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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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The Graphics Output Protocol code executes in the stub, so create a generic
version based on the x86 version in libstub so that we can move other archs
to it in subsequent patches. The new source file gop.c is added to the
libstub build for all architectures, but only wired up for x86.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461614832-17633-18-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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In preparation of moving this code to drivers/firmware/efi and reusing
it on ARM and arm64, apply any changes that will be required to make this
code build for other architectures. This should make it easier to track
down problems that this move may cause to its operation on x86.
Note that the generic version uses slightly different ways of casting the
protocol methods and some other variables to the correct types, since such
method calls are not loosely typed on ARM and arm64 as they are on x86.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461614832-17633-17-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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This reverts commit 84be880560fb, which itself reverted my original
attempt to move x86 from #include'ing .c files from across the tree
to using the EFI stub built as a static library.
The issue that affected the original approach was that splitting
the implementation into several .o files resulted in the variable
'efi_early' becoming a global with external linkage, which under
-fPIC implies that references to it must go through the GOT. However,
dealing with this additional GOT entry turned out to be troublesome
on some EFI implementations. (GCC's visibility=hidden attribute is
supposed to lift this requirement, but it turned out not to work on
the 32-bit build.)
Instead, use a pure getter function to get a reference to efi_early.
This approach results in no additional GOT entries being generated,
so there is no need for any changes in the early GOT handling.
Tested-by: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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This reverts commit f23cf8bd5c1f ("efi/x86: efistub: Move shared
dependencies to <asm/efi.h>") as well as the x86 parts of commit
f4f75ad5741f ("efi: efistub: Convert into static library").
The road leading to these two reverts is long and winding.
The above two commits were merged during the v3.17 merge window and
turned the common EFI boot stub code into a static library. This
necessitated making some symbols global in the x86 boot stub which
introduced new entries into the early boot GOT.
The problem was that we weren't fixing up the newly created GOT entries
before invoking the EFI boot stub, which sometimes resulted in hangs or
resets. This failure was reported by Maarten on his Macbook pro.
The proposed fix was commit 9cb0e394234d ("x86/efi: Fixup GOT in all
boot code paths"). However, that caused issues for Linus when booting
his Sony Vaio Pro 11. It was subsequently reverted in commit
f3670394c29f.
So that leaves us back with Maarten's Macbook pro not booting.
At this stage in the release cycle the least risky option is to revert
the x86 EFI boot stub to the pre-merge window code structure where we
explicitly #include efi-stub-helper.c instead of linking with the static
library. The arm64 code remains unaffected.
We can take another swing at the x86 parts for v3.18.
Conflicts:
arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
Tested-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@fedoraproject.org>
Tested-by: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org> [arm64]
Tested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>,
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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This moves definitions depended upon both by code under arch/x86/boot
and under drivers/firmware/efi to <asm/efi.h>. This is in preparation of
turning the stub code under drivers/firmware/efi into a static library.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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It's not possible to dereference the EFI System table directly when
booting a 64-bit kernel on a 32-bit EFI firmware because the size of
pointers don't match.
In preparation for supporting the above use case, build a list of
function pointers on boot so that callers don't have to worry about
converting pointer sizes through multiple levels of indirection.
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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The traditional approach of using machine-specific types such as
'unsigned long' does not allow the kernel to interact with firmware
running in a different CPU mode, e.g. 64-bit kernel with 32-bit EFI.
Add distinct EFI structure definitions for both 32-bit and 64-bit so
that we can use them in the 32-bit and 64-bit code paths.
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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No code changes made, just moving functions and #define from x86 arch
directory to common location. Code is shared using #include, similar
to how decompression code is shared among architectures.
Signed-off-by: Roy Franz <roy.franz@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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The x86/AMD64 EFI stubs must use a call wrapper to convert between
the Linux and EFI ABIs, so void pointers are sufficient. For ARM,
the ABIs are compatible, so we can directly invoke the function
pointers. The functions that are used by the ARM stub are updated
to match the EFI definitions.
Also add some EFI types used by EFI functions.
Signed-off-by: Roy Franz <roy.franz@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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We currently use the PCI IO protocol as a proxy for a functional GOP. This
is less than ideal, since some platforms will put the GOP on output devices
rather than the GPU itself. Move to using the conout protocol. This is not
guaranteed per-spec, but is part of the consplitter implementation that
causes this problem in the first place and so should be reliable.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
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We need a way of printing useful messages to the user, for example
when we fail to open an initrd file, instead of just hanging the
machine without giving the user any indication of what went wrong. So
sprinkle some error messages throughout the EFI boot stub code to make
it easier for users to diagnose/report problems.
Reported-by: Keshav P R <the.ridikulus.rat@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1331907517-3985-3-git-send-email-matt@console-pimps.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
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The efi boot stub tries to read the entire initrd in 1 go, however
some efi implementations hang if too much if asked to read too much
data at the same time. After some experimentation I found out that my
asrock p67 board will hang if asked to read chunks of 4MiB, so use a
safe value.
elilo reads in chunks of 16KiB, but since that requires many read
calls I use a value of 1 MiB. hpa suggested adding individual
blacklists for when systems are found where this value causes a crash.
Signed-off-by: Maarten Lankhorst <m.b.lankhorst@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4EEB3A02.3090201@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
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There is currently a large divide between kernel development and the
development of EFI boot loaders. The idea behind this patch is to give
the kernel developers full control over the EFI boot process. As
H. Peter Anvin put it,
"The 'kernel carries its own stub' approach been very successful in
dealing with BIOS, and would make a lot of sense to me for EFI as
well."
This patch introduces an EFI boot stub that allows an x86 bzImage to
be loaded and executed by EFI firmware. The bzImage appears to the
firmware as an EFI application. Luckily there are enough free bits
within the bzImage header so that it can masquerade as an EFI
application, thereby coercing the EFI firmware into loading it and
jumping to its entry point. The beauty of this masquerading approach
is that both BIOS and EFI boot loaders can still load and run the same
bzImage, thereby allowing a single kernel image to work in any boot
environment.
The EFI boot stub supports multiple initrds, but they must exist on
the same partition as the bzImage. Command-line arguments for the
kernel can be appended after the bzImage name when run from the EFI
shell, e.g.
Shell> bzImage console=ttyS0 root=/dev/sdb initrd=initrd.img
v7:
- Fix checkpatch warnings.
v6:
- Try to allocate initrd memory just below hdr->inird_addr_max.
v5:
- load_options_size is UTF-16, which needs dividing by 2 to convert
to the corresponding ASCII size.
v4:
- Don't read more than image->load_options_size
v3:
- Fix following warnings when compiling CONFIG_EFI_STUB=n
arch/x86/boot/tools/build.c: In function ‘main’:
arch/x86/boot/tools/build.c:138:24: warning: unused variable ‘pe_header’
arch/x86/boot/tools/build.c:138:15: warning: unused variable ‘file_sz’
- As reported by Matthew Garrett, some Apple machines have GOPs that
don't have hardware attached. We need to weed these out by
searching for ones that handle the PCIIO protocol.
- Don't allocate memory if no initrds are on cmdline
- Don't trust image->load_options_size
Maarten Lankhorst noted:
- Don't strip first argument when booted from efibootmgr
- Don't allocate too much memory for cmdline
- Don't update cmdline_size, the kernel considers it read-only
- Don't accept '\n' for initrd names
v2:
- File alignment was too large, was 8192 should be 512. Reported by
Maarten Lankhorst on LKML.
- Added UGA support for graphics
- Use VIDEO_TYPE_EFI instead of hard-coded number.
- Move linelength assignment until after we've assigned depth
- Dynamically fill out AddressOfEntryPoint in tools/build.c
- Don't use magic number for GDT/TSS stuff. Requested by Andi Kleen
- The bzImage may need to be relocated as it may have been loaded at
a high address address by the firmware. This was required to get my
macbook booting because the firmware loaded it at 0x7cxxxxxx, which
triggers this error in decompress_kernel(),
if (heap > ((-__PAGE_OFFSET-(128<<20)-1) & 0x7fffffff))
error("Destination address too large");
Cc: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Henrik Rydberg <rydberg@euromail.se>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1321383097.2657.9.camel@mfleming-mobl1.ger.corp.intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
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