From 24726275612140af6b1c0afc7c6611ad66233207 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Eric DeVolder Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2023 17:44:40 -0400 Subject: crash: add generic infrastructure for crash hotplug support MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit To support crash hotplug, a mechanism is needed to update the crash elfcorehdr upon CPU or memory changes (eg. hot un/plug or off/ onlining). The crash elfcorehdr describes the CPUs and memory to be written into the vmcore. To track CPU changes, callbacks are registered with the cpuhp mechanism via cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN). The crash hotplug elfcorehdr update has no explicit ordering requirement (relative to other cpuhp states), so meets the criteria for utilizing CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN. CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN is a dynamic state and avoids the need to introduce a new state for crash hotplug. Also, CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN is the last state in the PREPARE group, just prior to the STARTING group, which is very close to the CPU starting up in a plug/online situation, or stopping in a unplug/ offline situation. This minimizes the window of time during an actual plug/online or unplug/offline situation in which the elfcorehdr would be inaccurate. Note that for a CPU being unplugged or offlined, the CPU will still be present in the list of CPUs generated by crash_prepare_elf64_headers(). However, there is no need to explicitly omit the CPU, see justification in 'crash: change crash_prepare_elf64_headers() to for_each_possible_cpu()'. To track memory changes, a notifier is registered to capture the memblock MEM_ONLINE and MEM_OFFLINE events via register_memory_notifier(). The CPU callbacks and memory notifiers invoke crash_handle_hotplug_event() which performs needed tasks and then dispatches the event to the architecture specific arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event() to update the elfcorehdr with the current state of CPUs and memory. During the process, the kexec_lock is held. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230814214446.6659-3-eric.devolder@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Eric DeVolder Reviewed-by: Sourabh Jain Acked-by: Hari Bathini Acked-by: Baoquan He Cc: Akhil Raj Cc: Bjorn Helgaas Cc: Borislav Petkov (AMD) Cc: Boris Ostrovsky Cc: Dave Hansen Cc: Dave Young Cc: David Hildenbrand Cc: Eric W. Biederman Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" Cc: Ingo Molnar Cc: Jonathan Corbet Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk Cc: Mimi Zohar Cc: Naveen N. Rao Cc: Oscar Salvador Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" Cc: Sean Christopherson Cc: Takashi Iwai Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: Thomas Weißschuh Cc: Valentin Schneider Cc: Vivek Goyal Cc: Vlastimil Babka Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton --- include/linux/crash_core.h | 7 +++ include/linux/kexec.h | 11 ++++ kernel/Kconfig.kexec | 31 ++++++++++ kernel/crash_core.c | 142 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ kernel/kexec_core.c | 6 ++ 5 files changed, 197 insertions(+) diff --git a/include/linux/crash_core.h b/include/linux/crash_core.h index 1e48b1d96404..0c06561bf5ff 100644 --- a/include/linux/crash_core.h +++ b/include/linux/crash_core.h @@ -104,4 +104,11 @@ extern int crash_prepare_elf64_headers(struct crash_mem *mem, int need_kernel_ma struct kimage; struct kexec_segment; +#define KEXEC_CRASH_HP_NONE 0 +#define KEXEC_CRASH_HP_ADD_CPU 1 +#define KEXEC_CRASH_HP_REMOVE_CPU 2 +#define KEXEC_CRASH_HP_ADD_MEMORY 3 +#define KEXEC_CRASH_HP_REMOVE_MEMORY 4 +#define KEXEC_CRASH_HP_INVALID_CPU -1U + #endif /* LINUX_CRASH_CORE_H */ diff --git a/include/linux/kexec.h b/include/linux/kexec.h index fb4350db33ff..df395f888915 100644 --- a/include/linux/kexec.h +++ b/include/linux/kexec.h @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ extern note_buf_t __percpu *crash_notes; #include #include #include +#include #include /* Verify architecture specific macros are defined */ @@ -345,6 +346,12 @@ struct kimage { struct purgatory_info purgatory_info; #endif +#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG + int hp_action; + int elfcorehdr_index; + bool elfcorehdr_updated; +#endif + #ifdef CONFIG_IMA_KEXEC /* Virtual address of IMA measurement buffer for kexec syscall */ void *ima_buffer; @@ -475,6 +482,10 @@ static inline int arch_kexec_post_alloc_pages(void *vaddr, unsigned int pages, g static inline void arch_kexec_pre_free_pages(void *vaddr, unsigned int pages) { } #endif +#ifndef arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event +static inline void arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event(struct kimage *image) { } +#endif + #else /* !CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE */ struct pt_regs; struct task_struct; diff --git a/kernel/Kconfig.kexec b/kernel/Kconfig.kexec index 701cd5336f4f..727190571544 100644 --- a/kernel/Kconfig.kexec +++ b/kernel/Kconfig.kexec @@ -112,4 +112,35 @@ config CRASH_DUMP For s390, this option also enables zfcpdump. See also +config CRASH_HOTPLUG + bool "Update the crash elfcorehdr on system configuration changes" + default y + depends on CRASH_DUMP && (HOTPLUG_CPU || MEMORY_HOTPLUG) + depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_CRASH_HOTPLUG + help + Enable direct update to the crash elfcorehdr (which contains + the list of CPUs and memory regions to be dumped upon a crash) + in response to hot plug/unplug or online/offline of CPUs or + memory. This is a much more advanced approach than userspace + attempting that. + + If unsure, say Y. + +config CRASH_MAX_MEMORY_RANGES + int "Specify the maximum number of memory regions for the elfcorehdr" + default 8192 + depends on CRASH_HOTPLUG + help + For the kexec_file_load() syscall path, specify the maximum number of + memory regions that the elfcorehdr buffer/segment can accommodate. + These regions are obtained via walk_system_ram_res(); eg. the + 'System RAM' entries in /proc/iomem. + This value is combined with NR_CPUS_DEFAULT and multiplied by + sizeof(Elf64_Phdr) to determine the final elfcorehdr memory buffer/ + segment size. + The value 8192, for example, covers a (sparsely populated) 1TiB system + consisting of 128MiB memblocks, while resulting in an elfcorehdr + memory buffer/segment size under 1MiB. This represents a sane choice + to accommodate both baremetal and virtual machine configurations. + endmenu diff --git a/kernel/crash_core.c b/kernel/crash_core.c index 336083fba623..40388ad51034 100644 --- a/kernel/crash_core.c +++ b/kernel/crash_core.c @@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ #include #include #include +#include +#include #include #include @@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ #include #include "kallsyms_internal.h" +#include "kexec_internal.h" /* Per cpu memory for storing cpu states in case of system crash. */ note_buf_t __percpu *crash_notes; @@ -733,3 +736,142 @@ static int __init crash_notes_memory_init(void) return 0; } subsys_initcall(crash_notes_memory_init); + +#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG +#undef pr_fmt +#define pr_fmt(fmt) "crash hp: " fmt +/* + * To accurately reflect hot un/plug changes of cpu and memory resources + * (including onling and offlining of those resources), the elfcorehdr + * (which is passed to the crash kernel via the elfcorehdr= parameter) + * must be updated with the new list of CPUs and memories. + * + * In order to make changes to elfcorehdr, two conditions are needed: + * First, the segment containing the elfcorehdr must be large enough + * to permit a growing number of resources; the elfcorehdr memory size + * is based on NR_CPUS_DEFAULT and CRASH_MAX_MEMORY_RANGES. + * Second, purgatory must explicitly exclude the elfcorehdr from the + * list of segments it checks (since the elfcorehdr changes and thus + * would require an update to purgatory itself to update the digest). + */ +static void crash_handle_hotplug_event(unsigned int hp_action, unsigned int cpu) +{ + struct kimage *image; + + /* Obtain lock while changing crash information */ + if (!kexec_trylock()) { + pr_info("kexec_trylock() failed, elfcorehdr may be inaccurate\n"); + return; + } + + /* Check kdump is not loaded */ + if (!kexec_crash_image) + goto out; + + image = kexec_crash_image; + + if (hp_action == KEXEC_CRASH_HP_ADD_CPU || + hp_action == KEXEC_CRASH_HP_REMOVE_CPU) + pr_debug("hp_action %u, cpu %u\n", hp_action, cpu); + else + pr_debug("hp_action %u\n", hp_action); + + /* + * The elfcorehdr_index is set to -1 when the struct kimage + * is allocated. Find the segment containing the elfcorehdr, + * if not already found. + */ + if (image->elfcorehdr_index < 0) { + unsigned long mem; + unsigned char *ptr; + unsigned int n; + + for (n = 0; n < image->nr_segments; n++) { + mem = image->segment[n].mem; + ptr = kmap_local_page(pfn_to_page(mem >> PAGE_SHIFT)); + if (ptr) { + /* The segment containing elfcorehdr */ + if (memcmp(ptr, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0) + image->elfcorehdr_index = (int)n; + kunmap_local(ptr); + } + } + } + + if (image->elfcorehdr_index < 0) { + pr_err("unable to locate elfcorehdr segment"); + goto out; + } + + /* Needed in order for the segments to be updated */ + arch_kexec_unprotect_crashkres(); + + /* Differentiate between normal load and hotplug update */ + image->hp_action = hp_action; + + /* Now invoke arch-specific update handler */ + arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event(image); + + /* No longer handling a hotplug event */ + image->hp_action = KEXEC_CRASH_HP_NONE; + image->elfcorehdr_updated = true; + + /* Change back to read-only */ + arch_kexec_protect_crashkres(); + + /* Errors in the callback is not a reason to rollback state */ +out: + /* Release lock now that update complete */ + kexec_unlock(); +} + +static int crash_memhp_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val, void *v) +{ + switch (val) { + case MEM_ONLINE: + crash_handle_hotplug_event(KEXEC_CRASH_HP_ADD_MEMORY, + KEXEC_CRASH_HP_INVALID_CPU); + break; + + case MEM_OFFLINE: + crash_handle_hotplug_event(KEXEC_CRASH_HP_REMOVE_MEMORY, + KEXEC_CRASH_HP_INVALID_CPU); + break; + } + return NOTIFY_OK; +} + +static struct notifier_block crash_memhp_nb = { + .notifier_call = crash_memhp_notifier, + .priority = 0 +}; + +static int crash_cpuhp_online(unsigned int cpu) +{ + crash_handle_hotplug_event(KEXEC_CRASH_HP_ADD_CPU, cpu); + return 0; +} + +static int crash_cpuhp_offline(unsigned int cpu) +{ + crash_handle_hotplug_event(KEXEC_CRASH_HP_REMOVE_CPU, cpu); + return 0; +} + +static int __init crash_hotplug_init(void) +{ + int result = 0; + + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG)) + register_memory_notifier(&crash_memhp_nb); + + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU)) { + result = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN, + "crash/cpuhp", crash_cpuhp_online, crash_cpuhp_offline); + } + + return result; +} + +subsys_initcall(crash_hotplug_init); +#endif diff --git a/kernel/kexec_core.c b/kernel/kexec_core.c index 4ff564bbd8d8..9dc728982d79 100644 --- a/kernel/kexec_core.c +++ b/kernel/kexec_core.c @@ -274,6 +274,12 @@ struct kimage *do_kimage_alloc_init(void) /* Initialize the list of unusable pages */ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&image->unusable_pages); +#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG + image->hp_action = KEXEC_CRASH_HP_NONE; + image->elfcorehdr_index = -1; + image->elfcorehdr_updated = false; +#endif + return image; } -- cgit