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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2016-09-09kbuild: allow archs to select link dead code/data eliminationNicholas Piggin
Introduce LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION option for architectures to select to build with -ffunction-sections, -fdata-sections, and link with --gc-sections. It requires some work (documented) to ensure all unreferenced entrypoints are live, and requires toolchain and build verification, so it is made a per-arch option for now. On a random powerpc64le build, this yelds a significant size saving, it boots and runs fine, but there is a lot I haven't tested as yet, so these savings may be reduced if there are bugs in the link. text data bss dec filename 11169741 1180744 1923176 14273661 vmlinux 10445269 1004127 1919707 13369103 vmlinux.dce ~700K text, ~170K data, 6% removed from kernel image size. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
2012-05-05init_task: Replace CONFIG_HAVE_GENERIC_INIT_TASKThomas Gleixner
Now that all archs except ia64 are converted, replace the config and let the ia64 select CONFIG_ARCH_INIT_TASK Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120503085035.867948914@linutronix.de
2012-05-05init_task: Create generic init_task instanceThomas Gleixner
All archs define init_task in the same way (except ia64, but there is no particular reason why ia64 cannot use the common version). Create a generic instance so all archs can be converted over. The config switch is temporary and will be removed when all archs are converted over. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Chen Liqin <liqin.chen@sunplusct.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn> Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com> Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org> Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <jejb@parisc-linux.org> Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se> Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120503085034.092585287@linutronix.de
2009-12-12kbuild: move compile.h to include/generatedSam Ravnborg
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2008-02-11kbuild: fix make V=1Sam Ravnborg
When make -s support were added to filechk to combination created with make V=1 were not covered. Fix it by explicitly cover this case too. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
2008-02-09kbuild: silence CHK/UPD messages according to $(quiet)Mike Frysinger
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2007-10-14kbuild: enable 'make CFLAGS=...' to add additional options to CCSam Ravnborg
The variable CFLAGS is a wellknown variable and the usage by kbuild may result in unexpected behaviour. On top of that several people over time has asked for a way to pass in additional flags to gcc. This patch replace use of CFLAGS with KBUILD_CFLAGS all over the tree and enabling one to use: make CFLAGS=... to specify additional gcc commandline options. One usecase is when trying to find gcc bugs but other use cases has been requested too. Patch was tested on following architectures: alpha, arm, i386, x86_64, mips, sparc, sparc64, ia64, m68k Test was simple to do a defconfig build, apply the patch and check that nothing got rebuild. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2007-02-11[PATCH] disable init/initramfs.cJean-Paul Saman
The file init/initramfs.c is always compiled and linked in the kernel vmlinux even when BLK_DEV_RAM and BLK_DEV_INITRD are disabled and the system isn't using any form of an initramfs or initrd. In this situation the code is only used to unpack a (static) default initial rootfilesystem. The current init/initramfs.c code. usr/initramfs_data.o compiles to a size of ~15 kbytes. Disabling BLK_DEV_RAM and BLK_DEV_INTRD shrinks the kernel code size with ~60 Kbytes. This patch avoids compiling in the code and data for initramfs support if CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not defined. Instead of the initramfs code and data it uses a small routine in init/noinitramfs.c to setup an initial static default environment for mounting a rootfilesystem later on in the kernel initialisation process. The new code is: 164 bytes of size. The patch is separated in two parts: 1) doesn't compile initramfs code when CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not set 2) changing all plaforms vmlinux.lds.S files to not reserve an area of PAGE_SIZE when CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not set. [deweerdt@free.fr: warning fix] Signed-off-by: Jean-Paul Saman <jean-paul.saman@nxp.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Frederik Deweerdt <frederik.deweerdt@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-01-10[PATCH] fix linux banner format stringRoman Zippel
Revert previous attempts at messing with the linux banner string and simply use a separate format string for proc. Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Acked-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de> Acked-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> Cc: Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@mail.ru> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-22[PATCH] build compile.h earlierAndrew Morton
compile.h is created super-late in the build. But proc_misc.c want to include it, and it's generally not sane to have a header file in include/linux be created at the end of the build: it's either not present or, worse, wrong for most of the build. So the patch arranges for compile.h to be built at the start of the build process. It also consolidates the compile.h rules with those for version.h and utsname.h, so they all get built together. I hope. My chances of having got this right are about 2%. Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-08[PATCH] Fix linux banner utsname informationHerbert Poetzl
utsname information is shown in the linux banner, which also is used for /proc/version (which can have different utsname values inside a uts namespaces). this patch makes the varying data arguments and changes the string to a format string, using those arguments. Signed-off-by: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-26[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs from the init codeGreg Kroah-Hartman
This patch removes the devfs code from the init/ directory. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2005-07-14kbuild: "PREEMPT" in UTS_VERSIONSam Ravnborg
From: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Add PREEMPT to UTS_VERSION where enabled as is done for SMP to make preempt kernels easily identifiable. Added SMP PREEMPT as comment in compile.h to force it to be updated when they change (sam). Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2005-04-16Linux-2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!