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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2016-06-07Shared library supportEmese Revfy
Infrastructure for building independent shared library targets. Based on work created by the PaX Team. Signed-off-by: Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
2015-02-19Merge branch 'kbuild' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild Pull kbuild updates from Michal Marek: - several cleanups in kbuild - serialize multiple *config targets so that 'make defconfig kvmconfig' works - The cc-ifversion macro got support for an else-branch * 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild: kbuild,gcov: simplify kernel/gcov/Makefile more kbuild: allow cc-ifversion to have the argument for false condition kbuild,gcov: simplify kernel/gcov/Makefile kbuild,gcov: remove unnecessary workaround kbuild: do not add $(call ...) to invoke cc-version or cc-fullversion kbuild: fix cc-ifversion macro kbuild: drop $(version_h) from MRPROPER_FILES kbuild: use mixed-targets when two or more config targets are given kbuild: remove redundant line from bounds.h/asm-offsets.h kbuild: merge bounds.h and asm-offsets.h rules kbuild: Drop support for clean-rule
2015-01-02kbuild: Fix removal of the debian/ directoryMichal Marek
scripts/Makefile.clean treats absolute path specially, but $(objtree)/debian is no longer an absolute path since 7e1c0477 (kbuild: Use relative path for $(objtree). Work around this by checking if the path starts with $(objtree)/. Reported-and-tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Fixes: 7e1c0477 (kbuild: Use relative path for $(objtree) Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2015-01-02kbuild: Drop support for clean-ruleMichal Marek
clean-rule has not been used since 94869f86 (kbuild: Accept absolute paths in clean-files and introduce clean-dirs) ten years ago. Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2014-11-26kbuild: Remove duplicate $(cmd) definition in Makefile.cleanMichal Marek
Makefile.clean includes Kbuild.include since commit 371fdc77 (kbuild: collect shorthands into scripts/Kbuild.include), so there is no need for a local copy. Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2014-11-26kbuild: collect shorthands into scripts/Kbuild.includeMasahiro Yamada
The shorthand "clean" is defined in both the top Makefile and scripts/Makefile.clean. Likewise, the "hdr-inst" is defined in both the top Makefile and scripts/Makefile.headersinst. To reduce code duplication, this commit collects them into scripts/Kbuild.include like the "build" and "modbuiltin" shorthands. It requires scripts/Makefile.clean to include scripts/Kbuild.include, but its impact on the performance of "make clean" should be negligible. Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2014-10-02kbuild: simplify build, clean, modbuiltin shorthandsMasahiro Yamada
$(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(srctree)/) was a useful strategy to omit a long absolute path for in-source-tree build prior to commit 890676c65d699db3ad82e7dddd0cf8fb449031af (kbuild: Use relative path when building in the source tree). Now $(srctree) is "." when building in the source tree. It would not be annoying to add "$(srctree)/" all the time. Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2014-10-02kbuild: remove obj-n and lib-n handlingMasahiro Yamada
Kconfig never defines CONFIG_* as 'n'. Now obj-n is only used in firmware/Makefile and it can be replaced with obj-. No makefile uses lib-n. Let's rip off obj-n and lib-n. Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com> Acked-by: Peter Foley <pefoley2@pefoley.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2014-07-03scripts/Makefile.clean: clean also $(extra-m) and $(extra-)Masahiro Yamada
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2010-03-11kbuild: Really don't clean bounds.h and asm-offsets.hMichal Marek
Commit 7d3cc8b tried to keep bounds.h and asm-offsets.h during make clean by filtering these out of $(clean-files), but they are listed in $(targets) and $(always) and thus removed automatically. Introduce a new $(no-clean-files) variable to really skip such files in Makefile.clean. Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2008-04-25kbuild: fix some minor typoesRobert P. J. Day
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2007-10-12kbuild: kill backward compatibility checksSam Ravnborg
These checks has been present for several kernel releases (> 5). So lets just get rid of them. With this we no longer check for use of: EXTRA_TARGETS, O_TARGET, L_TARGET, list-multi, export-objs There were three remaining in-tree users of O_TARGET in some unmaintained sh64 code - mail sent to the maintainer + list. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2006-03-06kbuild: change kbuild to not rely on incorrect GNU make behaviorPaul Smith
The kbuild system takes advantage of an incorrect behavior in GNU make. Once this behavior is fixed, all files in the kernel rebuild every time, even if nothing has changed. This patch ensures kbuild works with both the incorrect and correct behaviors of GNU make. For more details on the incorrect behavior, see: http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-make/2006-03/msg00003.html Changes in this patch: - Keep all targets that are to be marked .PHONY in a variable, PHONY. - Add .PHONY: $(PHONY) to mark them properly. - Remove any $(PHONY) files from the $? list when determining whether targets are up-to-date or not. Signed-off-by: Paul Smith <psmith@gnu.org> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2005-07-27kbuild: fix building external modulesSam Ravnborg
kbuild failed to locate Makefile for external modules. This brought to my attention how the variables for directories have different values in different usage scenarios. Different kbuild usage scenarios: make - plain make in same directory where kernel source lives make O= - kbuild is told to store output files in another directory make M= - building an external module make O= M= - building an external module with kernel output seperate from src Value assigned to the different variables: |$(src) |$(obj) |$(srctree) |$(objtree) make |reldir to k src |as src |abs path to k src |abs path to k src make O= |reldir to k src |as src |abs path to k src |abs path to output dir make M= |abs path to src |as src |abs path to k src |abs path to k src make O= M= |abs path to src |as src |abs path to k src |abs path to k output path to kbuild file: make | $(srctree)/$(src), $(src) make O= | $(srctree)/$(src) make M= | $(src) make O= M= | $(src) From the table above it can be seen that the only good way to find the home directory of the kbuild file is to locate the one of the two variants that is an absolute path. If $(src) is an absolute path (starts with /) then use it, otherwise prefix $(src) with $(srctree). Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2005-07-25kbuild: define clean before including kbuild fileSam Ravnborg
Defining clean before including the kbuild file give us knowledge when the kbuild file is included for cleaning. This is rarey usefull - but in a corner case in klibc this proved necessary. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> ---
2005-07-25kbuild: fix make O=...Sam Ravnborg
kbuild failed to locate Kbuild.include. Teach kbuild how to find Kbuild files when using make O=... Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> ---
2005-04-16Linux-2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!