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2019-12-01mm/mempolicy.c: fix checking unmapped holes for mbindLi Xinhai
mbind() is required to report EFAULT if range, specified by addr and len, contains unmapped holes. In current implementation, below rules are applied for this checking: 1: Unmapped holes at any part of the specified range should be reported as EFAULT if mbind() for none MPOL_DEFAULT cases; 2: Unmapped holes at any part of the specified range should be ignored (do not reprot EFAULT) if mbind() for MPOL_DEFAULT case; 3: The whole range in an unmapped hole should be reported as EFAULT; Note that rule 2 does not fullfill the mbind() API definition, but since that behavior has existed for long days (the internal flag MPOL_MF_DISCONTIG_OK is for this purpose), this patch does not plan to change it. In current code, application observed inconsistent behavior on rule 1 and rule 2 respectively. That inconsistency is fixed as below details. Cases of rule 1: - Hole at head side of range. Current code reprot EFAULT, no change by this patch. [ vma ][ hole ][ vma ] [ range ] - Hole at middle of range. Current code report EFAULT, no change by this patch. [ vma ][ hole ][ vma ] [ range ] - Hole at tail side of range. Current code do not report EFAULT, this patch fixes it. [ vma ][ hole ][ vma ] [ range ] Cases of rule 2: - Hole at head side of range. Current code reports EFAULT, this patch fixes it. [ vma ][ hole ][ vma ] [ range ] - Hole at middle of range. Current code does not report EFAULT, no change by this patch. [ vma ][ hole ][ vma] [ range ] - Hole at tail side of range. Current code does not report EFAULT, no change by this patch. [ vma ][ hole ][ vma] [ range ] This patch has no changes to rule 3. The unmapped hole checking can also be handled by using .pte_hole(), instead of .test_walk(). But .pte_hole() is called for holes inside and outside vma, which causes more cost, so this patch keeps the original design with .test_walk(). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1573218104-11021-3-git-send-email-lixinhai.lxh@gmail.com Fixes: 6f4576e3687b ("mempolicy: apply page table walker on queue_pages_range()") Signed-off-by: Li Xinhai <lixinhai.lxh@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: linux-man <linux-man@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-12-01mm/mempolicy.c: check range first in queue_pages_test_walkLi Xinhai
Patch series "mm: Fix checking unmapped holes for mbind", v4. This patchset fix checking unmapped holes for mbind(). First patch makes sure the vma been correctly tracked in .test_walk(), so each time when .test_walk() is called, the neighborhood of two vma is correct. Current problem is that the !vma_migratable() check could cause return immediately without update tracking to vma. Second patch fix the inconsistent report of EFAULT when mbind() is called for MPOL_DEFAULT and non MPOL_DEFAULT cases, so application do not need to have workaround code to handle this special behavior. Currently there are two problems, one is that the .test_walk() can not know there is hole at tail side of range, because .test_walk() only call for vma not for hole. The other one is that mbind_range() checks for hole at head side of range but do not consider the MPOL_MF_DISCONTIG_OK flag as done in .test_walk(). This patch (of 2): Checking unmapped hole and updating the previous vma must be handled first, otherwise the unmapped hole could be calculated from a wrong previous vma. Several commits were relevant to this error: - commit 6f4576e3687b ("mempolicy: apply page table walker on queue_pages_range()") This commit was correct, the VM_PFNMAP check was after updating previous vma - commit 48684a65b4e3 ("mm: pagewalk: fix misbehavior of walk_page_range for vma(VM_PFNMAP)") This commit added VM_PFNMAP check before updating previous vma. Then, there were two VM_PFNMAP check did same thing twice. - commit acda0c334028 ("mm/mempolicy.c: get rid of duplicated check for vma(VM_PFNMAP) in queue_page s_range()") This commit tried to fix the duplicated VM_PFNMAP check, but it wrongly removed the one which was after updating vma. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1573218104-11021-2-git-send-email-lixinhai.lxh@gmail.com Fixes: acda0c334028 (mm/mempolicy.c: get rid of duplicated check for vma(VM_PFNMAP) in queue_pages_range()) Signed-off-by: Li Xinhai <lixinhai.lxh@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: linux-man <linux-man@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-11-15mm: mempolicy: fix the wrong return value and potential pages leak of mbindYang Shi
Commit d883544515aa ("mm: mempolicy: make the behavior consistent when MPOL_MF_MOVE* and MPOL_MF_STRICT were specified") fixed the return value of mbind() for a couple of corner cases. But, it altered the errno for some other cases, for example, mbind() should return -EFAULT when part or all of the memory range specified by nodemask and maxnode points outside your accessible address space, or there was an unmapped hole in the specified memory range specified by addr and len. Fix this by preserving the errno returned by queue_pages_range(). And, the pagelist may be not empty even though queue_pages_range() returns error, put the pages back to LRU since mbind_range() is not called to really apply the policy so those pages should not be migrated, this is also the old behavior before the problematic commit. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1572454731-3925-1-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com Fixes: d883544515aa ("mm: mempolicy: make the behavior consistent when MPOL_MF_MOVE* and MPOL_MF_STRICT were specified") Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Reported-by: Li Xinhai <lixinhai.lxh@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Li Xinhai <lixinhai.lxh@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.19 and 5.2+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-09-28Merge branch 'hugepage-fallbacks' (hugepatch patches from David Rientjes)Linus Torvalds
Merge hugepage allocation updates from David Rientjes: "We (mostly Linus, Andrea, and myself) have been discussing offlist how to implement a sane default allocation strategy for hugepages on NUMA platforms. With these reverts in place, the page allocator will happily allocate a remote hugepage immediately rather than try to make a local hugepage available. This incurs a substantial performance degradation when memory compaction would have otherwise made a local hugepage available. This series reverts those reverts and attempts to propose a more sane default allocation strategy specifically for hugepages. Andrea acknowledges this is likely to fix the swap storms that he originally reported that resulted in the patches that removed __GFP_THISNODE from hugepage allocations. The immediate goal is to return 5.3 to the behavior the kernel has implemented over the past several years so that remote hugepages are not immediately allocated when local hugepages could have been made available because the increased access latency is untenable. The next goal is to introduce a sane default allocation strategy for hugepages allocations in general regardless of the configuration of the system so that we prevent thrashing of local memory when compaction is unlikely to succeed and can prefer remote hugepages over remote native pages when the local node is low on memory." Note on timing: this reverts the hugepage VM behavior changes that got introduced fairly late in the 5.3 cycle, and that fixed a huge performance regression for certain loads that had been around since 4.18. Andrea had this note: "The regression of 4.18 was that it was taking hours to start a VM where 3.10 was only taking a few seconds, I reported all the details on lkml when it was finally tracked down in August 2018. https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20180820032640.9896-2-aarcange@redhat.com/ __GFP_THISNODE in MADV_HUGEPAGE made the above enterprise vfio workload degrade like in the "current upstream" above. And it still would have been that bad as above until 5.3-rc5" where the bad behavior ends up happening as you fill up a local node, and without that change, you'd get into the nasty swap storm behavior due to compaction working overtime to make room for more memory on the nodes. As a result 5.3 got the two performance fix reverts in rc5. However, David Rientjes then noted that those performance fixes in turn regressed performance for other loads - although not quite to the same degree. He suggested reverting the reverts and instead replacing them with two small changes to how hugepage allocations are done (patch descriptions rephrased by me): - "avoid expensive reclaim when compaction may not succeed": just admit that the allocation failed when you're trying to allocate a huge-page and compaction wasn't successful. - "allow hugepage fallback to remote nodes when madvised": when that node-local huge-page allocation failed, retry without forcing the local node. but by then I judged it too late to replace the fixes for a 5.3 release. So 5.3 was released with behavior that harked back to the pre-4.18 logic. But now we're in the merge window for 5.4, and we can see if this alternate model fixes not just the horrendous swap storm behavior, but also restores the performance regression that the late reverts caused. Fingers crossed. * emailed patches from David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>: mm, page_alloc: allow hugepage fallback to remote nodes when madvised mm, page_alloc: avoid expensive reclaim when compaction may not succeed Revert "Revert "Revert "mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask"" Revert "Revert "mm, thp: restore node-local hugepage allocations""
2019-09-28mm, page_alloc: allow hugepage fallback to remote nodes when madvisedDavid Rientjes
For systems configured to always try hard to allocate transparent hugepages (thp defrag setting of "always") or for memory that has been explicitly madvised to MADV_HUGEPAGE, it is often better to fallback to remote memory to allocate the hugepage if the local allocation fails first. The point is to allow the initial call to __alloc_pages_node() to attempt to defragment local memory to make a hugepage available, if possible, rather than immediately fallback to remote memory. Local hugepages will always have a better access latency than remote (huge)pages, so an attempt to make a hugepage available locally is always preferred. If memory compaction cannot be successful locally, however, it is likely better to fallback to remote memory. This could take on two forms: either allow immediate fallback to remote memory or do per-zone watermark checks. It would be possible to fallback only when per-zone watermarks fail for order-0 memory, since that would require local reclaim for all subsequent faults so remote huge allocation is likely better than thrashing the local zone for large workloads. In this case, it is assumed that because the system is configured to try hard to allocate hugepages or the vma is advised to explicitly want to try hard for hugepages that remote allocation is better when local allocation and memory compaction have both failed. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Stefan Priebe - Profihost AG <s.priebe@profihost.ag> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-09-28Revert "Revert "Revert "mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into ↵David Rientjes
alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask"" This reverts commit 92717d429b38e4f9f934eed7e605cc42858f1839. Since commit a8282608c88e ("Revert "mm, thp: restore node-local hugepage allocations"") is reverted in this series, it is better to restore the previous 5.2 behavior between the thp allocation and the page allocator rather than to attempt any consolidation or cleanup for a policy that is now reverted. It's less risky during an rc cycle and subsequent patches in this series further modify the same policy that the pre-5.3 behavior implements. Consolidation and cleanup can be done subsequent to a sane default page allocation strategy, so this patch reverts a cleanup done on a strategy that is now reverted and thus is the least risky option. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Stefan Priebe - Profihost AG <s.priebe@profihost.ag> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-09-28Revert "Revert "mm, thp: restore node-local hugepage allocations""David Rientjes
This reverts commit a8282608c88e08b1782141026eab61204c1e533f. The commit references the original intended semantic for MADV_HUGEPAGE which has subsequently taken on three unique purposes: - enables or disables thp for a range of memory depending on the system's config (is thp "enabled" set to "always" or "madvise"), - determines the synchronous compaction behavior for thp allocations at fault (is thp "defrag" set to "always", "defer+madvise", or "madvise"), and - reverts a previous MADV_NOHUGEPAGE (there is no madvise mode to only clear previous hugepage advice). These are the three purposes that currently exist in 5.2 and over the past several years that userspace has been written around. Adding a NUMA locality preference adds a fourth dimension to an already conflated advice mode. Based on the semantic that MADV_HUGEPAGE has provided over the past several years, there exist workloads that use the tunable based on these principles: specifically that the allocation should attempt to defragment a local node before falling back. It is agreed that remote hugepages typically (but not always) have a better access latency than remote native pages, although on Naples this is at parity for intersocket. The revert commit that this patch reverts allows hugepage allocation to immediately allocate remotely when local memory is fragmented. This is contrary to the semantic of MADV_HUGEPAGE over the past several years: that is, memory compaction should be attempted locally before falling back. The performance degradation of remote hugepages over local hugepages on Rome, for example, is 53.5% increased access latency. For this reason, the goal is to revert back to the 5.2 and previous behavior that would attempt local defragmentation before falling back. With the patch that is reverted by this patch, we see performance degradations at the tail because the allocator happily allocates the remote hugepage rather than even attempting to make a local hugepage available. zone_reclaim_mode is not a solution to this problem since it does not only impact hugepage allocations but rather changes the memory allocation strategy for *all* page allocations. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Stefan Priebe - Profihost AG <s.priebe@profihost.ag> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-09-25mm: untag user pointers passed to memory syscallsAndrey Konovalov
This patch is a part of a series that extends kernel ABI to allow to pass tagged user pointers (with the top byte set to something else other than 0x00) as syscall arguments. This patch allows tagged pointers to be passed to the following memory syscalls: get_mempolicy, madvise, mbind, mincore, mlock, mlock2, mprotect, mremap, msync, munlock, move_pages. The mmap and mremap syscalls do not currently accept tagged addresses. Architectures may interpret the tag as a background colour for the corresponding vma. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/aaf0c0969d46b2feb9017f3e1b3ef3970b633d91.1563904656.git.andreyknvl@google.com Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com> Cc: Felix Kuehling <Felix.Kuehling@amd.com> Cc: Jens Wiklander <jens.wiklander@linaro.org> Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-09-24mm/mempolicy.c: remove unnecessary nodemask check in kernel_migrate_pages()Kefeng Wang
1) task_nodes = cpuset_mems_allowed(current); -> cpuset_mems_allowed() guaranteed to return some non-empty subset of node_states[N_MEMORY]. 2) nodes_and(*new, *new, task_nodes); -> after nodes_and(), the 'new' should be empty or appropriate nodemask(online node and with memory). After 1) and 2), we could remove unnecessary check whether the 'new' AND node_states[N_MEMORY] is empty. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190806023634.55356-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-09-07pagewalk: separate function pointers from iterator dataChristoph Hellwig
The mm_walk structure currently mixed data and code. Split out the operations vectors into a new mm_walk_ops structure, and while we are changing the API also declare the mm_walk structure inside the walk_page_range and walk_page_vma functions. Based on patch from Linus Torvalds. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190828141955.22210-3-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com> Reviewed-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@mellanox.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@mellanox.com>
2019-09-07mm: split out a new pagewalk.h header from mm.hChristoph Hellwig
Add a new header for the two handful of users of the walk_page_range / walk_page_vma interface instead of polluting all users of mm.h with it. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190828141955.22210-2-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com> Reviewed-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@mellanox.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@mellanox.com>
2019-08-13Revert "mm, thp: restore node-local hugepage allocations"Andrea Arcangeli
This reverts commit 2f0799a0ffc033b ("mm, thp: restore node-local hugepage allocations"). commit 2f0799a0ffc033b was rightfully applied to avoid the risk of a severe regression that was reported by the kernel test robot at the end of the merge window. Now we understood the regression was a false positive and was caused by a significant increase in fairness during a swap trashing benchmark. So it's safe to re-apply the fix and continue improving the code from there. The benchmark that reported the regression is very useful, but it provides a meaningful result only when there is no significant alteration in fairness during the workload. The removal of __GFP_THISNODE increased fairness. __GFP_THISNODE cannot be used in the generic page faults path for new memory allocations under the MPOL_DEFAULT mempolicy, or the allocation behavior significantly deviates from what the MPOL_DEFAULT semantics are supposed to be for THP and 4k allocations alike. Setting THP defrag to "always" or using MADV_HUGEPAGE (with THP defrag set to "madvise") has never meant to provide an implicit MPOL_BIND on the "current" node the task is running on, causing swap storms and providing a much more aggressive behavior than even zone_reclaim_node = 3. Any workload who could have benefited from __GFP_THISNODE has now to enable zone_reclaim_mode=1||2||3. __GFP_THISNODE implicitly provided the zone_reclaim_mode behavior, but it only did so if THP was enabled: if THP was disabled, there would have been no chance to get any 4k page from the current node if the current node was full of pagecache, which further shows how this __GFP_THISNODE was misplaced in MADV_HUGEPAGE. MADV_HUGEPAGE has never been intended to provide any zone_reclaim_mode semantics, in fact the two are orthogonal, zone_reclaim_mode = 1|2|3 must work exactly the same with MADV_HUGEPAGE set or not. The performance characteristic of memory depends on the hardware details. The numbers below are obtained on Naples/EPYC architecture and the N/A projection extends them to show what we should aim for in the future as a good THP NUMA locality default. The benchmark used exercises random memory seeks (note: the cost of the page faults is not part of the measurement). D0 THP | D0 4k | D1 THP | D1 4k | D2 THP | D2 4k | D3 THP | D3 4k | ... 0% | +43% | +45% | +106% | +131% | +224% | N/A | N/A D0 means distance zero (i.e. local memory), D1 means distance one (i.e. intra socket memory), D2 means distance two (i.e. inter socket memory), etc... For the guest physical memory allocated by qemu and for guest mode kernel the performance characteristic of RAM is more complex and an ideal default could be: D0 THP | D1 THP | D0 4k | D2 THP | D1 4k | D3 THP | D2 4k | D3 4k | ... 0% | +58% | +101% | N/A | +222% | N/A | N/A | N/A NOTE: the N/A are projections and haven't been measured yet, the measurement in this case is done on a 1950x with only two NUMA nodes. The THP case here means THP was used both in the host and in the guest. After applying this commit the THP NUMA locality order that we'll get out of MADV_HUGEPAGE is this: D0 THP | D1 THP | D2 THP | D3 THP | ... | D0 4k | D1 4k | D2 4k | D3 4k | ... Before this commit it was: D0 THP | D0 4k | D1 4k | D2 4k | D3 4k | ... Even if we ignore the breakage of large workloads that can't fit in a single node that the __GFP_THISNODE implicit "current node" mbind caused, the THP NUMA locality order provided by __GFP_THISNODE was still not the one we shall aim for in the long term (i.e. the first one at the top). After this commit is applied, we can introduce a new allocator multi order API and to replace those two alloc_pages_vmas calls in the page fault path, with a single multi order call: unsigned int order = (1 << HPAGE_PMD_ORDER) | (1 << 0); page = alloc_pages_multi_order(..., &order); if (!page) goto out; if (!(order & (1 << 0))) { VM_WARN_ON(order != 1 << HPAGE_PMD_ORDER); /* THP fault */ } else { VM_WARN_ON(order != 1 << 0); /* 4k fallback */ } The page allocator logic has to be altered so that when it fails on any zone with order 9, it has to try again with a order 0 before falling back to the next zone in the zonelist. After that we need to do more measurements and evaluate if adding an opt-in feature for guest mode is worth it, to swap "DN 4k | DN+1 THP" with "DN+1 THP | DN 4k" at every NUMA distance crossing. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190503223146.2312-3-aarcange@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu> Cc: Stefan Priebe - Profihost AG <s.priebe@profihost.ag> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-08-13Revert "Revert "mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into ↵Andrea Arcangeli
alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask"" Patch series "reapply: relax __GFP_THISNODE for MADV_HUGEPAGE mappings". The fixes for what was originally reported as "pathological THP behavior" we rightfully reverted to be sure not to introduced regressions at end of a merge window after a severe regression report from the kernel bot. We can safely re-apply them now that we had time to analyze the problem. The mm process worked fine, because the good fixes were eventually committed upstream without excessive delay. The regression reported by the kernel bot however forced us to revert the good fixes to be sure not to introduce regressions and to give us the time to analyze the issue further. The silver lining is that this extra time allowed to think more at this issue and also plan for a future direction to improve things further in terms of THP NUMA locality. This patch (of 2): This reverts commit 356ff8a9a78fb35d ("Revert "mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask"). So it reapplies 89c83fb539f954 ("mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask"). Consolidation of the THP allocation flags at the same place was meant to be a clean up to easier handle otherwise scattered code which is imposing a maintenance burden. There were no real problems observed with the gfp mask consolidation but the reversion was rushed through without a larger consensus regardless. This patch brings the consolidation back because this should make the long term maintainability easier as well as it should allow future changes to be less error prone. [mhocko@kernel.org: changelog additions] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190503223146.2312-2-aarcange@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu> Cc: Stefan Priebe - Profihost AG <s.priebe@profihost.ag> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-08-13mm: mempolicy: handle vma with unmovable pages mapped correctly in mbindYang Shi
When running syzkaller internally, we ran into the below bug on 4.9.x kernel: kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:2124! invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN CPU: 0 PID: 1518 Comm: syz-executor107 Not tainted 4.9.168+ #2 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 0.5.1 01/01/2011 task: ffff880067b34900 task.stack: ffff880068998000 RIP: split_huge_page_to_list+0x8fb/0x1030 mm/huge_memory.c:2124 Call Trace: split_huge_page include/linux/huge_mm.h:100 [inline] queue_pages_pte_range+0x7e1/0x1480 mm/mempolicy.c:538 walk_pmd_range mm/pagewalk.c:50 [inline] walk_pud_range mm/pagewalk.c:90 [inline] walk_pgd_range mm/pagewalk.c:116 [inline] __walk_page_range+0x44a/0xdb0 mm/pagewalk.c:208 walk_page_range+0x154/0x370 mm/pagewalk.c:285 queue_pages_range+0x115/0x150 mm/mempolicy.c:694 do_mbind mm/mempolicy.c:1241 [inline] SYSC_mbind+0x3c3/0x1030 mm/mempolicy.c:1370 SyS_mbind+0x46/0x60 mm/mempolicy.c:1352 do_syscall_64+0x1d2/0x600 arch/x86/entry/common.c:282 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_swapgs+0x5d/0xdb Code: c7 80 1c 02 00 e8 26 0a 76 01 <0f> 0b 48 c7 c7 40 46 45 84 e8 4c RIP [<ffffffff81895d6b>] split_huge_page_to_list+0x8fb/0x1030 mm/huge_memory.c:2124 RSP <ffff88006899f980> with the below test: uint64_t r[1] = {0xffffffffffffffff}; int main(void) { syscall(__NR_mmap, 0x20000000, 0x1000000, 3, 0x32, -1, 0); intptr_t res = 0; res = syscall(__NR_socket, 0x11, 3, 0x300); if (res != -1) r[0] = res; *(uint32_t*)0x20000040 = 0x10000; *(uint32_t*)0x20000044 = 1; *(uint32_t*)0x20000048 = 0xc520; *(uint32_t*)0x2000004c = 1; syscall(__NR_setsockopt, r[0], 0x107, 0xd, 0x20000040, 0x10); syscall(__NR_mmap, 0x20fed000, 0x10000, 0, 0x8811, r[0], 0); *(uint64_t*)0x20000340 = 2; syscall(__NR_mbind, 0x20ff9000, 0x4000, 0x4002, 0x20000340, 0x45d4, 3); return 0; } Actually the test does: mmap(0x20000000, 16777216, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x20000000 socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, 768) = 3 setsockopt(3, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_TX_RING, {block_size=65536, block_nr=1, frame_size=50464, frame_nr=1}, 16) = 0 mmap(0x20fed000, 65536, PROT_NONE, MAP_SHARED|MAP_FIXED|MAP_POPULATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x20fed000 mbind(..., MPOL_MF_STRICT|MPOL_MF_MOVE) = 0 The setsockopt() would allocate compound pages (16 pages in this test) for packet tx ring, then the mmap() would call packet_mmap() to map the pages into the user address space specified by the mmap() call. When calling mbind(), it would scan the vma to queue the pages for migration to the new node. It would split any huge page since 4.9 doesn't support THP migration, however, the packet tx ring compound pages are not THP and even not movable. So, the above bug is triggered. However, the later kernel is not hit by this issue due to commit d44d363f6578 ("mm: don't assume anonymous pages have SwapBacked flag"), which just removes the PageSwapBacked check for a different reason. But, there is a deeper issue. According to the semantic of mbind(), it should return -EIO if MPOL_MF_MOVE or MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL was specified and MPOL_MF_STRICT was also specified, but the kernel was unable to move all existing pages in the range. The tx ring of the packet socket is definitely not movable, however, mbind() returns success for this case. Although the most socket file associates with non-movable pages, but XDP may have movable pages from gup. So, it sounds not fine to just check the underlying file type of vma in vma_migratable(). Change migrate_page_add() to check if the page is movable or not, if it is unmovable, just return -EIO. But do not abort pte walk immediately, since there may be pages off LRU temporarily. We should migrate other pages if MPOL_MF_MOVE* is specified. Set has_unmovable flag if some paged could not be not moved, then return -EIO for mbind() eventually. With this change the above test would return -EIO as expected. [yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com: fix review comments from Vlastimil] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1563556862-54056-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1561162809-59140-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-08-13mm: mempolicy: make the behavior consistent when MPOL_MF_MOVE* and ↵Yang Shi
MPOL_MF_STRICT were specified When both MPOL_MF_MOVE* and MPOL_MF_STRICT was specified, mbind() should try best to migrate misplaced pages, if some of the pages could not be migrated, then return -EIO. There are three different sub-cases: 1. vma is not migratable 2. vma is migratable, but there are unmovable pages 3. vma is migratable, pages are movable, but migrate_pages() fails If #1 happens, kernel would just abort immediately, then return -EIO, after a7f40cfe3b7a ("mm: mempolicy: make mbind() return -EIO when MPOL_MF_STRICT is specified"). If #3 happens, kernel would set policy and migrate pages with best-effort, but won't rollback the migrated pages and reset the policy back. Before that commit, they behaves in the same way. It'd better to keep their behavior consistent. But, rolling back the migrated pages and resetting the policy back sounds not feasible, so just make #1 behave as same as #3. Userspace will know that not everything was successfully migrated (via -EIO), and can take whatever steps it deems necessary - attempt rollback, determine which exact page(s) are violating the policy, etc. Make queue_pages_range() return 1 to indicate there are unmovable pages or vma is not migratable. The #2 is not handled correctly in the current kernel, the following patch will fix it. [yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com: fix review comments from Vlastimil] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1563556862-54056-2-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1561162809-59140-2-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-07-02mm: export alloc_pages_vmaChristoph Hellwig
nouveau is currently using this through an odd hmm wrapper, and I plan to switch it to the real thing later in this series. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@mellanox.com>
2019-06-29mm/mempolicy.c: fix an incorrect rebind node in mpol_rebind_nodemaskzhong jiang
mpol_rebind_nodemask() is called for MPOL_BIND and MPOL_INTERLEAVE mempoclicies when the tasks's cpuset's mems_allowed changes. For policies created without MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES or MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES, it works by remapping the policy's allowed nodes (stored in v.nodes) using the previous value of mems_allowed (stored in w.cpuset_mems_allowed) as the domain of map and the new mems_allowed (passed as nodes) as the range of the map (see the comment of bitmap_remap() for details). The result of remapping is stored back as policy's nodemask in v.nodes, and the new value of mems_allowed should be stored in w.cpuset_mems_allowed to facilitate the next rebind, if it happens. However, 213980c0f23b ("mm, mempolicy: simplify rebinding mempolicies when updating cpusets") introduced a bug where the result of remapping is stored in w.cpuset_mems_allowed instead. Thus, a mempolicy's allowed nodes can evolve in an unexpected way after a series of rebinding due to cpuset mems_allowed changes, possibly binding to a wrong node or a smaller number of nodes which may e.g. overload them. This patch fixes the bug so rebinding again works as intended. [vbabka@suse.cz: new changlog] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/ef6a69c6-c052-b067-8f2c-9d615c619bb9@suse.cz Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1558768043-23184-1-git-send-email-zhongjiang@huawei.com Fixes: 213980c0f23b ("mm, mempolicy: simplify rebinding mempolicies when updating cpusets") Signed-off-by: zhong jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-05-30treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 225Thomas Gleixner
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s): subject to the gnu public license version 2 extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier GPL-2.0-only has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 1 file(s). Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Steve Winslow <swinslow@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Alexios Zavras <alexios.zavras@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net> Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190528171440.319650492@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2019-03-29mm: mempolicy: make mbind() return -EIO when MPOL_MF_STRICT is specifiedYang Shi
When MPOL_MF_STRICT was specified and an existing page was already on a node that does not follow the policy, mbind() should return -EIO. But commit 6f4576e3687b ("mempolicy: apply page table walker on queue_pages_range()") broke the rule. And commit c8633798497c ("mm: mempolicy: mbind and migrate_pages support thp migration") didn't return the correct value for THP mbind() too. If MPOL_MF_STRICT is set, ignore vma_migratable() to make sure it reaches queue_pages_to_pte_range() or queue_pages_pmd() to check if an existing page was already on a node that does not follow the policy. And, non-migratable vma may be used, return -EIO too if MPOL_MF_MOVE or MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL was specified. Tested with https://github.com/metan-ucw/ltp/blob/master/testcases/kernel/syscalls/mbind/mbind02.c [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak code comment] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1553020556-38583-1-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com Fixes: 6f4576e3687b ("mempolicy: apply page table walker on queue_pages_range()") Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Reported-by: Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz> Suggested-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-03-05mm, mempolicy: fix uninit memory accessVlastimil Babka
Syzbot with KMSAN reports (excerpt): ================================================================== BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in mpol_rebind_policy mm/mempolicy.c:353 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in mpol_rebind_mm+0x249/0x370 mm/mempolicy.c:384 CPU: 1 PID: 17420 Comm: syz-executor4 Not tainted 4.20.0-rc7+ #15 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:77 [inline] dump_stack+0x173/0x1d0 lib/dump_stack.c:113 kmsan_report+0x12e/0x2a0 mm/kmsan/kmsan.c:613 __msan_warning+0x82/0xf0 mm/kmsan/kmsan_instr.c:295 mpol_rebind_policy mm/mempolicy.c:353 [inline] mpol_rebind_mm+0x249/0x370 mm/mempolicy.c:384 update_tasks_nodemask+0x608/0xca0 kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c:1120 update_nodemasks_hier kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c:1185 [inline] update_nodemask kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c:1253 [inline] cpuset_write_resmask+0x2a98/0x34b0 kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c:1728 ... Uninit was created at: kmsan_save_stack_with_flags mm/kmsan/kmsan.c:204 [inline] kmsan_internal_poison_shadow+0x92/0x150 mm/kmsan/kmsan.c:158 kmsan_kmalloc+0xa6/0x130 mm/kmsan/kmsan_hooks.c:176 kmem_cache_alloc+0x572/0xb90 mm/slub.c:2777 mpol_new mm/mempolicy.c:276 [inline] do_mbind mm/mempolicy.c:1180 [inline] kernel_mbind+0x8a7/0x31a0 mm/mempolicy.c:1347 __do_sys_mbind mm/mempolicy.c:1354 [inline] As it's difficult to report where exactly the uninit value resides in the mempolicy object, we have to guess a bit. mm/mempolicy.c:353 contains this part of mpol_rebind_policy(): if (!mpol_store_user_nodemask(pol) && nodes_equal(pol->w.cpuset_mems_allowed, *newmask)) "mpol_store_user_nodemask(pol)" is testing pol->flags, which I couldn't ever see being uninitialized after leaving mpol_new(). So I'll guess it's actually about accessing pol->w.cpuset_mems_allowed on line 354, but still part of statement starting on line 353. For w.cpuset_mems_allowed to be not initialized, and the nodes_equal() reachable for a mempolicy where mpol_set_nodemask() is called in do_mbind(), it seems the only possibility is a MPOL_PREFERRED policy with empty set of nodes, i.e. MPOL_LOCAL equivalent, with MPOL_F_LOCAL flag. Let's exclude such policies from the nodes_equal() check. Note the uninit access should be benign anyway, as rebinding this kind of policy is always a no-op. Therefore no actual need for stable inclusion. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a71997c3-e8ae-a787-d5ce-3db05768b27c@suse.cz Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/73da3e9c-cc84-509e-17d9-0c434bb9967d@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reported-by: syzbot+b19c2dc2c990ea657a71@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com> Cc: zhong jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-03-05mm: replace all open encodings for NUMA_NO_NODEAnshuman Khandual
Patch series "Replace all open encodings for NUMA_NO_NODE", v3. All these places for replacement were found by running the following grep patterns on the entire kernel code. Please let me know if this might have missed some instances. This might also have replaced some false positives. I will appreciate suggestions, inputs and review. 1. git grep "nid == -1" 2. git grep "node == -1" 3. git grep "nid = -1" 4. git grep "node = -1" This patch (of 2): At present there are multiple places where invalid node number is encoded as -1. Even though implicitly understood it is always better to have macros in there. Replace these open encodings for an invalid node number with the global macro NUMA_NO_NODE. This helps remove NUMA related assumptions like 'invalid node' from various places redirecting them to a common definition. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1545127933-10711-2-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Acked-by: Jeff Kirsher <jeffrey.t.kirsher@intel.com> [ixgbe] Acked-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> [mtip32xx] Acked-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org> [dmaengine.c] Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> [powerpc] Acked-by: Doug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com> [drivers/infiniband] Cc: Joseph Qi <jiangqi903@gmail.com> Cc: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-02-21numa: change get_mempolicy() to use nr_node_ids instead of MAX_NUMNODESRalph Campbell
The system call, get_mempolicy() [1], passes an unsigned long *nodemask pointer and an unsigned long maxnode argument which specifies the length of the user's nodemask array in bits (which is rounded up). The manual page says that if the maxnode value is too small, get_mempolicy will return EINVAL but there is no system call to return this minimum value. To determine this value, some programs search /proc/<pid>/status for a line starting with "Mems_allowed:" and use the number of digits in the mask to determine the minimum value. A recent change to the way this line is formatted [2] causes these programs to compute a value less than MAX_NUMNODES so get_mempolicy() returns EINVAL. Change get_mempolicy(), the older compat version of get_mempolicy(), and the copy_nodes_to_user() function to use nr_node_ids instead of MAX_NUMNODES, thus preserving the defacto method of computing the minimum size for the nodemask array and the maxnode argument. [1] http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/get_mempolicy.2.html [2] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1545405631-6808-1-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190211180245.22295-1-rcampbell@nvidia.com Fixes: 4fb8e5b89bcbbbb ("include/linux/nodemask.h: use nr_node_ids (not MAX_NUMNODES) in __nodemask_pr_numnodes()") Signed-off-by: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com> Suggested-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.duyck@gmail.com> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-12-08Revert "mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into ↵David Rientjes
alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask" This reverts commit 89c83fb539f95491be80cdd5158e6f0ce329e317. This should have been done as part of 2f0799a0ffc0 ("mm, thp: restore node-local hugepage allocations"). The movement of the thp allocation policy from alloc_pages_vma() to alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask() was intended to only set __GFP_THISNODE for mempolicies that are not MPOL_BIND whereas the revert could set this regardless of mempolicy. While the check for MPOL_BIND between alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask() and alloc_pages_vma() was racy, that has since been removed since the revert. What is left is the possibility to use __GFP_THISNODE in policy_node() when it is unexpected because the special handling for hugepages in alloc_pages_vma() was removed as part of the consolidation. Secondly, prior to 89c83fb539f9, alloc_pages_vma() implemented a somewhat different policy for hugepage allocations, which were allocated through alloc_hugepage_vma(). For hugepage allocations, if the allocating process's node is in the set of allowed nodes, allocate with __GFP_THISNODE for that node (for MPOL_PREFERRED, use that node with __GFP_THISNODE instead). This was changed for shmem_alloc_hugepage() to allow fallback to other nodes in 89c83fb539f9 as it did for new_page() in mm/mempolicy.c which is functionally different behavior and removes the requirement to only allocate hugepages locally. So this commit does a full revert of 89c83fb539f9 instead of the partial revert that was done in 2f0799a0ffc0. The result is the same thp allocation policy for 4.20 that was in 4.19. Fixes: 89c83fb539f9 ("mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask") Fixes: 2f0799a0ffc0 ("mm, thp: restore node-local hugepage allocations") Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-12-05mm, thp: restore node-local hugepage allocationsDavid Rientjes
This is a full revert of ac5b2c18911f ("mm: thp: relax __GFP_THISNODE for MADV_HUGEPAGE mappings") and a partial revert of 89c83fb539f9 ("mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask"). By not setting __GFP_THISNODE, applications can allocate remote hugepages when the local node is fragmented or low on memory when either the thp defrag setting is "always" or the vma has been madvised with MADV_HUGEPAGE. Remote access to hugepages often has much higher latency than local pages of the native page size. On Haswell, ac5b2c18911f was shown to have a 13.9% access regression after this commit for binaries that remap their text segment to be backed by transparent hugepages. The intent of ac5b2c18911f is to address an issue where a local node is low on memory or fragmented such that a hugepage cannot be allocated. In every scenario where this was described as a fix, there is abundant and unfragmented remote memory available to allocate from, even with a greater access latency. If remote memory is also low or fragmented, not setting __GFP_THISNODE was also measured on Haswell to have a 40% regression in allocation latency. Restore __GFP_THISNODE for thp allocations. Fixes: ac5b2c18911f ("mm: thp: relax __GFP_THISNODE for MADV_HUGEPAGE mappings") Fixes: 89c83fb539f9 ("mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask") Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-11-03mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmaskMichal Hocko
THP allocation mode is quite complex and it depends on the defrag mode. This complexity is hidden in alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask from a large part currently. The NUMA special casing (namely __GFP_THISNODE) is however independent and placed in alloc_pages_vma currently. This both adds an unnecessary branch to all vma based page allocation requests and it makes the code more complex unnecessarily as well. Not to mention that e.g. shmem THP used to do the node reclaiming unconditionally regardless of the defrag mode until recently. This was not only unexpected behavior but it was also hardly a good default behavior and I strongly suspect it was just a side effect of the code sharing more than a deliberate decision which suggests that such a layering is wrong. Get rid of the thp special casing from alloc_pages_vma and move the logic to alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask. __GFP_THISNODE is applied to the resulting gfp mask only when the direct reclaim is not requested and when there is no explicit numa binding to preserve the current logic. Please note that there's also a slight difference wrt MPOL_BIND now. The previous code would avoid using __GFP_THISNODE if the local node was outside of policy_nodemask(). After this patch __GFP_THISNODE is avoided for all MPOL_BIND policies. So there's a difference that if local node is actually allowed by the bind policy's nodemask, previously __GFP_THISNODE would be added, but now it won't be. From the behavior POV this is still correct because the policy nodemask is used. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180925120326.24392-3-mhocko@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Stefan Priebe - Profihost AG <s.priebe@profihost.ag> Cc: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-11-03mm: thp: relax __GFP_THISNODE for MADV_HUGEPAGE mappingsAndrea Arcangeli
THP allocation might be really disruptive when allocated on NUMA system with the local node full or hard to reclaim. Stefan has posted an allocation stall report on 4.12 based SLES kernel which suggests the same issue: kvm: page allocation stalls for 194572ms, order:9, mode:0x4740ca(__GFP_HIGHMEM|__GFP_IO|__GFP_FS|__GFP_COMP|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_HARDWALL|__GFP_THISNODE|__GFP_MOVABLE|__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM), nodemask=(null) kvm cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0-1 CPU: 10 PID: 84752 Comm: kvm Tainted: G W 4.12.0+98-ph <a href="/view.php?id=1" title="[geschlossen] Integration Ramdisk" class="resolved">0000001</a> SLE15 (unreleased) Hardware name: Supermicro SYS-1029P-WTRT/X11DDW-NT, BIOS 2.0 12/05/2017 Call Trace: dump_stack+0x5c/0x84 warn_alloc+0xe0/0x180 __alloc_pages_slowpath+0x820/0xc90 __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x1cc/0x210 alloc_pages_vma+0x1e5/0x280 do_huge_pmd_wp_page+0x83f/0xf00 __handle_mm_fault+0x93d/0x1060 handle_mm_fault+0xc6/0x1b0 __do_page_fault+0x230/0x430 do_page_fault+0x2a/0x70 page_fault+0x7b/0x80 [...] Mem-Info: active_anon:126315487 inactive_anon:1612476 isolated_anon:5 active_file:60183 inactive_file:245285 isolated_file:0 unevictable:15657 dirty:286 writeback:1 unstable:0 slab_reclaimable:75543 slab_unreclaimable:2509111 mapped:81814 shmem:31764 pagetables:370616 bounce:0 free:32294031 free_pcp:6233 free_cma:0 Node 0 active_anon:254680388kB inactive_anon:1112760kB active_file:240648kB inactive_file:981168kB unevictable:13368kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:280240kB dirty:1144kB writeback:0kB shmem:95832kB shmem_thp: 0kB shmem_pmdmapped: 0kB anon_thp: 81225728kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB all_unreclaimable? no Node 1 active_anon:250583072kB inactive_anon:5337144kB active_file:84kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:49260kB isolated(anon):20kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:47016kB dirty:0kB writeback:4kB shmem:31224kB shmem_thp: 0kB shmem_pmdmapped: 0kB anon_thp: 31897600kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB all_unreclaimable? no The defrag mode is "madvise" and from the above report it is clear that the THP has been allocated for MADV_HUGEPAGA vma. Andrea has identified that the main source of the problem is __GFP_THISNODE usage: : The problem is that direct compaction combined with the NUMA : __GFP_THISNODE logic in mempolicy.c is telling reclaim to swap very : hard the local node, instead of failing the allocation if there's no : THP available in the local node. : : Such logic was ok until __GFP_THISNODE was added to the THP allocation : path even with MPOL_DEFAULT. : : The idea behind the __GFP_THISNODE addition, is that it is better to : provide local memory in PAGE_SIZE units than to use remote NUMA THP : backed memory. That largely depends on the remote latency though, on : threadrippers for example the overhead is relatively low in my : experience. : : The combination of __GFP_THISNODE and __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM results in : extremely slow qemu startup with vfio, if the VM is larger than the : size of one host NUMA node. This is because it will try very hard to : unsuccessfully swapout get_user_pages pinned pages as result of the : __GFP_THISNODE being set, instead of falling back to PAGE_SIZE : allocations and instead of trying to allocate THP on other nodes (it : would be even worse without vfio type1 GUP pins of course, except it'd : be swapping heavily instead). Fix this by removing __GFP_THISNODE for THP requests which are requesting the direct reclaim. This effectivelly reverts 5265047ac301 on the grounds that the zone/node reclaim was known to be disruptive due to premature reclaim when there was memory free. While it made sense at the time for HPC workloads without NUMA awareness on rare machines, it was ultimately harmful in the majority of cases. The existing behaviour is similar, if not as widespare as it applies to a corner case but crucially, it cannot be tuned around like zone_reclaim_mode can. The default behaviour should always be to cause the least harm for the common case. If there are specialised use cases out there that want zone_reclaim_mode in specific cases, then it can be built on top. Longterm we should consider a memory policy which allows for the node reclaim like behavior for the specific memory ranges which would allow a [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180820032204.9591-1-aarcange@redhat.com Mel said: : Both patches look correct to me but I'm responding to this one because : it's the fix. The change makes sense and moves further away from the : severe stalling behaviour we used to see with both THP and zone reclaim : mode. : : I put together a basic experiment with usemem configured to reference a : buffer multiple times that is 80% the size of main memory on a 2-socket : box with symmetric node sizes and defrag set to "always". The defrag : setting is not the default but it would be functionally similar to : accessing a buffer with madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE). Usemem is configured to : reference the buffer multiple times and while it's not an interesting : workload, it would be expected to complete reasonably quickly as it fits : within memory. The results were; : : usemem : vanilla noreclaim-v1 : Amean Elapsd-1 42.78 ( 0.00%) 26.87 ( 37.18%) : Amean Elapsd-3 27.55 ( 0.00%) 7.44 ( 73.00%) : Amean Elapsd-4 5.72 ( 0.00%) 5.69 ( 0.45%) : : This shows the elapsed time in seconds for 1 thread, 3 threads and 4 : threads referencing buffers 80% the size of memory. With the patches : applied, it's 37.18% faster for the single thread and 73% faster with two : threads. Note that 4 threads showing little difference does not indicate : the problem is related to thread counts. It's simply the case that 4 : threads gets spread so their workload mostly fits in one node. : : The overall view from /proc/vmstats is more startling : : 4.19.0-rc1 4.19.0-rc1 : vanillanoreclaim-v1r1 : Minor Faults 35593425 708164 : Major Faults 484088 36 : Swap Ins 3772837 0 : Swap Outs 3932295 0 : : Massive amounts of swap in/out without the patch : : Direct pages scanned 6013214 0 : Kswapd pages scanned 0 0 : Kswapd pages reclaimed 0 0 : Direct pages reclaimed 4033009 0 : : Lots of reclaim activity without the patch : : Kswapd efficiency 100% 100% : Kswapd velocity 0.000 0.000 : Direct efficiency 67% 100% : Direct velocity 11191.956 0.000 : : Mostly from direct reclaim context as you'd expect without the patch. : : Page writes by reclaim 3932314.000 0.000 : Page writes file 19 0 : Page writes anon 3932295 0 : Page reclaim immediate 42336 0 : : Writes from reclaim context is never good but the patch eliminates it. : : We should never have default behaviour to thrash the system for such a : basic workload. If zone reclaim mode behaviour is ever desired but on a : single task instead of a global basis then the sensible option is to build : a mempolicy that enforces that behaviour. This was a severe regression compared to previous kernels that made important workloads unusable and it starts when __GFP_THISNODE was added to THP allocations under MADV_HUGEPAGE. It is not a significant risk to go to the previous behavior before __GFP_THISNODE was added, it worked like that for years. This was simply an optimization to some lucky workloads that can fit in a single node, but it ended up breaking the VM for others that can't possibly fit in a single node, so going back is safe. [mhocko@suse.com: rewrote the changelog based on the one from Andrea] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180925120326.24392-2-mhocko@kernel.org Fixes: 5265047ac301 ("mm, thp: really limit transparent hugepage allocation to local node") Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reported-by: Stefan Priebe <s.priebe@profihost.ag> Debugged-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reported-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Tested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.1+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-10-26mm/mempolicy.c: use match_string() helper to simplify the codezhong jiang
match_string() returns the index of an array for a matching string, which can be used intead of open coded implementation. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1536988365-50310-1-git-send-email-zhongjiang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: zhong jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-10-26userfaultfd: allow get_mempolicy(MPOL_F_NODE|MPOL_F_ADDR) to trigger userfaultsAndrea Arcangeli
get_mempolicy(MPOL_F_NODE|MPOL_F_ADDR) called a get_user_pages that would not be waiting for userfaults before failing and it would hit on a SIGBUS instead. Using get_user_pages_locked/unlocked instead will allow get_mempolicy to allow userfaults to resolve the fault and fill the hole, before grabbing the node id of the page. If the user calls get_mempolicy() with MPOL_F_ADDR | MPOL_F_NODE for an address inside an area managed by uffd and there is no page at that address, the page allocation from within get_mempolicy() will fail because get_user_pages() does not allow for page fault retry required for uffd; the user will get SIGBUS. With this patch, the page fault will be resolved by the uffd and the get_mempolicy() will continue normally. Background: Via code review, previously the syscall would have returned -EFAULT (vm_fault_to_errno), now it will block and wait for an userfault (if it's waken before the fault is resolved it'll still -EFAULT). This way get_mempolicy will give a chance to an "unaware" app to be compliant with userfaults. The reason this visible change is that becoming "userfault compliant" cannot regress anything: all other syscalls including read(2)/write(2) had to become "userfault compliant" long time ago (that's one of the things userfaultfd can do that PROT_NONE and trapping segfaults can't). So this is just one more syscall that become "userfault compliant" like all other major ones already were. This has been happening on virtio-bridge dpdk process which just called get_mempolicy on the guest space post live migration, but before the memory had a chance to be migrated to destination. I didn't run an strace to be able to show the -EFAULT going away, but I've the confirmation of the below debug aid information (only visible with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y) going away with the patch: [20116.371461] FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY missing 0 [20116.371464] CPU: 1 PID: 13381 Comm: vhost-events Not tainted 4.17.12-200.fc28.x86_64 #1 [20116.371465] Hardware name: LENOVO 20FAS2BN0A/20FAS2BN0A, BIOS N1CET54W (1.22 ) 02/10/2017 [20116.371466] Call Trace: [20116.371473] dump_stack+0x5c/0x80 [20116.371476] handle_userfault.cold.37+0x1b/0x22 [20116.371479] ? remove_wait_queue+0x20/0x60 [20116.371481] ? poll_freewait+0x45/0xa0 [20116.371483] ? do_sys_poll+0x31c/0x520 [20116.371485] ? radix_tree_lookup_slot+0x1e/0x50 [20116.371488] shmem_getpage_gfp+0xce7/0xe50 [20116.371491] ? page_add_file_rmap+0x1a/0x2c0 [20116.371493] shmem_fault+0x78/0x1e0 [20116.371495] ? filemap_map_pages+0x3a1/0x450 [20116.371498] __do_fault+0x1f/0xc0 [20116.371500] __handle_mm_fault+0xe2e/0x12f0 [20116.371502] handle_mm_fault+0xda/0x200 [20116.371504] __get_user_pages+0x238/0x790 [20116.371506] get_user_pages+0x3e/0x50 [20116.371510] kernel_get_mempolicy+0x40b/0x700 [20116.371512] ? vfs_write+0x170/0x1a0 [20116.371515] __x64_sys_get_mempolicy+0x21/0x30 [20116.371517] do_syscall_64+0x5b/0x160 [20116.371520] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 The above harmless debug message (not a kernel crash, just a dump_stack()) is shown with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y to more quickly identify and improve kernel spots that may have to become "userfaultfd compliant" like this one (without having to run an strace and search for syscall misbehavior). Spots like the above are more closer to a kernel bug for the non-cooperative usages that Mike focuses on, than for for dpdk qemu-cooperative usages that reproduced it, but it's still nicer to get this fixed for dpdk too. The part of the patch that caused me to think is only the implementation issue of mpol_get, but it looks like it should work safe no matter the kind of mempolicy structure that is (the default static policy also starts at 1 so it'll go to 2 and back to 1 without crashing everything at 0). [rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com: changelog addition] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180904073718.GA26916@rapoport-lnx Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180831214848.23676-1-aarcange@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reported-by: Maxime Coquelin <maxime.coquelin@redhat.com> Tested-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-08-22mm: access zone->node via zone_to_nid() and zone_set_nid()Pavel Tatashin
zone->node is configured only when CONFIG_NUMA=y, so it is a good idea to have inline functions to access this field in order to avoid ifdef's in c files. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180730101757.28058-3-osalvador@techadventures.net Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <Pavel.Tatashin@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-08-22mm: zero out the vma in vma_init()Andrew Morton
Rather than in vm_area_alloc(). To ensure that the various oddball stack-based vmas are in a good state. Some of the callers were zeroing them out, others were not. Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-07-26mm: use vma_init() to initialize VMAs on stack and data segmentsKirill A. Shutemov
Make sure to initialize all VMAs properly, not only those which come from vm_area_cachep. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180724121139.62570-3-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-04-11mm: unclutter THP migrationMichal Hocko
THP migration is hacked into the generic migration with rather surprising semantic. The migration allocation callback is supposed to check whether the THP can be migrated at once and if that is not the case then it allocates a simple page to migrate. unmap_and_move then fixes that up by spliting the THP into small pages while moving the head page to the newly allocated order-0 page. Remaning pages are moved to the LRU list by split_huge_page. The same happens if the THP allocation fails. This is really ugly and error prone [1]. I also believe that split_huge_page to the LRU lists is inherently wrong because all tail pages are not migrated. Some callers will just work around that by retrying (e.g. memory hotplug). There are other pfn walkers which are simply broken though. e.g. madvise_inject_error will migrate head and then advances next pfn by the huge page size. do_move_page_to_node_array, queue_pages_range (migrate_pages, mbind), will simply split the THP before migration if the THP migration is not supported then falls back to single page migration but it doesn't handle tail pages if the THP migration path is not able to allocate a fresh THP so we end up with ENOMEM and fail the whole migration which is a questionable behavior. Page compaction doesn't try to migrate large pages so it should be immune. This patch tries to unclutter the situation by moving the special THP handling up to the migrate_pages layer where it actually belongs. We simply split the THP page into the existing list if unmap_and_move fails with ENOMEM and retry. So we will _always_ migrate all THP subpages and specific migrate_pages users do not have to deal with this case in a special way. [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171121021855.50525-1-zi.yan@sent.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180103082555.14592-4-mhocko@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu> Cc: Andrea Reale <ar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-04-11mm, migrate: remove reason argument from new_page_tMichal Hocko
No allocation callback is using this argument anymore. new_page_node used to use this parameter to convey node_id resp. migration error up to move_pages code (do_move_page_to_node_array). The error status never made it into the final status field and we have a better way to communicate node id to the status field now. All other allocation callbacks simply ignored the argument so we can drop it finally. [mhocko@suse.com: fix migration callback] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180105085259.GH2801@dhcp22.suse.cz [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix alloc_misplaced_dst_page()] [mhocko@kernel.org: fix build] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180103091134.GB11319@dhcp22.suse.cz Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180103082555.14592-3-mhocko@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu> Cc: Andrea Reale <ar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-04-11mm, numa: rework do_pages_moveMichal Hocko
Patch series "unclutter thp migration" Motivation: THP migration is hacked into the generic migration with rather surprising semantic. The migration allocation callback is supposed to check whether the THP can be migrated at once and if that is not the case then it allocates a simple page to migrate. unmap_and_move then fixes that up by splitting the THP into small pages while moving the head page to the newly allocated order-0 page. Remaining pages are moved to the LRU list by split_huge_page. The same happens if the THP allocation fails. This is really ugly and error prone [2]. I also believe that split_huge_page to the LRU lists is inherently wrong because all tail pages are not migrated. Some callers will just work around that by retrying (e.g. memory hotplug). There are other pfn walkers which are simply broken though. e.g. madvise_inject_error will migrate head and then advances next pfn by the huge page size. do_move_page_to_node_array, queue_pages_range (migrate_pages, mbind), will simply split the THP before migration if the THP migration is not supported then falls back to single page migration but it doesn't handle tail pages if the THP migration path is not able to allocate a fresh THP so we end up with ENOMEM and fail the whole migration which is a questionable behavior. Page compaction doesn't try to migrate large pages so it should be immune. The first patch reworks do_pages_move which relies on a very ugly calling semantic when the return status is pushed to the migration path via private pointer. It uses pre allocated fixed size batching to achieve that. We simply cannot do the same if a THP is to be split during the migration path which is done in the patch 3. Patch 2 is follow up cleanup which removes the mentioned return status calling convention ugliness. On a side note: There are some semantic issues I have encountered on the way when working on patch 1 but I am not addressing them here. E.g. trying to move THP tail pages will result in either success or EBUSY (the later one more likely once we isolate head from the LRU list). Hugetlb reports EACCESS on tail pages. Some errors are reported via status parameter but migration failures are not even though the original `reason' argument suggests there was an intention to do so. From a quick look into git history this never worked. I have tried to keep the semantic unchanged. Then there is a relatively minor thing that the page isolation might fail because of pages not being on the LRU - e.g. because they are sitting on the per-cpu LRU caches. Easily fixable. This patch (of 3): do_pages_move is supposed to move user defined memory (an array of addresses) to the user defined numa nodes (an array of nodes one for each address). The user provided status array then contains resulting numa node for each address or an error. The semantic of this function is little bit confusing because only some errors are reported back. Notably migrate_pages error is only reported via the return value. This patch doesn't try to address these semantic nuances but rather change the underlying implementation. Currently we are processing user input (which can be really large) in batches which are stored to a temporarily allocated page. Each address is resolved to its struct page and stored to page_to_node structure along with the requested target numa node. The array of these structures is then conveyed down the page migration path via private argument. new_page_node then finds the corresponding structure and allocates the proper target page. What is the problem with the current implementation and why to change it? Apart from being quite ugly it also doesn't cope with unexpected pages showing up on the migration list inside migrate_pages path. That doesn't happen currently but the follow up patch would like to make the thp migration code more clear and that would need to split a THP into the list for some cases. How does the new implementation work? Well, instead of batching into a fixed size array we simply batch all pages that should be migrated to the same node and isolate all of them into a linked list which doesn't require any additional storage. This should work reasonably well because page migration usually migrates larger ranges of memory to a specific node. So the common case should work equally well as the current implementation. Even if somebody constructs an input where the target numa nodes would be interleaved we shouldn't see a large performance impact because page migration alone doesn't really benefit from batching. mmap_sem batching for the lookup is quite questionable and isolate_lru_page which would benefit from batching is not using it even in the current implementation. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180103082555.14592-2-mhocko@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrea Reale <ar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-04-02Merge branch 'syscalls-next' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brodo/linux Pull removal of in-kernel calls to syscalls from Dominik Brodowski: "System calls are interaction points between userspace and the kernel. Therefore, system call functions such as sys_xyzzy() or compat_sys_xyzzy() should only be called from userspace via the syscall table, but not from elsewhere in the kernel. At least on 64-bit x86, it will likely be a hard requirement from v4.17 onwards to not call system call functions in the kernel: It is better to use use a different calling convention for system calls there, where struct pt_regs is decoded on-the-fly in a syscall wrapper which then hands processing over to the actual syscall function. This means that only those parameters which are actually needed for a specific syscall are passed on during syscall entry, instead of filling in six CPU registers with random user space content all the time (which may cause serious trouble down the call chain). Those x86-specific patches will be pushed through the x86 tree in the near future. Moreover, rules on how data may be accessed may differ between kernel data and user data. This is another reason why calling sys_xyzzy() is generally a bad idea, and -- at most -- acceptable in arch-specific code. This patchset removes all in-kernel calls to syscall functions in the kernel with the exception of arch/. On top of this, it cleans up the three places where many syscalls are referenced or prototyped, namely kernel/sys_ni.c, include/linux/syscalls.h and include/linux/compat.h" * 'syscalls-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brodo/linux: (109 commits) bpf: whitelist all syscalls for error injection kernel/sys_ni: remove {sys_,sys_compat} from cond_syscall definitions kernel/sys_ni: sort cond_syscall() entries syscalls/x86: auto-create compat_sys_*() prototypes syscalls: sort syscall prototypes in include/linux/compat.h net: remove compat_sys_*() prototypes from net/compat.h syscalls: sort syscall prototypes in include/linux/syscalls.h kexec: move sys_kexec_load() prototype to syscalls.h x86/sigreturn: use SYSCALL_DEFINE0 x86: fix sys_sigreturn() return type to be long, not unsigned long x86/ioport: add ksys_ioperm() helper; remove in-kernel calls to sys_ioperm() mm: add ksys_readahead() helper; remove in-kernel calls to sys_readahead() mm: add ksys_mmap_pgoff() helper; remove in-kernel calls to sys_mmap_pgoff() mm: add ksys_fadvise64_64() helper; remove in-kernel call to sys_fadvise64_64() fs: add ksys_fallocate() wrapper; remove in-kernel calls to sys_fallocate() fs: add ksys_p{read,write}64() helpers; remove in-kernel calls to syscalls fs: add ksys_truncate() wrapper; remove in-kernel calls to sys_truncate() fs: add ksys_sync_file_range helper(); remove in-kernel calls to syscall kernel: add ksys_setsid() helper; remove in-kernel call to sys_setsid() kernel: add ksys_unshare() helper; remove in-kernel calls to sys_unshare() ...
2018-04-02mm: add kernel_[sg]et_mempolicy() helpers; remove in-kernel calls to syscallsDominik Brodowski
Using the mm-internal kernel_[sg]et_mempolicy() helper allows us to get rid of the mm-internal calls to the sys_[sg]et_mempolicy() syscalls. This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
2018-04-02mm: add kernel_mbind() helper; remove in-kernel call to syscallDominik Brodowski
Using the mm-internal kernel_mbind() helper allows us to get rid of the mm-internal call to the sys_mbind() syscall. This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
2018-04-02mm: add kernel_migrate_pages() helper, move compat syscall to mm/mempolicy.cDominik Brodowski
Move compat_sys_migrate_pages() to mm/mempolicy.c and make it call a newly introduced helper -- kernel_migrate_pages() -- instead of the syscall. This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
2018-03-22mm/mempolicy.c: avoid use uninitialized preferred_nodeYisheng Xie
Alexander reported a use of uninitialized memory in __mpol_equal(), which is caused by incorrect use of preferred_node. When mempolicy in mode MPOL_PREFERRED with flags MPOL_F_LOCAL, it uses numa_node_id() instead of preferred_node, however, __mpol_equal() uses preferred_node without checking whether it is MPOL_F_LOCAL or not. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: slight comment tweak] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4ebee1c2-57f6-bcb8-0e2d-1833d1ee0bb7@huawei.com Fixes: fc36b8d3d819 ("mempolicy: use MPOL_F_LOCAL to Indicate Preferred Local Policy") Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com> Reported-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Tested-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Dmitriy Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-01-31hugetlb, mbind: fall back to default policy if vma is NULLMichal Hocko
Dan Carpenter has noticed that mbind migration callback (new_page) can get a NULL vma pointer and choke on it inside alloc_huge_page_vma which relies on the VMA to get the hstate. We used to BUG_ON this case but the BUG_+ON has been removed recently by "hugetlb, mempolicy: fix the mbind hugetlb migration". The proper way to handle this is to get the hstate from the migrated page and rely on huge_node (resp. get_vma_policy) do the right thing with null VMA. We are currently falling back to the default mempolicy in that case which is in line what THP path is doing here. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180110104712.GR1732@dhcp22.suse.cz Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-01-31hugetlb, mempolicy: fix the mbind hugetlb migrationMichal Hocko
do_mbind migration code relies on alloc_huge_page_noerr for hugetlb pages. alloc_huge_page_noerr uses alloc_huge_page which is a highlevel allocation function which has to take care of reserves, overcommit or hugetlb cgroup accounting. None of that is really required for the page migration because the new page is only temporal and either will replace the original page or it will be dropped. This is essentially as for other migration call paths and there shouldn't be any reason to handle mbind in a special way. The current implementation is even suboptimal because the migration might fail just because the hugetlb cgroup limit is reached, or the overcommit is saturated. Fix this by making mbind like other hugetlb migration paths. Add a new migration helper alloc_huge_page_vma as a wrapper around alloc_huge_page_nodemask with additional mempolicy handling. alloc_huge_page_noerr has no more users and it can go. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180103093213.26329-7-mhocko@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Andrea Reale <ar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-01-31mm/mempolicy: add nodes_empty check in SYSC_migrate_pagesYisheng Xie
As in manpage of migrate_pages, the errno should be set to EINVAL when none of the node IDs specified by new_nodes are on-line and allowed by the process's current cpuset context, or none of the specified nodes contain memory. However, when test by following case: new_nodes = 0; old_nodes = 0xf; ret = migrate_pages(pid, old_nodes, new_nodes, MAX); The ret will be 0 and no errno is set. As the new_nodes is empty, we should expect EINVAL as documented. To fix the case like above, this patch check whether target nodes AND current task_nodes is empty, and then check whether AND node_states[N_MEMORY] is empty. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1510882624-44342-4-git-send-email-xieyisheng1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Chris Salls <salls@cs.ucsb.edu> Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Tan Xiaojun <tanxiaojun@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-01-31mm/mempolicy: fix the check of nodemask from userYisheng Xie
As Xiaojun reported the ltp of migrate_pages01 will fail on arm64 system which has 4 nodes[0...3], all have memory and CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT=2: migrate_pages01 0 TINFO : test_invalid_nodes migrate_pages01 14 TFAIL : migrate_pages_common.c:45: unexpected failure - returned value = 0, expected: -1 migrate_pages01 15 TFAIL : migrate_pages_common.c:55: call succeeded unexpectedly In this case the test_invalid_nodes of migrate_pages01 will call: SYSC_migrate_pages as: migrate_pages(0, , {0x0000000000000001}, 64, , {0x0000000000000010}, 64) = 0 The new nodes specifies one or more node IDs that are greater than the maximum supported node ID, however, the errno is not set to EINVAL as expected. As man pages of set_mempolicy[1], mbind[2], and migrate_pages[3] mentioned, when nodemask specifies one or more node IDs that are greater than the maximum supported node ID, the errno should set to EINVAL. However, get_nodes only check whether the part of bits [BITS_PER_LONG*BITS_TO_LONGS(MAX_NUMNODES), maxnode) is zero or not, and remain [MAX_NUMNODES, BITS_PER_LONG*BITS_TO_LONGS(MAX_NUMNODES) unchecked. This patch is to check the bits of [MAX_NUMNODES, maxnode) in get_nodes to let migrate_pages set the errno to EINVAL when nodemask specifies one or more node IDs that are greater than the maximum supported node ID, which follows the manpage's guide. [1] http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/set_mempolicy.2.html [2] http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mbind.2.html [3] http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/migrate_pages.2.html Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1510882624-44342-3-git-send-email-xieyisheng1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com> Reported-by: Tan Xiaojun <tanxiaojun@huawei.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Chris Salls <salls@cs.ucsb.edu> Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-01-31mm/mempolicy: remove redundant check in get_nodesYisheng Xie
We have already checked whether maxnode is a page worth of bits, by: maxnode > PAGE_SIZE*BITS_PER_BYTE So no need to check it once more. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1510882624-44342-2-git-send-email-xieyisheng1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Chris Salls <salls@cs.ucsb.edu> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Tan Xiaojun <tanxiaojun@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-15mm, sysctl: make NUMA stats configurableKemi Wang
This is the second step which introduces a tunable interface that allow numa stats configurable for optimizing zone_statistics(), as suggested by Dave Hansen and Ying Huang. ========================================================================= When page allocation performance becomes a bottleneck and you can tolerate some possible tool breakage and decreased numa counter precision, you can do: echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/numa_stat In this case, numa counter update is ignored. We can see about *4.8%*(185->176) drop of cpu cycles per single page allocation and reclaim on Jesper's page_bench01 (single thread) and *8.1%*(343->315) drop of cpu cycles per single page allocation and reclaim on Jesper's page_bench03 (88 threads) running on a 2-Socket Broadwell-based server (88 threads, 126G memory). Benchmark link provided by Jesper D Brouer (increase loop times to 10000000): https://github.com/netoptimizer/prototype-kernel/tree/master/kernel/mm/bench ========================================================================= When page allocation performance is not a bottleneck and you want all tooling to work, you can do: echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/numa_stat This is system default setting. Many thanks to Michal Hocko, Dave Hansen, Ying Huang and Vlastimil Babka for comments to help improve the original patch. [keescook@chromium.org: make sure mutex is a global static] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171107213809.GA4314@beast Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1508290927-8518-1-git-send-email-kemi.wang@intel.com Signed-off-by: Kemi Wang <kemi.wang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reported-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com> Suggested-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Suggested-by: Ying Huang <ying.huang@intel.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: "Luis R . Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com> Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-15Unify migrate_pages and move_pages access checksOtto Ebeling
Commit 197e7e521384 ("Sanitize 'move_pages()' permission checks") fixed a security issue I reported in the move_pages syscall, and made it so that you can't act on set-uid processes unless you have the CAP_SYS_PTRACE capability. Unify the access check logic of migrate_pages to match the new behavior of move_pages. We discussed this a bit in the security@ list and thought it'd be good for consistency even though there's no evident security impact. The NUMA node access checks are left intact and require CAP_SYS_NICE as before. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.11.1710011830320.6333@lakka.kapsi.fi Signed-off-by: Otto Ebeling <otto.ebeling@iki.fi> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-10-13mm/mempolicy: fix NUMA_INTERLEAVE_HIT counterAndrey Ryabinin
Commit 3a321d2a3dde ("mm: change the call sites of numa statistics items") separated NUMA counters from zone counters, but the NUMA_INTERLEAVE_HIT call site wasn't updated to use the new interface. So alloc_page_interleave() actually increments NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_FILE instead of NUMA_INTERLEAVE_HIT. Fix this by using __inc_numa_state() interface to increment NUMA_INTERLEAVE_HIT. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171003191003.8573-1-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com Fixes: 3a321d2a3dde ("mm: change the call sites of numa statistics items") Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Kemi Wang <kemi.wang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08mm/mempolicy.c: remove BUG_ON() checks for VMA inside mpol_misplaced()Anshuman Khandual
VMA and its address bounds checks are too late in this function. They must have been verified earlier in the page fault sequence. Hence just remove them. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170901130137.7617-1-khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08mm: remove useless vma parameter to offset_il_nodeLaurent Dufour
While reading the code I found that offset_il_node() has a vm_area_struct pointer parameter which is unused. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502899755-23146-1-git-send-email-ldufour@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08mm: mempolicy: mbind and migrate_pages support thp migrationNaoya Horiguchi
This patch enables thp migration for mbind(2) and migrate_pages(2). Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>