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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2012-10-13UAPI: (Scripted) Disintegrate include/linuxDavid Howells
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
2010-07-28inotify: force inotify and fsnotify use same bitsEric Paris
inotify uses bits called IN_* and fsnotify uses bits called FS_*. These need to line up. This patch adds build time checks to make sure noone can change these bits so they are not the same. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28inotify: allow users to request not to recieve events on unlinked childrenEric Paris
An inotify watch on a directory will send events for children even if those children have been unlinked. This patch add a new inotify flag IN_EXCL_UNLINK which allows a watch to specificy they don't care about unlinked children. This should fix performance problems seen by tasks which add a watch to /tmp and then are overrun with events when other processes are reading and writing to unlinked files they created in /tmp. https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16296 Requested-by: Matthias Clasen <mclasen@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28sysctl extern cleanup: inotifyDave Young
Extern declarations in sysctl.c should be move to their own head file, and then include them in relavant .c files. Move inotify_table extern declaration to linux/inotify.h Signed-off-by: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28inotify: remove inotify in kernel interfaceEric Paris
nothing uses inotify in the kernel, drop it! Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2008-11-15Fix inotify watch removal/umount racesAl Viro
Inotify watch removals suck violently. To kick the watch out we need (in this order) inode->inotify_mutex and ih->mutex. That's fine if we have a hold on inode; however, for all other cases we need to make damn sure we don't race with umount. We can *NOT* just grab a reference to a watch - inotify_unmount_inodes() will happily sail past it and we'll end with reference to inode potentially outliving its superblock. Ideally we just want to grab an active reference to superblock if we can; that will make sure we won't go into inotify_umount_inodes() until we are done. Cleanup is just deactivate_super(). However, that leaves a messy case - what if we *are* racing with umount() and active references to superblock can't be acquired anymore? We can bump ->s_count, grab ->s_umount, which will almost certainly wait until the superblock is shut down and the watch in question is pining for fjords. That's fine, but there is a problem - we might have hit the window between ->s_active getting to 0 / ->s_count - below S_BIAS (i.e. the moment when superblock is past the point of no return and is heading for shutdown) and the moment when deactivate_super() acquires ->s_umount. We could just do drop_super() yield() and retry, but that's rather antisocial and this stuff is luser-triggerable. OTOH, having grabbed ->s_umount and having found that we'd got there first (i.e. that ->s_root is non-NULL) we know that we won't race with inotify_umount_inodes(). So we could grab a reference to watch and do the rest as above, just with drop_super() instead of deactivate_super(), right? Wrong. We had to drop ih->mutex before we could grab ->s_umount. So the watch could've been gone already. That still can be dealt with - we need to save watch->wd, do idr_find() and compare its result with our pointer. If they match, we either have the damn thing still alive or we'd lost not one but two races at once, the watch had been killed and a new one got created with the same ->wd at the same address. That couldn't have happened in inotify_destroy(), but inotify_rm_wd() could run into that. Still, "new one got created" is not a problem - we have every right to kill it or leave it alone, whatever's more convenient. So we can use idr_find(...) == watch && watch->inode->i_sb == sb as "grab it and kill it" check. If it's been our original watch, we are fine, if it's a newcomer - nevermind, just pretend that we'd won the race and kill the fscker anyway; we are safe since we know that its superblock won't be going away. And yes, this is far beyond mere "not very pretty"; so's the entire concept of inotify to start with. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-24flag parameters: NONBLOCK in inotify_initUlrich Drepper
This patch adds non-blocking support for inotify_init1. The additional changes needed are minimal. The following test must be adjusted for architectures other than x86 and x86-64 and in case the syscall numbers changed. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/syscall.h> #ifndef __NR_inotify_init1 # ifdef __x86_64__ # define __NR_inotify_init1 294 # elif defined __i386__ # define __NR_inotify_init1 332 # else # error "need __NR_inotify_init1" # endif #endif #define IN_NONBLOCK O_NONBLOCK int main (void) { int fd = syscall (__NR_inotify_init1, 0); if (fd == -1) { puts ("inotify_init1(0) failed"); return 1; } int fl = fcntl (fd, F_GETFL); if (fl == -1) { puts ("fcntl failed"); return 1; } if (fl & O_NONBLOCK) { puts ("inotify_init1(0) set non-blocking mode"); return 1; } close (fd); fd = syscall (__NR_inotify_init1, IN_NONBLOCK); if (fd == -1) { puts ("inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK) failed"); return 1; } fl = fcntl (fd, F_GETFL); if (fl == -1) { puts ("fcntl failed"); return 1; } if ((fl & O_NONBLOCK) == 0) { puts ("inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK) set non-blocking mode"); return 1; } close (fd); puts ("OK"); return 0; } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Signed-off-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> Acked-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@googlemail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-24flag parameters: inotify_initUlrich Drepper
This patch introduces the new syscall inotify_init1 (note: the 1 stands for the one parameter the syscall takes, as opposed to no parameter before). The values accepted for this parameter are function-specific and defined in the inotify.h header. Here the values must match the O_* flags, though. In this patch CLOEXEC support is introduced. The following test must be adjusted for architectures other than x86 and x86-64 and in case the syscall numbers changed. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/syscall.h> #ifndef __NR_inotify_init1 # ifdef __x86_64__ # define __NR_inotify_init1 294 # elif defined __i386__ # define __NR_inotify_init1 332 # else # error "need __NR_inotify_init1" # endif #endif #define IN_CLOEXEC O_CLOEXEC int main (void) { int fd; fd = syscall (__NR_inotify_init1, 0); if (fd == -1) { puts ("inotify_init1(0) failed"); return 1; } int coe = fcntl (fd, F_GETFD); if (coe == -1) { puts ("fcntl failed"); return 1; } if (coe & FD_CLOEXEC) { puts ("inotify_init1(0) set close-on-exit"); return 1; } close (fd); fd = syscall (__NR_inotify_init1, IN_CLOEXEC); if (fd == -1) { puts ("inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC) failed"); return 1; } coe = fcntl (fd, F_GETFD); if (coe == -1) { puts ("fcntl failed"); return 1; } if ((coe & FD_CLOEXEC) == 0) { puts ("inotify_init1(O_CLOEXEC) does not set close-on-exit"); return 1; } close (fd); puts ("OK"); return 0; } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add sys_ni stub] Signed-off-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> Acked-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@googlemail.com> Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-21[PATCH] new helper - inotify_evict_watch()Al Viro
Kicks the watch out without dropping it. Called under ->inotify_mutex Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2007-10-21[PATCH] new helper - inotify_clone_watch()Al Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2006-06-20[PATCH] inotify (4/5): allow watch removal from event handlerAmy Griffis
Allow callers to remove watches from their event handler via inotify_remove_watch_locked(). This functionality can be used to achieve IN_ONESHOT-like functionality for a subset of events in the mask. Signed-off-by: Amy Griffis <amy.griffis@hp.com> Acked-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com> Acked-by: John McCutchan <john@johnmccutchan.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2006-06-20[PATCH] inotify (3/5): add interfaces to kernel APIAmy Griffis
Add inotify_init_watch() so caller can use inotify_watch refcounts before calling inotify_add_watch(). Add inotify_find_watch() to find an existing watch for an (ih,inode) pair. This is similar to inotify_find_update_watch(), but does not update the watch's mask if one is found. Add inotify_rm_watch() to remove a watch via the watch pointer instead of the watch descriptor. Signed-off-by: Amy Griffis <amy.griffis@hp.com> Acked-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com> Acked-by: John McCutchan <john@johnmccutchan.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2006-06-20[PATCH] inotify (2/5): add name's inode to event handlerAmy Griffis
When an inotify event includes a dentry name, also include the inode associated with that name. Signed-off-by: Amy Griffis <amy.griffis@hp.com> Acked-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com> Acked-by: John McCutchan <john@johnmccutchan.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2006-06-20[PATCH] inotify (1/5): split kernel API from userspace supportAmy Griffis
The following series of patches introduces a kernel API for inotify, making it possible for kernel modules to benefit from inotify's mechanism for watching inodes. With these patches, inotify will maintain for each caller a list of watches (via an embedded struct inotify_watch), where each inotify_watch is associated with a corresponding struct inode. The caller registers an event handler and specifies for which filesystem events their event handler should be called per inotify_watch. Signed-off-by: Amy Griffis <amy.griffis@hp.com> Acked-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com> Acked-by: John McCutchan <john@johnmccutchan.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2006-06-20[PATCH] remove config.h from inotify.hAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2006-03-25[PATCH] inotify: lock avoidance with parent watch status in dentryNick Piggin
Previous inotify work avoidance is good when inotify is completely unused, but it breaks down if even a single watch is in place anywhere in the system. Robin Holt notices that udev is one such culprit - it slows down a 512-thread application on a 512 CPU system from 6 seconds to 22 minutes. Solve this by adding a flag in the dentry that tells inotify whether or not its parent inode has a watch on it. Event queueing to parent will skip taking locks if this flag is cleared. Setting and clearing of this flag on all child dentries versus event delivery: this is no in terms of race cases, and that was shown to be equivalent to always performing the check. The essential behaviour is that activity occuring _after_ a watch has been added and _before_ it has been removed, will generate events. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Robert Love <rml@novell.com> Cc: John McCutchan <ttb@tentacle.dhs.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-12-12[PATCH] inotify: add two inotify_add_watch flagsJohn McCutchan
The below patch lets userspace have more control over the inodes that inotify will watch. It introduces two new flags. IN_ONLYDIR -- only watch the inode if it is a directory. This is needed to avoid the race that can occur when we want to be sure that we are watching a directory. IN_DONT_FOLLOW -- don't follow a symlink. In combination with IN_ONLYDIR we can make sure that we don't watch the target of symlinks. The issues the flags fix came up when writing the gnome-vfs inotify backend. Default behaviour is unchanged. Signed-off-by: John McCutchan <ttb@tentacle.dhs.org> Acked-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-07[PATCH] inotify: fix event loss on hardlinked filesJohn McCutchan
People have run into a problem when they do this: watch (file1, all_events); watch (file2, some_events); if file2 is a hard link to file1, some events will be missed because by default we replace the mask. The patch below adds a flag IN_MASK_ADD which will cause inotify to add to the existing mask if present. Signed-off-by: John McCutchan <ttb@tentacle.dhs.org> Signed-off-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-08-15[PATCH] inotify: add MOVE_SELF eventJohn McCutchan
This adds a MOVE_SELF event to inotify. It is sent whenever the inode you are watching is moved. We need this event so that we can catch something like this: - app1: watch /etc/mtab - app2: cp /etc/mtab /tmp/mtab-work mv /etc/mtab /etc/mtab~ mv /tmp/mtab-work /etc/mtab app1 still thinks it's watching /etc/mtab but it's actually watching /etc/mtab~. Signed-off-by: John McCutchan <ttb@tentacle.dhs.org> Signed-off-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-07-12[PATCH] inotifyRobert Love
inotify is intended to correct the deficiencies of dnotify, particularly its inability to scale and its terrible user interface: * dnotify requires the opening of one fd per each directory that you intend to watch. This quickly results in too many open files and pins removable media, preventing unmount. * dnotify is directory-based. You only learn about changes to directories. Sure, a change to a file in a directory affects the directory, but you are then forced to keep a cache of stat structures. * dnotify's interface to user-space is awful. Signals? inotify provides a more usable, simple, powerful solution to file change notification: * inotify's interface is a system call that returns a fd, not SIGIO. You get a single fd, which is select()-able. * inotify has an event that says "the filesystem that the item you were watching is on was unmounted." * inotify can watch directories or files. Inotify is currently used by Beagle (a desktop search infrastructure), Gamin (a FAM replacement), and other projects. See Documentation/filesystems/inotify.txt. Signed-off-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com> Cc: John McCutchan <ttb@tentacle.dhs.org> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>