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2020-01-10rcu: Add a hlist_nulls_unhashed_lockless() functionPaul E. McKenney
This commit adds an hlist_nulls_unhashed_lockless() to allow lockless checking for whether or note an hlist_nulls_node is hashed or not. While in the area, this commit also adds a docbook comment to the existing hlist_nulls_unhashed() function. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2020-01-10rcu: Use WRITE_ONCE() for assignments to ->pprev for hlist_nullsPaul E. McKenney
Eric Dumazet supplied a KCSAN report of a bug that forces use of hlist_unhashed_lockless() from sk_unhashed(): ------------------------------------------------------------------------ BUG: KCSAN: data-race in inet_unhash / inet_unhash write to 0xffff8880a69a0170 of 8 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __hlist_nulls_del include/linux/list_nulls.h:88 [inline] hlist_nulls_del_init_rcu include/linux/rculist_nulls.h:36 [inline] __sk_nulls_del_node_init_rcu include/net/sock.h:676 [inline] inet_unhash+0x38f/0x4a0 net/ipv4/inet_hashtables.c:612 tcp_set_state+0xfa/0x3e0 net/ipv4/tcp.c:2249 tcp_done+0x93/0x1e0 net/ipv4/tcp.c:3854 tcp_write_err+0x7e/0xc0 net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c:56 tcp_retransmit_timer+0x9b8/0x16d0 net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c:479 tcp_write_timer_handler+0x42d/0x510 net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c:599 tcp_write_timer+0xd1/0xf0 net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c:619 call_timer_fn+0x5f/0x2f0 kernel/time/timer.c:1404 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1449 [inline] __run_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1773 [inline] __run_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1740 [inline] run_timer_softirq+0xc0c/0xcd0 kernel/time/timer.c:1786 __do_softirq+0x115/0x33f kernel/softirq.c:292 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:373 [inline] irq_exit+0xbb/0xe0 kernel/softirq.c:413 exiting_irq arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h:536 [inline] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0xe6/0x280 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1137 apic_timer_interrupt+0xf/0x20 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:830 native_safe_halt+0xe/0x10 arch/x86/kernel/paravirt.c:71 arch_cpu_idle+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:571 default_idle_call+0x1e/0x40 kernel/sched/idle.c:94 cpuidle_idle_call kernel/sched/idle.c:154 [inline] do_idle+0x1af/0x280 kernel/sched/idle.c:263 cpu_startup_entry+0x1b/0x20 kernel/sched/idle.c:355 start_secondary+0x208/0x260 arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c:264 secondary_startup_64+0xa4/0xb0 arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S:241 read to 0xffff8880a69a0170 of 8 bytes by interrupt on cpu 0: sk_unhashed include/net/sock.h:607 [inline] inet_unhash+0x3d/0x4a0 net/ipv4/inet_hashtables.c:592 tcp_set_state+0xfa/0x3e0 net/ipv4/tcp.c:2249 tcp_done+0x93/0x1e0 net/ipv4/tcp.c:3854 tcp_write_err+0x7e/0xc0 net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c:56 tcp_retransmit_timer+0x9b8/0x16d0 net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c:479 tcp_write_timer_handler+0x42d/0x510 net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c:599 tcp_write_timer+0xd1/0xf0 net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c:619 call_timer_fn+0x5f/0x2f0 kernel/time/timer.c:1404 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1449 [inline] __run_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1773 [inline] __run_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1740 [inline] run_timer_softirq+0xc0c/0xcd0 kernel/time/timer.c:1786 __do_softirq+0x115/0x33f kernel/softirq.c:292 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:373 [inline] irq_exit+0xbb/0xe0 kernel/softirq.c:413 exiting_irq arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h:536 [inline] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0xe6/0x280 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1137 apic_timer_interrupt+0xf/0x20 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:830 native_safe_halt+0xe/0x10 arch/x86/kernel/paravirt.c:71 arch_cpu_idle+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:571 default_idle_call+0x1e/0x40 kernel/sched/idle.c:94 cpuidle_idle_call kernel/sched/idle.c:154 [inline] do_idle+0x1af/0x280 kernel/sched/idle.c:263 cpu_startup_entry+0x1b/0x20 kernel/sched/idle.c:355 rest_init+0xec/0xf6 init/main.c:452 arch_call_rest_init+0x17/0x37 start_kernel+0x838/0x85e init/main.c:786 x86_64_start_reservations+0x29/0x2b arch/x86/kernel/head64.c:490 x86_64_start_kernel+0x72/0x76 arch/x86/kernel/head64.c:471 secondary_startup_64+0xa4/0xb0 arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S:241 Reported by Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer on: CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.4.0-rc6+ #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This commit therefore replaces C-language assignments with WRITE_ONCE() in include/linux/list_nulls.h and include/linux/rculist_nulls.h. Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> # For KCSAN Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-03-09bpf: convert htab map to hlist_nullsAlexei Starovoitov
when all map elements are pre-allocated one cpu can delete and reuse htab_elem while another cpu is still walking the hlist. In such case the lookup may miss the element. Convert hlist to hlist_nulls to avoid such scenario. When bucket lock is taken there is no need to take such precautions, so only convert map_lookup and map_get_next to nulls. The race window is extremely small and only reproducible with explicit udelay() inside lookup_nulls_elem_raw() Similar to hlist add hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_safe() and hlist_nulls_entry_safe() helpers. Fixes: 6c9059817432 ("bpf: pre-allocate hash map elements") Reported-by: Jonathan Perry <jonperry@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2015-11-23list: Use READ_ONCE() when testing for empty listsPaul E. McKenney
Most of the list-empty-check macros (list_empty(), hlist_empty(), hlist_bl_empty(), hlist_nulls_empty(), and hlist_nulls_empty()) use an unadorned load to check the list header. Given that these macros are sometimes invoked without the protection of a lock, this is not sufficient. This commit therefore adds READ_ONCE() calls to them. This commit does not touch llist_empty() because it already has the needed ACCESS_ONCE(). Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2015-10-06rculist: Use WRITE_ONCE() when deleting from reader-visible listPaul E. McKenney
The various RCU list-deletion macros (list_del_rcu(), hlist_del_init_rcu(), hlist_del_rcu(), hlist_bl_del_init_rcu(), hlist_bl_del_rcu(), hlist_nulls_del_init_rcu(), and hlist_nulls_del_rcu()) do plain stores into the ->next pointer of the preceding list elemment. Unfortunately, the compiler is within its rights to (for example) use byte-at-a-time writes to update the pointer, which would fatally confuse concurrent readers. This patch therefore adds the needed WRITE_ONCE() macros. KernelThreadSanitizer (KTSAN) reported the __hlist_del() issue, which is a problem when __hlist_del() is invoked by hlist_del_rcu(). Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2015-01-04list_nulls: fix missing headerYing Xue
Fixup below build error: include/linux/list_nulls.h: In function ‘hlist_nulls_del’: include/linux/list_nulls.h:84:13: error: ‘LIST_POISON2’ undeclared (first use in this function) Signed-off-by: Ying Xue <ying.xue@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2015-01-03rhashtable: Supports for nulls markerThomas Graf
In order to allow for wider usage of rhashtable, use a special nulls marker to terminate each chain. The reason for not using the existing nulls_list is that the prev pointer usage would not be valid as entries can be linked in two different buckets at the same time. The 4 nulls base bits can be set through the rhashtable_params structure like this: struct rhashtable_params params = { [...] .nulls_base = (1U << RHT_BASE_SHIFT), }; This reduces the hash length from 32 bits to 27 bits. Signed-off-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2009-06-13list_nulls: add hlist_nulls_add_head and hlist_nulls_delPablo Neira Ayuso
This patch adds the hlist_nulls_add_head() function which is based on hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu() but without the use of rcu_assign_pointer(). It also adds hlist_nulls_del which is exactly the same like hlist_nulls_del_rcu(). Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org> Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
2008-11-16rcu: Introduce hlist_nulls variant of hlistEric Dumazet
hlist uses NULL value to finish a chain. hlist_nulls variant use the low order bit set to 1 to signal an end-of-list marker. This allows to store many different end markers, so that some RCU lockless algos (used in TCP/UDP stack for example) can save some memory barriers in fast paths. Two new files are added : include/linux/list_nulls.h - mimics hlist part of include/linux/list.h, derived to hlist_nulls variant include/linux/rculist_nulls.h - mimics hlist part of include/linux/rculist.h, derived to hlist_nulls variant Only four helpers are declared for the moment : hlist_nulls_del_init_rcu(), hlist_nulls_del_rcu(), hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu() and hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu() prefetches() were removed, since an end of list is not anymore NULL value. prefetches() could trigger useless (and possibly dangerous) memory transactions. Example of use (extracted from __udp4_lib_lookup()) struct sock *sk, *result; struct hlist_nulls_node *node; unsigned short hnum = ntohs(dport); unsigned int hash = udp_hashfn(net, hnum); struct udp_hslot *hslot = &udptable->hash[hash]; int score, badness; rcu_read_lock(); begin: result = NULL; badness = -1; sk_nulls_for_each_rcu(sk, node, &hslot->head) { score = compute_score(sk, net, saddr, hnum, sport, daddr, dport, dif); if (score > badness) { result = sk; badness = score; } } /* * if the nulls value we got at the end of this lookup is * not the expected one, we must restart lookup. * We probably met an item that was moved to another chain. */ if (get_nulls_value(node) != hash) goto begin; if (result) { if (unlikely(!atomic_inc_not_zero(&result->sk_refcnt))) result = NULL; else if (unlikely(compute_score(result, net, saddr, hnum, sport, daddr, dport, dif) < badness)) { sock_put(result); goto begin; } } rcu_read_unlock(); return result; Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>