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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-06mm: rename global_page_state to global_zone_page_stateMichal Hocko
global_page_state is error prone as a recent bug report pointed out [1]. It only returns proper values for zone based counters as the enum it gets suggests. We already have global_node_page_state so let's rename global_page_state to global_zone_page_state to be more explicit here. All existing users seems to be correct: $ git grep "global_page_state(NR_" | sed 's@.*(\(NR_[A-Z_]*\)).*@\1@' | sort | uniq -c 2 NR_BOUNCE 2 NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES 11 NR_FREE_PAGES 1 NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB 1 NR_MLOCK 2 NR_PAGETABLE This patch shouldn't introduce any functional change. [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201707260628.v6Q6SmaS030814@www262.sakura.ne.jp Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170801134256.5400-2-hannes@cmpxchg.org Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-08-10mm: fix global NR_SLAB_.*CLAIMABLE counter readsJohannes Weiner
As Tetsuo points out: "Commit 385386cff4c6 ("mm: vmstat: move slab statistics from zone to node counters") broke "Slab:" field of /proc/meminfo . It shows nearly 0kB" In addition to /proc/meminfo, this problem also affects the slab counters OOM/allocation failure info dumps, can cause early -ENOMEM from overcommit protection, and miscalculate image size requirements during suspend-to-disk. This is because the patch in question switched the slab counters from the zone level to the node level, but forgot to update the global accessor functions to read the aggregate node data instead of the aggregate zone data. Use global_node_page_state() to access the global slab counters. Fixes: 385386cff4c6 ("mm: vmstat: move slab statistics from zone to node counters") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170801134256.5400-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Stefan Agner <stefan@agner.ch> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-10-07meminfo: break apart a very long seq_printf with #ifdefsJoe Perches
Use a specific routine to emit most lines so that the code is easier to read and maintain. akpm: text data bss dec hex filename 2976 8 0 2984 ba8 fs/proc/meminfo.o before 2669 8 0 2677 a75 fs/proc/meminfo.o after Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/8fce7fdef2ba081a4ef531594e97da8a9feebb58.1470810406.git.joe@perches.com Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-08-11proc, meminfo: use correct helpers for calculating LRU sizes in meminfoMel Gorman
meminfo_proc_show() and si_mem_available() are using the wrong helpers for calculating the size of the LRUs. The user-visible impact is that there appears to be an abnormally high number of unevictable pages. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160805105805.GR2799@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-28mm: track NR_KERNEL_STACK in KiB instead of number of stacksAndy Lutomirski
Currently, NR_KERNEL_STACK tracks the number of kernel stacks in a zone. This only makes sense if each kernel stack exists entirely in one zone, and allowing vmapped stacks could break this assumption. Since frv has THREAD_SIZE < PAGE_SIZE, we need to track kernel stack allocations in a unit that divides both THREAD_SIZE and PAGE_SIZE on all architectures. Keep it simple and use KiB. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/083c71e642c5fa5f1b6898902e1b2db7b48940d4.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-28mm: move most file-based accounting to the nodeMel Gorman
There are now a number of accounting oddities such as mapped file pages being accounted for on the node while the total number of file pages are accounted on the zone. This can be coped with to some extent but it's confusing so this patch moves the relevant file-based accounted. Due to throttling logic in the page allocator for reliable OOM detection, it is still necessary to track dirty and writeback pages on a per-zone basis. [mgorman@techsingularity.net: fix NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING accounting] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468404004-5085-5-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-20-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-28mm: rename NR_ANON_PAGES to NR_ANON_MAPPEDMel Gorman
NR_FILE_PAGES is the number of file pages. NR_FILE_MAPPED is the number of mapped file pages. NR_ANON_PAGES is the number of mapped anon pages. This is unhelpful naming as it's easy to confuse NR_FILE_MAPPED and NR_ANON_PAGES for mapped pages. This patch renames NR_ANON_PAGES so we have NR_FILE_PAGES is the number of file pages. NR_FILE_MAPPED is the number of mapped file pages. NR_ANON_MAPPED is the number of mapped anon pages. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-19-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-28mm: move page mapped accounting to the nodeMel Gorman
Reclaim makes decisions based on the number of pages that are mapped but it's mixing node and zone information. Account NR_FILE_MAPPED and NR_ANON_PAGES pages on the node. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-18-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-26mm, rmap: account shmem thp pagesKirill A. Shutemov
Let's add ShmemHugePages and ShmemPmdMapped fields into meminfo and smaps. It indicates how many times we allocate and map shmem THP. NR_ANON_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGES is renamed to NR_ANON_THPS. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466021202-61880-27-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17mm/page_alloc.c: calculate 'available' memory in a separate functionIgor Redko
Add a new field, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_AVAIL, to virtio_balloon memory statistics protocol, corresponding to 'Available' in /proc/meminfo. It indicates to the hypervisor how big the balloon can be inflated without pushing the guest system to swap. This metric would be very useful in VM orchestration software to improve memory management of different VMs under overcommit. This patch (of 2): Factor out calculation of the available memory counter into a separate exportable function, in order to be able to use it in other parts of the kernel. In particular, it appears a relevant metric to report to the hypervisor via virtio-balloon statistics interface (in a followup patch). Signed-off-by: Igor Redko <redkoi@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Reviewed-by: Roman Kagan <rkagan@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-01-14proc: meminfo: estimate available memory more conservativelyJohannes Weiner
The MemAvailable item in /proc/meminfo is to give users a hint of how much memory is allocatable without causing swapping, so it excludes the zones' low watermarks as unavailable to userspace. However, for a userspace allocation, kswapd will actually reclaim until the free pages hit a combination of the high watermark and the page allocator's lowmem protection that keeps a certain amount of DMA and DMA32 memory from userspace as well. Subtract the full amount we know to be unavailable to userspace from the number of free pages when calculating MemAvailable. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-01mm: get rid of 'vmalloc_info' from /proc/meminfoLinus Torvalds
It turns out that at least some versions of glibc end up reading /proc/meminfo at every single startup, because glibc wants to know the amount of memory the machine has. And while that's arguably insane, it's just how things are. And it turns out that it's not all that expensive most of the time, but the vmalloc information statistics (amount of virtual memory used in the vmalloc space, and the biggest remaining chunk) can be rather expensive to compute. The 'get_vmalloc_info()' function actually showed up on my profiles as 4% of the CPU usage of "make test" in the git source repository, because the git tests are lots of very short-lived shell-scripts etc. It turns out that apparently this same silly vmalloc info gathering shows up on the facebook servers too, according to Dave Jones. So it's not just "make test" for git. We had two patches to just cache the information (one by me, one by Ingo) to mitigate this issue, but the whole vmalloc information of of rather dubious value to begin with, and people who *actually* want to know what the situation is wrt the vmalloc area should just look at the much more complete /proc/vmallocinfo instead. In fact, according to my testing - and perhaps more importantly, according to that big search engine in the sky: Google - there is nothing out there that actually cares about those two expensive fields: VmallocUsed and VmallocChunk. So let's try to just remove them entirely. Actually, this just removes the computation and reports the numbers as zero for now, just to try to be minimally intrusive. If this breaks anything, we'll obviously have to re-introduce the code to compute this all and add the caching patches on top. But if given the option, I'd really prefer to just remove this bad idea entirely rather than add even more code to work around our historical mistake that likely nobody really cares about. Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-18fs/proc/meminfo.c: include cma info in proc/meminfoPintu Kumar
This patch include CMA info (CMATotal, CMAFree) in /proc/meminfo. Currently, in a CMA enabled system, if somebody wants to know the total CMA size declared, there is no way to tell, other than the dmesg or /var/log/messages logs. With this patch we are showing the CMA info as part of meminfo, so that it can be determined at any point of time. This will be populated only when CMA is enabled. Below is the sample output from a ARM based device with RAM:512MB and CMA:16MB. MemTotal: 471172 kB MemFree: 111712 kB MemAvailable: 271172 kB . . . CmaTotal: 16384 kB CmaFree: 6144 kB This patch also fix below checkpatch errors that were found during these changes. ERROR: space required after that ',' (ctx:ExV) 199: FILE: fs/proc/meminfo.c:199: + ,atomic_long_read(&num_poisoned_pages) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10) ^ ERROR: space required after that ',' (ctx:ExV) 202: FILE: fs/proc/meminfo.c:202: + ,K(global_page_state(NR_ANON_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGES) * ^ ERROR: space required after that ',' (ctx:ExV) 206: FILE: fs/proc/meminfo.c:206: + ,K(totalcma_pages) ^ total: 3 errors, 0 warnings, 2 checks, 236 lines checked Signed-off-by: Pintu Kumar <pintu.k@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Vishnu Pratap Singh <vishnu.ps@samsung.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06mm: export NR_SHMEM via sysinfo(2) / si_meminfo() interfacesRafael Aquini
Historically, we exported shared pages to userspace via sysinfo(2) sharedram and /proc/meminfo's "MemShared" fields. With the advent of tmpfs, from kernel v2.4 onward, that old way for accounting shared mem was deemed inaccurate and we started to export a hard-coded 0 for sysinfo.sharedram. Later on, during the 2.6 timeframe, "MemShared" got re-introduced to /proc/meminfo re-branded as "Shmem", but we're still reporting sysinfo.sharedmem as that old hard-coded zero, which makes the "shared memory" report inconsistent across interfaces. This patch leverages the addition of explicit accounting for pages used by shmem/tmpfs -- "4b02108 mm: oom analysis: add shmem vmstat" -- in order to make the users of sysinfo(2) and si_meminfo*() friends aware of that vmstat entry and make them report it consistently across the interfaces, as well to make sysinfo(2) returned data consistent with our current API documentation states. Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-04-07fs/proc/meminfo: meminfo_proc_show(): fix typo in commentLuiz Capitulino
It should read "reclaimable slab" and not "reclaimable swap". Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-23fs/proc: don't use module_init for non-modular core codePaul Gortmaker
PROC_FS is a bool, so this code is either present or absent. It will never be modular, so using module_init as an alias for __initcall is rather misleading. Fix this up now, so that we can relocate module_init from init.h into module.h in the future. If we don't do this, we'd have to add module.h to obviously non-modular code, and that would be ugly at best. Note that direct use of __initcall is discouraged, vs. one of the priority categorized subgroups. As __initcall gets mapped onto device_initcall, our use of fs_initcall (which makes sense for fs code) will thus change these registrations from level 6-device to level 5-fs (i.e. slightly earlier). However no observable impact of that small difference has been observed during testing, or is expected. Also note that this change uncovers a missing semicolon bug in the registration of vmcore_init as an initcall. Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-21/proc/meminfo: provide estimated available memoryRik van Riel
Many load balancing and workload placing programs check /proc/meminfo to estimate how much free memory is available. They generally do this by adding up "free" and "cached", which was fine ten years ago, but is pretty much guaranteed to be wrong today. It is wrong because Cached includes memory that is not freeable as page cache, for example shared memory segments, tmpfs, and ramfs, and it does not include reclaimable slab memory, which can take up a large fraction of system memory on mostly idle systems with lots of files. Currently, the amount of memory that is available for a new workload, without pushing the system into swap, can be estimated from MemFree, Active(file), Inactive(file), and SReclaimable, as well as the "low" watermarks from /proc/zoneinfo. However, this may change in the future, and user space really should not be expected to know kernel internals to come up with an estimate for the amount of free memory. It is more convenient to provide such an estimate in /proc/meminfo. If things change in the future, we only have to change it in one place. Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reported-by: Erik Mouw <erik.mouw_2@nxp.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-15mm, hugetlb: convert hugetlbfs to use split pmd lockKirill A. Shutemov
Hugetlb supports multiple page sizes. We use split lock only for PMD level, but not for PUD. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com> Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-13mm: factor commit limit calculationJerome Marchand
The same calculation is currently done in three differents places. Factor that code so future changes has to be made at only one place. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: uninline vm_commit_limit()] Signed-off-by: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-12thp: account anon transparent huge pages into NR_ANON_PAGESKirill A. Shutemov
We use NR_ANON_PAGES as base for reporting AnonPages to user. There's not much sense in not accounting transparent huge pages there, but add them on printing to user. Let's account transparent huge pages in NR_ANON_PAGES in the first place. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com> Cc: Ning Qu <quning@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-04-29mm, vmalloc: move get_vmalloc_info() to vmalloc.cJoonsoo Kim
Now get_vmalloc_info() is in fs/proc/mmu.c. There is no reason that this code must be here and it's implementation needs vmlist_lock and it iterate a vmlist which may be internal data structure for vmalloc. It is preferable that vmlist_lock and vmlist is only used in vmalloc.c for maintainability. So move the code to vmalloc.c Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Atsushi Kumagai <kumagai-atsushi@mxc.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Dave Anderson <anderson@redhat.com> Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-23swap: make each swap partition have one address_spaceShaohua Li
When I use several fast SSD to do swap, swapper_space.tree_lock is heavily contended. This makes each swap partition have one address_space to reduce the lock contention. There is an array of address_space for swap. The swap entry type is the index to the array. In my test with 3 SSD, this increases the swapout throughput 20%. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: revert unneeded change to __add_to_swap_cache] Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-23memory-failure: use num_poisoned_pages instead of mce_bad_pagesXishi Qiu
Since MCE is an x86 concept, and this code is in mm/, it would be better to use the name num_poisoned_pages instead of mce_bad_pages. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/sparse.c] Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-12-09fs/proc/meminfo.c: fix compilation errorClaudio Scordino
Fix the error message "directives may not be used inside a macro argument" which appears when the kernel is compiled for the cris architecture. Signed-off-by: Claudio Scordino <claudio@evidence.eu.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-07-26atomic: use <linux/atomic.h>Arun Sharma
This allows us to move duplicated code in <asm/atomic.h> (atomic_inc_not_zero() for now) to <linux/atomic.h> Signed-off-by: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-01-13thp: transparent hugepage vmstatAndrea Arcangeli
Add hugepage stat information to /proc/vmstat and /proc/meminfo. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-10-29hwpoison: fix/proc/meminfo alignmentHugh Dickins
Given such a long name, the kB count in /proc/meminfo's HardwareCorrupted line is being shown too far right (it does align with x86_64's VmallocChunk above, but I hope nobody will ever have that much corrupted!). Align it. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-24Merge branch 'hwpoison' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ak/linux-mce-2.6 * 'hwpoison' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ak/linux-mce-2.6: (21 commits) HWPOISON: Enable error_remove_page on btrfs HWPOISON: Add simple debugfs interface to inject hwpoison on arbitary PFNs HWPOISON: Add madvise() based injector for hardware poisoned pages v4 HWPOISON: Enable error_remove_page for NFS HWPOISON: Enable .remove_error_page for migration aware file systems HWPOISON: The high level memory error handler in the VM v7 HWPOISON: Add PR_MCE_KILL prctl to control early kill behaviour per process HWPOISON: shmem: call set_page_dirty() with locked page HWPOISON: Define a new error_remove_page address space op for async truncation HWPOISON: Add invalidate_inode_page HWPOISON: Refactor truncate to allow direct truncating of page v2 HWPOISON: check and isolate corrupted free pages v2 HWPOISON: Handle hardware poisoned pages in try_to_unmap HWPOISON: Use bitmask/action code for try_to_unmap behaviour HWPOISON: x86: Add VM_FAULT_HWPOISON handling to x86 page fault handler v2 HWPOISON: Add poison check to page fault handling HWPOISON: Add basic support for poisoned pages in fault handler v3 HWPOISON: Add new SIGBUS error codes for hardware poison signals HWPOISON: Add support for poison swap entries v2 HWPOISON: Export some rmap vma locking to outside world ...
2009-09-22mm: oom analysis: add shmem vmstatKOSAKI Motohiro
Recently we encountered OOM problems due to memory use of the GEM cache. Generally a large amuont of Shmem/Tmpfs pages tend to create a memory shortage problem. We often use the following calculation to determine the amount of shmem pages: shmem = NR_ACTIVE_ANON + NR_INACTIVE_ANON - NR_ANON_PAGES however the expression does not consider isolated and mlocked pages. This patch adds explicit accounting for pages used by shmem and tmpfs. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22mm: oom analysis: Show kernel stack usage in /proc/meminfo and OOM log outputKOSAKI Motohiro
The amount of memory allocated to kernel stacks can become significant and cause OOM conditions. However, we do not display the amount of memory consumed by stacks. Add code to display the amount of memory used for stacks in /proc/meminfo. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-16HWPOISON: The high level memory error handler in the VM v7Andi Kleen
Add the high level memory handler that poisons pages that got corrupted by hardware (typically by a two bit flip in a DIMM or a cache) on the Linux level. The goal is to prevent everyone from accessing these pages in the future. This done at the VM level by marking a page hwpoisoned and doing the appropriate action based on the type of page it is. The code that does this is portable and lives in mm/memory-failure.c To quote the overview comment: High level machine check handler. Handles pages reported by the hardware as being corrupted usually due to a 2bit ECC memory or cache failure. This focuses on pages detected as corrupted in the background. When the current CPU tries to consume corruption the currently running process can just be killed directly instead. This implies that if the error cannot be handled for some reason it's safe to just ignore it because no corruption has been consumed yet. Instead when that happens another machine check will happen. Handles page cache pages in various states. The tricky part here is that we can access any page asynchronous to other VM users, because memory failures could happen anytime and anywhere, possibly violating some of their assumptions. This is why this code has to be extremely careful. Generally it tries to use normal locking rules, as in get the standard locks, even if that means the error handling takes potentially a long time. Some of the operations here are somewhat inefficient and have non linear algorithmic complexity, because the data structures have not been optimized for this case. This is in particular the case for the mapping from a vma to a process. Since this case is expected to be rare we hope we can get away with this. There are in principle two strategies to kill processes on poison: - just unmap the data and wait for an actual reference before killing - kill as soon as corruption is detected. Both have advantages and disadvantages and should be used in different situations. Right now both are implemented and can be switched with a new sysctl vm.memory_failure_early_kill The default is early kill. The patch does some rmap data structure walking on its own to collect processes to kill. This is unusual because normally all rmap data structure knowledge is in rmap.c only. I put it here for now to keep everything together and rmap knowledge has been seeping out anyways Includes contributions from Johannes Weiner, Chris Mason, Fengguang Wu, Nick Piggin (who did a lot of great work) and others. Cc: npiggin@suse.de Cc: riel@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Hidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>
2009-06-16mm: remove CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU config optionKOSAKI Motohiro
Currently, nobody wants to turn UNEVICTABLE_LRU off. Thus this configurability is unnecessary. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-05-02mm: fix Committed_AS underflow on large NR_CPUS environmentKOSAKI Motohiro
The Committed_AS field can underflow in certain situations: > # while true; do cat /proc/meminfo | grep _AS; sleep 1; done | uniq -c > 1 Committed_AS: 18446744073709323392 kB > 11 Committed_AS: 18446744073709455488 kB > 6 Committed_AS: 35136 kB > 5 Committed_AS: 18446744073709454400 kB > 7 Committed_AS: 35904 kB > 3 Committed_AS: 18446744073709453248 kB > 2 Committed_AS: 34752 kB > 9 Committed_AS: 18446744073709453248 kB > 8 Committed_AS: 34752 kB > 3 Committed_AS: 18446744073709320960 kB > 7 Committed_AS: 18446744073709454080 kB > 3 Committed_AS: 18446744073709320960 kB > 5 Committed_AS: 18446744073709454080 kB > 6 Committed_AS: 18446744073709320960 kB Because NR_CPUS can be greater than 1000 and meminfo_proc_show() does not check for underflow. But NR_CPUS proportional isn't good calculation. In general, possibility of lock contention is proportional to the number of online cpus, not theorical maximum cpus (NR_CPUS). The current kernel has generic percpu-counter stuff. using it is right way. it makes code simplify and percpu_counter_read_positive() don't make underflow issue. Reported-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Eric B Munson <ebmunson@us.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [All kernel versions] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-04-02nommu: fix a number of issues with the per-MM VMA patchDavid Howells
Fix a number of issues with the per-MM VMA patch: (1) Make mmap_pages_allocated an atomic_long_t, just in case this is used on a NOMMU system with more than 2G pages. Makes no difference on a 32-bit system. (2) Report vma->vm_pgoff * PAGE_SIZE as a 64-bit value, not a 32-bit value, lest it overflow. (3) Move the allocation of the vm_area_struct slab back for fork.c. (4) Use KMEM_CACHE() for both vm_area_struct and vm_region slabs. (5) Use BUG_ON() rather than if () BUG(). (6) Make the default validate_nommu_regions() a static inline rather than a #define. (7) Make free_page_series()'s objection to pages with a refcount != 1 more informative. (8) Adjust the __put_nommu_region() banner comment to indicate that the semaphore must be held for writing. (9) Limit the number of warnings about munmaps of non-mmapped regions. Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-08NOMMU: Make VMAs per MM as for MMU-mode linuxDavid Howells
Make VMAs per mm_struct as for MMU-mode linux. This solves two problems: (1) In SYSV SHM where nattch for a segment does not reflect the number of shmat's (and forks) done. (2) In mmap() where the VMA's vm_mm is set to point to the parent mm by an exec'ing process when VM_EXECUTABLE is specified, regardless of the fact that a VMA might be shared and already have its vm_mm assigned to another process or a dead process. A new struct (vm_region) is introduced to track a mapped region and to remember the circumstances under which it may be shared and the vm_list_struct structure is discarded as it's no longer required. This patch makes the following additional changes: (1) Regions are now allocated with alloc_pages() rather than kmalloc() and with no recourse to __GFP_COMP, so the pages are not composite. Instead, each page has a reference on it held by the region. Anything else that is interested in such a page will have to get a reference on it to retain it. When the pages are released due to unmapping, each page is passed to put_page() and will be freed when the page usage count reaches zero. (2) Excess pages are trimmed after an allocation as the allocation must be made as a power-of-2 quantity of pages. (3) VMAs are added to the parent MM's R/B tree and mmap lists. As an MM may end up with overlapping VMAs within the tree, the VMA struct address is appended to the sort key. (4) Non-anonymous VMAs are now added to the backing inode's prio list. (5) Holes may be punched in anonymous VMAs with munmap(), releasing parts of the backing region. The VMA and region structs will be split if necessary. (6) sys_shmdt() only releases one attachment to a SYSV IPC shared memory segment instead of all the attachments at that addresss. Multiple shmat()'s return the same address under NOMMU-mode instead of different virtual addresses as under MMU-mode. (7) Core dumping for ELF-FDPIC requires fewer exceptions for NOMMU-mode. (8) /proc/maps is now the global list of mapped regions, and may list bits that aren't actually mapped anywhere. (9) /proc/meminfo gains a line (tagged "MmapCopy") that indicates the amount of RAM currently allocated by mmap to hold mappable regions that can't be mapped directly. These are copies of the backing device or file if not anonymous. These changes make NOMMU mode more similar to MMU mode. The downside is that NOMMU mode requires some extra memory to track things over NOMMU without this patch (VMAs are no longer shared, and there are now region structs). Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Tested-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
2008-10-23proc: switch /proc/meminfo to seq_fileAlexey Dobriyan
and move it to fs/proc/meminfo.c while I'm at it. Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>