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path: root/fs/ext4/inode.c
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2017-05-29ext4: fix fdatasync(2) after extent manipulation operationsJan Kara
Currently, extent manipulation operations such as hole punch, range zeroing, or extent shifting do not record the fact that file data has changed and thus fdatasync(2) has a work to do. As a result if we crash e.g. after a punch hole and fdatasync, user can still possibly see the punched out data after journal replay. Test generic/392 fails due to these problems. Fix the problem by properly marking that file data has changed in these operations. CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: a4bb6b64e39abc0e41ca077725f2a72c868e7622 Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-05-26ext4: fix data corruption for mmap writesJan Kara
mpage_submit_page() can race with another process growing i_size and writing data via mmap to the written-back page. As mpage_submit_page() samples i_size too early, it may happen that ext4_bio_write_page() zeroes out too large tail of the page and thus corrupts user data. Fix the problem by sampling i_size only after the page has been write-protected in page tables by clear_page_dirty_for_io() call. Reported-by: Michael Zimmer <michael@swarm64.com> CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: cb20d5188366f04d96d2e07b1240cc92170ade40 Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-05-24ext4: remove redundant check for encrypted file on dio write pathEric Biggers
Currently we don't allow direct I/O on encrypted regular files, so in such cases we return 0 early in ext4_direct_IO(). There was also an additional BUG_ON() check in ext4_direct_IO_write(), but it can never be hit because of the earlier check for the exact same condition in ext4_direct_IO(). There was also no matching check on the read path, which made the write path specific check seem very ad-hoc. Just remove the unnecessary BUG_ON(). Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Reviewed-by: David Gstir <david@sigma-star.at> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2017-05-24ext4: fix off-by-one error when writing back pages before dio readEric Biggers
The 'lend' argument of filemap_write_and_wait_range() is inclusive, so we need to subtract 1 from pos + count. Note that 'count' is guaranteed to be nonzero since ext4_file_read_iter() returns early when given a 0 count. Fixes: 16c54688592c ("ext4: Allow parallel DIO reads") Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2017-05-21ext4: keep existing extra fields when inode expandsKonstantin Khlebnikov
ext4_expand_extra_isize() should clear only space between old and new size. Fixes: 6dd4ee7cab7e # v2.6.23 Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-05-13dax, xfs, ext4: compile out iomap-dax paths in the FS_DAX=n caseDan Williams
Tetsuo reports: fs/built-in.o: In function `xfs_file_iomap_end': xfs_iomap.c:(.text+0xe0ef9): undefined reference to `put_dax' fs/built-in.o: In function `xfs_file_iomap_begin': xfs_iomap.c:(.text+0xe1a7f): undefined reference to `dax_get_by_host' make: *** [vmlinux] Error 1 $ grep DAX .config CONFIG_DAX=m # CONFIG_DEV_DAX is not set # CONFIG_FS_DAX is not set When FS_DAX=n we can/must throw away the dax code in filesystems. Implement 'fs_' versions of dax_get_by_host() and put_dax() that are nops in the FS_DAX=n case. Cc: <linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org> Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com> Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Fixes: ef51042472f5 ("block, dax: move 'select DAX' from BLOCK to FS_DAX") Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
2017-05-08Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4 Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o: - add GETFSMAP support - some performance improvements for very large file systems and for random write workloads into a preallocated file - bug fixes and cleanups. * tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: jbd2: cleanup write flags handling from jbd2_write_superblock() ext4: mark superblock writes synchronous for nobarrier mounts ext4: inherit encryption xattr before other xattrs ext4: replace BUG_ON with WARN_ONCE in ext4_end_bio() ext4: avoid unnecessary transaction stalls during writeback ext4: preload block group descriptors ext4: make ext4_shutdown() static ext4: support GETFSMAP ioctls vfs: add common GETFSMAP ioctl definitions ext4: evict inline data when writing to memory map ext4: remove ext4_xattr_check_entry() ext4: rename ext4_xattr_check_names() to ext4_xattr_check_entries() ext4: merge ext4_xattr_list() into ext4_listxattr() ext4: constify static data that is never modified ext4: trim return value and 'dir' argument from ext4_insert_dentry() jbd2: fix dbench4 performance regression for 'nobarrier' mounts jbd2: Fix lockdep splat with generic/270 test mm: retry writepages() on ENOMEM when doing an data integrity writeback
2017-05-05Merge tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.12' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm Pull libnvdimm updates from Dan Williams: "The bulk of this has been in multiple -next releases. There were a few late breaking fixes and small features that got added in the last couple days, but the whole set has received a build success notification from the kbuild robot. Change summary: - Region media error reporting: A libnvdimm region device is the parent to one or more namespaces. To date, media errors have been reported via the "badblocks" attribute attached to pmem block devices for namespaces in "raw" or "memory" mode. Given that namespaces can be in "device-dax" or "btt-sector" mode this new interface reports media errors generically, i.e. independent of namespace modes or state. This subsequently allows userspace tooling to craft "ACPI 6.1 Section 9.20.7.6 Function Index 4 - Clear Uncorrectable Error" requests and submit them via the ioctl path for NVDIMM root bus devices. - Introduce 'struct dax_device' and 'struct dax_operations': Prompted by a request from Linus and feedback from Christoph this allows for dax capable drivers to publish their own custom dax operations. This fixes the broken assumption that all dax operations are related to a persistent memory device, and makes it easier for other architectures and platforms to add customized persistent memory support. - 'libnvdimm' core updates: A new "deep_flush" sysfs attribute is available for storage appliance applications to manually trigger memory controllers to drain write-pending buffers that would otherwise be flushed automatically by the platform ADR (asynchronous-DRAM-refresh) mechanism at a power loss event. Support for "locked" DIMMs is included to prevent namespaces from surfacing when the namespace label data area is locked. Finally, fixes for various reported deadlocks and crashes, also tagged for -stable. - ACPI / nfit driver updates: General updates of the nfit driver to add DSM command overrides, ACPI 6.1 health state flags support, DSM payload debug available by default, and various fixes. Acknowledgements that came after the branch was pushed: - commmit 565851c972b5 "device-dax: fix sysfs attribute deadlock": Tested-by: Yi Zhang <yizhan@redhat.com> - commit 23f498448362 "libnvdimm: rework region badblocks clearing" Tested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>" * tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm: (52 commits) libnvdimm, pfn: fix 'npfns' vs section alignment libnvdimm: handle locked label storage areas libnvdimm: convert NDD_ flags to use bitops, introduce NDD_LOCKED brd: fix uninitialized use of brd->dax_dev block, dax: use correct format string in bdev_dax_supported device-dax: fix sysfs attribute deadlock libnvdimm: restore "libnvdimm: band aid btt vs clear poison locking" libnvdimm: fix nvdimm_bus_lock() vs device_lock() ordering libnvdimm: rework region badblocks clearing acpi, nfit: kill ACPI_NFIT_DEBUG libnvdimm: fix clear length of nvdimm_forget_poison() libnvdimm, pmem: fix a NULL pointer BUG in nd_pmem_notify libnvdimm, region: sysfs trigger for nvdimm_flush() libnvdimm: fix phys_addr for nvdimm_clear_poison x86, dax, pmem: remove indirection around memcpy_from_pmem() block: remove block_device_operations ->direct_access() block, dax: convert bdev_dax_supported() to dax_direct_access() filesystem-dax: convert to dax_direct_access() Revert "block: use DAX for partition table reads" ext2, ext4, xfs: retrieve dax_device for iomap operations ...
2017-05-03Merge branch 'generic' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs Pull quota, reiserfs, udf and ext2 updates from Jan Kara: "The branch contains changes to quota code so that it does not modify persistent flags in inode->i_flags (it was the only place in kernel doing that) and handle it inside filesystem's quotaon/off handlers instead. The branch also contains two UDF cleanups, a couple of reiserfs fixes and one fix for ext2 quota locking" * 'generic' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs: ext4: Improve comments in ext4_quota_{on|off}() udf: use kmap_atomic for memcpy copying udf: use octal for permissions quota: Remove dquot_quotactl_ops reiserfs: Remove i_attrs_to_sd_attrs() reiserfs: Remove useless setting of i_flags jfs: Remove jfs_get_inode_flags() ext2: Remove ext2_get_inode_flags() ext4: Remove ext4_get_inode_flags() quota: Stop setting IMMUTABLE and NOATIME flags on quota files jfs: Set flags on quota files directly ext2: Set flags on quota files directly reiserfs: Set flags on quota files directly ext4: Set flags on quota files directly reiserfs: Protect dquot_writeback_dquots() by s_umount semaphore reiserfs: Make cancel_old_flush() reliable ext2: Call dquot_writeback_dquots() with s_umount held reiserfs: avoid a -Wmaybe-uninitialized warning
2017-04-30ext4: avoid unnecessary transaction stalls during writebackJan Kara
Currently ext4_writepages() submits all pages with transaction started. When no page needs block allocation or extent conversion we can submit all dirty pages in the inode while holding a single transaction handle and when device is congested this can take significant amount of time. Thus ext4_writepages() can block transaction commits for extended periods of time. Take for example a simple benchmark simulating PostgreSQL database (pgioperf in mmtest). The benchmark runs 16 processes doing random reads from a huge file, one process doing random writes to the huge file, and one process doing sequential writes to a small files and frequently running fsync. With unpatched kernel transaction commits take on average ~18s with standard deviation of ~41s, top 5 commit times are: 274.466639s, 126.467347s, 86.992429s, 34.351563s, 31.517653s. After this patch transaction commits take on average 0.1s with standard deviation of 0.15s, top 5 commit times are: 0.563792s, 0.519980s, 0.509841s, 0.471700s, 0.469899s [ Modified so we use an explicit do_map flag instead of relying on io_end not being allocated, the since io_end->inode is needed for I/O error handling. -- tytso ] Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-04-30ext4: evict inline data when writing to memory mapEric Biggers
Currently the case of writing via mmap to a file with inline data is not handled. This is maybe a rare case since it requires a writable memory map of a very small file, but it is trivial to trigger with on inline_data filesystem, and it causes the 'BUG_ON(ext4_test_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA));' in ext4_writepages() to be hit: mkfs.ext4 -O inline_data /dev/vdb mount /dev/vdb /mnt xfs_io -f /mnt/file \ -c 'pwrite 0 1' \ -c 'mmap -w 0 1m' \ -c 'mwrite 0 1' \ -c 'fsync' kernel BUG at fs/ext4/inode.c:2723! invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP CPU: 1 PID: 2532 Comm: xfs_io Not tainted 4.11.0-rc1-xfstests-00301-g071d9acf3d1f #633 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-20170228_101828-anatol 04/01/2014 task: ffff88003d3a8040 task.stack: ffffc90000300000 RIP: 0010:ext4_writepages+0xc89/0xf8a RSP: 0018:ffffc90000303ca0 EFLAGS: 00010283 RAX: 0000028410000000 RBX: ffff8800383fa3b0 RCX: ffffffff812afcdc RDX: 00000a9d00000246 RSI: ffffffff81e660e0 RDI: 0000000000000246 RBP: ffffc90000303dc0 R08: 0000000000000002 R09: 869618e8f99b4fa5 R10: 00000000852287a2 R11: 00000000a03b49f4 R12: ffff88003808e698 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 7fffffffffffffff R15: 7fffffffffffffff FS: 00007fd3e53094c0(0000) GS:ffff88003e400000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007fd3e4c51000 CR3: 000000003d554000 CR4: 00000000003406e0 Call Trace: ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x27/0x2a ? kvm_clock_read+0x1e/0x20 do_writepages+0x23/0x2c ? do_writepages+0x23/0x2c __filemap_fdatawrite_range+0x80/0x87 filemap_write_and_wait_range+0x67/0x8c ext4_sync_file+0x20e/0x472 vfs_fsync_range+0x8e/0x9f ? syscall_trace_enter+0x25b/0x2d0 vfs_fsync+0x1c/0x1e do_fsync+0x31/0x4a SyS_fsync+0x10/0x14 do_syscall_64+0x69/0x131 entry_SYSCALL64_slow_path+0x25/0x25 We could try to be smart and keep the inline data in this case, or at least support delayed allocation when allocating the block, but these solutions would be more complicated and don't seem worthwhile given how rare this case seems to be. So just fix the bug by calling ext4_convert_inline_data() when we're asked to make a page writable, so that any inline data gets evicted, with the block allocated immediately. Reported-by: Nick Alcock <nick.alcock@oracle.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca> Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-04-25ext2, ext4, xfs: retrieve dax_device for iomap operationsDan Williams
In preparation for converting fs/dax.c to use dax_direct_access() instead of bdev_direct_access(), add the plumbing to retrieve the dax_device associated with a given block_device. Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
2017-04-19ext4: Remove ext4_get_inode_flags()Jan Kara
Now that all places setting inode->i_flags that should be reflected in on-disk flags are gone, we can remove ext4_get_inode_flags() call. Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2017-04-03statx: Include a mask for stx_attributes in struct statxDavid Howells
Include a mask in struct stat to indicate which bits of stx_attributes the filesystem actually supports. This would also be useful if we add another system call that allows you to do a 'bulk attribute set' and pass in a statx struct with the masks appropriately set to say what you want to set. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2017-04-03ext4: Add statx supportDavid Howells
Return enhanced file attributes from the Ext4 filesystem. This includes the following: (1) The inode creation time (i_crtime) as stx_btime, setting STATX_BTIME. (2) Certain FS_xxx_FL flags are mapped to stx_attribute flags. This requires that all ext4 inodes have a getattr call, not just some of them, so to this end, split the ext4_getattr() function and only call part of it where appropriate. Example output: [root@andromeda ~]# touch foo [root@andromeda ~]# chattr +ai foo [root@andromeda ~]# /tmp/test-statx foo statx(foo) = 0 results=fff Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 08:12 Inode: 2101950 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: 0 Gid: 0 Access: 2016-02-11 17:08:29.031795451+0000 Modify: 2016-02-11 17:08:29.031795451+0000 Change: 2016-02-11 17:11:11.987790114+0000 Birth: 2016-02-11 17:08:29.031795451+0000 Attributes: 0000000000000030 (-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --ai----) Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2017-03-26Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4 Pull ext4 fixes from Ted Ts'o: "Fix a memory leak on an error path, and two races when modifying inodes relating to the inline_data and metadata checksum features" * tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: ext4: fix two spelling nits ext4: lock the xattr block before checksuming it jbd2: don't leak memory if setting up journal fails ext4: mark inode dirty after converting inline directory
2017-03-25ext4: fix two spelling nitsTheodore Ts'o
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-03-02statx: Add a system call to make enhanced file info availableDavid Howells
Add a system call to make extended file information available, including file creation and some attribute flags where available through the underlying filesystem. The getattr inode operation is altered to take two additional arguments: a u32 request_mask and an unsigned int flags that indicate the synchronisation mode. This change is propagated to the vfs_getattr*() function. Functions like vfs_stat() are now inline wrappers around new functions vfs_statx() and vfs_statx_fd() to reduce stack usage. ======== OVERVIEW ======== The idea was initially proposed as a set of xattrs that could be retrieved with getxattr(), but the general preference proved to be for a new syscall with an extended stat structure. A number of requests were gathered for features to be included. The following have been included: (1) Make the fields a consistent size on all arches and make them large. (2) Spare space, request flags and information flags are provided for future expansion. (3) Better support for the y2038 problem [Arnd Bergmann] (tv_sec is an __s64). (4) Creation time: The SMB protocol carries the creation time, which could be exported by Samba, which will in turn help CIFS make use of FS-Cache as that can be used for coherency data (stx_btime). This is also specified in NFSv4 as a recommended attribute and could be exported by NFSD [Steve French]. (5) Lightweight stat: Ask for just those details of interest, and allow a netfs (such as NFS) to approximate anything not of interest, possibly without going to the server [Trond Myklebust, Ulrich Drepper, Andreas Dilger] (AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC). (6) Heavyweight stat: Force a netfs to go to the server, even if it thinks its cached attributes are up to date [Trond Myklebust] (AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC). And the following have been left out for future extension: (7) Data version number: Could be used by userspace NFS servers [Aneesh Kumar]. Can also be used to modify fill_post_wcc() in NFSD which retrieves i_version directly, but has just called vfs_getattr(). It could get it from the kstat struct if it used vfs_xgetattr() instead. (There's disagreement on the exact semantics of a single field, since not all filesystems do this the same way). (8) BSD stat compatibility: Including more fields from the BSD stat such as creation time (st_btime) and inode generation number (st_gen) [Jeremy Allison, Bernd Schubert]. (9) Inode generation number: Useful for FUSE and userspace NFS servers [Bernd Schubert]. (This was asked for but later deemed unnecessary with the open-by-handle capability available and caused disagreement as to whether it's a security hole or not). (10) Extra coherency data may be useful in making backups [Andreas Dilger]. (No particular data were offered, but things like last backup timestamp, the data version number and the DOS archive bit would come into this category). (11) Allow the filesystem to indicate what it can/cannot provide: A filesystem can now say it doesn't support a standard stat feature if that isn't available, so if, for instance, inode numbers or UIDs don't exist or are fabricated locally... (This requires a separate system call - I have an fsinfo() call idea for this). (12) Store a 16-byte volume ID in the superblock that can be returned in struct xstat [Steve French]. (Deferred to fsinfo). (13) Include granularity fields in the time data to indicate the granularity of each of the times (NFSv4 time_delta) [Steve French]. (Deferred to fsinfo). (14) FS_IOC_GETFLAGS value. These could be translated to BSD's st_flags. Note that the Linux IOC flags are a mess and filesystems such as Ext4 define flags that aren't in linux/fs.h, so translation in the kernel may be a necessity (or, possibly, we provide the filesystem type too). (Some attributes are made available in stx_attributes, but the general feeling was that the IOC flags were to ext[234]-specific and shouldn't be exposed through statx this way). (15) Mask of features available on file (eg: ACLs, seclabel) [Brad Boyer, Michael Kerrisk]. (Deferred, probably to fsinfo. Finding out if there's an ACL or seclabal might require extra filesystem operations). (16) Femtosecond-resolution timestamps [Dave Chinner]. (A __reserved field has been left in the statx_timestamp struct for this - if there proves to be a need). (17) A set multiple attributes syscall to go with this. =============== NEW SYSTEM CALL =============== The new system call is: int ret = statx(int dfd, const char *filename, unsigned int flags, unsigned int mask, struct statx *buffer); The dfd, filename and flags parameters indicate the file to query, in a similar way to fstatat(). There is no equivalent of lstat() as that can be emulated with statx() by passing AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW in flags. There is also no equivalent of fstat() as that can be emulated by passing a NULL filename to statx() with the fd of interest in dfd. Whether or not statx() synchronises the attributes with the backing store can be controlled by OR'ing a value into the flags argument (this typically only affects network filesystems): (1) AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT tells statx() to behave as stat() does in this respect. (2) AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC will require a network filesystem to synchronise its attributes with the server - which might require data writeback to occur to get the timestamps correct. (3) AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC will suppress synchronisation with the server in a network filesystem. The resulting values should be considered approximate. mask is a bitmask indicating the fields in struct statx that are of interest to the caller. The user should set this to STATX_BASIC_STATS to get the basic set returned by stat(). It should be noted that asking for more information may entail extra I/O operations. buffer points to the destination for the data. This must be 256 bytes in size. ====================== MAIN ATTRIBUTES RECORD ====================== The following structures are defined in which to return the main attribute set: struct statx_timestamp { __s64 tv_sec; __s32 tv_nsec; __s32 __reserved; }; struct statx { __u32 stx_mask; __u32 stx_blksize; __u64 stx_attributes; __u32 stx_nlink; __u32 stx_uid; __u32 stx_gid; __u16 stx_mode; __u16 __spare0[1]; __u64 stx_ino; __u64 stx_size; __u64 stx_blocks; __u64 __spare1[1]; struct statx_timestamp stx_atime; struct statx_timestamp stx_btime; struct statx_timestamp stx_ctime; struct statx_timestamp stx_mtime; __u32 stx_rdev_major; __u32 stx_rdev_minor; __u32 stx_dev_major; __u32 stx_dev_minor; __u64 __spare2[14]; }; The defined bits in request_mask and stx_mask are: STATX_TYPE Want/got stx_mode & S_IFMT STATX_MODE Want/got stx_mode & ~S_IFMT STATX_NLINK Want/got stx_nlink STATX_UID Want/got stx_uid STATX_GID Want/got stx_gid STATX_ATIME Want/got stx_atime{,_ns} STATX_MTIME Want/got stx_mtime{,_ns} STATX_CTIME Want/got stx_ctime{,_ns} STATX_INO Want/got stx_ino STATX_SIZE Want/got stx_size STATX_BLOCKS Want/got stx_blocks STATX_BASIC_STATS [The stuff in the normal stat struct] STATX_BTIME Want/got stx_btime{,_ns} STATX_ALL [All currently available stuff] stx_btime is the file creation time, stx_mask is a bitmask indicating the data provided and __spares*[] are where as-yet undefined fields can be placed. Time fields are structures with separate seconds and nanoseconds fields plus a reserved field in case we want to add even finer resolution. Note that times will be negative if before 1970; in such a case, the nanosecond fields will also be negative if not zero. The bits defined in the stx_attributes field convey information about a file, how it is accessed, where it is and what it does. The following attributes map to FS_*_FL flags and are the same numerical value: STATX_ATTR_COMPRESSED File is compressed by the fs STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE File is marked immutable STATX_ATTR_APPEND File is append-only STATX_ATTR_NODUMP File is not to be dumped STATX_ATTR_ENCRYPTED File requires key to decrypt in fs Within the kernel, the supported flags are listed by: KSTAT_ATTR_FS_IOC_FLAGS [Are any other IOC flags of sufficient general interest to be exposed through this interface?] New flags include: STATX_ATTR_AUTOMOUNT Object is an automount trigger These are for the use of GUI tools that might want to mark files specially, depending on what they are. Fields in struct statx come in a number of classes: (0) stx_dev_*, stx_blksize. These are local system information and are always available. (1) stx_mode, stx_nlinks, stx_uid, stx_gid, stx_[amc]time, stx_ino, stx_size, stx_blocks. These will be returned whether the caller asks for them or not. The corresponding bits in stx_mask will be set to indicate whether they actually have valid values. If the caller didn't ask for them, then they may be approximated. For example, NFS won't waste any time updating them from the server, unless as a byproduct of updating something requested. If the values don't actually exist for the underlying object (such as UID or GID on a DOS file), then the bit won't be set in the stx_mask, even if the caller asked for the value. In such a case, the returned value will be a fabrication. Note that there are instances where the type might not be valid, for instance Windows reparse points. (2) stx_rdev_*. This will be set only if stx_mode indicates we're looking at a blockdev or a chardev, otherwise will be 0. (3) stx_btime. Similar to (1), except this will be set to 0 if it doesn't exist. ======= TESTING ======= The following test program can be used to test the statx system call: samples/statx/test-statx.c Just compile and run, passing it paths to the files you want to examine. The file is built automatically if CONFIG_SAMPLES is enabled. Here's some example output. Firstly, an NFS directory that crosses to another FSID. Note that the AUTOMOUNT attribute is set because transiting this directory will cause d_automount to be invoked by the VFS. [root@andromeda ~]# /tmp/test-statx -A /warthog/data statx(/warthog/data) = 0 results=7ff Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 1048576 directory Device: 00:26 Inode: 1703937 Links: 125 Access: (3777/drwxrwxrwx) Uid: 0 Gid: 4041 Access: 2016-11-24 09:02:12.219699527+0000 Modify: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000 Change: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000 Attributes: 0000000000001000 (-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---m---- --------) Secondly, the result of automounting on that directory. [root@andromeda ~]# /tmp/test-statx /warthog/data statx(/warthog/data) = 0 results=7ff Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 1048576 directory Device: 00:27 Inode: 2 Links: 125 Access: (3777/drwxrwxrwx) Uid: 0 Gid: 4041 Access: 2016-11-24 09:02:12.219699527+0000 Modify: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000 Change: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000 Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2017-02-27fs: add i_blocksize()Fabian Frederick
Replace all 1 << inode->i_blkbits and (1 << inode->i_blkbits) in fs branch. This patch also fixes multiple checkpatch warnings: WARNING: Prefer 'unsigned int' to bare use of 'unsigned' Thanks to Andrew Morton for suggesting more appropriate function instead of macro. [geliangtang@gmail.com: truncate: use i_blocksize()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/9c8b2cd83c8f5653805d43debde9fa8817e02fc4.1484895804.git.geliangtang@gmail.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1481319905-10126-1-git-send-email-fabf@skynet.be Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Signed-off-by: Geliang Tang <geliangtang@gmail.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-24mm, fs: reduce fault, page_mkwrite, and pfn_mkwrite to take only vmfDave Jiang
->fault(), ->page_mkwrite(), and ->pfn_mkwrite() calls do not need to take a vma and vmf parameter when the vma already resides in vmf. Remove the vma parameter to simplify things. [arnd@arndb.de: fix ARM build] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170125223558.1451224-1-arnd@arndb.de Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148521301778.19116.10840599906674778980.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com Signed-off-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-02-22Merge tag 'xfs-4.11-merge-7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linuxLinus Torvalds
Pull xfs updates from Darrick Wong: "Here are the XFS changes for 4.11. We aren't introducing any major features in this release cycle except for this being the first merge window I've managed on my own. :) Changes since last update: - Various cleanups - Livelock fixes for eofblocks scanning - Improved input verification for on-disk metadata - Fix races in the copy on write remap mechanism - Fix buffer io error timeout controls - Streamlining of directio copy on write - Asynchronous discard support - Fix asserts when splitting delalloc reservations - Don't bloat bmbt when right shifting extents - Inode alignment fixes for 32k block sizes" * tag 'xfs-4.11-merge-7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: (39 commits) xfs: remove XFS_ALLOCTYPE_ANY_AG and XFS_ALLOCTYPE_START_AG xfs: simplify xfs_rtallocate_extent xfs: tune down agno asserts in the bmap code xfs: Use xfs_icluster_size_fsb() to calculate inode chunk alignment xfs: don't reserve blocks for right shift transactions xfs: fix len comparison in xfs_extent_busy_trim xfs: fix uninitialized variable in _reflink_convert_cow xfs: split indlen reservations fairly when under reserved xfs: handle indlen shortage on delalloc extent merge xfs: resurrect debug mode drop buffered writes mechanism xfs: clear delalloc and cache on buffered write failure xfs: don't block the log commit handler for discards xfs: improve busy extent sorting xfs: improve handling of busy extents in the low-level allocator xfs: don't fail xfs_extent_busy allocation xfs: correct null checks and error processing in xfs_initialize_perag xfs: update ctime and mtime on clone destinatation inodes xfs: allocate direct I/O COW blocks in iomap_begin xfs: go straight to real allocations for direct I/O COW writes xfs: return the converted extent in __xfs_reflink_convert_cow ...
2017-02-14ext4: don't BUG when truncating encrypted inodes on the orphan listTheodore Ts'o
Fix a BUG when the kernel tries to mount a file system constructed as follows: echo foo > foo.txt mke2fs -Fq -t ext4 -O encrypt foo.img 100 debugfs -w foo.img << EOF write foo.txt a set_inode_field a i_flags 0x80800 set_super_value s_last_orphan 12 quit EOF root@kvm-xfstests:~# mount -o loop foo.img /mnt [ 160.238770] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 160.240106] kernel BUG at /usr/projects/linux/ext4/fs/ext4/inode.c:3874! [ 160.240106] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP [ 160.240106] Modules linked in: [ 160.240106] CPU: 0 PID: 2547 Comm: mount Tainted: G W 4.10.0-rc3-00034-gcdd33b941b67 #227 [ 160.240106] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.1-1 04/01/2014 [ 160.240106] task: f4518000 task.stack: f47b6000 [ 160.240106] EIP: ext4_block_zero_page_range+0x1a7/0x2b4 [ 160.240106] EFLAGS: 00010246 CPU: 0 [ 160.240106] EAX: 00000001 EBX: f7be4b50 ECX: f47b7dc0 EDX: 00000007 [ 160.240106] ESI: f43b05a8 EDI: f43babec EBP: f47b7dd0 ESP: f47b7dac [ 160.240106] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0033 SS: 0068 [ 160.240106] CR0: 80050033 CR2: bfd85b08 CR3: 34a00680 CR4: 000006f0 [ 160.240106] Call Trace: [ 160.240106] ext4_truncate+0x1e9/0x3e5 [ 160.240106] ext4_fill_super+0x286f/0x2b1e [ 160.240106] ? set_blocksize+0x2e/0x7e [ 160.240106] mount_bdev+0x114/0x15f [ 160.240106] ext4_mount+0x15/0x17 [ 160.240106] ? ext4_calculate_overhead+0x39d/0x39d [ 160.240106] mount_fs+0x58/0x115 [ 160.240106] vfs_kern_mount+0x4b/0xae [ 160.240106] do_mount+0x671/0x8c3 [ 160.240106] ? _copy_from_user+0x70/0x83 [ 160.240106] ? strndup_user+0x31/0x46 [ 160.240106] SyS_mount+0x57/0x7b [ 160.240106] do_int80_syscall_32+0x4f/0x61 [ 160.240106] entry_INT80_32+0x2f/0x2f [ 160.240106] EIP: 0xb76b919e [ 160.240106] EFLAGS: 00000246 CPU: 0 [ 160.240106] EAX: ffffffda EBX: 08053838 ECX: 08052188 EDX: 080537e8 [ 160.240106] ESI: c0ed0000 EDI: 00000000 EBP: 080537e8 ESP: bfa13660 [ 160.240106] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 0000 GS: 0033 SS: 007b [ 160.240106] Code: 59 8b 00 a8 01 0f 84 09 01 00 00 8b 07 66 25 00 f0 66 3d 00 80 75 61 89 f8 e8 3e e2 ff ff 84 c0 74 56 83 bf 48 02 00 00 00 75 02 <0f> 0b 81 7d e8 00 10 00 00 74 02 0f 0b 8b 43 04 8b 53 08 31 c9 [ 160.240106] EIP: ext4_block_zero_page_range+0x1a7/0x2b4 SS:ESP: 0068:f47b7dac [ 160.317241] ---[ end trace d6a773a375c810a5 ]--- The problem is that when the kernel tries to truncate an inode in ext4_truncate(), it tries to clear any on-disk data beyond i_size. Without the encryption key, it can't do that, and so it triggers a BUG. E2fsck does *not* provide this service, and in practice most file systems have their orphan list processed by e2fsck, so to avoid crashing, this patch skips this step if we don't have access to the encryption key (which is the case when processing the orphan list; in all other cases, we will have the encryption key, or the kernel wouldn't have allowed the file to be opened). An open question is whether the fact that e2fsck isn't clearing the bytes beyond i_size causing problems --- and if we've lived with it not doing it for so long, can we drop this from the kernel replay of the orphan list in all cases (not just when we don't have the key for encrypted inodes). Addresses-Google-Bug: #35209576 Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-02-05ext4: add shutdown bit and check for itTheodore Ts'o
Add a shutdown bit that will cause ext4 processing to fail immediately with EIO. Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-02-04ext4: fix inline data error pathsTheodore Ts'o
The write_end() function must always unlock the page and drop its ref count, even on an error. Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
2017-01-30iomap: constify struct iomap_opsChristoph Hellwig
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
2017-01-27ext4: fix data corruption in data=journal modeJan Kara
ext4_journalled_write_end() did not propely handle all the cases when generic_perform_write() did not copy all the data into the target page and could mark buffers with uninitialized contents as uptodate and dirty leading to possible data corruption (which would be quickly fixed by generic_perform_write() retrying the write but still). Fix the problem by carefully handling the case when the page that is written to is not uptodate. CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-01-22ext4: propagate error values from ext4_inline_data_truncate()Theodore Ts'o
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-01-11ext4: avoid calling ext4_mark_inode_dirty() under unneeded semaphoresTheodore Ts'o
There is no need to call ext4_mark_inode_dirty while holding xattr_sem or i_data_sem, so where it's easy to avoid it, move it out from the critical region. Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-12-14Merge branch 'for-4.10/fs-unmap' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-blockLinus Torvalds
Pull fs meta data unmap optimization from Jens Axboe: "A series from Jan Kara, providing a more efficient way for unmapping meta data from in the buffer cache than doing it block-by-block. Provide a general helper that existing callers can use" * 'for-4.10/fs-unmap' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: fs: Remove unmap_underlying_metadata fs: Add helper to clean bdev aliases under a bh and use it ext2: Use clean_bdev_aliases() instead of iteration ext4: Use clean_bdev_aliases() instead of iteration direct-io: Use clean_bdev_aliases() instead of handmade iteration fs: Provide function to unmap metadata for a range of blocks
2016-12-12Merge branch 'fscrypt' into devTheodore Ts'o
2016-12-11fscrypt: Cleanup page locking requirements for fscrypt_{decrypt,encrypt}_page()David Gstir
Rename the FS_CFLG_INPLACE_ENCRYPTION flag to FS_CFLG_OWN_PAGES which, when set, indicates that the fs uses pages under its own control as opposed to writeback pages which require locking and a bounce buffer for encryption. Signed-off-by: David Gstir <david@sigma-star.at> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-12-10ext4: reject inodes with negative sizeDarrick J. Wong
Don't load an inode with a negative size; this causes integer overflow problems in the VFS. [ Added EXT4_ERROR_INODE() to mark file system as corrupted. -TYT] Fixes: a48380f769df (ext4: rename i_dir_acl to i_size_high) Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: stable@kernel.org
2016-12-02ext4: fix reading new encrypted symlinks on no-journal file systemsTheodore Ts'o
On a filesystem with no journal, a symlink longer than about 32 characters (exact length depending on padding for encryption) could not be followed or read immediately after being created in an encrypted directory. This happened because when the symlink data went through the delayed allocation path instead of the journaling path, the symlink was incorrectly detected as a "fast" symlink rather than a "slow" symlink until its data was written out. To fix this, disable delayed allocation for symlinks, since there is no benefit for delayed allocation anyway. Reported-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-12-01ext4: don't read out of bounds when checking for in-inode xattrsEric Biggers
With i_extra_isize equal to or close to the available space, it was possible for us to read past the end of the inode when trying to detect or validate in-inode xattrs. Fix this by checking for the needed extra space first. This patch shouldn't have any noticeable effect on non-corrupted/non-malicious filesystems. Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
2016-12-01ext4: forbid i_extra_isize not divisible by 4Eric Biggers
i_extra_isize not divisible by 4 is problematic for several reasons: - It causes the in-inode xattr space to be misaligned, but the xattr header and entries are not declared __packed to express this possibility. This may cause poor performance or incorrect code generation on some platforms. - When validating the xattr entries we can read past the end of the inode if the size available for xattrs is not a multiple of 4. - It allows the nonsensical i_extra_isize=1, which doesn't even leave enough room for i_extra_isize itself. Therefore, update ext4_iget() to consider i_extra_isize not divisible by 4 to be an error, like the case where i_extra_isize is too large. This also matches the rule recently added to e2fsck for determining whether an inode has valid i_extra_isize. This patch shouldn't have any noticeable effect on non-corrupted/non-malicious filesystems, since the size of ext4_inode has always been a multiple of 4. Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
2016-12-01ext4: fix inode checksum calculation problem if i_extra_size is smallDaeho Jeong
We've fixed the race condition problem in calculating ext4 checksum value in commit b47820edd163 ("ext4: avoid modifying checksum fields directly during checksum veficationon"). However, by this change, when calculating the checksum value of inode whose i_extra_size is less than 4, we couldn't calculate the checksum value in a proper way. This problem was found and reported by Nix, Thank you. Reported-by: Nix <nix@esperi.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daeho.jeong@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Youngjin Gil <youngjin.gil@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-12-01ext4: warn when page is dirtied without buffersJan Kara
Warn when a page is dirtied without buffers (as that will likely lead to a crash in ext4_writepages()) or when it gets newly dirtied without the page being locked (as there is nothing that prevents buffers to get stripped just before calling set_page_dirty() under memory pressure). Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-11-20ext4: rip out DAX handling from direct IO pathJan Kara
Reads and writes for DAX inodes should no longer end up in direct IO code. Rip out the support and add a warning. Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-11-20ext4: convert DAX faults to iomap infrastructureJan Kara
Convert DAX faults to use iomap infrastructure. We would not have to start transaction in ext4_dax_fault() anymore since ext4_iomap_begin takes care of that but so far we do that to avoid lock inversion of transaction start with DAX entry lock which gets acquired in dax_iomap_fault() before calling ->iomap_begin handler. Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-11-20ext4: avoid split extents for DAX writesJan Kara
Currently mapping of blocks for DAX writes happen with EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_PRE_IO flag set. That has a result that each ext4_map_blocks() call creates a separate written extent, although it could be merged to the neighboring extents in the extent tree. The reason for using this flag is that in case the extent is unwritten, we need to convert it to written one and zero it out. However this "convert mapped range to written" operation is already implemented by ext4_map_blocks() for the case of data writes into unwritten extent. So just use flags for that mode of operation, simplify the code, and avoid unnecessary split extents. Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-11-20ext4: DAX iomap write supportJan Kara
Implement DAX writes using the new iomap infrastructure instead of overloading the direct IO path. Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-11-20ext4: use iomap for zeroing blocks in DAX modeJan Kara
Use iomap infrastructure for zeroing blocks when in DAX mode. ext4_iomap_begin() handles read requests just fine and that's all that is needed for iomap_zero_range(). Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-11-20ext4: convert DAX reads to iomap infrastructureJan Kara
Implement basic iomap_begin function that handles reading and use it for DAX reads. Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-11-20ext4: only set S_DAX if DAX is really supportedJan Kara
Currently we have S_DAX set inode->i_flags for a regular file whenever ext4 is mounted with dax mount option. However in some cases we cannot really do DAX - e.g. when inode is marked to use data journalling, when inode data is being encrypted, or when inode is stored inline. Make sure S_DAX flag is appropriately set/cleared in these cases. Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-11-14ext4: allow inode expansion for nojournal file systemsEric Whitney
Runs of xfstest ext4/022 on nojournal file systems result in failures because the inodes of some of its test files do not expand as expected. The cause is a conditional in ext4_mark_inode_dirty() that prevents inode expansion unless the test file system has a journal. Remove this unnecessary restriction. Signed-off-by: Eric Whitney <enwlinux@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2016-11-14ext4: use current_time() for inode timestampsDeepa Dinamani
CURRENT_TIME_SEC and CURRENT_TIME are not y2038 safe. current_time() will be transitioned to be y2038 safe along with vfs. current_time() returns timestamps according to the granularities set in the super_block. The granularity check in ext4_current_time() to call current_time() or CURRENT_TIME_SEC is not required. Use current_time() directly to obtain timestamps unconditionally, and remove ext4_current_time(). Quota files are assumed to be on the same filesystem. Hence, use current_time() for these files as well. Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
2016-11-13ext4: allow ext4_ext_truncate() to return an errorTheodore Ts'o
Return errors to the caller instead of declaring the file system corrupted. Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2016-11-13ext4: allow ext4_truncate() to return an errorTheodore Ts'o
This allows us to properly propagate errors back up to ext4_truncate()'s callers. This also means we no longer have to silently ignore some errors (e.g., when trying to add the inode to the orphan inode list). Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2016-11-13Merge branch 'fscrypt' into originTheodore Ts'o
2016-11-13fscrypt: Let fs select encryption index/tweakDavid Gstir
Avoid re-use of page index as tweak for AES-XTS when multiple parts of same page are encrypted. This will happen on multiple (partial) calls of fscrypt_encrypt_page on same page. page->index is only valid for writeback pages. Signed-off-by: David Gstir <david@sigma-star.at> Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
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