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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2015-10-22pstore: add pstore unregisterGeliang Tang
pstore doesn't support unregistering yet. It was marked as TODO. This patch adds some code to fix it: 1) Add functions to unregister kmsg/console/ftrace/pmsg. 2) Add a function to free compression buffer. 3) Unmap the memory and free it. 4) Add a function to unregister pstore filesystem. Signed-off-by: Geliang Tang <geliangtang@163.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> [Removed __exit annotation from ramoops_remove(). Reported by Arnd Bergmann] Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2015-01-16pstore: Add pmsg - user-space accessible pstore objectMark Salyzyn
A secured user-space accessible pstore object. Writes to /dev/pmsg0 are appended to the buffer, on reboot the persistent contents are available in /sys/fs/pstore/pmsg-ramoops-[ID]. One possible use is syslogd, or other daemon, can write messages, then on reboot provides a means to triage user-space activities leading up to a panic as a companion to the pstore dmesg or console logs. Signed-off-by: Mark Salyzyn <salyzyn@android.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2012-07-17pstore: Add persistent function tracingAnton Vorontsov
With this support kernel can save function call chain log into a persistent ram buffer that can be decoded and dumped after reboot through pstore filesystem. It can be used to determine what function was last called before a reset or panic. We store the log in a binary format and then decode it at read time. p.s. Mostly the code comes from trace_persistent.c driver found in the Android git tree, written by Colin Cross <ccross@android.com> (according to sign-off history). I reworked the driver a little bit, and ported it to pstore. Signed-off-by: Anton Vorontsov <anton.vorontsov@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2012-05-17staging: android: persistent_ram: Move to fs/pstore/ram_core.cAnton Vorontsov
This is a first step for adding ECC support for pstore RAM backend: we will use the persistent_ram routines, kindly provided by Google. Basically, persistent_ram is a set of helper routines to deal with the [optionally] ECC-protected persistent ram regions. A bit of Makefile, Kconfig and header files adjustments were needed because of the move. Signed-off-by: Anton Vorontsov <anton.vorontsov@linaro.org> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2012-05-16ramoops: Move to fs/pstore/ram.cAnton Vorontsov
Since ramoops was converted to pstore, it has nothing to do with character devices nowadays. Instead, today it is just a RAM backend for pstore. The patch just moves things around. There are a few changes were needed because of the move: 1. Kconfig and Makefiles fixups, of course. 2. In pstore/ram.c we have to play a bit with MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX, this is needed to keep user experience the same as with ramoops driver (i.e. so that ramoops.foo kernel command line arguments would still work). Signed-off-by: Anton Vorontsov <anton.vorontsov@linaro.org> Acked-by: Marco Stornelli <marco.stornelli@gmail.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2010-12-28pstore: new filesystem interface to platform persistent storageTony Luck
Some platforms have a small amount of non-volatile storage that can be used to store information useful to diagnose the cause of a system crash. This is the generic part of a file system interface that presents information from the crash as a series of files in /dev/pstore. Once the information has been seen, the underlying storage is freed by deleting the files. Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>