powerpc/64s: flush L1D after user accesses

IBM Power9 processors can speculatively operate on data in the L1 cache
before it has been completely validated, via a way-prediction mechanism. It
is not possible for an attacker to determine the contents of impermissible
memory using this method, since these systems implement a combination of
hardware and software security measures to prevent scenarios where
protected data could be leaked.

However these measures don't address the scenario where an attacker induces
the operating system to speculatively execute instructions using data that
the attacker controls. This can be used for example to speculatively bypass
"kernel user access prevention" techniques, as discovered by Anthony
Steinhauser of Google's Safeside Project. This is not an attack by itself,
but there is a possibility it could be used in conjunction with
side-channels or other weaknesses in the privileged code to construct an
attack.

This issue can be mitigated by flushing the L1 cache between privilege
boundaries of concern. This patch flushes the L1 cache after user accesses.

This is part of the fix for CVE-2020-4788.

Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>

6 files changed, 72 insertions, 29 deletions

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h
index 3ee1ec60be84..97c2394e7dea 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@
 
 #else /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
 
+DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(uaccess_flush_key);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_KUAP
 
 #include <asm/mmu.h>
@@ -103,8 +105,16 @@ static inline void kuap_check_amr(void)
 
 static inline unsigned long get_kuap(void)
 {
+	/*
+	 * We return AMR_KUAP_BLOCKED when we don't support KUAP because
+	 * prevent_user_access_return needs to return AMR_KUAP_BLOCKED to
+	 * cause restore_user_access to do a flush.
+	 *
+	 * This has no effect in terms of actually blocking things on hash,
+	 * so it doesn't break anything.
+	 */
 	if (!early_mmu_has_feature(MMU_FTR_RADIX_KUAP))
-		return 0;
+		return AMR_KUAP_BLOCKED;
 
 	return mfspr(SPRN_AMR);
 }
@@ -123,6 +133,31 @@ static inline void set_kuap(unsigned long value)
 	isync();
 }
 
+static inline bool
+bad_kuap_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, bool is_write)
+{
+	return WARN(mmu_has_feature(MMU_FTR_RADIX_KUAP) &&
+		    (regs->kuap & (is_write ? AMR_KUAP_BLOCK_WRITE : AMR_KUAP_BLOCK_READ)),
+		    "Bug: %s fault blocked by AMR!", is_write ? "Write" : "Read");
+}
+#else /* CONFIG_PPC_KUAP */
+static inline void kuap_restore_amr(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long amr) { }
+
+static inline unsigned long kuap_get_and_check_amr(void)
+{
+	return 0UL;
+}
+
+static inline void kuap_check_amr(void) { }
+
+static inline unsigned long get_kuap(void)
+{
+	return AMR_KUAP_BLOCKED;
+}
+
+static inline void set_kuap(unsigned long value) { }
+#endif /* !CONFIG_PPC_KUAP */
+
 static __always_inline void allow_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
 					      unsigned long size, unsigned long dir)
 {
@@ -142,6 +177,8 @@ static inline void prevent_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
 				       unsigned long size, unsigned long dir)
 {
 	set_kuap(AMR_KUAP_BLOCKED);
+	if (static_branch_unlikely(&uaccess_flush_key))
+		do_uaccess_flush();
 }
 
 static inline unsigned long prevent_user_access_return(void)
@@ -149,6 +186,8 @@ static inline unsigned long prevent_user_access_return(void)
 	unsigned long flags = get_kuap();
 
 	set_kuap(AMR_KUAP_BLOCKED);
+	if (static_branch_unlikely(&uaccess_flush_key))
+		do_uaccess_flush();
 
 	return flags;
 }
@@ -156,30 +195,9 @@ static inline unsigned long prevent_user_access_return(void)
 static inline void restore_user_access(unsigned long flags)
 {
 	set_kuap(flags);
+	if (static_branch_unlikely(&uaccess_flush_key) && flags == AMR_KUAP_BLOCKED)
+		do_uaccess_flush();
 }
-
-static inline bool
-bad_kuap_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, bool is_write)
-{
-	return WARN(mmu_has_feature(MMU_FTR_RADIX_KUAP) &&
-		    (regs->kuap & (is_write ? AMR_KUAP_BLOCK_WRITE : AMR_KUAP_BLOCK_READ)),
-		    "Bug: %s fault blocked by AMR!", is_write ? "Write" : "Read");
-}
-#else /* CONFIG_PPC_KUAP */
-static inline void kuap_restore_amr(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long amr)
-{
-}
-
-static inline void kuap_check_amr(void)
-{
-}
-
-static inline unsigned long kuap_get_and_check_amr(void)
-{
-	return 0;
-}
-#endif /* CONFIG_PPC_KUAP */
-
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 
 #endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_64_KUP_RADIX_H */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h
index 83fa88bc9935..1d32b174ab6a 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h
@@ -144,6 +144,9 @@
 	RFSCV;								\
 	b	rfscv_flush_fallback
 
+#else /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
+/* Prototype for function defined in exceptions-64s.S */
+void do_uaccess_flush(void);
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 
 #endif	/* _ASM_POWERPC_EXCEPTION_H */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h
index 06a48219bbf2..fbd406cd6916 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h
@@ -205,6 +205,14 @@ label##3:					       	\
 	FTR_ENTRY_OFFSET 955b-956b;			\
 	.popsection;
 
+#define UACCESS_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION			\
+959:							\
+	.pushsection __uaccess_flush_fixup,"a";		\
+	.align 2;					\
+960:							\
+	FTR_ENTRY_OFFSET 959b-960b;			\
+	.popsection;
+
 #define ENTRY_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION			\
 957:							\
 	.pushsection __entry_flush_fixup,"a";		\
@@ -248,6 +256,7 @@ extern long stf_barrier_fallback;
 extern long entry_flush_fallback;
 extern long __start___stf_entry_barrier_fixup, __stop___stf_entry_barrier_fixup;
 extern long __start___stf_exit_barrier_fixup, __stop___stf_exit_barrier_fixup;
+extern long __start___uaccess_flush_fixup, __stop___uaccess_flush_fixup;
 extern long __start___entry_flush_fixup, __stop___entry_flush_fixup;
 extern long __start___rfi_flush_fixup, __stop___rfi_flush_fixup;
 extern long __start___barrier_nospec_fixup, __stop___barrier_nospec_fixup;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kup.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kup.h
index 1d0f7d838b2e..0f5c606ae057 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kup.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kup.h
@@ -53,17 +53,26 @@ static inline void setup_kuep(bool disabled) { }
 void setup_kuap(bool disabled);
 #else
 static inline void setup_kuap(bool disabled) { }
+
+static inline bool
+bad_kuap_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, bool is_write)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * book3s/64/kup-radix.h defines these functions for the !KUAP case to flush
+ * the L1D cache after user accesses. Only include the empty stubs for other
+ * platforms.
+ */
+#ifndef CONFIG_PPC64
 static inline void allow_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
 				     unsigned long size, unsigned long dir) { }
 static inline void prevent_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
 				       unsigned long size, unsigned long dir) { }
 static inline unsigned long prevent_user_access_return(void) { return 0UL; }
 static inline void restore_user_access(unsigned long flags) { }
-static inline bool
-bad_kuap_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, bool is_write)
-{
-	return false;
-}
+#endif /* CONFIG_PPC64 */
 #endif /* CONFIG_PPC_KUAP */
 
 static inline void allow_read_from_user(const void __user *from, unsigned long size)
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h
index 9e7459d2edca..b774a4477d5f 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ static inline bool security_ftr_enabled(u64 feature)
 // The L1-D cache should be flushed when entering the kernel
 #define SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY		0x0000000000004000ull
 
+// The L1-D cache should be flushed after user accesses from the kernel
+#define SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS	0x0000000000008000ull
 
 // Features enabled by default
 #define SEC_FTR_DEFAULT \
@@ -96,6 +98,7 @@ static inline bool security_ftr_enabled(u64 feature)
 	 SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_PR | \
 	 SEC_FTR_BNDS_CHK_SPEC_BAR | \
 	 SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY | \
+	 SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS | \
 	 SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY)
 
 #endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_SECURITY_FEATURES_H */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h
index e2fcd3e874f8..a466749703f1 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ void setup_barrier_nospec(void);
 #else
 static inline void setup_barrier_nospec(void) { };
 #endif
+void do_uaccess_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types);
 void do_entry_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types);
 void do_barrier_nospec_fixups(bool enable);
 extern bool barrier_nospec_enabled;