#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 #define _GNU_SOURCE #define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1 #define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64 #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* The 32bit and 64bit note headers make it clear we don't care */ typedef Elf32_Nhdr Elf_Nhdr; static const char *fname; static Elf64_Ehdr ehdr; static Elf64_Phdr *phdr; static char osrelease[4096]; static loff_t log_buf_vaddr; static loff_t log_end_vaddr; static loff_t log_buf_len_vaddr; static loff_t logged_chars_vaddr; /* record format logs */ static loff_t log_first_idx_vaddr; static loff_t log_next_idx_vaddr; /* struct printk_log (or older log) size */ static uint64_t log_sz; /* struct printk_log (or older log) field offsets */ static uint64_t log_offset_ts_nsec = UINT64_MAX; static uint16_t log_offset_len = UINT16_MAX; static uint16_t log_offset_text_len = UINT16_MAX; #if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN #define ELFDATANATIVE ELFDATA2LSB #elif __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN #define ELFDATANATIVE ELFDATA2MSB #else #error "Unknown machine endian" #endif static uint16_t file16_to_cpu(uint16_t val) { if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATANATIVE) val = bswap_16(val); return val; } static uint32_t file32_to_cpu(uint32_t val) { if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATANATIVE) val = bswap_32(val); return val; } static uint64_t file64_to_cpu(uint64_t val) { if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATANATIVE) val = bswap_64(val); return val; } static uint64_t vaddr_to_offset(uint64_t vaddr) { /* Just hand the simple case where kexec gets * the virtual address on the program headers right. */ ssize_t i; for (i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++) { if (phdr[i].p_vaddr > vaddr) continue; if ((phdr[i].p_vaddr + phdr[i].p_memsz) <= vaddr) continue; return (vaddr - phdr[i].p_vaddr) + phdr[i].p_offset; } fprintf(stderr, "No program header covering vaddr 0x%llxfound kexec bug?\n", (unsigned long long)vaddr); exit(30); } static unsigned machine_pointer_bits(void) { uint8_t bits = 0; /* Default to the size of the elf class */ switch(ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS]) { case ELFCLASS32: bits = 32; break; case ELFCLASS64: bits = 64; break; } /* Report the architectures pointer size */ switch(ehdr.e_machine) { case EM_386: bits = 32; break; } return bits; } static void read_elf32(int fd) { Elf32_Ehdr ehdr32; Elf32_Phdr *phdr32; size_t phdrs32_size; ssize_t ret, i; ret = pread(fd, &ehdr32, sizeof(ehdr32), 0); if (ret != sizeof(ehdr32)) { fprintf(stderr, "Read of Elf header from %s failed: %s\n", fname, strerror(errno)); exit(10); } ehdr.e_type = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_type); ehdr.e_machine = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_machine); ehdr.e_version = file32_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_version); ehdr.e_entry = file32_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_entry); ehdr.e_phoff = file32_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_phoff); ehdr.e_shoff = file32_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_shoff); ehdr.e_flags = file32_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_flags); ehdr.e_ehsize = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_ehsize); ehdr.e_phentsize = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_phentsize); ehdr.e_phnum = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_phnum); ehdr.e_shentsize = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_shentsize); ehdr.e_shnum = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_shnum); ehdr.e_shstrndx = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_shstrndx); if (ehdr.e_version != EV_CURRENT) { fprintf(stderr, "Bad Elf header version %u\n", ehdr.e_version); exit(11); } if (ehdr.e_phentsize != sizeof(Elf32_Phdr)) { fprintf(stderr, "Bad Elf progra header size %u expected %zu\n", ehdr.e_phentsize, sizeof(Elf32_Phdr)); exit(12); } phdrs32_size = ehdr.e_phnum * sizeof(Elf32_Phdr); phdr32 = calloc(ehdr.e_phnum, sizeof(Elf32_Phdr)); if (!phdr32) { fprintf(stderr, "Calloc of %u phdrs32 failed: %s\n", ehdr.e_phnum, strerror(errno)); exit(14); } phdr = calloc(ehdr.e_phnum, sizeof(Elf64_Phdr)); if (!phdr) { fprintf(stderr, "Calloc of %u phdrs failed: %s\n", ehdr.e_phnum, strerror(errno)); exit(15); } ret = pread(fd, phdr32, phdrs32_size, ehdr.e_phoff); if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret != phdrs32_size) { fprintf(stderr, "Read of program header @ 0x%llu for %zu bytes failed: %s\n", (unsigned long long)ehdr.e_phoff, phdrs32_size, strerror(errno)); exit(16); } for (i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++) { phdr[i].p_type = file32_to_cpu(phdr32[i].p_type); phdr[i].p_offset = file32_to_cpu(phdr32[i].p_offset); phdr[i].p_vaddr = file32_to_cpu(phdr32[i].p_vaddr); phdr[i].p_paddr = file32_to_cpu(phdr32[i].p_paddr); phdr[i].p_filesz = file32_to_cpu(phdr32[i].p_filesz); phdr[i].p_memsz = file32_to_cpu(phdr32[i].p_memsz); phdr[i].p_flags = file32_to_cpu(phdr32[i].p_flags); phdr[i].p_align = file32_to_cpu(phdr32[i].p_align); } free(phdr32); } static void read_elf64(int fd) { Elf64_Ehdr ehdr64; Elf64_Phdr *phdr64; size_t phdrs_size; ssize_t ret, i; ret = pread(fd, &ehdr64, sizeof(ehdr64), 0); if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret != sizeof(ehdr)) { fprintf(stderr, "Read of Elf header from %s failed: %s\n", fname, strerror(errno)); exit(10); } ehdr.e_type = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_type); ehdr.e_machine = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_machine); ehdr.e_version = file32_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_version); ehdr.e_entry = file64_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_entry); ehdr.e_phoff = file64_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_phoff); ehdr.e_shoff = file64_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_shoff); ehdr.e_flags = file32_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_flags); ehdr.e_ehsize = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_ehsize); ehdr.e_phentsize = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_phentsize); ehdr.e_phnum = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_phnum); ehdr.e_shentsize = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_shentsize); ehdr.e_shnum = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_shnum); ehdr.e_shstrndx = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_shstrndx); if (ehdr.e_version != EV_CURRENT) { fprintf(stderr, "Bad Elf header version %u\n", ehdr.e_version); exit(11); } if (ehdr.e_phentsize != sizeof(Elf64_Phdr)) { fprintf(stderr, "Bad Elf progra header size %u expected %zu\n", ehdr.e_phentsize, sizeof(Elf64_Phdr)); exit(12); } phdrs_size = ehdr.e_phnum * sizeof(Elf64_Phdr); phdr64 = calloc(ehdr.e_phnum, sizeof(Elf64_Phdr)); if (!phdr64) { fprintf(stderr, "Calloc of %u phdrs64 failed: %s\n", ehdr.e_phnum, strerror(errno)); exit(14); } phdr = calloc(ehdr.e_phnum, sizeof(Elf64_Phdr)); if (!phdr) { fprintf(stderr, "Calloc of %u phdrs failed: %s\n", ehdr.e_phnum, strerror(errno)); exit(15); } ret = pread(fd, phdr64, phdrs_size, ehdr.e_phoff); if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret != phdrs_size) { fprintf(stderr, "Read of program header @ %llu for %zu bytes failed: %s\n", (unsigned long long)(ehdr.e_phoff), phdrs_size, strerror(errno)); exit(16); } for (i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++) { phdr[i].p_type = file32_to_cpu(phdr64[i].p_type); phdr[i].p_flags = file32_to_cpu(phdr64[i].p_flags); phdr[i].p_offset = file64_to_cpu(phdr64[i].p_offset); phdr[i].p_vaddr = file64_to_cpu(phdr64[i].p_vaddr); phdr[i].p_paddr = file64_to_cpu(phdr64[i].p_paddr); phdr[i].p_filesz = file64_to_cpu(phdr64[i].p_filesz); phdr[i].p_memsz = file64_to_cpu(phdr64[i].p_memsz); phdr[i].p_align = file64_to_cpu(phdr64[i].p_align); } free(phdr64); } static void scan_vmcoreinfo(char *start, size_t size) { char *last = start + size - 1; char *pos, *eol; char temp_buf[1024]; bool last_line = false; char *str; #define SYMBOL(sym) { \ .str = "SYMBOL(" #sym ")=", \ .name = #sym, \ .len = sizeof("SYMBOL(" #sym ")=") - 1, \ .vaddr = & sym ## _vaddr, \ } static struct symbol { const char *str; const char *name; size_t len; loff_t *vaddr; } symbol[] = { SYMBOL(log_buf), SYMBOL(log_end), SYMBOL(log_buf_len), SYMBOL(logged_chars), SYMBOL(log_first_idx), SYMBOL(log_next_idx), }; for (pos = start; pos <= last; pos = eol + 1) { size_t len, i; /* Find the end of the current line */ for (eol = pos; (eol <= last) && (*eol != '\n') ; eol++) ; if (eol > last) { /* * We did not find \n and note ended. Currently kernel * is appending last field CRASH_TIME without \n. It * is ugly but handle it. */ eol = last; len = eol - pos + 1; if (len >= sizeof(temp_buf)) len = sizeof(temp_buf) - 1; strncpy(temp_buf, pos, len); temp_buf[len + 1] = '\0'; pos = temp_buf; len = len + 1; eol = pos + len -1; last_line = true; } else { len = eol - pos + 1; } /* Stomp the last character so I am guaranteed a terminating null */ *eol = '\0'; /* Copy OSRELEASE if I see it */ if ((len >= 10) && (memcmp("OSRELEASE=", pos, 10) == 0)) { size_t to_copy = len - 10; if (to_copy >= sizeof(osrelease)) to_copy = sizeof(osrelease) - 1; memcpy(osrelease, pos + 10, to_copy); osrelease[to_copy] = '\0'; } /* See if the line is mentions a symbol I am looking for */ for (i = 0; i < sizeof(symbol)/sizeof(symbol[0]); i++ ) { unsigned long long vaddr; if (symbol[i].len >= len) continue; if (memcmp(symbol[i].str, pos, symbol[i].len) != 0) continue; /* Found a symbol now decode it */ vaddr = strtoull(pos + symbol[i].len, NULL, 16); /* Remember the virtual address */ *symbol[i].vaddr = vaddr; } /* Check for "SIZE(printk_log)" or older "SIZE(log)=" */ str = "SIZE(log)="; if (memcmp(str, pos, strlen(str)) == 0) log_sz = strtoull(pos + strlen(str), NULL, 10); str = "SIZE(printk_log)="; if (memcmp(str, pos, strlen(str)) == 0) log_sz = strtoull(pos + strlen(str), NULL, 10); /* Check for struct printk_log (or older log) field offsets */ str = "OFFSET(log.ts_nsec)="; if (memcmp(str, pos, strlen(str)) == 0) log_offset_ts_nsec = strtoull(pos + strlen(str), NULL, 10); str = "OFFSET(printk_log.ts_nsec)="; if (memcmp(str, pos, strlen(str)) == 0) log_offset_ts_nsec = strtoull(pos + strlen(str), NULL, 10); str = "OFFSET(log.len)="; if (memcmp(str, pos, strlen(str)) == 0) log_offset_len = strtoul(pos + strlen(str), NULL, 10); str = "OFFSET(printk_log.len)="; if (memcmp(str, pos, strlen(str)) == 0) log_offset_len = strtoul(pos + strlen(str), NULL, 10); str = "OFFSET(log.text_len)="; if (memcmp(str, pos, strlen(str)) == 0) log_offset_text_len = strtoul(pos + strlen(str), NULL, 10); str = "OFFSET(printk_log.text_len)="; if (memcmp(str, pos, strlen(str)) == 0) log_offset_text_len = strtoul(pos + strlen(str), NULL, 10); if (last_line) break; } } static void scan_notes(int fd, loff_t start, loff_t lsize) { char *buf, *last, *note, *next; size_t size; ssize_t ret; if (lsize > SSIZE_MAX) { fprintf(stderr, "Unable to handle note section of %llu bytes\n", (unsigned long long)lsize); exit(20); } size = lsize; buf = malloc(size); if (!buf) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot malloc %zu bytes\n", size); exit(21); } last = buf + size - 1; ret = pread(fd, buf, size, start); if (ret != (ssize_t)size) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read note section @ 0x%llx of %zu bytes: %s\n", (unsigned long long)start, size, strerror(errno)); exit(22); } for (note = buf; (note + sizeof(Elf_Nhdr)) < last; note = next) { Elf_Nhdr *hdr; char *n_name, *n_desc; size_t n_namesz, n_descsz, n_type; hdr = (Elf_Nhdr *)note; n_namesz = file32_to_cpu(hdr->n_namesz); n_descsz = file32_to_cpu(hdr->n_descsz); n_type = file32_to_cpu(hdr->n_type); n_name = note + sizeof(*hdr); n_desc = n_name + ((n_namesz + 3) & ~3); next = n_desc + ((n_descsz + 3) & ~3); if (next > (last + 1)) break; if ((memcmp(n_name, "VMCOREINFO", 11) != 0) || (n_type != 0)) continue; scan_vmcoreinfo(n_desc, n_descsz); } free(buf); } static void scan_note_headers(int fd) { int i; for (i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++) { if (phdr[i].p_type != PT_NOTE) continue; scan_notes(fd, phdr[i].p_offset, phdr[i].p_filesz); } } static uint64_t read_file_pointer(int fd, uint64_t addr) { uint64_t result; ssize_t ret; if (machine_pointer_bits() == 64) { uint64_t scratch; ret = pread(fd, &scratch, sizeof(scratch), addr); if (ret != sizeof(scratch)) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read pointer @ 0x%llx: %s\n", (unsigned long long)addr, strerror(errno)); exit(40); } result = file64_to_cpu(scratch); } else { uint32_t scratch; ret = pread(fd, &scratch, sizeof(scratch), addr); if (ret != sizeof(scratch)) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read pointer @ 0x%llx: %s\n", (unsigned long long)addr, strerror(errno)); exit(40); } result = file32_to_cpu(scratch); } return result; } static uint32_t read_file_u32(int fd, uint64_t addr) { uint32_t scratch; ssize_t ret; ret = pread(fd, &scratch, sizeof(scratch), addr); if (ret != sizeof(scratch)) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read value @ 0x%llx: %s\n", (unsigned long long)addr, strerror(errno)); exit(41); } return file32_to_cpu(scratch); } static int32_t read_file_s32(int fd, uint64_t addr) { return read_file_u32(fd, addr); } static void write_to_stdout(char *buf, unsigned int nr) { ssize_t ret; ret = write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, nr); if (ret != nr) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write out the dmesg log buffer!:" " %s\n", strerror(errno)); exit(54); } } static void dump_dmesg_legacy(int fd) { uint64_t log_buf, log_buf_offset; unsigned log_end, logged_chars, log_end_wrapped; int log_buf_len, to_wrap; char *buf; ssize_t ret; if (!log_buf_vaddr) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the log_buf symbol\n"); exit(50); } if (!log_end_vaddr) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the log_end symbol\n"); exit(51); } if (!log_buf_len_vaddr) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the log_bug_len symbol\n"); exit(52); } if (!logged_chars_vaddr) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the logged_chars symbol\n"); exit(53); } log_buf = read_file_pointer(fd, vaddr_to_offset(log_buf_vaddr)); log_end = read_file_u32(fd, vaddr_to_offset(log_end_vaddr)); log_buf_len = read_file_s32(fd, vaddr_to_offset(log_buf_len_vaddr)); logged_chars = read_file_u32(fd, vaddr_to_offset(logged_chars_vaddr)); log_buf_offset = vaddr_to_offset(log_buf); buf = calloc(1, log_buf_len); if (!buf) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to malloc %d bytes for the logbuf: %s\n", log_buf_len, strerror(errno)); exit(51); } log_end_wrapped = log_end % log_buf_len; to_wrap = log_buf_len - log_end_wrapped; ret = pread(fd, buf, to_wrap, log_buf_offset + log_end_wrapped); if (ret != to_wrap) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read the first half of the log buffer: %s\n", strerror(errno)); exit(52); } ret = pread(fd, buf + to_wrap, log_end_wrapped, log_buf_offset); if (ret != log_end_wrapped) { fprintf(stderr, "Faield to read the second half of the log buffer: %s\n", strerror(errno)); exit(53); } /* * To collect full dmesg including the part before `dmesg -c` is useful * for later debugging. Use same logic as what crash utility is using. */ logged_chars = log_end < log_buf_len ? log_end : log_buf_len; write_to_stdout(buf + (log_buf_len - logged_chars), logged_chars); } static inline uint16_t struct_val_u16(char *ptr, unsigned int offset) { return(file16_to_cpu(*(uint16_t *)(ptr + offset))); } static inline uint32_t struct_val_u32(char *ptr, unsigned int offset) { return(file32_to_cpu(*(uint32_t *)(ptr + offset))); } static inline uint64_t struct_val_u64(char *ptr, unsigned int offset) { return(file64_to_cpu(*(uint64_t *)(ptr + offset))); } /* human readable text of the record */ static char *log_text(char *msg) { return msg + log_sz; } /* get record by index; idx must point to valid msg */ static char *log_from_idx(char *log_buf, uint32_t idx) { char *msg = log_buf + idx; /* * A length == 0 record is the end of buffer marker. Wrap around and * read the message at the start of the buffer. */ if (!struct_val_u16(msg, log_offset_len)) return log_buf; return msg; } /* get next record; idx must point to valid msg */ static uint32_t log_next(char *log_buf, uint32_t idx) { char *msg = log_buf + idx; uint16_t len; /* length == 0 indicates the end of the buffer; wrap */ /* * A length == 0 record is the end of buffer marker. Wrap around and * read the message at the start of the buffer as *this* one, and * return the one after that. */ len = struct_val_u16(msg, log_offset_len); if (!len) { msg = log_buf; return struct_val_u16(msg, log_offset_len); } return idx + len; } /* Read headers of log records and dump accordingly */ static void dump_dmesg_structured(int fd) { #define OUT_BUF_SIZE 4096 uint64_t log_buf, log_buf_offset, ts_nsec; uint32_t log_first_idx, log_next_idx, current_idx, len = 0, i; int log_buf_len; char *buf, out_buf[OUT_BUF_SIZE]; ssize_t ret; char *msg; uint16_t text_len; imaxdiv_t imaxdiv_sec, imaxdiv_usec; if (!log_buf_vaddr) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the log_buf symbol\n"); exit(60); } if (!log_buf_len_vaddr) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the log_bug_len symbol\n"); exit(61); } if (!log_first_idx_vaddr) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the log_first_idx symbol\n"); exit(62); } if (!log_next_idx_vaddr) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the log_next_idx symbol\n"); exit(63); } if (!log_sz) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the struct log size export\n"); exit(64); } if (log_offset_ts_nsec == UINT64_MAX) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the log.ts_nsec offset export\n"); exit(65); } if (log_offset_len == UINT16_MAX) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the log.len offset export\n"); exit(66); } if (log_offset_text_len == UINT16_MAX) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing the log.text_len offset export\n"); exit(67); } log_buf = read_file_pointer(fd, vaddr_to_offset(log_buf_vaddr)); log_buf_len = read_file_s32(fd, vaddr_to_offset(log_buf_len_vaddr)); log_first_idx = read_file_u32(fd, vaddr_to_offset(log_first_idx_vaddr)); log_next_idx = read_file_u32(fd, vaddr_to_offset(log_next_idx_vaddr)); log_buf_offset = vaddr_to_offset(log_buf); buf = calloc(1, log_buf_len); if (!buf) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to malloc %d bytes for the logbuf:" " %s\n", log_buf_len, strerror(errno)); exit(64); } ret = pread(fd, buf, log_buf_len, log_buf_offset); if (ret != log_buf_len) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read log buffer of size %d bytes:" " %s\n", log_buf_len, strerror(errno)); exit(65); } /* Parse records and write out data at standard output */ current_idx = log_first_idx; len = 0; while (current_idx != log_next_idx) { msg = log_from_idx(buf, current_idx); ts_nsec = struct_val_u64(msg, log_offset_ts_nsec); imaxdiv_sec = imaxdiv(ts_nsec, 1000000000); imaxdiv_usec = imaxdiv(imaxdiv_sec.rem, 1000); len += sprintf(out_buf + len, "[%5llu.%06llu] ", (long long unsigned int)imaxdiv_sec.quot, (long long unsigned int)imaxdiv_usec.quot); /* escape non-printable characters */ text_len = struct_val_u16(msg, log_offset_text_len); for (i = 0; i < text_len; i++) { unsigned char c = log_text(msg)[i]; if (!isprint(c) && !isspace(c)) len += sprintf(out_buf + len, "\\x%02x", c); else out_buf[len++] = c; if (len >= OUT_BUF_SIZE - 64) { write_to_stdout(out_buf, len); len = 0; } } out_buf[len++] = '\n'; /* Move to next record */ current_idx = log_next(buf, current_idx); } if (len) write_to_stdout(out_buf, len); } static void dump_dmesg(int fd) { if (log_first_idx_vaddr) dump_dmesg_structured(fd); else dump_dmesg_legacy(fd); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { ssize_t ret; int fd; if (argc != 2) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s \n", argv[0]); return 1; } fname = argv[1]; fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY); if (fd < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s: %s\n", fname, strerror(errno)); return 2; } ret = pread(fd, ehdr.e_ident, EI_NIDENT, 0); if (ret != EI_NIDENT) { fprintf(stderr, "Read of e_ident from %s failed: %s\n", fname, strerror(errno)); return 3; } if (memcmp(ehdr.e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing elf signature\n"); return 4; } if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT) { fprintf(stderr, "Bad elf version\n"); return 5; } if ((ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS32) && (ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS64)) { fprintf(stderr, "Unknown elf class %u\n", ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS]); return 6; } if ((ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2LSB) && (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2MSB)) { fprintf(stderr, "Unkown elf data order %u\n", ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA]); return 7; } if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32) read_elf32(fd); else read_elf64(fd); scan_note_headers(fd); dump_dmesg(fd); close(fd); return 0; }