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2020-12-18ALSA: memalloc: Align buffer allocations in page sizeTakashi Iwai
Currently the standard memory allocator (snd_dma_malloc_pages*()) passes the byte size to allocate as is. Most of the backends allocates real pages, hence the actual allocations are aligned in page size. However, the genalloc doesn't seem assuring the size alignment, hence it may result in the access outside the buffer when the whole memory pages are exposed via mmap. For avoiding such inconsistencies, this patch makes the allocation size always to be aligned in page size. Note that, after this change, snd_dma_buffer.bytes field contains the aligned size, not the originally requested size. This value is also used for releasing the pages in return. Reviewed-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201218145625.2045-2-tiwai@suse.de Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2020-12-17ALSA: core: memalloc: add page alignment for iramRobin Gong
Since mmap for userspace is based on page alignment, add page alignment for iram alloc from pool, otherwise, some good data located in the same page of dmab->area maybe touched wrongly by userspace like pulseaudio. Signed-off-by: Robin Gong <yibin.gong@nxp.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1608221747-3474-1-git-send-email-yibin.gong@nxp.com Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2020-09-03ALSA: core: memalloc: fix fallthrough positionPierre-Louis Bossart
Fix cppcheck, the fallthrough only makes sense within the conditional block sound/core/memalloc.c:161:3: style:inconclusive: Statements following return, break, continue, goto or throw will never be executed. [unreachableCode] fallthrough; ^ Signed-off-by: Pierre-Louis Bossart <pierre-louis.bossart@linux.intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200902212133.30964-3-pierre-louis.bossart@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2020-07-09ALSA: Use fallthrough pseudo-keywordGustavo A. R. Silva
Replace the existing /* fall through */ comments and its variants with the new pseudo-keyword macro fallthrough[1]. Also, remove unnecessary fall-through markings when it is the case. [1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/deprecated.html?highlight=fallthrough#implicit-switch-case-fall-through Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200708203236.GA5112@embeddedor Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2020-06-15ALSA: memalloc: Initialize all fields of snd_dma_buffer properlyTakashi Iwai
Some fields in snd_dma_buffer aren't touched in snd_dma_alloc_pages() and might be left uninitialized. Let's clear all fields properly, so that we can use a NULL check (e.g. dmab->private_data) as conditional in a later patch. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200615160045.2703-3-tiwai@suse.de Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2020-06-02mm: remove the pgprot argument to __vmallocChristoph Hellwig
The pgprot argument to __vmalloc is always PAGE_KERNEL now, so remove it. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Michael Kelley <mikelley@microsoft.com> [hyperv] Acked-by: Gao Xiang <xiang@kernel.org> [erofs] Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr> Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch> Cc: David Airlie <airlied@linux.ie> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com> Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Cc: Sakari Ailus <sakari.ailus@linux.intel.com> Cc: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com> Cc: Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@linaro.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200414131348.444715-22-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-11-06ALSA: memalloc: Add vmalloc buffer allocation supportTakashi Iwai
This patch adds the vmalloc buffer support to ALSA memalloc core. A new type, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_VMALLOC was added. The vmalloc buffer has been already supported in the PCM via a few own helper functions, but the user sometimes get confused and misuse them. With this patch, the whole buffer management is integrated into the memalloc core, so they can be used in a sole common way. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191105080138.1260-3-tiwai@suse.de Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2019-11-06ALSA: memalloc: Allow NULL device for SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_CONTINUOUS typeTakashi Iwai
Currently we pass the artificial device pointer to the allocation helper in the case of SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_CONTINUOUS for passing the GFP flags. But all common cases are the allocations with GFP_KERNEL, and it's messy to put this in each place. In this patch, the memalloc core helper is changed to accept the NULL device pointer and it treats as the default mode, GFP_KERNEL, so that all callers can omit the complex argument but just leave NULL. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191105080138.1260-2-tiwai@suse.de Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2019-05-30treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 156Thomas Gleixner
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s): this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at your option any later version this program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose see the gnu general public license for more details you should have received a copy of the gnu general public license along with this program if not write to the free software foundation inc 59 temple place suite 330 boston ma 02111 1307 usa extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier GPL-2.0-or-later has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 1334 file(s). Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net> Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com> Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527070033.113240726@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2019-03-27ALSA: Replace snd_malloc_pages() and snd_free_pages() with standard helpers, ↵Takashi Iwai
take#2 snd_malloc_pages() and snd_free_pages() are merely thin wrappers of the standard page allocator / free functions. Even the arguments are compatible with some standard helpers, so there is little merit of keeping these wrappers. This patch replaces the all existing callers of snd_malloc_pages() and snd_free_pages() with the direct calls of the standard helper functions. In this version, we use a recently introduced one, alloc_pages_exact(), which suits better than the old snd_malloc_pages() implementation for our purposes. Then we can avoid the waste of pages by alignment to power-of-two. Since alloc_pages_exact() does split pages, we need no longer __GFP_COMP flag; or better to say, we must not pass __GFP_COMP to alloc_pages_exact(). So the former unconditional addition of __GFP_COMP flag in snd_malloc_pages() is dropped, as well as in most other places. Reviewed-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2019-02-05ALSA: core: Don't allow NULL device for memory allocationTakashi Iwai
Since we covered all callers with NULL device pointer, let's catch the remaining calls with NULL and warn explicitly. Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2018-10-12ALSA: memalloc: Add fall-through annotationTakashi Iwai
As a preparatory patch for the upcoming -Wimplicit-fallthrough compiler checks, add the "fall through" annotation in snd_dma_alloc_pages(). Note that this seems necessary to be put exactly before the next label, so it's outside the ifdef block. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2018-08-28ALSA: memalloc: Add non-cached buffer typeTakashi Iwai
In some cases (mainly for x86), we need the DMA coherent buffer with non-cached pages. Although this has been done in each driver side like HD-audio and intel8x0, it can be done cleaner in the core memory allocator. This patch adds the new types, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_UC and SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_UC_SG, for allocating such non-cached buffer pages. On non-x86 architectures, they work as same as the standard SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV and *_SG. One additional change by this move is that we can assure to pass the non-cached pgprot to the vmapped buffer, too. It eventually fixes the case like non-snoop mode without mmap access on HD-audio. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2018-08-28ALSA: memalloc: Simplify snd_malloc_dev_pages() callsTakashi Iwai
snd_malloc_dev_pages() and snd_free_dev_pages() are local functions and the parameters passed there are all contained in snd_dma_buffer object. As a code-simplification, pass snd_dma_buffer object and assign the address there like other allocators do (except for snd_malloc_pages() which is called from outside, hence we can't change easily). Only code refactoring, no functional changes. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2018-08-28ALSA: memalloc: Don't align the size to power-of-twoTakashi Iwai
The size passed to dma_alloc_coherent() doesn't have to be aligned with power-of-two, rather it should be the raw size. As a minor optimization, remove the size adjustment in the current code. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2018-07-23ALSA: memalloc: Don't exceed over the requested sizeTakashi Iwai
snd_dma_alloc_pages_fallback() tries to allocate pages again when the allocation fails with reduced size. But the first try actually *increases* the size to power-of-two, which may give back a larger chunk than the requested size. This confuses the callers, e.g. sgbuf assumes that the size is equal or less, and it may result in a bad loop due to the underflow and eventually lead to Oops. The code of this function seems incorrectly assuming the usage of get_order(). We need to decrease at first, then align to power-of-two. Reported-and-tested-by: he, bo <bo.he@intel.com> Reported-by: zhang jun <jun.zhang@intel.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2017-06-16ALSA: core: Follow standard EXPORT_SYMBOL() declarationsTakashi Iwai
Just a tidy up to follow the standard EXPORT_SYMBOL*() declarations in order to improve grep-ability. - Move EXPORT_SYMBOL*() to the position right after its definition - Remove superfluous blank line before EXPORT_SYMBOL*() lines Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2015-06-30genalloc: rename of_get_named_gen_pool() to of_gen_pool_get()Vladimir Zapolskiy
To be consistent with other kernel interface namings, rename of_get_named_gen_pool() to of_gen_pool_get(). In the original function name "_named" suffix references to a device tree property, which contains a phandle to a device and the corresponding device driver is assumed to register a gen_pool object. Due to a weak relation and to avoid any confusion (e.g. in future possible scenario if gen_pool objects are named) the suffix is removed. [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: crypto/marvell/cesa - fix up for of_get_named_gen_pool() rename] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Zapolskiy <vladimir_zapolskiy@mentor.com> Cc: Nicolas Ferre <nicolas.ferre@atmel.com> Cc: Philipp Zabel <p.zabel@pengutronix.de> Cc: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org> Cc: Sascha Hauer <kernel@pengutronix.de> Cc: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@free-electrons.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@osg.samsung.com> Cc: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com> Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz> Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Boris BREZILLON <boris.brezillon@free-electrons.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-02-14ALSA: core: Use standard printk helpersTakashi Iwai
Use dev_err() & co as much as possible. If not available (no device assigned at the calling point), use pr_xxx() helpers instead. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2014-01-09ALSA: Merge memalloc code into snd-pcm moduleTakashi Iwai
Instead of keeping a separate snd-page-alloc module, merge into the core snd-pcm module, as we don't need to keep it as an individual module due to the drop of page reservation. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2014-01-09ALSA: Remove superfluous header inclusions in memalloc.cTakashi Iwai
After cutting off the proc and page reservation codes, we don't need many headers any longer. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2014-01-09ALSA: Remove memory reservation code from memalloc helperTakashi Iwai
Nowadays we have CMA for obtaining the contiguous memory pages efficiently. Let's kill the old kludge for reserving the memory pages for large buffers. It was rarely useful (only for preserving pages among module reloading or a little help by an early boot scripting), used only by a couple of drivers, and yet it gives too much ugliness than its benefit. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2014-01-09ALSA: Remove memory accounting in memalloc helperTakashi Iwai
It's almost superfluous, and doesn't help much for real uses. Let's reduce the layer size. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2013-11-15sound/core/memalloc.c: use gen_pool_dma_alloc() to allocate iram bufferNicolin Chen
Since gen_pool_dma_alloc() is introduced, we implement it to simplify code. Signed-off-by: Nicolin Chen <b42378@freescale.com> Acked-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-10-29ALSA: memalloc: NULL-initialize in snd_malloc_dev_iram()Takashi Iwai
dmab->area and addr fields should be cleared at the head of snd_malloc_dev_iram() as especially dmab->area is used to indicate the allocation failure / fallback. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2013-10-29ALSA: memalloc: Make snd_{malloc|free}_dev_iram() staticTakashi Iwai
These are used only locally. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2013-10-28ALSA: memalloc: Yet another ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_ALLOCATOR protectionTakashi Iwai
I obviously forgot to merge the right version... Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2013-10-24ALSA: Add ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_ALLOCATOR for SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_IRAM codeTakashi Iwai
It turned out that we can't use gen_pool_*() functions on archs without CONFIG_GENERIC_ALLOCATOR (resulting in missing symbols), since linux/genalloc.h doesn't provide dummy functions for all. We'd be able to fix linux/genalloc.h size, but I take an easier path for now... Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2013-10-24ALSA: Add SoC on-chip internal ram support for DMA buffer allocationNicolin Chen
Now it's quite common that an SoC contains its on-chip internal RAM. By using this RAM space for DMA buffer during audio playback/record, we can shutdown the voltage for external RAM to save power. So add new DEV type with iram malloc()/free() and accordingly modify current default mmap() for the iram circumstance. Signed-off-by: Nicolin Chen <b42378@freescale.com> Reviewed-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2013-03-12ALSA: add/change some comments describing function return valuesYacine Belkadi
script/kernel-doc reports the following type of warnings (when run in verbose mode): Warning(sound/core/init.c:152): No description found for return value of 'snd_card_create' To fix that: - add missing descriptions of function return values - use "Return:" sections to describe those return values Along the way: - complete some descriptions - fix some typos Signed-off-by: Yacine Belkadi <yacine.belkadi.1@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2011-09-27treewide: Correct spelling of successfully in commentsJoe Perches
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2011-02-14ALSA: core: sparse cleanupsClemens Ladisch
Change the core code where sparse complains. In most cases, this means just adding annotations to confirm that we indeed want to do the dirty things we're doing. Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2009-07-08ALSA: Fix SG-buffer DMA with non-coherent architecturesTakashi Iwai
Using SG-buffers with dma_alloc_coherent() is often very inefficient on non-coherent architectures because a tracking record could be allocated in addition for each dma_alloc_coherent() call. Instead, simply disable SG-buffers but just allocate normal continuous buffers on non-supported (currently all but x86) architectures. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2008-10-11Merge branch 'master' of ↵David S. Miller
master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6 Conflicts: sound/core/memalloc.c
2008-08-29alsa: Remove special SBUS dma support code.David S. Miller
No longer used. Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-29sparc: Convert all SBUS drivers to dma_*() interfaces.David S. Miller
And all the SBUS dma interfaces are deleted. A private implementation remains inside of the 32-bit sparc port which exists only for the sake of the implementation of dma_*(). Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-29sparc: Make SBUS DMA interfaces take struct device.David S. Miller
This is the first step in converting all the SBUS drivers over to generic dma_*(). Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-25ALSA: Fix allocation size calculation in snd_dma_alloc_pages_fallback()Takashi Iwai
snd_dma_alloc_pages_fallback() always tries to reduce the size in a half, but it's not good when the given size isn't a power-of-two. Check it first then try to align. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
2008-08-25ALSA: Clean up SG-buffer helper functions and macrosTakashi Iwai
Clean up SG-buffer helper functions and macros. Helpers take substream as arguments now. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
2008-08-13ALSA: Kill snd_assert() in sound/core/*Takashi Iwai
Kill snd_assert() in sound/core/*, either removed or replaced with if () with snd_BUG_ON(). Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
2008-05-19[ALSA] Remove unneeded ugly hack for i386 in memalloc.cTakashi Iwai
The hack for dma_alloc_coherent() is no longer needed on 2.6.26 since the base code was improved. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
2008-04-29sound: use non-racy method for /proc/driver/snd-page-alloc creationDenis V. Lunev
Use proc_create() to make sure that ->proc_fops be setup before gluing PDE to main tree. Signed-off-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz> Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-01-31[ALSA] sound/core/memalloc.c: Add missing pci_dev_putJulia Lawall
There should be a pci_dev_put when breaking out of a loop that iterates over calls to pci_get_device and similar functions. In this case, the return under the initial if needs a pci_dev_put in the same way that the return under the subsequent for loop has a pci_dev_put. This was fixed using the following semantic patch. // <smpl> @@ type T; identifier d; expression e; @@ T *d; ... while ((d = \(pci_get_device\|pci_get_device_reverse\|pci_get_subsys\|pci_get_class\)(..., d)) != NULL) {... when != pci_dev_put(d) when != e = d ( return d; | + pci_dev_put(d); ? return ...; ) ...} // </smpl> Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
2007-10-16[ALSA] Changed Jaroslav Kysela's e-mail from perex@suse.cz to perex@perex.czJaroslav Kysela
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
2007-10-16[ALSA] Fix build error without CONFIG_HAS_DMATakashi Iwai
The recent change of include/asm-generic/dma-mapping-broken.h breaks the build without CONFIG_HAS_DMA. This patch is an ad hoc fix. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
2007-09-24Convert snd-page-alloc proc file to use seq_fileTakashi Iwai
Use seq_file for the proc file read/write of snd-page-alloc module. This automatically fixes bugs in the old proc code. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-02-09[ALSA] alsa core: convert to list_for_each_entry*Johannes Berg
This patch converts most uses of list_for_each to list_for_each_entry all across alsa. In some place apparently an item can be on a list with different pointers so of course that isn't compatible with list_for_each, I therefore didn't touch those places. Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
2006-06-30Remove obsolete #include <linux/config.h>Jörn Engel
Signed-off-by: Jörn Engel <joern@wohnheim.fh-wedel.de> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
2006-03-22[ALSA] Removed unneeded page-reserveTakashi Iwai
Modules: Memalloc module Removed unneeded page-reservation. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2006-03-22[ALSA] Use dma_alloc_coherent() hack on i386 onlyTakashi Iwai
Modules: Memalloc module Use dma_alloc_coherent() hack on i386 only (as a valid arch). Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>