diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/admin-guide')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/efi-stub.rst | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/mds.rst | 34 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/processor_mmio_stale_data.rst | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/tsx_async_abort.rst | 33 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/spkguide.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst | 4 |
10 files changed, 69 insertions, 66 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst index e440aee4fe94..3f081459a5be 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst @@ -2030,7 +2030,7 @@ IO Priority ~~~~~~~~~~~ A single attribute controls the behavior of the I/O priority cgroup policy, -namely the blkio.prio.class attribute. The following values are accepted for +namely the io.prio.class attribute. The following values are accepted for that attribute: no-change @@ -2059,9 +2059,11 @@ The following numerical values are associated with the I/O priority policies: +----------------+---+ | no-change | 0 | +----------------+---+ -| rt-to-be | 2 | +| promote-to-rt | 1 | +----------------+---+ -| all-to-idle | 3 | +| restrict-to-be | 2 | ++----------------+---+ +| idle | 3 | +----------------+---+ The numerical value that corresponds to each I/O priority class is as follows: @@ -2081,7 +2083,7 @@ The algorithm to set the I/O priority class for a request is as follows: - If I/O priority class policy is promote-to-rt, change the request I/O priority class to IOPRIO_CLASS_RT and change the request I/O priority level to 4. -- If I/O priorityt class is not promote-to-rt, translate the I/O priority +- If I/O priority class policy is not promote-to-rt, translate the I/O priority class policy into a number, then change the request I/O priority class into the maximum of the I/O priority class policy number and the numerical I/O priority class. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst index 0b3d39c610d9..0c526dac8428 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ Debug Messages at Module Initialization Time When ``modprobe foo`` is called, modprobe scans ``/proc/cmdline`` for ``foo.params``, strips ``foo.``, and passes them to the kernel along with -params given in modprobe args or ``/etc/modprob.d/*.conf`` files, +params given in modprobe args or ``/etc/modprobe.d/*.conf`` files, in the following order: 1. parameters given via ``/etc/modprobe.d/*.conf``:: diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/efi-stub.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/efi-stub.rst index b24e7c40d832..090f3a185e18 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/efi-stub.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/efi-stub.rst @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ between architectures is in drivers/firmware/efi/libstub. For arm64, there is no compressed kernel support, so the Image itself masquerades as a PE/COFF image and the EFI stub is linked into the -kernel. The arm64 EFI stub lives in arch/arm64/kernel/efi-entry.S +kernel. The arm64 EFI stub lives in drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/arm64.c and drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/arm64-stub.c. By using the EFI boot stub it's possible to boot a Linux kernel diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/mds.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/mds.rst index 48ca0bd85604..48c7b0b72aed 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/mds.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/mds.rst @@ -102,9 +102,19 @@ The possible values in this file are: * - 'Vulnerable' - The processor is vulnerable, but no mitigation enabled * - 'Vulnerable: Clear CPU buffers attempted, no microcode' - - The processor is vulnerable but microcode is not updated. - - The mitigation is enabled on a best effort basis. See :ref:`vmwerv` + - The processor is vulnerable but microcode is not updated. The + mitigation is enabled on a best effort basis. + + If the processor is vulnerable but the availability of the microcode + based mitigation mechanism is not advertised via CPUID, the kernel + selects a best effort mitigation mode. This mode invokes the mitigation + instructions without a guarantee that they clear the CPU buffers. + + This is done to address virtualization scenarios where the host has the + microcode update applied, but the hypervisor is not yet updated to + expose the CPUID to the guest. If the host has updated microcode the + protection takes effect; otherwise a few CPU cycles are wasted + pointlessly. * - 'Mitigation: Clear CPU buffers' - The processor is vulnerable and the CPU buffer clearing mitigation is enabled. @@ -119,24 +129,6 @@ to the above information: 'SMT Host state unknown' Kernel runs in a VM, Host SMT state unknown ======================== ============================================ -.. _vmwerv: - -Best effort mitigation mode -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - - If the processor is vulnerable, but the availability of the microcode based - mitigation mechanism is not advertised via CPUID the kernel selects a best - effort mitigation mode. This mode invokes the mitigation instructions - without a guarantee that they clear the CPU buffers. - - This is done to address virtualization scenarios where the host has the - microcode update applied, but the hypervisor is not yet updated to expose - the CPUID to the guest. If the host has updated microcode the protection - takes effect otherwise a few cpu cycles are wasted pointlessly. - - The state in the mds sysfs file reflects this situation accordingly. - - Mitigation mechanism ------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/processor_mmio_stale_data.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/processor_mmio_stale_data.rst index c98fd11907cc..1302fd1b55e8 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/processor_mmio_stale_data.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/processor_mmio_stale_data.rst @@ -225,8 +225,19 @@ The possible values in this file are: * - 'Vulnerable' - The processor is vulnerable, but no mitigation enabled * - 'Vulnerable: Clear CPU buffers attempted, no microcode' - - The processor is vulnerable, but microcode is not updated. The + - The processor is vulnerable but microcode is not updated. The mitigation is enabled on a best effort basis. + + If the processor is vulnerable but the availability of the microcode + based mitigation mechanism is not advertised via CPUID, the kernel + selects a best effort mitigation mode. This mode invokes the mitigation + instructions without a guarantee that they clear the CPU buffers. + + This is done to address virtualization scenarios where the host has the + microcode update applied, but the hypervisor is not yet updated to + expose the CPUID to the guest. If the host has updated microcode the + protection takes effect; otherwise a few CPU cycles are wasted + pointlessly. * - 'Mitigation: Clear CPU buffers' - The processor is vulnerable and the CPU buffer clearing mitigation is enabled. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/tsx_async_abort.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/tsx_async_abort.rst index 014167ef8dd1..444f84e22a91 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/tsx_async_abort.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/tsx_async_abort.rst @@ -98,7 +98,19 @@ The possible values in this file are: * - 'Vulnerable' - The CPU is affected by this vulnerability and the microcode and kernel mitigation are not applied. * - 'Vulnerable: Clear CPU buffers attempted, no microcode' - - The system tries to clear the buffers but the microcode might not support the operation. + - The processor is vulnerable but microcode is not updated. The + mitigation is enabled on a best effort basis. + + If the processor is vulnerable but the availability of the microcode + based mitigation mechanism is not advertised via CPUID, the kernel + selects a best effort mitigation mode. This mode invokes the mitigation + instructions without a guarantee that they clear the CPU buffers. + + This is done to address virtualization scenarios where the host has the + microcode update applied, but the hypervisor is not yet updated to + expose the CPUID to the guest. If the host has updated microcode the + protection takes effect; otherwise a few CPU cycles are wasted + pointlessly. * - 'Mitigation: Clear CPU buffers' - The microcode has been updated to clear the buffers. TSX is still enabled. * - 'Mitigation: TSX disabled' @@ -106,25 +118,6 @@ The possible values in this file are: * - 'Not affected' - The CPU is not affected by this issue. -.. _ucode_needed: - -Best effort mitigation mode -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -If the processor is vulnerable, but the availability of the microcode-based -mitigation mechanism is not advertised via CPUID the kernel selects a best -effort mitigation mode. This mode invokes the mitigation instructions -without a guarantee that they clear the CPU buffers. - -This is done to address virtualization scenarios where the host has the -microcode update applied, but the hypervisor is not yet updated to expose the -CPUID to the guest. If the host has updated microcode the protection takes -effect; otherwise a few CPU cycles are wasted pointlessly. - -The state in the tsx_async_abort sysfs file reflects this situation -accordingly. - - Mitigation mechanism -------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst index a5ef6ee69d01..098f14d83e99 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Memory hotunplug consists of two phases: (1) Offlining memory blocks (2) Removing the memory from Linux -In the fist phase, memory is "hidden" from the page allocator again, for +In the first phase, memory is "hidden" from the page allocator again, for example, by migrating busy memory to other memory locations and removing all relevant free pages from the page allocator After this phase, the memory is no longer visible in memory statistics of the system. @@ -250,15 +250,15 @@ Observing the State of Memory Blocks The state (online/offline/going-offline) of a memory block can be observed either via:: - % cat /sys/device/system/memory/memoryXXX/state + % cat /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/state Or alternatively (1/0) via:: - % cat /sys/device/system/memory/memoryXXX/online + % cat /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/online For an online memory block, the managing zone can be observed via:: - % cat /sys/device/system/memory/memoryXXX/valid_zones + % cat /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/valid_zones Configuring Memory Hot(Un)Plug ============================== @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ however, a memory block might span memory holes. A memory block spanning memory holes cannot be offlined. For example, assume 1 GiB memory block size. A device for a memory starting at -0x100000000 is ``/sys/device/system/memory/memory4``:: +0x100000000 is ``/sys/devices/system/memory/memory4``:: (0x100000000 / 1Gib = 4) diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/spkguide.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/spkguide.txt index 74ea7f391942..0d5965138f8f 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/spkguide.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/spkguide.txt @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Last modified on Mon Sep 27 14:26:31 2010 Document version 1.3 Copyright (c) 2005 Gene Collins -Copyright (c) 2008 Samuel Thibault +Copyright (c) 2008, 2023 Samuel Thibault Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 the Speakup Team Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document @@ -83,8 +83,7 @@ spkout -- Speak Out txprt -- Transport dummy -- Plain text terminal -Note: Speakup does * NOT * support usb connections! Speakup also does * -NOT * support the internal Tripletalk! +Note: Speakup does * NOT * support the internal Tripletalk! Speakup does support two other synthesizers, but because they work in conjunction with other software, they must be loaded as modules after @@ -94,6 +93,12 @@ These are as follows: decpc -- DecTalk PC (not available at boot up) soft -- One of several software synthesizers (not available at boot up) +By default speakup looks for the synthesizer on the ttyS0 serial port. This can +be changed with the device parameter of the modules, for instance for +DoubleTalk LT: + +speakup_ltlk.dev=ttyUSB0 + See the sections on loading modules and software synthesizers later in this manual for further details. It should be noted here that the speakup.synth boot parameter will have no effect if Speakup has been diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst index a321b84eccaa..47499a1742bd 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/fs.rst @@ -42,16 +42,16 @@ pre-allocation or re-sizing of any kernel data structures. dentry-state ------------ -This file shows the values in ``struct dentry_stat``, as defined in -``linux/include/linux/dcache.h``:: +This file shows the values in ``struct dentry_stat_t``, as defined in +``fs/dcache.c``:: struct dentry_stat_t dentry_stat { - int nr_dentry; - int nr_unused; - int age_limit; /* age in seconds */ - int want_pages; /* pages requested by system */ - int nr_negative; /* # of unused negative dentries */ - int dummy; /* Reserved for future use */ + long nr_dentry; + long nr_unused; + long age_limit; /* age in seconds */ + long want_pages; /* pages requested by system */ + long nr_negative; /* # of unused negative dentries */ + long dummy; /* Reserved for future use */ }; Dentries are dynamically allocated and deallocated. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst index 45ba1f4dc004..c59889de122b 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst @@ -742,8 +742,8 @@ overcommit_memory This value contains a flag that enables memory overcommitment. -When this flag is 0, the kernel attempts to estimate the amount -of free memory left when userspace requests more memory. +When this flag is 0, the kernel compares the userspace memory request +size against total memory plus swap and rejects obvious overcommits. When this flag is 1, the kernel pretends there is always enough memory until it actually runs out. |