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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-08squashfs: Add zstd supportSean Purcell
Add zstd compression and decompression support to SquashFS. zstd is a great fit for SquashFS because it can compress at ratios approaching xz, while decompressing twice as fast as zlib. For SquashFS in particular, it can decompress as fast as lzo and lz4. It also has the flexibility to turn down the compression ratio for faster compression times. The compression benchmark is run on the file tree from the SquashFS archive found in ubuntu-16.10-desktop-amd64.iso [1]. It uses `mksquashfs` with the default block size (128 KB) and and various compression algorithms/levels. xz and zstd are also benchmarked with 256 KB blocks. The decompression benchmark times how long it takes to `tar` the file tree into `/dev/null`. See the benchmark file in the upstream zstd source repository located under `contrib/linux-kernel/squashfs-benchmark.sh` [2] for details. I ran the benchmarks on a Ubuntu 14.04 VM with 2 cores and 4 GiB of RAM. The VM is running on a MacBook Pro with a 3.1 GHz Intel Core i7 processor, 16 GB of RAM, and a SSD. | Method | Ratio | Compression MB/s | Decompression MB/s | |----------------|-------|------------------|--------------------| | gzip | 2.92 | 15 | 128 | | lzo | 2.64 | 9.5 | 217 | | lz4 | 2.12 | 94 | 218 | | xz | 3.43 | 5.5 | 35 | | xz 256 KB | 3.53 | 5.4 | 40 | | zstd 1 | 2.71 | 96 | 210 | | zstd 5 | 2.93 | 69 | 198 | | zstd 10 | 3.01 | 41 | 225 | | zstd 15 | 3.13 | 11.4 | 224 | | zstd 16 256 KB | 3.24 | 8.1 | 210 | This patch was written by Sean Purcell <me@seanp.xyz>, but I will be taking over the submission process. [1] http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.10/ [2] https://github.com/facebook/zstd/blob/dev/contrib/linux-kernel/squashfs-benchmark.sh zstd source repository: https://github.com/facebook/zstd Signed-off-by: Sean Purcell <me@seanp.xyz> Signed-off-by: Nick Terrell <terrelln@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com> Acked-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk>
2014-11-27Squashfs: Add LZ4 compression configuration optionPhillip Lougher
Add the glue code, and also update the documentation. Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk>
2013-11-20Squashfs: Directly decompress into the page cache for file dataPhillip Lougher
This introduces an implementation of squashfs_readpage_block() that directly decompresses into the page cache. This uses the previously added page handler abstraction to push down the necessary kmap_atomic/kunmap_atomic operations on the page cache buffers into the decompressors. This enables direct copying into the page cache without using the slow kmap/kunmap calls. The code detects when multiple threads are racing in squashfs_readpage() to decompress the same block, and avoids this regression by falling back to using an intermediate buffer. This patch enhances the performance of Squashfs significantly when multiple processes are accessing the filesystem simultaneously because it not only reduces memcopying, but it more importantly eliminates the lock contention on the intermediate buffer. Using single-thread decompression. dd if=file1 of=/dev/null bs=4096 & dd if=file2 of=/dev/null bs=4096 & dd if=file3 of=/dev/null bs=4096 & dd if=file4 of=/dev/null bs=4096 Before: 629145600 bytes (629 MB) copied, 45.8046 s, 13.7 MB/s After: 629145600 bytes (629 MB) copied, 9.29414 s, 67.7 MB/s Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
2013-11-20Squashfs: Restructure squashfs_readpage()Phillip Lougher
Restructure squashfs_readpage() splitting it into separate functions for datablocks, fragments and sparse blocks. Move the memcpying (from squashfs cache entry) implementation of squashfs_readpage_block into file_cache.c This allows different implementations to be supported. Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
2013-11-20Squashfs: add multi-threaded decompression using percpu variablePhillip Lougher
Add a multi-threaded decompression implementation which uses percpu variables. Using percpu variables has advantages and disadvantages over implementations which do not use percpu variables. Advantages: * the nature of percpu variables ensures decompression is load-balanced across the multiple cores. * simplicity. Disadvantages: it limits decompression to one thread per core. Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk>
2013-11-20squashfs: Enhance parallel I/OMinchan Kim
Now squashfs have used for only one stream buffer for decompression so it hurts parallel read performance so this patch supports multiple decompressor to enhance performance parallel I/O. Four 1G file dd read on KVM machine which has 2 CPU and 4G memory. dd if=test/test1.dat of=/dev/null & dd if=test/test2.dat of=/dev/null & dd if=test/test3.dat of=/dev/null & dd if=test/test4.dat of=/dev/null & old : 1m39s -> new : 9s * From v1 * Change comp_strm with decomp_strm - Phillip * Change/add comments - Phillip Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk>
2013-11-20Squashfs: Refactor decompressor interface and codePhillip Lougher
The decompressor interface and code was written from the point of view of single-threaded operation. In doing so it mixed a lot of single-threaded implementation specific aspects into the decompressor code and elsewhere which makes it difficult to seamlessly support multiple different decompressor implementations. This patch does the following: 1. It removes compressor_options parsing from the decompressor init() function. This allows the decompressor init() function to be dynamically called to instantiate multiple decompressors, without the compressor options needing to be read and parsed each time. 2. It moves threading and all sleeping operations out of the decompressors. In doing so, it makes the decompressors non-blocking wrappers which only deal with interfacing with the decompressor implementation. 3. It splits decompressor.[ch] into decompressor generic functions in decompressor.[ch], and moves the single threaded decompressor implementation into decompressor_single.c. The result of this patch is Squashfs should now be able to support multiple decompressors by adding new decompressor_xxx.c files with specialised implementations of the functions in decompressor_single.c Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
2011-07-22Squashfs: Make ZLIB compression support optionalPhillip Lougher
Squashfs now supports XZ and LZO compression in addition to ZLIB. As such it no longer makes sense to always include ZLIB support. In particular embedded systems may only use LZO or XZ compression, and the ability to exclude ZLIB support will reduce kernel size. Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk>
2011-01-13Squashfs: Add XZ compression configuration optionPhillip Lougher
Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
2010-08-05Squashfs: Add LZO compression supportChan Jeong
Signed-off-by: Chan Jeong <chan.jeong@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
2010-05-31Squashfs: Make XATTR config name consistent with other file systemsPhillip Lougher
Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
2010-05-17squashfs: add xattr support configure optionPhillip Lougher
Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
2010-05-17squashfs: add support for xattr readingPhillip Lougher
Add support for listxattr and getxattr. Also add xattr definitions. Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
2010-05-17squashfs: add xattr id supportPhillip Lougher
This patch adds support for mapping xattr ids (stored in inodes) into the on-disk location of the xattrs themselves. Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
2010-01-20Squashfs: add a decompressor frameworkPhillip Lougher
This adds a decompressor framework which allows multiple compression algorithms to be cleanly supported. Also update zlib wrapper and other code to use the new framework. Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
2010-01-20Squashfs: move zlib decompression wrapper code into a separate filePhillip Lougher
Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
2009-05-13Squashfs: cody tidying, remove commented out line in MakefilePhillip Lougher
Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
2009-01-05Squashfs: MakefilesPhillip Lougher
Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>