summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/fs/file_table.c
blob: 3ba764d73fc9b97ded9c8782717cb4baf6971be0 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 *  linux/fs/file_table.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 *  Copyright (C) 1997 David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu)
 */

#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/fdtable.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/filelock.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/cred.h>
#include <linux/eventpoll.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/fsnotify.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/task_work.h>
#include <linux/ima.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>

#include <linux/atomic.h>

#include "internal.h"

/* sysctl tunables... */
static struct files_stat_struct files_stat = {
	.max_files = NR_FILE
};

/* SLAB cache for file structures */
static struct kmem_cache *filp_cachep __ro_after_init;

static struct percpu_counter nr_files __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;

/* Container for backing file with optional user path */
struct backing_file {
	struct file file;
	struct path user_path;
};

static inline struct backing_file *backing_file(struct file *f)
{
	return container_of(f, struct backing_file, file);
}

struct path *backing_file_user_path(struct file *f)
{
	return &backing_file(f)->user_path;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(backing_file_user_path);

static inline void file_free(struct file *f)
{
	security_file_free(f);
	if (likely(!(f->f_mode & FMODE_NOACCOUNT)))
		percpu_counter_dec(&nr_files);
	put_cred(f->f_cred);
	if (unlikely(f->f_mode & FMODE_BACKING)) {
		path_put(backing_file_user_path(f));
		kfree(backing_file(f));
	} else {
		kmem_cache_free(filp_cachep, f);
	}
}

/*
 * Return the total number of open files in the system
 */
static long get_nr_files(void)
{
	return percpu_counter_read_positive(&nr_files);
}

/*
 * Return the maximum number of open files in the system
 */
unsigned long get_max_files(void)
{
	return files_stat.max_files;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_max_files);

#if defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL) && defined(CONFIG_PROC_FS)

/*
 * Handle nr_files sysctl
 */
static int proc_nr_files(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer,
			 size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
	files_stat.nr_files = get_nr_files();
	return proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
}

static struct ctl_table fs_stat_sysctls[] = {
	{
		.procname	= "file-nr",
		.data		= &files_stat,
		.maxlen		= sizeof(files_stat),
		.mode		= 0444,
		.proc_handler	= proc_nr_files,
	},
	{
		.procname	= "file-max",
		.data		= &files_stat.max_files,
		.maxlen		= sizeof(files_stat.max_files),
		.mode		= 0644,
		.proc_handler	= proc_doulongvec_minmax,
		.extra1		= SYSCTL_LONG_ZERO,
		.extra2		= SYSCTL_LONG_MAX,
	},
	{
		.procname	= "nr_open",
		.data		= &sysctl_nr_open,
		.maxlen		= sizeof(unsigned int),
		.mode		= 0644,
		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec_minmax,
		.extra1		= &sysctl_nr_open_min,
		.extra2		= &sysctl_nr_open_max,
	},
	{ }
};

static int __init init_fs_stat_sysctls(void)
{
	register_sysctl_init("fs", fs_stat_sysctls);
	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC)) {
		struct ctl_table_header *hdr;
		hdr = register_sysctl_mount_point("fs/binfmt_misc");
		kmemleak_not_leak(hdr);
	}
	return 0;
}
fs_initcall(init_fs_stat_sysctls);
#endif

static int init_file(struct file *f, int flags, const struct cred *cred)
{
	int error;

	f->f_cred = get_cred(cred);
	error = security_file_alloc(f);
	if (unlikely(error)) {
		put_cred(f->f_cred);
		return error;
	}

	rwlock_init(&f->f_owner.lock);
	spin_lock_init(&f->f_lock);
	mutex_init(&f->f_pos_lock);
	f->f_flags = flags;
	f->f_mode = OPEN_FMODE(flags);
	/* f->f_version: 0 */

	/*
	 * We're SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU so initialize f_count last. While
	 * fget-rcu pattern users need to be able to handle spurious
	 * refcount bumps we should reinitialize the reused file first.
	 */
	atomic_long_set(&f->f_count, 1);
	return 0;
}

/* Find an unused file structure and return a pointer to it.
 * Returns an error pointer if some error happend e.g. we over file
 * structures limit, run out of memory or operation is not permitted.
 *
 * Be very careful using this.  You are responsible for
 * getting write access to any mount that you might assign
 * to this filp, if it is opened for write.  If this is not
 * done, you will imbalance int the mount's writer count
 * and a warning at __fput() time.
 */
struct file *alloc_empty_file(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
{
	static long old_max;
	struct file *f;
	int error;

	/*
	 * Privileged users can go above max_files
	 */
	if (get_nr_files() >= files_stat.max_files && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
		/*
		 * percpu_counters are inaccurate.  Do an expensive check before
		 * we go and fail.
		 */
		if (percpu_counter_sum_positive(&nr_files) >= files_stat.max_files)
			goto over;
	}

	f = kmem_cache_zalloc(filp_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (unlikely(!f))
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	error = init_file(f, flags, cred);
	if (unlikely(error)) {
		kmem_cache_free(filp_cachep, f);
		return ERR_PTR(error);
	}

	percpu_counter_inc(&nr_files);

	return f;

over:
	/* Ran out of filps - report that */
	if (get_nr_files() > old_max) {
		pr_info("VFS: file-max limit %lu reached\n", get_max_files());
		old_max = get_nr_files();
	}
	return ERR_PTR(-ENFILE);
}

/*
 * Variant of alloc_empty_file() that doesn't check and modify nr_files.
 *
 * This is only for kernel internal use, and the allocate file must not be
 * installed into file tables or such.
 */
struct file *alloc_empty_file_noaccount(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
{
	struct file *f;
	int error;

	f = kmem_cache_zalloc(filp_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (unlikely(!f))
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	error = init_file(f, flags, cred);
	if (unlikely(error)) {
		kmem_cache_free(filp_cachep, f);
		return ERR_PTR(error);
	}

	f->f_mode |= FMODE_NOACCOUNT;

	return f;
}

/*
 * Variant of alloc_empty_file() that allocates a backing_file container
 * and doesn't check and modify nr_files.
 *
 * This is only for kernel internal use, and the allocate file must not be
 * installed into file tables or such.
 */
struct file *alloc_empty_backing_file(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
{
	struct backing_file *ff;
	int error;

	ff = kzalloc(sizeof(struct backing_file), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (unlikely(!ff))
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	error = init_file(&ff->file, flags, cred);
	if (unlikely(error)) {
		kfree(ff);
		return ERR_PTR(error);
	}

	ff->file.f_mode |= FMODE_BACKING | FMODE_NOACCOUNT;
	return &ff->file;
}

/**
 * alloc_file - allocate and initialize a 'struct file'
 *
 * @path: the (dentry, vfsmount) pair for the new file
 * @flags: O_... flags with which the new file will be opened
 * @fop: the 'struct file_operations' for the new file
 */
static struct file *alloc_file(const struct path *path, int flags,
		const struct file_operations *fop)
{
	struct file *file;

	file = alloc_empty_file(flags, current_cred());
	if (IS_ERR(file))
		return file;

	file->f_path = *path;
	file->f_inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
	file->f_mapping = path->dentry->d_inode->i_mapping;
	file->f_wb_err = filemap_sample_wb_err(file->f_mapping);
	file->f_sb_err = file_sample_sb_err(file);
	if (fop->llseek)
		file->f_mode |= FMODE_LSEEK;
	if ((file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) &&
	     likely(fop->read || fop->read_iter))
		file->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_READ;
	if ((file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) &&
	     likely(fop->write || fop->write_iter))
		file->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_WRITE;
	file->f_iocb_flags = iocb_flags(file);
	file->f_mode |= FMODE_OPENED;
	file->f_op = fop;
	if ((file->f_mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)) == FMODE_READ)
		i_readcount_inc(path->dentry->d_inode);
	return file;
}

struct file *alloc_file_pseudo(struct inode *inode, struct vfsmount *mnt,
				const char *name, int flags,
				const struct file_operations *fops)
{
	static const struct dentry_operations anon_ops = {
		.d_dname = simple_dname
	};
	struct qstr this = QSTR_INIT(name, strlen(name));
	struct path path;
	struct file *file;

	path.dentry = d_alloc_pseudo(mnt->mnt_sb, &this);
	if (!path.dentry)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
	if (!mnt->mnt_sb->s_d_op)
		d_set_d_op(path.dentry, &anon_ops);
	path.mnt = mntget(mnt);
	d_instantiate(path.dentry, inode);
	file = alloc_file(&path, flags, fops);
	if (IS_ERR(file)) {
		ihold(inode);
		path_put(&path);
	}
	return file;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_file_pseudo);

struct file *alloc_file_clone(struct file *base, int flags,
				const struct file_operations *fops)
{
	struct file *f = alloc_file(&base->f_path, flags, fops);
	if (!IS_ERR(f)) {
		path_get(&f->f_path);
		f->f_mapping = base->f_mapping;
	}
	return f;
}

/* the real guts of fput() - releasing the last reference to file
 */
static void __fput(struct file *file)
{
	struct dentry *dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
	struct vfsmount *mnt = file->f_path.mnt;
	struct inode *inode = file->f_inode;
	fmode_t mode = file->f_mode;

	if (unlikely(!(file->f_mode & FMODE_OPENED)))
		goto out;

	might_sleep();

	fsnotify_close(file);
	/*
	 * The function eventpoll_release() should be the first called
	 * in the file cleanup chain.
	 */
	eventpoll_release(file);
	locks_remove_file(file);

	ima_file_free(file);
	if (unlikely(file->f_flags & FASYNC)) {
		if (file->f_op->fasync)
			file->f_op->fasync(-1, file, 0);
	}
	if (file->f_op->release)
		file->f_op->release(inode, file);
	if (unlikely(S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) && inode->i_cdev != NULL &&
		     !(mode & FMODE_PATH))) {
		cdev_put(inode->i_cdev);
	}
	fops_put(file->f_op);
	put_pid(file->f_owner.pid);
	put_file_access(file);
	dput(dentry);
	if (unlikely(mode & FMODE_NEED_UNMOUNT))
		dissolve_on_fput(mnt);
	mntput(mnt);
out:
	file_free(file);
}

static LLIST_HEAD(delayed_fput_list);
static void delayed_fput(struct work_struct *unused)
{
	struct llist_node *node = llist_del_all(&delayed_fput_list);
	struct file *f, *t;

	llist_for_each_entry_safe(f, t, node, f_llist)
		__fput(f);
}

static void ____fput(struct callback_head *work)
{
	__fput(container_of(work, struct file, f_task_work));
}

/*
 * If kernel thread really needs to have the final fput() it has done
 * to complete, call this.  The only user right now is the boot - we
 * *do* need to make sure our writes to binaries on initramfs has
 * not left us with opened struct file waiting for __fput() - execve()
 * won't work without that.  Please, don't add more callers without
 * very good reasons; in particular, never call that with locks
 * held and never call that from a thread that might need to do
 * some work on any kind of umount.
 */
void flush_delayed_fput(void)
{
	delayed_fput(NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(flush_delayed_fput);

static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(delayed_fput_work, delayed_fput);

void fput(struct file *file)
{
	if (atomic_long_dec_and_test(&file->f_count)) {
		struct task_struct *task = current;

		if (unlikely(!(file->f_mode & (FMODE_BACKING | FMODE_OPENED)))) {
			file_free(file);
			return;
		}
		if (likely(!in_interrupt() && !(task->flags & PF_KTHREAD))) {
			init_task_work(&file->f_task_work, ____fput);
			if (!task_work_add(task, &file->f_task_work, TWA_RESUME))
				return;
			/*
			 * After this task has run exit_task_work(),
			 * task_work_add() will fail.  Fall through to delayed
			 * fput to avoid leaking *file.
			 */
		}

		if (llist_add(&file->f_llist, &delayed_fput_list))
			schedule_delayed_work(&delayed_fput_work, 1);
	}
}

/*
 * synchronous analog of fput(); for kernel threads that might be needed
 * in some umount() (and thus can't use flush_delayed_fput() without
 * risking deadlocks), need to wait for completion of __fput() and know
 * for this specific struct file it won't involve anything that would
 * need them.  Use only if you really need it - at the very least,
 * don't blindly convert fput() by kernel thread to that.
 */
void __fput_sync(struct file *file)
{
	if (atomic_long_dec_and_test(&file->f_count))
		__fput(file);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(fput);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__fput_sync);

void __init files_init(void)
{
	filp_cachep = kmem_cache_create("filp", sizeof(struct file), 0,
				SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU | SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN |
				SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_ACCOUNT, NULL);
	percpu_counter_init(&nr_files, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
}

/*
 * One file with associated inode and dcache is very roughly 1K. Per default
 * do not use more than 10% of our memory for files.
 */
void __init files_maxfiles_init(void)
{
	unsigned long n;
	unsigned long nr_pages = totalram_pages();
	unsigned long memreserve = (nr_pages - nr_free_pages()) * 3/2;

	memreserve = min(memreserve, nr_pages - 1);
	n = ((nr_pages - memreserve) * (PAGE_SIZE / 1024)) / 10;

	files_stat.max_files = max_t(unsigned long, n, NR_FILE);
}