// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "internal.h" struct memory_tier { /* hierarchy of memory tiers */ struct list_head list; /* list of all memory types part of this tier */ struct list_head memory_types; /* * start value of abstract distance. memory tier maps * an abstract distance range, * adistance_start .. adistance_start + MEMTIER_CHUNK_SIZE */ int adistance_start; struct device dev; /* All the nodes that are part of all the lower memory tiers. */ nodemask_t lower_tier_mask; }; struct demotion_nodes { nodemask_t preferred; }; struct node_memory_type_map { struct memory_dev_type *memtype; int map_count; }; static DEFINE_MUTEX(memory_tier_lock); static LIST_HEAD(memory_tiers); static struct node_memory_type_map node_memory_types[MAX_NUMNODES]; struct memory_dev_type *default_dram_type; static struct bus_type memory_tier_subsys = { .name = "memory_tiering", .dev_name = "memory_tier", }; #ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION static int top_tier_adistance; /* * node_demotion[] examples: * * Example 1: * * Node 0 & 1 are CPU + DRAM nodes, node 2 & 3 are PMEM nodes. * * node distances: * node 0 1 2 3 * 0 10 20 30 40 * 1 20 10 40 30 * 2 30 40 10 40 * 3 40 30 40 10 * * memory_tiers0 = 0-1 * memory_tiers1 = 2-3 * * node_demotion[0].preferred = 2 * node_demotion[1].preferred = 3 * node_demotion[2].preferred = * node_demotion[3].preferred = * * Example 2: * * Node 0 & 1 are CPU + DRAM nodes, node 2 is memory-only DRAM node. * * node distances: * node 0 1 2 * 0 10 20 30 * 1 20 10 30 * 2 30 30 10 * * memory_tiers0 = 0-2 * * node_demotion[0].preferred = * node_demotion[1].preferred = * node_demotion[2].preferred = * * Example 3: * * Node 0 is CPU + DRAM nodes, Node 1 is HBM node, node 2 is PMEM node. * * node distances: * node 0 1 2 * 0 10 20 30 * 1 20 10 40 * 2 30 40 10 * * memory_tiers0 = 1 * memory_tiers1 = 0 * memory_tiers2 = 2 * * node_demotion[0].preferred = 2 * node_demotion[1].preferred = 0 * node_demotion[2].preferred = * */ static struct demotion_nodes *node_demotion __read_mostly; #endif /* CONFIG_MIGRATION */ static BLOCKING_NOTIFIER_HEAD(mt_adistance_algorithms); static bool default_dram_perf_error; static struct access_coordinate default_dram_perf; static int default_dram_perf_ref_nid = NUMA_NO_NODE; static const char *default_dram_perf_ref_source; static inline struct memory_tier *to_memory_tier(struct device *device) { return container_of(device, struct memory_tier, dev); } static __always_inline nodemask_t get_memtier_nodemask(struct memory_tier *memtier) { nodemask_t nodes = NODE_MASK_NONE; struct memory_dev_type *memtype; list_for_each_entry(memtype, &memtier->memory_types, tier_sibling) nodes_or(nodes, nodes, memtype->nodes); return nodes; } static void memory_tier_device_release(struct device *dev) { struct memory_tier *tier = to_memory_tier(dev); /* * synchronize_rcu in clear_node_memory_tier makes sure * we don't have rcu access to this memory tier. */ kfree(tier); } static ssize_t nodelist_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) { int ret; nodemask_t nmask; mutex_lock(&memory_tier_lock); nmask = get_memtier_nodemask(to_memory_tier(dev)); ret = sysfs_emit(buf, "%*pbl\n", nodemask_pr_args(&nmask)); mutex_unlock(&memory_tier_lock); return ret; } static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(nodelist); static struct attribute *memtier_dev_attrs[] = { &dev_attr_nodelist.attr, NULL }; static const struct attribute_group memtier_dev_group = { .attrs = memtier_dev_attrs, }; static const struct attribute_group *memtier_dev_groups[] = { &memtier_dev_group, NULL }; static struct memory_tier *find_create_memory_tier(struct memory_dev_type *memtype) { int ret; bool found_slot = false; struct memory_tier *memtier, *new_memtier; int adistance = memtype->adistance; unsigned int memtier_adistance_chunk_size = MEMTIER_CHUNK_SIZE; lockdep_assert_held_once(&memory_tier_lock); adistance = round_down(adistance, memtier_adistance_chunk_size); /* * If the memtype is already part of a memory tier, * just return that. */ if (!list_empty(&memtype->tier_sibling)) { list_for_each_entry(memtier, &memory_tiers, list) { if (adistance == memtier->adistance_start) return memtier; } WARN_ON(1); return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); } list_for_each_entry(memtier, &memory_tiers, list) { if (adistance == memtier->adistance_start) { goto link_memtype; } else if (adistance < memtier->adistance_start) { found_slot = true; break; } } new_memtier = kzalloc(sizeof(struct memory_tier), GFP_KERNEL); if (!new_memtier) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); new_memtier->adistance_start = adistance; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new_memtier->list); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new_memtier->memory_types); if (found_slot) list_add_tail(&new_memtier->list, &memtier->list); else list_add_tail(&new_memtier->list, &memory_tiers); new_memtier->dev.id = adistance >> MEMTIER_CHUNK_BITS; new_memtier->dev.bus = &memory_tier_subsys; new_memtier->dev.release = memory_tier_device_release; new_memtier->dev.groups = memtier_dev_groups; ret = device_register(&new_memtier->dev); if (ret) { list_del(&new_memtier->list); put_device(&new_memtier->dev); return ERR_PTR(ret); } memtier = new_memtier; link_memtype: list_add(&memtype->tier_sibling, &memtier->memory_types); return memtier; } static struct memory_tier *__node_get_memory_tier(int node) { pg_data_t *pgdat; pgdat = NODE_DATA(node); if (!pgdat) return NULL; /* * Since we hold memory_tier_lock, we can avoid * RCU read locks when accessing the details. No * parallel updates are possible here. */ return rcu_dereference_check(pgdat->memtier, lockdep_is_held(&memory_tier_lock)); } #ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION bool node_is_toptier(int node) { bool toptier; pg_data_t *pgdat; struct memory_tier *memtier; pgdat = NODE_DATA(node); if (!pgdat) return false; rcu_read_lock(); memtier = rcu_dereference(pgdat->memtier); if (!memtier) { toptier = true; goto out; } if (memtier->adistance_start <= top_tier_adistance) toptier = true; else toptier = false; out: rcu_read_unlock(); return toptier; } void node_get_allowed_targets(pg_data_t *pgdat, nodemask_t *targets) { struct memory_tier *memtier; /* * pg_data_t.memtier updates includes a synchronize_rcu() * which ensures that we either find NULL or a valid memtier * in NODE_DATA. protect the access via rcu_read_lock(); */ rcu_read_lock(); memtier = rcu_dereference(pgdat->memtier); if (memtier) *targets = memtier->lower_tier_mask; else *targets = NODE_MASK_NONE; rcu_read_unlock(); } /** * next_demotion_node() - Get the next node in the demotion path * @node: The starting node to lookup the next node * * Return: node id for next memory node in the demotion path hierarchy * from @node; NUMA_NO_NODE if @node is terminal. This does not keep * @node online or guarantee that it *continues* to be the next demotion * target. */ int next_demotion_node(int node) { struct demotion_nodes *nd; int target; if (!node_demotion) return NUMA_NO_NODE; nd = &node_demotion[node]; /* * node_demotion[] is updated without excluding this * function from running. * * Make sure to use RCU over entire code blocks if * node_demotion[] reads need to be consistent. */ rcu_read_lock(); /* * If there are multiple target nodes, just select one * target node randomly. * * In addition, we can also use round-robin to select * target node, but we should introduce another variable * for node_demotion[] to record last selected target node, * that may cause cache ping-pong due to the changing of * last target node. Or introducing per-cpu data to avoid * caching issue, which seems more complicated. So selecting * target node randomly seems better until now. */ target = node_random(&nd->preferred); rcu_read_unlock(); return target; } static void disable_all_demotion_targets(void) { struct memory_tier *memtier; int node; for_each_node_state(node, N_MEMORY) { node_demotion[node].preferred = NODE_MASK_NONE; /* * We are holding memory_tier_lock, it is safe * to access pgda->memtier. */ memtier = __node_get_memory_tier(node); if (memtier) memtier->lower_tier_mask = NODE_MASK_NONE; } /* * Ensure that the "disable" is visible across the system. * Readers will see either a combination of before+disable * state or disable+after. They will never see before and * after state together. */ synchronize_rcu(); } /* * Find an automatic demotion target for all memory * nodes. Failing here is OK. It might just indicate * being at the end of a chain. */ static void establish_demotion_targets(void) { struct memory_tier *memtier; struct demotion_nodes *nd; int target = NUMA_NO_NODE, node; int distance, best_distance; nodemask_t tier_nodes, lower_tier; lockdep_assert_held_once(&memory_tier_lock); if (!node_demotion) return; disable_all_demotion_targets(); for_each_node_state(node, N_MEMORY) { best_distance = -1; nd = &node_demotion[node]; memtier = __node_get_memory_tier(node); if (!memtier || list_is_last(&memtier->list, &memory_tiers)) continue; /* * Get the lower memtier to find the demotion node list. */ memtier = list_next_entry(memtier, list); tier_nodes = get_memtier_nodemask(memtier); /* * find_next_best_node, use 'used' nodemask as a skip list. * Add all memory nodes except the selected memory tier * nodelist to skip list so that we find the best node from the * memtier nodelist. */ nodes_andnot(tier_nodes, node_states[N_MEMORY], tier_nodes); /* * Find all the nodes in the memory tier node list of same best distance. * add them to the preferred mask. We randomly select between nodes * in the preferred mask when allocating pages during demotion. */ do { target = find_next_best_node(node, &tier_nodes); if (target == NUMA_NO_NODE) break; distance = node_distance(node, target); if (distance == best_distance || best_distance == -1) { best_distance = distance; node_set(target, nd->preferred); } else { break; } } while (1); } /* * Promotion is allowed from a memory tier to higher * memory tier only if the memory tier doesn't include * compute. We want to skip promotion from a memory tier, * if any node that is part of the memory tier have CPUs. * Once we detect such a memory tier, we consider that tier * as top tiper from which promotion is not allowed. */ list_for_each_entry_reverse(memtier, &memory_tiers, list) { tier_nodes = get_memtier_nodemask(memtier); nodes_and(tier_nodes, node_states[N_CPU], tier_nodes); if (!nodes_empty(tier_nodes)) { /* * abstract distance below the max value of this memtier * is considered toptier. */ top_tier_adistance = memtier->adistance_start + MEMTIER_CHUNK_SIZE - 1; break; } } /* * Now build the lower_tier mask for each node collecting node mask from * all memory tier below it. This allows us to fallback demotion page * allocation to a set of nodes that is closer the above selected * perferred node. */ lower_tier = node_states[N_MEMORY]; list_for_each_entry(memtier, &memory_tiers, list) { /* * Keep removing current tier from lower_tier nodes, * This will remove all nodes in current and above * memory tier from the lower_tier mask. */ tier_nodes = get_memtier_nodemask(memtier); nodes_andnot(lower_tier, lower_tier, tier_nodes); memtier->lower_tier_mask = lower_tier; } } #else static inline void establish_demotion_targets(void) {} #endif /* CONFIG_MIGRATION */ static inline void __init_node_memory_type(int node, struct memory_dev_type *memtype) { if (!node_memory_types[node].memtype) node_memory_types[node].memtype = memtype; /* * for each device getting added in the same NUMA node * with this specific memtype, bump the map count. We * Only take memtype device reference once, so that * changing a node memtype can be done by droping the * only reference count taken here. */ if (node_memory_types[node].memtype == memtype) { if (!node_memory_types[node].map_count++) kref_get(&memtype->kref); } } static struct memory_tier *set_node_memory_tier(int node) { struct memory_tier *memtier; struct memory_dev_type *memtype; pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(node); lockdep_assert_held_once(&memory_tier_lock); if (!node_state(node, N_MEMORY)) return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); __init_node_memory_type(node, default_dram_type); memtype = node_memory_types[node].memtype; node_set(node, memtype->nodes); memtier = find_create_memory_tier(memtype); if (!IS_ERR(memtier)) rcu_assign_pointer(pgdat->memtier, memtier); return memtier; } static void destroy_memory_tier(struct memory_tier *memtier) { list_del(&memtier->list); device_unregister(&memtier->dev); } static bool clear_node_memory_tier(int node) { bool cleared = false; pg_data_t *pgdat; struct memory_tier *memtier; pgdat = NODE_DATA(node); if (!pgdat) return false; /* * Make sure that anybody looking at NODE_DATA who finds * a valid memtier finds memory_dev_types with nodes still * linked to the memtier. We achieve this by waiting for * rcu read section to finish using synchronize_rcu. * This also enables us to free the destroyed memory tier * with kfree instead of kfree_rcu */ memtier = __node_get_memory_tier(node); if (memtier) { struct memory_dev_type *memtype; rcu_assign_pointer(pgdat->memtier, NULL); synchronize_rcu(); memtype = node_memory_types[node].memtype; node_clear(node, memtype->nodes); if (nodes_empty(memtype->nodes)) { list_del_init(&memtype->tier_sibling); if (list_empty(&memtier->memory_types)) destroy_memory_tier(memtier); } cleared = true; } return cleared; } static void release_memtype(struct kref *kref) { struct memory_dev_type *memtype; memtype = container_of(kref, struct memory_dev_type, kref); kfree(memtype); } struct memory_dev_type *alloc_memory_type(int adistance) { struct memory_dev_type *memtype; memtype = kmalloc(sizeof(*memtype), GFP_KERNEL); if (!memtype) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); memtype->adistance = adistance; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&memtype->tier_sibling); memtype->nodes = NODE_MASK_NONE; kref_init(&memtype->kref); return memtype; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(alloc_memory_type); void put_memory_type(struct memory_dev_type *memtype) { kref_put(&memtype->kref, release_memtype); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_memory_type); void init_node_memory_type(int node, struct memory_dev_type *memtype) { mutex_lock(&memory_tier_lock); __init_node_memory_type(node, memtype); mutex_unlock(&memory_tier_lock); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_node_memory_type); void clear_node_memory_type(int node, struct memory_dev_type *memtype) { mutex_lock(&memory_tier_lock); if (node_memory_types[node].memtype == memtype || !memtype) node_memory_types[node].map_count--; /* * If we umapped all the attached devices to this node, * clear the node memory type. */ if (!node_memory_types[node].map_count) { memtype = node_memory_types[node].memtype; node_memory_types[node].memtype = NULL; put_memory_type(memtype); } mutex_unlock(&memory_tier_lock); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(clear_node_memory_type); static void dump_hmem_attrs(struct access_coordinate *coord, const char *prefix) { pr_info( "%sread_latency: %u, write_latency: %u, read_bandwidth: %u, write_bandwidth: %u\n", prefix, coord->read_latency, coord->write_latency, coord->read_bandwidth, coord->write_bandwidth); } int mt_set_default_dram_perf(int nid, struct access_coordinate *perf, const char *source) { int rc = 0; mutex_lock(&memory_tier_lock); if (default_dram_perf_error) { rc = -EIO; goto out; } if (perf->read_latency + perf->write_latency == 0 || perf->read_bandwidth + perf->write_bandwidth == 0) { rc = -EINVAL; goto out; } if (default_dram_perf_ref_nid == NUMA_NO_NODE) { default_dram_perf = *perf; default_dram_perf_ref_nid = nid; default_dram_perf_ref_source = kstrdup(source, GFP_KERNEL); goto out; } /* * The performance of all default DRAM nodes is expected to be * same (that is, the variation is less than 10%). And it * will be used as base to calculate the abstract distance of * other memory nodes. */ if (abs(perf->read_latency - default_dram_perf.read_latency) * 10 > default_dram_perf.read_latency || abs(perf->write_latency - default_dram_perf.write_latency) * 10 > default_dram_perf.write_latency || abs(perf->read_bandwidth - default_dram_perf.read_bandwidth) * 10 > default_dram_perf.read_bandwidth || abs(perf->write_bandwidth - default_dram_perf.write_bandwidth) * 10 > default_dram_perf.write_bandwidth) { pr_info( "memory-tiers: the performance of DRAM node %d mismatches that of the reference\n" "DRAM node %d.\n", nid, default_dram_perf_ref_nid); pr_info(" performance of reference DRAM node %d:\n", default_dram_perf_ref_nid); dump_hmem_attrs(&default_dram_perf, " "); pr_info(" performance of DRAM node %d:\n", nid); dump_hmem_attrs(perf, " "); pr_info( " disable default DRAM node performance based abstract distance algorithm.\n"); default_dram_perf_error = true; rc = -EINVAL; } out: mutex_unlock(&memory_tier_lock); return rc; } int mt_perf_to_adistance(struct access_coordinate *perf, int *adist) { if (default_dram_perf_error) return -EIO; if (default_dram_perf_ref_nid == NUMA_NO_NODE) return -ENOENT; if (perf->read_latency + perf->write_latency == 0 || perf->read_bandwidth + perf->write_bandwidth == 0) return -EINVAL; mutex_lock(&memory_tier_lock); /* * The abstract distance of a memory node is in direct proportion to * its memory latency (read + write) and inversely proportional to its * memory bandwidth (read + write). The abstract distance, memory * latency, and memory bandwidth of the default DRAM nodes are used as * the base. */ *adist = MEMTIER_ADISTANCE_DRAM * (perf->read_latency + perf->write_latency) / (default_dram_perf.read_latency + default_dram_perf.write_latency) * (default_dram_perf.read_bandwidth + default_dram_perf.write_bandwidth) / (perf->read_bandwidth + perf->write_bandwidth); mutex_unlock(&memory_tier_lock); return 0; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mt_perf_to_adistance); /** * register_mt_adistance_algorithm() - Register memory tiering abstract distance algorithm * @nb: The notifier block which describe the algorithm * * Return: 0 on success, errno on error. * * Every memory tiering abstract distance algorithm provider needs to * register the algorithm with register_mt_adistance_algorithm(). To * calculate the abstract distance for a specified memory node, the * notifier function will be called unless some high priority * algorithm has provided result. The prototype of the notifier * function is as follows, * * int (*algorithm_notifier)(struct notifier_block *nb, * unsigned long nid, void *data); * * Where "nid" specifies the memory node, "data" is the pointer to the * returned abstract distance (that is, "int *adist"). If the * algorithm provides the result, NOTIFY_STOP should be returned. * Otherwise, return_value & %NOTIFY_STOP_MASK == 0 to allow the next * algorithm in the chain to provide the result. */ int register_mt_adistance_algorithm(struct notifier_block *nb) { return blocking_notifier_chain_register(&mt_adistance_algorithms, nb); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_mt_adistance_algorithm); /** * unregister_mt_adistance_algorithm() - Unregister memory tiering abstract distance algorithm * @nb: the notifier block which describe the algorithm * * Return: 0 on success, errno on error. */ int unregister_mt_adistance_algorithm(struct notifier_block *nb) { return blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(&mt_adistance_algorithms, nb); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_mt_adistance_algorithm); /** * mt_calc_adistance() - Calculate abstract distance with registered algorithms * @node: the node to calculate abstract distance for * @adist: the returned abstract distance * * Return: if return_value & %NOTIFY_STOP_MASK != 0, then some * abstract distance algorithm provides the result, and return it via * @adist. Otherwise, no algorithm can provide the result and @adist * will be kept as it is. */ int mt_calc_adistance(int node, int *adist) { return blocking_notifier_call_chain(&mt_adistance_algorithms, node, adist); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mt_calc_adistance); static int __meminit memtier_hotplug_callback(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long action, void *_arg) { struct memory_tier *memtier; struct memory_notify *arg = _arg; /* * Only update the node migration order when a node is * changing status, like online->offline. */ if (arg->status_change_nid < 0) return notifier_from_errno(0); switch (action) { case MEM_OFFLINE: mutex_lock(&memory_tier_lock); if (clear_node_memory_tier(arg->status_change_nid)) establish_demotion_targets(); mutex_unlock(&memory_tier_lock); break; case MEM_ONLINE: mutex_lock(&memory_tier_lock); memtier = set_node_memory_tier(arg->status_change_nid); if (!IS_ERR(memtier)) establish_demotion_targets(); mutex_unlock(&memory_tier_lock); break; } return notifier_from_errno(0); } static int __init memory_tier_init(void) { int ret, node; struct memory_tier *memtier; ret = subsys_virtual_register(&memory_tier_subsys, NULL); if (ret) panic("%s() failed to register memory tier subsystem\n", __func__); #ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION node_demotion = kcalloc(nr_node_ids, sizeof(struct demotion_nodes), GFP_KERNEL); WARN_ON(!node_demotion); #endif mutex_lock(&memory_tier_lock); /* * For now we can have 4 faster memory tiers with smaller adistance * than default DRAM tier. */ default_dram_type = alloc_memory_type(MEMTIER_ADISTANCE_DRAM); if (IS_ERR(default_dram_type)) panic("%s() failed to allocate default DRAM tier\n", __func__); /* * Look at all the existing N_MEMORY nodes and add them to * default memory tier or to a tier if we already have memory * types assigned. */ for_each_node_state(node, N_MEMORY) { memtier = set_node_memory_tier(node); if (IS_ERR(memtier)) /* * Continue with memtiers we are able to setup */ break; } establish_demotion_targets(); mutex_unlock(&memory_tier_lock); hotplug_memory_notifier(memtier_hotplug_callback, MEMTIER_HOTPLUG_PRI); return 0; } subsys_initcall(memory_tier_init); bool numa_demotion_enabled = false; #ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS static ssize_t demotion_enabled_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf) { return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", numa_demotion_enabled ? "true" : "false"); } static ssize_t demotion_enabled_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count) { ssize_t ret; ret = kstrtobool(buf, &numa_demotion_enabled); if (ret) return ret; return count; } static struct kobj_attribute numa_demotion_enabled_attr = __ATTR_RW(demotion_enabled); static struct attribute *numa_attrs[] = { &numa_demotion_enabled_attr.attr, NULL, }; static const struct attribute_group numa_attr_group = { .attrs = numa_attrs, }; static int __init numa_init_sysfs(void) { int err; struct kobject *numa_kobj; numa_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("numa", mm_kobj); if (!numa_kobj) { pr_err("failed to create numa kobject\n"); return -ENOMEM; } err = sysfs_create_group(numa_kobj, &numa_attr_group); if (err) { pr_err("failed to register numa group\n"); goto delete_obj; } return 0; delete_obj: kobject_put(numa_kobj); return err; } subsys_initcall(numa_init_sysfs); #endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS */ #endif