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2020-04-20docs: filesystems: fix renamed referencesMauro Carvalho Chehab
Some filesystem references got broken by a previous patch series I submitted. Address those. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> # fs/affs/Kconfig Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/57318c53008dbda7f6f4a5a9e5787f4d37e8565a.1586881715.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
2020-02-07cramfs: switch to use of errofc() et.al.Al Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2019-11-23cramfs: fix usage on non-MTD deviceMaxime Bizon
When both CONFIG_CRAMFS_MTD and CONFIG_CRAMFS_BLOCKDEV are enabled, if we fail to mount on MTD, we don't try on block device. Note: this relies upon cramfs_mtd_fill_super() leaving no side effects on fc state in case of failure; in general, failing get_tree_...() does *not* mean "fine to try again"; e.g. parsed options might've been consumed by fill_super callback and freed on failure. Fixes: 74f78fc5ef43 ("vfs: Convert cramfs to use the new mount API") Signed-off-by: Maxime Bizon <mbizon@freebox.fr> Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2019-09-19Merge branch 'work.mount2' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull misc mount API conversions from Al Viro: "Conversions to new API for shmem and friends and for mount_mtd()-using filesystems. As for the rest of the mount API conversions in -next, some of them belong in the individual trees (e.g. binderfs one should definitely go through android folks, after getting redone on top of their changes). I'm going to drop those and send the rest (trivial ones + stuff ACKed by maintainers) in a separate series - by that point they are independent from each other. Some stuff has already migrated into individual trees (NFS conversion, for example, or FUSE stuff, etc.); those presumably will go through the regular merges from corresponding trees." * 'work.mount2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: vfs: Make fs_parse() handle fs_param_is_fd-type params better vfs: Convert ramfs, shmem, tmpfs, devtmpfs, rootfs to use the new mount API shmem_parse_one(): switch to use of fs_parse() shmem_parse_options(): take handling a single option into a helper shmem_parse_options(): don't bother with mpol in separate variable shmem_parse_options(): use a separate structure to keep the results make shmem_fill_super() static make ramfs_fill_super() static devtmpfs: don't mix {ramfs,shmem}_fill_super() with mount_single() vfs: Convert squashfs to use the new mount API mtd: Kill mount_mtd() vfs: Convert jffs2 to use the new mount API vfs: Convert cramfs to use the new mount API vfs: Convert romfs to use the new mount API vfs: Add a single-or-reconfig keying to vfs_get_super()
2019-09-05vfs: Convert cramfs to use the new mount APIDavid Howells
Convert the cramfs filesystem to the new internal mount API as the old one will be obsoleted and removed. This allows greater flexibility in communication of mount parameters between userspace, the VFS and the filesystem. See Documentation/filesystems/mount_api.txt for more information. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Tested-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net> Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net> cc: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org cc: linux-block@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2019-08-30fs: Fill in max and min timestamps in superblockDeepa Dinamani
Fill in the appropriate limits to avoid inconsistencies in the vfs cached inode times when timestamps are outside the permitted range. Even though some filesystems are read-only, fill in the timestamps to reflect the on-disk representation. Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Acked-By: Tigran Aivazian <aivazian.tigran@gmail.com> Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> Cc: aivazian.tigran@gmail.com Cc: al@alarsen.net Cc: coda@cs.cmu.edu Cc: darrick.wong@oracle.com Cc: dushistov@mail.ru Cc: dwmw2@infradead.org Cc: hch@infradead.org Cc: jack@suse.com Cc: jaharkes@cs.cmu.edu Cc: luisbg@kernel.org Cc: nico@fluxnic.net Cc: phillip@squashfs.org.uk Cc: richard@nod.at Cc: salah.triki@gmail.com Cc: shaggy@kernel.org Cc: linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org Cc: codalist@coda.cs.cmu.edu Cc: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org Cc: jfs-discussion@lists.sourceforge.net Cc: reiserfs-devel@vger.kernel.org
2019-05-21treewide: Add SPDX license identifier - Makefile/KconfigThomas Gleixner
Add SPDX license identifiers to all Make/Kconfig files which: - Have no license information of any form These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX license identifier is: GPL-2.0-only Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-10-30Merge tag 'cramfs_fixes' of git://git.linaro.org/people/nicolas.pitre/linuxLinus Torvalds
Pull cramfs fixes from Nicolas Pitre: "Make the Cramfs code more robust against filesystem corruptions, plus trivial indentation fixes" * tag 'cramfs_fixes' of git://git.linaro.org/people/nicolas.pitre/linux: Cramfs: trivial whitespace fixes Cramfs: fix abad comparison when wrap-arounds occur
2018-10-30Cramfs: trivial whitespace fixesNicolas Pitre
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
2018-10-30Cramfs: fix abad comparison when wrap-arounds occurNicolas Pitre
It is possible for corrupted filesystem images to produce very large block offsets that may wrap when a length is added, and wrongly pass the buffer size test. Reported-by: Anatoly Trosinenko <anatoly.trosinenko@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
2018-10-26cramfs: convert to use vmf_insert_mixedNicolas Pitre
cramfs is the only remaining user of vm_insert_mixed() and should be converted to vmf_insert_mixed(). Based on a previous patch from Matthew Wilcox. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/nycvar.YSQ.7.76.1808290945450.10215@knanqh.ubzr Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Souptick Joarder <jrdr.linux@gmail.com>a Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-06-15Merge tag 'vfs-timespec64' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/playground Pull inode timestamps conversion to timespec64 from Arnd Bergmann: "This is a late set of changes from Deepa Dinamani doing an automated treewide conversion of the inode and iattr structures from 'timespec' to 'timespec64', to push the conversion from the VFS layer into the individual file systems. As Deepa writes: 'The series aims to switch vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64. Currently vfs uses struct timespec, which is not y2038 safe. The series involves the following: 1. Add vfs helper functions for supporting struct timepec64 timestamps. 2. Cast prints of vfs timestamps to avoid warnings after the switch. 3. Simplify code using vfs timestamps so that the actual replacement becomes easy. 4. Convert vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64 using a script. This is a flag day patch. Next steps: 1. Convert APIs that can handle timespec64, instead of converting timestamps at the boundaries. 2. Update internal data structures to avoid timestamp conversions' Thomas Gleixner adds: 'I think there is no point to drag that out for the next merge window. The whole thing needs to be done in one go for the core changes which means that you're going to play that catchup game forever. Let's get over with it towards the end of the merge window'" * tag 'vfs-timespec64' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/playground: pstore: Remove bogus format string definition vfs: change inode times to use struct timespec64 pstore: Convert internal records to timespec64 udf: Simplify calls to udf_disk_stamp_to_time fs: nfs: get rid of memcpys for inode times ceph: make inode time prints to be long long lustre: Use long long type to print inode time fs: add timespec64_truncate()
2018-06-14Merge branch 'vfs_timespec64' of https://github.com/deepa-hub/vfs into ↵Arnd Bergmann
vfs-timespec64 Pull the timespec64 conversion from Deepa Dinamani: "The series aims to switch vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64. Currently vfs uses struct timespec, which is not y2038 safe. The flag patch applies cleanly. I've not seen the timestamps update logic change often. The series applies cleanly on 4.17-rc6 and linux-next tip (top commit: next-20180517). I'm not sure how to merge this kind of a series with a flag patch. We are targeting 4.18 for this. Let me know if you have other suggestions. The series involves the following: 1. Add vfs helper functions for supporting struct timepec64 timestamps. 2. Cast prints of vfs timestamps to avoid warnings after the switch. 3. Simplify code using vfs timestamps so that the actual replacement becomes easy. 4. Convert vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64 using a script. This is a flag day patch. I've tried to keep the conversions with the script simple, to aid in the reviews. I've kept all the internal filesystem data structures and function signatures the same. Next steps: 1. Convert APIs that can handle timespec64, instead of converting timestamps at the boundaries. 2. Update internal data structures to avoid timestamp conversions." I've pulled it into a branch based on top of the NFS changes that are now in mainline, so I could resolve the non-obvious conflict between the two while merging. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
2018-06-05vfs: change inode times to use struct timespec64Deepa Dinamani
struct timespec is not y2038 safe. Transition vfs to use y2038 safe struct timespec64 instead. The change was made with the help of the following cocinelle script. This catches about 80% of the changes. All the header file and logic changes are included in the first 5 rules. The rest are trivial substitutions. I avoid changing any of the function signatures or any other filesystem specific data structures to keep the patch simple for review. The script can be a little shorter by combining different cases. But, this version was sufficient for my usecase. virtual patch @ depends on patch @ identifier now; @@ - struct timespec + struct timespec64 current_time ( ... ) { - struct timespec now = current_kernel_time(); + struct timespec64 now = current_kernel_time64(); ... - return timespec_trunc( + return timespec64_trunc( ... ); } @ depends on patch @ identifier xtime; @@ struct \( iattr \| inode \| kstat \) { ... - struct timespec xtime; + struct timespec64 xtime; ... } @ depends on patch @ identifier t; @@ struct inode_operations { ... int (*update_time) (..., - struct timespec t, + struct timespec64 t, ...); ... } @ depends on patch @ identifier t; identifier fn_update_time =~ "update_time$"; @@ fn_update_time (..., - struct timespec *t, + struct timespec64 *t, ...) { ... } @ depends on patch @ identifier t; @@ lease_get_mtime( ... , - struct timespec *t + struct timespec64 *t ) { ... } @te depends on patch forall@ identifier ts; local idexpression struct inode *inode_node; identifier i_xtime =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; identifier fn_update_time =~ "update_time$"; identifier fn; expression e, E3; local idexpression struct inode *node1; local idexpression struct inode *node2; local idexpression struct iattr *attr1; local idexpression struct iattr *attr2; local idexpression struct iattr attr; identifier i_xtime1 =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier i_xtime2 =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime1 =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime2 =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; @@ ( ( - struct timespec ts; + struct timespec64 ts; | - struct timespec ts = current_time(inode_node); + struct timespec64 ts = current_time(inode_node); ) <+... when != ts ( - timespec_equal(&inode_node->i_xtime, &ts) + timespec64_equal(&inode_node->i_xtime, &ts) | - timespec_equal(&ts, &inode_node->i_xtime) + timespec64_equal(&ts, &inode_node->i_xtime) | - timespec_compare(&inode_node->i_xtime, &ts) + timespec64_compare(&inode_node->i_xtime, &ts) | - timespec_compare(&ts, &inode_node->i_xtime) + timespec64_compare(&ts, &inode_node->i_xtime) | ts = current_time(e) | fn_update_time(..., &ts,...) | inode_node->i_xtime = ts | node1->i_xtime = ts | ts = inode_node->i_xtime | <+... attr1->ia_xtime ...+> = ts | ts = attr1->ia_xtime | ts.tv_sec | ts.tv_nsec | btrfs_set_stack_timespec_sec(..., ts.tv_sec) | btrfs_set_stack_timespec_nsec(..., ts.tv_nsec) | - ts = timespec64_to_timespec( + ts = ... -) | - ts = ktime_to_timespec( + ts = ktime_to_timespec64( ...) | - ts = E3 + ts = timespec_to_timespec64(E3) | - ktime_get_real_ts(&ts) + ktime_get_real_ts64(&ts) | fn(..., - ts + timespec64_to_timespec(ts) ,...) ) ...+> ( <... when != ts - return ts; + return timespec64_to_timespec(ts); ...> ) | - timespec_equal(&node1->i_xtime1, &node2->i_xtime2) + timespec64_equal(&node1->i_xtime2, &node2->i_xtime2) | - timespec_equal(&node1->i_xtime1, &attr2->ia_xtime2) + timespec64_equal(&node1->i_xtime2, &attr2->ia_xtime2) | - timespec_compare(&node1->i_xtime1, &node2->i_xtime2) + timespec64_compare(&node1->i_xtime1, &node2->i_xtime2) | node1->i_xtime1 = - timespec_trunc(attr1->ia_xtime1, + timespec64_trunc(attr1->ia_xtime1, ...) | - attr1->ia_xtime1 = timespec_trunc(attr2->ia_xtime2, + attr1->ia_xtime1 = timespec64_trunc(attr2->ia_xtime2, ...) | - ktime_get_real_ts(&attr1->ia_xtime1) + ktime_get_real_ts64(&attr1->ia_xtime1) | - ktime_get_real_ts(&attr.ia_xtime1) + ktime_get_real_ts64(&attr.ia_xtime1) ) @ depends on patch @ struct inode *node; struct iattr *attr; identifier fn; identifier i_xtime =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; expression e; @@ ( - fn(node->i_xtime); + fn(timespec64_to_timespec(node->i_xtime)); | fn(..., - node->i_xtime); + timespec64_to_timespec(node->i_xtime)); | - e = fn(attr->ia_xtime); + e = fn(timespec64_to_timespec(attr->ia_xtime)); ) @ depends on patch forall @ struct inode *node; struct iattr *attr; identifier i_xtime =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; identifier fn; @@ { + struct timespec ts; <+... ( + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(node->i_xtime); fn (..., - &node->i_xtime, + &ts, ...); | + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(attr->ia_xtime); fn (..., - &attr->ia_xtime, + &ts, ...); ) ...+> } @ depends on patch forall @ struct inode *node; struct iattr *attr; struct kstat *stat; identifier ia_xtime =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; identifier i_xtime =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier xtime =~ "^[acm]time$"; identifier fn, ret; @@ { + struct timespec ts; <+... ( + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(node->i_xtime); ret = fn (..., - &node->i_xtime, + &ts, ...); | + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(node->i_xtime); ret = fn (..., - &node->i_xtime); + &ts); | + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(attr->ia_xtime); ret = fn (..., - &attr->ia_xtime, + &ts, ...); | + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(attr->ia_xtime); ret = fn (..., - &attr->ia_xtime); + &ts); | + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(stat->xtime); ret = fn (..., - &stat->xtime); + &ts); ) ...+> } @ depends on patch @ struct inode *node; struct inode *node2; identifier i_xtime1 =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier i_xtime2 =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier i_xtime3 =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; struct iattr *attrp; struct iattr *attrp2; struct iattr attr ; identifier ia_xtime1 =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime2 =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; struct kstat *stat; struct kstat stat1; struct timespec64 ts; identifier xtime =~ "^[acmb]time$"; expression e; @@ ( ( node->i_xtime2 \| attrp->ia_xtime2 \| attr.ia_xtime2 \) = node->i_xtime1 ; | node->i_xtime2 = \( node2->i_xtime1 \| timespec64_trunc(...) \); | node->i_xtime2 = node->i_xtime1 = node->i_xtime3 = \(ts \| current_time(...) \); | node->i_xtime1 = node->i_xtime3 = \(ts \| current_time(...) \); | stat->xtime = node2->i_xtime1; | stat1.xtime = node2->i_xtime1; | ( node->i_xtime2 \| attrp->ia_xtime2 \) = attrp->ia_xtime1 ; | ( attrp->ia_xtime1 \| attr.ia_xtime1 \) = attrp2->ia_xtime2; | - e = node->i_xtime1; + e = timespec64_to_timespec( node->i_xtime1 ); | - e = attrp->ia_xtime1; + e = timespec64_to_timespec( attrp->ia_xtime1 ); | node->i_xtime1 = current_time(...); | node->i_xtime2 = node->i_xtime1 = node->i_xtime3 = - e; + timespec_to_timespec64(e); | node->i_xtime1 = node->i_xtime3 = - e; + timespec_to_timespec64(e); | - node->i_xtime1 = e; + node->i_xtime1 = timespec_to_timespec64(e); ) Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: <anton@tuxera.com> Cc: <balbi@kernel.org> Cc: <bfields@fieldses.org> Cc: <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Cc: <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: <dsterba@suse.com> Cc: <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: <hch@lst.de> Cc: <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp> Cc: <hubcap@omnibond.com> Cc: <jack@suse.com> Cc: <jaegeuk@kernel.org> Cc: <jaharkes@cs.cmu.edu> Cc: <jslaby@suse.com> Cc: <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: <mark@fasheh.com> Cc: <miklos@szeredi.hu> Cc: <nico@linaro.org> Cc: <reiserfs-devel@vger.kernel.org> Cc: <richard@nod.at> Cc: <sage@redhat.com> Cc: <sfrench@samba.org> Cc: <swhiteho@redhat.com> Cc: <tj@kernel.org> Cc: <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com> Cc: <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2018-05-22cramfs_lookup(): use d_splice_alias()Al Viro
simpler code that way, actually Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2018-05-21cramfs: Fix IS_ENABLED typoJoe Perches
There's an extra C here... Fixes: 99c18ce580c6 ("cramfs: direct memory access support") Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2018-02-08cramfs: better MTD dependency expressionNicolas Pitre
Commit b9f5fb1800d8 ("cramfs: fix MTD dependency") did what it says. Since commit 9059a3493efe ("kconfig: fix relational operators for bool and tristate symbols") it is possible to do it slightly better though. Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-12-17cramfs: fix MTD dependencyArnd Bergmann
With CONFIG_MTD=m and CONFIG_CRAMFS=y, we now get a link failure: fs/cramfs/inode.o: In function `cramfs_mount': inode.c:(.text+0x220): undefined reference to `mount_mtd' fs/cramfs/inode.o: In function `cramfs_mtd_fill_super': inode.c:(.text+0x6d8): undefined reference to `mtd_point' inode.c:(.text+0xae4): undefined reference to `mtd_unpoint' This adds a more specific Kconfig dependency to avoid the broken configuration. Alternatively we could make CRAMFS itself depend on "MTD || !MTD" with a similar result. Fixes: 99c18ce580c6 ("cramfs: direct memory access support") Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-27Rename superblock flags (MS_xyz -> SB_xyz)Linus Torvalds
This is a pure automated search-and-replace of the internal kernel superblock flags. The s_flags are now called SB_*, with the names and the values for the moment mirroring the MS_* flags that they're equivalent to. Note how the MS_xyz flags are the ones passed to the mount system call, while the SB_xyz flags are what we then use in sb->s_flags. The script to do this was: # places to look in; re security/*: it generally should *not* be # touched (that stuff parses mount(2) arguments directly), but # there are two places where we really deal with superblock flags. FILES="drivers/mtd drivers/staging/lustre fs ipc mm \ include/linux/fs.h include/uapi/linux/bfs_fs.h \ security/apparmor/apparmorfs.c security/apparmor/include/lib.h" # the list of MS_... constants SYMS="RDONLY NOSUID NODEV NOEXEC SYNCHRONOUS REMOUNT MANDLOCK \ DIRSYNC NOATIME NODIRATIME BIND MOVE REC VERBOSE SILENT \ POSIXACL UNBINDABLE PRIVATE SLAVE SHARED RELATIME KERNMOUNT \ I_VERSION STRICTATIME LAZYTIME SUBMOUNT NOREMOTELOCK NOSEC BORN \ ACTIVE NOUSER" SED_PROG= for i in $SYMS; do SED_PROG="$SED_PROG -e s/MS_$i/SB_$i/g"; done # we want files that contain at least one of MS_..., # with fs/namespace.c and fs/pnode.c excluded. L=$(for i in $SYMS; do git grep -w -l MS_$i $FILES; done| sort|uniq|grep -v '^fs/namespace.c'|grep -v '^fs/pnode.c') for f in $L; do sed -i $f $SED_PROG; done Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-17Merge branch 'work.cramfs' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull cramfs updates from Al Viro: "Nicolas Pitre's cramfs work" * 'work.cramfs' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: cramfs: rehabilitate it cramfs: add mmap support cramfs: implement uncompressed and arbitrary data block positioning cramfs: direct memory access support
2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-10-15cramfs: rehabilitate itNicolas Pitre
Update documentation, pointer to latest tools, appoint myself as maintainer. Given it's been unloved for so long, I don't expect anyone will protest. Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Tested-by: Chris Brandt <chris.brandt@renesas.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2017-10-15cramfs: add mmap supportNicolas Pitre
When cramfs in physical memory is used then we have the opportunity to map files directly from ROM, directly into user space, saving on RAM usage. This gives us Execute-In-Place (XIP) support. For a file to be mmap()-able, the map area has to correspond to a range of uncompressed and contiguous blocks, and in the MMU case it also has to be page aligned. A version of mkcramfs with appropriate support is necessary to create such a filesystem image. In the MMU case it may happen for a vma structure to extend beyond the actual file size. This is notably the case in binfmt_elf.c:elf_map(). Or the file's last block is shared with other files and cannot be mapped as is. Rather than refusing to mmap it, we do a "mixed" map and let the regular fault handler populate the unmapped area with RAM-backed pages. In practice the unmapped area is seldom accessed so page faults might never occur before this area is discarded. In the non-MMU case it is the get_unmapped_area method that is responsible for providing the address where the actual data can be found. No mapping is necessary of course. Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Tested-by: Chris Brandt <chris.brandt@renesas.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2017-10-15cramfs: implement uncompressed and arbitrary data block positioningNicolas Pitre
Two new capabilities are introduced here: - The ability to store some blocks uncompressed. - The ability to locate blocks anywhere. Those capabilities can be used independently, but the combination opens the possibility for execute-in-place (XIP) of program text segments that must remain uncompressed, and in the MMU case, must have a specific alignment. It is even possible to still have the writable data segments from the same file compressed as they have to be copied into RAM anyway. This is achieved by giving special meanings to some unused block pointer bits while remaining compatible with legacy cramfs images. Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Tested-by: Chris Brandt <chris.brandt@renesas.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2017-10-15cramfs: direct memory access supportNicolas Pitre
Small embedded systems typically execute the kernel code in place (XIP) directly from flash to save on precious RAM usage. This patch adds to cramfs the ability to consume filesystem data directly from flash as well. Cramfs is particularly well suited to this feature as it is very simple with low RAM usage, and with this feature it is possible to use it with no block device support and consequently even lower RAM usage. This patch was inspired by a similar patch from Shane Nay dated 17 years ago that used to be very popular in embedded circles but never made it into mainline. This is a cleaned-up implementation that uses far fewer ifdef's and gets the actual memory location for the filesystem image via MTD at run time. In the context of small IoT deployments, this functionality has become relevant and useful again. Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Tested-by: Chris Brandt <chris.brandt@renesas.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-05-09more trivial ->iterate_shared conversionsAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-04-04mm, fs: remove remaining PAGE_CACHE_* and page_cache_{get,release} usageKirill A. Shutemov
Mostly direct substitution with occasional adjustment or removing outdated comments. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-04-04mm, fs: get rid of PAGE_CACHE_* and page_cache_{get,release} macrosKirill A. Shutemov
PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} macros were introduced *long* time ago with promise that one day it will be possible to implement page cache with bigger chunks than PAGE_SIZE. This promise never materialized. And unlikely will. We have many places where PAGE_CACHE_SIZE assumed to be equal to PAGE_SIZE. And it's constant source of confusion on whether PAGE_CACHE_* or PAGE_* constant should be used in a particular case, especially on the border between fs and mm. Global switching to PAGE_CACHE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE would cause to much breakage to be doable. Let's stop pretending that pages in page cache are special. They are not. The changes are pretty straight-forward: - <foo> << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) -> <foo>; - <foo> >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) -> <foo>; - PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} -> PAGE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN}; - page_cache_get() -> get_page(); - page_cache_release() -> put_page(); This patch contains automated changes generated with coccinelle using script below. For some reason, coccinelle doesn't patch header files. I've called spatch for them manually. The only adjustment after coccinelle is revert of changes to PAGE_CAHCE_ALIGN definition: we are going to drop it later. There are few places in the code where coccinelle didn't reach. I'll fix them manually in a separate patch. Comments and documentation also will be addressed with the separate patch. virtual patch @@ expression E; @@ - E << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) + E @@ expression E; @@ - E >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) + E @@ @@ - PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT + PAGE_SHIFT @@ @@ - PAGE_CACHE_SIZE + PAGE_SIZE @@ @@ - PAGE_CACHE_MASK + PAGE_MASK @@ expression E; @@ - PAGE_CACHE_ALIGN(E) + PAGE_ALIGN(E) @@ expression E; @@ - page_cache_get(E) + get_page(E) @@ expression E; @@ - page_cache_release(E) + put_page(E) Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-12-08don't put symlink bodies in pagecache into highmemAl Viro
kmap() in page_follow_link_light() needed to go - allowing to hold an arbitrary number of kmaps for long is a great way to deadlocking the system. new helper (inode_nohighmem(inode)) needs to be used for pagecache symlinks inodes; done for all in-tree cases. page_follow_link_light() instrumented to yell about anything missed. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2014-08-08fs/cramfs/inode.c: use linux/uaccess.hFabian Frederick
Fixes checkpatch warning: WARNING: Use #include <linux/uaccess.h> instead of <asm/uaccess.h> Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-08fs/cramfs: code clean-upFabian Frederick
Fixes some checkpatch errors/warnings: WARNING: Missing a blank line after declarations ERROR: spaces required around that '=' (ctx:VxV) ERROR: "foo * bar" should be "foo *bar" ERROR: space prohibited after that open parenthesis '(' Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-08fs/cramfs: use pr_fmtFabian Frederick
Use module name for "cramfs: " prefix. (note that uncompress.c printk had no prefix). Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-08fs/cramfs: convert printk to pr_foo()Fabian Frederick
Use current logging functions. No level printk converted to pr_err Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-04-04Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4 Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o: "Major changes for 3.14 include support for the newly added ZERO_RANGE and COLLAPSE_RANGE fallocate operations, and scalability improvements in the jbd2 layer and in xattr handling when the extended attributes spill over into an external block. Other than that, the usual clean ups and minor bug fixes" * tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (42 commits) ext4: fix premature freeing of partial clusters split across leaf blocks ext4: remove unneeded test of ret variable ext4: fix comment typo ext4: make ext4_block_zero_page_range static ext4: atomically set inode->i_flags in ext4_set_inode_flags() ext4: optimize Hurd tests when reading/writing inodes ext4: kill i_version support for Hurd-castrated file systems ext4: each filesystem creates and uses its own mb_cache fs/mbcache.c: doucple the locking of local from global data fs/mbcache.c: change block and index hash chain to hlist_bl_node ext4: Introduce FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE flag for fallocate ext4: refactor ext4_fallocate code ext4: Update inode i_size after the preallocation ext4: fix partial cluster handling for bigalloc file systems ext4: delete path dealloc code in ext4_ext_handle_uninitialized_extents ext4: only call sync_filesystm() when remounting read-only fs: push sync_filesystem() down to the file system's remount_fs() jbd2: improve error messages for inconsistent journal heads jbd2: minimize region locked by j_list_lock in jbd2_journal_forget() jbd2: minimize region locked by j_list_lock in journal_get_create_access() ...
2014-04-03mm: remove read_cache_page_async()Sasha Levin
This patch removes read_cache_page_async() which wasn't really needed anywhere and simplifies the code around it a bit. read_cache_page_async() is useful when we want to read a page into the cache without waiting for it to complete. This happens when the appropriate callback 'filler' doesn't complete its read operation and releases the page lock immediately, and instead queues a different completion routine to do that. This never actually happened anywhere in the code. read_cache_page_async() had 3 different callers: - read_cache_page() which is the sync version, it would just wait for the requested read to complete using wait_on_page_read(). - JFFS2 would call it from jffs2_gc_fetch_page(), but the filler function it supplied doesn't do any async reads, and would complete before the filler function returns - making it actually a sync read. - CRAMFS would call it using the read_mapping_page_async() wrapper, with a similar story to JFFS2 - the filler function doesn't do anything that reminds async reads and would always complete before the filler function returns. To sum it up, the code in mm/filemap.c never took advantage of having read_cache_page_async(). While there are filler callbacks that do async reads (such as the block one), we always called it with the read_cache_page(). This patch adds a mandatory wait for read to complete when adding a new page to the cache, and removes read_cache_page_async() and its wrappers. Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-03-13fs: push sync_filesystem() down to the file system's remount_fs()Theodore Ts'o
Previously, the no-op "mount -o mount /dev/xxx" operation when the file system is already mounted read-write causes an implied, unconditional syncfs(). This seems pretty stupid, and it's certainly documented or guaraunteed to do this, nor is it particularly useful, except in the case where the file system was mounted rw and is getting remounted read-only. However, it's possible that there might be some file systems that are actually depending on this behavior. In most file systems, it's probably fine to only call sync_filesystem() when transitioning from read-write to read-only, and there are some file systems where this is not needed at all (for example, for a pseudo-filesystem or something like romfs). Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Evgeniy Dushistov <dushistov@mail.ru> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp> Cc: Anders Larsen <al@alarsen.net> Cc: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Mikulas Patocka <mikulas@artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz> Cc: Petr Vandrovec <petr@vandrovec.name> Cc: xfs@oss.sgi.com Cc: linux-btrfs@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-cifs@vger.kernel.org Cc: samba-technical@lists.samba.org Cc: codalist@coda.cs.cmu.edu Cc: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-f2fs-devel@lists.sourceforge.net Cc: fuse-devel@lists.sourceforge.net Cc: cluster-devel@redhat.com Cc: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org Cc: jfs-discussion@lists.sourceforge.net Cc: linux-nfs@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-nilfs@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-ntfs-dev@lists.sourceforge.net Cc: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com Cc: reiserfs-devel@vger.kernel.org
2014-01-25cramfs: take headers to fs/cramfsAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2014-01-25cramfs: get rid of ->put_super()Al Viro
failure exits are simpler that way Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-11-13cramfs: mark as obsoleteMichael Opdenacker
Who needs cramfs when you have squashfs? At least, we should warn people that cramfs is obsolete. Signed-off-by: Michael Opdenacker <michael.opdenacker@free-electrons.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-06-29[readdir] convert f2fsAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-03-03fs: Limit sys_mount to only request filesystem modules.Eric W. Biederman
Modify the request_module to prefix the file system type with "fs-" and add aliases to all of the filesystems that can be built as modules to match. A common practice is to build all of the kernel code and leave code that is not commonly needed as modules, with the result that many users are exposed to any bug anywhere in the kernel. Looking for filesystems with a fs- prefix limits the pool of possible modules that can be loaded by mount to just filesystems trivially making things safer with no real cost. Using aliases means user space can control the policy of which filesystem modules are auto-loaded by editing /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf with blacklist and alias directives. Allowing simple, safe, well understood work-arounds to known problematic software. This also addresses a rare but unfortunate problem where the filesystem name is not the same as it's module name and module auto-loading would not work. While writing this patch I saw a handful of such cases. The most significant being autofs that lives in the module autofs4. This is relevant to user namespaces because we can reach the request module in get_fs_type() without having any special permissions, and people get uncomfortable when a user specified string (in this case the filesystem type) goes all of the way to request_module. After having looked at this issue I don't think there is any particular reason to perform any filtering or permission checks beyond making it clear in the module request that we want a filesystem module. The common pattern in the kernel is to call request_module() without regards to the users permissions. In general all a filesystem module does once loaded is call register_filesystem() and go to sleep. Which means there is not much attack surface exposed by loading a filesytem module unless the filesystem is mounted. In a user namespace filesystems are not mounted unless .fs_flags = FS_USERNS_MOUNT, which most filesystems do not set today. Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reported-by: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com> Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2013-02-22new helper: file_inode(file)Al Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-09-21userns: Convert cramfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriateEric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-07-14stop passing nameidata to ->lookup()Al Viro
Just the flags; only NFS cares even about that, but there are legitimate uses for such argument. And getting rid of that completely would require splitting ->lookup() into a couple of methods (at least), so let's leave that alone for now... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-03-21Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs pile 1 from Al Viro: "This is _not_ all; in particular, Miklos' and Jan's stuff is not there yet." * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (64 commits) ext4: initialization of ext4_li_mtx needs to be done earlier debugfs-related mode_t whack-a-mole hfsplus: add an ioctl to bless files hfsplus: change finder_info to u32 hfsplus: initialise userflags qnx4: new helper - try_extent() qnx4: get rid of qnx4_bread/qnx4_getblk take removal of PF_FORKNOEXEC to flush_old_exec() trim includes in inode.c um: uml_dup_mmap() relies on ->mmap_sem being held, but activate_mm() doesn't hold it um: embed ->stub_pages[] into mmu_context gadgetfs: list_for_each_safe() misuse ocfs2: fix leaks on failure exits in module_init ecryptfs: make register_filesystem() the last potential failure exit ntfs: forgets to unregister sysctls on register_filesystem() failure logfs: missing cleanup on register_filesystem() failure jfs: mising cleanup on register_filesystem() failure make configfs_pin_fs() return root dentry on success configfs: configfs_create_dir() has parent dentry in dentry->d_parent configfs: sanitize configfs_create() ...
2012-03-20switch open-coded instances of d_make_root() to new helperAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-02-21cramfs: Fix typo in inode.cMasanari Iida
Correct spelling "endianess" to "endianness" in fs/cramfs/inode.c Signed-off-by: Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2012-01-06Merge branches 'vfsmount-guts', 'umode_t' and 'partitions' into ZAl Viro
2012-01-03fs: propagate umode_t, misc bitsAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-01-03fs: move code out of buffer.cAl Viro
Move invalidate_bdev, block_sync_page into fs/block_dev.c. Export kill_bdev as well, so brd doesn't have to open code it. Reduce buffer_head.h requirement accordingly. Removed a rather large comment from invalidate_bdev, as it looked a bit obsolete to bother moving. The small comment replacing it says enough. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>