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When building with OBJDUMP=llvm-objdump, there are a series of warnings
from the section comparisons that arch/s390/boot/Makefile performs
between vmlinux and arch/s390/boot/vmlinux:
llvm-objdump: warning: section '.boot.preserved.data' mentioned in a -j/--section option, but not found in any input file
llvm-objdump: warning: section '.boot.data' mentioned in a -j/--section option, but not found in any input file
llvm-objdump: warning: section '.boot.preserved.data' mentioned in a -j/--section option, but not found in any input file
llvm-objdump: warning: section '.boot.data' mentioned in a -j/--section option, but not found in any input file
The warning is a little misleading, as these sections do exist in the
input files. It is really pointing out that llvm-objdump does not match
GNU objdump's behavior of respecting '-j' / '--section' in combination
with '-t' / '--syms':
$ s390x-linux-gnu-objdump -t -j .boot.data vmlinux.full
vmlinux.full: file format elf64-s390
SYMBOL TABLE:
0000000001951000 l O .boot.data 0000000000003000 sclp_info_sccb
00000000019550e0 l O .boot.data 0000000000000001 sclp_info_sccb_valid
00000000019550e2 g O .boot.data 0000000000001000 early_command_line
...
$ llvm-objdump -t -j .boot.data vmlinux.full
vmlinux.full: file format elf64-s390
SYMBOL TABLE:
0000000000100040 l O .text 0000000000000010 dw_psw
0000000000000000 l df *ABS* 0000000000000000 main.c
00000000001001b0 l F .text 00000000000000c6 trace_event_raw_event_initcall_level
0000000000100280 l F .text 0000000000000100 perf_trace_initcall_level
...
It may be possible to change llvm-objdump's behavior to match GNU
objdump's behavior but the difficulty of that task has not yet been
explored. The combination of '$(OBJDUMP) -t -j' is not common in the
kernel tree on a whole, so workaround this tool difference by grepping
for the sections in the full symbol table output in a similar manner to
the sed invocation. This results in no visible change for GNU objdump
users while fixing the warnings for OBJDUMP=llvm-objdump, further
enabling use of LLVM=1 for ARCH=s390 with versions of LLVM that have
support for s390 in ld.lld and llvm-objcopy.
Reported-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/20240219113248.16287-C-hca@linux.ibm.com/
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/859
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240220-s390-work-around-llvm-objdump-t-j-v1-1-47bb0366a831@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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On s390, currently kernel uses the '-fPIE' compiler flag for compiling
vmlinux. This has a few problems:
- It uses dynamic symbols (.dynsym), for which the linker refuses to
allow more than 64k sections. This can break features which use
'-ffunction-sections' and '-fdata-sections', including kpatch-build
[1] and Function Granular KASLR.
- It unnecessarily uses GOT relocations, adding an extra layer of
indirection for many memory accesses.
Instead of using '-fPIE', resolve all the relocations at link time and
then manually adjust any absolute relocations (R_390_64) during boot.
This is done by first telling the linker to preserve all relocations
during the vmlinux link. (Note this is harmless: they are later
stripped in the vmlinux.bin link.)
Then use the 'relocs' tool to find all absolute relocations (R_390_64)
which apply to allocatable sections. The offsets of those relocations
are saved in a special section which is then used to adjust the
relocations during boot.
(Note: For some reason, Clang occasionally creates a GOT reference, even
without '-fPIE'. So Clang-compiled kernels have a GOT, which needs to
be adjusted.)
On my mostly-defconfig kernel, this reduces kernel text size by ~1.3%.
[1] https://github.com/dynup/kpatch/issues/1284
[2] https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2023-June/622872.html
[3] https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2023-August/625986.html
Compiler consideration:
Gcc recently implemented an optimization [2] for loading symbols without
explicit alignment, aligning with the IBM Z ELF ABI. This ABI mandates
symbols to reside on a 2-byte boundary, enabling the use of the larl
instruction. However, kernel linker scripts may still generate unaligned
symbols. To address this, a new -munaligned-symbols option has been
introduced [3] in recent gcc versions. This option has to be used with
future gcc versions.
Older Clang lacks support for handling unaligned symbols generated
by kernel linker scripts when the kernel is built without -fPIE. However,
future versions of Clang will include support for the -munaligned-symbols
option. When the support is unavailable, compile the kernel with -fPIE
to maintain the existing behavior.
In addition to it:
move vmlinux.relocs to safe relocation
When the kernel is built with CONFIG_KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED, the entire
uncompressed vmlinux.bin is positioned in the bzImage decompressor
image at the default kernel LMA of 0x100000, enabling it to be executed
in-place. However, the size of .vmlinux.relocs could be large enough to
cause an overlap with the uncompressed kernel at the address 0x100000.
To address this issue, .vmlinux.relocs is positioned after the
.rodata.compressed in the bzImage. Nevertheless, in this configuration,
vmlinux.relocs will overlap with the .bss section of vmlinux.bin. To
overcome that, move vmlinux.relocs to a safe location before clearing
.bss and handling relocs.
Compile warning fix from Sumanth Korikkar:
When kernel is built with CONFIG_LD_ORPHAN_WARN and -fno-PIE, there are
several warnings:
ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.iplt' from
`arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn'
ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.head.text' from
`arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn'
ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.init.text' from
`arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn'
ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.rodata.cst8' from
`arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn'
Orphan sections are sections that exist in an object file but don't have
a corresponding output section in the final executable. ld raises a
warning when it identifies such sections.
Eliminate the warning by placing all .rela orphan sections in .rela.dyn
and raise an error when size of .rela.dyn is greater than zero. i.e.
Dont just neglect orphan sections.
This is similar to adjustment performed in x86, where kernel is built
with -fno-PIE.
commit 5354e84598f2 ("x86/build: Add asserts for unwanted sections")
[sumanthk@linux.ibm.com: rebased Josh Poimboeuf patches and move
vmlinux.relocs to safe location]
[hca@linux.ibm.com: merged compile warning fix from Sumanth]
Tested-by: Sumanth Korikkar <sumanthk@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sumanth Korikkar <sumanthk@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240219132734.22881-4-sumanthk@linux.ibm.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240219132734.22881-5-sumanthk@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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When attempting to boot a kernel compiled with OBJCOPY=llvm-objcopy,
there is a crash right at boot:
Out of memory allocating 6d7800 bytes 8 aligned in range 0:20000000
Reserved memory ranges:
0000000000000000 a394c3c30d90cdaf DECOMPRESSOR
Usable online memory ranges (info source: sclp read info [3]):
0000000000000000 0000000020000000
Usable online memory total: 20000000 Reserved: a394c3c30d90cdaf Free: 0
Call Trace:
(sp:0000000000033e90 [<0000000000012fbc>] physmem_alloc_top_down+0x5c/0x104)
sp:0000000000033f00 [<0000000000011d56>] startup_kernel+0x3a6/0x77c
sp:0000000000033f60 [<00000000000100f4>] startup_normal+0xd4/0xd4
GNU objcopy does not have any issues. Looking at differences between the
object files in each build reveals info.bin does not get properly
populated with llvm-objcopy, which results in an empty .vmlinux.info
section.
$ file {gnu,llvm}-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/info.bin
gnu-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/info.bin: data
llvm-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/info.bin: empty
$ llvm-readelf --section-headers {gnu,llvm}-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/vmlinux | rg 'File:|\.vmlinux\.info|\.decompressor\.syms'
File: gnu-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/vmlinux
[12] .vmlinux.info PROGBITS 0000000000034000 035000 000078 00 WA 0 0 1
[13] .decompressor.syms PROGBITS 0000000000034078 035078 000b00 00 WA 0 0 1
File: llvm-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/vmlinux
[12] .vmlinux.info PROGBITS 0000000000034000 035000 000000 00 WA 0 0 1
[13] .decompressor.syms PROGBITS 0000000000034000 035000 000b00 00 WA 0 0 1
Ulrich points out that llvm-objcopy only copies sections marked as alloc
with a binary output target, whereas the .vmlinux.info section is only
marked as load. Add 'alloc' in addition to 'load', so that both objcopy
implementations work properly:
$ file {gnu,llvm}-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/info.bin
gnu-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/info.bin: data
llvm-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/info.bin: data
$ llvm-readelf --section-headers {gnu,llvm}-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/vmlinux | rg 'File:|\.vmlinux\.info|\.decompressor\.syms'
File: gnu-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/vmlinux
[12] .vmlinux.info PROGBITS 0000000000034000 035000 000078 00 WA 0 0 1
[13] .decompressor.syms PROGBITS 0000000000034078 035078 000b00 00 WA 0 0 1
File: llvm-objcopy/arch/s390/boot/vmlinux
[12] .vmlinux.info PROGBITS 0000000000034000 035000 000078 00 WA 0 0 1
[13] .decompressor.syms PROGBITS 0000000000034078 035078 000b00 00 WA 0 0 1
Closes: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1996
Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/3c02cb7492fc78fb678264cebf57ff88e478e14f
Suggested-by: Ulrich Weigand <ulrich.weigand@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240216-s390-fix-boot-with-llvm-objcopy-v1-1-0ac623daf42b@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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arch/s390/boot/vmlinux uses a different linker script and build rules
than the main vmlinux, so the '--orphan-handling' flag is not applied to
it. Add support for '--orphan-handling' so that all sections are
properly described in the linker script, which helps eliminate bugs
between linker implementations having different orphan section
heuristics.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240207-s390-lld-and-orphan-warn-v1-1-8a665b3346ab@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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In preparation to extending mem_detect with additional information like
reserved ranges rename it to more generic physmem_info. This new naming
also help to avoid confusion by using more exact terms like "physmem
online ranges", etc.
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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Produce arch/s390/boot/vmlinux.map link map for the decompressor, when
CONFIG_VMLINUX_MAP option is enabled.
Link map is quite useful during making kernel changes related to how
the decompressor is composed and debugging linker scripts.
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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The setup of the kernel virtual address space is spread
throughout the sources, boot stages and config options
like this:
1. The available physical memory regions are queried
and stored as mem_detect information for later use
in the decompressor.
2. Based on the physical memory availability the virtual
memory layout is established in the decompressor;
3. If CONFIG_KASAN is disabled the kernel paging setup
code populates kernel pgtables and turns DAT mode on.
It uses the information stored at step [1].
4. If CONFIG_KASAN is enabled the kernel early boot
kasan setup populates kernel pgtables and turns DAT
mode on. It uses the information stored at step [1].
The kasan setup creates early_pg_dir directory and
directly overwrites swapper_pg_dir entries to make
shadow memory pages available.
Move the kernel virtual memory setup to the decompressor
and start the kernel with DAT turned on right from the
very first istruction. That completely eliminates the
boot phase when the kernel runs in DAT-off mode, simplies
the overall design and consolidates pgtables setup.
The identity mapping is created in the decompressor, while
kasan shadow mappings are still created by the early boot
kernel code.
Share with decompressor the existing kasan memory allocator.
It decreases the size of a newly requested memory block from
pgalloc_pos and ensures that kernel image is not overwritten.
pgalloc_low and pgalloc_pos pointers are made preserved boot
variables for that.
Use the bootdata infrastructure to setup swapper_pg_dir
and invalid_pg_dir directories used by the kernel later.
The interim early_pg_dir directory established by the
kasan initialization code gets eliminated as result.
As the kernel runs in DAT-on mode only the PSW_KERNEL_BITS
define gets PSW_MASK_DAT bit by default. Additionally, the
setup_lowcore_dat_off() and setup_lowcore_dat_on() routines
get merged, since there is no DAT-off mode stage anymore.
The memory mappings are created with RW+X protection that
allows the early boot code setting up all necessary data
and services for the kernel being booted. Just before the
paging is enabled the memory protection is changed to
RO+X for text, RO+NX for read-only data and RW+NX for
kernel data and the identity mapping.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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Nathan Chancellor reported several link errors on s390 with
CONFIG_RELOCATABLE disabled, after binutils commit 906f69cf65da ("IBM
zSystems: Issue error for *DBL relocs on misaligned symbols"). The binutils
commit reveals potential miscompiles that might have happened already
before with linker script defined symbols at odd addresses.
A similar bug was recently fixed in the kernel with commit c9305b6c1f52
("s390: fix nospec table alignments").
See https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1747 for an analysis
from Ulich Weigand.
Therefore always build a relocatable kernel to avoid this problem. There is
hardly any use-case for non-relocatable kernels, so this shouldn't be
controversial.
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1747
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221030182202.2062705-1-hca@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
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Convert initial lowcore to C and use proper defines and structures to
initialize it. This should make the z/VM ipl procedure a bit less magic.
Acked-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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The final kernel image is created by linking decompressor object files with
a startup archive. The startup archive file however does not contain only
optional code and data which can be discarded if not referenced. It also
contains mandatory object data like head.o which must never be discarded,
even if not referenced.
Move the decompresser code and linker script to the boot directory and get
rid of the startup archive so everything is kept during link time.
Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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Currently, the install target in arch/s390/Makefile descends into
arch/s390/boot/Makefile to invoke the shell script, but there is no
good reason to do so.
arch/s390/Makefile can run the shell script directly.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729142338.446002-1-masahiroy@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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s390x GCC and SystemZ Clang have ThreadSanitizer support now [1] [2],
so enable KCSAN for s390.
[1] https://gcc.gnu.org/git/?p=gcc.git;a=commit;h=ea22954e7c58
[2] https://reviews.llvm.org/D105629
Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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This change simplifies the task of making the decompressor relocatable.
The decompressor's image contains special DMA sections between _sdma and
_edma. This DMA segment is loaded at boot as part of the decompressor and
then simply handed over to the decompressed kernel. The decompressor itself
never uses it in any way. The primary reason for this is the need to keep
the aforementioned DMA segment below 2GB which is required by architecture,
and because the decompressor is always loaded at a fixed low physical
address, it is guaranteed that the DMA region will not cross the 2GB
memory limit. If the DMA region had been placed in the decompressed kernel,
then KASLR would make this guarantee impossible to fulfill or it would
be restricted to the first 2GB of memory address space.
This commit moves all DMA sections between _sdma and _edma from
the decompressor's image to the decompressed kernel's image. The complete
DMA region is placed in the init section of the decompressed kernel and
immediately relocated below 2GB at start-up before it is needed by other
parts of the decompressed kernel. The relocation of the DMA region happens
even if the decompressed kernel is already located below 2GB in order
to keep the first implementation simple. The relocation should not have
any noticeable impact on boot time because the DMA segment is only a couple
of pages.
After relocating the DMA sections, the kernel has to fix all references
which point into it. In order to automate this, place all variables
pointing into the DMA sections in a special .dma.refs section. All such
variables must be defined using the new __dma_ref macro. Only variables
containing addresses within the DMA sections must be placed in the new
.dma.refs section.
Furthermore, move the initialization of control registers from
the decompressor to the decompressed kernel because some control registers
reference tables that must be placed in the DMA data section to
guarantee that their addresses are below 2G. Because the decompressed
kernel relocates the DMA sections at startup, the content of control
registers CR2, CR5 and CR15 must be updated with new addresses after
the relocation. The decompressed kernel initializes all control registers
early at boot and then updates the content of CR2, CR5 and CR15
as soon as the DMA relocation has occurred. This practically reverts
the commit a80313ff91ab ("s390/kernel: introduce .dma sections").
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
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- Support static uninitialized variables in compressed kernel.
- Remove chkbss script
- Get rid of workarounds for not having .bss section
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kvmarm/kvmarm into HEAD
KVM/arm updates for Linux 5.7
- GICv4.1 support
- 32bit host removal
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Add "prot_virt" command line option which controls if the kernel
protected VMs support is enabled at early boot time. This has to be
done early, because it needs large amounts of memory and will disable
some features like STP time sync for the lpar.
Extend ultravisor info definitions and expose it via uv_info struct
filled in during startup.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
[borntraeger@de.ibm.com: patch merging, splitting, fixing]
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
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For the same reason as commit 19514fc665ff ("arm, kbuild: make "make
install" not depend on vmlinux"), the install targets should never
trigger the rebuild of the kernel.
The variable, CONFIGURE, is not set by anyone. Remove it as well.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200216144829.27023-1-masahiroy@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
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Try to print out startup pgm check info including exact linux kernel
version, pgm interruption code and ilc, psw and general registers. Like
the following:
Linux version 5.3.0-rc7-07282-ge7b4d41d61bd-dirty (gor@tuxmaker) #3 SMP PREEMPT Thu Sep 5 16:07:34 CEST 2019
Kernel fault: interruption code 0005 ilc:2
PSW : 0000000180000000 0000000000012e52
R:0 T:0 IO:0 EX:0 Key:0 M:0 W:0 P:0 AS:0 CC:0 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3
GPRS: 0000000000000000 00ffffffffffffff 0000000000000000 0000000000019a58
000000000000bf68 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 000000000001a041 0000000000000000
0000000004c9c000 0000000000010070 0000000000012e42 000000000000beb0
This info makes it apparent that kernel startup failed and might help
to understand what went wrong without actual standalone dump.
Printing code runs on its own stack of 1 page (at unused 0x5000), which
should be sufficient for sclp_early_printk usage (typical stack usage
observed has been around 512 bytes).
The code has pgm check recursion prevention, despite pgm check info
printing failure (follow on pgm check) or success it restores original
faulty psw and gprs and does disabled wait.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
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Extend "parmarea" to include an offset of the version string, which is
stored as 8-byte big endian value.
To retrieve version string from bzImage reliably, one should check the
presence of "S390EP" ascii string at 0x10008 (available since v3.2),
then read the version string offset from 0x10428 (which has been 0
since v3.2 up to now). The string is null terminated.
Could be retrieved with the following "file" command magic (requires
file v5.34):
8 string \x02\x00\x00\x18\x60\x00\x00\x50\x02\x00\x00\x68\x60\x00\x00\x50\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40 Linux S390
>0x10008 string S390EP
>>0x10428 bequad >0
>>>(0x10428.Q) string >\0 \b, version %s
Reported-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
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The strtonum awk function is a GNU extension and is not available with
all versions of awk. The link of bzImage fails with this error message:
>> awk: line 2: function or never defined
>> awk: line 2: function strtonum never defined
objcopy: --pad-to: bad number: arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux
Drop the awk script and the --pad-to objcopy parameter it generated and
use a FILL pattern with an appropriate alignment in the linker script
for the arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux file.
Fixes: f6780686525c ("s390/boot: pad bzImage to 4K")
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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llvm does does not understand -march=z9-109 and older target
specifiers, so disable the respective Kconfig settings and
the logic to make the boot code work on old systems when
building with clang.
Part of the early boot code is normally compiled with -march=z900
for maximum compatibility. This also has to get changed with
clang to the oldest supported ISA, which is -march=z10 here.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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This patch adds support for relocating the kernel to a random address.
The random kernel offset is obtained from cpacf, using either TRNG, PRNO,
or KMC_PRNG, depending on supported MSA level.
KERNELOFFSET is added to vmcoreinfo, for crash --kaslr support.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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With a relocatable kernel that could reside at any place in memory, code
and data that has to stay below 2 GB needs special handling.
This patch introduces .dma sections for such text, data and ex_table.
The sections will be part of the decompressor kernel, so they will not
be relocated and stay below 2 GB. Their location is passed over to the
decompressed / relocated kernel via the .boot.preserved.data section.
The duald and aste for control register setup also need to stay below
2 GB, so move the setup code from arch/s390/kernel/head64.S to
arch/s390/boot/head.S. The duct and linkage_stack could reside above
2 GB, but their content has to be preserved for the decompresed kernel,
so they are also moved into the .dma section.
The start and end address of the .dma sections is added to vmcoreinfo,
for crash support, to help debugging in case the kernel crashed there.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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This patch adds support for building a relocatable kernel with -fPIE.
The kernel will be relocated to 0 early in the boot process.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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In order to be able to sign the bzImage independent of the block size
of the IPL device, align the bzImage to 4096 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Read the IPL Report block provided by secure-boot, add the entries
of the certificate list to the system key ring and print the list
of components.
PR: Adjust to Vasilys bootdata_preserved patch set. Preserve ipl_cert_list
for later use in kexec_file.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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The Ultravisor Call Facility (stfle bit 158) defines an API to the
Ultravisor (UV calls), a mini hypervisor located at machine
level. With help of the Ultravisor, KVM will be able to run
"protected" VMs, special VMs whose memory and management data are
unavailable to KVM.
The protected VMs can also request services from the Ultravisor.
The guest api consists of UV calls to share and unshare memory with the
kvm hypervisor.
To enable this feature support PROTECTED_VIRTUALIZATION_GUEST kconfig
option has been introduced.
Co-developed-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Same as for .boot.data section make sure that .boot.preserved.data
sections of vmlinux and arch/s390/compressed/vmlinux match before
producing the compressed kernel image. Symbols presence, order and sizes
are cross-checked.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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scripts/Makefile.build and arch/s390/boot/Makefile use the same
command (thin archiving with symbol table creation).
Avoid the code duplication, and move it to scripts/Makefile.lib.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
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In Kbuild, if_changed and friends must have FORCE as a prerequisite.
Hence, $(filter-out FORCE,$^) or $(filter-out $(PHONY),$^) is a common
idiom to get the names of all the prerequisites except phony targets.
Add real-prereqs as a shorthand.
Note:
We cannot replace $(filter %.o,$^) in cmd_link_multi-m because $^ may
include auto-generated dependencies from the .*.cmd file when a single
object module is changed into a multi object module. Refer to commit
69ea912fda74 ("kbuild: remove unneeded link_multi_deps"). I added some
comment to avoid accidental breakage.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
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When I was refactoring cmd_ar_builtin in scripts/Makefile.build,
I noticed the build breakage of s390.
Some Makefiles of s390 add extra dependencies to built-in.a;
built-in.a depends on timestamp files *.o.chkbss, but $(AR) does
not want to include them into built-in.a.
Insert a phony target 'chkbss' in between so that $(AR) can take
$(filter-out $(PHONY), $^) as input.
While I was here, I refactored Makefile.chkbss a little bit.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
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Instrumented C code cannot run without the kasan shadow area. Exempt
source code files from kasan which are running before / used during
kasan initialization.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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To distinguish zfcpdump case and to be able to parse some of the kernel
command line arguments early (e.g. mem=) ipl block retrieval and command
line construction code is moved to the early boot phase.
"memory_end" is set up correctly respecting "mem=" and hsa_size in case
of the zfcpdump.
arch/s390/boot/string.c is introduced to provide string handling and
command line parsing functions to early boot phase code for the compressed
kernel image case.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Make sure that .boot.data sections of vmlinux and
arch/s390/compressed/vmlinux match before producing the compressed kernel
image. Symbols presence, order and sizes are cross-checked.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Move memory detection to early boot phase. To store online memory
regions "struct mem_detect_info" has been introduced together with
for_each_mem_detect_block iterator. mem_detect_info is later converted
to memblock.
Also introduces sclp_early_get_meminfo function to get maximum physical
memory and maximum increment number.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Decompressor's head.S provided "data mover" sole purpose of which has
been to safely move uncompressed kernel at 0x100000 and jump to it.
With current bzImage layout entire decompressor's code guaranteed to be
in a safe location under 0x100000, and hence could not be overwritten
during kernel move. For that reason head.S could be replaced with simple
memmove function. To do so introduce early boot code phase which is
executed from arch/s390/boot/head.S after "verify_facilities" and takes
care of optional kernel image decompression and transition to it.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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startup.a build rule packs a list of prerequisites into archive. That
didn't take into account extra prerequisites added by chkbss, so that
zero length *.o.chkbss files were also packed into the archive.
To avoid that filter only real object from prerequisites list.
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Correct merging error which replaced startup.a in targets list with
non-existing setup.a. Due to missing startup.a in targets list if_changed
triggered startup.a rebuild unconditionally.
Fixes: 3e200c54438d ("s390/decompressor: avoid reusing uncompressed image objects")
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Cover the decompressor code with no .bss usage compile time check.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Reusing arch/s390/lib/mem.S file solves a problem that sclp_early_core.c
and its dependencies have to be compiled with -march=z900 (no need to
compile compressed/misc.c with -march=z900). This also allows to avoid
mem functions duplicates, makes code a bit smaller and optimized mem
functions are utilized.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Re-compile ebcdic.c and sclp_early_core.c for the decompressor,
using proper decompressor CFLAGS. This also allows to potentially use
instrumentation for those files when built for the main kernel image.
With kbuild there is no easy way to re-compile a source file from
another directory. Bypass ugly rules and Makefile meta-programming
with relative path includes of original files.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Since uncompressed kernel image does not have to be bootable anymore,
move head.S, head_kdump.S and als.c to boot/ folder and compile them
in just in the decompressor.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Dropping support for uncompressed kernel "image" build. Having
both image and bzImage makes it complicated to add new code to an
early boot phase (which is part of vmlinux for uncompressed kernel and
a separate arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux for bzImage).
e.g. sclp_early_core.o is used for both, the decompressor phase and the
main kernel. The fact of having uncompressed kernel "image" forces us
to have a single object file and sacrifice instrumentation flags on such
files (so that we could use them early). The story gets much more
complicated with the need to utilize some of the string functions.
With bzImage only support, we have 2 separate boot stages each built
and linked separately, which allows to reuse some shared code, but
recompile with appropriate flags.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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ccflags-y has no effect (no code is built in that directory,
arch/s390/boot/compressed/Makefile defines its own KBUILD_CFLAGS).
Removing ccflags-y together with COMPILE_VERSION.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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The compressed kernel image is built since commit "[S390] add support for
compressed kernels" (1844c9bc0b2fed3023551c1affe033ab38e90b9a).
Now install the compressed kernel image (bzImage) as default.
Signed-off-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Remove last traces of our kerntypes patch which was always an addon
patch which never got upstream. Somehow a few bits got upstream
anyway.
Since kerntypes aren't used anymore and lcrash isn't maintained (for
s390 at least) remove the last traces of kerntypes that somehow went
upstream. Also remove the documentation that mentions lcrash.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Replace EXTRA_CFLAGS with ccflags-y.
Signed-off-by: matt mooney <mfm@muteddisk.com>
Acked-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
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Add the "bzImage" compile target and the necessary code to generate
compressed kernel images. The old style uncompressed "image" target
is preserved, a simple make will build them both.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
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