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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2014-07-18ARM: convert all "mov.* pc, reg" to "bx reg" for ARMv6+Russell King
ARMv6 and greater introduced a new instruction ("bx") which can be used to return from function calls. Recent CPUs perform better when the "bx lr" instruction is used rather than the "mov pc, lr" instruction, and this sequence is strongly recommended to be used by the ARM architecture manual (section A.4.1.1). We provide a new macro "ret" with all its variants for the condition code which will resolve to the appropriate instruction. Rather than doing this piecemeal, and miss some instances, change all the "mov pc" instances to use the new macro, with the exception of the "movs" instruction and the kprobes code. This allows us to detect the "mov pc, lr" case and fix it up - and also gives us the possibility of deploying this for other registers depending on the CPU selection. Reported-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Tested-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> # Tegra Jetson TK1 Tested-by: Robert Jarzmik <robert.jarzmik@free.fr> # mioa701_bootresume.S Tested-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> # Kirkwood Tested-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@freescale.com> Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com> # OMAPs Tested-by: Gregory CLEMENT <gregory.clement@free-electrons.com> # Armada XP, 375, 385 Acked-by: Sekhar Nori <nsekhar@ti.com> # DaVinci Acked-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org> # kvm/hyp Acked-by: Haojian Zhuang <haojian.zhuang@gmail.com> # PXA3xx Acked-by: Stefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com> # Xen Tested-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> # ARMv7M Tested-by: Simon Horman <horms+renesas@verge.net.au> # Shmobile Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
2013-11-30ARM: 7897/1: kexec: Use the right ISA for relocate_new_kernelDave Martin
Copying a function with memcpy() and then trying to execute the result isn't trivially portable to Thumb. This patch modifies the kexec soft restart code to copy its assembler trampoline relocate_new_kernel() using fncpy() instead, so that relocate_new_kernel can be in the same ISA as the rest of the kernel without problems. Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Reported-by: Taras Kondratiuk <taras.kondratiuk@linaro.org> Tested-by: Taras Kondratiuk <taras.kondratiuk@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
2011-08-28ARM: 7065/1: kexec: ensure new kernel is entered in ARM stateWill Deacon
Commit 540b5738 ("ARM: 6999/1: head, zImage: Always Enter the kernel in ARM state") mandates that the kernel should be entered in ARM state. If a Thumb-2 kernel kexecs a new kernel image, we need to ensure that we change state when branching to the new code. This patch replaces a mov pc, lr with a bx lr on Thumb-2 kernels so that we transition to ARM state if need be. Reviewed-by: Dave Martin <dave.martin@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
2010-11-30ARM: 6497/1: kexec: Correct data alignment for CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNELDave Martin
Directives such as .long and .word do not magically cause the assembler location counter to become aligned in gas. As a result, using these directives in code sections can result in misaligned data words when building a Thumb-2 kernel (CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL). This is a Bad Thing, since the ABI permits the compiler to assume that fundamental types of word size or above are word- aligned when accessing them from C. If the data is not really word-aligned, this can cause impaired performance and stray alignment faults in some circumstances. In general, the following rules should be applied when using data word declaration directives inside code sections: * .quad and .double: .align 3 * .long, .word, .single, .float: .align (or .align 2) * .short: No explicit alignment required, since Thumb-2 instructions are always 2 or 4 bytes in size. immediately after an instruction. Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <dave.martin@linaro.org> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
2010-07-09ARM: 6119/1: kdump: skip indirection page when crashingMika Westerberg
When we are crashing there is no indirection page in place. Only control page is present. Signed-off-by: Mika Westerberg <ext-mika.1.westerberg@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
2008-02-04[ARM] 4736/1: Export atags to userspace and allow kexec to use customised atagsRichard Purdie
Currently, the atags used by kexec are fixed to the ones originally used to boot the kernel. This is less than ideal as changing the commandline, initrd and other options would be a useful feature. This patch exports the atags used for the current kernel to userspace through an "atags" file in procfs. The presence of the file is controlled by its own Kconfig option and cleans up several ifdef blocks into a separate file. The tags for the new kernel are assumed to be at a fixed location before the kernel image itself. The location of the tags used to boot the original kernel is unimportant and no longer saved. Based on a patch from Uli Luckas <u.luckas@road.de> Signed-off-by: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net> Acked-by: Uli Luckas <u.luckas@road.de> Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
2007-10-12[ARM] 4599/1: Preserve ATAG list for use with kexec (2.6.23)Mike Westerhof
This patch resolves a kexec boot failure that can occur because no ATAGs are passed in to the kexec'd kernel. Currently the newly-kexec'd kernel may fail if it requires specific ATAGs, or it may fail because the fixed memory location at which it expects to find the ATAGs may contain random data instead of ATAGs. The patch ensures that any ATAGs passed to the current kernel at boot time are copied to a static buffer, and are copied back when kexec copies the new kernel into place. Thus the new kernel sees the same ATAGs from kexec and the boot loader. The boot parameters are copied without regard to type, content, or length -- this patch's scope is limited soley to saving and restoring a fixed-size block of memory containing the kernel's boot parameters. Additional functionality to examine, alter, or replace the ATAGs (using kexec, for example) can be implemented by manipulating the static buffer containing the preserved ATAGs. Note: the size of the buffer (1.5KB) is selected to comfortably hold one of each ATAG type, including a maximum-length command line and the maximum number of ATAG_MEM structures currently supported by the kernel. Should an ATAG list exceed that limit, the list will be silently truncated to that limit (to do other- wise at that point in the boot process would make a simple problem exceedingly complicated). [Note: this is the same patch as 4579, modified to accomodate the ATAG changes introduced in 2.6.23] Signed-off-by: Mike Westerhof <mwester at dls.net> Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
2007-02-16[ARM] 4137/1: Add kexec supportRichard Purdie
Add kexec support to ARM. Improvements like commandline handling could be made but this patch gives basic functional support. It uses the next available syscall number, 347. Once the syscall number is known, userspace support will be finalised/submitted to kexec-tools, various patches already exist. Originally based on a patch by Maxim Syrchin but updated and forward ported by various people. Signed-off-by: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net> Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>