summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/arch/ia64/kernel/unaligned.c
blob: 7f0d31656b4d9d2069c904ae474ef46a29e6f966 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
/*
 * Architecture-specific unaligned trap handling.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1999-2002, 2004 Hewlett-Packard Co
 *	Stephane Eranian <eranian@hpl.hp.com>
 *	David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
 *
 * 2002/12/09   Fix rotating register handling (off-by-1 error, missing fr-rotation).  Fix
 *		get_rse_reg() to not leak kernel bits to user-level (reading an out-of-frame
 *		stacked register returns an undefined value; it does NOT trigger a
 *		"rsvd register fault").
 * 2001/10/11	Fix unaligned access to rotating registers in s/w pipelined loops.
 * 2001/08/13	Correct size of extended floats (float_fsz) from 16 to 10 bytes.
 * 2001/01/17	Add support emulation of unaligned kernel accesses.
 */
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>

#include <asm/intrinsics.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm/rse.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/unaligned.h>

extern int die_if_kernel(char *str, struct pt_regs *regs, long err);

#undef DEBUG_UNALIGNED_TRAP

#ifdef DEBUG_UNALIGNED_TRAP
# define DPRINT(a...)	do { printk("%s %u: ", __func__, __LINE__); printk (a); } while (0)
# define DDUMP(str,vp,len)	dump(str, vp, len)

static void
dump (const char *str, void *vp, size_t len)
{
	unsigned char *cp = vp;
	int i;

	printk("%s", str);
	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
		printk (" %02x", *cp++);
	printk("\n");
}
#else
# define DPRINT(a...)
# define DDUMP(str,vp,len)
#endif

#define IA64_FIRST_STACKED_GR	32
#define IA64_FIRST_ROTATING_FR	32
#define SIGN_EXT9		0xffffffffffffff00ul

/*
 *  sysctl settable hook which tells the kernel whether to honor the
 *  IA64_THREAD_UAC_NOPRINT prctl.  Because this is user settable, we want
 *  to allow the super user to enable/disable this for security reasons
 *  (i.e. don't allow attacker to fill up logs with unaligned accesses).
 */
int no_unaligned_warning;
int unaligned_dump_stack;

/*
 * For M-unit:
 *
 *  opcode |   m  |   x6    |
 * --------|------|---------|
 * [40-37] | [36] | [35:30] |
 * --------|------|---------|
 *     4   |   1  |    6    | = 11 bits
 * --------------------------
 * However bits [31:30] are not directly useful to distinguish between
 * load/store so we can use [35:32] instead, which gives the following
 * mask ([40:32]) using 9 bits. The 'e' comes from the fact that we defer
 * checking the m-bit until later in the load/store emulation.
 */
#define IA64_OPCODE_MASK	0x1ef
#define IA64_OPCODE_SHIFT	32

/*
 * Table C-28 Integer Load/Store
 *
 * We ignore [35:32]= 0x6, 0x7, 0xE, 0xF
 *
 * ld8.fill, st8.fill  MUST be aligned because the RNATs are based on
 * the address (bits [8:3]), so we must failed.
 */
#define LD_OP            0x080
#define LDS_OP           0x081
#define LDA_OP           0x082
#define LDSA_OP          0x083
#define LDBIAS_OP        0x084
#define LDACQ_OP         0x085
/* 0x086, 0x087 are not relevant */
#define LDCCLR_OP        0x088
#define LDCNC_OP         0x089
#define LDCCLRACQ_OP     0x08a
#define ST_OP            0x08c
#define STREL_OP         0x08d
/* 0x08e,0x8f are not relevant */

/*
 * Table C-29 Integer Load +Reg
 *
 * we use the ld->m (bit [36:36]) field to determine whether or not we have
 * a load/store of this form.
 */

/*
 * Table C-30 Integer Load/Store +Imm
 *
 * We ignore [35:32]= 0x6, 0x7, 0xE, 0xF
 *
 * ld8.fill, st8.fill  must be aligned because the Nat register are based on
 * the address, so we must fail and the program must be fixed.
 */
#define LD_IMM_OP            0x0a0
#define LDS_IMM_OP           0x0a1
#define LDA_IMM_OP           0x0a2
#define LDSA_IMM_OP          0x0a3
#define LDBIAS_IMM_OP        0x0a4
#define LDACQ_IMM_OP         0x0a5
/* 0x0a6, 0xa7 are not relevant */
#define LDCCLR_IMM_OP        0x0a8
#define LDCNC_IMM_OP         0x0a9
#define LDCCLRACQ_IMM_OP     0x0aa
#define ST_IMM_OP            0x0ac
#define STREL_IMM_OP         0x0ad
/* 0x0ae,0xaf are not relevant */

/*
 * Table C-32 Floating-point Load/Store
 */
#define LDF_OP           0x0c0
#define LDFS_OP          0x0c1
#define LDFA_OP          0x0c2
#define LDFSA_OP         0x0c3
/* 0x0c6 is irrelevant */
#define LDFCCLR_OP       0x0c8
#define LDFCNC_OP        0x0c9
/* 0x0cb is irrelevant  */
#define STF_OP           0x0cc

/*
 * Table C-33 Floating-point Load +Reg
 *
 * we use the ld->m (bit [36:36]) field to determine whether or not we have
 * a load/store of this form.
 */

/*
 * Table C-34 Floating-point Load/Store +Imm
 */
#define LDF_IMM_OP       0x0e0
#define LDFS_IMM_OP      0x0e1
#define LDFA_IMM_OP      0x0e2
#define LDFSA_IMM_OP     0x0e3
/* 0x0e6 is irrelevant */
#define LDFCCLR_IMM_OP   0x0e8
#define LDFCNC_IMM_OP    0x0e9
#define STF_IMM_OP       0x0ec

typedef struct {
	unsigned long	 qp:6;	/* [0:5]   */
	unsigned long    r1:7;	/* [6:12]  */
	unsigned long   imm:7;	/* [13:19] */
	unsigned long    r3:7;	/* [20:26] */
	unsigned long     x:1;  /* [27:27] */
	unsigned long  hint:2;	/* [28:29] */
	unsigned long x6_sz:2;	/* [30:31] */
	unsigned long x6_op:4;	/* [32:35], x6 = x6_sz|x6_op */
	unsigned long     m:1;	/* [36:36] */
	unsigned long    op:4;	/* [37:40] */
	unsigned long   pad:23; /* [41:63] */
} load_store_t;


typedef enum {
	UPD_IMMEDIATE,	/* ldXZ r1=[r3],imm(9) */
	UPD_REG		/* ldXZ r1=[r3],r2     */
} update_t;

/*
 * We use tables to keep track of the offsets of registers in the saved state.
 * This way we save having big switch/case statements.
 *
 * We use bit 0 to indicate switch_stack or pt_regs.
 * The offset is simply shifted by 1 bit.
 * A 2-byte value should be enough to hold any kind of offset
 *
 * In case the calling convention changes (and thus pt_regs/switch_stack)
 * simply use RSW instead of RPT or vice-versa.
 */

#define RPO(x)	((size_t) &((struct pt_regs *)0)->x)
#define RSO(x)	((size_t) &((struct switch_stack *)0)->x)

#define RPT(x)		(RPO(x) << 1)
#define RSW(x)		(1| RSO(x)<<1)

#define GR_OFFS(x)	(gr_info[x]>>1)
#define GR_IN_SW(x)	(gr_info[x] & 0x1)

#define FR_OFFS(x)	(fr_info[x]>>1)
#define FR_IN_SW(x)	(fr_info[x] & 0x1)

static u16 gr_info[32]={
	0,			/* r0 is read-only : WE SHOULD NEVER GET THIS */

	RPT(r1), RPT(r2), RPT(r3),

	RSW(r4), RSW(r5), RSW(r6), RSW(r7),

	RPT(r8), RPT(r9), RPT(r10), RPT(r11),
	RPT(r12), RPT(r13), RPT(r14), RPT(r15),

	RPT(r16), RPT(r17), RPT(r18), RPT(r19),
	RPT(r20), RPT(r21), RPT(r22), RPT(r23),
	RPT(r24), RPT(r25), RPT(r26), RPT(r27),
	RPT(r28), RPT(r29), RPT(r30), RPT(r31)
};

static u16 fr_info[32]={
	0,			/* constant : WE SHOULD NEVER GET THIS */
	0,			/* constant : WE SHOULD NEVER GET THIS */

	RSW(f2), RSW(f3), RSW(f4), RSW(f5),

	RPT(f6), RPT(f7), RPT(f8), RPT(f9),
	RPT(f10), RPT(f11),

	RSW(f12), RSW(f13), RSW(f14),
	RSW(f15), RSW(f16), RSW(f17), RSW(f18), RSW(f19),
	RSW(f20), RSW(f21), RSW(f22), RSW(f23), RSW(f24),
	RSW(f25), RSW(f26), RSW(f27), RSW(f28), RSW(f29),
	RSW(f30), RSW(f31)
};

/* Invalidate ALAT entry for integer register REGNO.  */
static void
invala_gr (int regno)
{
#	define F(reg)	case reg: ia64_invala_gr(reg); break

	switch (regno) {
		F(  0); F(  1); F(  2); F(  3); F(  4); F(  5); F(  6); F(  7);
		F(  8); F(  9); F( 10); F( 11); F( 12); F( 13); F( 14); F( 15);
		F( 16); F( 17); F( 18); F( 19); F( 20); F( 21); F( 22); F( 23);
		F( 24); F( 25); F( 26); F( 27); F( 28); F( 29); F( 30); F( 31);
		F( 32); F( 33); F( 34); F( 35); F( 36); F( 37); F( 38); F( 39);
		F( 40); F( 41); F( 42); F( 43); F( 44); F( 45); F( 46); F( 47);
		F( 48); F( 49); F( 50); F( 51); F( 52); F( 53); F( 54); F( 55);
		F( 56); F( 57); F( 58); F( 59); F( 60); F( 61); F( 62); F( 63);
		F( 64); F( 65); F( 66); F( 67); F( 68); F( 69); F( 70); F( 71);
		F( 72); F( 73); F( 74); F( 75); F( 76); F( 77); F( 78); F( 79);
		F( 80); F( 81); F( 82); F( 83); F( 84); F( 85); F( 86); F( 87);
		F( 88); F( 89); F( 90); F( 91); F( 92); F( 93); F( 94); F( 95);
		F( 96); F( 97); F( 98); F( 99); F(100); F(101); F(102); F(103);
		F(104); F(105); F(106); F(107); F(108); F(109); F(110); F(111);
		F(112); F(113); F(114); F(115); F(116); F(117); F(118); F(119);
		F(120); F(121); F(122); F(123); F(124); F(125); F(126); F(127);
	}
#	undef F
}

/* Invalidate ALAT entry for floating-point register REGNO.  */
static void
invala_fr (int regno)
{
#	define F(reg)	case reg: ia64_invala_fr(reg); break

	switch (regno) {
		F(  0); F(  1); F(  2); F(  3); F(  4); F(  5); F(  6); F(  7);
		F(  8); F(  9); F( 10); F( 11); F( 12); F( 13); F( 14); F( 15);
		F( 16); F( 17); F( 18); F( 19); F( 20); F( 21); F( 22); F( 23);
		F( 24); F( 25); F( 26); F( 27); F( 28); F( 29); F( 30); F( 31);
		F( 32); F( 33); F( 34); F( 35); F( 36); F( 37); F( 38); F( 39);
		F( 40); F( 41); F( 42); F( 43); F( 44); F( 45); F( 46); F( 47);
		F( 48); F( 49); F( 50); F( 51); F( 52); F( 53); F( 54); F( 55);
		F( 56); F( 57); F( 58); F( 59); F( 60); F( 61); F( 62); F( 63);
		F( 64); F( 65); F( 66); F( 67); F( 68); F( 69); F( 70); F( 71);
		F( 72); F( 73); F( 74); F( 75); F( 76); F( 77); F( 78); F( 79);
		F( 80); F( 81); F( 82); F( 83); F( 84); F( 85); F( 86); F( 87);
		F( 88); F( 89); F( 90); F( 91); F( 92); F( 93); F( 94); F( 95);
		F( 96); F( 97); F( 98); F( 99); F(100); F(101); F(102); F(103);
		F(104); F(105); F(106); F(107); F(108); F(109); F(110); F(111);
		F(112); F(113); F(114); F(115); F(116); F(117); F(118); F(119);
		F(120); F(121); F(122); F(123); F(124); F(125); F(126); F(127);
	}
#	undef F
}

static inline unsigned long
rotate_reg (unsigned long sor, unsigned long rrb, unsigned long reg)
{
	reg += rrb;
	if (reg >= sor)
		reg -= sor;
	return reg;
}

static void
set_rse_reg (struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long r1, unsigned long val, int nat)
{
	struct switch_stack *sw = (struct switch_stack *) regs - 1;
	unsigned long *bsp, *bspstore, *addr, *rnat_addr, *ubs_end;
	unsigned long *kbs = (void *) current + IA64_RBS_OFFSET;
	unsigned long rnats, nat_mask;
	unsigned long on_kbs;
	long sof = (regs->cr_ifs) & 0x7f;
	long sor = 8 * ((regs->cr_ifs >> 14) & 0xf);
	long rrb_gr = (regs->cr_ifs >> 18) & 0x7f;
	long ridx = r1 - 32;

	if (ridx >= sof) {
		/* this should never happen, as the "rsvd register fault" has higher priority */
		DPRINT("ignoring write to r%lu; only %lu registers are allocated!\n", r1, sof);
		return;
	}

	if (ridx < sor)
		ridx = rotate_reg(sor, rrb_gr, ridx);

	DPRINT("r%lu, sw.bspstore=%lx pt.bspstore=%lx sof=%ld sol=%ld ridx=%ld\n",
	       r1, sw->ar_bspstore, regs->ar_bspstore, sof, (regs->cr_ifs >> 7) & 0x7f, ridx);

	on_kbs = ia64_rse_num_regs(kbs, (unsigned long *) sw->ar_bspstore);
	addr = ia64_rse_skip_regs((unsigned long *) sw->ar_bspstore, -sof + ridx);
	if (addr >= kbs) {
		/* the register is on the kernel backing store: easy... */
		rnat_addr = ia64_rse_rnat_addr(addr);
		if ((unsigned long) rnat_addr >= sw->ar_bspstore)
			rnat_addr = &sw->ar_rnat;
		nat_mask = 1UL << ia64_rse_slot_num(addr);

		*addr = val;
		if (nat)
			*rnat_addr |=  nat_mask;
		else
			*rnat_addr &= ~nat_mask;
		return;
	}

	if (!user_stack(current, regs)) {
		DPRINT("ignoring kernel write to r%lu; register isn't on the kernel RBS!", r1);
		return;
	}

	bspstore = (unsigned long *)regs->ar_bspstore;
	ubs_end = ia64_rse_skip_regs(bspstore, on_kbs);
	bsp     = ia64_rse_skip_regs(ubs_end, -sof);
	addr    = ia64_rse_skip_regs(bsp, ridx);

	DPRINT("ubs_end=%p bsp=%p addr=%p\n", (void *) ubs_end, (void *) bsp, (void *) addr);

	ia64_poke(current, sw, (unsigned long) ubs_end, (unsigned long) addr, val);

	rnat_addr = ia64_rse_rnat_addr(addr);

	ia64_peek(current, sw, (unsigned long) ubs_end, (unsigned long) rnat_addr, &rnats);
	DPRINT("rnat @%p = 0x%lx nat=%d old nat=%ld\n",
	       (void *) rnat_addr, rnats, nat, (rnats >> ia64_rse_slot_num(addr)) & 1);

	nat_mask = 1UL << ia64_rse_slot_num(addr);
	if (nat)
		rnats |=  nat_mask;
	else
		rnats &= ~nat_mask;
	ia64_poke(current, sw, (unsigned long) ubs_end, (unsigned long) rnat_addr, rnats);

	DPRINT("rnat changed to @%p = 0x%lx\n", (void *) rnat_addr, rnats);
}


static void
get_rse_reg (struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long r1, unsigned long *val, int *nat)
{
	struct switch_stack *sw = (struct switch_stack *) regs - 1;
	unsigned long *bsp, *addr, *rnat_addr, *ubs_end, *bspstore;
	unsigned long *kbs = (void *) current + IA64_RBS_OFFSET;
	unsigned long rnats, nat_mask;
	unsigned long on_kbs;
	long sof = (regs->cr_ifs) & 0x7f;
	long sor = 8 * ((regs->cr_ifs >> 14) & 0xf);
	long rrb_gr = (regs->cr_ifs >> 18) & 0x7f;
	long ridx = r1 - 32;

	if (ridx >= sof) {
		/* read of out-of-frame register returns an undefined value; 0 in our case.  */
		DPRINT("ignoring read from r%lu; only %lu registers are allocated!\n", r1, sof);
		goto fail;
	}

	if (ridx < sor)
		ridx = rotate_reg(sor, rrb_gr, ridx);

	DPRINT("r%lu, sw.bspstore=%lx pt.bspstore=%lx sof=%ld sol=%ld ridx=%ld\n",
	       r1, sw->ar_bspstore, regs->ar_bspstore, sof, (regs->cr_ifs >> 7) & 0x7f, ridx);

	on_kbs = ia64_rse_num_regs(kbs, (unsigned long *) sw->ar_bspstore);
	addr = ia64_rse_skip_regs((unsigned long *) sw->ar_bspstore, -sof + ridx);
	if (addr >= kbs) {
		/* the register is on the kernel backing store: easy... */
		*val = *addr;
		if (nat) {
			rnat_addr = ia64_rse_rnat_addr(addr);
			if ((unsigned long) rnat_addr >= sw->ar_bspstore)
				rnat_addr = &sw->ar_rnat;
			nat_mask = 1UL << ia64_rse_slot_num(addr);
			*nat = (*rnat_addr & nat_mask) != 0;
		}
		return;
	}

	if (!user_stack(current, regs)) {
		DPRINT("ignoring kernel read of r%lu; register isn't on the RBS!", r1);
		goto fail;
	}

	bspstore = (unsigned long *)regs->ar_bspstore;
	ubs_end = ia64_rse_skip_regs(bspstore, on_kbs);
	bsp     = ia64_rse_skip_regs(ubs_end, -sof);
	addr    = ia64_rse_skip_regs(bsp, ridx);

	DPRINT("ubs_end=%p bsp=%p addr=%p\n", (void *) ubs_end, (void *) bsp, (void *) addr);

	ia64_peek(current, sw, (unsigned long) ubs_end, (unsigned long) addr, val);

	if (nat) {
		rnat_addr = ia64_rse_rnat_addr(addr);
		nat_mask = 1UL << ia64_rse_slot_num(addr);

		DPRINT("rnat @%p = 0x%lx\n", (void *) rnat_addr, rnats);

		ia64_peek(current, sw, (unsigned long) ubs_end, (unsigned long) rnat_addr, &rnats);
		*nat = (rnats & nat_mask) != 0;
	}
	return;

  fail:
	*val = 0;
	if (nat)
		*nat = 0;
	return;
}


static void
setreg (unsigned long regnum, unsigned long val, int nat, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct switch_stack *sw = (struct switch_stack *) regs - 1;
	unsigned long addr;
	unsigned long bitmask;
	unsigned long *unat;

	/*
	 * First takes care of stacked registers
	 */
	if (regnum >= IA64_FIRST_STACKED_GR) {
		set_rse_reg(regs, regnum, val, nat);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Using r0 as a target raises a General Exception fault which has higher priority
	 * than the Unaligned Reference fault.
	 */

	/*
	 * Now look at registers in [0-31] range and init correct UNAT
	 */
	if (GR_IN_SW(regnum)) {
		addr = (unsigned long)sw;
		unat = &sw->ar_unat;
	} else {
		addr = (unsigned long)regs;
		unat = &sw->caller_unat;
	}
	DPRINT("tmp_base=%lx switch_stack=%s offset=%d\n",
	       addr, unat==&sw->ar_unat ? "yes":"no", GR_OFFS(regnum));
	/*
	 * add offset from base of struct
	 * and do it !
	 */
	addr += GR_OFFS(regnum);

	*(unsigned long *)addr = val;

	/*
	 * We need to clear the corresponding UNAT bit to fully emulate the load
	 * UNAT bit_pos = GR[r3]{8:3} form EAS-2.4
	 */
	bitmask   = 1UL << (addr >> 3 & 0x3f);
	DPRINT("*0x%lx=0x%lx NaT=%d prev_unat @%p=%lx\n", addr, val, nat, (void *) unat, *unat);
	if (nat) {
		*unat |= bitmask;
	} else {
		*unat &= ~bitmask;
	}
	DPRINT("*0x%lx=0x%lx NaT=%d new unat: %p=%lx\n", addr, val, nat, (void *) unat,*unat);
}

/*
 * Return the (rotated) index for floating point register REGNUM (REGNUM must be in the
 * range from 32-127, result is in the range from 0-95.
 */
static inline unsigned long
fph_index (struct pt_regs *regs, long regnum)
{
	unsigned long rrb_fr = (regs->cr_ifs >> 25) & 0x7f;
	return rotate_reg(96, rrb_fr, (regnum - IA64_FIRST_ROTATING_FR));
}

static void
setfpreg (unsigned long regnum, struct ia64_fpreg *fpval, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct switch_stack *sw = (struct switch_stack *)regs - 1;
	unsigned long addr;

	/*
	 * From EAS-2.5: FPDisableFault has higher priority than Unaligned
	 * Fault. Thus, when we get here, we know the partition is enabled.
	 * To update f32-f127, there are three choices:
	 *
	 *	(1) save f32-f127 to thread.fph and update the values there
	 *	(2) use a gigantic switch statement to directly access the registers
	 *	(3) generate code on the fly to update the desired register
	 *
	 * For now, we are using approach (1).
	 */
	if (regnum >= IA64_FIRST_ROTATING_FR) {
		ia64_sync_fph(current);
		current->thread.fph[fph_index(regs, regnum)] = *fpval;
	} else {
		/*
		 * pt_regs or switch_stack ?
		 */
		if (FR_IN_SW(regnum)) {
			addr = (unsigned long)sw;
		} else {
			addr = (unsigned long)regs;
		}

		DPRINT("tmp_base=%lx offset=%d\n", addr, FR_OFFS(regnum));

		addr += FR_OFFS(regnum);
		*(struct ia64_fpreg *)addr = *fpval;

		/*
		 * mark the low partition as being used now
		 *
		 * It is highly unlikely that this bit is not already set, but
		 * let's do it for safety.
		 */
		regs->cr_ipsr |= IA64_PSR_MFL;
	}
}

/*
 * Those 2 inline functions generate the spilled versions of the constant floating point
 * registers which can be used with stfX
 */
static inline void
float_spill_f0 (struct ia64_fpreg *final)
{
	ia64_stf_spill(final, 0);
}

static inline void
float_spill_f1 (struct ia64_fpreg *final)
{
	ia64_stf_spill(final, 1);
}

static void
getfpreg (unsigned long regnum, struct ia64_fpreg *fpval, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct switch_stack *sw = (struct switch_stack *) regs - 1;
	unsigned long addr;

	/*
	 * From EAS-2.5: FPDisableFault has higher priority than
	 * Unaligned Fault. Thus, when we get here, we know the partition is
	 * enabled.
	 *
	 * When regnum > 31, the register is still live and we need to force a save
	 * to current->thread.fph to get access to it.  See discussion in setfpreg()
	 * for reasons and other ways of doing this.
	 */
	if (regnum >= IA64_FIRST_ROTATING_FR) {
		ia64_flush_fph(current);
		*fpval = current->thread.fph[fph_index(regs, regnum)];
	} else {
		/*
		 * f0 = 0.0, f1= 1.0. Those registers are constant and are thus
		 * not saved, we must generate their spilled form on the fly
		 */
		switch(regnum) {
		case 0:
			float_spill_f0(fpval);
			break;
		case 1:
			float_spill_f1(fpval);
			break;
		default:
			/*
			 * pt_regs or switch_stack ?
			 */
			addr =  FR_IN_SW(regnum) ? (unsigned long)sw
						 : (unsigned long)regs;

			DPRINT("is_sw=%d tmp_base=%lx offset=0x%x\n",
			       FR_IN_SW(regnum), addr, FR_OFFS(regnum));

			addr  += FR_OFFS(regnum);
			*fpval = *(struct ia64_fpreg *)addr;
		}
	}
}


static void
getreg (unsigned long regnum, unsigned long *val, int *nat, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct switch_stack *sw = (struct switch_stack *) regs - 1;
	unsigned long addr, *unat;

	if (regnum >= IA64_FIRST_STACKED_GR) {
		get_rse_reg(regs, regnum, val, nat);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * take care of r0 (read-only always evaluate to 0)
	 */
	if (regnum == 0) {
		*val = 0;
		if (nat)
			*nat = 0;
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Now look at registers in [0-31] range and init correct UNAT
	 */
	if (GR_IN_SW(regnum)) {
		addr = (unsigned long)sw;
		unat = &sw->ar_unat;
	} else {
		addr = (unsigned long)regs;
		unat = &sw->caller_unat;
	}

	DPRINT("addr_base=%lx offset=0x%x\n", addr,  GR_OFFS(regnum));

	addr += GR_OFFS(regnum);

	*val  = *(unsigned long *)addr;

	/*
	 * do it only when requested
	 */
	if (nat)
		*nat  = (*unat >> (addr >> 3 & 0x3f)) & 0x1UL;
}

static void
emulate_load_updates (update_t type, load_store_t ld, struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long ifa)
{
	/*
	 * IMPORTANT:
	 * Given the way we handle unaligned speculative loads, we should
	 * not get to this point in the code but we keep this sanity check,
	 * just in case.
	 */
	if (ld.x6_op == 1 || ld.x6_op == 3) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: register update on speculative load, error\n", __func__);
		if (die_if_kernel("unaligned reference on speculative load with register update\n",
				  regs, 30))
			return;
	}


	/*
	 * at this point, we know that the base register to update is valid i.e.,
	 * it's not r0
	 */
	if (type == UPD_IMMEDIATE) {
		unsigned long imm;

		/*
		 * Load +Imm: ldXZ r1=[r3],imm(9)
		 *
		 *
		 * form imm9: [13:19] contain the first 7 bits
		 */
		imm = ld.x << 7 | ld.imm;

		/*
		 * sign extend (1+8bits) if m set
		 */
		if (ld.m) imm |= SIGN_EXT9;

		/*
		 * ifa == r3 and we know that the NaT bit on r3 was clear so
		 * we can directly use ifa.
		 */
		ifa += imm;

		setreg(ld.r3, ifa, 0, regs);

		DPRINT("ld.x=%d ld.m=%d imm=%ld r3=0x%lx\n", ld.x, ld.m, imm, ifa);

	} else if (ld.m) {
		unsigned long r2;
		int nat_r2;

		/*
		 * Load +Reg Opcode: ldXZ r1=[r3],r2
		 *
		 * Note: that we update r3 even in the case of ldfX.a
		 * (where the load does not happen)
		 *
		 * The way the load algorithm works, we know that r3 does not
		 * have its NaT bit set (would have gotten NaT consumption
		 * before getting the unaligned fault). So we can use ifa
		 * which equals r3 at this point.
		 *
		 * IMPORTANT:
		 * The above statement holds ONLY because we know that we
		 * never reach this code when trying to do a ldX.s.
		 * If we ever make it to here on an ldfX.s then
		 */
		getreg(ld.imm, &r2, &nat_r2, regs);

		ifa += r2;

		/*
		 * propagate Nat r2 -> r3
		 */
		setreg(ld.r3, ifa, nat_r2, regs);

		DPRINT("imm=%d r2=%ld r3=0x%lx nat_r2=%d\n",ld.imm, r2, ifa, nat_r2);
	}
}


static int
emulate_load_int (unsigned long ifa, load_store_t ld, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	unsigned int len = 1 << ld.x6_sz;
	unsigned long val = 0;

	/*
	 * r0, as target, doesn't need to be checked because Illegal Instruction
	 * faults have higher priority than unaligned faults.
	 *
	 * r0 cannot be found as the base as it would never generate an
	 * unaligned reference.
	 */

	/*
	 * ldX.a we will emulate load and also invalidate the ALAT entry.
	 * See comment below for explanation on how we handle ldX.a
	 */

	if (len != 2 && len != 4 && len != 8) {
		DPRINT("unknown size: x6=%d\n", ld.x6_sz);
		return -1;
	}
	/* this assumes little-endian byte-order: */
	if (copy_from_user(&val, (void __user *) ifa, len))
		return -1;
	setreg(ld.r1, val, 0, regs);

	/*
	 * check for updates on any kind of loads
	 */
	if (ld.op == 0x5 || ld.m)
		emulate_load_updates(ld.op == 0x5 ? UPD_IMMEDIATE: UPD_REG, ld, regs, ifa);

	/*
	 * handling of various loads (based on EAS2.4):
	 *
	 * ldX.acq (ordered load):
	 *	- acquire semantics would have been used, so force fence instead.
	 *
	 * ldX.c.clr (check load and clear):
	 *	- if we get to this handler, it's because the entry was not in the ALAT.
	 *	  Therefore the operation reverts to a normal load
	 *
	 * ldX.c.nc (check load no clear):
	 *	- same as previous one
	 *
	 * ldX.c.clr.acq (ordered check load and clear):
	 *	- same as above for c.clr part. The load needs to have acquire semantics. So
	 *	  we use the fence semantics which is stronger and thus ensures correctness.
	 *
	 * ldX.a (advanced load):
	 *	- suppose ldX.a r1=[r3]. If we get to the unaligned trap it's because the
	 *	  address doesn't match requested size alignment. This means that we would
	 *	  possibly need more than one load to get the result.
	 *
	 *	  The load part can be handled just like a normal load, however the difficult
	 *	  part is to get the right thing into the ALAT. The critical piece of information
	 *	  in the base address of the load & size. To do that, a ld.a must be executed,
	 *	  clearly any address can be pushed into the table by using ld1.a r1=[r3]. Now
	 *	  if we use the same target register, we will be okay for the check.a instruction.
	 *	  If we look at the store, basically a stX [r3]=r1 checks the ALAT  for any entry
	 *	  which would overlap within [r3,r3+X] (the size of the load was store in the
	 *	  ALAT). If such an entry is found the entry is invalidated. But this is not good
	 *	  enough, take the following example:
	 *		r3=3
	 *		ld4.a r1=[r3]
	 *
	 *	  Could be emulated by doing:
	 *		ld1.a r1=[r3],1
	 *		store to temporary;
	 *		ld1.a r1=[r3],1
	 *		store & shift to temporary;
	 *		ld1.a r1=[r3],1
	 *		store & shift to temporary;
	 *		ld1.a r1=[r3]
	 *		store & shift to temporary;
	 *		r1=temporary
	 *
	 *	  So in this case, you would get the right value is r1 but the wrong info in
	 *	  the ALAT.  Notice that you could do it in reverse to finish with address 3
	 *	  but you would still get the size wrong.  To get the size right, one needs to
	 *	  execute exactly the same kind of load. You could do it from a aligned
	 *	  temporary location, but you would get the address wrong.
	 *
	 *	  So no matter what, it is not possible to emulate an advanced load
	 *	  correctly. But is that really critical ?
	 *
	 *	  We will always convert ld.a into a normal load with ALAT invalidated.  This
	 *	  will enable compiler to do optimization where certain code path after ld.a
	 *	  is not required to have ld.c/chk.a, e.g., code path with no intervening stores.
	 *
	 *	  If there is a store after the advanced load, one must either do a ld.c.* or
	 *	  chk.a.* to reuse the value stored in the ALAT. Both can "fail" (meaning no
	 *	  entry found in ALAT), and that's perfectly ok because:
	 *
	 *		- ld.c.*, if the entry is not present a  normal load is executed
	 *		- chk.a.*, if the entry is not present, execution jumps to recovery code
	 *
	 *	  In either case, the load can be potentially retried in another form.
	 *
	 *	  ALAT must be invalidated for the register (so that chk.a or ld.c don't pick
	 *	  up a stale entry later). The register base update MUST also be performed.
	 */

	/*
	 * when the load has the .acq completer then
	 * use ordering fence.
	 */
	if (ld.x6_op == 0x5 || ld.x6_op == 0xa)
		mb();

	/*
	 * invalidate ALAT entry in case of advanced load
	 */
	if (ld.x6_op == 0x2)
		invala_gr(ld.r1);

	return 0;
}

static int
emulate_store_int (unsigned long ifa, load_store_t ld, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	unsigned long r2;
	unsigned int len = 1 << ld.x6_sz;

	/*
	 * if we get to this handler, Nat bits on both r3 and r2 have already
	 * been checked. so we don't need to do it
	 *
	 * extract the value to be stored
	 */
	getreg(ld.imm, &r2, NULL, regs);

	/*
	 * we rely on the macros in unaligned.h for now i.e.,
	 * we let the compiler figure out how to read memory gracefully.
	 *
	 * We need this switch/case because the way the inline function
	 * works. The code is optimized by the compiler and looks like
	 * a single switch/case.
	 */
	DPRINT("st%d [%lx]=%lx\n", len, ifa, r2);

	if (len != 2 && len != 4 && len != 8) {
		DPRINT("unknown size: x6=%d\n", ld.x6_sz);
		return -1;
	}

	/* this assumes little-endian byte-order: */
	if (copy_to_user((void __user *) ifa, &r2, len))
		return -1;

	/*
	 * stX [r3]=r2,imm(9)
	 *
	 * NOTE:
	 * ld.r3 can never be r0, because r0 would not generate an
	 * unaligned access.
	 */
	if (ld.op == 0x5) {
		unsigned long imm;

		/*
		 * form imm9: [12:6] contain first 7bits
		 */
		imm = ld.x << 7 | ld.r1;
		/*
		 * sign extend (8bits) if m set
		 */
		if (ld.m) imm |= SIGN_EXT9;
		/*
		 * ifa == r3 (NaT is necessarily cleared)
		 */
		ifa += imm;

		DPRINT("imm=%lx r3=%lx\n", imm, ifa);

		setreg(ld.r3, ifa, 0, regs);
	}
	/*
	 * we don't have alat_invalidate_multiple() so we need
	 * to do the complete flush :-<<
	 */
	ia64_invala();

	/*
	 * stX.rel: use fence instead of release
	 */
	if (ld.x6_op == 0xd)
		mb();

	return 0;
}

/*
 * floating point operations sizes in bytes
 */
static const unsigned char float_fsz[4]={
	10, /* extended precision (e) */
	8,  /* integer (8)            */
	4,  /* single precision (s)   */
	8   /* double precision (d)   */
};

static inline void
mem2float_extended (struct ia64_fpreg *init, struct ia64_fpreg *final)
{
	ia64_ldfe(6, init);
	ia64_stop();
	ia64_stf_spill(final, 6);
}

static inline void
mem2float_integer (struct ia64_fpreg *init, struct ia64_fpreg *final)
{
	ia64_ldf8(6, init);
	ia64_stop();
	ia64_stf_spill(final, 6);
}

static inline void
mem2float_single (struct ia64_fpreg *init, struct ia64_fpreg *final)
{
	ia64_ldfs(6, init);
	ia64_stop();
	ia64_stf_spill(final, 6);
}

static inline void
mem2float_double (struct ia64_fpreg *init, struct ia64_fpreg *final)
{
	ia64_ldfd(6, init);
	ia64_stop();
	ia64_stf_spill(final, 6);
}

static inline void
float2mem_extended (struct ia64_fpreg *init, struct ia64_fpreg *final)
{
	ia64_ldf_fill(6, init);
	ia64_stop();
	ia64_stfe(final, 6);
}

static inline void
float2mem_integer (struct ia64_fpreg *init, struct ia64_fpreg *final)
{
	ia64_ldf_fill(6, init);
	ia64_stop();
	ia64_stf8(final, 6);
}

static inline void
float2mem_single (struct ia64_fpreg *init, struct ia64_fpreg *final)
{
	ia64_ldf_fill(6, init);
	ia64_stop();
	ia64_stfs(final, 6);
}

static inline void
float2mem_double (struct ia64_fpreg *init, struct ia64_fpreg *final)
{
	ia64_ldf_fill(6, init);
	ia64_stop();
	ia64_stfd(final, 6);
}

static int
emulate_load_floatpair (unsigned long ifa, load_store_t ld, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct ia64_fpreg fpr_init[2];
	struct ia64_fpreg fpr_final[2];
	unsigned long len = float_fsz[ld.x6_sz];

	/*
	 * fr0 & fr1 don't need to be checked because Illegal Instruction faults have
	 * higher priority than unaligned faults.
	 *
	 * r0 cannot be found as the base as it would never generate an unaligned
	 * reference.
	 */

	/*
	 * make sure we get clean buffers
	 */
	memset(&fpr_init, 0, sizeof(fpr_init));
	memset(&fpr_final, 0, sizeof(fpr_final));

	/*
	 * ldfpX.a: we don't try to emulate anything but we must
	 * invalidate the ALAT entry and execute updates, if any.
	 */
	if (ld.x6_op != 0x2) {
		/*
		 * This assumes little-endian byte-order.  Note that there is no "ldfpe"
		 * instruction:
		 */
		if (copy_from_user(&fpr_init[0], (void __user *) ifa, len)
		    || copy_from_user(&fpr_init[1], (void __user *) (ifa + len), len))
			return -1;

		DPRINT("ld.r1=%d ld.imm=%d x6_sz=%d\n", ld.r1, ld.imm, ld.x6_sz);
		DDUMP("frp_init =", &fpr_init, 2*len);
		/*
		 * XXX fixme
		 * Could optimize inlines by using ldfpX & 2 spills
		 */
		switch( ld.x6_sz ) {
			case 0:
				mem2float_extended(&fpr_init[0], &fpr_final[0]);
				mem2float_extended(&fpr_init[1], &fpr_final[1]);
				break;
			case 1:
				mem2float_integer(&fpr_init[0], &fpr_final[0]);
				mem2float_integer(&fpr_init[1], &fpr_final[1]);
				break;
			case 2:
				mem2float_single(&fpr_init[0], &fpr_final[0]);
				mem2float_single(&fpr_init[1], &fpr_final[1]);
				break;
			case 3:
				mem2float_double(&fpr_init[0], &fpr_final[0]);
				mem2float_double(&fpr_init[1], &fpr_final[1]);
				break;
		}
		DDUMP("fpr_final =", &fpr_final, 2*len);
		/*
		 * XXX fixme
		 *
		 * A possible optimization would be to drop fpr_final and directly
		 * use the storage from the saved context i.e., the actual final
		 * destination (pt_regs, switch_stack or thread structure).
		 */
		setfpreg(ld.r1, &fpr_final[0], regs);
		setfpreg(ld.imm, &fpr_final[1], regs);
	}

	/*
	 * Check for updates: only immediate updates are available for this
	 * instruction.
	 */
	if (ld.m) {
		/*
		 * the immediate is implicit given the ldsz of the operation:
		 * single: 8 (2x4) and for  all others it's 16 (2x8)
		 */
		ifa += len<<1;

		/*
		 * IMPORTANT:
		 * the fact that we force the NaT of r3 to zero is ONLY valid
		 * as long as we don't come here with a ldfpX.s.
		 * For this reason we keep this sanity check
		 */
		if (ld.x6_op == 1 || ld.x6_op == 3)
			printk(KERN_ERR "%s: register update on speculative load pair, error\n",
			       __func__);

		setreg(ld.r3, ifa, 0, regs);
	}

	/*
	 * Invalidate ALAT entries, if any, for both registers.
	 */
	if (ld.x6_op == 0x2) {
		invala_fr(ld.r1);
		invala_fr(ld.imm);
	}
	return 0;
}


static int
emulate_load_float (unsigned long ifa, load_store_t ld, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct ia64_fpreg fpr_init;
	struct ia64_fpreg fpr_final;
	unsigned long len = float_fsz[ld.x6_sz];

	/*
	 * fr0 & fr1 don't need to be checked because Illegal Instruction
	 * faults have higher priority than unaligned faults.
	 *
	 * r0 cannot be found as the base as it would never generate an
	 * unaligned reference.
	 */

	/*
	 * make sure we get clean buffers
	 */
	memset(&fpr_init,0, sizeof(fpr_init));
	memset(&fpr_final,0, sizeof(fpr_final));

	/*
	 * ldfX.a we don't try to emulate anything but we must
	 * invalidate the ALAT entry.
	 * See comments in ldX for descriptions on how the various loads are handled.
	 */
	if (ld.x6_op != 0x2) {
		if (copy_from_user(&fpr_init, (void __user *) ifa, len))
			return -1;

		DPRINT("ld.r1=%d x6_sz=%d\n", ld.r1, ld.x6_sz);
		DDUMP("fpr_init =", &fpr_init, len);
		/*
		 * we only do something for x6_op={0,8,9}
		 */
		switch( ld.x6_sz ) {
			case 0:
				mem2float_extended(&fpr_init, &fpr_final);
				break;
			case 1:
				mem2float_integer(&fpr_init, &fpr_final);
				break;
			case 2:
				mem2float_single(&fpr_init, &fpr_final);
				break;
			case 3:
				mem2float_double(&fpr_init, &fpr_final);
				break;
		}
		DDUMP("fpr_final =", &fpr_final, len);
		/*
		 * XXX fixme
		 *
		 * A possible optimization would be to drop fpr_final and directly
		 * use the storage from the saved context i.e., the actual final
		 * destination (pt_regs, switch_stack or thread structure).
		 */
		setfpreg(ld.r1, &fpr_final, regs);
	}

	/*
	 * check for updates on any loads
	 */
	if (ld.op == 0x7 || ld.m)
		emulate_load_updates(ld.op == 0x7 ? UPD_IMMEDIATE: UPD_REG, ld, regs, ifa);

	/*
	 * invalidate ALAT entry in case of advanced floating point loads
	 */
	if (ld.x6_op == 0x2)
		invala_fr(ld.r1);

	return 0;
}


static int
emulate_store_float (unsigned long ifa, load_store_t ld, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct ia64_fpreg fpr_init;
	struct ia64_fpreg fpr_final;
	unsigned long len = float_fsz[ld.x6_sz];

	/*
	 * make sure we get clean buffers
	 */
	memset(&fpr_init,0, sizeof(fpr_init));
	memset(&fpr_final,0, sizeof(fpr_final));

	/*
	 * if we get to this handler, Nat bits on both r3 and r2 have already
	 * been checked. so we don't need to do it
	 *
	 * extract the value to be stored
	 */
	getfpreg(ld.imm, &fpr_init, regs);
	/*
	 * during this step, we extract the spilled registers from the saved
	 * context i.e., we refill. Then we store (no spill) to temporary
	 * aligned location
	 */
	switch( ld.x6_sz ) {
		case 0:
			float2mem_extended(&fpr_init, &fpr_final);
			break;
		case 1:
			float2mem_integer(&fpr_init, &fpr_final);
			break;
		case 2:
			float2mem_single(&fpr_init, &fpr_final);
			break;
		case 3:
			float2mem_double(&fpr_init, &fpr_final);
			break;
	}
	DPRINT("ld.r1=%d x6_sz=%d\n", ld.r1, ld.x6_sz);
	DDUMP("fpr_init =", &fpr_init, len);
	DDUMP("fpr_final =", &fpr_final, len);

	if (copy_to_user((void __user *) ifa, &fpr_final, len))
		return -1;

	/*
	 * stfX [r3]=r2,imm(9)
	 *
	 * NOTE:
	 * ld.r3 can never be r0, because r0 would not generate an
	 * unaligned access.
	 */
	if (ld.op == 0x7) {
		unsigned long imm;

		/*
		 * form imm9: [12:6] contain first 7bits
		 */
		imm = ld.x << 7 | ld.r1;
		/*
		 * sign extend (8bits) if m set
		 */
		if (ld.m)
			imm |= SIGN_EXT9;
		/*
		 * ifa == r3 (NaT is necessarily cleared)
		 */
		ifa += imm;

		DPRINT("imm=%lx r3=%lx\n", imm, ifa);

		setreg(ld.r3, ifa, 0, regs);
	}
	/*
	 * we don't have alat_invalidate_multiple() so we need
	 * to do the complete flush :-<<
	 */
	ia64_invala();

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Make sure we log the unaligned access, so that user/sysadmin can notice it and
 * eventually fix the program.  However, we don't want to do that for every access so we
 * pace it with jiffies.
 */
static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(logging_rate_limit, 5 * HZ, 5);

void
ia64_handle_unaligned (unsigned long ifa, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct ia64_psr *ipsr = ia64_psr(regs);
	mm_segment_t old_fs = get_fs();
	unsigned long bundle[2];
	unsigned long opcode;
	struct siginfo si;
	const struct exception_table_entry *eh = NULL;
	union {
		unsigned long l;
		load_store_t insn;
	} u;
	int ret = -1;

	if (ia64_psr(regs)->be) {
		/* we don't support big-endian accesses */
		if (die_if_kernel("big-endian unaligned accesses are not supported", regs, 0))
			return;
		goto force_sigbus;
	}

	/*
	 * Treat kernel accesses for which there is an exception handler entry the same as
	 * user-level unaligned accesses.  Otherwise, a clever program could trick this
	 * handler into reading an arbitrary kernel addresses...
	 */
	if (!user_mode(regs))
		eh = search_exception_tables(regs->cr_iip + ia64_psr(regs)->ri);
	if (user_mode(regs) || eh) {
		if ((current->thread.flags & IA64_THREAD_UAC_SIGBUS) != 0)
			goto force_sigbus;

		if (!no_unaligned_warning &&
		    !(current->thread.flags & IA64_THREAD_UAC_NOPRINT) &&
		    __ratelimit(&logging_rate_limit))
		{
			char buf[200];	/* comm[] is at most 16 bytes... */
			size_t len;

			len = sprintf(buf, "%s(%d): unaligned access to 0x%016lx, "
				      "ip=0x%016lx\n\r", current->comm,
				      task_pid_nr(current),
				      ifa, regs->cr_iip + ipsr->ri);
			/*
			 * Don't call tty_write_message() if we're in the kernel; we might
			 * be holding locks...
			 */
			if (user_mode(regs)) {
				struct tty_struct *tty = get_current_tty();
				tty_write_message(tty, buf);
				tty_kref_put(tty);
			}
			buf[len-1] = '\0';	/* drop '\r' */
			/* watch for command names containing %s */
			printk(KERN_WARNING "%s", buf);
		} else {
			if (no_unaligned_warning) {
				printk_once(KERN_WARNING "%s(%d) encountered an "
				       "unaligned exception which required\n"
				       "kernel assistance, which degrades "
				       "the performance of the application.\n"
				       "Unaligned exception warnings have "
				       "been disabled by the system "
				       "administrator\n"
				       "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/ignore-"
				       "unaligned-usertrap to re-enable\n",
				       current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
			}
		}
	} else {
		if (__ratelimit(&logging_rate_limit)) {
			printk(KERN_WARNING "kernel unaligned access to 0x%016lx, ip=0x%016lx\n",
			       ifa, regs->cr_iip + ipsr->ri);
			if (unaligned_dump_stack)
				dump_stack();
		}
		set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
	}

	DPRINT("iip=%lx ifa=%lx isr=%lx (ei=%d, sp=%d)\n",
	       regs->cr_iip, ifa, regs->cr_ipsr, ipsr->ri, ipsr->it);

	if (__copy_from_user(bundle, (void __user *) regs->cr_iip, 16))
		goto failure;

	/*
	 * extract the instruction from the bundle given the slot number
	 */
	switch (ipsr->ri) {
	      default:
	      case 0: u.l = (bundle[0] >>  5); break;
	      case 1: u.l = (bundle[0] >> 46) | (bundle[1] << 18); break;
	      case 2: u.l = (bundle[1] >> 23); break;
	}
	opcode = (u.l >> IA64_OPCODE_SHIFT) & IA64_OPCODE_MASK;

	DPRINT("opcode=%lx ld.qp=%d ld.r1=%d ld.imm=%d ld.r3=%d ld.x=%d ld.hint=%d "
	       "ld.x6=0x%x ld.m=%d ld.op=%d\n", opcode, u.insn.qp, u.insn.r1, u.insn.imm,
	       u.insn.r3, u.insn.x, u.insn.hint, u.insn.x6_sz, u.insn.m, u.insn.op);

	/*
	 * IMPORTANT:
	 * Notice that the switch statement DOES not cover all possible instructions
	 * that DO generate unaligned references. This is made on purpose because for some
	 * instructions it DOES NOT make sense to try and emulate the access. Sometimes it
	 * is WRONG to try and emulate. Here is a list of instruction we don't emulate i.e.,
	 * the program will get a signal and die:
	 *
	 *	load/store:
	 *		- ldX.spill
	 *		- stX.spill
	 *	Reason: RNATs are based on addresses
	 *		- ld16
	 *		- st16
	 *	Reason: ld16 and st16 are supposed to occur in a single
	 *		memory op
	 *
	 *	synchronization:
	 *		- cmpxchg
	 *		- fetchadd
	 *		- xchg
	 *	Reason: ATOMIC operations cannot be emulated properly using multiple
	 *	        instructions.
	 *
	 *	speculative loads:
	 *		- ldX.sZ
	 *	Reason: side effects, code must be ready to deal with failure so simpler
	 *		to let the load fail.
	 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	 * XXX fixme
	 *
	 * I would like to get rid of this switch case and do something
	 * more elegant.
	 */
	switch (opcode) {
	      case LDS_OP:
	      case LDSA_OP:
		if (u.insn.x)
			/* oops, really a semaphore op (cmpxchg, etc) */
			goto failure;
		/* no break */
	      case LDS_IMM_OP:
	      case LDSA_IMM_OP:
	      case LDFS_OP:
	      case LDFSA_OP:
	      case LDFS_IMM_OP:
		/*
		 * The instruction will be retried with deferred exceptions turned on, and
		 * we should get Nat bit installed
		 *
		 * IMPORTANT: When PSR_ED is set, the register & immediate update forms
		 * are actually executed even though the operation failed. So we don't
		 * need to take care of this.
		 */
		DPRINT("forcing PSR_ED\n");
		regs->cr_ipsr |= IA64_PSR_ED;
		goto done;

	      case LD_OP:
	      case LDA_OP:
	      case LDBIAS_OP:
	      case LDACQ_OP:
	      case LDCCLR_OP:
	      case LDCNC_OP:
	      case LDCCLRACQ_OP:
		if (u.insn.x)
			/* oops, really a semaphore op (cmpxchg, etc) */
			goto failure;
		/* no break */
	      case LD_IMM_OP:
	      case LDA_IMM_OP:
	      case LDBIAS_IMM_OP:
	      case LDACQ_IMM_OP:
	      case LDCCLR_IMM_OP:
	      case LDCNC_IMM_OP:
	      case LDCCLRACQ_IMM_OP:
		ret = emulate_load_int(ifa, u.insn, regs);
		break;

	      case ST_OP:
	      case STREL_OP:
		if (u.insn.x)
			/* oops, really a semaphore op (cmpxchg, etc) */
			goto failure;
		/* no break */
	      case ST_IMM_OP:
	      case STREL_IMM_OP:
		ret = emulate_store_int(ifa, u.insn, regs);
		break;

	      case LDF_OP:
	      case LDFA_OP:
	      case LDFCCLR_OP:
	      case LDFCNC_OP:
		if (u.insn.x)
			ret = emulate_load_floatpair(ifa, u.insn, regs);
		else
			ret = emulate_load_float(ifa, u.insn, regs);
		break;

	      case LDF_IMM_OP:
	      case LDFA_IMM_OP:
	      case LDFCCLR_IMM_OP:
	      case LDFCNC_IMM_OP:
		ret = emulate_load_float(ifa, u.insn, regs);
		break;

	      case STF_OP:
	      case STF_IMM_OP:
		ret = emulate_store_float(ifa, u.insn, regs);
		break;

	      default:
		goto failure;
	}
	DPRINT("ret=%d\n", ret);
	if (ret)
		goto failure;

	if (ipsr->ri == 2)
		/*
		 * given today's architecture this case is not likely to happen because a
		 * memory access instruction (M) can never be in the last slot of a
		 * bundle. But let's keep it for now.
		 */
		regs->cr_iip += 16;
	ipsr->ri = (ipsr->ri + 1) & 0x3;

	DPRINT("ipsr->ri=%d iip=%lx\n", ipsr->ri, regs->cr_iip);
  done:
	set_fs(old_fs);		/* restore original address limit */
	return;

  failure:
	/* something went wrong... */
	if (!user_mode(regs)) {
		if (eh) {
			ia64_handle_exception(regs, eh);
			goto done;
		}
		if (die_if_kernel("error during unaligned kernel access\n", regs, ret))
			return;
		/* NOT_REACHED */
	}
  force_sigbus:
	si.si_signo = SIGBUS;
	si.si_errno = 0;
	si.si_code = BUS_ADRALN;
	si.si_addr = (void __user *) ifa;
	si.si_flags = 0;
	si.si_isr = 0;
	si.si_imm = 0;
	force_sig_info(SIGBUS, &si, current);
	goto done;
}