summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/tools/perf/scripts/python/export-to-sqlite.py
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2017-09-04 08:39:02 -0700
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2017-09-04 08:39:02 -0700
commit9657752cb5039c7498d4b27c4a75530f93b87d9b (patch)
treeef4198ba427da0ef5e1cb8fb4ec62843b645aed9 /tools/perf/scripts/python/export-to-sqlite.py
parent0081a0ce809b611c1f37da5d6ae5bc8027ffd1c4 (diff)
parent1b2f76d77a277bb70d38ad0991ed7f16bbc115a9 (diff)
Merge branch 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar: "Kernel side changes: - Add branch type profiling/tracing support. (Jin Yao) - Add the PERF_SAMPLE_PHYS_ADDR ABI to allow the tracing/profiling of physical memory addresses, where the PMU supports it. (Kan Liang) - Export some PMU capability details in the new /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/caps/ sysfs directory. (Andi Kleen) - Aux data fixes and updates (Will Deacon) - kprobes fixes and updates (Masami Hiramatsu) - AMD uncore PMU driver fixes and updates (Janakarajan Natarajan) On the tooling side, here's a (limited!) list of highlights - there were many other changes that I could not list, see the shortlog and git history for details: UI improvements: - Implement a visual marker for fused x86 instructions in the annotate TUI browser, available now in 'perf report', more work needed to have it available as well in 'perf top' (Jin Yao) Further explanation from one of Jin's patches: │ ┌──cmpl $0x0,argp_program_version_hook 81.93 │ ├──je 20 │ │ lock cmpxchg %esi,0x38a9a4(%rip) │ │↓ jne 29 │ │↓ jmp 43 11.47 │20:└─→cmpxch %esi,0x38a999(%rip) That means the cmpl+je is a fused instruction pair and they should be considered together. - Record the branch type and then show statistics and info about in callchain entries (Jin Yao) Example from one of Jin's patches: # perf record -g -j any,save_type # perf report --branch-history --stdio --no-children 38.50% div.c:45 [.] main div | ---main div.c:42 (RET CROSS_2M cycles:2) compute_flag div.c:28 (cycles:2) compute_flag div.c:27 (RET CROSS_2M cycles:1) rand rand.c:28 (cycles:1) rand rand.c:28 (RET CROSS_2M cycles:1) __random random.c:298 (cycles:1) __random random.c:297 (COND_BWD CROSS_2M cycles:1) __random random.c:295 (cycles:1) __random random.c:295 (COND_BWD CROSS_2M cycles:1) __random random.c:295 (cycles:1) __random random.c:295 (RET CROSS_2M cycles:9) namespaces support: - Add initial support for namespaces, using setns to access files in namespaces, grabbing their build-ids, etc. (Krister Johansen) perf trace enhancements: - Beautify pkey_{alloc,free,mprotect} arguments in 'perf trace' (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo) - Add initial 'clone' syscall args beautifier in 'perf trace' (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo) - Ignore 'fd' and 'offset' args for MAP_ANONYMOUS in 'perf trace' (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo) - Beautifiers for the 'cmd' arg of several ioctl types, including: sound, DRM, KVM, vhost virtio and perf_events. (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo) - Add PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN and PERF_RECORD_MMAP[2] to 'perf data' CTF conversion, allowing CTF trace visualization tools to show callchains and to resolve symbols (Geneviève Bastien) - Beautify the fcntl syscall, which is an interesting one in the sense that infrastructure had to be put in place to change the formatters of some arguments according to the value in a previous one, i.e. cmd dictates how arg and the syscall return will be formatted. (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo perf stat enhancements: - Use group read for event groups in 'perf stat', reducing overhead when groups are defined in the event specification, i.e. when using {} to enclose a list of events, asking them to be read at the same time, e.g.: "perf stat -e '{cycles,instructions}'" (Jiri Olsa) pipe mode improvements: - Process tracing data in 'perf annotate' pipe mode (David Carrillo-Cisneros) - Add header record types to pipe-mode, now this command: $ perf record -o - -e cycles sleep 1 | perf report --stdio --header Will show the same as in non-pipe mode, i.e. involving a perf.data file (David Carrillo-Cisneros) Vendor specific hardware event support updates/enhancements: - Update POWER9 vendor events tables (Sukadev Bhattiprolu) - Add POWER9 PMU events Sukadev (Bhattiprolu) - Support additional POWER8+ PVR in PMU mapfile (Shriya) - Add Skylake server uncore JSON vendor events (Andi Kleen) - Support exporting Intel PT data to sqlite3 with python perf scripts, this is in addition to the postgresql support that was already there (Adrian Hunter)" * 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (253 commits) perf symbols: Fix plt entry calculation for ARM and AARCH64 perf probe: Fix kprobe blacklist checking condition perf/x86: Fix caps/ for !Intel perf/core, x86: Add PERF_SAMPLE_PHYS_ADDR perf/core, pt, bts: Get rid of itrace_started perf trace beauty: Beautify pkey_{alloc,free,mprotect} arguments tools headers: Sync cpu features kernel ABI headers with tooling headers perf tools: Pass full path of FEATURES_DUMP perf tools: Robustify detection of clang binary tools lib: Allow external definition of CC, AR and LD perf tools: Allow external definition of flex and bison binary names tools build tests: Don't hardcode gcc name perf report: Group stat values on global event id perf values: Zero value buffers perf values: Fix allocation check perf values: Fix thread index bug perf report: Add dump_read function perf record: Set read_format for inherit_stat perf c2c: Fix remote HITM detection for Skylake perf tools: Fix static build with newer toolchains ...
Diffstat (limited to 'tools/perf/scripts/python/export-to-sqlite.py')
-rw-r--r--tools/perf/scripts/python/export-to-sqlite.py451
1 files changed, 451 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/tools/perf/scripts/python/export-to-sqlite.py b/tools/perf/scripts/python/export-to-sqlite.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f827bf77e9d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/perf/scripts/python/export-to-sqlite.py
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+# export-to-sqlite.py: export perf data to a sqlite3 database
+# Copyright (c) 2017, Intel Corporation.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
+# version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
+# more details.
+
+import os
+import sys
+import struct
+import datetime
+
+# To use this script you will need to have installed package python-pyside which
+# provides LGPL-licensed Python bindings for Qt. You will also need the package
+# libqt4-sql-sqlite for Qt sqlite3 support.
+#
+# An example of using this script with Intel PT:
+#
+# $ perf record -e intel_pt//u ls
+# $ perf script -s ~/libexec/perf-core/scripts/python/export-to-sqlite.py pt_example branches calls
+# 2017-07-31 14:26:07.326913 Creating database...
+# 2017-07-31 14:26:07.538097 Writing records...
+# 2017-07-31 14:26:09.889292 Adding indexes
+# 2017-07-31 14:26:09.958746 Done
+#
+# To browse the database, sqlite3 can be used e.g.
+#
+# $ sqlite3 pt_example
+# sqlite> .header on
+# sqlite> select * from samples_view where id < 10;
+# sqlite> .mode column
+# sqlite> select * from samples_view where id < 10;
+# sqlite> .tables
+# sqlite> .schema samples_view
+# sqlite> .quit
+#
+# An example of using the database is provided by the script
+# call-graph-from-sql.py. Refer to that script for details.
+#
+# The database structure is practically the same as created by the script
+# export-to-postgresql.py. Refer to that script for details. A notable
+# difference is the 'transaction' column of the 'samples' table which is
+# renamed 'transaction_' in sqlite because 'transaction' is a reserved word.
+
+from PySide.QtSql import *
+
+sys.path.append(os.environ['PERF_EXEC_PATH'] + \
+ '/scripts/python/Perf-Trace-Util/lib/Perf/Trace')
+
+# These perf imports are not used at present
+#from perf_trace_context import *
+#from Core import *
+
+perf_db_export_mode = True
+perf_db_export_calls = False
+perf_db_export_callchains = False
+
+def usage():
+ print >> sys.stderr, "Usage is: export-to-sqlite.py <database name> [<columns>] [<calls>] [<callchains>]"
+ print >> sys.stderr, "where: columns 'all' or 'branches'"
+ print >> sys.stderr, " calls 'calls' => create calls and call_paths table"
+ print >> sys.stderr, " callchains 'callchains' => create call_paths table"
+ raise Exception("Too few arguments")
+
+if (len(sys.argv) < 2):
+ usage()
+
+dbname = sys.argv[1]
+
+if (len(sys.argv) >= 3):
+ columns = sys.argv[2]
+else:
+ columns = "all"
+
+if columns not in ("all", "branches"):
+ usage()
+
+branches = (columns == "branches")
+
+for i in range(3,len(sys.argv)):
+ if (sys.argv[i] == "calls"):
+ perf_db_export_calls = True
+ elif (sys.argv[i] == "callchains"):
+ perf_db_export_callchains = True
+ else:
+ usage()
+
+def do_query(q, s):
+ if (q.exec_(s)):
+ return
+ raise Exception("Query failed: " + q.lastError().text())
+
+def do_query_(q):
+ if (q.exec_()):
+ return
+ raise Exception("Query failed: " + q.lastError().text())
+
+print datetime.datetime.today(), "Creating database..."
+
+db_exists = False
+try:
+ f = open(dbname)
+ f.close()
+ db_exists = True
+except:
+ pass
+
+if db_exists:
+ raise Exception(dbname + " already exists")
+
+db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase('QSQLITE')
+db.setDatabaseName(dbname)
+db.open()
+
+query = QSqlQuery(db)
+
+do_query(query, 'PRAGMA journal_mode = OFF')
+do_query(query, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION')
+
+do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE selected_events ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'name varchar(80))')
+do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE machines ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'pid integer,'
+ 'root_dir varchar(4096))')
+do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE threads ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'machine_id bigint,'
+ 'process_id bigint,'
+ 'pid integer,'
+ 'tid integer)')
+do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE comms ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'comm varchar(16))')
+do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE comm_threads ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'comm_id bigint,'
+ 'thread_id bigint)')
+do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE dsos ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'machine_id bigint,'
+ 'short_name varchar(256),'
+ 'long_name varchar(4096),'
+ 'build_id varchar(64))')
+do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE symbols ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'dso_id bigint,'
+ 'sym_start bigint,'
+ 'sym_end bigint,'
+ 'binding integer,'
+ 'name varchar(2048))')
+do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE branch_types ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'name varchar(80))')
+
+if branches:
+ do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE samples ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'evsel_id bigint,'
+ 'machine_id bigint,'
+ 'thread_id bigint,'
+ 'comm_id bigint,'
+ 'dso_id bigint,'
+ 'symbol_id bigint,'
+ 'sym_offset bigint,'
+ 'ip bigint,'
+ 'time bigint,'
+ 'cpu integer,'
+ 'to_dso_id bigint,'
+ 'to_symbol_id bigint,'
+ 'to_sym_offset bigint,'
+ 'to_ip bigint,'
+ 'branch_type integer,'
+ 'in_tx boolean,'
+ 'call_path_id bigint)')
+else:
+ do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE samples ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'evsel_id bigint,'
+ 'machine_id bigint,'
+ 'thread_id bigint,'
+ 'comm_id bigint,'
+ 'dso_id bigint,'
+ 'symbol_id bigint,'
+ 'sym_offset bigint,'
+ 'ip bigint,'
+ 'time bigint,'
+ 'cpu integer,'
+ 'to_dso_id bigint,'
+ 'to_symbol_id bigint,'
+ 'to_sym_offset bigint,'
+ 'to_ip bigint,'
+ 'period bigint,'
+ 'weight bigint,'
+ 'transaction_ bigint,'
+ 'data_src bigint,'
+ 'branch_type integer,'
+ 'in_tx boolean,'
+ 'call_path_id bigint)')
+
+if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
+ do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE call_paths ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'parent_id bigint,'
+ 'symbol_id bigint,'
+ 'ip bigint)')
+if perf_db_export_calls:
+ do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE calls ('
+ 'id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,'
+ 'thread_id bigint,'
+ 'comm_id bigint,'
+ 'call_path_id bigint,'
+ 'call_time bigint,'
+ 'return_time bigint,'
+ 'branch_count bigint,'
+ 'call_id bigint,'
+ 'return_id bigint,'
+ 'parent_call_path_id bigint,'
+ 'flags integer)')
+
+# printf was added to sqlite in version 3.8.3
+sqlite_has_printf = False
+try:
+ do_query(query, 'SELECT printf("") FROM machines')
+ sqlite_has_printf = True
+except:
+ pass
+
+def emit_to_hex(x):
+ if sqlite_has_printf:
+ return 'printf("%x", ' + x + ')'
+ else:
+ return x
+
+do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW machines_view AS '
+ 'SELECT '
+ 'id,'
+ 'pid,'
+ 'root_dir,'
+ 'CASE WHEN id=0 THEN \'unknown\' WHEN pid=-1 THEN \'host\' ELSE \'guest\' END AS host_or_guest'
+ ' FROM machines')
+
+do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW dsos_view AS '
+ 'SELECT '
+ 'id,'
+ 'machine_id,'
+ '(SELECT host_or_guest FROM machines_view WHERE id = machine_id) AS host_or_guest,'
+ 'short_name,'
+ 'long_name,'
+ 'build_id'
+ ' FROM dsos')
+
+do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW symbols_view AS '
+ 'SELECT '
+ 'id,'
+ 'name,'
+ '(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id=dso_id) AS dso,'
+ 'dso_id,'
+ 'sym_start,'
+ 'sym_end,'
+ 'CASE WHEN binding=0 THEN \'local\' WHEN binding=1 THEN \'global\' ELSE \'weak\' END AS binding'
+ ' FROM symbols')
+
+do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW threads_view AS '
+ 'SELECT '
+ 'id,'
+ 'machine_id,'
+ '(SELECT host_or_guest FROM machines_view WHERE id = machine_id) AS host_or_guest,'
+ 'process_id,'
+ 'pid,'
+ 'tid'
+ ' FROM threads')
+
+do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW comm_threads_view AS '
+ 'SELECT '
+ 'comm_id,'
+ '(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command,'
+ 'thread_id,'
+ '(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid,'
+ '(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid'
+ ' FROM comm_threads')
+
+if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
+ do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW call_paths_view AS '
+ 'SELECT '
+ 'c.id,'
+ + emit_to_hex('c.ip') + ' AS ip,'
+ 'c.symbol_id,'
+ '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS symbol,'
+ '(SELECT dso_id FROM symbols WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS dso_id,'
+ '(SELECT dso FROM symbols_view WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS dso_short_name,'
+ 'c.parent_id,'
+ + emit_to_hex('p.ip') + ' AS parent_ip,'
+ 'p.symbol_id AS parent_symbol_id,'
+ '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_symbol,'
+ '(SELECT dso_id FROM symbols WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_dso_id,'
+ '(SELECT dso FROM symbols_view WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_dso_short_name'
+ ' FROM call_paths c INNER JOIN call_paths p ON p.id = c.parent_id')
+if perf_db_export_calls:
+ do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW calls_view AS '
+ 'SELECT '
+ 'calls.id,'
+ 'thread_id,'
+ '(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid,'
+ '(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid,'
+ '(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command,'
+ 'call_path_id,'
+ + emit_to_hex('ip') + ' AS ip,'
+ 'symbol_id,'
+ '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = symbol_id) AS symbol,'
+ 'call_time,'
+ 'return_time,'
+ 'return_time - call_time AS elapsed_time,'
+ 'branch_count,'
+ 'call_id,'
+ 'return_id,'
+ 'CASE WHEN flags=1 THEN \'no call\' WHEN flags=2 THEN \'no return\' WHEN flags=3 THEN \'no call/return\' ELSE \'\' END AS flags,'
+ 'parent_call_path_id'
+ ' FROM calls INNER JOIN call_paths ON call_paths.id = call_path_id')
+
+do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW samples_view AS '
+ 'SELECT '
+ 'id,'
+ 'time,'
+ 'cpu,'
+ '(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid,'
+ '(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid,'
+ '(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command,'
+ '(SELECT name FROM selected_events WHERE id = evsel_id) AS event,'
+ + emit_to_hex('ip') + ' AS ip_hex,'
+ '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = symbol_id) AS symbol,'
+ 'sym_offset,'
+ '(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id = dso_id) AS dso_short_name,'
+ + emit_to_hex('to_ip') + ' AS to_ip_hex,'
+ '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = to_symbol_id) AS to_symbol,'
+ 'to_sym_offset,'
+ '(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id = to_dso_id) AS to_dso_short_name,'
+ '(SELECT name FROM branch_types WHERE id = branch_type) AS branch_type_name,'
+ 'in_tx'
+ ' FROM samples')
+
+do_query(query, 'END TRANSACTION')
+
+evsel_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+evsel_query.prepare("INSERT INTO selected_events VALUES (?, ?)")
+machine_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+machine_query.prepare("INSERT INTO machines VALUES (?, ?, ?)")
+thread_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+thread_query.prepare("INSERT INTO threads VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)")
+comm_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+comm_query.prepare("INSERT INTO comms VALUES (?, ?)")
+comm_thread_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+comm_thread_query.prepare("INSERT INTO comm_threads VALUES (?, ?, ?)")
+dso_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+dso_query.prepare("INSERT INTO dsos VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)")
+symbol_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+symbol_query.prepare("INSERT INTO symbols VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)")
+branch_type_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+branch_type_query.prepare("INSERT INTO branch_types VALUES (?, ?)")
+sample_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+if branches:
+ sample_query.prepare("INSERT INTO samples VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)")
+else:
+ sample_query.prepare("INSERT INTO samples VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)")
+if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
+ call_path_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+ call_path_query.prepare("INSERT INTO call_paths VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)")
+if perf_db_export_calls:
+ call_query = QSqlQuery(db)
+ call_query.prepare("INSERT INTO calls VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)")
+
+def trace_begin():
+ print datetime.datetime.today(), "Writing records..."
+ do_query(query, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION')
+ # id == 0 means unknown. It is easier to create records for them than replace the zeroes with NULLs
+ evsel_table(0, "unknown")
+ machine_table(0, 0, "unknown")
+ thread_table(0, 0, 0, -1, -1)
+ comm_table(0, "unknown")
+ dso_table(0, 0, "unknown", "unknown", "")
+ symbol_table(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "unknown")
+ sample_table(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+ if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
+ call_path_table(0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+unhandled_count = 0
+
+def trace_end():
+ do_query(query, 'END TRANSACTION')
+
+ print datetime.datetime.today(), "Adding indexes"
+ if perf_db_export_calls:
+ do_query(query, 'CREATE INDEX pcpid_idx ON calls (parent_call_path_id)')
+
+ if (unhandled_count):
+ print datetime.datetime.today(), "Warning: ", unhandled_count, " unhandled events"
+ print datetime.datetime.today(), "Done"
+
+def trace_unhandled(event_name, context, event_fields_dict):
+ global unhandled_count
+ unhandled_count += 1
+
+def sched__sched_switch(*x):
+ pass
+
+def bind_exec(q, n, x):
+ for xx in x[0:n]:
+ q.addBindValue(str(xx))
+ do_query_(q)
+
+def evsel_table(*x):
+ bind_exec(evsel_query, 2, x)
+
+def machine_table(*x):
+ bind_exec(machine_query, 3, x)
+
+def thread_table(*x):
+ bind_exec(thread_query, 5, x)
+
+def comm_table(*x):
+ bind_exec(comm_query, 2, x)
+
+def comm_thread_table(*x):
+ bind_exec(comm_thread_query, 3, x)
+
+def dso_table(*x):
+ bind_exec(dso_query, 5, x)
+
+def symbol_table(*x):
+ bind_exec(symbol_query, 6, x)
+
+def branch_type_table(*x):
+ bind_exec(branch_type_query, 2, x)
+
+def sample_table(*x):
+ if branches:
+ bind_exec(sample_query, 18, x)
+ else:
+ bind_exec(sample_query, 22, x)
+
+def call_path_table(*x):
+ bind_exec(call_path_query, 4, x)
+
+def call_return_table(*x):
+ bind_exec(call_query, 11, x)