dirty when restarted.
+
+Per-block policy hints
+----------------------
+
+Policy plug-ins can store a chunk of data per cache block. It's up to
+the policy how big this chunk is, but it should be kept small. Like the
+dirty flags this data is lost if there's a crash so a safe fallback
+value should always be possible.
+
+Policy hints affect performance, not correctness.
+
+Policy messaging
+----------------
+
+Policies will have different tunables, specific to each one, so we
+need a generic way of getting and setting these. Device-mapper
+messages are used. Refer to cache-policies.txt.
+
+Discard bitset resolution
+-------------------------
+
+We can avoid copying data during migration if we know the block has
+been discarded. A prime example of this is when mkfs discards the
+whole block device. We store a bitset tracking the discard state of
+blocks. However, we allow this bitset to have a different block size
+from the cache blocks. This is because we need to track the discard
+state for all of the origin device (compare with the dirty bitset
+which is just for the smaller cache device).
+
+Target interface
+================
+
+Constructor
+-----------
+
+ ::
+
+ cache <metadata dev> <cache dev> <origin dev> <block size>
+ <#feature args> [<feature arg>]*
+ <policy> <#policy args> [policy args]*
+
+ ================ =======================================================
+ metadata dev fast device holding the persistent metadata
+ cache dev fast device holding cached data blocks
+ origin dev slow device holding original data blocks
+ block size cache unit size in sectors
+
+ #feature args number of feature arguments passed
+ feature args writethrough or passthrough (The default is writeback.)
+
+ policy the replacement policy to use
+ #policy args an even number of arguments corresponding to
+ key/value pairs passed to the policy
+ policy args key/value pairs passed to the policy
+ E.g. 'sequential_threshold 1024'
+ See cache-policies.txt for details.
+ ================ =======================================================
+
+Optional feature arguments are:
+
+
+ ==================== ========================================================
+ writethrough write through caching that prohibits cache block
+ content from being different from origin block content.
+ Without this argument, the default behaviour is to write
+ back cache block contents later for performance reasons,
+ so they may differ from the corresponding origin blocks.
+
+ passthrough a degraded mode useful for various cache coherency
+ situations (e.g., rolling back snapshots of
+ underlying storage). Reads and writes always go to
+ the origin. If a write goes to a cached origin
+ block, then the cache block is invalidated.
+ To enable passthrough mode the cache must be clean.
+
+ metadata2 use version 2 of the metadata. This stores the dirty
+ bits in a separate btree, which improves speed of
+ shutting down the cache.
+
+ no_discard_passdown disable passing down discards from the cache
+ to the origin's data device.
+ ==================== ========================================================
+
+A policy called 'default' is always registered. This is an alias for
+the policy we currently think is giving best all round performance.
+
+As the default policy could vary between kernels, if you are relying on
+the characteristics of a specific policy, always request it by name.
+
+Status
+------
+
+::
+
+ <metadata block size> <#used metadata blocks>/<#total metadata blocks>
+ <cache block size> <#used cache blocks>/<#total cache blocks>
+ <#read hits> <#read misses> <#write hits> <#write misses>
+ <#demotions> <#promotions> <#dirty> <#features> <features>*
+ <#core args> <core args>* <policy name> <#policy args> <policy args>*
+ <cache metadata mode>
+
+
+========================= =====================================================
+metadata block size Fixed block size for each metadata block in
+ sectors
+#used metadata blocks Number of metadata blocks used
+#total metadata blocks Total number of metadata blocks
+cache block size Configurable block size for the cache device
+ in sectors
+#used cache blocks Number of blocks resident in the cache
+#total cache blocks Total number of cache blocks
+#read hits Number of times a READ bio has been mapped
+ to the cache
+#read misses Number of times a READ bio has been mapped
+ to the origin
+#write hits Number of times a WRITE bio has been mapped
+ to the cache
+#write misses Number of times a WRITE bio has been
+ mapped to the origin
+#demotions Number of times a block has been removed
+ from the cache
+#promotions Number of times a block has been moved to
+ the cache
+#dirty Number of blocks in the cache that differ
+ from the origin
+#feature args Number of feature args to follow
+feature args 'writethrough' (optional)
+#core args Number of core arguments (must be even)
+core args Key/value pairs for tuning the core
+ e.g. migration_threshold
+policy name Name of the policy
+#policy args Number of policy arguments to follow (must be even)
+policy args Key/value pairs e.g. sequential_threshold
+cache metadata mode ro if read-only, rw if read-write
+
+ In serious cases where even a read-only mode is
+ deemed unsafe no further I/O will be permitted and
+ the status will just contain the string 'Fail'.
+ The userspace recovery tools should then be used.
+needs_check 'needs_check' if set, '-' if not set
+ A metadata operation has failed, resulting in the
+ needs_check flag being set in the metadata's
+ superblock. The metadata device must be
+ deactivated and checked/repaired before the
+ cache can be made fully operational again.
+ '-' indicates needs_check is not set.
+========================= =====================================================
+
+Messages
+--------
+
+Policies will have different tunables, specific to each one, so we
+need a generic way of getting and setting these. Device-mapper
+messages are used. (A sysfs interface would also be possible.)
+
+The message format is::
+
+ <key> <value>
+
+E.g.::
+
+ dmsetup message my_cache 0 sequential_threshold 1024
+
+
+Invalidation is removing an entry from the cache without writing it
+back. Cache blocks can be invalidated via the invalidate_cblocks
+message, which takes an arbitrary number of cblock ranges. Each cblock
+range's end value is "one past the end", meaning 5-10 expresses a range
+of values from 5 to 9. Each cblock must be expressed as a decimal
+value, in the future a variant message that takes cblock ranges
+expressed in hexadecimal may be needed to better support efficient
+invalidation of larger caches. The cache must be in passthrough mode
+when invalidate_cblocks is used::
+
+ invalidate_cblocks [<cblock>|<cblock begin>-<cblock end>]*
+
+E.g.::
+
+ dmsetup message my_cache 0 invalidate_cblocks 2345 3456-4567 5678-6789
+
+Examples
+========
+
+The test suite can be found here:
+
+https://github.com/jthornber/device-mapper-test-suite
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup create my_cache --table '0 41943040 cache /dev/mapper/metadata \
+ /dev/mapper/ssd /dev/mapper/origin 512 1 writeback default 0'
+ dmsetup create my_cache --table '0 41943040 cache /dev/mapper/metadata \
+ /dev/mapper/ssd /dev/mapper/origin 1024 1 writeback \
+ mq 4 sequential_threshold 1024 random_threshold 8'
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/delay.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/delay.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a1e673c0e782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/delay.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+========
+dm-delay
+========
+
+Device-Mapper's "delay" target delays reads and/or writes
+and/or flushes and optionally maps them to different devices.
+
+Arguments::
+
+ <device> <offset> <delay> [<write_device> <write_offset> <write_delay>
+ [<flush_device> <flush_offset> <flush_delay>]]
+
+Table line has to either have 3, 6 or 9 arguments:
+
+3: apply offset and delay to read, write and flush operations on device
+
+6: apply offset and delay to device, also apply write_offset and write_delay
+ to write and flush operations on optionally different write_device with
+ optionally different sector offset
+
+9: same as 6 arguments plus define flush_offset and flush_delay explicitly
+ on/with optionally different flush_device/flush_offset.
+
+Offsets are specified in sectors.
+
+Delays are specified in milliseconds.
+
+
+Example scripts
+===============
+
+::
+ #!/bin/sh
+ #
+ # Create mapped device named "delayed" delaying read, write and flush operations for 500ms.
+ #
+ dmsetup create delayed --table "0 `blockdev --getsz $1` delay $1 0 500"
+
+::
+ #!/bin/sh
+ #
+ # Create mapped device delaying write and flush operations for 400ms and
+ # splitting reads to device $1 but writes and flushes to different device $2
+ # to different offsets of 2048 and 4096 sectors respectively.
+ #
+ dmsetup create delayed --table "0 `blockdev --getsz $1` delay $1 2048 0 $2 4096 400"
+
+::
+ #!/bin/sh
+ #
+ # Create mapped device delaying reads for 50ms, writes for 100ms and flushes for 333ms
+ # onto the same backing device at offset 0 sectors.
+ #
+ dmsetup create delayed --table "0 `blockdev --getsz $1` delay $1 0 50 $2 0 100 $1 0 333"
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-clone.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-clone.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b43a34c1430a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-clone.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+========
+dm-clone
+========
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+dm-clone is a device mapper target which produces a one-to-one copy of an
+existing, read-only source device into a writable destination device: It
+presents a virtual block device which makes all data appear immediately, and
+redirects reads and writes accordingly.
+
+The main use case of dm-clone is to clone a potentially remote, high-latency,
+read-only, archival-type block device into a writable, fast, primary-type device
+for fast, low-latency I/O. The cloned device is visible/mountable immediately
+and the copy of the source device to the destination device happens in the
+background, in parallel with user I/O.
+
+For example, one could restore an application backup from a read-only copy,
+accessible through a network storage protocol (NBD, Fibre Channel, iSCSI, AoE,
+etc.), into a local SSD or NVMe device, and start using the device immediately,
+without waiting for the restore to complete.
+
+When the cloning completes, the dm-clone table can be removed altogether and be
+replaced, e.g., by a linear table, mapping directly to the destination device.
+
+The dm-clone target reuses the metadata library used by the thin-provisioning
+target.
+
+Glossary
+========
+
+ Hydration
+ The process of filling a region of the destination device with data from
+ the same region of the source device, i.e., copying the region from the
+ source to the destination device.
+
+Once a region gets hydrated we redirect all I/O regarding it to the destination
+device.
+
+Design
+======
+
+Sub-devices
+-----------
+
+The target is constructed by passing three devices to it (along with other
+parameters detailed later):
+
+1. A source device - the read-only device that gets cloned and source of the
+ hydration.
+
+2. A destination device - the destination of the hydration, which will become a
+ clone of the source device.
+
+3. A small metadata device - it records which regions are already valid in the
+ destination device, i.e., which regions have already been hydrated, or have
+ been written to directly, via user I/O.
+
+The size of the destination device must be at least equal to the size of the
+source device.
+
+Regions
+-------
+
+dm-clone divides the source and destination devices in fixed sized regions.
+Regions are the unit of hydration, i.e., the minimum amount of data copied from
+the source to the destination device.
+
+The region size is configurable when you first create the dm-clone device. The
+recommended region size is the same as the file system block size, which usually
+is 4KB. The region size must be between 8 sectors (4KB) and 2097152 sectors
+(1GB) and a power of two.
+
+Reads and writes from/to hydrated regions are serviced from the destination
+device.
+
+A read to a not yet hydrated region is serviced directly from the source device.
+
+A write to a not yet hydrated region will be delayed until the corresponding
+region has been hydrated and the hydration of the region starts immediately.
+
+Note that a write request with size equal to region size will skip copying of
+the corresponding region from the source device and overwrite the region of the
+destination device directly.
+
+Discards
+--------
+
+dm-clone interprets a discard request to a range that hasn't been hydrated yet
+as a hint to skip hydration of the regions covered by the request, i.e., it
+skips copying the region's data from the source to the destination device, and
+only updates its metadata.
+
+If the destination device supports discards, then by default dm-clone will pass
+down discard requests to it.
+
+Background Hydration
+--------------------
+
+dm-clone copies continuously from the source to the destination device, until
+all of the device has been copied.
+
+Copying data from the source to the destination device uses bandwidth. The user
+can set a throttle to prevent more than a certain amount of copying occurring at
+any one time. Moreover, dm-clone takes into account user I/O traffic going to
+the devices and pauses the background hydration when there is I/O in-flight.
+
+A message `hydration_threshold <#regions>` can be used to set the maximum number
+of regions being copied, the default being 1 region.
+
+dm-clone employs dm-kcopyd for copying portions of the source device to the
+destination device. By default, we issue copy requests of size equal to the
+region size. A message `hydration_batch_size <#regions>` can be used to tune the
+size of these copy requests. Increasing the hydration batch size results in
+dm-clone trying to batch together contiguous regions, so we copy the data in
+batches of this many regions.
+
+When the hydration of the destination device finishes, a dm event will be sent
+to user space.
+
+Updating on-disk metadata
+-------------------------
+
+On-disk metadata is committed every time a FLUSH or FUA bio is written. If no
+such requests are made then commits will occur every second. This means the
+dm-clone device behaves like a physical disk that has a volatile write cache. If
+power is lost you may lose some recent writes. The metadata should always be
+consistent in spite of any crash.
+
+Target Interface
+================
+
+Constructor
+-----------
+
+ ::
+
+ clone <metadata dev> <destination dev> <source dev> <region size>
+ [<#feature args> [<feature arg>]* [<#core args> [<core arg>]*]]
+
+ ================ ==============================================================
+ metadata dev Fast device holding the persistent metadata
+ destination dev The destination device, where the source will be cloned
+ source dev Read only device containing the data that gets cloned
+ region size The size of a region in sectors
+
+ #feature args Number of feature arguments passed
+ feature args no_hydration or no_discard_passdown
+
+ #core args An even number of arguments corresponding to key/value pairs
+ passed to dm-clone
+ core args Key/value pairs passed to dm-clone, e.g. `hydration_threshold
+ 256`
+ ================ ==============================================================
+
+Optional feature arguments are:
+
+ ==================== =========================================================
+ no_hydration Create a dm-clone instance with background hydration
+ disabled
+ no_discard_passdown Disable passing down discards to the destination device
+ ==================== =========================================================
+
+Optional core arguments are:
+
+ ================================ ==============================================
+ hydration_threshold <#regions> Maximum number of regions being copied from
+ the source to the destination device at any
+ one time, during background hydration.
+ hydration_batch_size <#regions> During background hydration, try to batch
+ together contiguous regions, so we copy data
+ from the source to the destination device in
+ batches of this many regions.
+ ================================ ==============================================
+
+Status
+------
+
+ ::
+
+ <metadata block size> <#used metadata blocks>/<#total metadata blocks>
+ <region size> <#hydrated regions>/<#total regions> <#hydrating regions>
+ <#feature args> <feature args>* <#core args> <core args>*
+ <clone metadata mode>
+
+ ======================= =======================================================
+ metadata block size Fixed block size for each metadata block in sectors
+ #used metadata blocks Number of metadata blocks used
+ #total metadata blocks Total number of metadata blocks
+ region size Configurable region size for the device in sectors
+ #hydrated regions Number of regions that have finished hydrating
+ #total regions Total number of regions to hydrate
+ #hydrating regions Number of regions currently hydrating
+ #feature args Number of feature arguments to follow
+ feature args Feature arguments, e.g. `no_hydration`
+ #core args Even number of core arguments to follow
+ core args Key/value pairs for tuning the core, e.g.
+ `hydration_threshold 256`
+ clone metadata mode ro if read-only, rw if read-write
+
+ In serious cases where even a read-only mode is deemed
+ unsafe no further I/O will be permitted and the status
+ will just contain the string 'Fail'. If the metadata
+ mode changes, a dm event will be sent to user space.
+ ======================= =======================================================
+
+Messages
+--------
+
+ `disable_hydration`
+ Disable the background hydration of the destination device.
+
+ `enable_hydration`
+ Enable the background hydration of the destination device.
+
+ `hydration_threshold <#regions>`
+ Set background hydration threshold.
+
+ `hydration_batch_size <#regions>`
+ Set background hydration batch size.
+
+Examples
+========
+
+Clone a device containing a file system
+---------------------------------------
+
+1. Create the dm-clone device.
+
+ ::
+
+ dmsetup create clone --table "0 1048576000 clone $metadata_dev $dest_dev \
+ $source_dev 8 1 no_hydration"
+
+2. Mount the device and trim the file system. dm-clone interprets the discards
+ sent by the file system and it will not hydrate the unused space.
+
+ ::
+
+ mount /dev/mapper/clone /mnt/cloned-fs
+ fstrim /mnt/cloned-fs
+
+3. Enable background hydration of the destination device.
+
+ ::
+
+ dmsetup message clone 0 enable_hydration
+
+4. When the hydration finishes, we can replace the dm-clone table with a linear
+ table.
+
+ ::
+
+ dmsetup suspend clone
+ dmsetup load clone --table "0 1048576000 linear $dest_dev 0"
+ dmsetup resume clone
+
+ The metadata device is no longer needed and can be safely discarded or reused
+ for other purposes.
+
+Known issues
+============
+
+1. We redirect reads, to not-yet-hydrated regions, to the source device. If
+ reading the source device has high latency and the user repeatedly reads from
+ the same regions, this behaviour could degrade performance. We should use
+ these reads as hints to hydrate the relevant regions sooner. Currently, we
+ rely on the page cache to cache these regions, so we hopefully don't end up
+ reading them multiple times from the source device.
+
+2. Release in-core resources, i.e., the bitmaps tracking which regions are
+ hydrated, after the hydration has finished.
+
+3. During background hydration, if we fail to read the source or write to the
+ destination device, we print an error message, but the hydration process
+ continues indefinitely, until it succeeds. We should stop the background
+ hydration after a number of failures and emit a dm event for user space to
+ notice.
+
+Why not...?
+===========
+
+We explored the following alternatives before implementing dm-clone:
+
+1. Use dm-cache with cache size equal to the source device and implement a new
+ cloning policy:
+
+ * The resulting cache device is not a one-to-one mirror of the source device
+ and thus we cannot remove the cache device once cloning completes.
+
+ * dm-cache writes to the source device, which violates our requirement that
+ the source device must be treated as read-only.
+
+ * Caching is semantically different from cloning.
+
+2. Use dm-snapshot with a COW device equal to the source device:
+
+ * dm-snapshot stores its metadata in the COW device, so the resulting device
+ is not a one-to-one mirror of the source device.
+
+ * No background copying mechanism.
+
+ * dm-snapshot needs to commit its metadata whenever a pending exception
+ completes, to ensure snapshot consistency. In the case of cloning, we don't
+ need to be so strict and can rely on committing metadata every time a FLUSH
+ or FUA bio is written, or periodically, like dm-thin and dm-cache do. This
+ improves the performance significantly.
+
+3. Use dm-mirror: The mirror target has a background copying/mirroring
+ mechanism, but it writes to all mirrors, thus violating our requirement that
+ the source device must be treated as read-only.
+
+4. Use dm-thin's external snapshot functionality. This approach is the most
+ promising among all alternatives, as the thinly-provisioned volume is a
+ one-to-one mirror of the source device and handles reads and writes to
+ un-provisioned/not-yet-cloned areas the same way as dm-clone does.
+
+ Still:
+
+ * There is no background copying mechanism, though one could be implemented.
+
+ * Most importantly, we want to support arbitrary block devices as the
+ destination of the cloning process and not restrict ourselves to
+ thinly-provisioned volumes. Thin-provisioning has an inherent metadata
+ overhead, for maintaining the thin volume mappings, which significantly
+ degrades performance.
+
+ Moreover, cloning a device shouldn't force the use of thin-provisioning. On
+ the other hand, if we wish to use thin provisioning, we can just use a thin
+ LV as dm-clone's destination device.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-crypt.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-crypt.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4467f6d4b632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-crypt.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+========
+dm-crypt
+========
+
+Device-Mapper's "crypt" target provides transparent encryption of block devices
+using the kernel crypto API.
+
+For a more detailed description of supported parameters see:
+https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/DMCrypt
+
+Parameters::
+
+ <cipher> <key> <iv_offset> <device path> \
+ <offset> [<#opt_params> <opt_params>]
+
+<cipher>
+ Encryption cipher, encryption mode and Initial Vector (IV) generator.
+
+ The cipher specifications format is::
+
+ cipher[:keycount]-chainmode-ivmode[:ivopts]
+
+ Examples::
+
+ aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
+ aes-xts-plain64
+ serpent-xts-plain64
+
+ Cipher format also supports direct specification with kernel crypt API
+ format (selected by capi: prefix). The IV specification is the same
+ as for the first format type.
+ This format is mainly used for specification of authenticated modes.
+
+ The crypto API cipher specifications format is::
+
+ capi:cipher_api_spec-ivmode[:ivopts]
+
+ Examples::
+
+ capi:cbc(aes)-essiv:sha256
+ capi:xts(aes)-plain64
+
+ Examples of authenticated modes::
+
+ capi:gcm(aes)-random
+ capi:authenc(hmac(sha256),xts(aes))-random
+ capi:rfc7539(chacha20,poly1305)-random
+
+ The /proc/crypto contains a list of currently loaded crypto modes.
+
+<key>
+ Key used for encryption. It is encoded either as a hexadecimal number
+ or it can be passed as <key_string> prefixed with single colon
+ character (':') for keys residing in kernel keyring service.
+ You can only use key sizes that are valid for the selected cipher
+ in combination with the selected iv mode.
+ Note that for some iv modes the key string can contain additional
+ keys (for example IV seed) so the key contains more parts concatenated
+ into a single string.
+
+<key_string>
+ The kernel keyring key is identified by string in following format:
+ <key_size>:<key_type>:<key_description>.
+
+<key_size>
+ The encryption key size in bytes. The kernel key payload size must match
+ the value passed in <key_size>.
+
+<key_type>
+ Either 'logon', 'user', 'encrypted' or 'trusted' kernel key type.
+
+<key_description>
+ The kernel keyring key description crypt target should look for
+ when loading key of <key_type>.
+
+<keycount>
+ Multi-key compatibility mode. You can define <keycount> keys and
+ then sectors are encrypted according to their offsets (sector 0 uses key0;
+ sector 1 uses key1 etc.). <keycount> must be a power of two.
+
+<iv_offset>
+ The IV offset is a sector count that is added to the sector number
+ before creating the IV.
+
+<device path>
+ This is the device that is going to be used as backend and contains the
+ encrypted data. You can specify it as a path like /dev/xxx or a device
+ number <major>:<minor>.
+
+<offset>
+ Starting sector within the device where the encrypted data begins.
+
+<#opt_params>
+ Number of optional parameters. If there are no optional parameters,
+ the optional parameters section can be skipped or #opt_params can be zero.
+ Otherwise #opt_params is the number of following arguments.
+
+ Example of optional parameters section:
+ 3 allow_discards same_cpu_crypt submit_from_crypt_cpus
+
+allow_discards
+ Block discard requests (a.k.a. TRIM) are passed through the crypt device.
+ The default is to ignore discard requests.
+
+ WARNING: Assess the specific security risks carefully before enabling this
+ option. For example, allowing discards on encrypted devices may lead to
+ the leak of information about the ciphertext device (filesystem type,
+ used space etc.) if the discarded blocks can be located easily on the
+ device later.
+
+same_cpu_crypt
+ Perform encryption using the same cpu that IO was submitted on.
+ The default is to use an unbound workqueue so that encryption work
+ is automatically balanced between available CPUs.
+
+high_priority
+ Set dm-crypt workqueues and the writer thread to high priority. This
+ improves throughput and latency of dm-crypt while degrading general
+ responsiveness of the system.
+
+submit_from_crypt_cpus
+ Disable offloading writes to a separate thread after encryption.
+ There are some situations where offloading write bios from the
+ encryption threads to a single thread degrades performance
+ significantly. The default is to offload write bios to the same
+ thread because it benefits CFQ to have writes submitted using the
+ same context.
+
+no_read_workqueue
+ Bypass dm-crypt internal workqueue and process read requests synchronously.
+
+no_write_workqueue
+ Bypass dm-crypt internal workqueue and process write requests synchronously.
+ This option is automatically enabled for host-managed zoned block devices
+ (e.g. host-managed SMR hard-disks).
+
+integrity:<bytes>:<type>
+ The device requires additional <bytes> metadata per-sector stored
+ in per-bio integrity structure. This metadata must by provided
+ by underlying dm-integrity target.
+
+ The <type> can be "none" if metadata is used only for persistent IV.
+
+ For Authenticated Encryption with Additional Data (AEAD)
+ the <type> is "aead". An AEAD mode additionally calculates and verifies
+ integrity for the encrypted device. The additional space is then
+ used for storing authentication tag (and persistent IV if needed).
+
+integrity_key_size:<bytes>
+ Optionally set the integrity key size if it differs from the digest size.
+ It allows the use of wrapped key algorithms where the key size is
+ independent of the cryptographic key size.
+
+sector_size:<bytes>
+ Use <bytes> as the encryption unit instead of 512 bytes sectors.
+ This option can be in range 512 - 4096 bytes and must be power of two.
+ Virtual device will announce this size as a minimal IO and logical sector.
+
+iv_large_sectors
+ IV generators will use sector number counted in <sector_size> units
+ instead of default 512 bytes sectors.
+
+ For example, if <sector_size> is 4096 bytes, plain64 IV for the second
+ sector will be 8 (without flag) and 1 if iv_large_sectors is present.
+ The <iv_offset> must be multiple of <sector_size> (in 512 bytes units)
+ if this flag is specified.
+
+integrity_key_size:<bytes>
+ Use an integrity key of <bytes> size instead of using an integrity key size
+ of the digest size of the used HMAC algorithm.
+
+
+Module parameters::
+ max_read_size
+ Maximum size of read requests. When a request larger than this size
+ is received, dm-crypt will split the request. The splitting improves
+ concurrency (the split requests could be encrypted in parallel by multiple
+ cores), but it also causes overhead. The user should tune this parameters to
+ fit the actual workload.
+
+ max_write_size
+ Maximum size of write requests. When a request larger than this size
+ is received, dm-crypt will split the request. The splitting improves
+ concurrency (the split requests could be encrypted in parallel by multiple
+ cores), but it also causes overhead. The user should tune this parameters to
+ fit the actual workload.
+
+
+Example scripts
+===============
+LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) is now the preferred way to set up disk
+encryption with dm-crypt using the 'cryptsetup' utility, see
+https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup
+
+::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ # Create a crypt device using dmsetup
+ dmsetup create crypt1 --table "0 `blockdev --getsz $1` crypt aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 babebabebabebabebabebabebabebabe 0 $1 0"
+
+::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ # Create a crypt device using dmsetup when encryption key is stored in keyring service
+ dmsetup create crypt2 --table "0 `blockdev --getsize $1` crypt aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 :32:logon:my_prefix:my_key 0 $1 0"
+
+::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ # Create a crypt device using cryptsetup and LUKS header with default cipher
+ cryptsetup luksFormat $1
+ cryptsetup luksOpen $1 crypt1
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-dust.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-dust.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e35ec8cd2f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-dust.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+dm-dust
+=======
+
+This target emulates the behavior of bad sectors at arbitrary
+locations, and the ability to enable the emulation of the failures
+at an arbitrary time.
+
+This target behaves similarly to a linear target. At a given time,
+the user can send a message to the target to start failing read
+requests on specific blocks (to emulate the behavior of a hard disk
+drive with bad sectors).
+
+When the failure behavior is enabled (i.e.: when the output of
+"dmsetup status" displays "fail_read_on_bad_block"), reads of blocks
+in the "bad block list" will fail with EIO ("Input/output error").
+
+Writes of blocks in the "bad block list will result in the following:
+
+1. Remove the block from the "bad block list".
+2. Successfully complete the write.
+
+This emulates the "remapped sector" behavior of a drive with bad
+sectors.
+
+Normally, a drive that is encountering bad sectors will most likely
+encounter more bad sectors, at an unknown time or location.
+With dm-dust, the user can use the "addbadblock" and "removebadblock"
+messages to add arbitrary bad blocks at new locations, and the
+"enable" and "disable" messages to modulate the state of whether the
+configured "bad blocks" will be treated as bad, or bypassed.
+This allows the pre-writing of test data and metadata prior to
+simulating a "failure" event where bad sectors start to appear.
+
+Table parameters
+----------------
+<device_path> <offset> <blksz>
+
+Mandatory parameters:
+ <device_path>:
+ Path to the block device.
+
+ <offset>:
+ Offset to data area from start of device_path
+
+ <blksz>:
+ Block size in bytes
+
+ (minimum 512, maximum 1073741824, must be a power of 2)
+
+Usage instructions
+------------------
+
+First, find the size (in 512-byte sectors) of the device to be used::
+
+ $ sudo blockdev --getsz /dev/vdb1
+ 33552384
+
+Create the dm-dust device:
+(For a device with a block size of 512 bytes)
+
+::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup create dust1 --table '0 33552384 dust /dev/vdb1 0 512'
+
+(For a device with a block size of 4096 bytes)
+
+::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup create dust1 --table '0 33552384 dust /dev/vdb1 0 4096'
+
+Check the status of the read behavior ("bypass" indicates that all I/O
+will be passed through to the underlying device; "verbose" indicates that
+bad block additions, removals, and remaps will be verbosely logged)::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup status dust1
+ 0 33552384 dust 252:17 bypass verbose
+
+ $ sudo dd if=/dev/mapper/dust1 of=/dev/null bs=512 count=128 iflag=direct
+ 128+0 records in
+ 128+0 records out
+
+ $ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/dust1 bs=512 count=128 oflag=direct
+ 128+0 records in
+ 128+0 records out
+
+Adding and removing bad blocks
+------------------------------
+
+At any time (i.e.: whether the device has the "bad block" emulation
+enabled or disabled), bad blocks may be added or removed from the
+device via the "addbadblock" and "removebadblock" messages::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 60
+ kernel: device-mapper: dust: badblock added at block 60
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 67
+ kernel: device-mapper: dust: badblock added at block 67
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 72
+ kernel: device-mapper: dust: badblock added at block 72
+
+These bad blocks will be stored in the "bad block list".
+While the device is in "bypass" mode, reads and writes will succeed::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup status dust1
+ 0 33552384 dust 252:17 bypass
+
+Enabling block read failures
+----------------------------
+
+To enable the "fail read on bad block" behavior, send the "enable" message::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 enable
+ kernel: device-mapper: dust: enabling read failures on bad sectors
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup status dust1
+ 0 33552384 dust 252:17 fail_read_on_bad_block
+
+With the device in "fail read on bad block" mode, attempting to read a
+block will encounter an "Input/output error"::
+
+ $ sudo dd if=/dev/mapper/dust1 of=/dev/null bs=512 count=1 skip=67 iflag=direct
+ dd: error reading '/dev/mapper/dust1': Input/output error
+ 0+0 records in
+ 0+0 records out
+ 0 bytes copied, 0.00040651 s, 0.0 kB/s
+
+...and writing to the bad blocks will remove the blocks from the list,
+therefore emulating the "remap" behavior of hard disk drives::
+
+ $ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/dust1 bs=512 count=128 oflag=direct
+ 128+0 records in
+ 128+0 records out
+
+ kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 60 removed from badblocklist by write
+ kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 67 removed from badblocklist by write
+ kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 72 removed from badblocklist by write
+ kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 87 removed from badblocklist by write
+
+Bad block add/remove error handling
+-----------------------------------
+
+Attempting to add a bad block that already exists in the list will
+result in an "Invalid argument" error, as well as a helpful message::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 88
+ device-mapper: message ioctl on dust1 failed: Invalid argument
+ kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 88 already in badblocklist
+
+Attempting to remove a bad block that doesn't exist in the list will
+result in an "Invalid argument" error, as well as a helpful message::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 removebadblock 87
+ device-mapper: message ioctl on dust1 failed: Invalid argument
+ kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 87 not found in badblocklist
+
+Counting the number of bad blocks in the bad block list
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+To count the number of bad blocks configured in the device, run the
+following message command::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 countbadblocks
+
+A message will print with the number of bad blocks currently
+configured on the device::
+
+ countbadblocks: 895 badblock(s) found
+
+Querying for specific bad blocks
+--------------------------------
+
+To find out if a specific block is in the bad block list, run the
+following message command::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 queryblock 72
+
+The following message will print if the block is in the list::
+
+ dust_query_block: block 72 found in badblocklist
+
+The following message will print if the block is not in the list::
+
+ dust_query_block: block 72 not found in badblocklist
+
+The "queryblock" message command will work in both the "enabled"
+and "disabled" modes, allowing the verification of whether a block
+will be treated as "bad" without having to issue I/O to the device,
+or having to "enable" the bad block emulation.
+
+Clearing the bad block list
+---------------------------
+
+To clear the bad block list (without needing to individually run
+a "removebadblock" message command for every block), run the
+following message command::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 clearbadblocks
+
+After clearing the bad block list, the following message will appear::
+
+ dust_clear_badblocks: badblocks cleared
+
+If there were no bad blocks to clear, the following message will
+appear::
+
+ dust_clear_badblocks: no badblocks found
+
+Listing the bad block list
+--------------------------
+
+To list all bad blocks in the bad block list (using an example device
+with blocks 1 and 2 in the bad block list), run the following message
+command::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 listbadblocks
+ 1
+ 2
+
+If there are no bad blocks in the bad block list, the command will
+execute with no output::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 listbadblocks
+
+Message commands list
+---------------------
+
+Below is a list of the messages that can be sent to a dust device:
+
+Operations on blocks (requires a <blknum> argument)::
+
+ addbadblock <blknum>
+ queryblock <blknum>
+ removebadblock <blknum>
+
+...where <blknum> is a block number within range of the device
+(corresponding to the block size of the device.)
+
+Single argument message commands::
+
+ countbadblocks
+ clearbadblocks
+ listbadblocks
+ disable
+ enable
+ quiet
+
+Device removal
+--------------
+
+When finished, remove the device via the "dmsetup remove" command::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup remove dust1
+
+Quiet mode
+----------
+
+On test runs with many bad blocks, it may be desirable to avoid
+excessive logging (from bad blocks added, removed, or "remapped").
+This can be done by enabling "quiet mode" via the following message::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 quiet
+
+This will suppress log messages from add / remove / removed by write
+operations. Log messages from "countbadblocks" or "queryblock"
+message commands will still print in quiet mode.
+
+The status of quiet mode can be seen by running "dmsetup status"::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup status dust1
+ 0 33552384 dust 252:17 fail_read_on_bad_block quiet
+
+To disable quiet mode, send the "quiet" message again::
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 quiet
+
+ $ sudo dmsetup status dust1
+ 0 33552384 dust 252:17 fail_read_on_bad_block verbose
+
+(The presence of "verbose" indicates normal logging.)
+
+"Why not...?"
+-------------
+
+scsi_debug has a "medium error" mode that can fail reads on one
+specified sector (sector 0x1234, hardcoded in the source code), but
+it uses RAM for the persistent storage, which drastically decreases
+the potential device size.
+
+dm-flakey fails all I/O from all block locations at a specified time
+frequency, and not a given point in time.
+
+When a bad sector occurs on a hard disk drive, reads to that sector
+are failed by the device, usually resulting in an error code of EIO
+("I/O error") or ENODATA ("No data available"). However, a write to
+the sector may succeed, and result in the sector becoming readable
+after the device controller no longer experiences errors reading the
+sector (or after a reallocation of the sector). However, there may
+be bad sectors that occur on the device in the future, in a different,
+unpredictable location.
+
+This target seeks to provide a device that can exhibit the behavior
+of a bad sector at a known sector location, at a known time, based
+on a large storage device (at least tens of gigabytes, not occupying
+system memory).
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ebs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ebs.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c09f66db5621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ebs.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+======
+dm-ebs
+======
+
+
+This target is similar to the linear target except that it emulates
+a smaller logical block size on a device with a larger logical block
+size. Its main purpose is to provide emulation of 512 byte sectors on
+devices that do not provide this emulation (i.e. 4K native disks).
+
+Supported emulated logical block sizes 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096.
+
+Underlying block size can be set to > 4K to test buffering larger units.
+
+
+Table parameters
+----------------
+ <dev path> <offset> <emulated sectors> [<underlying sectors>]
+
+Mandatory parameters:
+
+ <dev path>:
+ Full pathname to the underlying block-device,
+ or a "major:minor" device-number.
+ <offset>:
+ Starting sector within the device;
+ has to be a multiple of <emulated sectors>.
+ <emulated sectors>:
+ Number of sectors defining the logical block size to be emulated;
+ 1, 2, 4, 8 sectors of 512 bytes supported.
+
+Optional parameter:
+
+ <underlying sectors>:
+ Number of sectors defining the logical block size of <dev path>.
+ 2^N supported, e.g. 8 = emulate 8 sectors of 512 bytes = 4KiB.
+ If not provided, the logical block size of <dev path> will be used.
+
+
+Examples:
+
+Emulate 1 sector = 512 bytes logical block size on /dev/sda starting at
+offset 1024 sectors with underlying devices block size automatically set:
+
+ebs /dev/sda 1024 1
+
+Emulate 2 sector = 1KiB logical block size on /dev/sda starting at
+offset 128 sectors, enforce 2KiB underlying device block size.
+This presumes 2KiB logical blocksize on /dev/sda or less to work:
+
+ebs /dev/sda 128 2 4
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-flakey.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-flakey.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f967c5fea219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-flakey.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+=========
+dm-flakey
+=========
+
+This target is the same as the linear target except that it exhibits
+unreliable behaviour periodically. It's been found useful in simulating
+failing devices for testing purposes.
+
+Starting from the time the table is loaded, the device is available for
+<up interval> seconds, then exhibits unreliable behaviour for <down
+interval> seconds, and then this cycle repeats.
+
+Also, consider using this in combination with the dm-delay target too,
+which can delay reads and writes and/or send them to different
+underlying devices.
+
+Table parameters
+----------------
+
+::
+
+ <dev path> <offset> <up interval> <down interval> \
+ [<num_features> [<feature arguments>]]
+
+Mandatory parameters:
+
+ <dev path>:
+ Full pathname to the underlying block-device, or a
+ "major:minor" device-number.
+ <offset>:
+ Starting sector within the device.
+ <up interval>:
+ Number of seconds device is available.
+ <down interval>:
+ Number of seconds device returns errors.
+
+Optional feature parameters:
+
+ If no feature parameters are present, during the periods of
+ unreliability, all I/O returns errors.
+
+ error_reads:
+ All read I/O is failed with an error signalled.
+ Write I/O is handled correctly.
+
+ drop_writes:
+ All write I/O is silently ignored.
+ Read I/O is handled correctly.
+
+ error_writes:
+ All write I/O is failed with an error signalled.
+ Read I/O is handled correctly.
+
+ corrupt_bio_byte <Nth_byte> <direction> <value> <flags>:
+ During <down interval>, replace <Nth_byte> of the data of
+ each matching bio with <value>.
+
+ <Nth_byte>:
+ The offset of the byte to replace.
+ Counting starts at 1, to replace the first byte.
+ <direction>:
+ Either 'r' to corrupt reads or 'w' to corrupt writes.
+ 'w' is incompatible with drop_writes.
+ <value>:
+ The value (from 0-255) to write.
+ <flags>:
+ Perform the replacement only if bio->bi_opf has all the
+ selected flags set.
+
+ random_read_corrupt <probability>
+ During <down interval>, replace random byte in a read bio
+ with a random value. probability is an integer between
+ 0 and 1000000000 meaning 0% to 100% probability of corruption.
+
+ random_write_corrupt <probability>
+ During <down interval>, replace random byte in a write bio
+ with a random value. probability is an integer between
+ 0 and 1000000000 meaning 0% to 100% probability of corruption.
+
+Examples:
+
+Replaces the 32nd byte of READ bios with the value 1::
+
+ corrupt_bio_byte 32 r 1 0
+
+Replaces the 224th byte of REQ_META (=32) bios with the value 0::
+
+ corrupt_bio_byte 224 w 0 32
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ima.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ima.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a4aa50a828e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ima.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+======
+dm-ima
+======
+
+For a given system, various external services/infrastructure tools
+(including the attestation service) interact with it - both during the
+setup and during rest of the system run-time. They share sensitive data
+and/or execute critical workload on that system. The external services
+may want to verify the current run-time state of the relevant kernel
+subsystems before fully trusting the system with business-critical
+data/workload.
+
+Device mapper plays a critical role on a given system by providing
+various important functionalities to the block devices using various
+target types like crypt, verity, integrity etc. Each of these target
+types’ functionalities can be configured with various attributes.
+The attributes chosen to configure these target types can significantly
+impact the security profile of the block device, and in-turn, of the
+system itself. For instance, the type of encryption algorithm and the
+key size determines the strength of encryption for a given block device.
+
+Therefore, verifying the current state of various block devices as well
+as their various target attributes is crucial for external services before
+fully trusting the system with business-critical data/workload.
+
+IMA kernel subsystem provides the necessary functionality for
+device mapper to measure the state and configuration of
+various block devices -
+
+- by device mapper itself, from within the kernel,
+- in a tamper resistant way,
+- and re-measured - triggered on state/configuration change.
+
+Setting the IMA Policy:
+=======================
+For IMA to measure the data on a given system, the IMA policy on the
+system needs to be updated to have following line, and the system needs
+to be restarted for the measurements to take effect.
+
+::
+
+ /etc/ima/ima-policy
+ measure func=CRITICAL_DATA label=device-mapper template=ima-buf
+
+The measurements will be reflected in the IMA logs, which are located at:
+
+::
+
+ /sys/kernel/security/integrity/ima/ascii_runtime_measurements
+ /sys/kernel/security/integrity/ima/binary_runtime_measurements
+
+Then IMA ASCII measurement log has the following format:
+
+::
+
+ <PCR> <TEMPLATE_DATA_DIGEST> <TEMPLATE_NAME> <TEMPLATE_DATA>
+
+ PCR := Platform Configuration Register, in which the values are registered.
+ This is applicable if TPM chip is in use.
+
+ TEMPLATE_DATA_DIGEST := Template data digest of the IMA record.
+ TEMPLATE_NAME := Template name that registered the integrity value (e.g. ima-buf).
+
+ TEMPLATE_DATA := <ALG> ":" <EVENT_DIGEST> <EVENT_NAME> <EVENT_DATA>
+ It contains data for the specific event to be measured,
+ in a given template data format.
+
+ ALG := Algorithm to compute event digest
+ EVENT_DIGEST := Digest of the event data
+ EVENT_NAME := Description of the event (e.g. 'dm_table_load').
+ EVENT_DATA := The event data to be measured.
+
+|
+
+| *NOTE #1:*
+| The DM target data measured by IMA subsystem can alternatively
+ be queried from userspace by setting DM_IMA_MEASUREMENT_FLAG with
+ DM_TABLE_STATUS_CMD.
+
+|
+
+| *NOTE #2:*
+| The Kernel configuration CONFIG_IMA_DISABLE_HTABLE allows measurement of duplicate records.
+| To support recording duplicate IMA events in the IMA log, the Kernel needs to be configured with
+ CONFIG_IMA_DISABLE_HTABLE=y.
+
+Supported Device States:
+========================
+Following device state changes will trigger IMA measurements:
+
+ 1. Table load
+ #. Device resume
+ #. Device remove
+ #. Table clear
+ #. Device rename
+
+1. Table load:
+---------------
+When a new table is loaded in a device's inactive table slot,
+the device information and target specific details from the
+targets in the table are measured.
+
+The IMA measurement log has the following format for 'dm_table_load':
+
+::
+
+ EVENT_NAME := "dm_table_load"
+ EVENT_DATA := <dm_version_str> ";" <device_metadata> ";" <table_load_data>
+
+ dm_version_str := "dm_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ Same as Device Mapper driver version.
+ device_metadata := <device_name> "," <device_uuid> "," <device_major> "," <device_minor> ","
+ <minor_count> "," <num_device_targets> ";"
+
+ device_name := "name=" <dm-device-name>
+ device_uuid := "uuid=" <dm-device-uuid>
+ device_major := "major=" <N>
+ device_minor := "minor=" <N>
+ minor_count := "minor_count=" <N>
+ num_device_targets := "num_targets=" <N>
+ dm-device-name := Name of the device. If it contains special characters like '\', ',', ';',
+ they are prefixed with '\'.
+ dm-device-uuid := UUID of the device. If it contains special characters like '\', ',', ';',
+ they are prefixed with '\'.
+
+ table_load_data := <target_data>
+ Represents the data (as name=value pairs) from various targets in the table,
+ which is being loaded into the DM device's inactive table slot.
+ target_data := <target_data_row> | <target_data><target_data_row>
+
+ target_data_row := <target_index> "," <target_begin> "," <target_len> "," <target_name> ","
+ <target_version> "," <target_attributes> ";"
+ target_index := "target_index=" <N>
+ Represents nth target in the table (from 0 to N-1 targets specified in <num_device_targets>)
+ If all the data for N targets doesn't fit in the given buffer - then the data that fits
+ in the buffer (say from target 0 to x) is measured in a given IMA event.
+ The remaining data from targets x+1 to N-1 is measured in the subsequent IMA events,
+ with the same format as that of 'dm_table_load'
+ i.e. <dm_version_str> ";" <device_metadata> ";" <table_load_data>.
+
+ target_begin := "target_begin=" <N>
+ target_len := "target_len=" <N>
+ target_name := Name of the target. 'linear', 'crypt', 'integrity' etc.
+ The targets that are supported for IMA measurements are documented below in the
+ 'Supported targets' section.
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ target_attributes := Data containing comma separated list of name=value pairs of target specific attributes.
+
+ For instance, if a linear device is created with the following table entries,
+ # dmsetup create linear1
+ 0 2 linear /dev/loop0 512
+ 2 2 linear /dev/loop0 512
+ 4 2 linear /dev/loop0 512
+ 6 2 linear /dev/loop0 512
+
+ Then IMA ASCII measurement log will have the following entry:
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ 10 a8c5ff755561c7a28146389d1514c318592af49a ima-buf sha256:4d73481ecce5eadba8ab084640d85bb9ca899af4d0a122989252a76efadc5b72
+ dm_table_load
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=linear1,uuid=,major=253,minor=0,minor_count=1,num_targets=4;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=2,target_name=linear,target_version=1.4.0,device_name=7:0,start=512;
+ target_index=1,target_begin=2,target_len=2,target_name=linear,target_version=1.4.0,device_name=7:0,start=512;
+ target_index=2,target_begin=4,target_len=2,target_name=linear,target_version=1.4.0,device_name=7:0,start=512;
+ target_index=3,target_begin=6,target_len=2,target_name=linear,target_version=1.4.0,device_name=7:0,start=512;
+
+2. Device resume:
+------------------
+When a suspended device is resumed, the device information and the hash of the
+data from previous load of an active table are measured.
+
+The IMA measurement log has the following format for 'dm_device_resume':
+
+::
+
+ EVENT_NAME := "dm_device_resume"
+ EVENT_DATA := <dm_version_str> ";" <device_metadata> ";" <active_table_hash> ";" <current_device_capacity> ";"
+
+ dm_version_str := As described in the 'Table load' section above.
+ device_metadata := As described in the 'Table load' section above.
+ active_table_hash := "active_table_hash=" <table_hash_alg> ":" <table_hash>
+ Rerpresents the hash of the IMA data being measured for the
+ active table for the device.
+ table_hash_alg := Algorithm used to compute the hash.
+ table_hash := Hash of the (<dm_version_str> ";" <device_metadata> ";" <table_load_data> ";")
+ as described in the 'dm_table_load' above.
+ Note: If the table_load data spans across multiple IMA 'dm_table_load'
+ events for a given device, the hash is computed combining all the event data
+ i.e. (<dm_version_str> ";" <device_metadata> ";" <table_load_data> ";")
+ across all those events.
+ current_device_capacity := "current_device_capacity=" <N>
+
+ For instance, if a linear device is resumed with the following command,
+ #dmsetup resume linear1
+
+ then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry with:
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ 10 56c00cc062ffc24ccd9ac2d67d194af3282b934e ima-buf sha256:e7d12c03b958b4e0e53e7363a06376be88d98a1ac191fdbd3baf5e4b77f329b6
+ dm_device_resume
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=linear1,uuid=,major=253,minor=0,minor_count=1,num_targets=4;
+ active_table_hash=sha256:4d73481ecce5eadba8ab084640d85bb9ca899af4d0a122989252a76efadc5b72;current_device_capacity=8;
+
+3. Device remove:
+------------------
+When a device is removed, the device information and a sha256 hash of the
+data from an active and inactive table are measured.
+
+The IMA measurement log has the following format for 'dm_device_remove':
+
+::
+
+ EVENT_NAME := "dm_device_remove"
+ EVENT_DATA := <dm_version_str> ";" <device_active_metadata> ";" <device_inactive_metadata> ";"
+ <active_table_hash> "," <inactive_table_hash> "," <remove_all> ";" <current_device_capacity> ";"
+
+ dm_version_str := As described in the 'Table load' section above.
+ device_active_metadata := Device metadata that reflects the currently loaded active table.
+ The format is same as 'device_metadata' described in the 'Table load' section above.
+ device_inactive_metadata := Device metadata that reflects the inactive table.
+ The format is same as 'device_metadata' described in the 'Table load' section above.
+ active_table_hash := Hash of the currently loaded active table.
+ The format is same as 'active_table_hash' described in the 'Device resume' section above.
+ inactive_table_hash := Hash of the inactive table.
+ The format is same as 'active_table_hash' described in the 'Device resume' section above.
+ remove_all := "remove_all=" <yes_no>
+ yes_no := "y" | "n"
+ current_device_capacity := "current_device_capacity=" <N>
+
+ For instance, if a linear device is removed with the following command,
+ #dmsetup remove l1
+
+ then IMA ASCII measurement log will have the following entry:
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ 10 790e830a3a7a31590824ac0642b3b31c2d0e8b38 ima-buf sha256:ab9f3c959367a8f5d4403d6ce9c3627dadfa8f9f0e7ec7899299782388de3840
+ dm_device_remove
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ device_active_metadata=name=l1,uuid=,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=2;
+ device_inactive_metadata=name=l1,uuid=,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ active_table_hash=sha256:4a7e62efaebfc86af755831998b7db6f59b60d23c9534fb16a4455907957953a,
+ inactive_table_hash=sha256:9d79c175bc2302d55a183e8f50ad4bafd60f7692fd6249e5fd213e2464384b86,remove_all=n;
+ current_device_capacity=2048;
+
+4. Table clear:
+----------------
+When an inactive table is cleared from the device, the device information and a sha256 hash of the
+data from an inactive table are measured.
+
+The IMA measurement log has the following format for 'dm_table_clear':
+
+::
+
+ EVENT_NAME := "dm_table_clear"
+ EVENT_DATA := <dm_version_str> ";" <device_inactive_metadata> ";" <inactive_table_hash> ";" <current_device_capacity> ";"
+
+ dm_version_str := As described in the 'Table load' section above.
+ device_inactive_metadata := Device metadata that was captured during the load time inactive table being cleared.
+ The format is same as 'device_metadata' described in the 'Table load' section above.
+ inactive_table_hash := Hash of the inactive table being cleared from the device.
+ The format is same as 'active_table_hash' described in the 'Device resume' section above.
+ current_device_capacity := "current_device_capacity=" <N>
+
+ For instance, if a linear device's inactive table is cleared,
+ #dmsetup clear l1
+
+ then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry with:
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ 10 77d347408f557f68f0041acb0072946bb2367fe5 ima-buf sha256:42f9ca22163fdfa548e6229dece2959bc5ce295c681644240035827ada0e1db5
+ dm_table_clear
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=l1,uuid=,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ inactive_table_hash=sha256:75c0dc347063bf474d28a9907037eba060bfe39d8847fc0646d75e149045d545;current_device_capacity=1024;
+
+5. Device rename:
+------------------
+When an device's NAME or UUID is changed, the device information and the new NAME and UUID
+are measured.
+
+The IMA measurement log has the following format for 'dm_device_rename':
+
+::
+
+ EVENT_NAME := "dm_device_rename"
+ EVENT_DATA := <dm_version_str> ";" <device_active_metadata> ";" <new_device_name> "," <new_device_uuid> ";" <current_device_capacity> ";"
+
+ dm_version_str := As described in the 'Table load' section above.
+ device_active_metadata := Device metadata that reflects the currently loaded active table.
+ The format is same as 'device_metadata' described in the 'Table load' section above.
+ new_device_name := "new_name=" <dm-device-name>
+ dm-device-name := Same as <dm-device-name> described in 'Table load' section above
+ new_device_uuid := "new_uuid=" <dm-device-uuid>
+ dm-device-uuid := Same as <dm-device-uuid> described in 'Table load' section above
+ current_device_capacity := "current_device_capacity=" <N>
+
+ E.g 1: if a linear device's name is changed with the following command,
+ #dmsetup rename linear1 --setuuid 1234-5678
+
+ then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry with:
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ 10 8b0423209b4c66ac1523f4c9848c9b51ee332f48 ima-buf sha256:6847b7258134189531db593e9230b257c84f04038b5a18fd2e1473860e0569ac
+ dm_device_rename
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=linear1,uuid=,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;new_name=linear1,new_uuid=1234-5678;
+ current_device_capacity=1024;
+
+ E.g 2: if a linear device's name is changed with the following command,
+ # dmsetup rename linear1 linear=2
+
+ then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry with:
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ 10 bef70476b99c2bdf7136fae033aa8627da1bf76f ima-buf sha256:8c6f9f53b9ef9dc8f92a2f2cca8910e622543d0f0d37d484870cb16b95111402
+ dm_device_rename
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=linear1,uuid=1234-5678,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ new_name=linear\=2,new_uuid=1234-5678;
+ current_device_capacity=1024;
+
+Supported targets:
+==================
+
+Following targets are supported to measure their data using IMA:
+
+ 1. cache
+ #. crypt
+ #. integrity
+ #. linear
+ #. mirror
+ #. multipath
+ #. raid
+ #. snapshot
+ #. striped
+ #. verity
+
+1. cache
+---------
+The 'target_attributes' (described as part of EVENT_DATA in 'Table load'
+section above) has the following data format for 'cache' target.
+
+::
+
+ target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <metadata_mode> "," <cache_metadata_device> ","
+ <cache_device> "," <cache_origin_device> "," <writethrough> "," <writeback> ","
+ <passthrough> "," <no_discard_passdown> ";"
+
+ target_name := "target_name=cache"
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ metadata_mode := "metadata_mode=" <cache_metadata_mode>
+ cache_metadata_mode := "fail" | "ro" | "rw"
+ cache_device := "cache_device=" <cache_device_name_string>
+ cache_origin_device := "cache_origin_device=" <cache_origin_device_string>
+ writethrough := "writethrough=" <yes_no>
+ writeback := "writeback=" <yes_no>
+ passthrough := "passthrough=" <yes_no>
+ no_discard_passdown := "no_discard_passdown=" <yes_no>
+ yes_no := "y" | "n"
+
+ E.g.
+ When a 'cache' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
+ similar to the following, depicting what 'cache' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
+ for 'dm_table_load' event.
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ dm_version=4.45.0;name=cache1,uuid=cache_uuid,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=28672,target_name=cache,target_version=2.2.0,metadata_mode=rw,
+ cache_metadata_device=253:4,cache_device=253:3,cache_origin_device=253:5,writethrough=y,writeback=n,
+ passthrough=n,metadata2=y,no_discard_passdown=n;
+
+
+2. crypt
+---------
+The 'target_attributes' (described as part of EVENT_DATA in 'Table load'
+section above) has the following data format for 'crypt' target.
+
+::
+
+ target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <allow_discards> "," <same_cpu_crypt> ","
+ <submit_from_crypt_cpus> "," <no_read_workqueue> "," <no_write_workqueue> ","
+ <iv_large_sectors> "," <iv_large_sectors> "," [<integrity_tag_size> ","] [<cipher_auth> ","]
+ [<sector_size> ","] [<cipher_string> ","] <key_size> "," <key_parts> ","
+ <key_extra_size> "," <key_mac_size> ";"
+
+ target_name := "target_name=crypt"
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ allow_discards := "allow_discards=" <yes_no>
+ same_cpu_crypt := "same_cpu_crypt=" <yes_no>
+ submit_from_crypt_cpus := "submit_from_crypt_cpus=" <yes_no>
+ no_read_workqueue := "no_read_workqueue=" <yes_no>
+ no_write_workqueue := "no_write_workqueue=" <yes_no>
+ iv_large_sectors := "iv_large_sectors=" <yes_no>
+ integrity_tag_size := "integrity_tag_size=" <N>
+ cipher_auth := "cipher_auth=" <string>
+ sector_size := "sector_size=" <N>
+ cipher_string := "cipher_string="
+ key_size := "key_size=" <N>
+ key_parts := "key_parts=" <N>
+ key_extra_size := "key_extra_size=" <N>
+ key_mac_size := "key_mac_size=" <N>
+ yes_no := "y" | "n"
+
+ E.g.
+ When a 'crypt' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
+ similar to the following, depicting what 'crypt' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
+ for 'dm_table_load' event.
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=crypt1,uuid=crypt_uuid1,major=253,minor=0,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=1953125,target_name=crypt,target_version=1.23.0,
+ allow_discards=y,same_cpu=n,submit_from_crypt_cpus=n,no_read_workqueue=n,no_write_workqueue=n,
+ iv_large_sectors=n,cipher_string=aes-xts-plain64,key_size=32,key_parts=1,key_extra_size=0,key_mac_size=0;
+
+3. integrity
+-------------
+The 'target_attributes' (described as part of EVENT_DATA in 'Table load'
+section above) has the following data format for 'integrity' target.
+
+::
+
+ target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <dev_name> "," <start>
+ <tag_size> "," <mode> "," [<meta_device> ","] [<block_size> ","] <recalculate> ","
+ <allow_discards> "," <fix_padding> "," <fix_hmac> "," <legacy_recalculate> ","
+ <journal_sectors> "," <interleave_sectors> "," <buffer_sectors> ";"
+
+ target_name := "target_name=integrity"
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ dev_name := "dev_name=" <device_name_str>
+ start := "start=" <N>
+ tag_size := "tag_size=" <N>
+ mode := "mode=" <integrity_mode_str>
+ integrity_mode_str := "J" | "B" | "D" | "R"
+ meta_device := "meta_device=" <meta_device_str>
+ block_size := "block_size=" <N>
+ recalculate := "recalculate=" <yes_no>
+ allow_discards := "allow_discards=" <yes_no>
+ fix_padding := "fix_padding=" <yes_no>
+ fix_hmac := "fix_hmac=" <yes_no>
+ legacy_recalculate := "legacy_recalculate=" <yes_no>
+ journal_sectors := "journal_sectors=" <N>
+ interleave_sectors := "interleave_sectors=" <N>
+ buffer_sectors := "buffer_sectors=" <N>
+ yes_no := "y" | "n"
+
+ E.g.
+ When a 'integrity' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
+ similar to the following, depicting what 'integrity' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
+ for 'dm_table_load' event.
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=integrity1,uuid=,major=253,minor=1,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=7856,target_name=integrity,target_version=1.10.0,
+ dev_name=253:0,start=0,tag_size=32,mode=J,recalculate=n,allow_discards=n,fix_padding=n,
+ fix_hmac=n,legacy_recalculate=n,journal_sectors=88,interleave_sectors=32768,buffer_sectors=128;
+
+
+4. linear
+----------
+The 'target_attributes' (described as part of EVENT_DATA in 'Table load'
+section above) has the following data format for 'linear' target.
+
+::
+
+ target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <device_name> <,> <start> ";"
+
+ target_name := "target_name=linear"
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ device_name := "device_name=" <linear_device_name_str>
+ start := "start=" <N>
+
+ E.g.
+ When a 'linear' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
+ similar to the following, depicting what 'linear' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
+ for 'dm_table_load' event.
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=linear1,uuid=linear_uuid1,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=28672,target_name=linear,target_version=1.4.0,
+ device_name=253:1,start=2048;
+
+5. mirror
+----------
+The 'target_attributes' (described as part of EVENT_DATA in 'Table load'
+section above) has the following data format for 'mirror' target.
+
+::
+
+ target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <nr_mirrors> ","
+ <mirror_device_data> "," <handle_errors> "," <keep_log> "," <log_type_status> ";"
+
+ target_name := "target_name=mirror"
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ nr_mirrors := "nr_mirrors=" <NR>
+ mirror_device_data := <mirror_device_row> | <mirror_device_data><mirror_device_row>
+ mirror_device_row is repeated <NR> times - for <NR> described in <nr_mirrors>.
+ mirror_device_row := <mirror_device_name> "," <mirror_device_status>
+ mirror_device_name := "mirror_device_" <X> "=" <mirror_device_name_str>
+ where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NR> -1) - for <NR> described in <nr_mirrors>.
+ mirror_device_status := "mirror_device_" <X> "_status=" <mirror_device_status_char>
+ where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NR> -1) - for <NR> described in <nr_mirrors>.
+ mirror_device_status_char := "A" | "F" | "D" | "S" | "R" | "U"
+ handle_errors := "handle_errors=" <yes_no>
+ keep_log := "keep_log=" <yes_no>
+ log_type_status := "log_type_status=" <log_type_status_str>
+ yes_no := "y" | "n"
+
+ E.g.
+ When a 'mirror' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
+ similar to the following, depicting what 'mirror' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
+ for 'dm_table_load' event.
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=mirror1,uuid=mirror_uuid1,major=253,minor=6,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=2048,target_name=mirror,target_version=1.14.0,nr_mirrors=2,
+ mirror_device_0=253:4,mirror_device_0_status=A,
+ mirror_device_1=253:5,mirror_device_1_status=A,
+ handle_errors=y,keep_log=n,log_type_status=;
+
+6. multipath
+-------------
+The 'target_attributes' (described as part of EVENT_DATA in 'Table load'
+section above) has the following data format for 'multipath' target.
+
+::
+
+ target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <nr_priority_groups>
+ ["," <pg_state> "," <priority_groups> "," <priority_group_paths>] ";"
+
+ target_name := "target_name=multipath"
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ nr_priority_groups := "nr_priority_groups=" <NPG>
+ priority_groups := <priority_groups_row>|<priority_groups_row><priority_groups>
+ priority_groups_row := "pg_state_" <X> "=" <pg_state_str> "," "nr_pgpaths_" <X> "=" <NPGP> ","
+ "path_selector_name_" <X> "=" <string> "," <priority_group_paths>
+ where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NPG> -1) - for <NPG> described in <nr_priority_groups>.
+ pg_state_str := "E" | "A" | "D"
+ <priority_group_paths> := <priority_group_paths_row> | <priority_group_paths_row><priority_group_paths>
+ priority_group_paths_row := "path_name_" <X> "_" <Y> "=" <string> "," "is_active_" <X> "_" <Y> "=" <is_active_str>
+ "fail_count_" <X> "_" <Y> "=" <N> "," "path_selector_status_" <X> "_" <Y> "=" <path_selector_status_str>
+ where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NPG> -1) - for <NPG> described in <nr_priority_groups>,
+ and <Y> ranges from 0 to (<NPGP> -1) - for <NPGP> described in <priority_groups_row>.
+ is_active_str := "A" | "F"
+
+ E.g.
+ When a 'multipath' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
+ similar to the following, depicting what 'multipath' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
+ for 'dm_table_load' event.
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=mp,uuid=,major=253,minor=0,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=2097152,target_name=multipath,target_version=1.14.0,nr_priority_groups=2,
+ pg_state_0=E,nr_pgpaths_0=2,path_selector_name_0=queue-length,
+ path_name_0_0=8:16,is_active_0_0=A,fail_count_0_0=0,path_selector_status_0_0=,
+ path_name_0_1=8:32,is_active_0_1=A,fail_count_0_1=0,path_selector_status_0_1=,
+ pg_state_1=E,nr_pgpaths_1=2,path_selector_name_1=queue-length,
+ path_name_1_0=8:48,is_active_1_0=A,fail_count_1_0=0,path_selector_status_1_0=,
+ path_name_1_1=8:64,is_active_1_1=A,fail_count_1_1=0,path_selector_status_1_1=;
+
+7. raid
+--------
+The 'target_attributes' (described as part of EVENT_DATA in 'Table load'
+section above) has the following data format for 'raid' target.
+
+::
+
+ target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <raid_type> "," <raid_disks> "," <raid_state>
+ <raid_device_status> ["," journal_dev_mode] ";"
+
+ target_name := "target_name=raid"
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ raid_type := "raid_type=" <raid_type_str>
+ raid_disks := "raid_disks=" <NRD>
+ raid_state := "raid_state=" <raid_state_str>
+ raid_state_str := "frozen" | "reshape" |"resync" | "check" | "repair" | "recover" | "idle" |"undef"
+ raid_device_status := <raid_device_status_row> | <raid_device_status_row><raid_device_status>
+ <raid_device_status_row> is repeated <NRD> times - for <NRD> described in <raid_disks>.
+ raid_device_status_row := "raid_device_" <X> "_status=" <raid_device_status_str>
+ where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NRD> -1) - for <NRD> described in <raid_disks>.
+ raid_device_status_str := "A" | "D" | "a" | "-"
+ journal_dev_mode := "journal_dev_mode=" <journal_dev_mode_str>
+ journal_dev_mode_str := "writethrough" | "writeback" | "invalid"
+
+ E.g.
+ When a 'raid' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
+ similar to the following, depicting what 'raid' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
+ for 'dm_table_load' event.
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=raid_LV1,uuid=uuid_raid_LV1,major=253,minor=12,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=2048,target_name=raid,target_version=1.15.1,
+ raid_type=raid10,raid_disks=4,raid_state=idle,
+ raid_device_0_status=A,
+ raid_device_1_status=A,
+ raid_device_2_status=A,
+ raid_device_3_status=A;
+
+
+8. snapshot
+------------
+The 'target_attributes' (described as part of EVENT_DATA in 'Table load'
+section above) has the following data format for 'snapshot' target.
+
+::
+
+ target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <snap_origin_name> ","
+ <snap_cow_name> "," <snap_valid> "," <snap_merge_failed> "," <snapshot_overflowed> ";"
+
+ target_name := "target_name=snapshot"
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ snap_origin_name := "snap_origin_name=" <string>
+ snap_cow_name := "snap_cow_name=" <string>
+ snap_valid := "snap_valid=" <yes_no>
+ snap_merge_failed := "snap_merge_failed=" <yes_no>
+ snapshot_overflowed := "snapshot_overflowed=" <yes_no>
+ yes_no := "y" | "n"
+
+ E.g.
+ When a 'snapshot' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
+ similar to the following, depicting what 'snapshot' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
+ for 'dm_table_load' event.
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=snap1,uuid=snap_uuid1,major=253,minor=13,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=4096,target_name=snapshot,target_version=1.16.0,
+ snap_origin_name=253:11,snap_cow_name=253:12,snap_valid=y,snap_merge_failed=n,snapshot_overflowed=n;
+
+9. striped
+-----------
+The 'target_attributes' (described as part of EVENT_DATA in 'Table load'
+section above) has the following data format for 'striped' target.
+
+::
+
+ target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <stripes> "," <chunk_size> ","
+ <stripe_data> ";"
+
+ target_name := "target_name=striped"
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ stripes := "stripes=" <NS>
+ chunk_size := "chunk_size=" <N>
+ stripe_data := <stripe_data_row>|<stripe_data><stripe_data_row>
+ stripe_data_row := <stripe_device_name> "," <stripe_physical_start> "," <stripe_status>
+ stripe_device_name := "stripe_" <X> "_device_name=" <stripe_device_name_str>
+ where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NS> -1) - for <NS> described in <stripes>.
+ stripe_physical_start := "stripe_" <X> "_physical_start=" <N>
+ where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NS> -1) - for <NS> described in <stripes>.
+ stripe_status := "stripe_" <X> "_status=" <stripe_status_str>
+ where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NS> -1) - for <NS> described in <stripes>.
+ stripe_status_str := "D" | "A"
+
+ E.g.
+ When a 'striped' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
+ similar to the following, depicting what 'striped' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
+ for 'dm_table_load' event.
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=striped1,uuid=striped_uuid1,major=253,minor=5,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=640,target_name=striped,target_version=1.6.0,stripes=2,chunk_size=64,
+ stripe_0_device_name=253:0,stripe_0_physical_start=2048,stripe_0_status=A,
+ stripe_1_device_name=253:3,stripe_1_physical_start=2048,stripe_1_status=A;
+
+10. verity
+----------
+The 'target_attributes' (described as part of EVENT_DATA in 'Table load'
+section above) has the following data format for 'verity' target.
+
+::
+
+ target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <hash_failed> "," <verity_version> ","
+ <data_device_name> "," <hash_device_name> "," <verity_algorithm> "," <root_digest> ","
+ <salt> "," <ignore_zero_blocks> "," <check_at_most_once> ["," <root_hash_sig_key_desc>]
+ ["," <verity_mode>] ";"
+
+ target_name := "target_name=verity"
+ target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
+ hash_failed := "hash_failed=" <hash_failed_str>
+ hash_failed_str := "C" | "V"
+ verity_version := "verity_version=" <verity_version_str>
+ data_device_name := "data_device_name=" <data_device_name_str>
+ hash_device_name := "hash_device_name=" <hash_device_name_str>
+ verity_algorithm := "verity_algorithm=" <verity_algorithm_str>
+ root_digest := "root_digest=" <root_digest_str>
+ salt := "salt=" <salt_str>
+ salt_str := "-" <verity_salt_str>
+ ignore_zero_blocks := "ignore_zero_blocks=" <yes_no>
+ check_at_most_once := "check_at_most_once=" <yes_no>
+ root_hash_sig_key_desc := "root_hash_sig_key_desc="
+ verity_mode := "verity_mode=" <verity_mode_str>
+ verity_mode_str := "ignore_corruption" | "restart_on_corruption" | "panic_on_corruption" | "invalid"
+ yes_no := "y" | "n"
+
+ E.g.
+ When a 'verity' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
+ similar to the following, depicting what 'verity' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
+ for 'dm_table_load' event.
+ (converted from ASCII to text for readability)
+
+ dm_version=4.45.0;
+ name=test-verity,uuid=,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
+ target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=1953120,target_name=verity,target_version=1.8.0,hash_failed=V,
+ verity_version=1,data_device_name=253:1,hash_device_name=253:0,verity_algorithm=sha256,
+ root_digest=29cb87e60ce7b12b443ba6008266f3e41e93e403d7f298f8e3f316b29ff89c5e,
+ salt=e48da609055204e89ae53b655ca2216dd983cf3cb829f34f63a297d106d53e2d,
+ ignore_zero_blocks=n,check_at_most_once=n;
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-init.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-init.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..981d6a907699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-init.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+================================
+Early creation of mapped devices
+================================
+
+It is possible to configure a device-mapper device to act as the root device for
+your system in two ways.
+
+The first is to build an initial ramdisk which boots to a minimal userspace
+which configures the device, then pivot_root(8) in to it.
+
+The second is to create one or more device-mappers using the module parameter
+"dm-mod.create=" through the kernel boot command line argument.
+
+The format is specified as a string of data separated by commas and optionally
+semi-colons, where:
+
+ - a comma is used to separate fields like name, uuid, flags and table
+ (specifies one device)
+ - a semi-colon is used to separate devices.
+
+So the format will look like this::
+
+ dm-mod.create=<name>,<uuid>,<minor>,<flags>,<table>[,<table>+][;<name>,<uuid>,<minor>,<flags>,<table>[,<table>+]+]
+
+Where::
+
+ <name> ::= The device name.
+ <uuid> ::= xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx | ""
+ <minor> ::= The device minor number | ""
+ <flags> ::= "ro" | "rw"
+ <table> ::= <start_sector> <num_sectors> <target_type> <target_args>
+ <target_type> ::= "verity" | "linear" | ... (see list below)
+
+The dm line should be equivalent to the one used by the dmsetup tool with the
+`--concise` argument.
+
+Target types
+============
+
+Not all target types are available as there are serious risks in allowing
+activation of certain DM targets without first using userspace tools to check
+the validity of associated metadata.
+
+======================= =======================================================
+`cache` constrained, userspace should verify cache device
+`crypt` allowed
+`delay` allowed
+`era` constrained, userspace should verify metadata device
+`flakey` constrained, meant for test
+`linear` allowed
+`log-writes` constrained, userspace should verify metadata device
+`mirror` constrained, userspace should verify main/mirror device
+`raid` constrained, userspace should verify metadata device
+`snapshot` constrained, userspace should verify src/dst device
+`snapshot-origin` allowed
+`snapshot-merge` constrained, userspace should verify src/dst device
+`striped` allowed
+`switch` constrained, userspace should verify dev path
+`thin` constrained, requires dm target message from userspace
+`thin-pool` constrained, requires dm target message from userspace
+`verity` allowed
+`writecache` constrained, userspace should verify cache device
+`zero` constrained, not meant for rootfs
+======================= =======================================================
+
+If the target is not listed above, it is constrained by default (not tested).
+
+Examples
+========
+An example of booting to a linear array made up of user-mode linux block
+devices::
+
+ dm-mod.create="lroot,,,rw, 0 4096 linear 98:16 0, 4096 4096 linear 98:32 0" root=/dev/dm-0
+
+This will boot to a rw dm-linear target of 8192 sectors split across two block
+devices identified by their major:minor numbers. After boot, udev will rename
+this target to /dev/mapper/lroot (depending on the rules). No uuid was assigned.
+
+An example of multiple device-mappers, with the dm-mod.create="..." contents
+is shown here split on multiple lines for readability::
+
+ dm-linear,,1,rw,
+ 0 32768 linear 8:1 0,
+ 32768 1024000 linear 8:2 0;
+ dm-verity,,3,ro,
+ 0 1638400 verity 1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 4096 4096 204800 1 sha256
+ ac87db56303c9c1da433d7209b5a6ef3e4779df141200cbd7c157dcb8dd89c42
+ 5ebfe87f7df3235b80a117ebc4078e44f55045487ad4a96581d1adb564615b51
+
+Other examples (per target):
+
+"crypt"::
+
+ dm-crypt,,8,ro,
+ 0 1048576 crypt aes-xts-plain64
+ babebabebabebabebabebabebabebabebabebabebabebabebabebabebabebabe 0
+ /dev/sda 0 1 allow_discards
+
+"delay"::
+
+ dm-delay,,4,ro,0 409600 delay /dev/sda1 0 500
+
+"linear"::
+
+ dm-linear,,,rw,
+ 0 32768 linear /dev/sda1 0,
+ 32768 1024000 linear /dev/sda2 0,
+ 1056768 204800 linear /dev/sda3 0,
+ 1261568 512000 linear /dev/sda4 0
+
+"snapshot-origin"::
+
+ dm-snap-orig,,4,ro,0 409600 snapshot-origin 8:2
+
+"striped"::
+
+ dm-striped,,4,ro,0 1638400 striped 4 4096
+ /dev/sda1 0 /dev/sda2 0 /dev/sda3 0 /dev/sda4 0
+
+"verity"::
+
+ dm-verity,,4,ro,
+ 0 1638400 verity 1 8:1 8:2 4096 4096 204800 1 sha256
+ fb1a5a0f00deb908d8b53cb270858975e76cf64105d412ce764225d53b8f3cfd
+ 51934789604d1b92399c52e7cb149d1b3a1b74bbbcb103b2a0aaacbed5c08584
+
+For setups using device-mapper on top of asynchronously probed block
+devices (MMC, USB, ..), it may be necessary to tell dm-init to
+explicitly wait for them to become available before setting up the
+device-mapper tables. This can be done with the "dm-mod.waitfor="
+module parameter, which takes a list of devices to wait for::
+
+ dm-mod.waitfor=<device1>[,..,<deviceN>]
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-integrity.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-integrity.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c2e18ecc065c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-integrity.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+============
+dm-integrity
+============
+
+The dm-integrity target emulates a block device that has additional
+per-sector tags that can be used for storing integrity information.
+
+A general problem with storing integrity tags with every sector is that
+writing the sector and the integrity tag must be atomic - i.e. in case of
+crash, either both sector and integrity tag or none of them is written.
+
+To guarantee write atomicity, the dm-integrity target uses journal, it
+writes sector data and integrity tags into a journal, commits the journal
+and then copies the data and integrity tags to their respective location.
+
+The dm-integrity target can be used with the dm-crypt target - in this
+situation the dm-crypt target creates the integrity data and passes them
+to the dm-integrity target via bio_integrity_payload attached to the bio.
+In this mode, the dm-crypt and dm-integrity targets provide authenticated
+disk encryption - if the attacker modifies the encrypted device, an I/O
+error is returned instead of random data.
+
+The dm-integrity target can also be used as a standalone target, in this
+mode it calculates and verifies the integrity tag internally. In this
+mode, the dm-integrity target can be used to detect silent data
+corruption on the disk or in the I/O path.
+
+There's an alternate mode of operation where dm-integrity uses a bitmap
+instead of a journal. If a bit in the bitmap is 1, the corresponding
+region's data and integrity tags are not synchronized - if the machine
+crashes, the unsynchronized regions will be recalculated. The bitmap mode
+is faster than the journal mode, because we don't have to write the data
+twice, but it is also less reliable, because if data corruption happens
+when the machine crashes, it may not be detected.
+
+When loading the target for the first time, the kernel driver will format
+the device. But it will only format the device if the superblock contains
+zeroes. If the superblock is neither valid nor zeroed, the dm-integrity
+target can't be loaded.
+
+Accesses to the on-disk metadata area containing checksums (aka tags) are
+buffered using dm-bufio. When an access to any given metadata area
+occurs, each unique metadata area gets its own buffer(s). The buffer size
+is capped at the size of the metadata area, but may be smaller, thereby
+requiring multiple buffers to represent the full metadata area. A smaller
+buffer size will produce a smaller resulting read/write operation to the
+metadata area for small reads/writes. The metadata is still read even in
+a full write to the data covered by a single buffer.
+
+To use the target for the first time:
+
+1. overwrite the superblock with zeroes
+2. load the dm-integrity target with one-sector size, the kernel driver
+ will format the device
+3. unload the dm-integrity target
+4. read the "provided_data_sectors" value from the superblock
+5. load the dm-integrity target with the target size
+ "provided_data_sectors"
+6. if you want to use dm-integrity with dm-crypt, load the dm-crypt target
+ with the size "provided_data_sectors"
+
+
+Target arguments:
+
+1. the underlying block device
+
+2. the number of reserved sector at the beginning of the device - the
+ dm-integrity won't read of write these sectors
+
+3. the size of the integrity tag (if "-" is used, the size is taken from
+ the internal-hash algorithm)
+
+4. mode:
+
+ D - direct writes (without journal)
+ in this mode, journaling is
+ not used and data sectors and integrity tags are written
+ separately. In case of crash, it is possible that the data
+ and integrity tag doesn't match.
+ J - journaled writes
+ data and integrity tags are written to the
+ journal and atomicity is guaranteed. In case of crash,
+ either both data and tag or none of them are written. The
+ journaled mode degrades write throughput twice because the
+ data have to be written twice.
+ B - bitmap mode - data and metadata are written without any
+ synchronization, the driver maintains a bitmap of dirty
+ regions where data and metadata don't match. This mode can
+ only be used with internal hash.
+ R - recovery mode - in this mode, journal is not replayed,
+ checksums are not checked and writes to the device are not
+ allowed. This mode is useful for data recovery if the
+ device cannot be activated in any of the other standard
+ modes.
+ I - inline mode - in this mode, dm-integrity will store integrity
+ data directly in the underlying device sectors.
+ The underlying device must have an integrity profile that
+ allows storing user integrity data and provides enough
+ space for the selected integrity tag.
+
+5. the number of additional arguments
+
+Additional arguments:
+
+journal_sectors:number
+ The size of journal, this argument is used only if formatting the
+ device. If the device is already formatted, the value from the
+ superblock is used.
+
+interleave_sectors:number (default 32768)
+ The number of interleaved sectors. This values is rounded down to
+ a power of two. If the device is already formatted, the value from
+ the superblock is used.
+
+meta_device:device
+ Don't interleave the data and metadata on the device. Use a
+ separate device for metadata.
+
+buffer_sectors:number (default 128)
+ The number of sectors in one metadata buffer. The value is rounded
+ down to a power of two.
+
+journal_watermark:number (default 50)
+ The journal watermark in percents. When the size of the journal
+ exceeds this watermark, the thread that flushes the journal will
+ be started.
+
+commit_time:number (default 10000)
+ Commit time in milliseconds. When this time passes, the journal is
+ written. The journal is also written immediately if the FLUSH
+ request is received.
+
+internal_hash:algorithm(:key) (the key is optional)
+ Use internal hash or crc.
+ When this argument is used, the dm-integrity target won't accept
+ integrity tags from the upper target, but it will automatically
+ generate and verify the integrity tags.
+
+ You can use a crc algorithm (such as crc32), then integrity target
+ will protect the data against accidental corruption.
+ You can also use a hmac algorithm (for example
+ "hmac(sha256):0123456789abcdef"), in this mode it will provide
+ cryptographic authentication of the data without encryption.
+
+ When this argument is not used, the integrity tags are accepted
+ from an upper layer target, such as dm-crypt. The upper layer
+ target should check the validity of the integrity tags.
+
+recalculate
+ Recalculate the integrity tags automatically. It is only valid
+ when using internal hash.
+
+journal_crypt:algorithm(:key) (the key is optional)
+ Encrypt the journal using given algorithm to make sure that the
+ attacker can't read the journal. You can use a block cipher here
+ (such as "cbc(aes)") or a stream cipher (for example "chacha20"
+ or "ctr(aes)").
+
+ The journal contains history of last writes to the block device,
+ an attacker reading the journal could see the last sector numbers
+ that were written. From the sector numbers, the attacker can infer
+ the size of files that were written. To protect against this
+ situation, you can encrypt the journal.
+
+journal_mac:algorithm(:key) (the key is optional)
+ Protect sector numbers in the journal from accidental or malicious
+ modification. To protect against accidental modification, use a
+ crc algorithm, to protect against malicious modification, use a
+ hmac algorithm with a key.
+
+ This option is not needed when using internal-hash because in this
+ mode, the integrity of journal entries is checked when replaying
+ the journal. Thus, modified sector number would be detected at
+ this stage.
+
+block_size:number (default 512)
+ The size of a data block in bytes. The larger the block size the
+ less overhead there is for per-block integrity metadata.
+ Supported values are 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096 bytes.
+
+sectors_per_bit:number
+ In the bitmap mode, this parameter specifies the number of
+ 512-byte sectors that corresponds to one bitmap bit.
+
+bitmap_flush_interval:number
+ The bitmap flush interval in milliseconds. The metadata buffers
+ are synchronized when this interval expires.
+
+allow_discards
+ Allow block discard requests (a.k.a. TRIM) for the integrity device.
+ Discards are only allowed to devices using internal hash.
+
+fix_padding
+ Use a smaller padding of the tag area that is more
+ space-efficient. If this option is not present, large padding is
+ used - that is for compatibility with older kernels.
+
+fix_hmac
+ Improve security of internal_hash and journal_mac:
+
+ - the section number is mixed to the mac, so that an attacker can't
+ copy sectors from one journal section to another journal section
+ - the superblock is protected by journal_mac
+ - a 16-byte salt stored in the superblock is mixed to the mac, so
+ that the attacker can't detect that two disks have the same hmac
+ key and also to disallow the attacker to move sectors from one
+ disk to another
+
+legacy_recalculate
+ Allow recalculating of volumes with HMAC keys. This is disabled by
+ default for security reasons - an attacker could modify the volume,
+ set recalc_sector to zero, and the kernel would not detect the
+ modification.
+
+The journal mode (D/J), buffer_sectors, journal_watermark, commit_time and
+allow_discards can be changed when reloading the target (load an inactive
+table and swap the tables with suspend and resume). The other arguments
+should not be changed when reloading the target because the layout of disk
+data depend on them and the reloaded target would be non-functional.
+
+For example, on a device using the default interleave_sectors of 32768, a
+block_size of 512, and an internal_hash of crc32c with a tag size of 4
+bytes, it will take 128 KiB of tags to track a full data area, requiring
+256 sectors of metadata per data area. With the default buffer_sectors of
+128, that means there will be 2 buffers per metadata area, or 2 buffers
+per 16 MiB of data.
+
+Status line:
+
+1. the number of integrity mismatches
+2. provided data sectors - that is the number of sectors that the user
+ could use
+3. the current recalculating position (or '-' if we didn't recalculate)
+
+
+The layout of the formatted block device:
+
+* reserved sectors
+ (they are not used by this target, they can be used for
+ storing LUKS metadata or for other purpose), the size of the reserved
+ area is specified in the target arguments
+
+* superblock (4kiB)
+ * magic string - identifies that the device was formatted
+ * version
+ * log2(interleave sectors)
+ * integrity tag size
+ * the number of journal sections
+ * provided data sectors - the number of sectors that this target
+ provides (i.e. the size of the device minus the size of all
+ metadata and padding). The user of this target should not send
+ bios that access data beyond the "provided data sectors" limit.
+ * flags
+ SB_FLAG_HAVE_JOURNAL_MAC
+ - a flag is set if journal_mac is used
+ SB_FLAG_RECALCULATING
+ - recalculating is in progress
+ SB_FLAG_DIRTY_BITMAP
+ - journal area contains the bitmap of dirty
+ blocks
+ * log2(sectors per block)
+ * a position where recalculating finished
+* journal
+ The journal is divided into sections, each section contains:
+
+ * metadata area (4kiB), it contains journal entries
+
+ - every journal entry contains:
+
+ * logical sector (specifies where the data and tag should
+ be written)
+ * last 8 bytes of data
+ * integrity tag (the size is specified in the superblock)
+
+ - every metadata sector ends with
+
+ * mac (8-bytes), all the macs in 8 metadata sectors form a
+ 64-byte value. It is used to store hmac of sector
+ numbers in the journal section, to protect against a
+ possibility that the attacker tampers with sector
+ numbers in the journal.
+ * commit id
+
+ * data area (the size is variable; it depends on how many journal
+ entries fit into the metadata area)
+
+ - every sector in the data area contains:
+
+ * data (504 bytes of data, the last 8 bytes are stored in
+ the journal entry)
+ * commit id
+
+ To test if the whole journal section was written correctly, every
+ 512-byte sector of the journal ends with 8-byte commit id. If the
+ commit id matches on all sectors in a journal section, then it is
+ assumed that the section was written correctly. If the commit id
+ doesn't match, the section was written partially and it should not
+ be replayed.
+
+* one or more runs of interleaved tags and data.
+ Each run contains:
+
+ * tag area - it contains integrity tags. There is one tag for each
+ sector in the data area. The size of this area is always 4KiB or
+ greater.
+ * data area - it contains data sectors. The number of data sectors
+ in one run must be a power of two. log2 of this value is stored
+ in the superblock.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-io.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-io.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d2492917a1f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-io.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+=====
+dm-io
+=====
+
+Dm-io provides synchronous and asynchronous I/O services. There are three
+types of I/O services available, and each type has a sync and an async
+version.
+
+The user must set up an io_region structure to describe the desired location
+of the I/O. Each io_region indicates a block-device along with the starting
+sector and size of the region::
+
+ struct io_region {
+ struct block_device *bdev;
+ sector_t sector;
+ sector_t count;
+ };
+
+Dm-io can read from one io_region or write to one or more io_regions. Writes
+to multiple regions are specified by an array of io_region structures.
+
+The first I/O service type takes a list of memory pages as the data buffer for
+the I/O, along with an offset into the first page::
+
+ struct page_list {
+ struct page_list *next;
+ struct page *page;
+ };
+
+ int dm_io_sync(unsigned int num_regions, struct io_region *where, int rw,
+ struct page_list *pl, unsigned int offset,
+ unsigned long *error_bits);
+ int dm_io_async(unsigned int num_regions, struct io_region *where, int rw,
+ struct page_list *pl, unsigned int offset,
+ io_notify_fn fn, void *context);
+
+The second I/O service type takes an array of bio vectors as the data buffer
+for the I/O. This service can be handy if the caller has a pre-assembled bio,
+but wants to direct different portions of the bio to different devices::
+
+ int dm_io_sync_bvec(unsigned int num_regions, struct io_region *where,
+ int rw, struct bio_vec *bvec,
+ unsigned long *error_bits);
+ int dm_io_async_bvec(unsigned int num_regions, struct io_region *where,
+ int rw, struct bio_vec *bvec,
+ io_notify_fn fn, void *context);
+
+The third I/O service type takes a pointer to a vmalloc'd memory buffer as the
+data buffer for the I/O. This service can be handy if the caller needs to do
+I/O to a large region but doesn't want to allocate a large number of individual
+memory pages::
+
+ int dm_io_sync_vm(unsigned int num_regions, struct io_region *where, int rw,
+ void *data, unsigned long *error_bits);
+ int dm_io_async_vm(unsigned int num_regions, struct io_region *where, int rw,
+ void *data, io_notify_fn fn, void *context);
+
+Callers of the asynchronous I/O services must include the name of a completion
+callback routine and a pointer to some context data for the I/O::
+
+ typedef void (*io_notify_fn)(unsigned long error, void *context);
+
+The "error" parameter in this callback, as well as the `*error` parameter in
+all of the synchronous versions, is a bitset (instead of a simple error value).
+In the case of an write-I/O to multiple regions, this bitset allows dm-io to
+indicate success or failure on each individual region.
+
+Before using any of the dm-io services, the user should call dm_io_get()
+and specify the number of pages they expect to perform I/O on concurrently.
+Dm-io will attempt to resize its mempool to make sure enough pages are
+always available in order to avoid unnecessary waiting while performing I/O.
+
+When the user is finished using the dm-io services, they should call
+dm_io_put() and specify the same number of pages that were given on the
+dm_io_get() call.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-log.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-log.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ba4fce39bc27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-log.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+=====================
+Device-Mapper Logging
+=====================
+The device-mapper logging code is used by some of the device-mapper
+RAID targets to track regions of the disk that are not consistent.
+A region (or portion of the address space) of the disk may be
+inconsistent because a RAID stripe is currently being operated on or
+a machine died while the region was being altered. In the case of
+mirrors, a region would be considered dirty/inconsistent while you
+are writing to it because the writes need to be replicated for all
+the legs of the mirror and may not reach the legs at the same time.
+Once all writes are complete, the region is considered clean again.
+
+There is a generic logging interface that the device-mapper RAID
+implementations use to perform logging operations (see
+dm_dirty_log_type in include/linux/dm-dirty-log.h). Various different
+logging implementations are available and provide different
+capabilities. The list includes:
+
+============== ==============================================================
+Type Files
+============== ==============================================================
+disk drivers/md/dm-log.c
+core drivers/md/dm-log.c
+userspace drivers/md/dm-log-userspace* include/linux/dm-log-userspace.h
+============== ==============================================================
+
+The "disk" log type
+-------------------
+This log implementation commits the log state to disk. This way, the
+logging state survives reboots/crashes.
+
+The "core" log type
+-------------------
+This log implementation keeps the log state in memory. The log state
+will not survive a reboot or crash, but there may be a small boost in
+performance. This method can also be used if no storage device is
+available for storing log state.
+
+The "userspace" log type
+------------------------
+This log type simply provides a way to export the log API to userspace,
+so log implementations can be done there. This is done by forwarding most
+logging requests to userspace, where a daemon receives and processes the
+request.
+
+The structure used for communication between kernel and userspace are
+located in include/linux/dm-log-userspace.h. Due to the frequency,
+diversity, and 2-way communication nature of the exchanges between
+kernel and userspace, 'connector' is used as the interface for
+communication.
+
+There are currently two userspace log implementations that leverage this
+framework - "clustered-disk" and "clustered-core". These implementations
+provide a cluster-coherent log for shared-storage. Device-mapper mirroring
+can be used in a shared-storage environment when the cluster log implementations
+are employed.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-pcache.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-pcache.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..09d327ef4b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-pcache.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================================
+dm-pcache — Persistent Cache
+=================================
+
+*Author: Dongsheng Yang <dongsheng.yang@linux.dev>*
+
+This document describes *dm-pcache*, a Device-Mapper target that lets a
+byte-addressable *DAX* (persistent-memory, “pmemâ€) region act as a
+high-performance, crash-persistent cache in front of a slower block
+device. The code lives in `drivers/md/dm-pcache/`.
+
+Quick feature summary
+=====================
+
+* *Write-back* caching (only mode currently supported).
+* *16 MiB segments* allocated on the pmem device.
+* *Data CRC32* verification (optional, per cache).
+* Crash-safe: every metadata structure is duplicated (`PCACHE_META_INDEX_MAX
+ == 2`) and protected with CRC+sequence numbers.
+* *Multi-tree indexing* (indexing trees sharded by logical address) for high PMem parallelism
+* Pure *DAX path* I/O – no extra BIO round-trips
+* *Log-structured write-back* that preserves backend crash-consistency
+
+
+Constructor
+===========
+
+::
+
+ pcache <cache_dev> <backing_dev> [<number_of_optional_arguments> <cache_mode writeback> <data_crc true|false>]
+
+========================= ====================================================
+``cache_dev`` Any DAX-capable block device (``/dev/pmem0``…).
+ All metadata *and* cached blocks are stored here.
+
+``backing_dev`` The slow block device to be cached.
+
+``cache_mode`` Optional, Only ``writeback`` is accepted at the
+ moment.
+
+``data_crc`` Optional, default to ``false``
+
+ * ``true`` – store CRC32 for every cached entry
+ and verify on reads
+ * ``false`` – skip CRC (faster)
+========================= ====================================================
+
+Example
+-------
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+ dmsetup create pcache_sdb --table \
+ "0 $(blockdev --getsz /dev/sdb) pcache /dev/pmem0 /dev/sdb 4 cache_mode writeback data_crc true"
+
+The first time a pmem device is used, dm-pcache formats it automatically
+(super-block, cache_info, etc.).
+
+
+Status line
+===========
+
+``dmsetup status <device>`` (``STATUSTYPE_INFO``) prints:
+
+::
+
+ <sb_flags> <seg_total> <cache_segs> <segs_used> \
+ <gc_percent> <cache_flags> \
+ <key_head_seg>:<key_head_off> \
+ <dirty_tail_seg>:<dirty_tail_off> \
+ <key_tail_seg>:<key_tail_off>
+
+Field meanings
+--------------
+
+=============================== =============================================
+``sb_flags`` Super-block flags (e.g. endian marker).
+
+``seg_total`` Number of physical *pmem* segments.
+
+``cache_segs`` Number of segments used for cache.
+
+``segs_used`` Segments currently allocated (bitmap weight).
+
+``gc_percent`` Current GC high-water mark (0-90).
+
+``cache_flags`` Bit 0 – DATA_CRC enabled
+ Bit 1 – INIT_DONE (cache initialised)
+ Bits 2-5 – cache mode (0 == WB).
+
+``key_head`` Where new key-sets are being written.
+
+``dirty_tail`` First dirty key-set that still needs
+ write-back to the backing device.
+
+``key_tail`` First key-set that may be reclaimed by GC.
+=============================== =============================================
+
+
+Messages
+========
+
+*Change GC trigger*
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup message <dev> 0 gc_percent <0-90>
+
+
+Theory of operation
+===================
+
+Sub-devices
+-----------
+
+==================== =========================================================
+backing_dev Any block device (SSD/HDD/loop/LVM, etc.).
+cache_dev DAX device; must expose direct-access memory.
+==================== =========================================================
+
+Segments and key-sets
+---------------------
+
+* The pmem space is divided into *16 MiB segments*.
+* Each write allocates space from a per-CPU *data_head* inside a segment.
+* A *cache-key* records a logical range on the origin and where it lives
+ inside pmem (segment + offset + generation).
+* 128 keys form a *key-set* (kset); ksets are written sequentially in pmem
+ and are themselves crash-safe (CRC).
+* The pair *(key_tail, dirty_tail)* delimit clean/dirty and live/dead ksets.
+
+Write-back
+----------
+
+Dirty keys are queued into a tree; a background worker copies data
+back to the backing_dev and advances *dirty_tail*. A FLUSH/FUA bio from the
+upper layers forces an immediate metadata commit.
+
+Garbage collection
+------------------
+
+GC starts when ``segs_used >= seg_total * gc_percent / 100``. It walks
+from *key_tail*, frees segments whose every key has been invalidated, and
+advances *key_tail*.
+
+CRC verification
+----------------
+
+If ``data_crc is enabled`` dm-pcache computes a CRC32 over every cached data
+range when it is inserted and stores it in the on-media key. Reads
+validate the CRC before copying to the caller.
+
+
+Failure handling
+================
+
+* *pmem media errors* – all metadata copies are read with
+ ``copy_mc_to_kernel``; an uncorrectable error logs and aborts initialisation.
+* *Cache full* – if no free segment can be found, writes return ``-EBUSY``;
+ dm-pcache retries internally (request deferral).
+* *System crash* – on attach, the driver replays ksets from *key_tail* to
+ rebuild the in-core trees; every segment’s generation guards against
+ use-after-free keys.
+
+
+Limitations & TODO
+==================
+
+* Only *write-back* mode; other modes planned.
+* Only FIFO cache invalidate; other (LRU, ARC...) planned.
+* Table reload is not supported currently.
+* Discard planned.
+
+
+Example workflow
+================
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+ # 1. Create devices
+ dmsetup create pcache_sdb --table \
+ "0 $(blockdev --getsz /dev/sdb) pcache /dev/pmem0 /dev/sdb 4 cache_mode writeback data_crc true"
+
+ # 2. Put a filesystem on top
+ mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/pcache_sdb
+ mount /dev/mapper/pcache_sdb /mnt
+
+ # 3. Tune GC threshold to 80 %
+ dmsetup message pcache_sdb 0 gc_percent 80
+
+ # 4. Observe status
+ watch -n1 'dmsetup status pcache_sdb'
+
+ # 5. Shutdown
+ umount /mnt
+ dmsetup remove pcache_sdb
+
+
+``dm-pcache`` is under active development; feedback, bug reports and patches
+are very welcome!
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-queue-length.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-queue-length.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d8e381c1cb02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-queue-length.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+===============
+dm-queue-length
+===============
+
+dm-queue-length is a path selector module for device-mapper targets,
+which selects a path with the least number of in-flight I/Os.
+The path selector name is 'queue-length'.
+
+Table parameters for each path: [<repeat_count>]
+
+::
+
+ <repeat_count>: The number of I/Os to dispatch using the selected
+ path before switching to the next path.
+ If not given, internal default is used. To check
+ the default value, see the activated table.
+
+Status for each path: <status> <fail-count> <in-flight>
+
+::
+
+ <status>: 'A' if the path is active, 'F' if the path is failed.
+ <fail-count>: The number of path failures.
+ <in-flight>: The number of in-flight I/Os on the path.
+
+
+Algorithm
+=========
+
+dm-queue-length increments/decrements 'in-flight' when an I/O is
+dispatched/completed respectively.
+dm-queue-length selects a path with the minimum 'in-flight'.
+
+
+Examples
+========
+In case that 2 paths (sda and sdb) are used with repeat_count == 128.
+
+::
+
+ # echo "0 10 multipath 0 0 1 1 queue-length 0 2 1 8:0 128 8:16 128" \
+ dmsetup create test
+ #
+ # dmsetup table
+ test: 0 10 multipath 0 0 1 1 queue-length 0 2 1 8:0 128 8:16 128
+ #
+ # dmsetup status
+ test: 0 10 multipath 2 0 0 0 1 1 E 0 2 1 8:0 A 0 0 8:16 A 0 0
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-raid.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-raid.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bb17e26e3c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-raid.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+=======
+dm-raid
+=======
+
+The device-mapper RAID (dm-raid) target provides a bridge from DM to MD.
+It allows the MD RAID drivers to be accessed using a device-mapper
+interface.
+
+
+Mapping Table Interface
+-----------------------
+The target is named "raid" and it accepts the following parameters::
+
+ <raid_type> <#raid_params> <raid_params> \
+ <#raid_devs> <metadata_dev0> <dev0> [.. <metadata_devN> <devN>]
+
+<raid_type>:
+
+ ============= ===============================================================
+ raid0 RAID0 striping (no resilience)
+ raid1 RAID1 mirroring
+ raid4 RAID4 with dedicated last parity disk
+ raid5_n RAID5 with dedicated last parity disk supporting takeover
+ Same as raid4
+
+ - Transitory layout
+ raid5_la RAID5 left asymmetric
+
+ - rotating parity 0 with data continuation
+ raid5_ra RAID5 right asymmetric
+
+ - rotating parity N with data continuation
+ raid5_ls RAID5 left symmetric
+
+ - rotating parity 0 with data restart
+ raid5_rs RAID5 right symmetric
+
+ - rotating parity N with data restart
+ raid6_zr RAID6 zero restart
+
+ - rotating parity zero (left-to-right) with data restart
+ raid6_nr RAID6 N restart
+
+ - rotating parity N (right-to-left) with data restart
+ raid6_nc RAID6 N continue
+
+ - rotating parity N (right-to-left) with data continuation
+ raid6_n_6 RAID6 with dedicate parity disks
+
+ - parity and Q-syndrome on the last 2 disks;
+ layout for takeover from/to raid4/raid5_n
+ raid6_la_6 Same as "raid_la" plus dedicated last Q-syndrome disk
+
+ - layout for takeover from raid5_la from/to raid6
+ raid6_ra_6 Same as "raid5_ra" dedicated last Q-syndrome disk
+
+ - layout for takeover from raid5_ra from/to raid6
+ raid6_ls_6 Same as "raid5_ls" dedicated last Q-syndrome disk
+
+ - layout for takeover from raid5_ls from/to raid6
+ raid6_rs_6 Same as "raid5_rs" dedicated last Q-syndrome disk
+
+ - layout for takeover from raid5_rs from/to raid6
+ raid10 Various RAID10 inspired algorithms chosen by additional params
+ (see raid10_format and raid10_copies below)
+
+ - RAID10: Striped Mirrors (aka 'Striping on top of mirrors')
+ - RAID1E: Integrated Adjacent Stripe Mirroring
+ - RAID1E: Integrated Offset Stripe Mirroring
+ - and other similar RAID10 variants
+ ============= ===============================================================
+
+ Reference: Chapter 4 of
+ https://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SNIA_DDF_Technical_Position_v2.0.pdf
+
+<#raid_params>: The number of parameters that follow.
+
+<raid_params> consists of
+
+ Mandatory parameters:
+ <chunk_size>:
+ Chunk size in sectors. This parameter is often known as
+ "stripe size". It is the only mandatory parameter and
+ is placed first.
+
+ followed by optional parameters (in any order):
+ [sync|nosync]
+ Force or prevent RAID initialization.
+
+ [rebuild <idx>]
+ Rebuild drive number 'idx' (first drive is 0).
+
+ [daemon_sleep <ms>]
+ Interval between runs of the bitmap daemon that
+ clear bits. A longer interval means less bitmap I/O but
+ resyncing after a failure is likely to take longer.
+
+ [min_recovery_rate <kB/sec/disk>]
+ Throttle RAID initialization
+ [max_recovery_rate <kB/sec/disk>]
+ Throttle RAID initialization
+ [write_mostly <idx>]
+ Mark drive index 'idx' write-mostly.
+ [max_write_behind <sectors>]
+ See '--write-behind=' (man mdadm)
+ [stripe_cache <sectors>]
+ Stripe cache size (RAID 4/5/6 only)
+ [region_size <sectors>]
+ The region_size multiplied by the number of regions is the
+ logical size of the array. The bitmap records the device
+ synchronisation state for each region.
+
+ [raid10_copies <# copies>], [raid10_format <near|far|offset>]
+ These two options are used to alter the default layout of
+ a RAID10 configuration. The number of copies is can be
+ specified, but the default is 2. There are also three
+ variations to how the copies are laid down - the default
+ is "near". Near copies are what most people think of with
+ respect to mirroring. If these options are left unspecified,
+ or 'raid10_copies 2' and/or 'raid10_format near' are given,
+ then the layouts for 2, 3 and 4 devices are:
+
+ ======== ========== ==============
+ 2 drives 3 drives 4 drives
+ ======== ========== ==============
+ A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A1 A1 A2 A2
+ A2 A2 A2 A3 A3 A3 A3 A4 A4
+ A3 A3 A4 A4 A5 A5 A5 A6 A6
+ A4 A4 A5 A6 A6 A7 A7 A8 A8
+ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
+ ======== ========== ==============
+
+ The 2-device layout is equivalent 2-way RAID1. The 4-device
+ layout is what a traditional RAID10 would look like. The
+ 3-device layout is what might be called a 'RAID1E - Integrated
+ Adjacent Stripe Mirroring'.
+
+ If 'raid10_copies 2' and 'raid10_format far', then the layouts
+ for 2, 3 and 4 devices are:
+
+ ======== ============ ===================
+ 2 drives 3 drives 4 drives
+ ======== ============ ===================
+ A1 A2 A1 A2 A3 A1 A2 A3 A4
+ A3 A4 A4 A5 A6 A5 A6 A7 A8
+ A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A9 A10 A11 A12
+ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
+ A2 A1 A3 A1 A2 A2 A1 A4 A3
+ A4 A3 A6 A4 A5 A6 A5 A8 A7
+ A6 A5 A9 A7 A8 A10 A9 A12 A11
+ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
+ ======== ============ ===================
+
+ If 'raid10_copies 2' and 'raid10_format offset', then the
+ layouts for 2, 3 and 4 devices are:
+
+ ======== ========== ================
+ 2 drives 3 drives 4 drives
+ ======== ========== ================
+ A1 A2 A1 A2 A3 A1 A2 A3 A4
+ A2 A1 A3 A1 A2 A2 A1 A4 A3
+ A3 A4 A4 A5 A6 A5 A6 A7 A8
+ A4 A3 A6 A4 A5 A6 A5 A8 A7
+ A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A9 A10 A11 A12
+ A6 A5 A9 A7 A8 A10 A9 A12 A11
+ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
+ ======== ========== ================
+
+ Here we see layouts closely akin to 'RAID1E - Integrated
+ Offset Stripe Mirroring'.
+
+ [delta_disks <N>]
+ The delta_disks option value (-251 < N < +251) triggers
+ device removal (negative value) or device addition (positive
+ value) to any reshape supporting raid levels 4/5/6 and 10.
+ RAID levels 4/5/6 allow for addition of devices (metadata
+ and data device tuple), raid10_near and raid10_offset only
+ allow for device addition. raid10_far does not support any
+ reshaping at all.
+ A minimum of devices have to be kept to enforce resilience,
+ which is 3 devices for raid4/5 and 4 devices for raid6.
+
+ [data_offset <sectors>]
+ This option value defines the offset into each data device
+ where the data starts. This is used to provide out-of-place
+ reshaping space to avoid writing over data while
+ changing the layout of stripes, hence an interruption/crash
+ may happen at any time without the risk of losing data.
+ E.g. when adding devices to an existing raid set during
+ forward reshaping, the out-of-place space will be allocated
+ at the beginning of each raid device. The kernel raid4/5/6/10
+ MD personalities supporting such device addition will read the data from
+ the existing first stripes (those with smaller number of stripes)
+ starting at data_offset to fill up a new stripe with the larger
+ number of stripes, calculate the redundancy blocks (CRC/Q-syndrome)
+ and write that new stripe to offset 0. Same will be applied to all
+ N-1 other new stripes. This out-of-place scheme is used to change
+ the RAID type (i.e. the allocation algorithm) as well, e.g.
+ changing from raid5_ls to raid5_n.
+
+ [journal_dev <dev>]
+ This option adds a journal device to raid4/5/6 raid sets and
+ uses it to close the 'write hole' caused by the non-atomic updates
+ to the component devices which can cause data loss during recovery.
+ The journal device is used as writethrough thus causing writes to
+ be throttled versus non-journaled raid4/5/6 sets.
+ Takeover/reshape is not possible with a raid4/5/6 journal device;
+ it has to be deconfigured before requesting these.
+
+ [journal_mode <mode>]
+ This option sets the caching mode on journaled raid4/5/6 raid sets
+ (see 'journal_dev <dev>' above) to 'writethrough' or 'writeback'.
+ If 'writeback' is selected the journal device has to be resilient
+ and must not suffer from the 'write hole' problem itself (e.g. use
+ raid1 or raid10) to avoid a single point of failure.
+
+<#raid_devs>: The number of devices composing the array.
+ Each device consists of two entries. The first is the device
+ containing the metadata (if any); the second is the one containing the
+ data. A Maximum of 64 metadata/data device entries are supported
+ up to target version 1.8.0.
+ 1.9.0 supports up to 253 which is enforced by the used MD kernel runtime.
+
+ If a drive has failed or is missing at creation time, a '-' can be
+ given for both the metadata and data drives for a given position.
+
+
+Example Tables
+--------------
+
+::
+
+ # RAID4 - 4 data drives, 1 parity (no metadata devices)
+ # No metadata devices specified to hold superblock/bitmap info
+ # Chunk size of 1MiB
+ # (Lines separated for easy reading)
+
+ 0 1960893648 raid \
+ raid4 1 2048 \
+ 5 - 8:17 - 8:33 - 8:49 - 8:65 - 8:81
+
+ # RAID4 - 4 data drives, 1 parity (with metadata devices)
+ # Chunk size of 1MiB, force RAID initialization,
+ # min recovery rate at 20 kiB/sec/disk
+
+ 0 1960893648 raid \
+ raid4 4 2048 sync min_recovery_rate 20 \
+ 5 8:17 8:18 8:33 8:34 8:49 8:50 8:65 8:66 8:81 8:82
+
+
+Status Output
+-------------
+'dmsetup table' displays the table used to construct the mapping.
+The optional parameters are always printed in the order listed
+above with "sync" or "nosync" always output ahead of the other
+arguments, regardless of the order used when originally loading the table.
+Arguments that can be repeated are ordered by value.
+
+
+'dmsetup status' yields information on the state and health of the array.
+The output is as follows (normally a single line, but expanded here for
+clarity)::
+
+ 1: <s> <l> raid \
+ 2: <raid_type> <#devices> <health_chars> \
+ 3: <sync_ratio> <sync_action> <mismatch_cnt>
+
+Line 1 is the standard output produced by device-mapper.
+
+Line 2 & 3 are produced by the raid target and are best explained by example::
+
+ 0 1960893648 raid raid4 5 AAAAA 2/490221568 init 0
+
+Here we can see the RAID type is raid4, there are 5 devices - all of
+which are 'A'live, and the array is 2/490221568 complete with its initial
+recovery. Here is a fuller description of the individual fields:
+
+ =============== =========================================================
+ <raid_type> Same as the <raid_type> used to create the array.
+ <health_chars> One char for each device, indicating:
+
+ - 'A' = alive and in-sync
+ - 'a' = alive but not in-sync
+ - 'D' = dead/failed.
+ <sync_ratio> The ratio indicating how much of the array has undergone
+ the process described by 'sync_action'. If the
+ 'sync_action' is "check" or "repair", then the process
+ of "resync" or "recover" can be considered complete.
+ <sync_action> One of the following possible states:
+
+ idle
+ - No synchronization action is being performed.
+ frozen
+ - The current action has been halted.
+ resync
+ - Array is undergoing its initial synchronization
+ or is resynchronizing after an unclean shutdown
+ (possibly aided by a bitmap).
+ recover
+ - A device in the array is being rebuilt or
+ replaced.
+ check
+ - A user-initiated full check of the array is
+ being performed. All blocks are read and
+ checked for consistency. The number of
+ discrepancies found are recorded in
+ <mismatch_cnt>. No changes are made to the
+ array by this action.
+ repair
+ - The same as "check", but discrepancies are
+ corrected.
+ reshape
+ - The array is undergoing a reshape.
+ <mismatch_cnt> The number of discrepancies found between mirror copies
+ in RAID1/10 or wrong parity values found in RAID4/5/6.
+ This value is valid only after a "check" of the array
+ is performed. A healthy array has a 'mismatch_cnt' of 0.
+ <data_offset> The current data offset to the start of the user data on
+ each component device of a raid set (see the respective
+ raid parameter to support out-of-place reshaping).
+ <journal_char> - 'A' - active write-through journal device.
+ - 'a' - active write-back journal device.
+ - 'D' - dead journal device.
+ - '-' - no journal device.
+ =============== =========================================================
+
+
+Message Interface
+-----------------
+The dm-raid target will accept certain actions through the 'message' interface.
+('man dmsetup' for more information on the message interface.) These actions
+include:
+
+ ========= ================================================
+ "idle" Halt the current sync action.
+ "frozen" Freeze the current sync action.
+ "resync" Initiate/continue a resync.
+ "recover" Initiate/continue a recover process.
+ "check" Initiate a check (i.e. a "scrub") of the array.
+ "repair" Initiate a repair of the array.
+ ========= ================================================
+
+
+Discard Support
+---------------
+The implementation of discard support among hardware vendors varies.
+When a block is discarded, some storage devices will return zeroes when
+the block is read. These devices set the 'discard_zeroes_data'
+attribute. Other devices will return random data. Confusingly, some
+devices that advertise 'discard_zeroes_data' will not reliably return
+zeroes when discarded blocks are read! Since RAID 4/5/6 uses blocks
+from a number of devices to calculate parity blocks and (for performance
+reasons) relies on 'discard_zeroes_data' being reliable, it is important
+that the devices be consistent. Blocks may be discarded in the middle
+of a RAID 4/5/6 stripe and if subsequent read results are not
+consistent, the parity blocks may be calculated differently at any time;
+making the parity blocks useless for redundancy. It is important to
+understand how your hardware behaves with discards if you are going to
+enable discards with RAID 4/5/6.
+
+Since the behavior of storage devices is unreliable in this respect,
+even when reporting 'discard_zeroes_data', by default RAID 4/5/6
+discard support is disabled -- this ensures data integrity at the
+expense of losing some performance.
+
+Storage devices that properly support 'discard_zeroes_data' are
+increasingly whitelisted in the kernel and can thus be trusted.
+
+For trusted devices, the following dm-raid module parameter can be set
+to safely enable discard support for RAID 4/5/6:
+
+ 'devices_handle_discards_safely'
+
+
+Version History
+---------------
+
+::
+
+ 1.0.0 Initial version. Support for RAID 4/5/6
+ 1.1.0 Added support for RAID 1
+ 1.2.0 Handle creation of arrays that contain failed devices.
+ 1.3.0 Added support for RAID 10
+ 1.3.1 Allow device replacement/rebuild for RAID 10
+ 1.3.2 Fix/improve redundancy checking for RAID10
+ 1.4.0 Non-functional change. Removes arg from mapping function.
+ 1.4.1 RAID10 fix redundancy validation checks (commit 55ebbb5).
+ 1.4.2 Add RAID10 "far" and "offset" algorithm support.
+ 1.5.0 Add message interface to allow manipulation of the sync_action.
+ New status (STATUSTYPE_INFO) fields: sync_action and mismatch_cnt.
+ 1.5.1 Add ability to restore transiently failed devices on resume.
+ 1.5.2 'mismatch_cnt' is zero unless [last_]sync_action is "check".
+ 1.6.0 Add discard support (and devices_handle_discard_safely module param).
+ 1.7.0 Add support for MD RAID0 mappings.
+ 1.8.0 Explicitly check for compatible flags in the superblock metadata
+ and reject to start the raid set if any are set by a newer
+ target version, thus avoiding data corruption on a raid set
+ with a reshape in progress.
+ 1.9.0 Add support for RAID level takeover/reshape/region size
+ and set size reduction.
+ 1.9.1 Fix activation of existing RAID 4/10 mapped devices
+ 1.9.2 Don't emit '- -' on the status table line in case the constructor
+ fails reading a superblock. Correctly emit 'maj:min1 maj:min2' and
+ 'D' on the status line. If '- -' is passed into the constructor, emit
+ '- -' on the table line and '-' as the status line health character.
+ 1.10.0 Add support for raid4/5/6 journal device
+ 1.10.1 Fix data corruption on reshape request
+ 1.11.0 Fix table line argument order
+ (wrong raid10_copies/raid10_format sequence)
+ 1.11.1 Add raid4/5/6 journal write-back support via journal_mode option
+ 1.12.1 Fix for MD deadlock between mddev_suspend() and md_write_start() available
+ 1.13.0 Fix dev_health status at end of "recover" (was 'a', now 'A')
+ 1.13.1 Fix deadlock caused by early md_stop_writes(). Also fix size an
+ state races.
+ 1.13.2 Fix raid redundancy validation and avoid keeping raid set frozen
+ 1.14.0 Fix reshape race on small devices. Fix stripe adding reshape
+ deadlock/potential data corruption. Update superblock when
+ specific devices are requested via rebuild. Fix RAID leg
+ rebuild errors.
+ 1.15.0 Fix size extensions not being synchronized in case of new MD bitmap
+ pages allocated; also fix those not occurring after previous reductions
+ 1.15.1 Fix argument count and arguments for rebuild/write_mostly/journal_(dev|mode)
+ on the status line.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-service-time.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-service-time.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..facf277fc13c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-service-time.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+===============
+dm-service-time
+===============
+
+dm-service-time is a path selector module for device-mapper targets,
+which selects a path with the shortest estimated service time for
+the incoming I/O.
+
+The service time for each path is estimated by dividing the total size
+of in-flight I/Os on a path with the performance value of the path.
+The performance value is a relative throughput value among all paths
+in a path-group, and it can be specified as a table argument.
+
+The path selector name is 'service-time'.
+
+Table parameters for each path:
+
+ [<repeat_count> [<relative_throughput>]]
+ <repeat_count>:
+ The number of I/Os to dispatch using the selected
+ path before switching to the next path.
+ If not given, internal default is used. To check
+ the default value, see the activated table.
+ <relative_throughput>:
+ The relative throughput value of the path
+ among all paths in the path-group.
+ The valid range is 0-100.
+ If not given, minimum value '1' is used.
+ If '0' is given, the path isn't selected while
+ other paths having a positive value are available.
+
+Status for each path:
+
+ <status> <fail-count> <in-flight-size> <relative_throughput>
+ <status>:
+ 'A' if the path is active, 'F' if the path is failed.
+ <fail-count>:
+ The number of path failures.
+ <in-flight-size>:
+ The size of in-flight I/Os on the path.
+ <relative_throughput>:
+ The relative throughput value of the path
+ among all paths in the path-group.
+
+
+Algorithm
+=========
+
+dm-service-time adds the I/O size to 'in-flight-size' when the I/O is
+dispatched and subtracts when completed.
+Basically, dm-service-time selects a path having minimum service time
+which is calculated by::
+
+ ('in-flight-size' + 'size-of-incoming-io') / 'relative_throughput'
+
+However, some optimizations below are used to reduce the calculation
+as much as possible.
+
+ 1. If the paths have the same 'relative_throughput', skip
+ the division and just compare the 'in-flight-size'.
+
+ 2. If the paths have the same 'in-flight-size', skip the division
+ and just compare the 'relative_throughput'.
+
+ 3. If some paths have non-zero 'relative_throughput' and others
+ have zero 'relative_throughput', ignore those paths with zero
+ 'relative_throughput'.
+
+If such optimizations can't be applied, calculate service time, and
+compare service time.
+If calculated service time is equal, the path having maximum
+'relative_throughput' may be better. So compare 'relative_throughput'
+then.
+
+
+Examples
+========
+In case that 2 paths (sda and sdb) are used with repeat_count == 128
+and sda has an average throughput 1GB/s and sdb has 4GB/s,
+'relative_throughput' value may be '1' for sda and '4' for sdb::
+
+ # echo "0 10 multipath 0 0 1 1 service-time 0 2 2 8:0 128 1 8:16 128 4" \
+ dmsetup create test
+ #
+ # dmsetup table
+ test: 0 10 multipath 0 0 1 1 service-time 0 2 2 8:0 128 1 8:16 128 4
+ #
+ # dmsetup status
+ test: 0 10 multipath 2 0 0 0 1 1 E 0 2 2 8:0 A 0 0 1 8:16 A 0 0 4
+
+
+Or '2' for sda and '8' for sdb would be also true::
+
+ # echo "0 10 multipath 0 0 1 1 service-time 0 2 2 8:0 128 2 8:16 128 8" \
+ dmsetup create test
+ #
+ # dmsetup table
+ test: 0 10 multipath 0 0 1 1 service-time 0 2 2 8:0 128 2 8:16 128 8
+ #
+ # dmsetup status
+ test: 0 10 multipath 2 0 0 0 1 1 E 0 2 2 8:0 A 0 0 2 8:16 A 0 0 8
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-uevent.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-uevent.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4a8ee8d069c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-uevent.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+====================
+device-mapper uevent
+====================
+
+The device-mapper uevent code adds the capability to device-mapper to create
+and send kobject uevents (uevents). Previously device-mapper events were only
+available through the ioctl interface. The advantage of the uevents interface
+is the event contains environment attributes providing increased context for
+the event avoiding the need to query the state of the device-mapper device after
+the event is received.
+
+There are two functions currently for device-mapper events. The first function
+listed creates the event and the second function sends the event(s)::
+
+ void dm_path_uevent(enum dm_uevent_type event_type, struct dm_target *ti,
+ const char *path, unsigned nr_valid_paths)
+
+ void dm_send_uevents(struct list_head *events, struct kobject *kobj)
+
+
+The variables added to the uevent environment are:
+
+Variable Name: DM_TARGET
+------------------------
+:Uevent Action(s): KOBJ_CHANGE
+:Type: string
+:Description:
+:Value: Name of device-mapper target that generated the event.
+
+Variable Name: DM_ACTION
+------------------------
+:Uevent Action(s): KOBJ_CHANGE
+:Type: string
+:Description:
+:Value: Device-mapper specific action that caused the uevent action.
+ PATH_FAILED - A path has failed;
+ PATH_REINSTATED - A path has been reinstated.
+
+Variable Name: DM_SEQNUM
+------------------------
+:Uevent Action(s): KOBJ_CHANGE
+:Type: unsigned integer
+:Description: A sequence number for this specific device-mapper device.
+:Value: Valid unsigned integer range.
+
+Variable Name: DM_PATH
+----------------------
+:Uevent Action(s): KOBJ_CHANGE
+:Type: string
+:Description: Major and minor number of the path device pertaining to this
+ event.
+:Value: Path name in the form of "Major:Minor"
+
+Variable Name: DM_NR_VALID_PATHS
+--------------------------------
+:Uevent Action(s): KOBJ_CHANGE
+:Type: unsigned integer
+:Description:
+:Value: Valid unsigned integer range.
+
+Variable Name: DM_NAME
+----------------------
+:Uevent Action(s): KOBJ_CHANGE
+:Type: string
+:Description: Name of the device-mapper device.
+:Value: Name
+
+Variable Name: DM_UUID
+----------------------
+:Uevent Action(s): KOBJ_CHANGE
+:Type: string
+:Description: UUID of the device-mapper device.
+:Value: UUID. (Empty string if there isn't one.)
+
+An example of the uevents generated as captured by udevmonitor is shown
+below
+
+1.) Path failure::
+
+ UEVENT[1192521009.711215] change@/block/dm-3
+ ACTION=change
+ DEVPATH=/block/dm-3
+ SUBSYSTEM=block
+ DM_TARGET=multipath
+ DM_ACTION=PATH_FAILED
+ DM_SEQNUM=1
+ DM_PATH=8:32
+ DM_NR_VALID_PATHS=0
+ DM_NAME=mpath2
+ DM_UUID=mpath-35333333000002328
+ MINOR=3
+ MAJOR=253
+ SEQNUM=1130
+
+2.) Path reinstate::
+
+ UEVENT[1192521132.989927] change@/block/dm-3
+ ACTION=change
+ DEVPATH=/block/dm-3
+ SUBSYSTEM=block
+ DM_TARGET=multipath
+ DM_ACTION=PATH_REINSTATED
+ DM_SEQNUM=2
+ DM_PATH=8:32
+ DM_NR_VALID_PATHS=1
+ DM_NAME=mpath2
+ DM_UUID=mpath-35333333000002328
+ MINOR=3
+ MAJOR=253
+ SEQNUM=1131
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-zoned.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-zoned.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..932383fe6e88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-zoned.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+========
+dm-zoned
+========
+
+The dm-zoned device mapper target exposes a zoned block device (ZBC and
+ZAC compliant devices) as a regular block device without any write
+pattern constraints. In effect, it implements a drive-managed zoned
+block device which hides from the user (a file system or an application
+doing raw block device accesses) the sequential write constraints of
+host-managed zoned block devices and can mitigate the potential
+device-side performance degradation due to excessive random writes on
+host-aware zoned block devices.
+
+For a more detailed description of the zoned block device models and
+their constraints see (for SCSI devices):
+
+https://www.t10.org/drafts.htm#ZBC_Family
+
+and (for ATA devices):
+
+http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2015/di537r05-Zoned_Device_ATA_Command_Set_ZAC.pdf
+
+The dm-zoned implementation is simple and minimizes system overhead (CPU
+and memory usage as well as storage capacity loss). For a 10TB
+host-managed disk with 256 MB zones, dm-zoned memory usage per disk
+instance is at most 4.5 MB and as little as 5 zones will be used
+internally for storing metadata and performing reclaim operations.
+
+dm-zoned target devices are formatted and checked using the dmzadm
+utility available at:
+
+https://github.com/hgst/dm-zoned-tools
+
+Algorithm
+=========
+
+dm-zoned implements an on-disk buffering scheme to handle non-sequential
+write accesses to the sequential zones of a zoned block device.
+Conventional zones are used for caching as well as for storing internal
+metadata. It can also use a regular block device together with the zoned
+block device; in that case the regular block device will be split logically
+in zones with the same size as the zoned block device. These zones will be
+placed in front of the zones from the zoned block device and will be handled
+just like conventional zones.
+
+The zones of the device(s) are separated into 2 types:
+
+1) Metadata zones: these are conventional zones used to store metadata.
+Metadata zones are not reported as usable capacity to the user.
+
+2) Data zones: all remaining zones, the vast majority of which will be
+sequential zones used exclusively to store user data. The conventional
+zones of the device may be used also for buffering user random writes.
+Data in these zones may be directly mapped to the conventional zone, but
+later moved to a sequential zone so that the conventional zone can be
+reused for buffering incoming random writes.
+
+dm-zoned exposes a logical device with a sector size of 4096 bytes,
+irrespective of the physical sector size of the backend zoned block
+device being used. This allows reducing the amount of metadata needed to
+manage valid blocks (blocks written).
+
+The on-disk metadata format is as follows:
+
+1) The first block of the first conventional zone found contains the
+super block which describes the on disk amount and position of metadata
+blocks.
+
+2) Following the super block, a set of blocks is used to describe the
+mapping of the logical device blocks. The mapping is done per chunk of
+blocks, with the chunk size equal to the zoned block device size. The
+mapping table is indexed by chunk number and each mapping entry
+indicates the zone number of the device storing the chunk of data. Each
+mapping entry may also indicate if the zone number of a conventional
+zone used to buffer random modification to the data zone.
+
+3) A set of blocks used to store bitmaps indicating the validity of
+blocks in the data zones follows the mapping table. A valid block is
+defined as a block that was written and not discarded. For a buffered
+data chunk, a block is always valid only in the data zone mapping the
+chunk or in the buffer zone of the chunk.
+
+For a logical chunk mapped to a conventional zone, all write operations
+are processed by directly writing to the zone. If the mapping zone is a
+sequential zone, the write operation is processed directly only if the
+write offset within the logical chunk is equal to the write pointer
+offset within of the sequential data zone (i.e. the write operation is
+aligned on the zone write pointer). Otherwise, write operations are
+processed indirectly using a buffer zone. In that case, an unused
+conventional zone is allocated and assigned to the chunk being
+accessed. Writing a block to the buffer zone of a chunk will
+automatically invalidate the same block in the sequential zone mapping
+the chunk. If all blocks of the sequential zone become invalid, the zone
+is freed and the chunk buffer zone becomes the primary zone mapping the
+chunk, resulting in native random write performance similar to a regular
+block device.
+
+Read operations are processed according to the block validity
+information provided by the bitmaps. Valid blocks are read either from
+the sequential zone mapping a chunk, or if the chunk is buffered, from
+the buffer zone assigned. If the accessed chunk has no mapping, or the
+accessed blocks are invalid, the read buffer is zeroed and the read
+operation terminated.
+
+After some time, the limited number of conventional zones available may
+be exhausted (all used to map chunks or buffer sequential zones) and
+unaligned writes to unbuffered chunks become impossible. To avoid this
+situation, a reclaim process regularly scans used conventional zones and
+tries to reclaim the least recently used zones by copying the valid
+blocks of the buffer zone to a free sequential zone. Once the copy
+completes, the chunk mapping is updated to point to the sequential zone
+and the buffer zone freed for reuse.
+
+Metadata Protection
+===================
+
+To protect metadata against corruption in case of sudden power loss or
+system crash, 2 sets of metadata zones are used. One set, the primary
+set, is used as the main metadata region, while the secondary set is
+used as a staging area. Modified metadata is first written to the
+secondary set and validated by updating the super block in the secondary
+set, a generation counter is used to indicate that this set contains the
+newest metadata. Once this operation completes, in place of metadata
+block updates can be done in the primary metadata set. This ensures that
+one of the set is always consistent (all modifications committed or none
+at all). Flush operations are used as a commit point. Upon reception of
+a flush request, metadata modification activity is temporarily blocked
+(for both incoming BIO processing and reclaim process) and all dirty
+metadata blocks are staged and updated. Normal operation is then
+resumed. Flushing metadata thus only temporarily delays write and
+discard requests. Read requests can be processed concurrently while
+metadata flush is being executed.
+
+If a regular device is used in conjunction with the zoned block device,
+a third set of metadata (without the zone bitmaps) is written to the
+start of the zoned block device. This metadata has a generation counter of
+'0' and will never be updated during normal operation; it just serves for
+identification purposes. The first and second copy of the metadata
+are located at the start of the regular block device.
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+A zoned block device must first be formatted using the dmzadm tool. This
+will analyze the device zone configuration, determine where to place the
+metadata sets on the device and initialize the metadata sets.
+
+Ex::
+
+ dmzadm --format /dev/sdxx
+
+
+If two drives are to be used, both devices must be specified, with the
+regular block device as the first device.
+
+Ex::
+
+ dmzadm --format /dev/sdxx /dev/sdyy
+
+
+Formatted device(s) can be started with the dmzadm utility, too.:
+
+Ex::
+
+ dmzadm --start /dev/sdxx /dev/sdyy
+
+
+Information about the internal layout and current usage of the zones can
+be obtained with the 'status' callback from dmsetup:
+
+Ex::
+
+ dmsetup status /dev/dm-X
+
+will return a line
+
+ 0 <size> zoned <nr_zones> zones <nr_unmap_rnd>/<nr_rnd> random <nr_unmap_seq>/<nr_seq> sequential
+
+where <nr_zones> is the total number of zones, <nr_unmap_rnd> is the number
+of unmapped (ie free) random zones, <nr_rnd> the total number of zones,
+<nr_unmap_seq> the number of unmapped sequential zones, and <nr_seq> the
+total number of sequential zones.
+
+Normally the reclaim process will be started once there are less than 50
+percent free random zones. In order to start the reclaim process manually
+even before reaching this threshold the 'dmsetup message' function can be
+used:
+
+Ex::
+
+ dmsetup message /dev/dm-X 0 reclaim
+
+will start the reclaim process and random zones will be moved to sequential
+zones.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/era.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/era.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..90dd5c670b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/era.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+======
+dm-era
+======
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+dm-era is a target that behaves similar to the linear target. In
+addition it keeps track of which blocks were written within a user
+defined period of time called an 'era'. Each era target instance
+maintains the current era as a monotonically increasing 32-bit
+counter.
+
+Use cases include tracking changed blocks for backup software, and
+partially invalidating the contents of a cache to restore cache
+coherency after rolling back a vendor snapshot.
+
+Constructor
+===========
+
+era <metadata dev> <origin dev> <block size>
+
+ ================ ======================================================
+ metadata dev fast device holding the persistent metadata
+ origin dev device holding data blocks that may change
+ block size block size of origin data device, granularity that is
+ tracked by the target
+ ================ ======================================================
+
+Messages
+========
+
+None of the dm messages take any arguments.
+
+checkpoint
+----------
+
+Possibly move to a new era. You shouldn't assume the era has
+incremented. After sending this message, you should check the
+current era via the status line.
+
+take_metadata_snap
+------------------
+
+Create a clone of the metadata, to allow a userland process to read it.
+
+drop_metadata_snap
+------------------
+
+Drop the metadata snapshot.
+
+Status
+======
+
+<metadata block size> <#used metadata blocks>/<#total metadata blocks>
+<current era> <held metadata root | '-'>
+
+========================= ==============================================
+metadata block size Fixed block size for each metadata block in
+ sectors
+#used metadata blocks Number of metadata blocks used
+#total metadata blocks Total number of metadata blocks
+current era The current era
+held metadata root The location, in blocks, of the metadata root
+ that has been 'held' for userspace read
+ access. '-' indicates there is no held root
+========================= ==============================================
+
+Detailed use case
+=================
+
+The scenario of invalidating a cache when rolling back a vendor
+snapshot was the primary use case when developing this target:
+
+Taking a vendor snapshot
+------------------------
+
+- Send a checkpoint message to the era target
+- Make a note of the current era in its status line
+- Take vendor snapshot (the era and snapshot should be forever
+ associated now).
+
+Rolling back to an vendor snapshot
+----------------------------------
+
+- Cache enters passthrough mode (see: dm-cache's docs in cache.txt)
+- Rollback vendor storage
+- Take metadata snapshot
+- Ascertain which blocks have been written since the snapshot was taken
+ by checking each block's era
+- Invalidate those blocks in the caching software
+- Cache returns to writeback/writethrough mode
+
+Memory usage
+============
+
+The target uses a bitset to record writes in the current era. It also
+has a spare bitset ready for switching over to a new era. Other than
+that it uses a few 4k blocks for updating metadata::
+
+ (4 * nr_blocks) bytes + buffers
+
+Resilience
+==========
+
+Metadata is updated on disk before a write to a previously unwritten
+block is performed. As such dm-era should not be effected by a hard
+crash such as power failure.
+
+Userland tools
+==============
+
+Userland tools are found in the increasingly poorly named
+thin-provisioning-tools project:
+
+ https://github.com/jthornber/thin-provisioning-tools
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f1c1f4b824ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+=============
+Device Mapper
+=============
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ cache-policies
+ cache
+ delay
+ dm-clone
+ dm-crypt
+ dm-dust
+ dm-ebs
+ dm-flakey
+ dm-ima
+ dm-init
+ dm-integrity
+ dm-io
+ dm-log
+ dm-pcache
+ dm-queue-length
+ dm-raid
+ dm-service-time
+ dm-uevent
+ dm-zoned
+ era
+ kcopyd
+ linear
+ log-writes
+ persistent-data
+ snapshot
+ statistics
+ striped
+ switch
+ thin-provisioning
+ unstriped
+ vdo-design
+ vdo
+ verity
+ writecache
+ zero
+
+.. only:: subproject and html
+
+ Indices
+ =======
+
+ * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/kcopyd.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/kcopyd.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7651d395127f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/kcopyd.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+======
+kcopyd
+======
+
+Kcopyd provides the ability to copy a range of sectors from one block-device
+to one or more other block-devices, with an asynchronous completion
+notification. It is used by dm-snapshot and dm-mirror.
+
+Users of kcopyd must first create a client and indicate how many memory pages
+to set aside for their copy jobs. This is done with a call to
+kcopyd_client_create()::
+
+ int kcopyd_client_create(unsigned int num_pages,
+ struct kcopyd_client **result);
+
+To start a copy job, the user must set up io_region structures to describe
+the source and destinations of the copy. Each io_region indicates a
+block-device along with the starting sector and size of the region. The source
+of the copy is given as one io_region structure, and the destinations of the
+copy are given as an array of io_region structures::
+
+ struct io_region {
+ struct block_device *bdev;
+ sector_t sector;
+ sector_t count;
+ };
+
+To start the copy, the user calls kcopyd_copy(), passing in the client
+pointer, pointers to the source and destination io_regions, the name of a
+completion callback routine, and a pointer to some context data for the copy::
+
+ int kcopyd_copy(struct kcopyd_client *kc, struct io_region *from,
+ unsigned int num_dests, struct io_region *dests,
+ unsigned int flags, kcopyd_notify_fn fn, void *context);
+
+ typedef void (*kcopyd_notify_fn)(int read_err, unsigned int write_err,
+ void *context);
+
+When the copy completes, kcopyd will call the user's completion routine,
+passing back the user's context pointer. It will also indicate if a read or
+write error occurred during the copy.
+
+When a user is done with all their copy jobs, they should call
+kcopyd_client_destroy() to delete the kcopyd client, which will release the
+associated memory pages::
+
+ void kcopyd_client_destroy(struct kcopyd_client *kc);
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/linear.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/linear.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9d17fc6e64a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/linear.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+=========
+dm-linear
+=========
+
+Device-Mapper's "linear" target maps a linear range of the Device-Mapper
+device onto a linear range of another device. This is the basic building
+block of logical volume managers.
+
+Parameters: <dev path> <offset>
+ <dev path>:
+ Full pathname to the underlying block-device, or a
+ "major:minor" device-number.
+ <offset>:
+ Starting sector within the device.
+
+
+Example scripts
+===============
+
+::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ # Create an identity mapping for a device
+ echo "0 `blockdev --getsz $1` linear $1 0" | dmsetup create identity
+
+::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ # Join 2 devices together
+ size1=`blockdev --getsz $1`
+ size2=`blockdev --getsz $2`
+ echo "0 $size1 linear $1 0
+ $size1 $size2 linear $2 0" | dmsetup create joined
+
+::
+
+ #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+ # Split a device into 4M chunks and then join them together in reverse order.
+
+ my $name = "reverse";
+ my $extent_size = 4 * 1024 * 2;
+ my $dev = $ARGV[0];
+ my $table = "";
+ my $count = 0;
+
+ if (!defined($dev)) {
+ die("Please specify a device.\n");
+ }
+
+ my $dev_size = `blockdev --getsz $dev`;
+ my $extents = int($dev_size / $extent_size) -
+ (($dev_size % $extent_size) ? 1 : 0);
+
+ while ($extents > 0) {
+ my $this_start = $count * $extent_size;
+ $extents--;
+ $count++;
+ my $this_offset = $extents * $extent_size;
+
+ $table .= "$this_start $extent_size linear $dev $this_offset\n";
+ }
+
+ `echo \"$table\" | dmsetup create $name`;
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/log-writes.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/log-writes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..23141f2ffb7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/log-writes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+=============
+dm-log-writes
+=============
+
+This target takes 2 devices, one to pass all IO to normally, and one to log all
+of the write operations to. This is intended for file system developers wishing
+to verify the integrity of metadata or data as the file system is written to.
+There is a log_write_entry written for every WRITE request and the target is
+able to take arbitrary data from userspace to insert into the log. The data
+that is in the WRITE requests is copied into the log to make the replay happen
+exactly as it happened originally.
+
+Log Ordering
+============
+
+We log things in order of completion once we are sure the write is no longer in
+cache. This means that normal WRITE requests are not actually logged until the
+next REQ_PREFLUSH request. This is to make it easier for userspace to replay
+the log in a way that correlates to what is on disk and not what is in cache,
+to make it easier to detect improper waiting/flushing.
+
+This works by attaching all WRITE requests to a list once the write completes.
+Once we see a REQ_PREFLUSH request we splice this list onto the request and once
+the FLUSH request completes we log all of the WRITEs and then the FLUSH. Only
+completed WRITEs, at the time the REQ_PREFLUSH is issued, are added in order to
+simulate the worst case scenario with regard to power failures. Consider the
+following example (W means write, C means complete):
+
+ W1,W2,W3,C3,C2,Wflush,C1,Cflush
+
+The log would show the following:
+
+ W3,W2,flush,W1....
+
+Again this is to simulate what is actually on disk, this allows us to detect
+cases where a power failure at a particular point in time would create an
+inconsistent file system.
+
+Any REQ_FUA requests bypass this flushing mechanism and are logged as soon as
+they complete as those requests will obviously bypass the device cache.
+
+Any REQ_OP_DISCARD requests are treated like WRITE requests. Otherwise we would
+have all the DISCARD requests, and then the WRITE requests and then the FLUSH
+request. Consider the following example:
+
+ WRITE block 1, DISCARD block 1, FLUSH
+
+If we logged DISCARD when it completed, the replay would look like this:
+
+ DISCARD 1, WRITE 1, FLUSH
+
+which isn't quite what happened and wouldn't be caught during the log replay.
+
+Target interface
+================
+
+i) Constructor
+
+ log-writes <dev_path> <log_dev_path>
+
+ ============= ==============================================
+ dev_path Device that all of the IO will go to normally.
+ log_dev_path Device where the log entries are written to.
+ ============= ==============================================
+
+ii) Status
+
+ <#logged entries> <highest allocated sector>
+
+ =========================== ========================
+ #logged entries Number of logged entries
+ highest allocated sector Highest allocated sector
+ =========================== ========================
+
+iii) Messages
+
+ mark <description>
+
+ You can use a dmsetup message to set an arbitrary mark in a log.
+ For example say you want to fsck a file system after every
+ write, but first you need to replay up to the mkfs to make sure
+ we're fsck'ing something reasonable, you would do something like
+ this::
+
+ mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/mapper/log
+ dmsetup message log 0 mark mkfs
+ <run test>
+
+ This would allow you to replay the log up to the mkfs mark and
+ then replay from that point on doing the fsck check in the
+ interval that you want.
+
+ Every log has a mark at the end labeled "dm-log-writes-end".
+
+Userspace component
+===================
+
+There is a userspace tool that will replay the log for you in various ways.
+It can be found here: https://github.com/josefbacik/log-writes
+
+Example usage
+=============
+
+Say you want to test fsync on your file system. You would do something like
+this::
+
+ TABLE="0 $(blockdev --getsz /dev/sdb) log-writes /dev/sdb /dev/sdc"
+ dmsetup create log --table "$TABLE"
+ mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/mapper/log
+ dmsetup message log 0 mark mkfs
+
+ mount /dev/mapper/log /mnt/btrfs-test
+ <some test that does fsync at the end>
+ dmsetup message log 0 mark fsync
+ md5sum /mnt/btrfs-test/foo
+ umount /mnt/btrfs-test
+
+ dmsetup remove log
+ replay-log --log /dev/sdc --replay /dev/sdb --end-mark fsync
+ mount /dev/sdb /mnt/btrfs-test
+ md5sum /mnt/btrfs-test/foo
+ <verify md5sum's are correct>
+
+ Another option is to do a complicated file system operation and verify the file
+ system is consistent during the entire operation. You could do this with:
+
+ TABLE="0 $(blockdev --getsz /dev/sdb) log-writes /dev/sdb /dev/sdc"
+ dmsetup create log --table "$TABLE"
+ mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/mapper/log
+ dmsetup message log 0 mark mkfs
+
+ mount /dev/mapper/log /mnt/btrfs-test
+ <fsstress to dirty the fs>
+ btrfs filesystem balance /mnt/btrfs-test
+ umount /mnt/btrfs-test
+ dmsetup remove log
+
+ replay-log --log /dev/sdc --replay /dev/sdb --end-mark mkfs
+ btrfsck /dev/sdb
+ replay-log --log /dev/sdc --replay /dev/sdb --start-mark mkfs \
+ --fsck "btrfsck /dev/sdb" --check fua
+
+And that will replay the log until it sees a FUA request, run the fsck command
+and if the fsck passes it will replay to the next FUA, until it is completed or
+the fsck command exists abnormally.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/persistent-data.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/persistent-data.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2065c3c5a091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/persistent-data.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+===============
+Persistent data
+===============
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+The more-sophisticated device-mapper targets require complex metadata
+that is managed in kernel. In late 2010 we were seeing that various
+different targets were rolling their own data structures, for example:
+
+- Mikulas Patocka's multisnap implementation
+- Heinz Mauelshagen's thin provisioning target
+- Another btree-based caching target posted to dm-devel
+- Another multi-snapshot target based on a design of Daniel Phillips
+
+Maintaining these data structures takes a lot of work, so if possible
+we'd like to reduce the number.
+
+The persistent-data library is an attempt to provide a re-usable
+framework for people who want to store metadata in device-mapper
+targets. It's currently used by the thin-provisioning target and an
+upcoming hierarchical storage target.
+
+Overview
+========
+
+The main documentation is in the header files which can all be found
+under drivers/md/persistent-data.
+
+The block manager
+-----------------
+
+dm-block-manager.[hc]
+
+This provides access to the data on disk in fixed sized-blocks. There
+is a read/write locking interface to prevent concurrent accesses, and
+keep data that is being used in the cache.
+
+Clients of persistent-data are unlikely to use this directly.
+
+The transaction manager
+-----------------------
+
+dm-transaction-manager.[hc]
+
+This restricts access to blocks and enforces copy-on-write semantics.
+The only way you can get hold of a writable block through the
+transaction manager is by shadowing an existing block (ie. doing
+copy-on-write) or allocating a fresh one. Shadowing is elided within
+the same transaction so performance is reasonable. The commit method
+ensures that all data is flushed before it writes the superblock.
+On power failure your metadata will be as it was when last committed.
+
+The Space Maps
+--------------
+
+dm-space-map.h
+dm-space-map-metadata.[hc]
+dm-space-map-disk.[hc]
+
+On-disk data structures that keep track of reference counts of blocks.
+Also acts as the allocator of new blocks. Currently two
+implementations: a simpler one for managing blocks on a different
+device (eg. thinly-provisioned data blocks); and one for managing
+the metadata space. The latter is complicated by the need to store
+its own data within the space it's managing.
+
+The data structures
+-------------------
+
+dm-btree.[hc]
+dm-btree-remove.c
+dm-btree-spine.c
+dm-btree-internal.h
+
+Currently there is only one data structure, a hierarchical btree.
+There are plans to add more. For example, something with an
+array-like interface would see a lot of use.
+
+The btree is 'hierarchical' in that you can define it to be composed
+of nested btrees, and take multiple keys. For example, the
+thin-provisioning target uses a btree with two levels of nesting.
+The first maps a device id to a mapping tree, and that in turn maps a
+virtual block to a physical block.
+
+Values stored in the btrees can have arbitrary size. Keys are always
+64bits, although nesting allows you to use multiple keys.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/snapshot.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/snapshot.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ccdd8b587a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/snapshot.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+==============================
+Device-mapper snapshot support
+==============================
+
+Device-mapper allows you, without massive data copying:
+
+- To create snapshots of any block device i.e. mountable, saved states of
+ the block device which are also writable without interfering with the
+ original content;
+- To create device "forks", i.e. multiple different versions of the
+ same data stream.
+- To merge a snapshot of a block device back into the snapshot's origin
+ device.
+
+In the first two cases, dm copies only the chunks of data that get
+changed and uses a separate copy-on-write (COW) block device for
+storage.
+
+For snapshot merge the contents of the COW storage are merged back into
+the origin device.
+
+
+There are three dm targets available:
+snapshot, snapshot-origin, and snapshot-merge.
+
+- snapshot-origin <origin>
+
+which will normally have one or more snapshots based on it.
+Reads will be mapped directly to the backing device. For each write, the
+original data will be saved in the <COW device> of each snapshot to keep
+its visible content unchanged, at least until the <COW device> fills up.
+
+
+- snapshot <origin> <COW device> <persistent?> <chunksize>
+ [<# feature args> [<arg>]*]
+
+A snapshot of the <origin> block device is created. Changed chunks of
+<chunksize> sectors will be stored on the <COW device>. Writes will
+only go to the <COW device>. Reads will come from the <COW device> or
+from <origin> for unchanged data. <COW device> will often be
+smaller than the origin and if it fills up the snapshot will become
+useless and be disabled, returning errors. So it is important to monitor
+the amount of free space and expand the <COW device> before it fills up.
+
+<persistent?> is P (Persistent) or N (Not persistent - will not survive
+after reboot). O (Overflow) can be added as a persistent store option
+to allow userspace to advertise its support for seeing "Overflow" in the
+snapshot status. So supported store types are "P", "PO" and "N".
+
+The difference between persistent and transient is with transient
+snapshots less metadata must be saved on disk - they can be kept in
+memory by the kernel.
+
+When loading or unloading the snapshot target, the corresponding
+snapshot-origin or snapshot-merge target must be suspended. A failure to
+suspend the origin target could result in data corruption.
+
+Optional features:
+
+ discard_zeroes_cow - a discard issued to the snapshot device that
+ maps to entire chunks to will zero the corresponding exception(s) in
+ the snapshot's exception store.
+
+ discard_passdown_origin - a discard to the snapshot device is passed
+ down to the snapshot-origin's underlying device. This doesn't cause
+ copy-out to the snapshot exception store because the snapshot-origin
+ target is bypassed.
+
+ The discard_passdown_origin feature depends on the discard_zeroes_cow
+ feature being enabled.
+
+
+- snapshot-merge <origin> <COW device> <persistent> <chunksize>
+ [<# feature args> [<arg>]*]
+
+takes the same table arguments as the snapshot target except it only
+works with persistent snapshots. This target assumes the role of the
+"snapshot-origin" target and must not be loaded if the "snapshot-origin"
+is still present for <origin>.
+
+Creates a merging snapshot that takes control of the changed chunks
+stored in the <COW device> of an existing snapshot, through a handover
+procedure, and merges these chunks back into the <origin>. Once merging
+has started (in the background) the <origin> may be opened and the merge
+will continue while I/O is flowing to it. Changes to the <origin> are
+deferred until the merging snapshot's corresponding chunk(s) have been
+merged. Once merging has started the snapshot device, associated with
+the "snapshot" target, will return -EIO when accessed.
+
+
+How snapshot is used by LVM2
+============================
+When you create the first LVM2 snapshot of a volume, four dm devices are used:
+
+1) a device containing the original mapping table of the source volume;
+2) a device used as the <COW device>;
+3) a "snapshot" device, combining #1 and #2, which is the visible snapshot
+ volume;
+4) the "original" volume (which uses the device number used by the original
+ source volume), whose table is replaced by a "snapshot-origin" mapping
+ from device #1.
+
+A fixed naming scheme is used, so with the following commands::
+
+ lvcreate -L 1G -n base volumeGroup
+ lvcreate -L 100M --snapshot -n snap volumeGroup/base
+
+we'll have this situation (with volumes in above order)::
+
+ # dmsetup table|grep volumeGroup
+
+ volumeGroup-base-real: 0 2097152 linear 8:19 384
+ volumeGroup-snap-cow: 0 204800 linear 8:19 2097536
+ volumeGroup-snap: 0 2097152 snapshot 254:11 254:12 P 16
+ volumeGroup-base: 0 2097152 snapshot-origin 254:11
+
+ # ls -lL /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-*
+ brw------- 1 root root 254, 11 29 ago 18:15 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-base-real
+ brw------- 1 root root 254, 12 29 ago 18:15 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-snap-cow
+ brw------- 1 root root 254, 13 29 ago 18:15 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-snap
+ brw------- 1 root root 254, 10 29 ago 18:14 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-base
+
+
+How snapshot-merge is used by LVM2
+==================================
+A merging snapshot assumes the role of the "snapshot-origin" while
+merging. As such the "snapshot-origin" is replaced with
+"snapshot-merge". The "-real" device is not changed and the "-cow"
+device is renamed to <origin name>-cow to aid LVM2's cleanup of the
+merging snapshot after it completes. The "snapshot" that hands over its
+COW device to the "snapshot-merge" is deactivated (unless using lvchange
+--refresh); but if it is left active it will simply return I/O errors.
+
+A snapshot will merge into its origin with the following command::
+
+ lvconvert --merge volumeGroup/snap
+
+we'll now have this situation::
+
+ # dmsetup table|grep volumeGroup
+
+ volumeGroup-base-real: 0 2097152 linear 8:19 384
+ volumeGroup-base-cow: 0 204800 linear 8:19 2097536
+ volumeGroup-base: 0 2097152 snapshot-merge 254:11 254:12 P 16
+
+ # ls -lL /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-*
+ brw------- 1 root root 254, 11 29 ago 18:15 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-base-real
+ brw------- 1 root root 254, 12 29 ago 18:16 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-base-cow
+ brw------- 1 root root 254, 10 29 ago 18:16 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-base
+
+
+How to determine when a merging is complete
+===========================================
+The snapshot-merge and snapshot status lines end with:
+
+ <sectors_allocated>/<total_sectors> <metadata_sectors>
+
+Both <sectors_allocated> and <total_sectors> include both data and metadata.
+During merging, the number of sectors allocated gets smaller and
+smaller. Merging has finished when the number of sectors holding data
+is zero, in other words <sectors_allocated> == <metadata_sectors>.
+
+Here is a practical example (using a hybrid of lvm and dmsetup commands)::
+
+ # lvs
+ LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
+ base volumeGroup owi-a- 4.00g
+ snap volumeGroup swi-a- 1.00g base 18.97
+
+ # dmsetup status volumeGroup-snap
+ 0 8388608 snapshot 397896/2097152 1560
+ ^^^^ metadata sectors
+
+ # lvconvert --merge -b volumeGroup/snap
+ Merging of volume snap started.
+
+ # lvs volumeGroup/snap
+ LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
+ base volumeGroup Owi-a- 4.00g 17.23
+
+ # dmsetup status volumeGroup-base
+ 0 8388608 snapshot-merge 281688/2097152 1104
+
+ # dmsetup status volumeGroup-base
+ 0 8388608 snapshot-merge 180480/2097152 712
+
+ # dmsetup status volumeGroup-base
+ 0 8388608 snapshot-merge 16/2097152 16
+
+Merging has finished.
+
+::
+
+ # lvs
+ LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
+ base volumeGroup owi-a- 4.00g
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/statistics.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/statistics.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..41ded0bc5933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/statistics.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+=============
+DM statistics
+=============
+
+Device Mapper supports the collection of I/O statistics on user-defined
+regions of a DM device. If no regions are defined no statistics are
+collected so there isn't any performance impact. Only bio-based DM
+devices are currently supported.
+
+Each user-defined region specifies a starting sector, length and step.
+Individual statistics will be collected for each step-sized area within
+the range specified.
+
+The I/O statistics counters for each step-sized area of a region are
+in the same format as `/sys/block/*/stat` or `/proc/diskstats` (see:
+Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst). But two extra counters (12 and 13) are
+provided: total time spent reading and writing. When the histogram
+argument is used, the 14th parameter is reported that represents the
+histogram of latencies. All these counters may be accessed by sending
+the @stats_print message to the appropriate DM device via dmsetup.
+
+The reported times are in milliseconds and the granularity depends on
+the kernel ticks. When the option precise_timestamps is used, the
+reported times are in nanoseconds.
+
+Each region has a corresponding unique identifier, which we call a
+region_id, that is assigned when the region is created. The region_id
+must be supplied when querying statistics about the region, deleting the
+region, etc. Unique region_ids enable multiple userspace programs to
+request and process statistics for the same DM device without stepping
+on each other's data.
+
+The creation of DM statistics will allocate memory via kmalloc or
+fallback to using vmalloc space. At most, 1/4 of the overall system
+memory may be allocated by DM statistics. The admin can see how much
+memory is used by reading:
+
+ /sys/module/dm_mod/parameters/stats_current_allocated_bytes
+
+Messages
+========
+
+ @stats_create <range> <step> [<number_of_optional_arguments> <optional_arguments>...] [<program_id> [<aux_data>]]
+ Create a new region and return the region_id.
+
+ <range>
+ "-"
+ whole device
+ "<start_sector>+<length>"
+ a range of <length> 512-byte sectors
+ starting with <start_sector>.
+
+ <step>
+ "<area_size>"
+ the range is subdivided into areas each containing
+ <area_size> sectors.
+ "/<number_of_areas>"
+ the range is subdivided into the specified
+ number of areas.
+
+ <number_of_optional_arguments>
+ The number of optional arguments
+
+ <optional_arguments>
+ The following optional arguments are supported:
+
+ precise_timestamps
+ use precise timer with nanosecond resolution
+ instead of the "jiffies" variable. When this argument is
+ used, the resulting times are in nanoseconds instead of
+ milliseconds. Precise timestamps are a little bit slower
+ to obtain than jiffies-based timestamps.
+ histogram:n1,n2,n3,n4,...
+ collect histogram of latencies. The
+ numbers n1, n2, etc are times that represent the boundaries
+ of the histogram. If precise_timestamps is not used, the
+ times are in milliseconds, otherwise they are in
+ nanoseconds. For each range, the kernel will report the
+ number of requests that completed within this range. For
+ example, if we use "histogram:10,20,30", the kernel will
+ report four numbers a:b:c:d. a is the number of requests
+ that took 0-10 ms to complete, b is the number of requests
+ that took 10-20 ms to complete, c is the number of requests
+ that took 20-30 ms to complete and d is the number of
+ requests that took more than 30 ms to complete.
+
+ <program_id>
+ An optional parameter. A name that uniquely identifies
+ the userspace owner of the range. This groups ranges together
+ so that userspace programs can identify the ranges they
+ created and ignore those created by others.
+ The kernel returns this string back in the output of
+ @stats_list message, but it doesn't use it for anything else.
+ If we omit the number of optional arguments, program id must not
+ be a number, otherwise it would be interpreted as the number of
+ optional arguments.
+
+ <aux_data>
+ An optional parameter. A word that provides auxiliary data
+ that is useful to the client program that created the range.
+ The kernel returns this string back in the output of
+ @stats_list message, but it doesn't use this value for anything.
+
+ @stats_delete <region_id>
+ Delete the region with the specified id.
+
+ <region_id>
+ region_id returned from @stats_create
+
+ @stats_clear <region_id>
+ Clear all the counters except the in-flight i/o counters.
+
+ <region_id>
+ region_id returned from @stats_create
+
+ @stats_list [<program_id>]
+ List all regions registered with @stats_create.
+
+ <program_id>
+ An optional parameter.
+ If this parameter is specified, only matching regions
+ are returned.
+ If it is not specified, all regions are returned.
+
+ Output format:
+ <region_id>: <start_sector>+<length> <step> <program_id> <aux_data>
+ precise_timestamps histogram:n1,n2,n3,...
+
+ The strings "precise_timestamps" and "histogram" are printed only
+ if they were specified when creating the region.
+
+ @stats_print <region_id> [<starting_line> <number_of_lines>]
+ Print counters for each step-sized area of a region.
+
+ <region_id>
+ region_id returned from @stats_create
+
+ <starting_line>
+ The index of the starting line in the output.
+ If omitted, all lines are returned.
+
+ <number_of_lines>
+ The number of lines to include in the output.
+ If omitted, all lines are returned.
+
+ Output format for each step-sized area of a region:
+
+ <start_sector>+<length>
+ counters
+
+ The first 11 counters have the same meaning as
+ `/sys/block/*/stat or /proc/diskstats`.
+
+ Please refer to Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst for details.
+
+ 1. the number of reads completed
+ 2. the number of reads merged
+ 3. the number of sectors read
+ 4. the number of milliseconds spent reading
+ 5. the number of writes completed
+ 6. the number of writes merged
+ 7. the number of sectors written
+ 8. the number of milliseconds spent writing
+ 9. the number of I/Os currently in progress
+ 10. the number of milliseconds spent doing I/Os
+ 11. the weighted number of milliseconds spent doing I/Os
+
+ Additional counters:
+
+ 12. the total time spent reading in milliseconds
+ 13. the total time spent writing in milliseconds
+
+ @stats_print_clear <region_id> [<starting_line> <number_of_lines>]
+ Atomically print and then clear all the counters except the
+ in-flight i/o counters. Useful when the client consuming the
+ statistics does not want to lose any statistics (those updated
+ between printing and clearing).
+
+ <region_id>
+ region_id returned from @stats_create
+
+ <starting_line>
+ The index of the starting line in the output.
+ If omitted, all lines are printed and then cleared.
+
+ <number_of_lines>
+ The number of lines to process.
+ If omitted, all lines are printed and then cleared.
+
+ @stats_set_aux <region_id> <aux_data>
+ Store auxiliary data aux_data for the specified region.
+
+ <region_id>
+ region_id returned from @stats_create
+
+ <aux_data>
+ The string that identifies data which is useful to the client
+ program that created the range. The kernel returns this
+ string back in the output of @stats_list message, but it
+ doesn't use this value for anything.
+
+Examples
+========
+
+Subdivide the DM device 'vol' into 100 pieces and start collecting
+statistics on them::
+
+ dmsetup message vol 0 @stats_create - /100
+
+Set the auxiliary data string to "foo bar baz" (the escape for each
+space must also be escaped, otherwise the shell will consume them)::
+
+ dmsetup message vol 0 @stats_set_aux 0 foo\\ bar\\ baz
+
+List the statistics::
+
+ dmsetup message vol 0 @stats_list
+
+Print the statistics::
+
+ dmsetup message vol 0 @stats_print 0
+
+Delete the statistics::
+
+ dmsetup message vol 0 @stats_delete 0
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/striped.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/striped.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e9a8da192ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/striped.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+=========
+dm-stripe
+=========
+
+Device-Mapper's "striped" target is used to create a striped (i.e. RAID-0)
+device across one or more underlying devices. Data is written in "chunks",
+with consecutive chunks rotating among the underlying devices. This can
+potentially provide improved I/O throughput by utilizing several physical
+devices in parallel.
+
+Parameters: <num devs> <chunk size> [<dev path> <offset>]+
+ <num devs>:
+ Number of underlying devices.
+ <chunk size>:
+ Size of each chunk of data. Must be at least as
+ large as the system's PAGE_SIZE.
+ <dev path>:
+ Full pathname to the underlying block-device, or a
+ "major:minor" device-number.
+ <offset>:
+ Starting sector within the device.
+
+One or more underlying devices can be specified. The striped device size must
+be a multiple of the chunk size multiplied by the number of underlying devices.
+
+
+Example scripts
+===============
+
+::
+
+ #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+ # Create a striped device across any number of underlying devices. The device
+ # will be called "stripe_dev" and have a chunk-size of 128k.
+
+ my $chunk_size = 128 * 2;
+ my $dev_name = "stripe_dev";
+ my $num_devs = @ARGV;
+ my @devs = @ARGV;
+ my ($min_dev_size, $stripe_dev_size, $i);
+
+ if (!$num_devs) {
+ die("Specify at least one device\n");
+ }
+
+ $min_dev_size = `blockdev --getsz $devs[0]`;
+ for ($i = 1; $i < $num_devs; $i++) {
+ my $this_size = `blockdev --getsz $devs[$i]`;
+ $min_dev_size = ($min_dev_size < $this_size) ?
+ $min_dev_size : $this_size;
+ }
+
+ $stripe_dev_size = $min_dev_size * $num_devs;
+ $stripe_dev_size -= $stripe_dev_size % ($chunk_size * $num_devs);
+
+ $table = "0 $stripe_dev_size striped $num_devs $chunk_size";
+ for ($i = 0; $i < $num_devs; $i++) {
+ $table .= " $devs[$i] 0";
+ }
+
+ `echo $table | dmsetup create $dev_name`;
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/switch.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/switch.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7dde06be1a4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/switch.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+=========
+dm-switch
+=========
+
+The device-mapper switch target creates a device that supports an
+arbitrary mapping of fixed-size regions of I/O across a fixed set of
+paths. The path used for any specific region can be switched
+dynamically by sending the target a message.
+
+It maps I/O to underlying block devices efficiently when there is a large
+number of fixed-sized address regions but there is no simple pattern
+that would allow for a compact representation of the mapping such as
+dm-stripe.
+
+Background
+----------
+
+Dell EqualLogic and some other iSCSI storage arrays use a distributed
+frameless architecture. In this architecture, the storage group
+consists of a number of distinct storage arrays ("members") each having
+independent controllers, disk storage and network adapters. When a LUN
+is created it is spread across multiple members. The details of the
+spreading are hidden from initiators connected to this storage system.
+The storage group exposes a single target discovery portal, no matter
+how many members are being used. When iSCSI sessions are created, each
+session is connected to an eth port on a single member. Data to a LUN
+can be sent on any iSCSI session, and if the blocks being accessed are
+stored on another member the I/O will be forwarded as required. This
+forwarding is invisible to the initiator. The storage layout is also
+dynamic, and the blocks stored on disk may be moved from member to
+member as needed to balance the load.
+
+This architecture simplifies the management and configuration of both
+the storage group and initiators. In a multipathing configuration, it
+is possible to set up multiple iSCSI sessions to use multiple network
+interfaces on both the host and target to take advantage of the
+increased network bandwidth. An initiator could use a simple round
+robin algorithm to send I/O across all paths and let the storage array
+members forward it as necessary, but there is a performance advantage to
+sending data directly to the correct member.
+
+A device-mapper table already lets you map different regions of a
+device onto different targets. However in this architecture the LUN is
+spread with an address region size on the order of 10s of MBs, which
+means the resulting table could have more than a million entries and
+consume far too much memory.
+
+Using this device-mapper switch target we can now build a two-layer
+device hierarchy:
+
+ Upper Tier - Determine which array member the I/O should be sent to.
+ Lower Tier - Load balance amongst paths to a particular member.
+
+The lower tier consists of a single dm multipath device for each member.
+Each of these multipath devices contains the set of paths directly to
+the array member in one priority group, and leverages existing path
+selectors to load balance amongst these paths. We also build a
+non-preferred priority group containing paths to other array members for
+failover reasons.
+
+The upper tier consists of a single dm-switch device. This device uses
+a bitmap to look up the location of the I/O and choose the appropriate
+lower tier device to route the I/O. By using a bitmap we are able to
+use 4 bits for each address range in a 16 member group (which is very
+large for us). This is a much denser representation than the dm table
+b-tree can achieve.
+
+Construction Parameters
+=======================
+
+ <num_paths> <region_size> <num_optional_args> [<optional_args>...] [<dev_path> <offset>]+
+ <num_paths>
+ The number of paths across which to distribute the I/O.
+
+ <region_size>
+ The number of 512-byte sectors in a region. Each region can be redirected
+ to any of the available paths.
+
+ <num_optional_args>
+ The number of optional arguments. Currently, no optional arguments
+ are supported and so this must be zero.
+
+ <dev_path>
+ The block device that represents a specific path to the device.
+
+ <offset>
+ The offset of the start of data on the specific <dev_path> (in units
+ of 512-byte sectors). This number is added to the sector number when
+ forwarding the request to the specific path. Typically it is zero.
+
+Messages
+========
+
+set_region_mappings <index>:<path_nr> [<index>]:<path_nr> [<index>]:<path_nr>...
+
+Modify the region table by specifying which regions are redirected to
+which paths.
+
+<index>
+ The region number (region size was specified in constructor parameters).
+ If index is omitted, the next region (previous index + 1) is used.
+ Expressed in hexadecimal (WITHOUT any prefix like 0x).
+
+<path_nr>
+ The path number in the range 0 ... (<num_paths> - 1).
+ Expressed in hexadecimal (WITHOUT any prefix like 0x).
+
+R<n>,<m>
+ This parameter allows repetitive patterns to be loaded quickly. <n> and <m>
+ are hexadecimal numbers. The last <n> mappings are repeated in the next <m>
+ slots.
+
+Status
+======
+
+No status line is reported.
+
+Example
+=======
+
+Assume that you have volumes vg1/switch0 vg1/switch1 vg1/switch2 with
+the same size.
+
+Create a switch device with 64kB region size::
+
+ dmsetup create switch --table "0 `blockdev --getsz /dev/vg1/switch0`
+ switch 3 128 0 /dev/vg1/switch0 0 /dev/vg1/switch1 0 /dev/vg1/switch2 0"
+
+Set mappings for the first 7 entries to point to devices switch0, switch1,
+switch2, switch0, switch1, switch2, switch1::
+
+ dmsetup message switch 0 set_region_mappings 0:0 :1 :2 :0 :1 :2 :1
+
+Set repetitive mapping. This command::
+
+ dmsetup message switch 0 set_region_mappings 1000:1 :2 R2,10
+
+is equivalent to::
+
+ dmsetup message switch 0 set_region_mappings 1000:1 :2 :1 :2 :1 :2 :1 :2 \
+ :1 :2 :1 :2 :1 :2 :1 :2 :1 :2
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/thin-provisioning.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/thin-provisioning.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2fa49a5608a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/thin-provisioning.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+=================
+Thin provisioning
+=================
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+This document describes a collection of device-mapper targets that
+between them implement thin-provisioning and snapshots.
+
+The main highlight of this implementation, compared to the previous
+implementation of snapshots, is that it allows many virtual devices to
+be stored on the same data volume. This simplifies administration and
+allows the sharing of data between volumes, thus reducing disk usage.
+
+Another significant feature is support for an arbitrary depth of
+recursive snapshots (snapshots of snapshots of snapshots ...). The
+previous implementation of snapshots did this by chaining together
+lookup tables, and so performance was O(depth). This new
+implementation uses a single data structure to avoid this degradation
+with depth. Fragmentation may still be an issue, however, in some
+scenarios.
+
+Metadata is stored on a separate device from data, giving the
+administrator some freedom, for example to:
+
+- Improve metadata resilience by storing metadata on a mirrored volume
+ but data on a non-mirrored one.
+
+- Improve performance by storing the metadata on SSD.
+
+Status
+======
+
+These targets are considered safe for production use. But different use
+cases will have different performance characteristics, for example due
+to fragmentation of the data volume.
+
+If you find this software is not performing as expected please mail
+dm-devel@redhat.com with details and we'll try our best to improve
+things for you.
+
+Userspace tools for checking and repairing the metadata have been fully
+developed and are available as 'thin_check' and 'thin_repair'. The name
+of the package that provides these utilities varies by distribution (on
+a Red Hat distribution it is named 'device-mapper-persistent-data').
+
+Cookbook
+========
+
+This section describes some quick recipes for using thin provisioning.
+They use the dmsetup program to control the device-mapper driver
+directly. End users will be advised to use a higher-level volume
+manager such as LVM2 once support has been added.
+
+Pool device
+-----------
+
+The pool device ties together the metadata volume and the data volume.
+It maps I/O linearly to the data volume and updates the metadata via
+two mechanisms:
+
+- Function calls from the thin targets
+
+- Device-mapper 'messages' from userspace which control the creation of new
+ virtual devices amongst other things.
+
+Setting up a fresh pool device
+------------------------------
+
+Setting up a pool device requires a valid metadata device, and a
+data device. If you do not have an existing metadata device you can
+make one by zeroing the first 4k to indicate empty metadata.
+
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=$metadata_dev bs=4096 count=1
+
+The amount of metadata you need will vary according to how many blocks
+are shared between thin devices (i.e. through snapshots). If you have
+less sharing than average you'll need a larger-than-average metadata device.
+
+As a guide, we suggest you calculate the number of bytes to use in the
+metadata device as 48 * $data_dev_size / $data_block_size but round it up
+to 2MiB if the answer is smaller. If you're creating large numbers of
+snapshots which are recording large amounts of change, you may find you
+need to increase this.
+
+The largest size supported is 16GiB: If the device is larger,
+a warning will be issued and the excess space will not be used.
+
+Reloading a pool table
+----------------------
+
+You may reload a pool's table, indeed this is how the pool is resized
+if it runs out of space. (N.B. While specifying a different metadata
+device when reloading is not forbidden at the moment, things will go
+wrong if it does not route I/O to exactly the same on-disk location as
+previously.)
+
+Using an existing pool device
+-----------------------------
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup create pool \
+ --table "0 20971520 thin-pool $metadata_dev $data_dev \
+ $data_block_size $low_water_mark"
+
+$data_block_size gives the smallest unit of disk space that can be
+allocated at a time expressed in units of 512-byte sectors.
+$data_block_size must be between 128 (64KiB) and 2097152 (1GiB) and a
+multiple of 128 (64KiB). $data_block_size cannot be changed after the
+thin-pool is created. People primarily interested in thin provisioning
+may want to use a value such as 1024 (512KiB). People doing lots of
+snapshotting may want a smaller value such as 128 (64KiB). If you are
+not zeroing newly-allocated data, a larger $data_block_size in the
+region of 262144 (128MiB) is suggested.
+
+$low_water_mark is expressed in blocks of size $data_block_size. If
+free space on the data device drops below this level then a dm event
+will be triggered which a userspace daemon should catch allowing it to
+extend the pool device. Only one such event will be sent.
+
+No special event is triggered if a just resumed device's free space is below
+the low water mark. However, resuming a device always triggers an
+event; a userspace daemon should verify that free space exceeds the low
+water mark when handling this event.
+
+A low water mark for the metadata device is maintained in the kernel and
+will trigger a dm event if free space on the metadata device drops below
+it.
+
+Updating on-disk metadata
+-------------------------
+
+On-disk metadata is committed every time a FLUSH or FUA bio is written.
+If no such requests are made then commits will occur every second. This
+means the thin-provisioning target behaves like a physical disk that has
+a volatile write cache. If power is lost you may lose some recent
+writes. The metadata should always be consistent in spite of any crash.
+
+If data space is exhausted the pool will either error or queue IO
+according to the configuration (see: error_if_no_space). If metadata
+space is exhausted or a metadata operation fails: the pool will error IO
+until the pool is taken offline and repair is performed to 1) fix any
+potential inconsistencies and 2) clear the flag that imposes repair.
+Once the pool's metadata device is repaired it may be resized, which
+will allow the pool to return to normal operation. Note that if a pool
+is flagged as needing repair, the pool's data and metadata devices
+cannot be resized until repair is performed. It should also be noted
+that when the pool's metadata space is exhausted the current metadata
+transaction is aborted. Given that the pool will cache IO whose
+completion may have already been acknowledged to upper IO layers
+(e.g. filesystem) it is strongly suggested that consistency checks
+(e.g. fsck) be performed on those layers when repair of the pool is
+required.
+
+Thin provisioning
+-----------------
+
+i) Creating a new thinly-provisioned volume.
+
+ To create a new thinly- provisioned volume you must send a message to an
+ active pool device, /dev/mapper/pool in this example::
+
+ dmsetup message /dev/mapper/pool 0 "create_thin 0"
+
+ Here '0' is an identifier for the volume, a 24-bit number. It's up
+ to the caller to allocate and manage these identifiers. If the
+ identifier is already in use, the message will fail with -EEXIST.
+
+ii) Using a thinly-provisioned volume.
+
+ Thinly-provisioned volumes are activated using the 'thin' target::
+
+ dmsetup create thin --table "0 2097152 thin /dev/mapper/pool 0"
+
+ The last parameter is the identifier for the thinp device.
+
+Internal snapshots
+------------------
+
+i) Creating an internal snapshot.
+
+ Snapshots are created with another message to the pool.
+
+ N.B. If the origin device that you wish to snapshot is active, you
+ must suspend it before creating the snapshot to avoid corruption.
+ This is NOT enforced at the moment, so please be careful!
+
+ ::
+
+ dmsetup suspend /dev/mapper/thin
+ dmsetup message /dev/mapper/pool 0 "create_snap 1 0"
+ dmsetup resume /dev/mapper/thin
+
+ Here '1' is the identifier for the volume, a 24-bit number. '0' is the
+ identifier for the origin device.
+
+ii) Using an internal snapshot.
+
+ Once created, the user doesn't have to worry about any connection
+ between the origin and the snapshot. Indeed the snapshot is no
+ different from any other thinly-provisioned device and can be
+ snapshotted itself via the same method. It's perfectly legal to
+ have only one of them active, and there's no ordering requirement on
+ activating or removing them both. (This differs from conventional
+ device-mapper snapshots.)
+
+ Activate it exactly the same way as any other thinly-provisioned volume::
+
+ dmsetup create snap --table "0 2097152 thin /dev/mapper/pool 1"
+
+External snapshots
+------------------
+
+You can use an external **read only** device as an origin for a
+thinly-provisioned volume. Any read to an unprovisioned area of the
+thin device will be passed through to the origin. Writes trigger
+the allocation of new blocks as usual.
+
+One use case for this is VM hosts that want to run guests on
+thinly-provisioned volumes but have the base image on another device
+(possibly shared between many VMs).
+
+You must not write to the origin device if you use this technique!
+Of course, you may write to the thin device and take internal snapshots
+of the thin volume.
+
+i) Creating a snapshot of an external device
+
+ This is the same as creating a thin device.
+ You don't mention the origin at this stage.
+
+ ::
+
+ dmsetup message /dev/mapper/pool 0 "create_thin 0"
+
+ii) Using a snapshot of an external device.
+
+ Append an extra parameter to the thin target specifying the origin::
+
+ dmsetup create snap --table "0 2097152 thin /dev/mapper/pool 0 /dev/image"
+
+ N.B. All descendants (internal snapshots) of this snapshot require the
+ same extra origin parameter.
+
+Deactivation
+------------
+
+All devices using a pool must be deactivated before the pool itself
+can be.
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup remove thin
+ dmsetup remove snap
+ dmsetup remove pool
+
+Reference
+=========
+
+'thin-pool' target
+------------------
+
+i) Constructor
+
+ ::
+
+ thin-pool <metadata dev> <data dev> <data block size (sectors)> \
+ <low water mark (blocks)> [<number of feature args> [<arg>]*]
+
+ Optional feature arguments:
+
+ skip_block_zeroing:
+ Skip the zeroing of newly-provisioned blocks.
+
+ ignore_discard:
+ Disable discard support.
+
+ no_discard_passdown:
+ Don't pass discards down to the underlying
+ data device, but just remove the mapping.
+
+ read_only:
+ Don't allow any changes to be made to the pool
+ metadata. This mode is only available after the
+ thin-pool has been created and first used in full
+ read/write mode. It cannot be specified on initial
+ thin-pool creation.
+
+ error_if_no_space:
+ Error IOs, instead of queueing, if no space.
+
+ Data block size must be between 64KiB (128 sectors) and 1GiB
+ (2097152 sectors) inclusive.
+
+
+ii) Status
+
+ ::
+
+ <transaction id> <used metadata blocks>/<total metadata blocks>
+ <used data blocks>/<total data blocks> <held metadata root>
+ ro|rw|out_of_data_space [no_]discard_passdown [error|queue]_if_no_space
+ needs_check|- metadata_low_watermark
+
+ transaction id:
+ A 64-bit number used by userspace to help synchronise with metadata
+ from volume managers.
+
+ used data blocks / total data blocks
+ If the number of free blocks drops below the pool's low water mark a
+ dm event will be sent to userspace. This event is edge-triggered and
+ it will occur only once after each resume so volume manager writers
+ should register for the event and then check the target's status.
+
+ held metadata root:
+ The location, in blocks, of the metadata root that has been
+ 'held' for userspace read access. '-' indicates there is no
+ held root.
+
+ discard_passdown|no_discard_passdown
+ Whether or not discards are actually being passed down to the
+ underlying device. When this is enabled when loading the table,
+ it can get disabled if the underlying device doesn't support it.
+
+ ro|rw|out_of_data_space
+ If the pool encounters certain types of device failures it will
+ drop into a read-only metadata mode in which no changes to
+ the pool metadata (like allocating new blocks) are permitted.
+
+ In serious cases where even a read-only mode is deemed unsafe
+ no further I/O will be permitted and the status will just
+ contain the string 'Fail'. The userspace recovery tools
+ should then be used.
+
+ error_if_no_space|queue_if_no_space
+ If the pool runs out of data or metadata space, the pool will
+ either queue or error the IO destined to the data device. The
+ default is to queue the IO until more space is added or the
+ 'no_space_timeout' expires. The 'no_space_timeout' dm-thin-pool
+ module parameter can be used to change this timeout -- it
+ defaults to 60 seconds but may be disabled using a value of 0.
+
+ needs_check
+ A metadata operation has failed, resulting in the needs_check
+ flag being set in the metadata's superblock. The metadata
+ device must be deactivated and checked/repaired before the
+ thin-pool can be made fully operational again. '-' indicates
+ needs_check is not set.
+
+ metadata_low_watermark:
+ Value of metadata low watermark in blocks. The kernel sets this
+ value internally but userspace needs to know this value to
+ determine if an event was caused by crossing this threshold.
+
+iii) Messages
+
+ create_thin <dev id>
+ Create a new thinly-provisioned device.
+ <dev id> is an arbitrary unique 24-bit identifier chosen by
+ the caller.
+
+ create_snap <dev id> <origin id>
+ Create a new snapshot of another thinly-provisioned device.
+ <dev id> is an arbitrary unique 24-bit identifier chosen by
+ the caller.
+ <origin id> is the identifier of the thinly-provisioned device
+ of which the new device will be a snapshot.
+
+ delete <dev id>
+ Deletes a thin device. Irreversible.
+
+ set_transaction_id <current id> <new id>
+ Userland volume managers, such as LVM, need a way to
+ synchronise their external metadata with the internal metadata of the
+ pool target. The thin-pool target offers to store an
+ arbitrary 64-bit transaction id and return it on the target's
+ status line. To avoid races you must provide what you think
+ the current transaction id is when you change it with this
+ compare-and-swap message.
+
+ reserve_metadata_snap
+ Reserve a copy of the data mapping btree for use by userland.
+ This allows userland to inspect the mappings as they were when
+ this message was executed. Use the pool's status command to
+ get the root block associated with the metadata snapshot.
+
+ release_metadata_snap
+ Release a previously reserved copy of the data mapping btree.
+
+'thin' target
+-------------
+
+i) Constructor
+
+ ::
+
+ thin <pool dev> <dev id> [<external origin dev>]
+
+ pool dev:
+ the thin-pool device, e.g. /dev/mapper/my_pool or 253:0
+
+ dev id:
+ the internal device identifier of the device to be
+ activated.
+
+ external origin dev:
+ an optional block device outside the pool to be treated as a
+ read-only snapshot origin: reads to unprovisioned areas of the
+ thin target will be mapped to this device.
+
+The pool doesn't store any size against the thin devices. If you
+load a thin target that is smaller than you've been using previously,
+then you'll have no access to blocks mapped beyond the end. If you
+load a target that is bigger than before, then extra blocks will be
+provisioned as and when needed.
+
+ii) Status
+
+ <nr mapped sectors> <highest mapped sector>
+ If the pool has encountered device errors and failed, the status
+ will just contain the string 'Fail'. The userspace recovery
+ tools should then be used.
+
+ In the case where <nr mapped sectors> is 0, there is no highest
+ mapped sector and the value of <highest mapped sector> is unspecified.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/unstriped.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/unstriped.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5772ccdd1f5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/unstriped.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+================================
+Device-mapper "unstriped" target
+================================
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+The device-mapper "unstriped" target provides a transparent mechanism to
+unstripe a device-mapper "striped" target to access the underlying disks
+without having to touch the true backing block-device. It can also be
+used to unstripe a hardware RAID-0 to access backing disks.
+
+Parameters:
+<number of stripes> <chunk size> <stripe #> <dev_path> <offset>
+
+<number of stripes>
+ The number of stripes in the RAID 0.
+
+<chunk size>
+ The amount of 512B sectors in the chunk striping.
+
+<dev_path>
+ The block device you wish to unstripe.
+
+<stripe #>
+ The stripe number within the device that corresponds to physical
+ drive you wish to unstripe. This must be 0 indexed.
+
+
+Why use this module?
+====================
+
+An example of undoing an existing dm-stripe
+-------------------------------------------
+
+This small bash script will setup 4 loop devices and use the existing
+striped target to combine the 4 devices into one. It then will use
+the unstriped target on top of the striped device to access the
+individual backing loop devices. We write data to the newly exposed
+unstriped devices and verify the data written matches the correct
+underlying device on the striped array::
+
+ #!/bin/bash
+
+ MEMBER_SIZE=$((128 * 1024 * 1024))
+ NUM=4
+ SEQ_END=$((${NUM}-1))
+ CHUNK=256
+ BS=4096
+
+ RAID_SIZE=$((${MEMBER_SIZE}*${NUM}/512))
+ DM_PARMS="0 ${RAID_SIZE} striped ${NUM} ${CHUNK}"
+ COUNT=$((${MEMBER_SIZE} / ${BS}))
+
+ for i in $(seq 0 ${SEQ_END}); do
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=member-${i} bs=${MEMBER_SIZE} count=1 oflag=direct
+ losetup /dev/loop${i} member-${i}
+ DM_PARMS+=" /dev/loop${i} 0"
+ done
+
+ echo $DM_PARMS | dmsetup create raid0
+ for i in $(seq 0 ${SEQ_END}); do
+ echo "0 1 unstriped ${NUM} ${CHUNK} ${i} /dev/mapper/raid0 0" | dmsetup create set-${i}
+ done;
+
+ for i in $(seq 0 ${SEQ_END}); do
+ dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/mapper/set-${i} bs=${BS} count=${COUNT} oflag=direct
+ diff /dev/mapper/set-${i} member-${i}
+ done;
+
+ for i in $(seq 0 ${SEQ_END}); do
+ dmsetup remove set-${i}
+ done
+
+ dmsetup remove raid0
+
+ for i in $(seq 0 ${SEQ_END}); do
+ losetup -d /dev/loop${i}
+ rm -f member-${i}
+ done
+
+Another example
+---------------
+
+Intel NVMe drives contain two cores on the physical device.
+Each core of the drive has segregated access to its LBA range.
+The current LBA model has a RAID 0 128k chunk on each core, resulting
+in a 256k stripe across the two cores::
+
+ Core 0: Core 1:
+ __________ __________
+ | LBA 512| | LBA 768|
+ | LBA 0 | | LBA 256|
+ ---------- ----------
+
+The purpose of this unstriping is to provide better QoS in noisy
+neighbor environments. When two partitions are created on the
+aggregate drive without this unstriping, reads on one partition
+can affect writes on another partition. This is because the partitions
+are striped across the two cores. When we unstripe this hardware RAID 0
+and make partitions on each new exposed device the two partitions are now
+physically separated.
+
+With the dm-unstriped target we're able to segregate an fio script that
+has read and write jobs that are independent of each other. Compared to
+when we run the test on a combined drive with partitions, we were able
+to get a 92% reduction in read latency using this device mapper target.
+
+
+Example dmsetup usage
+=====================
+
+unstriped on top of Intel NVMe device that has 2 cores
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup create nvmset0 --table '0 512 unstriped 2 256 0 /dev/nvme0n1 0'
+ dmsetup create nvmset1 --table '0 512 unstriped 2 256 1 /dev/nvme0n1 0'
+
+There will now be two devices that expose Intel NVMe core 0 and 1
+respectively::
+
+ /dev/mapper/nvmset0
+ /dev/mapper/nvmset1
+
+unstriped on top of striped with 4 drives using 128K chunk size
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup create raid_disk0 --table '0 512 unstriped 4 256 0 /dev/mapper/striped 0'
+ dmsetup create raid_disk1 --table '0 512 unstriped 4 256 1 /dev/mapper/striped 0'
+ dmsetup create raid_disk2 --table '0 512 unstriped 4 256 2 /dev/mapper/striped 0'
+ dmsetup create raid_disk3 --table '0 512 unstriped 4 256 3 /dev/mapper/striped 0'
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/vdo-design.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/vdo-design.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..faa0ecd4a5ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/vdo-design.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+================
+Design of dm-vdo
+================
+
+The dm-vdo (virtual data optimizer) target provides inline deduplication,
+compression, zero-block elimination, and thin provisioning. A dm-vdo target
+can be backed by up to 256TB of storage, and can present a logical size of
+up to 4PB. This target was originally developed at Permabit Technology
+Corp. starting in 2009. It was first released in 2013 and has been used in
+production environments ever since. It was made open-source in 2017 after
+Permabit was acquired by Red Hat. This document describes the design of
+dm-vdo. For usage, see vdo.rst in the same directory as this file.
+
+Because deduplication rates fall drastically as the block size increases, a
+vdo target has a maximum block size of 4K. However, it can achieve
+deduplication rates of 254:1, i.e. up to 254 copies of a given 4K block can
+reference a single 4K of actual storage. It can achieve compression rates
+of 14:1. All zero blocks consume no storage at all.
+
+Theory of Operation
+===================
+
+The design of dm-vdo is based on the idea that deduplication is a two-part
+problem. The first is to recognize duplicate data. The second is to avoid
+storing multiple copies of those duplicates. Therefore, dm-vdo has two main
+parts: a deduplication index (called UDS) that is used to discover
+duplicate data, and a data store with a reference counted block map that
+maps from logical block addresses to the actual storage location of the
+data.
+
+Zones and Threading
+-------------------
+
+Due to the complexity of data optimization, the number of metadata
+structures involved in a single write operation to a vdo target is larger
+than most other targets. Furthermore, because vdo must operate on small
+block sizes in order to achieve good deduplication rates, acceptable
+performance can only be achieved through parallelism. Therefore, vdo's
+design attempts to be lock-free.
+
+Most of a vdo's main data structures are designed to be easily divided into
+"zones" such that any given bio must only access a single zone of any zoned
+structure. Safety with minimal locking is achieved by ensuring that during
+normal operation, each zone is assigned to a specific thread, and only that
+thread will access the portion of the data structure in that zone.
+Associated with each thread is a work queue. Each bio is associated with a
+request object (the "data_vio") which will be added to a work queue when
+the next phase of its operation requires access to the structures in the
+zone associated with that queue.
+
+Another way of thinking about this arrangement is that the work queue for
+each zone has an implicit lock on the structures it manages for all its
+operations, because vdo guarantees that no other thread will alter those
+structures.
+
+Although each structure is divided into zones, this division is not
+reflected in the on-disk representation of each data structure. Therefore,
+the number of zones for each structure, and hence the number of threads,
+can be reconfigured each time a vdo target is started.
+
+The Deduplication Index
+-----------------------
+
+In order to identify duplicate data efficiently, vdo was designed to
+leverage some common characteristics of duplicate data. From empirical
+observations, we gathered two key insights. The first is that in most data
+sets with significant amounts of duplicate data, the duplicates tend to
+have temporal locality. When a duplicate appears, it is more likely that
+other duplicates will be detected, and that those duplicates will have been
+written at about the same time. This is why the index keeps records in
+temporal order. The second insight is that new data is more likely to
+duplicate recent data than it is to duplicate older data and in general,
+there are diminishing returns to looking further back in time. Therefore,
+when the index is full, it should cull its oldest records to make space for
+new ones. Another important idea behind the design of the index is that the
+ultimate goal of deduplication is to reduce storage costs. Since there is a
+trade-off between the storage saved and the resources expended to achieve
+those savings, vdo does not attempt to find every last duplicate block. It
+is sufficient to find and eliminate most of the redundancy.
+
+Each block of data is hashed to produce a 16-byte block name. An index
+record consists of this block name paired with the presumed location of
+that data on the underlying storage. However, it is not possible to
+guarantee that the index is accurate. In the most common case, this occurs
+because it is too costly to update the index when a block is over-written
+or discarded. Doing so would require either storing the block name along
+with the blocks, which is difficult to do efficiently in block-based
+storage, or reading and rehashing each block before overwriting it.
+Inaccuracy can also result from a hash collision where two different blocks
+have the same name. In practice, this is extremely unlikely, but because
+vdo does not use a cryptographic hash, a malicious workload could be
+constructed. Because of these inaccuracies, vdo treats the locations in the
+index as hints, and reads each indicated block to verify that it is indeed
+a duplicate before sharing the existing block with a new one.
+
+Records are collected into groups called chapters. New records are added to
+the newest chapter, called the open chapter. This chapter is stored in a
+format optimized for adding and modifying records, and the content of the
+open chapter is not finalized until it runs out of space for new records.
+When the open chapter fills up, it is closed and a new open chapter is
+created to collect new records.
+
+Closing a chapter converts it to a different format which is optimized for
+reading. The records are written to a series of record pages based on the
+order in which they were received. This means that records with temporal
+locality should be on a small number of pages, reducing the I/O required to
+retrieve them. The chapter also compiles an index that indicates which
+record page contains any given name. This index means that a request for a
+name can determine exactly which record page may contain that record,
+without having to load the entire chapter from storage. This index uses
+only a subset of the block name as its key, so it cannot guarantee that an
+index entry refers to the desired block name. It can only guarantee that if
+there is a record for this name, it will be on the indicated page. Closed
+chapters are read-only structures and their contents are never altered in
+any way.
+
+Once enough records have been written to fill up all the available index
+space, the oldest chapter is removed to make space for new chapters. Any
+time a request finds a matching record in the index, that record is copied
+into the open chapter. This ensures that useful block names remain available
+in the index, while unreferenced block names are forgotten over time.
+
+In order to find records in older chapters, the index also maintains a
+higher level structure called the volume index, which contains entries
+mapping each block name to the chapter containing its newest record. This
+mapping is updated as records for the block name are copied or updated,
+ensuring that only the newest record for a given block name can be found.
+An older record for a block name will no longer be found even though it has
+not been deleted from its chapter. Like the chapter index, the volume index
+uses only a subset of the block name as its key and can not definitively
+say that a record exists for a name. It can only say which chapter would
+contain the record if a record exists. The volume index is stored entirely
+in memory and is saved to storage only when the vdo target is shut down.
+
+From the viewpoint of a request for a particular block name, it will first
+look up the name in the volume index. This search will either indicate that
+the name is new, or which chapter to search. If it returns a chapter, the
+request looks up its name in the chapter index. This will indicate either
+that the name is new, or which record page to search. Finally, if it is not
+new, the request will look for its name in the indicated record page.
+This process may require up to two page reads per request (one for the
+chapter index page and one for the request page). However, recently
+accessed pages are cached so that these page reads can be amortized across
+many block name requests.
+
+The volume index and the chapter indexes are implemented using a
+memory-efficient structure called a delta index. Instead of storing the
+entire block name (the key) for each entry, the entries are sorted by name
+and only the difference between adjacent keys (the delta) is stored.
+Because we expect the hashes to be randomly distributed, the size of the
+deltas follows an exponential distribution. Because of this distribution,
+the deltas are expressed using a Huffman code to take up even less space.
+The entire sorted list of keys is called a delta list. This structure
+allows the index to use many fewer bytes per entry than a traditional hash
+table, but it is slightly more expensive to look up entries, because a
+request must read every entry in a delta list to add up the deltas in order
+to find the record it needs. The delta index reduces this lookup cost by
+splitting its key space into many sub-lists, each starting at a fixed key
+value, so that each individual list is short.
+
+The default index size can hold 64 million records, corresponding to about
+256GB of data. This means that the index can identify duplicate data if the
+original data was written within the last 256GB of writes. This range is
+called the deduplication window. If new writes duplicate data that is older
+than that, the index will not be able to find it because the records of the
+older data have been removed. This means that if an application writes a
+200 GB file to a vdo target and then immediately writes it again, the two
+copies will deduplicate perfectly. Doing the same with a 500 GB file will
+result in no deduplication, because the beginning of the file will no
+longer be in the index by the time the second write begins (assuming there
+is no duplication within the file itself).
+
+If an application anticipates a data workload that will see useful
+deduplication beyond the 256GB threshold, vdo can be configured to use a
+larger index with a correspondingly larger deduplication window. (This
+configuration can only be set when the target is created, not altered
+later. It is important to consider the expected workload for a vdo target
+before configuring it.) There are two ways to do this.
+
+One way is to increase the memory size of the index, which also increases
+the amount of backing storage required. Doubling the size of the index will
+double the length of the deduplication window at the expense of doubling
+the storage size and the memory requirements.
+
+The other option is to enable sparse indexing. Sparse indexing increases
+the deduplication window by a factor of 10, at the expense of also
+increasing the storage size by a factor of 10. However with sparse
+indexing, the memory requirements do not increase. The trade-off is
+slightly more computation per request and a slight decrease in the amount
+of deduplication detected. For most workloads with significant amounts of
+duplicate data, sparse indexing will detect 97-99% of the deduplication
+that a standard index will detect.
+
+The vio and data_vio Structures
+-------------------------------
+
+A vio (short for Vdo I/O) is conceptually similar to a bio, with additional
+fields and data to track vdo-specific information. A struct vio maintains a
+pointer to a bio but also tracks other fields specific to the operation of
+vdo. The vio is kept separate from its related bio because there are many
+circumstances where vdo completes the bio but must continue to do work
+related to deduplication or compression.
+
+Metadata reads and writes, and other writes that originate within vdo, use
+a struct vio directly. Application reads and writes use a larger structure
+called a data_vio to track information about their progress. A struct
+data_vio contain a struct vio and also includes several other fields
+related to deduplication and other vdo features. The data_vio is the
+primary unit of application work in vdo. Each data_vio proceeds through a
+set of steps to handle the application data, after which it is reset and
+returned to a pool of data_vios for reuse.
+
+There is a fixed pool of 2048 data_vios. This number was chosen to bound
+the amount of work that is required to recover from a crash. In addition,
+benchmarks have indicated that increasing the size of the pool does not
+significantly improve performance.
+
+The Data Store
+--------------
+
+The data store is implemented by three main data structures, all of which
+work in concert to reduce or amortize metadata updates across as many data
+writes as possible.
+
+*The Slab Depot*
+
+Most of the vdo volume belongs to the slab depot. The depot contains a
+collection of slabs. The slabs can be up to 32GB, and are divided into
+three sections. Most of a slab consists of a linear sequence of 4K blocks.
+These blocks are used either to store data, or to hold portions of the
+block map (see below). In addition to the data blocks, each slab has a set
+of reference counters, using 1 byte for each data block. Finally each slab
+has a journal.
+
+Reference updates are written to the slab journal. Slab journal blocks are
+written out either when they are full, or when the recovery journal
+requests they do so in order to allow the main recovery journal (see below)
+to free up space. The slab journal is used both to ensure that the main
+recovery journal can regularly free up space, and also to amortize the cost
+of updating individual reference blocks. The reference counters are kept in
+memory and are written out, a block at a time in oldest-dirtied-order, only
+when there is a need to reclaim slab journal space. The write operations
+are performed in the background as needed so they do not add latency to
+particular I/O operations.
+
+Each slab is independent of every other. They are assigned to "physical
+zones" in round-robin fashion. If there are P physical zones, then slab n
+is assigned to zone n mod P.
+
+The slab depot maintains an additional small data structure, the "slab
+summary," which is used to reduce the amount of work needed to come back
+online after a crash. The slab summary maintains an entry for each slab
+indicating whether or not the slab has ever been used, whether all of its
+reference count updates have been persisted to storage, and approximately
+how full it is. During recovery, each physical zone will attempt to recover
+at least one slab, stopping whenever it has recovered a slab which has some
+free blocks. Once each zone has some space, or has determined that none is
+available, the target can resume normal operation in a degraded mode. Read
+and write requests can be serviced, perhaps with degraded performance,
+while the remainder of the dirty slabs are recovered.
+
+*The Block Map*
+
+The block map contains the logical to physical mapping. It can be thought
+of as an array with one entry per logical address. Each entry is 5 bytes,
+36 bits of which contain the physical block number which holds the data for
+the given logical address. The other 4 bits are used to indicate the nature
+of the mapping. Of the 16 possible states, one represents a logical address
+which is unmapped (i.e. it has never been written, or has been discarded),
+one represents an uncompressed block, and the other 14 states are used to
+indicate that the mapped data is compressed, and which of the compression
+slots in the compressed block contains the data for this logical address.
+
+In practice, the array of mapping entries is divided into "block map
+pages," each of which fits in a single 4K block. Each block map page
+consists of a header and 812 mapping entries. Each mapping page is actually
+a leaf of a radix tree which consists of block map pages at each level.
+There are 60 radix trees which are assigned to "logical zones" in round
+robin fashion. (If there are L logical zones, tree n will belong to zone n
+mod L.) At each level, the trees are interleaved, so logical addresses
+0-811 belong to tree 0, logical addresses 812-1623 belong to tree 1, and so
+on. The interleaving is maintained all the way up to the 60 root nodes.
+Choosing 60 trees results in an evenly distributed number of trees per zone
+for a large number of possible logical zone counts. The storage for the 60
+tree roots is allocated at format time. All other block map pages are
+allocated out of the slabs as needed. This flexible allocation avoids the
+need to pre-allocate space for the entire set of logical mappings and also
+makes growing the logical size of a vdo relatively easy.
+
+In operation, the block map maintains two caches. It is prohibitive to keep
+the entire leaf level of the trees in memory, so each logical zone
+maintains its own cache of leaf pages. The size of this cache is
+configurable at target start time. The second cache is allocated at start
+time, and is large enough to hold all the non-leaf pages of the entire
+block map. This cache is populated as pages are needed.
+
+*The Recovery Journal*
+
+The recovery journal is used to amortize updates across the block map and
+slab depot. Each write request causes an entry to be made in the journal.
+Entries are either "data remappings" or "block map remappings." For a data
+remapping, the journal records the logical address affected and its old and
+new physical mappings. For a block map remapping, the journal records the
+block map page number and the physical block allocated for it. Block map
+pages are never reclaimed or repurposed, so the old mapping is always 0.
+
+Each journal entry is an intent record summarizing the metadata updates
+that are required for a data_vio. The recovery journal issues a flush
+before each journal block write to ensure that the physical data for the
+new block mappings in that block are stable on storage, and journal block
+writes are all issued with the FUA bit set to ensure the recovery journal
+entries themselves are stable. The journal entry and the data write it
+represents must be stable on disk before the other metadata structures may
+be updated to reflect the operation. These entries allow the vdo device to
+reconstruct the logical to physical mappings after an unexpected
+interruption such as a loss of power.
+
+*Write Path*
+
+All write I/O to vdo is asynchronous. Each bio will be acknowledged as soon
+as vdo has done enough work to guarantee that it can complete the write
+eventually. Generally, the data for acknowledged but unflushed write I/O
+can be treated as though it is cached in memory. If an application
+requires data to be stable on storage, it must issue a flush or write the
+data with the FUA bit set like any other asynchronous I/O. Shutting down
+the vdo target will also flush any remaining I/O.
+
+Application write bios follow the steps outlined below.
+
+1. A data_vio is obtained from the data_vio pool and associated with the
+ application bio. If there are no data_vios available, the incoming bio
+ will block until a data_vio is available. This provides back pressure
+ to the application. The data_vio pool is protected by a spin lock.
+
+ The newly acquired data_vio is reset and the bio's data is copied into
+ the data_vio if it is a write and the data is not all zeroes. The data
+ must be copied because the application bio can be acknowledged before
+ the data_vio processing is complete, which means later processing steps
+ will no longer have access to the application bio. The application bio
+ may also be smaller than 4K, in which case the data_vio will have
+ already read the underlying block and the data is instead copied over
+ the relevant portion of the larger block.
+
+2. The data_vio places a claim (the "logical lock") on the logical address
+ of the bio. It is vital to prevent simultaneous modifications of the
+ same logical address, because deduplication involves sharing blocks.
+ This claim is implemented as an entry in a hashtable where the key is
+ the logical address and the value is a pointer to the data_vio
+ currently handling that address.
+
+ If a data_vio looks in the hashtable and finds that another data_vio is
+ already operating on that logical address, it waits until the previous
+ operation finishes. It also sends a message to inform the current
+ lock holder that it is waiting. Most notably, a new data_vio waiting
+ for a logical lock will flush the previous lock holder out of the
+ compression packer (step 8d) rather than allowing it to continue
+ waiting to be packed.
+
+ This stage requires the data_vio to get an implicit lock on the
+ appropriate logical zone to prevent concurrent modifications of the
+ hashtable. This implicit locking is handled by the zone divisions
+ described above.
+
+3. The data_vio traverses the block map tree to ensure that all the
+ necessary internal tree nodes have been allocated, by trying to find
+ the leaf page for its logical address. If any interior tree page is
+ missing, it is allocated at this time out of the same physical storage
+ pool used to store application data.
+
+ a. If any page-node in the tree has not yet been allocated, it must be
+ allocated before the write can continue. This step requires the
+ data_vio to lock the page-node that needs to be allocated. This
+ lock, like the logical block lock in step 2, is a hashtable entry
+ that causes other data_vios to wait for the allocation process to
+ complete.
+
+ The implicit logical zone lock is released while the allocation is
+ happening, in order to allow other operations in the same logical
+ zone to proceed. The details of allocation are the same as in
+ step 4. Once a new node has been allocated, that node is added to
+ the tree using a similar process to adding a new data block mapping.
+ The data_vio journals the intent to add the new node to the block
+ map tree (step 10), updates the reference count of the new block
+ (step 11), and reacquires the implicit logical zone lock to add the
+ new mapping to the parent tree node (step 12). Once the tree is
+ updated, the data_vio proceeds down the tree. Any other data_vios
+ waiting on this allocation also proceed.
+
+ b. In the steady-state case, the block map tree nodes will already be
+ allocated, so the data_vio just traverses the tree until it finds
+ the required leaf node. The location of the mapping (the "block map
+ slot") is recorded in the data_vio so that later steps do not need
+ to traverse the tree again. The data_vio then releases the implicit
+ logical zone lock.
+
+4. If the block is a zero block, skip to step 9. Otherwise, an attempt is
+ made to allocate a free data block. This allocation ensures that the
+ data_vio can write its data somewhere even if deduplication and
+ compression are not possible. This stage gets an implicit lock on a
+ physical zone to search for free space within that zone.
+
+ The data_vio will search each slab in a zone until it finds a free
+ block or decides there are none. If the first zone has no free space,
+ it will proceed to search the next physical zone by taking the implicit
+ lock for that zone and releasing the previous one until it finds a
+ free block or runs out of zones to search. The data_vio will acquire a
+ struct pbn_lock (the "physical block lock") on the free block. The
+ struct pbn_lock also has several fields to record the various kinds of
+ claims that data_vios can have on physical blocks. The pbn_lock is
+ added to a hashtable like the logical block locks in step 2. This
+ hashtable is also covered by the implicit physical zone lock. The
+ reference count of the free block is updated to prevent any other
+ data_vio from considering it free. The reference counters are a
+ sub-component of the slab and are thus also covered by the implicit
+ physical zone lock.
+
+5. If an allocation was obtained, the data_vio has all the resources it
+ needs to complete the write. The application bio can safely be
+ acknowledged at this point. The acknowledgment happens on a separate
+ thread to prevent the application callback from blocking other data_vio
+ operations.
+
+ If an allocation could not be obtained, the data_vio continues to
+ attempt to deduplicate or compress the data, but the bio is not
+ acknowledged because the vdo device may be out of space.
+
+6. At this point vdo must determine where to store the application data.
+ The data_vio's data is hashed and the hash (the "record name") is
+ recorded in the data_vio.
+
+7. The data_vio reserves or joins a struct hash_lock, which manages all of
+ the data_vios currently writing the same data. Active hash locks are
+ tracked in a hashtable similar to the way logical block locks are
+ tracked in step 2. This hashtable is covered by the implicit lock on
+ the hash zone.
+
+ If there is no existing hash lock for this data_vio's record_name, the
+ data_vio obtains a hash lock from the pool, adds it to the hashtable,
+ and sets itself as the new hash lock's "agent." The hash_lock pool is
+ also covered by the implicit hash zone lock. The hash lock agent will
+ do all the work to decide where the application data will be
+ written. If a hash lock for the data_vio's record_name already exists,
+ and the data_vio's data is the same as the agent's data, the new
+ data_vio will wait for the agent to complete its work and then share
+ its result.
+
+ In the rare case that a hash lock exists for the data_vio's hash but
+ the data does not match the hash lock's agent, the data_vio skips to
+ step 8h and attempts to write its data directly. This can happen if two
+ different data blocks produce the same hash, for example.
+
+8. The hash lock agent attempts to deduplicate or compress its data with
+ the following steps.
+
+ a. The agent initializes and sends its embedded deduplication request
+ (struct uds_request) to the deduplication index. This does not
+ require the data_vio to get any locks because the index components
+ manage their own locking. The data_vio waits until it either gets a
+ response from the index or times out.
+
+ b. If the deduplication index returns advice, the data_vio attempts to
+ obtain a physical block lock on the indicated physical address, in
+ order to read the data and verify that it is the same as the
+ data_vio's data, and that it can accept more references. If the
+ physical address is already locked by another data_vio, the data at
+ that address may soon be overwritten so it is not safe to use the
+ address for deduplication.
+
+ c. If the data matches and the physical block can add references, the
+ agent and any other data_vios waiting on it will record this
+ physical block as their new physical address and proceed to step 9
+ to record their new mapping. If there are more data_vios in the hash
+ lock than there are references available, one of the remaining
+ data_vios becomes the new agent and continues to step 8d as if no
+ valid advice was returned.
+
+ d. If no usable duplicate block was found, the agent first checks that
+ it has an allocated physical block (from step 3) that it can write
+ to. If the agent does not have an allocation, some other data_vio in
+ the hash lock that does have an allocation takes over as agent. If
+ none of the data_vios have an allocated physical block, these writes
+ are out of space, so they proceed to step 13 for cleanup.
+
+ e. The agent attempts to compress its data. If the data does not
+ compress, the data_vio will continue to step 8h to write its data
+ directly.
+
+ If the compressed size is small enough, the agent will release the
+ implicit hash zone lock and go to the packer (struct packer) where
+ it will be placed in a bin (struct packer_bin) along with other
+ data_vios. All compression operations require the implicit lock on
+ the packer zone.
+
+ The packer can combine up to 14 compressed blocks in a single 4k
+ data block. Compression is only helpful if vdo can pack at least 2
+ data_vios into a single data block. This means that a data_vio may
+ wait in the packer for an arbitrarily long time for other data_vios
+ to fill out the compressed block. There is a mechanism for vdo to
+ evict waiting data_vios when continuing to wait would cause
+ problems. Circumstances causing an eviction include an application
+ flush, device shutdown, or a subsequent data_vio trying to overwrite
+ the same logical block address. A data_vio may also be evicted from
+ the packer if it cannot be paired with any other compressed block
+ before more compressible blocks need to use its bin. An evicted
+ data_vio will proceed to step 8h to write its data directly.
+
+ f. If the agent fills a packer bin, either because all 14 of its slots
+ are used or because it has no remaining space, it is written out
+ using the allocated physical block from one of its data_vios. Step
+ 8d has already ensured that an allocation is available.
+
+ g. Each data_vio sets the compressed block as its new physical address.
+ The data_vio obtains an implicit lock on the physical zone and
+ acquires the struct pbn_lock for the compressed block, which is
+ modified to be a shared lock. Then it releases the implicit physical
+ zone lock and proceeds to step 8i.
+
+ h. Any data_vio evicted from the packer will have an allocation from
+ step 3. It will write its data to that allocated physical block.
+
+ i. After the data is written, if the data_vio is the agent of a hash
+ lock, it will reacquire the implicit hash zone lock and share its
+ physical address with as many other data_vios in the hash lock as
+ possible. Each data_vio will then proceed to step 9 to record its
+ new mapping.
+
+ j. If the agent actually wrote new data (whether compressed or not),
+ the deduplication index is updated to reflect the location of the
+ new data. The agent then releases the implicit hash zone lock.
+
+9. The data_vio determines the previous mapping of the logical address.
+ There is a cache for block map leaf pages (the "block map cache"),
+ because there are usually too many block map leaf nodes to store
+ entirely in memory. If the desired leaf page is not in the cache, the
+ data_vio will reserve a slot in the cache and load the desired page
+ into it, possibly evicting an older cached page. The data_vio then
+ finds the current physical address for this logical address (the "old
+ physical mapping"), if any, and records it. This step requires a lock
+ on the block map cache structures, covered by the implicit logical zone
+ lock.
+
+10. The data_vio makes an entry in the recovery journal containing the
+ logical block address, the old physical mapping, and the new physical
+ mapping. Making this journal entry requires holding the implicit
+ recovery journal lock. The data_vio will wait in the journal until all
+ recovery blocks up to the one containing its entry have been written
+ and flushed to ensure the transaction is stable on storage.
+
+11. Once the recovery journal entry is stable, the data_vio makes two slab
+ journal entries: an increment entry for the new mapping, and a
+ decrement entry for the old mapping. These two operations each require
+ holding a lock on the affected physical slab, covered by its implicit
+ physical zone lock. For correctness during recovery, the slab journal
+ entries in any given slab journal must be in the same order as the
+ corresponding recovery journal entries. Therefore, if the two entries
+ are in different zones, they are made concurrently, and if they are in
+ the same zone, the increment is always made before the decrement in
+ order to avoid underflow. After each slab journal entry is made in
+ memory, the associated reference count is also updated in memory.
+
+12. Once both of the reference count updates are done, the data_vio
+ acquires the implicit logical zone lock and updates the
+ logical-to-physical mapping in the block map to point to the new
+ physical block. At this point the write operation is complete.
+
+13. If the data_vio has a hash lock, it acquires the implicit hash zone
+ lock and releases its hash lock to the pool.
+
+ The data_vio then acquires the implicit physical zone lock and releases
+ the struct pbn_lock it holds for its allocated block. If it had an
+ allocation that it did not use, it also sets the reference count for
+ that block back to zero to free it for use by subsequent data_vios.
+
+ The data_vio then acquires the implicit logical zone lock and releases
+ the logical block lock acquired in step 2.
+
+ The application bio is then acknowledged if it has not previously been
+ acknowledged, and the data_vio is returned to the pool.
+
+*Read Path*
+
+An application read bio follows a much simpler set of steps. It does steps
+1 and 2 in the write path to obtain a data_vio and lock its logical
+address. If there is already a write data_vio in progress for that logical
+address that is guaranteed to complete, the read data_vio will copy the
+data from the write data_vio and return it. Otherwise, it will look up the
+logical-to-physical mapping by traversing the block map tree as in step 3,
+and then read and possibly decompress the indicated data at the indicated
+physical block address. A read data_vio will not allocate block map tree
+nodes if they are missing. If the interior block map nodes do not exist
+yet, the logical block map address must still be unmapped and the read
+data_vio will return all zeroes. A read data_vio handles cleanup and
+acknowledgment as in step 13, although it only needs to release the logical
+lock and return itself to the pool.
+
+*Small Writes*
+
+All storage within vdo is managed as 4KB blocks, but it can accept writes
+as small as 512 bytes. Processing a write that is smaller than 4K requires
+a read-modify-write operation that reads the relevant 4K block, copies the
+new data over the appropriate sectors of the block, and then launches a
+write operation for the modified data block. The read and write stages of
+this operation are nearly identical to the normal read and write
+operations, and a single data_vio is used throughout this operation.
+
+*Recovery*
+
+When a vdo is restarted after a crash, it will attempt to recover from the
+recovery journal. During the pre-resume phase of the next start, the
+recovery journal is read. The increment portion of valid entries are played
+into the block map. Next, valid entries are played, in order as required,
+into the slab journals. Finally, each physical zone attempts to replay at
+least one slab journal to reconstruct the reference counts of one slab.
+Once each zone has some free space (or has determined that it has none),
+the vdo comes back online, while the remainder of the slab journals are
+used to reconstruct the rest of the reference counts in the background.
+
+*Read-only Rebuild*
+
+If a vdo encounters an unrecoverable error, it will enter read-only mode.
+This mode indicates that some previously acknowledged data may have been
+lost. The vdo may be instructed to rebuild as best it can in order to
+return to a writable state. However, this is never done automatically due
+to the possibility that data has been lost. During a read-only rebuild, the
+block map is recovered from the recovery journal as before. However, the
+reference counts are not rebuilt from the slab journals. Instead, the
+reference counts are zeroed, the entire block map is traversed, and the
+reference counts are updated from the block mappings. While this may lose
+some data, it ensures that the block map and reference counts are
+consistent with each other. This allows vdo to resume normal operation and
+accept further writes.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/vdo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/vdo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8a67b320a97b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/vdo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+======
+dm-vdo
+======
+
+The dm-vdo (virtual data optimizer) device mapper target provides
+block-level deduplication, compression, and thin provisioning. As a device
+mapper target, it can add these features to the storage stack, compatible
+with any file system. The vdo target does not protect against data
+corruption, relying instead on integrity protection of the storage below
+it. It is strongly recommended that lvm be used to manage vdo volumes. See
+lvmvdo(7).
+
+Userspace component
+===================
+
+Formatting a vdo volume requires the use of the 'vdoformat' tool, available
+at:
+
+https://github.com/dm-vdo/vdo/
+
+In most cases, a vdo target will recover from a crash automatically the
+next time it is started. In cases where it encountered an unrecoverable
+error (either during normal operation or crash recovery) the target will
+enter or come up in read-only mode. Because read-only mode is indicative of
+data-loss, a positive action must be taken to bring vdo out of read-only
+mode. The 'vdoforcerebuild' tool, available from the same repo, is used to
+prepare a read-only vdo to exit read-only mode. After running this tool,
+the vdo target will rebuild its metadata the next time it is
+started. Although some data may be lost, the rebuilt vdo's metadata will be
+internally consistent and the target will be writable again.
+
+The repo also contains additional userspace tools which can be used to
+inspect a vdo target's on-disk metadata. Fortunately, these tools are
+rarely needed except by dm-vdo developers.
+
+Metadata requirements
+=====================
+
+Each vdo volume reserves 3GB of space for metadata, or more depending on
+its configuration. It is helpful to check that the space saved by
+deduplication and compression is not cancelled out by the metadata
+requirements. An estimation of the space saved for a specific dataset can
+be computed with the vdo estimator tool, which is available at:
+
+https://github.com/dm-vdo/vdoestimator/
+
+Target interface
+================
+
+Table line
+----------
+
+::
+
+ <offset> <logical device size> vdo V4 <storage device>
+ <storage device size> <minimum I/O size> <block map cache size>
+ <block map era length> [optional arguments]
+
+
+Required parameters:
+
+ offset:
+ The offset, in sectors, at which the vdo volume's logical
+ space begins.
+
+ logical device size:
+ The size of the device which the vdo volume will service,
+ in sectors. Must match the current logical size of the vdo
+ volume.
+
+ storage device:
+ The device holding the vdo volume's data and metadata.
+
+ storage device size:
+ The size of the device holding the vdo volume, as a number
+ of 4096-byte blocks. Must match the current size of the vdo
+ volume.
+
+ minimum I/O size:
+ The minimum I/O size for this vdo volume to accept, in
+ bytes. Valid values are 512 or 4096. The recommended value
+ is 4096.
+
+ block map cache size:
+ The size of the block map cache, as a number of 4096-byte
+ blocks. The minimum and recommended value is 32768 blocks.
+ If the logical thread count is non-zero, the cache size
+ must be at least 4096 blocks per logical thread.
+
+ block map era length:
+ The speed with which the block map cache writes out
+ modified block map pages. A smaller era length is likely to
+ reduce the amount of time spent rebuilding, at the cost of
+ increased block map writes during normal operation. The
+ maximum and recommended value is 16380; the minimum value
+ is 1.
+
+Optional parameters:
+--------------------
+Some or all of these parameters may be specified as <key> <value> pairs.
+
+Thread related parameters:
+
+Different categories of work are assigned to separate thread groups, and
+the number of threads in each group can be configured separately.
+
+If <hash>, <logical>, and <physical> are all set to 0, the work handled by
+all three thread types will be handled by a single thread. If any of these
+values are non-zero, all of them must be non-zero.
+
+ ack:
+ The number of threads used to complete bios. Since
+ completing a bio calls an arbitrary completion function
+ outside the vdo volume, threads of this type allow the vdo
+ volume to continue processing requests even when bio
+ completion is slow. The default is 1.
+
+ bio:
+ The number of threads used to issue bios to the underlying
+ storage. Threads of this type allow the vdo volume to
+ continue processing requests even when bio submission is
+ slow. The default is 4.
+
+ bioRotationInterval:
+ The number of bios to enqueue on each bio thread before
+ switching to the next thread. The value must be greater
+ than 0 and not more than 1024; the default is 64.
+
+ cpu:
+ The number of threads used to do CPU-intensive work, such
+ as hashing and compression. The default is 1.
+
+ hash:
+ The number of threads used to manage data comparisons for
+ deduplication based on the hash value of data blocks. The
+ default is 0.
+
+ logical:
+ The number of threads used to manage caching and locking
+ based on the logical address of incoming bios. The default
+ is 0; the maximum is 60.
+
+ physical:
+ The number of threads used to manage administration of the
+ underlying storage device. At format time, a slab size for
+ the vdo is chosen; the vdo storage device must be large
+ enough to have at least 1 slab per physical thread. The
+ default is 0; the maximum is 16.
+
+Miscellaneous parameters:
+
+ maxDiscard:
+ The maximum size of discard bio accepted, in 4096-byte
+ blocks. I/O requests to a vdo volume are normally split
+ into 4096-byte blocks, and processed up to 2048 at a time.
+ However, discard requests to a vdo volume can be
+ automatically split to a larger size, up to <maxDiscard>
+ 4096-byte blocks in a single bio, and are limited to 1500
+ at a time. Increasing this value may provide better overall
+ performance, at the cost of increased latency for the
+ individual discard requests. The default and minimum is 1;
+ the maximum is UINT_MAX / 4096.
+
+ deduplication:
+ Whether deduplication is enabled. The default is 'on'; the
+ acceptable values are 'on' and 'off'.
+
+ compression:
+ Whether compression is enabled. The default is 'off'; the
+ acceptable values are 'on' and 'off'.
+
+Device modification
+-------------------
+
+A modified table may be loaded into a running, non-suspended vdo volume.
+The modifications will take effect when the device is next resumed. The
+modifiable parameters are <logical device size>, <physical device size>,
+<maxDiscard>, <compression>, and <deduplication>.
+
+If the logical device size or physical device size are changed, upon
+successful resume vdo will store the new values and require them on future
+startups. These two parameters may not be decreased. The logical device
+size may not exceed 4 PB. The physical device size must increase by at
+least 32832 4096-byte blocks if at all, and must not exceed the size of the
+underlying storage device. Additionally, when formatting the vdo device, a
+slab size is chosen: the physical device size may never increase above the
+size which provides 8192 slabs, and each increase must be large enough to
+add at least one new slab.
+
+Examples:
+
+Start a previously-formatted vdo volume with 1 GB logical space and 1 GB
+physical space, storing to /dev/dm-1 which has more than 1 GB of space.
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup create vdo0 --table \
+ "0 2097152 vdo V4 /dev/dm-1 262144 4096 32768 16380"
+
+Grow the logical size to 4 GB.
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup reload vdo0 --table \
+ "0 8388608 vdo V4 /dev/dm-1 262144 4096 32768 16380"
+ dmsetup resume vdo0
+
+Grow the physical size to 2 GB.
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup reload vdo0 --table \
+ "0 8388608 vdo V4 /dev/dm-1 524288 4096 32768 16380"
+ dmsetup resume vdo0
+
+Grow the physical size by 1 GB more and increase max discard sectors.
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup reload vdo0 --table \
+ "0 10485760 vdo V4 /dev/dm-1 786432 4096 32768 16380 maxDiscard 8"
+ dmsetup resume vdo0
+
+Stop the vdo volume.
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup remove vdo0
+
+Start the vdo volume again. Note that the logical and physical device sizes
+must still match, but other parameters can change.
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup create vdo1 --table \
+ "0 10485760 vdo V4 /dev/dm-1 786432 512 65550 5000 hash 1 logical 3 physical 2"
+
+Messages
+--------
+All vdo devices accept messages in the form:
+
+::
+
+ dmsetup message <target-name> 0 <message-name> <message-parameters>
+
+The messages are:
+
+ stats:
+ Outputs the current view of the vdo statistics. Mostly used
+ by the vdostats userspace program to interpret the output
+ buffer.
+
+ config:
+ Outputs useful vdo configuration information. Mostly used
+ by users who want to recreate a similar VDO volume and
+ want to know the creation configuration used.
+
+ dump:
+ Dumps many internal structures to the system log. This is
+ not always safe to run, so it should only be used to debug
+ a hung vdo. Optional parameters to specify structures to
+ dump are:
+
+ viopool: The pool of I/O requests incoming bios
+ pools: A synonym of 'viopool'
+ vdo: Most of the structures managing on-disk data
+ queues: Basic information about each vdo thread
+ threads: A synonym of 'queues'
+ default: Equivalent to 'queues vdo'
+ all: All of the above.
+
+ dump-on-shutdown:
+ Perform a default dump next time vdo shuts down.
+
+
+Status
+------
+
+::
+
+ <device> <operating mode> <in recovery> <index state>
+ <compression state> <physical blocks used> <total physical blocks>
+
+ device:
+ The name of the vdo volume.
+
+ operating mode:
+ The current operating mode of the vdo volume; values may be
+ 'normal', 'recovering' (the volume has detected an issue
+ with its metadata and is attempting to repair itself), and
+ 'read-only' (an error has occurred that forces the vdo
+ volume to only support read operations and not writes).
+
+ in recovery:
+ Whether the vdo volume is currently in recovery mode;
+ values may be 'recovering' or '-' which indicates not
+ recovering.
+
+ index state:
+ The current state of the deduplication index in the vdo
+ volume; values may be 'closed', 'closing', 'error',
+ 'offline', 'online', 'opening', and 'unknown'.
+
+ compression state:
+ The current state of compression in the vdo volume; values
+ may be 'offline' and 'online'.
+
+ used physical blocks:
+ The number of physical blocks in use by the vdo volume.
+
+ total physical blocks:
+ The total number of physical blocks the vdo volume may use;
+ the difference between this value and the
+ <used physical blocks> is the number of blocks the vdo
+ volume has left before being full.
+
+Memory Requirements
+===================
+
+A vdo target requires a fixed 38 MB of RAM along with the following amounts
+that scale with the target:
+
+- 1.15 MB of RAM for each 1 MB of configured block map cache size. The
+ block map cache requires a minimum of 150 MB.
+- 1.6 MB of RAM for each 1 TB of logical space.
+- 268 MB of RAM for each 1 TB of physical storage managed by the volume.
+
+The deduplication index requires additional memory which scales with the
+size of the deduplication window. For dense indexes, the index requires 1
+GB of RAM per 1 TB of window. For sparse indexes, the index requires 1 GB
+of RAM per 10 TB of window. The index configuration is set when the target
+is formatted and may not be modified.
+
+Module Parameters
+=================
+
+The vdo driver has a numeric parameter 'log_level' which controls the
+verbosity of logging from the driver. The default setting is 6
+(LOGLEVEL_INFO and more severe messages).
+
+Run-time Usage
+==============
+
+When using dm-vdo, it is important to be aware of the ways in which its
+behavior differs from other storage targets.
+
+- There is no guarantee that over-writes of existing blocks will succeed.
+ Because the underlying storage may be multiply referenced, over-writing
+ an existing block generally requires a vdo to have a free block
+ available.
+
+- When blocks are no longer in use, sending a discard request for those
+ blocks lets the vdo release references for those blocks. If the vdo is
+ thinly provisioned, discarding unused blocks is essential to prevent the
+ target from running out of space. However, due to the sharing of
+ duplicate blocks, no discard request for any given logical block is
+ guaranteed to reclaim space.
+
+- Assuming the underlying storage properly implements flush requests, vdo
+ is resilient against crashes, however, unflushed writes may or may not
+ persist after a crash.
+
+- Each write to a vdo target entails a significant amount of processing.
+ However, much of the work is paralellizable. Therefore, vdo targets
+ achieve better throughput at higher I/O depths, and can support up 2048
+ requests in parallel.
+
+Tuning
+======
+
+The vdo device has many options, and it can be difficult to make optimal
+choices without perfect knowledge of the workload. Additionally, most
+configuration options must be set when a vdo target is started, and cannot
+be changed without shutting it down completely; the configuration cannot be
+changed while the target is active. Ideally, tuning with simulated
+workloads should be performed before deploying vdo in production
+environments.
+
+The most important value to adjust is the block map cache size. In order to
+service a request for any logical address, a vdo must load the portion of
+the block map which holds the relevant mapping. These mappings are cached.
+Performance will suffer when the working set does not fit in the cache. By
+default, a vdo allocates 128 MB of metadata cache in RAM to support
+efficient access to 100 GB of logical space at a time. It should be scaled
+up proportionally for larger working sets.
+
+The logical and physical thread counts should also be adjusted. A logical
+thread controls a disjoint section of the block map, so additional logical
+threads increase parallelism and can increase throughput. Physical threads
+control a disjoint section of the data blocks, so additional physical
+threads can also increase throughput. However, excess threads can waste
+resources and increase contention.
+
+Bio submission threads control the parallelism involved in sending I/O to
+the underlying storage; fewer threads mean there is more opportunity to
+reorder I/O requests for performance benefit, but also that each I/O
+request has to wait longer before being submitted.
+
+Bio acknowledgment threads are used for finishing I/O requests. This is
+done on dedicated threads since the amount of work required to execute a
+bio's callback can not be controlled by the vdo itself. Usually one thread
+is sufficient but additional threads may be beneficial, particularly when
+bios have CPU-heavy callbacks.
+
+CPU threads are used for hashing and for compression; in workloads with
+compression enabled, more threads may result in higher throughput.
+
+Hash threads are used to sort active requests by hash and determine whether
+they should deduplicate; the most CPU intensive actions done by these
+threads are comparison of 4096-byte data blocks. In most cases, a single
+hash thread is sufficient.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/verity.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/verity.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8c3f1f967a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/verity.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+=========
+dm-verity
+=========
+
+Device-Mapper's "verity" target provides transparent integrity checking of
+block devices using a cryptographic digest provided by the kernel crypto API.
+This target is read-only.
+
+Construction Parameters
+=======================
+
+::
+
+ <version> <dev> <hash_dev>
+ <data_block_size> <hash_block_size>
+ <num_data_blocks> <hash_start_block>
+ <algorithm> <digest> <salt>
+ [<#opt_params> <opt_params>]
+
+<version>
+ This is the type of the on-disk hash format.
+
+ 0 is the original format used in the Chromium OS.
+ The salt is appended when hashing, digests are stored continuously and
+ the rest of the block is padded with zeroes.
+
+ 1 is the current format that should be used for new devices.
+ The salt is prepended when hashing and each digest is
+ padded with zeroes to the power of two.
+
+<dev>
+ This is the device containing data, the integrity of which needs to be
+ checked. It may be specified as a path, like /dev/sdaX, or a device number,
+ <major>:<minor>.
+
+<hash_dev>
+ This is the device that supplies the hash tree data. It may be
+ specified similarly to the device path and may be the same device. If the
+ same device is used, the hash_start should be outside the configured
+ dm-verity device.
+
+<data_block_size>
+ The block size on a data device in bytes.
+ Each block corresponds to one digest on the hash device.
+
+<hash_block_size>
+ The size of a hash block in bytes.
+
+<num_data_blocks>
+ The number of data blocks on the data device. Additional blocks are
+ inaccessible. You can place hashes to the same partition as data, in this
+ case hashes are placed after <num_data_blocks>.
+
+<hash_start_block>
+ This is the offset, in <hash_block_size>-blocks, from the start of hash_dev
+ to the root block of the hash tree.
+
+<algorithm>
+ The cryptographic hash algorithm used for this device. This should
+ be the name of the algorithm, like "sha1".
+
+<digest>
+ The hexadecimal encoding of the cryptographic hash of the root hash block
+ and the salt. This hash should be trusted as there is no other authenticity
+ beyond this point.
+
+<salt>
+ The hexadecimal encoding of the salt value.
+
+<#opt_params>
+ Number of optional parameters. If there are no optional parameters,
+ the optional parameters section can be skipped or #opt_params can be zero.
+ Otherwise #opt_params is the number of following arguments.
+
+ Example of optional parameters section:
+ 1 ignore_corruption
+
+ignore_corruption
+ Log corrupted blocks, but allow read operations to proceed normally.
+
+restart_on_corruption
+ Restart the system when a corrupted block is discovered. This option is
+ not compatible with ignore_corruption and requires user space support to
+ avoid restart loops.
+
+panic_on_corruption
+ Panic the device when a corrupted block is discovered. This option is
+ not compatible with ignore_corruption and restart_on_corruption.
+
+restart_on_error
+ Restart the system when an I/O error is detected.
+ This option can be combined with the restart_on_corruption option.
+
+panic_on_error
+ Panic the device when an I/O error is detected. This option is
+ not compatible with the restart_on_error option but can be combined
+ with the panic_on_corruption option.
+
+ignore_zero_blocks
+ Do not verify blocks that are expected to contain zeroes and always return
+ zeroes instead. This may be useful if the partition contains unused blocks
+ that are not guaranteed to contain zeroes.
+
+use_fec_from_device <fec_dev>
+ Use forward error correction (FEC) to recover from corruption if hash
+ verification fails. Use encoding data from the specified device. This
+ may be the same device where data and hash blocks reside, in which case
+ fec_start must be outside data and hash areas.
+
+ If the encoding data covers additional metadata, it must be accessible
+ on the hash device after the hash blocks.
+
+ Note: block sizes for data and hash devices must match. Also, if the
+ verity <dev> is encrypted the <fec_dev> should be too.
+
+fec_roots <num>
+ Number of generator roots. This equals to the number of parity bytes in
+ the encoding data. For example, in RS(M, N) encoding, the number of roots
+ is M-N.
+
+fec_blocks <num>
+ The number of encoding data blocks on the FEC device. The block size for
+ the FEC device is <data_block_size>.
+
+fec_start <offset>
+ This is the offset, in <data_block_size> blocks, from the start of the
+ FEC device to the beginning of the encoding data.
+
+check_at_most_once
+ Verify data blocks only the first time they are read from the data device,
+ rather than every time. This reduces the overhead of dm-verity so that it
+ can be used on systems that are memory and/or CPU constrained. However, it
+ provides a reduced level of security because only offline tampering of the
+ data device's content will be detected, not online tampering.
+
+ Hash blocks are still verified each time they are read from the hash device,
+ since verification of hash blocks is less performance critical than data
+ blocks, and a hash block will not be verified any more after all the data
+ blocks it covers have been verified anyway.
+
+root_hash_sig_key_desc <key_description>
+ This is the description of the USER_KEY that the kernel will lookup to get
+ the pkcs7 signature of the roothash. The pkcs7 signature is used to validate
+ the root hash during the creation of the device mapper block device.
+ Verification of roothash depends on the config DM_VERITY_VERIFY_ROOTHASH_SIG
+ being set in the kernel. The signatures are checked against the builtin
+ trusted keyring by default, or the secondary trusted keyring if
+ DM_VERITY_VERIFY_ROOTHASH_SIG_SECONDARY_KEYRING is set. The secondary
+ trusted keyring includes by default the builtin trusted keyring, and it can
+ also gain new certificates at run time if they are signed by a certificate
+ already in the secondary trusted keyring.
+
+try_verify_in_tasklet
+ If verity hashes are in cache and the IO size does not exceed the limit,
+ verify data blocks in bottom half instead of workqueue. This option can
+ reduce IO latency. The size limits can be configured via
+ /sys/module/dm_verity/parameters/use_bh_bytes. The four parameters
+ correspond to limits for IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE, IOPRIO_CLASS_RT,
+ IOPRIO_CLASS_BE and IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE in turn.
+ For example:
+ <none>,<rt>,<be>,<idle>
+ 4096,4096,4096,4096
+
+Theory of operation
+===================
+
+dm-verity is meant to be set up as part of a verified boot path. This
+may be anything ranging from a boot using tboot or trustedgrub to just
+booting from a known-good device (like a USB drive or CD).
+
+When a dm-verity device is configured, it is expected that the caller
+has been authenticated in some way (cryptographic signatures, etc).
+After instantiation, all hashes will be verified on-demand during
+disk access. If they cannot be verified up to the root node of the
+tree, the root hash, then the I/O will fail. This should detect
+tampering with any data on the device and the hash data.
+
+Cryptographic hashes are used to assert the integrity of the device on a
+per-block basis. This allows for a lightweight hash computation on first read
+into the page cache. Block hashes are stored linearly, aligned to the nearest
+block size.
+
+If forward error correction (FEC) support is enabled any recovery of
+corrupted data will be verified using the cryptographic hash of the
+corresponding data. This is why combining error correction with
+integrity checking is essential.
+
+Hash Tree
+---------
+
+Each node in the tree is a cryptographic hash. If it is a leaf node, the hash
+of some data block on disk is calculated. If it is an intermediary node,
+the hash of a number of child nodes is calculated.
+
+Each entry in the tree is a collection of neighboring nodes that fit in one
+block. The number is determined based on block_size and the size of the
+selected cryptographic digest algorithm. The hashes are linearly-ordered in
+this entry and any unaligned trailing space is ignored but included when
+calculating the parent node.
+
+The tree looks something like:
+
+ alg = sha256, num_blocks = 32768, block_size = 4096
+
+::
+
+ [ root ]
+ / . . . \
+ [entry_0] [entry_1]
+ / . . . \ . . . \
+ [entry_0_0] . . . [entry_0_127] . . . . [entry_1_127]
+ / ... \ / . . . \ / \
+ blk_0 ... blk_127 blk_16256 blk_16383 blk_32640 . . . blk_32767
+
+
+On-disk format
+==============
+
+The verity kernel code does not read the verity metadata on-disk header.
+It only reads the hash blocks which directly follow the header.
+It is expected that a user-space tool will verify the integrity of the
+verity header.
+
+Alternatively, the header can be omitted and the dmsetup parameters can
+be passed via the kernel command-line in a rooted chain of trust where
+the command-line is verified.
+
+Directly following the header (and with sector number padded to the next hash
+block boundary) are the hash blocks which are stored a depth at a time
+(starting from the root), sorted in order of increasing index.
+
+The full specification of kernel parameters and on-disk metadata format
+is available at the cryptsetup project's wiki page
+
+ https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/DMVerity
+
+Status
+======
+V (for Valid) is returned if every check performed so far was valid.
+If any check failed, C (for Corruption) is returned.
+
+Example
+=======
+Set up a device::
+
+ # dmsetup create vroot --readonly --table \
+ "0 2097152 verity 1 /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 4096 4096 262144 1 sha256 "\
+ "4392712ba01368efdf14b05c76f9e4df0d53664630b5d48632ed17a137f39076 "\
+ "1234000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+
+A command line tool veritysetup is available to compute or verify
+the hash tree or activate the kernel device. This is available from
+the cryptsetup upstream repository https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/
+(as a libcryptsetup extension).
+
+Create hash on the device::
+
+ # veritysetup format /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2
+ ...
+ Root hash: 4392712ba01368efdf14b05c76f9e4df0d53664630b5d48632ed17a137f39076
+
+Activate the device::
+
+ # veritysetup create vroot /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 \
+ 4392712ba01368efdf14b05c76f9e4df0d53664630b5d48632ed17a137f39076
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/writecache.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/writecache.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..60c16b7fd5ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/writecache.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+=================
+Writecache target
+=================
+
+The writecache target caches writes on persistent memory or on SSD. It
+doesn't cache reads because reads are supposed to be cached in page cache
+in normal RAM.
+
+When the device is constructed, the first sector should be zeroed or the
+first sector should contain valid superblock from previous invocation.
+
+Constructor parameters:
+
+1. type of the cache device - "p" or "s"
+ - p - persistent memory
+ - s - SSD
+2. the underlying device that will be cached
+3. the cache device
+4. block size (4096 is recommended; the maximum block size is the page
+ size)
+5. the number of optional parameters (the parameters with an argument
+ count as two)
+
+ start_sector n (default: 0)
+ offset from the start of cache device in 512-byte sectors
+ high_watermark n (default: 50)
+ start writeback when the number of used blocks reach this
+ watermark
+ low_watermark x (default: 45)
+ stop writeback when the number of used blocks drops below
+ this watermark
+ writeback_jobs n (default: unlimited)
+ limit the number of blocks that are in flight during
+ writeback. Setting this value reduces writeback
+ throughput, but it may improve latency of read requests
+ autocommit_blocks n (default: 64 for pmem, 65536 for ssd)
+ when the application writes this amount of blocks without
+ issuing the FLUSH request, the blocks are automatically
+ committed
+ autocommit_time ms (default: 1000)
+ autocommit time in milliseconds. The data is automatically
+ committed if this time passes and no FLUSH request is
+ received
+ fua (by default on)
+ applicable only to persistent memory - use the FUA flag
+ when writing data from persistent memory back to the
+ underlying device
+ nofua
+ applicable only to persistent memory - don't use the FUA
+ flag when writing back data and send the FLUSH request
+ afterwards
+
+ - some underlying devices perform better with fua, some
+ with nofua. The user should test it
+ cleaner
+ when this option is activated (either in the constructor
+ arguments or by a message), the cache will not promote
+ new writes (however, writes to already cached blocks are
+ promoted, to avoid data corruption due to misordered
+ writes) and it will gradually writeback any cached
+ data. The userspace can then monitor the cleaning
+ process with "dmsetup status". When the number of cached
+ blocks drops to zero, userspace can unload the
+ dm-writecache target and replace it with dm-linear or
+ other targets.
+ max_age n
+ specifies the maximum age of a block in milliseconds. If
+ a block is stored in the cache for too long, it will be
+ written to the underlying device and cleaned up.
+ metadata_only
+ only metadata is promoted to the cache. This option
+ improves performance for heavier REQ_META workloads.
+ pause_writeback n (default: 3000)
+ pause writeback if there was some write I/O redirected to
+ the origin volume in the last n milliseconds
+
+Status:
+
+1. error indicator - 0 if there was no error, otherwise error number
+2. the number of blocks
+3. the number of free blocks
+4. the number of blocks under writeback
+5. the number of read blocks
+6. the number of read blocks that hit the cache
+7. the number of write blocks
+8. the number of write blocks that hit uncommitted block
+9. the number of write blocks that hit committed block
+10. the number of write blocks that bypass the cache
+11. the number of write blocks that are allocated in the cache
+12. the number of write requests that are blocked on the freelist
+13. the number of flush requests
+14. the number of discarded blocks
+
+Messages:
+ flush
+ Flush the cache device. The message returns successfully
+ if the cache device was flushed without an error
+ flush_on_suspend
+ Flush the cache device on next suspend. Use this message
+ when you are going to remove the cache device. The proper
+ sequence for removing the cache device is:
+
+ 1. send the "flush_on_suspend" message
+ 2. load an inactive table with a linear target that maps
+ to the underlying device
+ 3. suspend the device
+ 4. ask for status and verify that there are no errors
+ 5. resume the device, so that it will use the linear
+ target
+ 6. the cache device is now inactive and it can be deleted
+ cleaner
+ See above "cleaner" constructor documentation.
+ clear_stats
+ Clear the statistics that are reported on the status line
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/zero.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/zero.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11fb5cf4597c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/zero.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+=======
+dm-zero
+=======
+
+Device-Mapper's "zero" target provides a block-device that always returns
+zero'd data on reads and silently drops writes. This is similar behavior to
+/dev/zero, but as a block-device instead of a character-device.
+
+Dm-zero has no target-specific parameters.
+
+One very interesting use of dm-zero is for creating "sparse" devices in
+conjunction with dm-snapshot. A sparse device reports a device-size larger
+than the amount of actual storage space available for that device. A user can
+write data anywhere within the sparse device and read it back like a normal
+device. Reads to previously unwritten areas will return a zero'd buffer. When
+enough data has been written to fill up the actual storage space, the sparse
+device is deactivated. This can be very useful for testing device and
+filesystem limitations.
+
+To create a sparse device, start by creating a dm-zero device that's the
+desired size of the sparse device. For this example, we'll assume a 10TB
+sparse device::
+
+ TEN_TERABYTES=`expr 10 \* 1024 \* 1024 \* 1024 \* 2` # 10 TB in sectors
+ echo "0 $TEN_TERABYTES zero" | dmsetup create zero1
+
+Then create a snapshot of the zero device, using any available block-device as
+the COW device. The size of the COW device will determine the amount of real
+space available to the sparse device. For this example, we'll assume /dev/sdb1
+is an available 10GB partition::
+
+ echo "0 $TEN_TERABYTES snapshot /dev/mapper/zero1 /dev/sdb1 p 128" | \
+ dmsetup create sparse1
+
+This will create a 10TB sparse device called /dev/mapper/sparse1 that has
+10GB of actual storage space available. If more than 10GB of data is written
+to this device, it will start returning I/O errors.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e3776d77374b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+.. _admin_devices:
+
+Linux allocated devices (4.x+ version)
+======================================
+
+This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated
+device numbers and ``/dev`` directory nodes for the Linux operating
+system.
+
+The version of this document at lanana.org is no longer maintained. This
+version in the mainline Linux kernel is the master document. Updates
+shall be sent as patches to the kernel maintainers (see the
+:ref:`Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst <submittingpatches>` document).
+Specifically explore the sections titled "CHAR and MISC DRIVERS", and
+"BLOCK LAYER" in the MAINTAINERS file to find the right maintainers
+to involve for character and block devices.
+
+This document is included by reference into the Filesystem Hierarchy
+Standard (FHS). The FHS is available from https://www.pathname.com/fhs/.
+
+Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga
+platform only. Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on
+the Atari platform only.
+
+This document is in the public domain. The authors requests, however,
+that semantically altered versions are not distributed without
+permission of the authors, assuming the authors can be contacted without
+an unreasonable effort.
+
+
+.. attention::
+
+ DEVICE DRIVERS AUTHORS PLEASE READ THIS
+
+ Linux now has extensive support for dynamic allocation of device numbering
+ and can use ``sysfs`` and ``udev`` (``systemd``) to handle the naming needs.
+ There are still some exceptions in the serial and boot device area. Before
+ asking for a device number make sure you actually need one.
+
+ To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situations
+ where that applies (e.g. busmice), please submit a patch and send to
+ the authors as indicated above.
+
+ Keep the description of the device *in the same format
+ as this list*. The reason for this is that it is the only way we have
+ found to ensure we have all the requisite information to publish your
+ device and avoid conflicts.
+
+ Finally, sometimes we have to play "namespace police." Please don't be
+ offended. We often get submissions for ``/dev`` names that would be bound
+ to cause conflicts down the road. We are trying to avoid getting in a
+ situation where we would have to suffer an incompatible forward
+ change. Therefore, please consult with us **before** you make your
+ device names and numbers in any way public, at least to the point
+ where it would be at all difficult to get them changed.
+
+ Your cooperation is appreciated.
+
+.. include:: devices.txt
+ :literal:
+
+Additional ``/dev/`` directory entries
+--------------------------------------
+
+This section details additional entries that should or may exist in
+the /dev directory. It is preferred that symbolic links use the same
+form (absolute or relative) as is indicated here. Links are
+classified as "hard" or "symbolic" depending on the preferred type of
+link; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used.
+
+Compulsory links
+++++++++++++++++
+
+These links should exist on all systems:
+
+=============== =============== =============== ===============================
+/dev/fd /proc/self/fd symbolic File descriptors
+/dev/stdin fd/0 symbolic stdin file descriptor
+/dev/stdout fd/1 symbolic stdout file descriptor
+/dev/stderr fd/2 symbolic stderr file descriptor
+/dev/nfsd socksys symbolic Required by iBCS-2
+/dev/X0R null symbolic Required by iBCS-2
+=============== =============== =============== ===============================
+
+Note: ``/dev/X0R`` is <letter X>-<digit 0>-<letter R>.
+
+Recommended links
++++++++++++++++++
+
+It is recommended that these links exist on all systems:
+
+
+=============== =============== =============== ===============================
+/dev/core /proc/kcore symbolic Backward compatibility
+/dev/ramdisk ram0 symbolic Backward compatibility
+/dev/ftape qft0 symbolic Backward compatibility
+/dev/bttv0 video0 symbolic Backward compatibility
+/dev/radio radio0 symbolic Backward compatibility
+/dev/i2o* /dev/i2o/* symbolic Backward compatibility
+/dev/scd? sr? hard Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name
+=============== =============== =============== ===============================
+
+Locally defined links
++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+The following links may be established locally to conform to the
+configuration of the system. This is merely a tabulation of existing
+practice, and does not constitute a recommendation. However, if they
+exist, they should have the following uses.
+
+=============== =============== =============== ===============================
+/dev/mouse mouse port symbolic Current mouse device
+/dev/tape tape device symbolic Current tape device
+/dev/cdrom CD-ROM device symbolic Current CD-ROM device
+/dev/cdwriter CD-writer symbolic Current CD-writer device
+/dev/scanner scanner symbolic Current scanner device
+/dev/modem modem port symbolic Current dialout device
+/dev/root root device symbolic Current root filesystem
+/dev/swap swap device symbolic Current swap device
+=============== =============== =============== ===============================
+
+``/dev/modem`` should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as
+well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems. If it
+exists, ``/dev/modem`` should point to the appropriate primary TTY device
+(the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated).
+
+For SCSI devices, ``/dev/tape`` and ``/dev/cdrom`` should point to the
+*cooked* devices (``/dev/st*`` and ``/dev/sr*``, respectively), whereas
+``/dev/cdwriter`` and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate generic
+SCSI devices (/dev/sg*).
+
+``/dev/mouse`` may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mouse
+device, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g. ``/dev/gpmdata``).
+
+Sockets and pipes
++++++++++++++++++
+
+Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev. Common entries are:
+
+=============== =============== ===============================================
+/dev/printer socket lpd local socket
+/dev/log socket syslog local socket
+/dev/gpmdata socket gpm mouse multiplexer
+=============== =============== ===============================================
+
+Mount points
+++++++++++++
+
+The following names are reserved for mounting special filesystems
+under /dev. These special filesystems provide kernel interfaces that
+cannot be provided with standard device nodes.
+
+=============== =============== ===============================================
+/dev/pts devpts PTY slave filesystem
+/dev/shm tmpfs POSIX shared memory maintenance access
+=============== =============== ===============================================
+
+Terminal devices
+----------------
+
+Terminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices. A
+terminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminal
+for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and
+pseudoterminals (PTYs).
+
+All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line
+disciplines; these include the common terminal line discipline as well
+as SLIP and PPP modes.
+
+All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the
+naming and use of the various types of TTYs. Note that the naming
+conventions include several historical warts; some of these are
+Linux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and some
+reflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention.
+
+A hash mark (``#``) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimal
+number without leading zeroes.
+
+Virtual consoles and the console device
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+Virtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system video
+monitor. Virtual consoles are named ``/dev/tty#``, with numbering
+starting at ``/dev/tty1``; ``/dev/tty0`` is the current virtual console.
+``/dev/tty0`` is the device that should be used to access the system video
+card on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices
+(``/dev/fb*``) are not applicable. Do not use ``/dev/console``
+for this purpose.
+
+The console device, ``/dev/console``, is the device to which system
+messages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted in
+single-user mode. Starting with Linux 2.1.71, ``/dev/console`` is managed
+by the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link to
+either ``/dev/tty0``, a specific virtual console such as ``/dev/tty1``, or to
+a serial port primary (``tty*``, not ``cu*``) device, depending on the
+configuration of the system.
+
+Serial ports
+++++++++++++
+
+Serial ports are RS-232 serial ports and any device which simulates
+one, either in hardware (such as internal modems) or in software (such
+as the ISDN driver.) Under Linux, each serial ports has two device
+names, the primary or callin device and the alternate or callout one.
+Each kind of device is indicated by a different letter. For any
+letter X, the names of the devices are ``/dev/ttyX#`` and ``/dev/cux#``,
+respectively; for historical reasons, ``/dev/ttyS#`` and ``/dev/ttyC#``
+correspond to ``/dev/cua#`` and ``/dev/cub#``. In the future, it should be
+expected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be upper
+case for the "tty" device (e.g. ``/dev/ttyDP#``) and lower case for the
+"cu" device (e.g. ``/dev/cudp#``).
+
+The names ``/dev/ttyQ#`` and ``/dev/cuq#`` are reserved for local use.
+
+The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhat
+different defaults than the primary devices. Their main purpose is to
+allow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or broken
+support for serial ports. Their use is deprecated, and they may be
+removed from a future version of Linux.
+
+Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files with
+the names ``/var/lock/LCK..ttyX#``. The contents of the lock file should
+be the PID of the locking process as an ASCII number.
+
+It is common practice to install links such as /dev/modem
+which point to serial ports. In order to ensure proper locking in the
+presence of these links, it is recommended that software chase
+symlinks and lock all possible names; additionally, it is recommended
+that a lock file be installed with the corresponding alternate
+device. In order to avoid deadlocks, it is recommended that the locks
+are acquired in the following order, and released in the reverse:
+
+ 1. The symbolic link name, if any (``/var/lock/LCK..modem``)
+ 2. The "tty" name (``/var/lock/LCK..ttyS2``)
+ 3. The alternate device name (``/var/lock/LCK..cua2``)
+
+In the case of nested symbolic links, the lock files should be
+installed in the order the symlinks are resolved.
+
+Under no circumstances should an application hold a lock while waiting
+for another to be released. In addition, applications which attempt
+to create lock files for the corresponding alternate device names
+should take into account the possibility of being used on a non-serial
+port TTY, for which no alternate device would exist.
+
+Pseudoterminals (PTYs)
+++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide
+other capabilities requiring a TTY line discipline (including SLIP or
+PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes. Each PTY has
+a master side, named ``/dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]``, and a slave side, named
+``/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]``. The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by
+allowing each master side to be opened only once.
+
+Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave device
+can be used in the same manner as any TTY device. The master and
+slave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalent
+of a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.
+
+Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support for
+the System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a common
+device, ``/dev/ptmx``, to all the masters (opening it will automatically
+give you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, ``/dev/pts``,
+for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (``/dev/pts/#``
+in our notation). This removes the problem of exhausting the
+namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device
+nodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..94c98be1329a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3082 @@
+ 0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts)
+ 0 = reserved as null device number
+ See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas.
+
+ 1 char Memory devices
+ 1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access
+ 2 = /dev/kmem OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
+ 3 = /dev/null Null device
+ 4 = /dev/port I/O port access
+ 5 = /dev/zero Null byte source
+ 6 = /dev/core OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
+ 7 = /dev/full Returns ENOSPC on write
+ 8 = /dev/random Nondeterministic random number gen.
+ 9 = /dev/urandom Faster, less secure random number gen.
+ 10 = /dev/aio Asynchronous I/O notification interface
+ 11 = /dev/kmsg Writes to this come out as printk's, reads
+ export the buffered printk records.
+ 12 = /dev/oldmem OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/vmcore
+
+ 1 block RAM disk
+ 0 = /dev/ram0 First RAM disk
+ 1 = /dev/ram1 Second RAM disk
+ ...
+ 250 = /dev/initrd Initial RAM disk
+
+ Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here.
+ /dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded
+ by the boot loader; newer kernels use /dev/ram0 for
+ the initrd.
+
+ 2 char Pseudo-TTY masters
+ 0 = /dev/ptyp0 First PTY master
+ 1 = /dev/ptyp1 Second PTY master
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/ptyef 256th PTY master
+
+ Pseudo-tty's are named as follows:
+ * Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty";
+ * the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating
+ the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and
+ * the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating
+ the position within the series.
+
+ These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
+ devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY
+ master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on
+ demand.
+
+ 2 block Floppy disks
+ 0 = /dev/fd0 Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect
+ 1 = /dev/fd1 Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect
+ 2 = /dev/fd2 Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect
+ 3 = /dev/fd3 Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect
+ 128 = /dev/fd4 Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect
+ 129 = /dev/fd5 Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect
+ 130 = /dev/fd6 Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect
+ 131 = /dev/fd7 Controller 1, drive 3, autodetect
+
+ To specify format, add to the autodetect device number:
+ 0 = /dev/fd? Autodetect format
+ 4 = /dev/fd?d360 5.25" 360K in a 360K drive(1)
+ 20 = /dev/fd?h360 5.25" 360K in a 1200K drive(1)
+ 48 = /dev/fd?h410 5.25" 410K in a 1200K drive
+ 64 = /dev/fd?h420 5.25" 420K in a 1200K drive
+ 24 = /dev/fd?h720 5.25" 720K in a 1200K drive
+ 80 = /dev/fd?h880 5.25" 880K in a 1200K drive(1)
+ 8 = /dev/fd?h1200 5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1)
+ 40 = /dev/fd?h1440 5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1)
+ 56 = /dev/fd?h1476 5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive
+ 72 = /dev/fd?h1494 5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive
+ 92 = /dev/fd?h1600 5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1)
+
+ 12 = /dev/fd?u360 3.5" 360K Double Density(2)
+ 16 = /dev/fd?u720 3.5" 720K Double Density(1)
+ 120 = /dev/fd?u800 3.5" 800K Double Density(2)
+ 52 = /dev/fd?u820 3.5" 820K Double Density
+ 68 = /dev/fd?u830 3.5" 830K Double Density
+ 84 = /dev/fd?u1040 3.5" 1040K Double Density(1)
+ 88 = /dev/fd?u1120 3.5" 1120K Double Density(1)
+ 28 = /dev/fd?u1440 3.5" 1440K High Density(1)
+ 124 = /dev/fd?u1600 3.5" 1600K High Density(1)
+ 44 = /dev/fd?u1680 3.5" 1680K High Density(3)
+ 60 = /dev/fd?u1722 3.5" 1722K High Density
+ 76 = /dev/fd?u1743 3.5" 1743K High Density
+ 96 = /dev/fd?u1760 3.5" 1760K High Density
+ 116 = /dev/fd?u1840 3.5" 1840K High Density(3)
+ 100 = /dev/fd?u1920 3.5" 1920K High Density(1)
+ 32 = /dev/fd?u2880 3.5" 2880K Extra Density(1)
+ 104 = /dev/fd?u3200 3.5" 3200K Extra Density
+ 108 = /dev/fd?u3520 3.5" 3520K Extra Density
+ 112 = /dev/fd?u3840 3.5" 3840K Extra Density(1)
+
+ 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete?
+
+ (1) Autodetectable format
+ (2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only
+ (3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only
+
+ NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u)
+ signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d),
+ 5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5"
+ (any model, u). The use of the capital letters D, H
+ and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since
+ the drive type is insignificant for these devices.
+
+ 3 char Pseudo-TTY slaves
+ 0 = /dev/ttyp0 First PTY slave
+ 1 = /dev/ttyp1 Second PTY slave
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slave
+
+ These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
+ devices are on major 136 and above.
+
+ 3 block First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hda Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdb Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ For partitions, add to the whole disk device number:
+ 0 = /dev/hd? Whole disk
+ 1 = /dev/hd?1 First partition
+ 2 = /dev/hd?2 Second partition
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/hd?63 63rd partition
+
+ For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary
+ partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions.
+ Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes
+ appropriate to their respective architectures.
+
+ 4 char TTY devices
+ 0 = /dev/tty0 Current virtual console
+
+ 1 = /dev/tty1 First virtual console
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/tty63 63rd virtual console
+ 64 = /dev/ttyS0 First UART serial port
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/ttyS191 192nd UART serial port
+
+ UART serial ports refer to 8250/16450/16550 series devices.
+
+ Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major
+ number for BSD PTY devices. As of Linux 2.1.115, this
+ is no longer supported. Use major numbers 2 and 3.
+
+ 4 block Aliases for dynamically allocated major devices to be used
+ when its not possible to create the real device nodes
+ because the root filesystem is mounted read-only.
+
+ 0 = /dev/root
+
+ 5 char Alternate TTY devices
+ 0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device
+ 1 = /dev/console System console
+ 2 = /dev/ptmx PTY master multiplex
+ 3 = /dev/ttyprintk User messages via printk TTY device
+ 64 = /dev/cua0 Callout device for ttyS0
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/cua191 Callout device for ttyS191
+
+ (5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71. See
+ the section on terminal devices for more information
+ on /dev/console.
+
+ 6 char Parallel printer devices
+ 0 = /dev/lp0 Parallel printer on parport0
+ 1 = /dev/lp1 Parallel printer on parport1
+ ...
+
+ Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mapping
+ between parallel ports and I/O addresses. Instead,
+ they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer.
+
+ 7 char Virtual console capture devices
+ 0 = /dev/vcs Current vc text (glyph) contents
+ 1 = /dev/vcs1 tty1 text (glyph) contents
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/vcs63 tty63 text (glyph) contents
+ 64 = /dev/vcsu Current vc text (unicode) contents
+ 65 = /dev/vcsu1 tty1 text (unicode) contents
+ ...
+ 127 = /dev/vcsu63 tty63 text (unicode) contents
+ 128 = /dev/vcsa Current vc text/attribute (glyph) contents
+ 129 = /dev/vcsa1 tty1 text/attribute (glyph) contents
+ ...
+ 191 = /dev/vcsa63 tty63 text/attribute (glyph) contents
+
+ NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.
+
+ 7 block Loopback devices
+ 0 = /dev/loop0 First loop device
+ 1 = /dev/loop1 Second loop device
+ ...
+
+ The loop devices are used to mount filesystems not
+ associated with block devices. The binding to the
+ loop devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8).
+
+ 8 block SCSI disk devices (0-15)
+ 0 = /dev/sda First SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdb Second SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdc Third SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdp Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 9 char SCSI tape devices
+ 0 = /dev/st0 First SCSI tape, mode 0
+ 1 = /dev/st1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0
+ ...
+ 32 = /dev/st0l First SCSI tape, mode 1
+ 33 = /dev/st1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1
+ ...
+ 64 = /dev/st0m First SCSI tape, mode 2
+ 65 = /dev/st1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2
+ ...
+ 96 = /dev/st0a First SCSI tape, mode 3
+ 97 = /dev/st1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/nst0 First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
+ 129 = /dev/nst1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
+ ...
+ 160 = /dev/nst0l First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
+ 161 = /dev/nst1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
+ ...
+ 192 = /dev/nst0m First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
+ 193 = /dev/nst1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
+ ...
+ 224 = /dev/nst0a First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
+ 225 = /dev/nst1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
+ ...
+
+ "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
+ automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL
+ ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
+ the device used to access it.
+
+ 9 block Metadisk (RAID) devices
+ 0 = /dev/md0 First metadisk group
+ 1 = /dev/md1 Second metadisk group
+ ...
+
+ The metadisk driver is used to span a
+ filesystem across multiple physical disks.
+
+ 10 char Non-serial mice, misc features
+ 0 = /dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse
+ 1 = /dev/psaux PS/2-style mouse port
+ 2 = /dev/inportbm Microsoft Inport bus mouse
+ 3 = /dev/atibm ATI XL bus mouse
+ 4 = /dev/jbm J-mouse
+ 4 = /dev/amigamouse Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga)
+ 5 = /dev/atarimouse Atari mouse
+ 6 = /dev/sunmouse Sun mouse
+ 7 = /dev/amigamouse1 Second Amiga mouse
+ 8 = /dev/smouse Simple serial mouse driver
+ 9 = /dev/pc110pad IBM PC-110 digitizer pad
+ 10 = /dev/adbmouse Apple Desktop Bus mouse
+ 11 = /dev/vrtpanel Vr41xx embedded touch panel
+ 13 = /dev/vpcmouse Connectix Virtual PC Mouse
+ 14 = /dev/touchscreen/ucb1x00 UCB 1x00 touchscreen
+ 15 = /dev/touchscreen/mk712 MK712 touchscreen
+ 128 = /dev/beep Fancy beep device
+ 129 =
+ 130 = /dev/watchdog Watchdog timer port
+ 131 = /dev/temperature Machine internal temperature
+ 132 = /dev/hwtrap Hardware fault trap
+ 133 = /dev/exttrp External device trap
+ 134 = /dev/apm_bios Advanced Power Management BIOS
+ 135 = /dev/rtc Real Time Clock
+ 137 = /dev/vhci Bluetooth virtual HCI driver
+ 139 = /dev/openprom SPARC OpenBoot PROM
+ 140 = /dev/relay8 Berkshire Products Octal relay card
+ 141 = /dev/relay16 Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card
+ 142 =
+ 143 = /dev/pciconf PCI configuration space
+ 144 = /dev/nvram Non-volatile configuration RAM
+ 145 = /dev/hfmodem Soundcard shortwave modem control
+ 146 = /dev/graphics Linux/SGI graphics device
+ 147 = /dev/opengl Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe
+ 148 = /dev/gfx Linux/SGI graphics effects device
+ 149 = /dev/input/mouse Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse
+ 150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard
+ 151 = /dev/led Front panel LEDs
+ 152 = /dev/kpoll Kernel Poll Driver
+ 153 = /dev/mergemem Memory merge device
+ 154 = /dev/pmu Macintosh PowerBook power manager
+ 155 =
+ 156 = /dev/lcd Front panel LCD display
+ 157 = /dev/ac Applicom Intl Profibus card
+ 158 = /dev/nwbutton Netwinder external button
+ 159 = /dev/nwdebug Netwinder debug interface
+ 160 = /dev/nwflash Netwinder flash memory
+ 161 = /dev/userdma User-space DMA access
+ 162 = /dev/smbus System Management Bus
+ 163 = /dev/lik Logitech Internet Keyboard
+ 164 = /dev/ipmo Intel Intelligent Platform Management
+ 165 = /dev/vmmon VMware virtual machine monitor
+ 166 = /dev/i2o/ctl I2O configuration manager
+ 167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control
+ 168 = /dev/tcldrv Technology Concepts serial control
+ 169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control
+ 170 = /dev/thinkpad/thinkpad IBM Thinkpad devices
+ 171 = /dev/srripc QNX4 API IPC manager
+ 172 = /dev/usemaclone Semaphore clone device
+ 173 = /dev/ipmikcs Intelligent Platform Management
+ 174 = /dev/uctrl SPARCbook 3 microcontroller
+ 175 = /dev/agpgart AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table
+ 176 = /dev/gtrsc Gorgy Timing radio clock
+ 177 = /dev/cbm Serial CBM bus
+ 178 = /dev/jsflash JavaStation OS flash SIMM
+ 179 = /dev/xsvc High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service
+ 180 = /dev/vrbuttons Vr41xx button input device
+ 181 = /dev/toshiba Toshiba laptop SMM support
+ 182 = /dev/perfctr Performance-monitoring counters
+ 183 = /dev/hwrng Generic random number generator
+ 184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface
+ 186 = /dev/atomicps Atomic snapshot of process state data
+ 187 = /dev/irnet IrNET device
+ 188 = /dev/smbusbios SMBus BIOS
+ 189 = /dev/ussp_ctl User space serial port control
+ 190 = /dev/crash Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility
+ 191 = /dev/pcl181 <information missing>
+ 192 = /dev/nas_xbus NAS xbus LCD/buttons access
+ 193 = /dev/d7s SPARC 7-segment display
+ 194 = /dev/zkshim Zero-Knowledge network shim control
+ 195 = /dev/elographics/e2201 Elographics touchscreen E271-2201
+ 196 = /dev/vfio/vfio VFIO userspace driver interface
+ 197 = /dev/pxa3xx-gcu PXA3xx graphics controller unit driver
+ 198 = /dev/sexec Signed executable interface
+ 199 = /dev/scanners/cuecat :CueCat barcode scanner
+ 200 = /dev/net/tun TAP/TUN network device
+ 201 = /dev/button/gulpb Transmeta GULP-B buttons
+ 202 = /dev/emd/ctl Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) control
+ 203 = /dev/cuse Cuse (character device in user-space)
+ 204 = /dev/video/em8300 EM8300 DVD decoder control
+ 205 = /dev/video/em8300_mv EM8300 DVD decoder video
+ 206 = /dev/video/em8300_ma EM8300 DVD decoder audio
+ 207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture
+ 208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller
+ 209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid Compaq Remote Insight Driver
+ 210 = /dev/impi/bt IMPI coprocessor block transfer
+ 211 = /dev/impi/smic IMPI coprocessor stream interface
+ 212 = /dev/watchdogs/0 First watchdog device
+ 213 = /dev/watchdogs/1 Second watchdog device
+ 214 = /dev/watchdogs/2 Third watchdog device
+ 215 = /dev/watchdogs/3 Fourth watchdog device
+ 216 = /dev/fujitsu/apanel Fujitsu/Siemens application panel
+ 217 = /dev/ni/natmotn National Instruments Motion
+ 218 = /dev/kchuid Inter-process chuid control
+ 219 = /dev/modems/mwave MWave modem firmware upload
+ 220 = /dev/mptctl Message passing technology (MPT) control
+ 221 = /dev/mvista/hssdsi Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver
+ 222 = /dev/mvista/hasi Montavista PICMG high availability
+ 223 = /dev/input/uinput User level driver support for input
+ 224 = /dev/tpm TCPA TPM driver
+ 225 = /dev/pps Pulse Per Second driver
+ 226 = /dev/systrace Systrace device
+ 227 = /dev/mcelog X86_64 Machine Check Exception driver
+ 228 = /dev/hpet HPET driver
+ 229 = /dev/fuse Fuse (virtual filesystem in user-space)
+ 230 = /dev/midishare MidiShare driver
+ 231 = /dev/snapshot System memory snapshot device
+ 232 = /dev/kvm Kernel-based virtual machine (hardware virtualization extensions)
+ 233 = /dev/kmview View-OS A process with a view
+ 234 = /dev/btrfs-control Btrfs control device
+ 235 = /dev/autofs Autofs control device
+ 236 = /dev/mapper/control Device-Mapper control device
+ 237 = /dev/loop-control Loopback control device
+ 238 = /dev/vhost-net Host kernel accelerator for virtio net
+ 239 = /dev/uhid User-space I/O driver support for HID subsystem
+ 240 = /dev/userio Serio driver testing device
+ 241 = /dev/vhost-vsock Host kernel driver for virtio vsock
+ 242 = /dev/rfkill Turning off radio transmissions (rfkill)
+
+ 243-254 Reserved for local use
+ 255 Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR
+
+ 11 char Raw keyboard device (Linux/SPARC only)
+ 0 = /dev/kbd Raw keyboard device
+
+ 11 char Serial Mux device (Linux/PA-RISC only)
+ 0 = /dev/ttyB0 First mux port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyB1 Second mux port
+ ...
+
+ 11 block SCSI CD-ROM devices
+ 0 = /dev/scd0 First SCSI CD-ROM
+ 1 = /dev/scd1 Second SCSI CD-ROM
+ ...
+
+ The prefix /dev/sr (instead of /dev/scd) has been deprecated.
+
+ 12 char QIC-02 tape
+ 2 = /dev/ntpqic11 QIC-11, no rewind-on-close
+ 3 = /dev/tpqic11 QIC-11, rewind-on-close
+ 4 = /dev/ntpqic24 QIC-24, no rewind-on-close
+ 5 = /dev/tpqic24 QIC-24, rewind-on-close
+ 6 = /dev/ntpqic120 QIC-120, no rewind-on-close
+ 7 = /dev/tpqic120 QIC-120, rewind-on-close
+ 8 = /dev/ntpqic150 QIC-150, no rewind-on-close
+ 9 = /dev/tpqic150 QIC-150, rewind-on-close
+
+ The device names specified are proposed -- if there
+ are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know.
+
+ 12 block
+
+ 13 char Input core
+ 0 = /dev/input/js0 First joystick
+ 1 = /dev/input/js1 Second joystick
+ ...
+ 32 = /dev/input/mouse0 First mouse
+ 33 = /dev/input/mouse1 Second mouse
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/input/mice Unified mouse
+ 64 = /dev/input/event0 First event queue
+ 65 = /dev/input/event1 Second event queue
+ ...
+
+ Each device type has 5 bits (32 minors).
+
+ 13 block Previously used for the XT disk (/dev/xdN)
+ Deleted in kernel v3.9.
+
+ 14 char Open Sound System (OSS)
+ 0 = /dev/mixer Mixer control
+ 1 = /dev/sequencer Audio sequencer
+ 2 = /dev/midi00 First MIDI port
+ 3 = /dev/dsp Digital audio
+ 4 = /dev/audio Sun-compatible digital audio
+ 6 =
+ 7 = /dev/audioctl SPARC audio control device
+ 8 = /dev/sequencer2 Sequencer -- alternate device
+ 16 = /dev/mixer1 Second soundcard mixer control
+ 17 = /dev/patmgr0 Sequencer patch manager
+ 18 = /dev/midi01 Second MIDI port
+ 19 = /dev/dsp1 Second soundcard digital audio
+ 20 = /dev/audio1 Second soundcard Sun digital audio
+ 33 = /dev/patmgr1 Sequencer patch manager
+ 34 = /dev/midi02 Third MIDI port
+ 50 = /dev/midi03 Fourth MIDI port
+
+ 14 block
+
+ 15 char Joystick
+ 0 = /dev/js0 First analog joystick
+ 1 = /dev/js1 Second analog joystick
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/djs0 First digital joystick
+ 129 = /dev/djs1 Second digital joystick
+ ...
+ 15 block Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/sonycd Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM
+
+ 16 char Non-SCSI scanners
+ 0 = /dev/gs4500 Genius 4500 handheld scanner
+
+ 16 block GoldStar CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/gscd GoldStar CD-ROM
+
+ 17 char OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card)
+ 0 = /dev/ttyH0 First Chase port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyH1 Second Chase port
+ ...
+ 17 block Optics Storage CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM
+
+ 18 char OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card - alternate devices)
+ 0 = /dev/cuh0 Callout device for ttyH0
+ 1 = /dev/cuh1 Callout device for ttyH1
+ ...
+ 18 block Sanyo CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM
+
+ 19 block "Double" compressed disk
+ 0 = /dev/double0 First compressed disk
+ ...
+ 7 = /dev/double7 Eighth compressed disk
+ 128 = /dev/cdouble0 Mirror of first compressed disk
+ ...
+ 135 = /dev/cdouble7 Mirror of eighth compressed disk
+
+ See the Double documentation for the meaning of the
+ mirror devices.
+
+ 20 block Hitachi CD-ROM (under development)
+ 0 = /dev/hitcd Hitachi CD-ROM
+
+ 21 char Generic SCSI access
+ 0 = /dev/sg0 First generic SCSI device
+ 1 = /dev/sg1 Second generic SCSI device
+ ...
+
+ Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...;
+ this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in
+ the system and is counter to standard Linux
+ device-naming practice.
+
+ 21 block Acorn MFM hard drive interface
+ 0 = /dev/mfma First MFM drive whole disk
+ 64 = /dev/mfmb Second MFM drive whole disk
+
+ This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC.
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks
+ (see major number 3).
+
+ 22 char Digiboard serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyD0 First Digiboard port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyD1 Second Digiboard port
+ ...
+ 22 block Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hdc Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdd Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
+ 23 char Digiboard serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cud0 Callout device for ttyD0
+ 1 = /dev/cud1 Callout device for ttyD1
+ ...
+ 23 block Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM
+
+ 24 char Stallion serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyE0 Stallion port 0 card 0
+ 1 = /dev/ttyE1 Stallion port 1 card 0
+ ...
+ 64 = /dev/ttyE64 Stallion port 0 card 1
+ 65 = /dev/ttyE65 Stallion port 1 card 1
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/ttyE128 Stallion port 0 card 2
+ 129 = /dev/ttyE129 Stallion port 1 card 2
+ ...
+ 192 = /dev/ttyE192 Stallion port 0 card 3
+ 193 = /dev/ttyE193 Stallion port 1 card 3
+ ...
+ 24 block Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
+
+ 25 char Stallion serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cue0 Callout device for ttyE0
+ 1 = /dev/cue1 Callout device for ttyE1
+ ...
+ 64 = /dev/cue64 Callout device for ttyE64
+ 65 = /dev/cue65 Callout device for ttyE65
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/cue128 Callout device for ttyE128
+ 129 = /dev/cue129 Callout device for ttyE129
+ ...
+ 192 = /dev/cue192 Callout device for ttyE192
+ 193 = /dev/cue193 Callout device for ttyE193
+ ...
+ 25 block First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/sbpcd0 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0
+ 1 = /dev/sbpcd1 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1
+ 2 = /dev/sbpcd2 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2
+ 3 = /dev/sbpcd3 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3
+
+ 26 char
+
+ 26 block Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/sbpcd4 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0
+ 1 = /dev/sbpcd5 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1
+ 2 = /dev/sbpcd6 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2
+ 3 = /dev/sbpcd7 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3
+
+ 27 char QIC-117 tape
+ 0 = /dev/qft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close
+ 1 = /dev/qft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close
+ 2 = /dev/qft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close
+ 3 = /dev/qft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close
+ 4 = /dev/nqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close
+ 5 = /dev/nqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close
+ 6 = /dev/nqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close
+ 7 = /dev/nqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close
+ 16 = /dev/zqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression
+ 17 = /dev/zqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression
+ 18 = /dev/zqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression
+ 19 = /dev/zqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression
+ 20 = /dev/nzqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression
+ 21 = /dev/nzqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression
+ 22 = /dev/nzqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression
+ 23 = /dev/nzqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression
+ 32 = /dev/rawqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks
+ 33 = /dev/rawqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks
+ 34 = /dev/rawqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks
+ 35 = /dev/rawqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks
+ 36 = /dev/nrawqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
+ 37 = /dev/nrawqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
+ 38 = /dev/nrawqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
+ 39 = /dev/nrawqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
+
+ 27 block Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/sbpcd8 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0
+ 1 = /dev/sbpcd9 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1
+ 2 = /dev/sbpcd10 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2
+ 3 = /dev/sbpcd11 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3
+
+ 28 char Stallion serial card - card programming
+ 0 = /dev/staliomem0 First Stallion card I/O memory
+ 1 = /dev/staliomem1 Second Stallion card I/O memory
+ 2 = /dev/staliomem2 Third Stallion card I/O memory
+ 3 = /dev/staliomem3 Fourth Stallion card I/O memory
+
+ 28 char Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari)
+ 0 = /dev/slm0 First SLM laser printer
+ 1 = /dev/slm1 Second SLM laser printer
+ ...
+ 28 block Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/sbpcd12 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0
+ 1 = /dev/sbpcd13 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1
+ 2 = /dev/sbpcd14 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2
+ 3 = /dev/sbpcd15 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3
+
+ 28 block ACSI disk (68k/Atari)
+ 0 = /dev/ada First ACSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/adb Second ACSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/adc Third ACSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/adp 16th ACSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15, like SCSI.
+
+ 29 char Universal frame buffer
+ 0 = /dev/fb0 First frame buffer
+ 1 = /dev/fb1 Second frame buffer
+ ...
+ 31 = /dev/fb31 32nd frame buffer
+
+ 29 block Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/aztcd Aztech CD-ROM
+
+ 30 char iBCS-2 compatibility devices
+ 0 = /dev/socksys Socket access
+ 1 = /dev/spx SVR3 local X interface
+ 32 = /dev/inet/ip Network access
+ 33 = /dev/inet/icmp
+ 34 = /dev/inet/ggp
+ 35 = /dev/inet/ipip
+ 36 = /dev/inet/tcp
+ 37 = /dev/inet/egp
+ 38 = /dev/inet/pup
+ 39 = /dev/inet/udp
+ 40 = /dev/inet/idp
+ 41 = /dev/inet/rawip
+
+ Additionally, iBCS-2 requires the following links:
+
+ /dev/ip -> /dev/inet/ip
+ /dev/icmp -> /dev/inet/icmp
+ /dev/ggp -> /dev/inet/ggp
+ /dev/ipip -> /dev/inet/ipip
+ /dev/tcp -> /dev/inet/tcp
+ /dev/egp -> /dev/inet/egp
+ /dev/pup -> /dev/inet/pup
+ /dev/udp -> /dev/inet/udp
+ /dev/idp -> /dev/inet/idp
+ /dev/rawip -> /dev/inet/rawip
+ /dev/inet/arp -> /dev/inet/udp
+ /dev/inet/rip -> /dev/inet/udp
+ /dev/nfsd -> /dev/socksys
+ /dev/X0R -> /dev/null (? apparently not required ?)
+
+ 30 block Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/cm205cd Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
+
+ /dev/lmscd is an older name for this device. This
+ driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM.
+
+ 31 char MPU-401 MIDI
+ 0 = /dev/mpu401data MPU-401 data port
+ 1 = /dev/mpu401stat MPU-401 status port
+
+ 31 block ROM/flash memory card
+ 0 = /dev/rom0 First ROM card (rw)
+ ...
+ 7 = /dev/rom7 Eighth ROM card (rw)
+ 8 = /dev/rrom0 First ROM card (ro)
+ ...
+ 15 = /dev/rrom7 Eighth ROM card (ro)
+ 16 = /dev/flash0 First flash memory card (rw)
+ ...
+ 23 = /dev/flash7 Eighth flash memory card (rw)
+ 24 = /dev/rflash0 First flash memory card (ro)
+ ...
+ 31 = /dev/rflash7 Eighth flash memory card (ro)
+
+ The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching
+ written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM
+ devices. The read-only devices (ro) support reading
+ only.
+
+ 32 char Specialix serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyX0 First Specialix port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyX1 Second Specialix port
+ ...
+ 32 block Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/cm206cd Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
+
+ 33 char Specialix serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cux0 Callout device for ttyX0
+ 1 = /dev/cux1 Callout device for ttyX1
+ ...
+ 33 block Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hde Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdf Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
+ 34 char Z8530 HDLC driver
+ 0 = /dev/scc0 First Z8530, first port
+ 1 = /dev/scc1 First Z8530, second port
+ 2 = /dev/scc2 Second Z8530, first port
+ 3 = /dev/scc3 Second Z8530, second port
+ ...
+
+ In a previous version these devices were named
+ /dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so
+ on.
+
+ 34 block Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hdg Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdh Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
+ 35 char tclmidi MIDI driver
+ 0 = /dev/midi0 First MIDI port, kernel timed
+ 1 = /dev/midi1 Second MIDI port, kernel timed
+ 2 = /dev/midi2 Third MIDI port, kernel timed
+ 3 = /dev/midi3 Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed
+ 64 = /dev/rmidi0 First MIDI port, untimed
+ 65 = /dev/rmidi1 Second MIDI port, untimed
+ 66 = /dev/rmidi2 Third MIDI port, untimed
+ 67 = /dev/rmidi3 Fourth MIDI port, untimed
+ 128 = /dev/smpte0 First MIDI port, SMPTE timed
+ 129 = /dev/smpte1 Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed
+ 130 = /dev/smpte2 Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed
+ 131 = /dev/smpte3 Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed
+
+ 35 block Slow memory ramdisk
+ 0 = /dev/slram Slow memory ramdisk
+
+ 36 char Netlink support
+ 0 = /dev/route Routing, device updates, kernel to user
+ 1 = /dev/skip enSKIP security cache control
+ 3 = /dev/fwmonitor Firewall packet copies
+ 16 = /dev/tap0 First Ethertap device
+ ...
+ 31 = /dev/tap15 16th Ethertap device
+
+ 36 block OBSOLETE (was MCA ESDI hard disk)
+
+ 37 char IDE tape
+ 0 = /dev/ht0 First IDE tape
+ 1 = /dev/ht1 Second IDE tape
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/nht0 First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
+ 129 = /dev/nht1 Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
+ ...
+
+ Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported.
+
+ 37 block Zorro II ramdisk
+ 0 = /dev/z2ram Zorro II ramdisk
+
+ 38 char Myricom PCI Myrinet board
+ 0 = /dev/mlanai0 First Myrinet board
+ 1 = /dev/mlanai1 Second Myrinet board
+ ...
+
+ This device is used for status query, board control
+ and "user level packet I/O." This board is also
+ accessible as a standard networking "eth" device.
+
+ 38 block OBSOLETE (was Linux/AP+)
+
+ 39 char ML-16P experimental I/O board
+ 0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0 First card, first analog channel
+ 1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1 First card, second analog channel
+ ...
+ 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15 First card, 16th analog channel
+ 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d First card, digital lines
+ 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0 First card, first counter/timer
+ 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1 First card, second counter/timer
+ 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2 First card, third counter/timer
+ 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0 Second card, first analog channel
+ 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1 Second card, second analog channel
+ ...
+ 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15 Second card, 16th analog channel
+ 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d Second card, digital lines
+ 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0 Second card, first counter/timer
+ 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1 Second card, second counter/timer
+ 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2 Second card, third counter/timer
+ ...
+ 39 block
+
+ 40 char
+
+ 40 block
+
+ 41 char Yet Another Micro Monitor
+ 0 = /dev/yamm Yet Another Micro Monitor
+
+ 41 block
+
+ 42 char Demo/sample use
+
+ 42 block Demo/sample use
+
+ This number is intended for use in sample code, as
+ well as a general "example" device number. It
+ should never be used for a device driver that is being
+ distributed; either obtain an official number or use
+ the local/experimental range. The sudden addition or
+ removal of a driver with this number should not cause
+ ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.)
+
+ IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A
+ DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT.
+
+ 43 char isdn4linux virtual modem
+ 0 = /dev/ttyI0 First virtual modem
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/ttyI63 64th virtual modem
+
+ 43 block Network block devices
+ 0 = /dev/nb0 First network block device
+ 1 = /dev/nb1 Second network block device
+ ...
+
+ Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback
+ devices: If you read from it, it sends packet across
+ network asking server for data. If you write to it, it
+ sends packet telling server to write. It could be used
+ to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over
+ the net, implementing block device in userland etc.
+
+ 44 char isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cui0 Callout device for ttyI0
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/cui63 Callout device for ttyI63
+
+ 44 block Flash Translation Layer (FTL) filesystems
+ 0 = /dev/ftla FTL on first Memory Technology Device
+ 16 = /dev/ftlb FTL on second Memory Technology Device
+ 32 = /dev/ftlc FTL on third Memory Technology Device
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/ftlp FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
+ limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.)
+
+ 45 char isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver
+ 0 = /dev/isdn0 First virtual B channel raw data
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/isdn63 64th virtual B channel raw data
+ 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0 First channel control/debug
+ ...
+ 127 = /dev/isdnctrl63 64th channel control/debug
+
+ 128 = /dev/ippp0 First SyncPPP device
+ ...
+ 191 = /dev/ippp63 64th SyncPPP device
+
+ 255 = /dev/isdninfo ISDN monitor interface
+
+ 45 block Parallel port IDE disk devices
+ 0 = /dev/pda First parallel port IDE disk
+ 16 = /dev/pdb Second parallel port IDE disk
+ 32 = /dev/pdc Third parallel port IDE disk
+ 48 = /dev/pdd Fourth parallel port IDE disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
+ limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk.
+
+ 46 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyR0 First Rocketport port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyR1 Second Rocketport port
+ ...
+ 46 block Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices
+ 0 = /dev/pcd0 First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
+ 1 = /dev/pcd1 Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
+ 2 = /dev/pcd2 Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
+ 3 = /dev/pcd3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
+
+ 47 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cur0 Callout device for ttyR0
+ 1 = /dev/cur1 Callout device for ttyR1
+ ...
+ 47 block Parallel port ATAPI disk devices
+ 0 = /dev/pf0 First parallel port ATAPI disk
+ 1 = /dev/pf1 Second parallel port ATAPI disk
+ 2 = /dev/pf2 Third parallel port ATAPI disk
+ 3 = /dev/pf3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk
+
+ This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar
+ devices and hence does not support partitioning.
+
+ 48 char SDL RISCom serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyL0 First RISCom port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyL1 Second RISCom port
+ ...
+ 48 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; first controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c0d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c0d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c0d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ For partitions add:
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c?d? Whole disk
+ 1 = /dev/rd/c?d?p1 First partition
+ ...
+ 7 = /dev/rd/c?d?p7 Seventh partition
+
+ 49 char SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cul0 Callout device for ttyL0
+ 1 = /dev/cul1 Callout device for ttyL1
+ ...
+ 49 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; second controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c1d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c1d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c1d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 50 char Reserved for GLINT
+
+ 50 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; third controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c2d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c2d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c2d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ 51 char Baycom radio modem OR Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem
+ 0 = /dev/bc0 First Baycom radio modem
+ 1 = /dev/bc1 Second Baycom radio modem
+ ...
+ 51 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c3d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c3d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c3d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 52 char Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card
+ 0 = /dev/dcbri0 First DataComm card
+ 1 = /dev/dcbri1 Second DataComm card
+ 2 = /dev/dcbri2 Third DataComm card
+ 3 = /dev/dcbri3 Fourth DataComm card
+
+ 52 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c4d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c4d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c4d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 53 char BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers
+ 0 = /dev/pd_bdm0 PD BDM interface on lp0
+ 1 = /dev/pd_bdm1 PD BDM interface on lp1
+ 2 = /dev/pd_bdm2 PD BDM interface on lp2
+ 4 = /dev/icd_bdm0 ICD BDM interface on lp0
+ 5 = /dev/icd_bdm1 ICD BDM interface on lp1
+ 6 = /dev/icd_bdm2 ICD BDM interface on lp2
+
+ This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx
+ microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a
+ Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public
+ Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface
+ by P&E.
+
+ 53 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c5d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c5d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c5d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 54 char Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card
+ 0 = /dev/holter0 First Holter port
+ 1 = /dev/holter1 Second Holter port
+ 2 = /dev/holter2 Third Holter port
+
+ A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL
+ <mseritan@ottonel.pub.ro> to transfer data from Holter
+ 24-hour heart monitoring equipment.
+
+ 54 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; seventh controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c6d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c6d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c6d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 55 char DSP56001 digital signal processor
+ 0 = /dev/dsp56k First DSP56001
+
+ 55 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c7d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c7d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c7d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 56 char Apple Desktop Bus
+ 0 = /dev/adb ADB bus control
+
+ Additional devices will be added to this number, all
+ starting with /dev/adb.
+
+ 56 block Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hdi Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdj Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
+ 57 char Hayes ESP serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyP0 First ESP port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyP1 Second ESP port
+ ...
+
+ 57 block Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hdk Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdl Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
+ 58 char Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cup0 Callout device for ttyP0
+ 1 = /dev/cup1 Callout device for ttyP1
+ ...
+
+ 58 block Reserved for logical volume manager
+
+ 59 char sf firewall package
+ 0 = /dev/firewall Communication with sf kernel module
+
+ 59 block Generic PDA filesystem device
+ 0 = /dev/pda0 First PDA device
+ 1 = /dev/pda1 Second PDA device
+ ...
+
+ The pda devices are used to mount filesystems on
+ remote pda's (basically slow handheld machines with
+ proprietary OS's and limited memory and storage
+ running small fs translation drivers) through serial /
+ IRDA / parallel links.
+
+ NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc
+
+ 60-63 char LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
+
+ 60-63 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
+ Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not
+ assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
+ used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
+
+ 64 char ENskip kernel encryption package
+ 0 = /dev/enskip Communication with ENskip kernel module
+
+ 64 block Scramdisk/DriveCrypt encrypted devices
+ 0 = /dev/scramdisk/master Master node for ioctls
+ 1 = /dev/scramdisk/1 First encrypted device
+ 2 = /dev/scramdisk/2 Second encrypted device
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/scramdisk/255 255th encrypted device
+
+ The filename of the encrypted container and the passwords
+ are sent via ioctls (using the sdmount tool) to the master
+ node which then activates them via one of the
+ /dev/scramdisk/x nodes for loop mounting (all handled
+ through the sdmount tool).
+
+ Requested by: andy@scramdisklinux.org
+
+ 65 char Sundance "plink" Transputer boards (obsolete, unused)
+ 0 = /dev/plink0 First plink device
+ 1 = /dev/plink1 Second plink device
+ 2 = /dev/plink2 Third plink device
+ 3 = /dev/plink3 Fourth plink device
+ 64 = /dev/rplink0 First plink device, raw
+ 65 = /dev/rplink1 Second plink device, raw
+ 66 = /dev/rplink2 Third plink device, raw
+ 67 = /dev/rplink3 Fourth plink device, raw
+ 128 = /dev/plink0d First plink device, debug
+ 129 = /dev/plink1d Second plink device, debug
+ 130 = /dev/plink2d Third plink device, debug
+ 131 = /dev/plink3d Fourth plink device, debug
+ 192 = /dev/rplink0d First plink device, raw, debug
+ 193 = /dev/rplink1d Second plink device, raw, debug
+ 194 = /dev/rplink2d Third plink device, raw, debug
+ 195 = /dev/rplink3d Fourth plink device, raw, debug
+
+ This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes
+ <jth@prosig.demon.co.uk> for information.
+
+ 65 block SCSI disk devices (16-31)
+ 0 = /dev/sdq 17th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdr 18th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sds 19th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdaf 32nd SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 66 char YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card
+ 0 = /dev/yppcpci0 First YARC card
+ 1 = /dev/yppcpci1 Second YARC card
+ ...
+
+ 66 block SCSI disk devices (32-47)
+ 0 = /dev/sdag 33th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdah 34th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdai 35th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdav 48nd SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 67 char Coda network file system
+ 0 = /dev/cfs0 Coda cache manager
+
+ See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda.
+
+ 67 block SCSI disk devices (48-63)
+ 0 = /dev/sdaw 49th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdax 50th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sday 51st SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdbl 64th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 68 char CAPI 2.0 interface
+ 0 = /dev/capi20 Control device
+ 1 = /dev/capi20.00 First CAPI 2.0 application
+ 2 = /dev/capi20.01 Second CAPI 2.0 application
+ ...
+ 20 = /dev/capi20.19 19th CAPI 2.0 application
+
+ ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0
+ applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card.
+
+ 68 block SCSI disk devices (64-79)
+ 0 = /dev/sdbm 65th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdbn 66th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdbo 67th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdcb 80th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 69 char MA16 numeric accelerator card
+ 0 = /dev/ma16 Board memory access
+
+ 69 block SCSI disk devices (80-95)
+ 0 = /dev/sdcc 81st SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdcd 82nd SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdce 83th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdcr 96th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 70 char SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface
+ 0 = /dev/apscfg Configuration interface
+ 1 = /dev/apsauth Authentication interface
+ 2 = /dev/apslog Logging interface
+ 3 = /dev/apsdbg Debugging interface
+ 64 = /dev/apsisdn ISDN command interface
+ 65 = /dev/apsasync Async command interface
+ 128 = /dev/apsmon Monitor interface
+
+ 70 block SCSI disk devices (96-111)
+ 0 = /dev/sdcs 97th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdct 98th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdcu 99th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sddh 112nd SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 71 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyF0 IntelliPort II board 0, port 0
+ 1 = /dev/ttyF1 IntelliPort II board 0, port 1
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/ttyF63 IntelliPort II board 0, port 63
+ 64 = /dev/ttyF64 IntelliPort II board 1, port 0
+ 65 = /dev/ttyF65 IntelliPort II board 1, port 1
+ ...
+ 127 = /dev/ttyF127 IntelliPort II board 1, port 63
+ 128 = /dev/ttyF128 IntelliPort II board 2, port 0
+ 129 = /dev/ttyF129 IntelliPort II board 2, port 1
+ ...
+ 191 = /dev/ttyF191 IntelliPort II board 2, port 63
+ 192 = /dev/ttyF192 IntelliPort II board 3, port 0
+ 193 = /dev/ttyF193 IntelliPort II board 3, port 1
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/ttyF255 IntelliPort II board 3, port 63
+
+ 71 block SCSI disk devices (112-127)
+ 0 = /dev/sddi 113th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sddj 114th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sddk 115th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sddx 128th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 72 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cuf0 Callout device for ttyF0
+ 1 = /dev/cuf1 Callout device for ttyF1
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/cuf63 Callout device for ttyF63
+ 64 = /dev/cuf64 Callout device for ttyF64
+ 65 = /dev/cuf65 Callout device for ttyF65
+ ...
+ 127 = /dev/cuf127 Callout device for ttyF127
+ 128 = /dev/cuf128 Callout device for ttyF128
+ 129 = /dev/cuf129 Callout device for ttyF129
+ ...
+ 191 = /dev/cuf191 Callout device for ttyF191
+ 192 = /dev/cuf192 Callout device for ttyF192
+ 193 = /dev/cuf193 Callout device for ttyF193
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/cuf255 Callout device for ttyF255
+
+ 72 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, first controller
+ 0 = /dev/ida/c0d0 First logical drive whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/ida/c0d1 Second logical drive whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/ida/c0d15 16th logical drive whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 73 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices
+ 0 = /dev/ip2ipl0 Loadware device for board 0
+ 1 = /dev/ip2stat0 Status device for board 0
+ 4 = /dev/ip2ipl1 Loadware device for board 1
+ 5 = /dev/ip2stat1 Status device for board 1
+ 8 = /dev/ip2ipl2 Loadware device for board 2
+ 9 = /dev/ip2stat2 Status device for board 2
+ 12 = /dev/ip2ipl3 Loadware device for board 3
+ 13 = /dev/ip2stat3 Status device for board 3
+
+ 73 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, second controller
+ 0 = /dev/ida/c1d0 First logical drive whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/ida/c1d1 Second logical drive whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/ida/c1d15 16th logical drive whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 74 char SCI bridge
+ 0 = /dev/SCI/0 SCI device 0
+ 1 = /dev/SCI/1 SCI device 1
+ ...
+
+ Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI
+ bridge.
+
+ 74 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, third controller
+ 0 = /dev/ida/c2d0 First logical drive whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/ida/c2d1 Second logical drive whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/ida/c2d15 16th logical drive whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 75 char Specialix IO8+ serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyW0 First IO8+ port, first card
+ 1 = /dev/ttyW1 Second IO8+ port, first card
+ ...
+ 8 = /dev/ttyW8 First IO8+ port, second card
+ ...
+
+ 75 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fourth controller
+ 0 = /dev/ida/c3d0 First logical drive whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/ida/c3d1 Second logical drive whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/ida/c3d15 16th logical drive whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 76 char Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cuw0 Callout device for ttyW0
+ 1 = /dev/cuw1 Callout device for ttyW1
+ ...
+ 8 = /dev/cuw8 Callout device for ttyW8
+ ...
+
+ 76 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fifth controller
+ 0 = /dev/ida/c4d0 First logical drive whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/ida/c4d1 Second logical drive whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/ida/c4d15 16th logical drive whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+
+ 77 char ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
+ 0 = /dev/qng ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
+
+ 77 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, sixth controller
+ 0 = /dev/ida/c5d0 First logical drive whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/ida/c5d1 Second logical drive whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/ida/c5d15 16th logical drive whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 78 char PAM Software's multimodem boards
+ 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First PAM modem
+ 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second PAM modem
+ ...
+
+ 78 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, seventh controller
+ 0 = /dev/ida/c6d0 First logical drive whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/ida/c6d1 Second logical drive whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/ida/c6d15 16th logical drive whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 79 char PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0
+ 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1
+ ...
+
+ 79 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller
+ 0 = /dev/ida/c7d0 First logical drive whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/ida/c7d1 Second logical drive whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/ida/c715 16th logical drive whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 80 char Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
+ 0 = /dev/at200 Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
+
+ 80 block I2O hard disk
+ 0 = /dev/i2o/hda First I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/i2o/hdb Second I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/i2o/hdp 16th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 81 char video4linux
+ 0 = /dev/video0 Video capture/overlay device
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/video63 Video capture/overlay device
+ 64 = /dev/radio0 Radio device
+ ...
+ 127 = /dev/radio63 Radio device
+ 128 = /dev/swradio0 Software Defined Radio device
+ ...
+ 191 = /dev/swradio63 Software Defined Radio device
+ 224 = /dev/vbi0 Vertical blank interrupt
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/vbi31 Vertical blank interrupt
+
+ Minor numbers are allocated dynamically unless
+ CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES (default n)
+ configuration option is set.
+
+ 81 block I2O hard disk
+ 0 = /dev/i2o/hdq 17th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/i2o/hdr 18th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf 32nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 82 char WiNRADiO communications receiver card
+ 0 = /dev/winradio0 First WiNRADiO card
+ 1 = /dev/winradio1 Second WiNRADiO card
+ ...
+
+ The driver and documentation may be obtained from
+ https://www.winradio.com/
+
+ 82 block I2O hard disk
+ 0 = /dev/i2o/hdag 33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/i2o/hdah 34th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/i2o/hdav 48th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 83 char Matrox mga_vid video driver
+ 0 = /dev/mga_vid0 1st video card
+ 1 = /dev/mga_vid1 2nd video card
+ 2 = /dev/mga_vid2 3rd video card
+ ...
+ 15 = /dev/mga_vid15 16th video card
+
+ 83 block I2O hard disk
+ 0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw 49th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/i2o/hdax 50th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl 64th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 84 char Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface
+ 0 = /dev/ihcp0 First Greensheet port
+ 1 = /dev/ihcp1 Second Greensheet port
+
+ 84 block I2O hard disk
+ 0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm 65th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn 66th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb 80th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 85 char Linux/SGI shared memory input queue
+ 0 = /dev/shmiq Master shared input queue
+ 1 = /dev/qcntl0 First device pushed
+ 2 = /dev/qcntl1 Second device pushed
+ ...
+
+ 85 block I2O hard disk
+ 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc 81st I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd 82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr 96th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 86 char SCSI media changer
+ 0 = /dev/sch0 First SCSI media changer
+ 1 = /dev/sch1 Second SCSI media changer
+ ...
+
+ 86 block I2O hard disk
+ 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs 97th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/i2o/hdct 98th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/i2o/hddh 112th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 87 char Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus
+ 0 = /dev/controla0 First device on chain
+ 1 = /dev/controla1 Second device on chain
+ ...
+
+ 87 block I2O hard disk
+ 0 = /dev/i2o/hddi 113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/i2o/hddj 114th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/i2o/hddx 128th I2O hard disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 88 char COMX synchronous serial card
+ 0 = /dev/comx0 COMX channel 0
+ 1 = /dev/comx1 COMX channel 1
+ ...
+
+ 88 block Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hdm Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdn Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
+ 89 char I2C bus interface
+ 0 = /dev/i2c-0 First I2C adapter
+ 1 = /dev/i2c-1 Second I2C adapter
+ ...
+
+ 89 block Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hdo Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdp Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
+ 90 char Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash)
+ 0 = /dev/mtd0 First MTD (rw)
+ 1 = /dev/mtdr0 First MTD (ro)
+ ...
+ 30 = /dev/mtd15 16th MTD (rw)
+ 31 = /dev/mtdr15 16th MTD (ro)
+
+ 90 block Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hdq Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdr Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
+ 91 char CAN-Bus devices
+ 0 = /dev/can0 First CAN-Bus controller
+ 1 = /dev/can1 Second CAN-Bus controller
+ ...
+
+ 91 block Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hds Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdt Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
+ 92 char Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card
+
+ 92 block PPDD encrypted disk driver
+ 0 = /dev/ppdd0 First encrypted disk
+ 1 = /dev/ppdd1 Second encrypted disk
+ ...
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 93 char
+
+ 93 block NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem
+ 0 = /dev/nftla First NFTL layer
+ 16 = /dev/nftlb Second NFTL layer
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/nftlp 16th NTFL layer
+
+ 94 char
+
+ 94 block IBM S/390 DASD block storage
+ 0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major
+ 1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 1
+ 2 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 2
+ 3 = /dev/dasda3 First DASD device, block 3
+ 4 = /dev/dasdb Second DASD device, major
+ 5 = /dev/dasdb1 Second DASD device, block 1
+ 6 = /dev/dasdb2 Second DASD device, block 2
+ 7 = /dev/dasdb3 Second DASD device, block 3
+ ...
+
+ 95 char IP filter
+ 0 = /dev/ipl Filter control device/log file
+ 1 = /dev/ipnat NAT control device/log file
+ 2 = /dev/ipstate State information log file
+ 3 = /dev/ipauth Authentication control device/log file
+ ...
+
+ 96 char Parallel port ATAPI tape devices
+ 0 = /dev/pt0 First parallel port ATAPI tape
+ 1 = /dev/pt1 Second parallel port ATAPI tape
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/npt0 First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
+ 129 = /dev/npt1 Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
+ ...
+
+ 96 block Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer
+ 0 = /dev/inftla First INFTL layer
+ 16 = /dev/inftlb Second INFTL layer
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/inftlp 16th INTFL layer
+
+ 97 char Parallel port generic ATAPI interface
+ 0 = /dev/pg0 First parallel port ATAPI device
+ 1 = /dev/pg1 Second parallel port ATAPI device
+ 2 = /dev/pg2 Third parallel port ATAPI device
+ 3 = /dev/pg3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI device
+
+ These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI
+ devices.
+
+ 98 char Control and Measurement Device (comedi)
+ 0 = /dev/comedi0 First comedi device
+ 1 = /dev/comedi1 Second comedi device
+ ...
+ 47 = /dev/comedi47 48th comedi device
+
+ Minors 48 to 255 are reserved for comedi subdevices with
+ pathnames of the form "/dev/comediX_subdY", where "X" is the
+ minor number of the associated comedi device and "Y" is the
+ subdevice number. These subdevice minors are assigned
+ dynamically, so there is no fixed mapping from subdevice
+ pathnames to minor numbers.
+
+ See https://www.comedi.org/ for information about the Comedi
+ project.
+
+ 98 block User-mode virtual block device
+ 0 = /dev/ubda First user-mode block device
+ 16 = /dev/ubdb Second user-mode block device
+ ...
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port.
+
+ 99 char Raw parallel ports
+ 0 = /dev/parport0 First parallel port
+ 1 = /dev/parport1 Second parallel port
+ ...
+
+ 99 block JavaStation flash disk
+ 0 = /dev/jsfd JavaStation flash disk
+
+ 100 char Telephony for Linux
+ 0 = /dev/phone0 First telephony device
+ 1 = /dev/phone1 Second telephony device
+ ...
+
+ 101 char Motorola DSP 56xxx board
+ 0 = /dev/mdspstat Status information
+ 1 = /dev/mdsp1 First DSP board I/O controls
+ ...
+ 16 = /dev/mdsp16 16th DSP board I/O controls
+
+ 101 block AMI HyperDisk RAID controller
+ 0 = /dev/amiraid/ar0 First array whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/amiraid/ar1 Second array whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/amiraid/ar15 16th array whole disk
+
+ For each device, partitions are added as:
+ 0 = /dev/amiraid/ar? Whole disk
+ 1 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p1 First partition
+ 2 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p2 Second partition
+ ...
+ 15 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p15 15th partition
+
+ 102 char
+
+ 102 block Compressed block device
+ 0 = /dev/cbd/a First compressed block device, whole device
+ 16 = /dev/cbd/b Second compressed block device, whole device
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/cbd/p 16th compressed block device, whole device
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 103 char Arla network file system
+ 0 = /dev/nnpfs0 First NNPFS device
+ 1 = /dev/nnpfs1 Second NNPFS device
+
+ Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS.
+ The NNPFS device gives user mode filesystem
+ implementations a kernel presence for caching and easy
+ mounting. For more information about the project,
+ write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or see
+ https://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/
+
+ 103 block Audit device
+ 0 = /dev/audit Audit device
+
+ 104 char Flash BIOS support
+
+ 104 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, first controller
+ 0 = /dev/cciss/c0d0 First logical drive, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/cciss/c0d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/cciss/c0d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 105 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller
+ 0 = /dev/ttyV0 First VS-1000 port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyV1 Second VS-1000 port
+ ...
+
+ 105 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, second controller
+ 0 = /dev/cciss/c1d0 First logical drive, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/cciss/c1d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/cciss/c1d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 106 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cuv0 First VS-1000 port
+ 1 = /dev/cuv1 Second VS-1000 port
+ ...
+
+ 106 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, third controller
+ 0 = /dev/cciss/c2d0 First logical drive, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/cciss/c2d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/cciss/c2d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 107 char 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device
+ 0 = /dev/3dfx Primary 3Dfx graphics device
+
+ 107 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fourth controller
+ 0 = /dev/cciss/c3d0 First logical drive, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/cciss/c3d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/cciss/c3d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 108 char Device independent PPP interface
+ 0 = /dev/ppp Device independent PPP interface
+
+ 108 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fifth controller
+ 0 = /dev/cciss/c4d0 First logical drive, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/cciss/c4d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/cciss/c4d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 109 char Reserved for logical volume manager
+
+ 109 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, sixth controller
+ 0 = /dev/cciss/c5d0 First logical drive, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/cciss/c5d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/cciss/c5d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 110 char miroMEDIA Surround board
+ 0 = /dev/srnd0 First miroMEDIA Surround board
+ 1 = /dev/srnd1 Second miroMEDIA Surround board
+ ...
+
+ 110 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, seventh controller
+ 0 = /dev/cciss/c6d0 First logical drive, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/cciss/c6d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/cciss/c6d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 111 char
+
+ 111 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller
+ 0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0 First logical drive, whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/cciss/c7d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
+ DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 112 char ISI serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First ISI port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second ISI port
+ ...
+
+ There is currently a device-naming conflict between
+ these and PAM multimodems (major 78).
+
+ 112 block IBM iSeries virtual disk
+ 0 = /dev/iseries/vda First virtual disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/iseries/vdb Second virtual disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 200 = /dev/iseries/vdz 26th virtual disk, whole disk
+ 208 = /dev/iseries/vdaa 27th virtual disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/iseries/vdaf 32nd virtual disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 7.
+
+ 113 char ISI serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0
+ 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1
+ ...
+
+ 113 block IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM
+ 0 = /dev/iseries/vcda First virtual CD-ROM
+ 1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb Second virtual CD-ROM
+ ...
+
+ 114 char Picture Elements ISE board
+ 0 = /dev/ise0 First ISE board
+ 1 = /dev/ise1 Second ISE board
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/isex0 Control node for first ISE board
+ 129 = /dev/isex1 Control node for second ISE board
+ ...
+
+ The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized for
+ image processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the general
+ I/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes command
+ nodes used to control the board.
+
+ 114 block IDE BIOS powered software RAID interfaces such as the
+ Promise Fastrak
+
+ 0 = /dev/ataraid/d0
+ 1 = /dev/ataraid/d0p1
+ 2 = /dev/ataraid/d0p2
+ ...
+ 16 = /dev/ataraid/d1
+ 17 = /dev/ataraid/d1p1
+ 18 = /dev/ataraid/d1p2
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/ataraid/d15p15
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 115 char TI link cable devices (115 was formerly the console driver speaker)
+ 0 = /dev/tipar0 Parallel cable on first parallel port
+ ...
+ 7 = /dev/tipar7 Parallel cable on seventh parallel port
+
+ 8 = /dev/tiser0 Serial cable on first serial port
+ ...
+ 15 = /dev/tiser7 Serial cable on seventh serial port
+
+ 16 = /dev/tiusb0 First USB cable
+ ...
+ 47 = /dev/tiusb31 32nd USB cable
+
+ 115 block NetWare (NWFS) Devices (0-255)
+
+ The NWFS (NetWare) devices are used to present a
+ collection of NetWare Mirror Groups or NetWare
+ Partitions as a logical storage segment for
+ use in mounting NetWare volumes. A maximum of
+ 256 NetWare volumes can be supported in a single
+ machine.
+
+ http://cgfa.telepac.pt/ftp2/kernel.org/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs/
+
+ 0 = /dev/nwfs/v0 First NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
+ 1 = /dev/nwfs/v1 Second NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
+ 2 = /dev/nwfs/v2 Third NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/nwfs/v255 Last NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
+
+ 116 char Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA)
+
+ 116 block MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM)
+ Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each.
+ Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au.
+
+ 0 = /dev/umem/d0 Whole of first board
+ 1 = /dev/umem/d0p1 First partition of first board
+ 2 = /dev/umem/d0p2 Second partition of first board
+ 15 = /dev/umem/d0p15 15th partition of first board
+
+ 16 = /dev/umem/d1 Whole of second board
+ 17 = /dev/umem/d1p1 First partition of second board
+ ...
+ 255= /dev/umem/d15p15 15th partition of 16th board.
+
+ 117 char [REMOVED] COSA/SRP synchronous serial card
+ 0 = /dev/cosa0c0 1st board, 1st channel
+ 1 = /dev/cosa0c1 1st board, 2nd channel
+ ...
+ 16 = /dev/cosa1c0 2nd board, 1st channel
+ 17 = /dev/cosa1c1 2nd board, 2nd channel
+ ...
+
+ 117 block Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS)
+
+ The EVMS driver uses a layered, plug-in model to provide
+ unparalleled flexibility and extensibility in managing
+ storage. This allows for easy expansion or customization
+ of various levels of volume management. Requested by
+ Mark Peloquin (peloquin at us.ibm.com).
+
+ Note: EVMS populates and manages all the devnodes in
+ /dev/evms.
+
+ http://sf.net/projects/evms
+
+ 0 = /dev/evms/block_device EVMS block device
+ 1 = /dev/evms/legacyname1 First EVMS legacy device
+ 2 = /dev/evms/legacyname2 Second EVMS legacy device
+ ...
+ Both ranges can grow (down or up) until they meet.
+ ...
+ 254 = /dev/evms/EVMSname2 Second EVMS native device
+ 255 = /dev/evms/EVMSname1 First EVMS native device
+
+ Note: legacyname(s) are derived from the normal legacy
+ device names. For example, /dev/hda5 would become
+ /dev/evms/hda5.
+
+ 118 char IBM Cryptographic Accelerator
+ 0 = /dev/ica Virtual interface to all IBM Crypto Accelerators
+ 1 = /dev/ica0 IBMCA Device 0
+ 2 = /dev/ica1 IBMCA Device 1
+ ...
+
+ 119 char VMware virtual network control
+ 0 = /dev/vnet0 1st virtual network
+ 1 = /dev/vnet1 2nd virtual network
+ ...
+
+ 120-127 char LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
+
+ 120-127 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
+ Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not
+ assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
+ used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
+
+ 128-135 char Unix98 PTY masters
+
+ These devices should not have corresponding device
+ nodes; instead they should be accessed through the
+ /dev/ptmx cloning interface.
+
+ 128 block SCSI disk devices (128-143)
+ 0 = /dev/sddy 129th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sddz 130th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdea 131th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sden 144th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 129 block SCSI disk devices (144-159)
+ 0 = /dev/sdeo 145th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdep 146th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdeq 147th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdfd 160th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 130 char (Misc devices)
+
+ 130 block SCSI disk devices (160-175)
+ 0 = /dev/sdfe 161st SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdff 162nd SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdfg 163rd SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdft 176th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 131 block SCSI disk devices (176-191)
+ 0 = /dev/sdfu 177th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdfv 178th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdfw 179th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdgj 192nd SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 132 block SCSI disk devices (192-207)
+ 0 = /dev/sdgk 193rd SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdgl 194th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdgm 195th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdgz 208th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 133 block SCSI disk devices (208-223)
+ 0 = /dev/sdha 209th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdhb 210th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdhc 211th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdhp 224th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 134 block SCSI disk devices (224-239)
+ 0 = /dev/sdhq 225th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdhr 226th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdhs 227th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdif 240th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 135 block SCSI disk devices (240-255)
+ 0 = /dev/sdig 241st SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdih 242nd SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdih 243rd SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdiv 256th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves
+ 0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
+ 1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY
+ ...
+
+ These device nodes are automatically generated with
+ the proper permissions and modes by mounting the
+ devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate
+ mount options (distribution dependent, however, on
+ *most* distributions the appropriate options are
+ "mode=0620,gid=<gid of the "tty" group>".)
+
+ 136 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; ninth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c8d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c8d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c8d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 137 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; tenth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c9d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c9d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c9d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 138 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eleventh controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c10d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c10d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c10d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 139 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; twelfth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c11d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c11d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c11d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 140 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; thirteenth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c12d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c12d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c12d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 141 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourteenth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c13d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c13d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c13d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 142 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifteenth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c14d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c14d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c14d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 143 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixteenth controller
+ 0 = /dev/rd/c15d0 First disk, whole disk
+ 8 = /dev/rd/c15d1 Second disk, whole disk
+ ...
+ 248 = /dev/rd/c15d31 32nd disk, whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled as for major 48.
+
+ 144 char Encapsulated PPP
+ 0 = /dev/pppox0 First PPP over Ethernet
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/pppox63 64th PPP over Ethernet
+
+ This is primarily used for ADSL.
+
+ The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has been
+ relocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict.
+
+ 144 block Expansion Area #1 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
+ 0 = mounted device 256
+ 255 = mounted device 511
+
+ 145 char SAM9407-based soundcard
+ 0 = /dev/sam0_mixer
+ 1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer
+ 2 = /dev/sam0_midi00
+ 3 = /dev/sam0_dsp
+ 4 = /dev/sam0_audio
+ 6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat
+ 18 = /dev/sam0_midi01
+ 34 = /dev/sam0_midi02
+ 50 = /dev/sam0_midi03
+ 64 = /dev/sam1_mixer
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/sam2_mixer
+ ...
+ 192 = /dev/sam3_mixer
+ ...
+
+ Device functions match OSS, but offer a number of
+ addons, which are sam9407 specific. OSS can be
+ operated simultaneously, taking care of the codec.
+
+ 145 block Expansion Area #2 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
+ 0 = mounted device 512
+ 255 = mounted device 767
+
+ 146 char SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network
+ 0 = /dev/scramnet0 First SCRAMNet device
+ 1 = /dev/scramnet1 Second SCRAMNet device
+ ...
+
+ 146 block Expansion Area #3 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
+ 0 = mounted device 768
+ 255 = mounted device 1023
+
+ 147 char Aureal Semiconductor Vortex Audio device
+ 0 = /dev/aureal0 First Aureal Vortex
+ 1 = /dev/aureal1 Second Aureal Vortex
+ ...
+
+ 147 block Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD)
+ 0 = /dev/drbd0 First DRBD device
+ 1 = /dev/drbd1 Second DRBD device
+ ...
+
+ 148 char Technology Concepts serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyT0 First TCL port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyT1 Second TCL port
+ ...
+
+ 149 char Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT0
+ 1 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT1
+ ...
+
+ 150 char Real-Time Linux FIFOs
+ 0 = /dev/rtf0 First RTLinux FIFO
+ 1 = /dev/rtf1 Second RTLinux FIFO
+ ...
+
+ 151 char DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller
+ 0 = /dev/dpti0 First DPT I2O adapter
+ 1 = /dev/dpti1 Second DPT I2O adapter
+ ...
+
+ 152 char EtherDrive Control Device
+ 0 = /dev/etherd/ctl Connect/Disconnect an EtherDrive
+ 1 = /dev/etherd/err Monitor errors
+ 2 = /dev/etherd/raw Raw AoE packet monitor
+
+ 152 block EtherDrive Block Devices
+ 0 = /dev/etherd/0 EtherDrive 0
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/etherd/255 EtherDrive 255
+
+ 153 char SPI Bus Interface (sometimes referred to as MicroWire)
+ 0 = /dev/spi0 First SPI device on the bus
+ 1 = /dev/spi1 Second SPI device on the bus
+ ...
+ 15 = /dev/spi15 Sixteenth SPI device on the bus
+
+ 153 block Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) storage units
+ 0 = /dev/emd/0 First unit
+ 1 = /dev/emd/0p1 Partition 1 on First unit
+ 2 = /dev/emd/0p2 Partition 2 on First unit
+ ...
+ 15 = /dev/emd/0p15 Partition 15 on First unit
+
+ 16 = /dev/emd/1 Second unit
+ 32 = /dev/emd/2 Third unit
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/emd/15 Sixteenth unit
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 154 char Specialix RIO serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttySR0 First RIO port
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/ttySR255 256th RIO port
+
+ 155 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cusr0 Callout device for ttySR0
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/cusr255 Callout device for ttySR255
+
+ 156 char Specialix RIO serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttySR256 257th RIO port
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/ttySR511 512th RIO port
+
+ 157 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cusr256 Callout device for ttySR256
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/cusr511 Callout device for ttySR511
+
+ 158 char Dialogic GammaLink fax driver
+ 0 = /dev/gfax0 GammaLink channel 0
+ 1 = /dev/gfax1 GammaLink channel 1
+ ...
+
+ 159 char RESERVED
+
+ 159 block RESERVED
+
+ 160 char General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB)
+ 0 = /dev/gpib0 First GPIB bus
+ 1 = /dev/gpib1 Second GPIB bus
+ ...
+
+ 160 block Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on First Controller
+ 0 = /dev/carmel/0 SATA disk 0 whole disk
+ 1 = /dev/carmel/0p1 SATA disk 0 partition 1
+ ...
+ 31 = /dev/carmel/0p31 SATA disk 0 partition 31
+
+ 32 = /dev/carmel/1 SATA disk 1 whole disk
+ 64 = /dev/carmel/2 SATA disk 2 whole disk
+ ...
+ 224 = /dev/carmel/7 SATA disk 7 whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 31.
+
+ 161 char IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation)
+ 0 = /dev/ircomm0 First IrCOMM device
+ 1 = /dev/ircomm1 Second IrCOMM device
+ ...
+ 16 = /dev/irlpt0 First IrLPT device
+ 17 = /dev/irlpt1 Second IrLPT device
+ ...
+
+ 161 block Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on Second Controller
+ 0 = /dev/carmel/8 SATA disk 8 whole disk
+ 1 = /dev/carmel/8p1 SATA disk 8 partition 1
+ ...
+ 31 = /dev/carmel/8p31 SATA disk 8 partition 31
+
+ 32 = /dev/carmel/9 SATA disk 9 whole disk
+ 64 = /dev/carmel/10 SATA disk 10 whole disk
+ ...
+ 224 = /dev/carmel/15 SATA disk 15 whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 31.
+
+ 162 char Used for (now removed) raw block device interface
+
+ 163 char
+
+ 164 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyCH0 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0
+ ...
+ 15 = /dev/ttyCH15 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 15
+ 16 = /dev/ttyCH16 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0
+ ...
+ 31 = /dev/ttyCH31 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 15
+ 32 = /dev/ttyCH32 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0
+ ...
+ 47 = /dev/ttyCH47 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 15
+ 48 = /dev/ttyCH48 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/ttyCH63 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15
+
+ 165 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cuch0 Callout device for ttyCH0
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/cuch63 Callout device for ttyCH63
+
+ 166 char ACM USB modems
+ 0 = /dev/ttyACM0 First ACM modem
+ 1 = /dev/ttyACM1 Second ACM modem
+ ...
+
+ 167 char ACM USB modems - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cuacm0 Callout device for ttyACM0
+ 1 = /dev/cuacm1 Callout device for ttyACM1
+ ...
+
+ 168 char Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor
+ 0 = /dev/ecsa0 First CSA7000
+ 1 = /dev/ecsa1 Second CSA7000
+ ...
+
+ 169 char Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor
+ 0 = /dev/ecsa8-0 First CSA8000
+ 1 = /dev/ecsa8-1 Second CSA8000
+ ...
+
+ 170 char AMI MegaRAC remote access controller
+ 0 = /dev/megarac0 First MegaRAC card
+ 1 = /dev/megarac1 Second MegaRAC card
+ ...
+
+ 171 char Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+
+ 172 char Moxa Intellio serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyMX0 First Moxa port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyMX1 Second Moxa port
+ ...
+ 127 = /dev/ttyMX127 128th Moxa port
+ 128 = /dev/moxactl Moxa control port
+
+ 173 char Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cumx0 Callout device for ttyMX0
+ 1 = /dev/cumx1 Callout device for ttyMX1
+ ...
+ 127 = /dev/cumx127 Callout device for ttyMX127
+
+ 174 char SmartIO serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttySI0 First SmartIO port
+ 1 = /dev/ttySI1 Second SmartIO port
+ ...
+
+ 175 char SmartIO serial card - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cusi0 Callout device for ttySI0
+ 1 = /dev/cusi1 Callout device for ttySI1
+ ...
+
+ 176 char nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator
+ 0 = /dev/nfastpci0 First nFast PCI device
+ 1 = /dev/nfastpci1 First nFast PCI device
+ ...
+
+ 177 char TI PCILynx memory spaces
+ 0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0 AUX space of first PCILynx card
+ ...
+ 15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card
+ 16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0 ROM space of first PCILynx card
+ ...
+ 31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card
+ 32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0 RAM space of first PCILynx card
+ ...
+ 47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card
+
+ 178 char Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter
+ 0 = /dev/clanvi0 First cLAN adapter
+ 1 = /dev/clanvi1 Second cLAN adapter
+ ...
+
+ 179 block MMC block devices
+ 0 = /dev/mmcblk0 First SD/MMC card
+ 1 = /dev/mmcblk0p1 First partition on first MMC card
+ 8 = /dev/mmcblk1 Second SD/MMC card
+ ...
+
+ The start of next SD/MMC card can be configured with
+ CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_MINORS, or overridden at boot/modprobe
+ time using the mmcblk.perdev_minors option. That would
+ bump the offset between each card to be the configured
+ value instead of the default 8.
+
+ 179 char CCube DVXChip-based PCI products
+ 0 = /dev/dvxirq0 First DVX device
+ 1 = /dev/dvxirq1 Second DVX device
+ ...
+
+ 180 char USB devices
+ 0 = /dev/usb/lp0 First USB printer
+ ...
+ 15 = /dev/usb/lp15 16th USB printer
+ 48 = /dev/usb/scanner0 First USB scanner
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner
+ 64 = /dev/usb/rio500 Diamond Rio 500
+ 65 = /dev/usb/usblcd USBLCD Interface (info@usblcd.de)
+ 66 = /dev/usb/cpad0 Synaptics cPad (mouse/LCD)
+ 96 = /dev/usb/hiddev0 1st USB HID device
+ ...
+ 111 = /dev/usb/hiddev15 16th USB HID device
+ 112 = /dev/usb/auer0 1st auerswald ISDN device
+ ...
+ 127 = /dev/usb/auer15 16th auerswald ISDN device
+ 128 = /dev/usb/brlvgr0 First Braille Voyager device
+ ...
+ 131 = /dev/usb/brlvgr3 Fourth Braille Voyager device
+ 132 = /dev/usb/idmouse ID Mouse (fingerprint scanner) device
+ 133 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga1 First SiSUSB VGA device
+ ...
+ 140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8 Eighth SISUSB VGA device
+ 144 = /dev/usb/lcd USB LCD device
+ 160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0 1st USB Legotower device
+ ...
+ 175 = /dev/usb/legousbtower15 16th USB Legotower device
+ 176 = /dev/usb/usbtmc1 First USB TMC device
+ ...
+ 191 = /dev/usb/usbtmc16 16th USB TMC device
+ 192 = /dev/usb/yurex1 First USB Yurex device
+ ...
+ 209 = /dev/usb/yurex16 16th USB Yurex device
+
+ 180 block USB block devices
+ 0 = /dev/uba First USB block device
+ 8 = /dev/ubb Second USB block device
+ 16 = /dev/ubc Third USB block device
+ ...
+
+ 181 char Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks
+ 0 = /dev/pcfclock0 First Conrad radio clock
+ 1 = /dev/pcfclock1 Second Conrad radio clock
+ ...
+
+ 182 char Picture Elements THR2 binarizer
+ 0 = /dev/pethr0 First THR2 board
+ 1 = /dev/pethr1 Second THR2 board
+ ...
+
+ 183 char SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface
+ 0 = /dev/ss5136dn0 First DeviceNet interface
+ 1 = /dev/ss5136dn1 Second DeviceNet interface
+ ...
+
+ This device used to be assigned to major number 144.
+ It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict.
+
+ 184 char Picture Elements' video simulator/sender
+ 0 = /dev/pevss0 First sender board
+ 1 = /dev/pevss1 Second sender board
+ ...
+
+ 185 char InterMezzo high availability file system
+ 0 = /dev/intermezzo0 First cache manager
+ 1 = /dev/intermezzo1 Second cache manager
+ ...
+
+ See http://web.archive.org/web/20080115195241/
+ http://inter-mezzo.org/index.html
+
+ 186 char Object-based storage control device
+ 0 = /dev/obd0 First obd control device
+ 1 = /dev/obd1 Second obd control device
+ ...
+
+ See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information.
+
+ 187 char DESkey hardware encryption device
+ 0 = /dev/deskey0 First DES key
+ 1 = /dev/deskey1 Second DES key
+ ...
+
+ 188 char USB serial converters
+ 0 = /dev/ttyUSB0 First USB serial converter
+ 1 = /dev/ttyUSB1 Second USB serial converter
+ ...
+
+ 189 char USB serial converters - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cuusb0 Callout device for ttyUSB0
+ 1 = /dev/cuusb1 Callout device for ttyUSB1
+ ...
+
+ 190 char Kansas City tracker/tuner card
+ 0 = /dev/kctt0 First KCT/T card
+ 1 = /dev/kctt1 Second KCT/T card
+ ...
+
+ 191 char Reserved for PCMCIA
+
+ 192 char Kernel profiling interface
+ 0 = /dev/profile Profiling control device
+ 1 = /dev/profile0 Profiling device for CPU 0
+ 2 = /dev/profile1 Profiling device for CPU 1
+ ...
+
+ 193 char Kernel event-tracing interface
+ 0 = /dev/trace Tracing control device
+ 1 = /dev/trace0 Tracing device for CPU 0
+ 2 = /dev/trace1 Tracing device for CPU 1
+ ...
+
+ 194 char linVideoStreams (LINVS)
+ 0 = /dev/mvideo/status0 Video compression status
+ 1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0 Video stream
+ 2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0 Single compressed frame
+ 3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0 Raw uncompressed frame
+ 4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0 Direct codec access
+ 5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0 Video4Linux compatibility
+
+ 16 = /dev/mvideo/status1 Second device
+ ...
+ 32 = /dev/mvideo/status2 Third device
+ ...
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/mvideo/status15 16th device
+ ...
+
+ 195 char Nvidia graphics devices
+ 0 = /dev/nvidia0 First Nvidia card
+ 1 = /dev/nvidia1 Second Nvidia card
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/nvidiactl Nvidia card control device
+
+ 196 char Tormenta T1 card
+ 0 = /dev/tor/0 Master control channel for all cards
+ 1 = /dev/tor/1 First DS0
+ 2 = /dev/tor/2 Second DS0
+ ...
+ 48 = /dev/tor/48 48th DS0
+ 49 = /dev/tor/49 First pseudo-channel
+ 50 = /dev/tor/50 Second pseudo-channel
+ ...
+
+ 197 char OpenTNF tracing facility
+ 0 = /dev/tnf/t0 Trace 0 data extraction
+ 1 = /dev/tnf/t1 Trace 1 data extraction
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/tnf/status Tracing facility status
+ 130 = /dev/tnf/trace Tracing device
+
+ 198 char Total Impact TPMP2 quad coprocessor PCI card
+ 0 = /dev/tpmp2/0 First card
+ 1 = /dev/tpmp2/1 Second card
+ ...
+
+ 199 char Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
+ 0 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* First volume
+ 1 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* Second volume
+ ...
+
+ 199 block Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
+ 0 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* First volume
+ 1 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* Second volume
+ ...
+
+ The namespace in these directories is maintained by
+ the user space VxVM software.
+
+ 200 char Veritas VxVM configuration interface
+ 0 = /dev/vx/config Configuration access node
+ 1 = /dev/vx/trace Volume i/o trace access node
+ 2 = /dev/vx/iod Volume i/o daemon access node
+ 3 = /dev/vx/info Volume information access node
+ 4 = /dev/vx/task Volume tasks access node
+ 5 = /dev/vx/taskmon Volume tasks monitor daemon
+
+ 201 char Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
+ 0 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* First multipath device
+ 1 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* Second multipath device
+ ...
+ 201 block Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
+ 0 = /dev/vx/dmp/* First multipath device
+ 1 = /dev/vx/dmp/* Second multipath device
+ ...
+
+ The namespace in these directories is maintained by
+ the user space VxVM software.
+
+ 202 char CPU model-specific registers
+ 0 = /dev/cpu/0/msr MSRs on CPU 0
+ 1 = /dev/cpu/1/msr MSRs on CPU 1
+ ...
+
+ 202 block Xen Virtual Block Device
+ 0 = /dev/xvda First Xen VBD whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/xvdb Second Xen VBD whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/xvdc Third Xen VBD whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/xvdp Sixteenth Xen VBD whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
+ 203 char CPU CPUID information
+ 0 = /dev/cpu/0/cpuid CPUID on CPU 0
+ 1 = /dev/cpu/1/cpuid CPUID on CPU 1
+ ...
+
+ 204 char Low-density serial ports
+ 0 = /dev/ttyLU0 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 0
+ 1 = /dev/ttyLU1 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 1
+ 2 = /dev/ttyLU2 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 2
+ 3 = /dev/ttyLU3 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 3
+ 4 = /dev/ttyFB0 Intel Footbridge (ARM)
+ 5 = /dev/ttySA0 StrongARM builtin serial port 0
+ 6 = /dev/ttySA1 StrongARM builtin serial port 1
+ 7 = /dev/ttySA2 StrongARM builtin serial port 2
+ 8 = /dev/ttySC0 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 0
+ 9 = /dev/ttySC1 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 1
+ 10 = /dev/ttySC2 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 2
+ 11 = /dev/ttySC3 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 3
+ 12 = /dev/ttyFW0 Firmware console - port 0
+ 13 = /dev/ttyFW1 Firmware console - port 1
+ 14 = /dev/ttyFW2 Firmware console - port 2
+ 15 = /dev/ttyFW3 Firmware console - port 3
+ 16 = /dev/ttyAM0 ARM "AMBA" serial port 0
+ ...
+ 31 = /dev/ttyAM15 ARM "AMBA" serial port 15
+ 32 = /dev/ttyDB0 DataBooster serial port 0
+ ...
+ 39 = /dev/ttyDB7 DataBooster serial port 7
+ 40 = /dev/ttySG0 SGI Altix console port
+ 41 = /dev/ttySMX0 Motorola i.MX - port 0
+ 42 = /dev/ttySMX1 Motorola i.MX - port 1
+ 43 = /dev/ttySMX2 Motorola i.MX - port 2
+ 44 = /dev/ttyMM0 Marvell MPSC - port 0 (obsolete unused)
+ 45 = /dev/ttyMM1 Marvell MPSC - port 1 (obsolete unused)
+ 46 = /dev/ttyCPM0 PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 0
+ ...
+ 51 = /dev/ttyCPM5 PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 5
+ 82 = /dev/ttyVR0 NEC VR4100 series SIU
+ 83 = /dev/ttyVR1 NEC VR4100 series DSIU
+ 148 = /dev/ttyPSC0 PPC PSC - port 0
+ ...
+ 153 = /dev/ttyPSC5 PPC PSC - port 5
+ 154 = /dev/ttyAT0 ATMEL serial port 0
+ ...
+ 169 = /dev/ttyAT15 ATMEL serial port 15
+ 170 = /dev/ttyNX0 Hilscher netX serial port 0
+ ...
+ 185 = /dev/ttyNX15 Hilscher netX serial port 15
+ 186 = /dev/ttyJ0 JTAG1 DCC protocol based serial port emulation
+
+ If maximum number of uartlite serial ports is more than 4, then the driver
+ uses dynamic allocation instead of static allocation for major number.
+ 187 = /dev/ttyUL0 Xilinx uartlite - port 0
+ ...
+ 190 = /dev/ttyUL3 Xilinx uartlite - port 3
+ 191 = /dev/xvc0 Xen virtual console - port 0
+ 192 = /dev/ttyPZ0 pmac_zilog - port 0
+ ...
+ 195 = /dev/ttyPZ3 pmac_zilog - port 3
+ 196 = /dev/ttyTX0 TX39/49 serial port 0
+ ...
+ 204 = /dev/ttyTX7 TX39/49 serial port 7
+ 205 = /dev/ttySC0 SC26xx serial port 0
+ 206 = /dev/ttySC1 SC26xx serial port 1
+ 207 = /dev/ttySC2 SC26xx serial port 2
+ 208 = /dev/ttySC3 SC26xx serial port 3
+ 209 = /dev/ttyMAX0 MAX3100 serial port 0
+ 210 = /dev/ttyMAX1 MAX3100 serial port 1
+ 211 = /dev/ttyMAX2 MAX3100 serial port 2
+ 212 = /dev/ttyMAX3 MAX3100 serial port 3
+
+ 205 char Low-density serial ports (alternate device)
+ 0 = /dev/culu0 Callout device for ttyLU0
+ 1 = /dev/culu1 Callout device for ttyLU1
+ 2 = /dev/culu2 Callout device for ttyLU2
+ 3 = /dev/culu3 Callout device for ttyLU3
+ 4 = /dev/cufb0 Callout device for ttyFB0
+ 5 = /dev/cusa0 Callout device for ttySA0
+ 6 = /dev/cusa1 Callout device for ttySA1
+ 7 = /dev/cusa2 Callout device for ttySA2
+ 8 = /dev/cusc0 Callout device for ttySC0
+ 9 = /dev/cusc1 Callout device for ttySC1
+ 10 = /dev/cusc2 Callout device for ttySC2
+ 11 = /dev/cusc3 Callout device for ttySC3
+ 12 = /dev/cufw0 Callout device for ttyFW0
+ 13 = /dev/cufw1 Callout device for ttyFW1
+ 14 = /dev/cufw2 Callout device for ttyFW2
+ 15 = /dev/cufw3 Callout device for ttyFW3
+ 16 = /dev/cuam0 Callout device for ttyAM0
+ ...
+ 31 = /dev/cuam15 Callout device for ttyAM15
+ 32 = /dev/cudb0 Callout device for ttyDB0
+ ...
+ 39 = /dev/cudb7 Callout device for ttyDB7
+ 40 = /dev/cusg0 Callout device for ttySG0
+ 41 = /dev/ttycusmx0 Callout device for ttySMX0
+ 42 = /dev/ttycusmx1 Callout device for ttySMX1
+ 43 = /dev/ttycusmx2 Callout device for ttySMX2
+ 46 = /dev/cucpm0 Callout device for ttyCPM0
+ ...
+ 51 = /dev/cucpm5 Callout device for ttyCPM5
+ 82 = /dev/cuvr0 Callout device for ttyVR0
+ 83 = /dev/cuvr1 Callout device for ttyVR1
+
+ 206 char OnStream SC-x0 tape devices
+ 0 = /dev/osst0 First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
+ 1 = /dev/osst1 Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
+ ...
+ 32 = /dev/osst0l First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
+ 33 = /dev/osst1l Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
+ ...
+ 64 = /dev/osst0m First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
+ 65 = /dev/osst1m Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
+ ...
+ 96 = /dev/osst0a First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
+ 97 = /dev/osst1a Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/nosst0 No rewind version of /dev/osst0
+ 129 = /dev/nosst1 No rewind version of /dev/osst1
+ ...
+ 160 = /dev/nosst0l No rewind version of /dev/osst0l
+ 161 = /dev/nosst1l No rewind version of /dev/osst1l
+ ...
+ 192 = /dev/nosst0m No rewind version of /dev/osst0m
+ 193 = /dev/nosst1m No rewind version of /dev/osst1m
+ ...
+ 224 = /dev/nosst0a No rewind version of /dev/osst0a
+ 225 = /dev/nosst1a No rewind version of /dev/osst1a
+ ...
+
+ The OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tapes do not support the
+ standard SCSI SASD command set and therefore need
+ their own driver "osst". Note that the IDE, USB (and
+ maybe ParPort) versions may be driven via ide-scsi or
+ usb-storage SCSI emulation and this osst device and
+ driver as well. The ADR-x0 drives are QIC-157
+ compliant and don't need osst.
+
+ 207 char Compaq ProLiant health feature indicate
+ 0 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpqw Redirector interface
+ 1 = /dev/cpqhealth/crom EISA CROM
+ 2 = /dev/cpqhealth/cdt Data Table
+ 3 = /dev/cpqhealth/cevt Event Log
+ 4 = /dev/cpqhealth/casr Automatic Server Recovery
+ 5 = /dev/cpqhealth/cecc ECC Memory
+ 6 = /dev/cpqhealth/cmca Machine Check Architecture
+ 7 = /dev/cpqhealth/ccsm Deprecated CDT
+ 8 = /dev/cpqhealth/cnmi NMI Handling
+ 9 = /dev/cpqhealth/css Sideshow Management
+ 10 = /dev/cpqhealth/cram CMOS interface
+ 11 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpci PCI IRQ interface
+
+ 208 char User space serial ports
+ 0 = /dev/ttyU0 First user space serial port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyU1 Second user space serial port
+ ...
+
+ 209 char User space serial ports (alternate devices)
+ 0 = /dev/cuu0 Callout device for ttyU0
+ 1 = /dev/cuu1 Callout device for ttyU1
+ ...
+
+ 210 char SBE, Inc. sync/async serial card
+ 0 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg0 Configuration device for board 0
+ 1 = /dev/sbei/dld0 Download device for board 0
+ 2 = /dev/sbei/wan00 WAN device, port 0, board 0
+ 3 = /dev/sbei/wan01 WAN device, port 1, board 0
+ 4 = /dev/sbei/wan02 WAN device, port 2, board 0
+ 5 = /dev/sbei/wan03 WAN device, port 3, board 0
+ 6 = /dev/sbei/wanc00 WAN clone device, port 0, board 0
+ 7 = /dev/sbei/wanc01 WAN clone device, port 1, board 0
+ 8 = /dev/sbei/wanc02 WAN clone device, port 2, board 0
+ 9 = /dev/sbei/wanc03 WAN clone device, port 3, board 0
+ 10 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg1 Configuration device for board 1
+ 11 = /dev/sbei/dld1 Download device for board 1
+ 12 = /dev/sbei/wan10 WAN device, port 0, board 1
+ 13 = /dev/sbei/wan11 WAN device, port 1, board 1
+ 14 = /dev/sbei/wan12 WAN device, port 2, board 1
+ 15 = /dev/sbei/wan13 WAN device, port 3, board 1
+ 16 = /dev/sbei/wanc10 WAN clone device, port 0, board 1
+ 17 = /dev/sbei/wanc11 WAN clone device, port 1, board 1
+ 18 = /dev/sbei/wanc12 WAN clone device, port 2, board 1
+ 19 = /dev/sbei/wanc13 WAN clone device, port 3, board 1
+ ...
+
+ Yes, each board is really spaced 10 (decimal) apart.
+
+ 211 char Addinum CPCI1500 digital I/O card
+ 0 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/0 First CPCI1500 card
+ 1 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/1 Second CPCI1500 card
+ ...
+
+ 212 char LinuxTV.org DVB driver subsystem
+ 0 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0 first video decoder of first card
+ 1 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0 first audio decoder of first card
+ 2 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/sec0 (obsolete/unused)
+ 3 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0 first frontend device of first card
+ 4 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0 first demux device of first card
+ 5 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0 first digital video recoder device of first card
+ 6 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0 first common access port of first card
+ 7 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/net0 first network device of first card
+ 8 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/osd0 first on-screen-display device of first card
+ 9 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video1 second video decoder of first card
+ ...
+ 64 = /dev/dvb/adapter1/video0 first video decoder of second card
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/dvb/adapter2/video0 first video decoder of third card
+ ...
+ 196 = /dev/dvb/adapter3/video0 first video decoder of fourth card
+
+ 216 char Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices
+ 0 = /dev/rfcomm0 First Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
+ 1 = /dev/rfcomm1 Second Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
+ ...
+
+ 217 char Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices (alternate devices)
+ 0 = /dev/curf0 Callout device for rfcomm0
+ 1 = /dev/curf1 Callout device for rfcomm1
+ ...
+
+ 218 char The Logical Company bus Unibus/Qbus adapters
+ 0 = /dev/logicalco/bci/0 First bus adapter
+ 1 = /dev/logicalco/bci/1 First bus adapter
+ ...
+
+ 219 char The Logical Company DCI-1300 digital I/O card
+ 0 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/0 First DCI-1300 card
+ 1 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/1 Second DCI-1300 card
+ ...
+
+ 220 char Myricom Myrinet "GM" board
+ 0 = /dev/myricom/gm0 First Myrinet GM board
+ 1 = /dev/myricom/gmp0 First board "root access"
+ 2 = /dev/myricom/gm1 Second Myrinet GM board
+ 3 = /dev/myricom/gmp1 Second board "root access"
+ ...
+
+ 221 char VME bus
+ 0 = /dev/bus/vme/m0 First master image
+ 1 = /dev/bus/vme/m1 Second master image
+ 2 = /dev/bus/vme/m2 Third master image
+ 3 = /dev/bus/vme/m3 Fourth master image
+ 4 = /dev/bus/vme/s0 First slave image
+ 5 = /dev/bus/vme/s1 Second slave image
+ 6 = /dev/bus/vme/s2 Third slave image
+ 7 = /dev/bus/vme/s3 Fourth slave image
+ 8 = /dev/bus/vme/ctl Control
+
+ It is expected that all VME bus drivers will use the
+ same interface. For interface documentation see
+ http://www.vmelinux.org/.
+
+ 224 char A2232 serial card
+ 0 = /dev/ttyY0 First A2232 port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyY1 Second A2232 port
+ ...
+
+ 225 char A2232 serial card (alternate devices)
+ 0 = /dev/cuy0 Callout device for ttyY0
+ 1 = /dev/cuy1 Callout device for ttyY1
+ ...
+
+ 226 char Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)
+ 0 = /dev/dri/card0 First graphics card
+ 1 = /dev/dri/card1 Second graphics card
+ ...
+
+ 227 char IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access
+ 1 = /dev/3270/tty1 First 3270 terminal
+ 2 = /dev/3270/tty2 Seconds 3270 terminal
+ ...
+
+ 228 char IBM 3270 terminal block-mode access
+ 0 = /dev/3270/tub Controlling interface
+ 1 = /dev/3270/tub1 First 3270 terminal
+ 2 = /dev/3270/tub2 Second 3270 terminal
+ ...
+
+ 229 char IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console
+ 0 = /dev/hvc0 First console port
+ 1 = /dev/hvc1 Second console port
+ ...
+
+ 230 char IBM iSeries virtual tape
+ 0 = /dev/iseries/vt0 First virtual tape, mode 0
+ 1 = /dev/iseries/vt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0
+ ...
+ 32 = /dev/iseries/vt0l First virtual tape, mode 1
+ 33 = /dev/iseries/vt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1
+ ...
+ 64 = /dev/iseries/vt0m First virtual tape, mode 2
+ 65 = /dev/iseries/vt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2
+ ...
+ 96 = /dev/iseries/vt0a First virtual tape, mode 3
+ 97 = /dev/iseries/vt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3
+ ...
+ 128 = /dev/iseries/nvt0 First virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
+ 129 = /dev/iseries/nvt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
+ ...
+ 160 = /dev/iseries/nvt0l First virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
+ 161 = /dev/iseries/nvt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
+ ...
+ 192 = /dev/iseries/nvt0m First virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
+ 193 = /dev/iseries/nvt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
+ ...
+ 224 = /dev/iseries/nvt0a First virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
+ 225 = /dev/iseries/nvt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
+ ...
+
+ "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
+ automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL
+ ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
+ the device used to access it.
+
+ 231 char InfiniBand
+ 0 = /dev/infiniband/umad0
+ 1 = /dev/infiniband/umad1
+ ...
+ 63 = /dev/infiniband/umad63 63rd InfiniBandMad device
+ 64 = /dev/infiniband/issm0 First InfiniBand IsSM device
+ 65 = /dev/infiniband/issm1 Second InfiniBand IsSM device
+ ...
+ 127 = /dev/infiniband/issm63 63rd InfiniBand IsSM device
+ 192 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs0 First InfiniBand verbs device
+ 193 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs1 Second InfiniBand verbs device
+ ...
+ 223 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs31 31st InfiniBand verbs device
+
+ 232 char Biometric Devices
+ 0 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on first device
+ 1 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/iris first iris sensor on first device
+ 2 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/retina first retina sensor on first device
+ 3 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/voiceprint first voiceprint sensor on first device
+ 4 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/facial first facial sensor on first device
+ 5 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/hand first hand sensor on first device
+ ...
+ 10 = /dev/biometric/sensor1/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on second device
+ ...
+ 20 = /dev/biometric/sensor2/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on third device
+ ...
+
+ 233 char PathScale InfiniPath interconnect
+ 0 = /dev/ipath Primary device for programs (any unit)
+ 1 = /dev/ipath0 Access specifically to unit 0
+ 2 = /dev/ipath1 Access specifically to unit 1
+ ...
+ 4 = /dev/ipath3 Access specifically to unit 3
+ 129 = /dev/ipath_sma Device used by Subnet Management Agent
+ 130 = /dev/ipath_diag Device used by diagnostics programs
+
+ 234-254 char RESERVED FOR DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT
+ Character devices that request a dynamic allocation of major number will
+ take numbers starting from 254 and downward.
+
+ 240-254 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
+ Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not
+ assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
+ used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
+
+ 255 char RESERVED
+
+ 255 block RESERVED
+
+ This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
+ larger number space. No device nodes with this major
+ should ever be created on the filesystem.
+ (This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it
+ for now /Torben)
+
+ ---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!---
+
+ 256 char Equinox SST multi-port serial boards
+ 0 = /dev/ttyEQ0 First serial port on first Equinox SST board
+ 127 = /dev/ttyEQ127 Last serial port on first Equinox SST board
+ 128 = /dev/ttyEQ128 First serial port on second Equinox SST board
+ ...
+ 1027 = /dev/ttyEQ1027 Last serial port on eighth Equinox SST board
+
+ 256 block Resident Flash Disk Flash Translation Layer
+ 0 = /dev/rfda First RFD FTL layer
+ 16 = /dev/rfdb Second RFD FTL layer
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/rfdp 16th RFD FTL layer
+
+ 257 char Phoenix Technologies Cryptographic Services Driver
+ 0 = /dev/ptlsec Crypto Services Driver
+
+ 257 block SSFDC Flash Translation Layer filesystem
+ 0 = /dev/ssfdca First SSFDC layer
+ 8 = /dev/ssfdcb Second SSFDC layer
+ 16 = /dev/ssfdcc Third SSFDC layer
+ 24 = /dev/ssfdcd 4th SSFDC layer
+ 32 = /dev/ssfdce 5th SSFDC layer
+ 40 = /dev/ssfdcf 6th SSFDC layer
+ 48 = /dev/ssfdcg 7th SSFDC layer
+ 56 = /dev/ssfdch 8th SSFDC layer
+
+ 258 block ROM/Flash read-only translation layer
+ 0 = /dev/blockrom0 First ROM card's translation layer interface
+ 1 = /dev/blockrom1 Second ROM card's translation layer interface
+ ...
+
+ 259 block Block Extended Major
+ Used dynamically to hold additional partition minor
+ numbers and allow large numbers of partitions per device
+
+ 259 char FPGA configuration interfaces
+ 0 = /dev/icap0 First Xilinx internal configuration
+ 1 = /dev/icap1 Second Xilinx internal configuration
+
+ 260 char OSD (Object-based-device) SCSI Device
+ 0 = /dev/osd0 First OSD Device
+ 1 = /dev/osd1 Second OSD Device
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/osd255 256th OSD Device
+
+ 261 char Compute Acceleration Devices
+ 0 = /dev/accel/accel0 First acceleration device
+ 1 = /dev/accel/accel1 Second acceleration device
+ ...
+
+ 384-511 char RESERVED FOR DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT
+ Character devices that request a dynamic allocation of major
+ number will take numbers starting from 511 and downward,
+ once the 234-254 range is full.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7c036590cd07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+Dynamic debug
++++++++++++++
+
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+Dynamic debug allows you to dynamically enable/disable kernel
+debug-print code to obtain additional kernel information.
+
+If ``/proc/dynamic_debug/control`` exists, your kernel has dynamic
+debug. You'll need root access (sudo su) to use this.
+
+Dynamic debug provides:
+
+ * a Catalog of all *prdbgs* in your kernel.
+ ``cat /proc/dynamic_debug/control`` to see them.
+
+ * a Simple query/command language to alter *prdbgs* by selecting on
+ any combination of 0 or 1 of:
+
+ - source filename
+ - function name
+ - line number (including ranges of line numbers)
+ - module name
+ - format string
+ - class name (as known/declared by each module)
+
+NOTE: To actually get the debug-print output on the console, you may
+need to adjust the kernel ``loglevel=``, or use ``ignore_loglevel``.
+Read about these kernel parameters in
+Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst.
+
+Viewing Dynamic Debug Behaviour
+===============================
+
+You can view the currently configured behaviour in the *prdbg* catalog::
+
+ :#> head -n7 /proc/dynamic_debug/control
+ # filename:lineno [module]function flags format
+ init/main.c:1179 [main]initcall_blacklist =_ "blacklisting initcall %s\012
+ init/main.c:1218 [main]initcall_blacklisted =_ "initcall %s blacklisted\012"
+ init/main.c:1424 [main]run_init_process =_ " with arguments:\012"
+ init/main.c:1426 [main]run_init_process =_ " %s\012"
+ init/main.c:1427 [main]run_init_process =_ " with environment:\012"
+ init/main.c:1429 [main]run_init_process =_ " %s\012"
+
+The 3rd space-delimited column shows the current flags, preceded by
+a ``=`` for easy use with grep/cut. ``=p`` shows enabled callsites.
+
+Controlling dynamic debug Behaviour
+===================================
+
+The behaviour of *prdbg* sites are controlled by writing
+query/commands to the control file. Example::
+
+ # grease the interface
+ :#> alias ddcmd='echo $* > /proc/dynamic_debug/control'
+
+ :#> ddcmd '-p; module main func run* +p'
+ :#> grep =p /proc/dynamic_debug/control
+ init/main.c:1424 [main]run_init_process =p " with arguments:\012"
+ init/main.c:1426 [main]run_init_process =p " %s\012"
+ init/main.c:1427 [main]run_init_process =p " with environment:\012"
+ init/main.c:1429 [main]run_init_process =p " %s\012"
+
+Error messages go to console/syslog::
+
+ :#> ddcmd mode foo +p
+ dyndbg: unknown keyword "mode"
+ dyndbg: query parse failed
+ bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument