summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/mm/memory_hotplug.c
blob: 375a42d76b2c1e38afc52f902f83106d9e16d74f (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
/*
 *  linux/mm/memory_hotplug.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C)
 */

#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/memory.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/page-isolation.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/firmware-map.h>
#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>

#include <asm/tlbflush.h>

#include "internal.h"

/*
 * online_page_callback contains pointer to current page onlining function.
 * Initially it is generic_online_page(). If it is required it could be
 * changed by calling set_online_page_callback() for callback registration
 * and restore_online_page_callback() for generic callback restore.
 */

static void generic_online_page(struct page *page);

static online_page_callback_t online_page_callback = generic_online_page;

DEFINE_MUTEX(mem_hotplug_mutex);

void lock_memory_hotplug(void)
{
	mutex_lock(&mem_hotplug_mutex);
}

void unlock_memory_hotplug(void)
{
	mutex_unlock(&mem_hotplug_mutex);
}


/* add this memory to iomem resource */
static struct resource *register_memory_resource(u64 start, u64 size)
{
	struct resource *res;
	res = kzalloc(sizeof(struct resource), GFP_KERNEL);
	BUG_ON(!res);

	res->name = "System RAM";
	res->start = start;
	res->end = start + size - 1;
	res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
	if (request_resource(&iomem_resource, res) < 0) {
		pr_debug("System RAM resource %pR cannot be added\n", res);
		kfree(res);
		res = NULL;
	}
	return res;
}

static void release_memory_resource(struct resource *res)
{
	if (!res)
		return;
	release_resource(res);
	kfree(res);
	return;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE
void get_page_bootmem(unsigned long info,  struct page *page,
		      unsigned long type)
{
	page->lru.next = (struct list_head *) type;
	SetPagePrivate(page);
	set_page_private(page, info);
	atomic_inc(&page->_count);
}

void put_page_bootmem(struct page *page)
{
	unsigned long type;

	type = (unsigned long) page->lru.next;
	BUG_ON(type < MEMORY_HOTPLUG_MIN_BOOTMEM_TYPE ||
	       type > MEMORY_HOTPLUG_MAX_BOOTMEM_TYPE);

	if (atomic_dec_return(&page->_count) == 1) {
		ClearPagePrivate(page);
		set_page_private(page, 0);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
		free_reserved_page(page);
	}
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE
#ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
static void register_page_bootmem_info_section(unsigned long start_pfn)
{
	unsigned long *usemap, mapsize, section_nr, i;
	struct mem_section *ms;
	struct page *page, *memmap;

	section_nr = pfn_to_section_nr(start_pfn);
	ms = __nr_to_section(section_nr);

	/* Get section's memmap address */
	memmap = sparse_decode_mem_map(ms->section_mem_map, section_nr);

	/*
	 * Get page for the memmap's phys address
	 * XXX: need more consideration for sparse_vmemmap...
	 */
	page = virt_to_page(memmap);
	mapsize = sizeof(struct page) * PAGES_PER_SECTION;
	mapsize = PAGE_ALIGN(mapsize) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	/* remember memmap's page */
	for (i = 0; i < mapsize; i++, page++)
		get_page_bootmem(section_nr, page, SECTION_INFO);

	usemap = __nr_to_section(section_nr)->pageblock_flags;
	page = virt_to_page(usemap);

	mapsize = PAGE_ALIGN(usemap_size()) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	for (i = 0; i < mapsize; i++, page++)
		get_page_bootmem(section_nr, page, MIX_SECTION_INFO);

}
#else /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP */
static void register_page_bootmem_info_section(unsigned long start_pfn)
{
	unsigned long *usemap, mapsize, section_nr, i;
	struct mem_section *ms;
	struct page *page, *memmap;

	if (!pfn_valid(start_pfn))
		return;

	section_nr = pfn_to_section_nr(start_pfn);
	ms = __nr_to_section(section_nr);

	memmap = sparse_decode_mem_map(ms->section_mem_map, section_nr);

	register_page_bootmem_memmap(section_nr, memmap, PAGES_PER_SECTION);

	usemap = __nr_to_section(section_nr)->pageblock_flags;
	page = virt_to_page(usemap);

	mapsize = PAGE_ALIGN(usemap_size()) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	for (i = 0; i < mapsize; i++, page++)
		get_page_bootmem(section_nr, page, MIX_SECTION_INFO);
}
#endif /* !CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP */

void register_page_bootmem_info_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
{
	unsigned long i, pfn, end_pfn, nr_pages;
	int node = pgdat->node_id;
	struct page *page;
	struct zone *zone;

	nr_pages = PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(struct pglist_data)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	page = virt_to_page(pgdat);

	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++, page++)
		get_page_bootmem(node, page, NODE_INFO);

	zone = &pgdat->node_zones[0];
	for (; zone < pgdat->node_zones + MAX_NR_ZONES - 1; zone++) {
		if (zone_is_initialized(zone)) {
			nr_pages = zone->wait_table_hash_nr_entries
				* sizeof(wait_queue_head_t);
			nr_pages = PAGE_ALIGN(nr_pages) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
			page = virt_to_page(zone->wait_table);

			for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++, page++)
				get_page_bootmem(node, page, NODE_INFO);
		}
	}

	pfn = pgdat->node_start_pfn;
	end_pfn = pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat);

	/* register section info */
	for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
		/*
		 * Some platforms can assign the same pfn to multiple nodes - on
		 * node0 as well as nodeN.  To avoid registering a pfn against
		 * multiple nodes we check that this pfn does not already
		 * reside in some other nodes.
		 */
		if (pfn_valid(pfn) && (pfn_to_nid(pfn) == node))
			register_page_bootmem_info_section(pfn);
	}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE */

static void grow_zone_span(struct zone *zone, unsigned long start_pfn,
			   unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	unsigned long old_zone_end_pfn;

	zone_span_writelock(zone);

	old_zone_end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone);
	if (zone_is_empty(zone) || start_pfn < zone->zone_start_pfn)
		zone->zone_start_pfn = start_pfn;

	zone->spanned_pages = max(old_zone_end_pfn, end_pfn) -
				zone->zone_start_pfn;

	zone_span_writeunlock(zone);
}

static void resize_zone(struct zone *zone, unsigned long start_pfn,
		unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	zone_span_writelock(zone);

	if (end_pfn - start_pfn) {
		zone->zone_start_pfn = start_pfn;
		zone->spanned_pages = end_pfn - start_pfn;
	} else {
		/*
		 * make it consist as free_area_init_core(),
		 * if spanned_pages = 0, then keep start_pfn = 0
		 */
		zone->zone_start_pfn = 0;
		zone->spanned_pages = 0;
	}

	zone_span_writeunlock(zone);
}

static void fix_zone_id(struct zone *zone, unsigned long start_pfn,
		unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	enum zone_type zid = zone_idx(zone);
	int nid = zone->zone_pgdat->node_id;
	unsigned long pfn;

	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++)
		set_page_links(pfn_to_page(pfn), zid, nid, pfn);
}

/* Can fail with -ENOMEM from allocating a wait table with vmalloc() or
 * alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic() */
static int __ref ensure_zone_is_initialized(struct zone *zone,
			unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long num_pages)
{
	if (!zone_is_initialized(zone))
		return init_currently_empty_zone(zone, start_pfn, num_pages,
						 MEMMAP_HOTPLUG);
	return 0;
}

static int __meminit move_pfn_range_left(struct zone *z1, struct zone *z2,
		unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	int ret;
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned long z1_start_pfn;

	ret = ensure_zone_is_initialized(z1, start_pfn, end_pfn - start_pfn);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	pgdat_resize_lock(z1->zone_pgdat, &flags);

	/* can't move pfns which are higher than @z2 */
	if (end_pfn > zone_end_pfn(z2))
		goto out_fail;
	/* the move out part must be at the left most of @z2 */
	if (start_pfn > z2->zone_start_pfn)
		goto out_fail;
	/* must included/overlap */
	if (end_pfn <= z2->zone_start_pfn)
		goto out_fail;

	/* use start_pfn for z1's start_pfn if z1 is empty */
	if (!zone_is_empty(z1))
		z1_start_pfn = z1->zone_start_pfn;
	else
		z1_start_pfn = start_pfn;

	resize_zone(z1, z1_start_pfn, end_pfn);
	resize_zone(z2, end_pfn, zone_end_pfn(z2));

	pgdat_resize_unlock(z1->zone_pgdat, &flags);

	fix_zone_id(z1, start_pfn, end_pfn);

	return 0;
out_fail:
	pgdat_resize_unlock(z1->zone_pgdat, &flags);
	return -1;
}

static int __meminit move_pfn_range_right(struct zone *z1, struct zone *z2,
		unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	int ret;
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned long z2_end_pfn;

	ret = ensure_zone_is_initialized(z2, start_pfn, end_pfn - start_pfn);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	pgdat_resize_lock(z1->zone_pgdat, &flags);

	/* can't move pfns which are lower than @z1 */
	if (z1->zone_start_pfn > start_pfn)
		goto out_fail;
	/* the move out part mast at the right most of @z1 */
	if (zone_end_pfn(z1) >  end_pfn)
		goto out_fail;
	/* must included/overlap */
	if (start_pfn >= zone_end_pfn(z1))
		goto out_fail;

	/* use end_pfn for z2's end_pfn if z2 is empty */
	if (!zone_is_empty(z2))
		z2_end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(z2);
	else
		z2_end_pfn = end_pfn;

	resize_zone(z1, z1->zone_start_pfn, start_pfn);
	resize_zone(z2, start_pfn, z2_end_pfn);

	pgdat_resize_unlock(z1->zone_pgdat, &flags);

	fix_zone_id(z2, start_pfn, end_pfn);

	return 0;
out_fail:
	pgdat_resize_unlock(z1->zone_pgdat, &flags);
	return -1;
}

static void grow_pgdat_span(struct pglist_data *pgdat, unsigned long start_pfn,
			    unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	unsigned long old_pgdat_end_pfn = pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat);

	if (!pgdat->node_spanned_pages || start_pfn < pgdat->node_start_pfn)
		pgdat->node_start_pfn = start_pfn;

	pgdat->node_spanned_pages = max(old_pgdat_end_pfn, end_pfn) -
					pgdat->node_start_pfn;
}

static int __meminit __add_zone(struct zone *zone, unsigned long phys_start_pfn)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
	int nr_pages = PAGES_PER_SECTION;
	int nid = pgdat->node_id;
	int zone_type;
	unsigned long flags;
	int ret;

	zone_type = zone - pgdat->node_zones;
	ret = ensure_zone_is_initialized(zone, phys_start_pfn, nr_pages);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	pgdat_resize_lock(zone->zone_pgdat, &flags);
	grow_zone_span(zone, phys_start_pfn, phys_start_pfn + nr_pages);
	grow_pgdat_span(zone->zone_pgdat, phys_start_pfn,
			phys_start_pfn + nr_pages);
	pgdat_resize_unlock(zone->zone_pgdat, &flags);
	memmap_init_zone(nr_pages, nid, zone_type,
			 phys_start_pfn, MEMMAP_HOTPLUG);
	return 0;
}

static int __meminit __add_section(int nid, struct zone *zone,
					unsigned long phys_start_pfn)
{
	int nr_pages = PAGES_PER_SECTION;
	int ret;

	if (pfn_valid(phys_start_pfn))
		return -EEXIST;

	ret = sparse_add_one_section(zone, phys_start_pfn, nr_pages);

	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	ret = __add_zone(zone, phys_start_pfn);

	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	return register_new_memory(nid, __pfn_to_section(phys_start_pfn));
}

/*
 * Reasonably generic function for adding memory.  It is
 * expected that archs that support memory hotplug will
 * call this function after deciding the zone to which to
 * add the new pages.
 */
int __ref __add_pages(int nid, struct zone *zone, unsigned long phys_start_pfn,
			unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	unsigned long i;
	int err = 0;
	int start_sec, end_sec;
	/* during initialize mem_map, align hot-added range to section */
	start_sec = pfn_to_section_nr(phys_start_pfn);
	end_sec = pfn_to_section_nr(phys_start_pfn + nr_pages - 1);

	for (i = start_sec; i <= end_sec; i++) {
		err = __add_section(nid, zone, i << PFN_SECTION_SHIFT);

		/*
		 * EEXIST is finally dealt with by ioresource collision
		 * check. see add_memory() => register_memory_resource()
		 * Warning will be printed if there is collision.
		 */
		if (err && (err != -EEXIST))
			break;
		err = 0;
	}

	return err;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__add_pages);

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
/* find the smallest valid pfn in the range [start_pfn, end_pfn) */
static int find_smallest_section_pfn(int nid, struct zone *zone,
				     unsigned long start_pfn,
				     unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	struct mem_section *ms;

	for (; start_pfn < end_pfn; start_pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
		ms = __pfn_to_section(start_pfn);

		if (unlikely(!valid_section(ms)))
			continue;

		if (unlikely(pfn_to_nid(start_pfn) != nid))
			continue;

		if (zone && zone != page_zone(pfn_to_page(start_pfn)))
			continue;

		return start_pfn;
	}

	return 0;
}

/* find the biggest valid pfn in the range [start_pfn, end_pfn). */
static int find_biggest_section_pfn(int nid, struct zone *zone,
				    unsigned long start_pfn,
				    unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	struct mem_section *ms;
	unsigned long pfn;

	/* pfn is the end pfn of a memory section. */
	pfn = end_pfn - 1;
	for (; pfn >= start_pfn; pfn -= PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
		ms = __pfn_to_section(pfn);

		if (unlikely(!valid_section(ms)))
			continue;

		if (unlikely(pfn_to_nid(pfn) != nid))
			continue;

		if (zone && zone != page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn)))
			continue;

		return pfn;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void shrink_zone_span(struct zone *zone, unsigned long start_pfn,
			     unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	unsigned long zone_start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
	unsigned long z = zone_end_pfn(zone); /* zone_end_pfn namespace clash */
	unsigned long zone_end_pfn = z;
	unsigned long pfn;
	struct mem_section *ms;
	int nid = zone_to_nid(zone);

	zone_span_writelock(zone);
	if (zone_start_pfn == start_pfn) {
		/*
		 * If the section is smallest section in the zone, it need
		 * shrink zone->zone_start_pfn and zone->zone_spanned_pages.
		 * In this case, we find second smallest valid mem_section
		 * for shrinking zone.
		 */
		pfn = find_smallest_section_pfn(nid, zone, end_pfn,
						zone_end_pfn);
		if (pfn) {
			zone->zone_start_pfn = pfn;
			zone->spanned_pages = zone_end_pfn - pfn;
		}
	} else if (zone_end_pfn == end_pfn) {
		/*
		 * If the section is biggest section in the zone, it need
		 * shrink zone->spanned_pages.
		 * In this case, we find second biggest valid mem_section for
		 * shrinking zone.
		 */
		pfn = find_biggest_section_pfn(nid, zone, zone_start_pfn,
					       start_pfn);
		if (pfn)
			zone->spanned_pages = pfn - zone_start_pfn + 1;
	}

	/*
	 * The section is not biggest or smallest mem_section in the zone, it
	 * only creates a hole in the zone. So in this case, we need not
	 * change the zone. But perhaps, the zone has only hole data. Thus
	 * it check the zone has only hole or not.
	 */
	pfn = zone_start_pfn;
	for (; pfn < zone_end_pfn; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
		ms = __pfn_to_section(pfn);

		if (unlikely(!valid_section(ms)))
			continue;

		if (page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn)) != zone)
			continue;

		 /* If the section is current section, it continues the loop */
		if (start_pfn == pfn)
			continue;

		/* If we find valid section, we have nothing to do */
		zone_span_writeunlock(zone);
		return;
	}

	/* The zone has no valid section */
	zone->zone_start_pfn = 0;
	zone->spanned_pages = 0;
	zone_span_writeunlock(zone);
}

static void shrink_pgdat_span(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
			      unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	unsigned long pgdat_start_pfn = pgdat->node_start_pfn;
	unsigned long p = pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat); /* pgdat_end_pfn namespace clash */
	unsigned long pgdat_end_pfn = p;
	unsigned long pfn;
	struct mem_section *ms;
	int nid = pgdat->node_id;

	if (pgdat_start_pfn == start_pfn) {
		/*
		 * If the section is smallest section in the pgdat, it need
		 * shrink pgdat->node_start_pfn and pgdat->node_spanned_pages.
		 * In this case, we find second smallest valid mem_section
		 * for shrinking zone.
		 */
		pfn = find_smallest_section_pfn(nid, NULL, end_pfn,
						pgdat_end_pfn);
		if (pfn) {
			pgdat->node_start_pfn = pfn;
			pgdat->node_spanned_pages = pgdat_end_pfn - pfn;
		}
	} else if (pgdat_end_pfn == end_pfn) {
		/*
		 * If the section is biggest section in the pgdat, it need
		 * shrink pgdat->node_spanned_pages.
		 * In this case, we find second biggest valid mem_section for
		 * shrinking zone.
		 */
		pfn = find_biggest_section_pfn(nid, NULL, pgdat_start_pfn,
					       start_pfn);
		if (pfn)
			pgdat->node_spanned_pages = pfn - pgdat_start_pfn + 1;
	}

	/*
	 * If the section is not biggest or smallest mem_section in the pgdat,
	 * it only creates a hole in the pgdat. So in this case, we need not
	 * change the pgdat.
	 * But perhaps, the pgdat has only hole data. Thus it check the pgdat
	 * has only hole or not.
	 */
	pfn = pgdat_start_pfn;
	for (; pfn < pgdat_end_pfn; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
		ms = __pfn_to_section(pfn);

		if (unlikely(!valid_section(ms)))
			continue;

		if (pfn_to_nid(pfn) != nid)
			continue;

		 /* If the section is current section, it continues the loop */
		if (start_pfn == pfn)
			continue;

		/* If we find valid section, we have nothing to do */
		return;
	}

	/* The pgdat has no valid section */
	pgdat->node_start_pfn = 0;
	pgdat->node_spanned_pages = 0;
}

static void __remove_zone(struct zone *zone, unsigned long start_pfn)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
	int nr_pages = PAGES_PER_SECTION;
	int zone_type;
	unsigned long flags;

	zone_type = zone - pgdat->node_zones;

	pgdat_resize_lock(zone->zone_pgdat, &flags);
	shrink_zone_span(zone, start_pfn, start_pfn + nr_pages);
	shrink_pgdat_span(pgdat, start_pfn, start_pfn + nr_pages);
	pgdat_resize_unlock(zone->zone_pgdat, &flags);
}

static int __remove_section(struct zone *zone, struct mem_section *ms)
{
	unsigned long start_pfn;
	int scn_nr;
	int ret = -EINVAL;

	if (!valid_section(ms))
		return ret;

	ret = unregister_memory_section(ms);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	scn_nr = __section_nr(ms);
	start_pfn = section_nr_to_pfn(scn_nr);
	__remove_zone(zone, start_pfn);

	sparse_remove_one_section(zone, ms);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * __remove_pages() - remove sections of pages from a zone
 * @zone: zone from which pages need to be removed
 * @phys_start_pfn: starting pageframe (must be aligned to start of a section)
 * @nr_pages: number of pages to remove (must be multiple of section size)
 *
 * Generic helper function to remove section mappings and sysfs entries
 * for the section of the memory we are removing. Caller needs to make
 * sure that pages are marked reserved and zones are adjust properly by
 * calling offline_pages().
 */
int __remove_pages(struct zone *zone, unsigned long phys_start_pfn,
		 unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	unsigned long i;
	int sections_to_remove;
	resource_size_t start, size;
	int ret = 0;

	/*
	 * We can only remove entire sections
	 */
	BUG_ON(phys_start_pfn & ~PAGE_SECTION_MASK);
	BUG_ON(nr_pages % PAGES_PER_SECTION);

	start = phys_start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
	size = nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE;
	ret = release_mem_region_adjustable(&iomem_resource, start, size);
	if (ret) {
		resource_size_t endres = start + size - 1;

		pr_warn("Unable to release resource <%pa-%pa> (%d)\n",
				&start, &endres, ret);
	}

	sections_to_remove = nr_pages / PAGES_PER_SECTION;
	for (i = 0; i < sections_to_remove; i++) {
		unsigned long pfn = phys_start_pfn + i*PAGES_PER_SECTION;
		ret = __remove_section(zone, __pfn_to_section(pfn));
		if (ret)
			break;
	}
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__remove_pages);
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE */

int set_online_page_callback(online_page_callback_t callback)
{
	int rc = -EINVAL;

	lock_memory_hotplug();

	if (online_page_callback == generic_online_page) {
		online_page_callback = callback;
		rc = 0;
	}

	unlock_memory_hotplug();

	return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(set_online_page_callback);

int restore_online_page_callback(online_page_callback_t callback)
{
	int rc = -EINVAL;

	lock_memory_hotplug();

	if (online_page_callback == callback) {
		online_page_callback = generic_online_page;
		rc = 0;
	}

	unlock_memory_hotplug();

	return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(restore_online_page_callback);

void __online_page_set_limits(struct page *page)
{
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__online_page_set_limits);

void __online_page_increment_counters(struct page *page)
{
	adjust_managed_page_count(page, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__online_page_increment_counters);

void __online_page_free(struct page *page)
{
	__free_reserved_page(page);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__online_page_free);

static void generic_online_page(struct page *page)
{
	__online_page_set_limits(page);
	__online_page_increment_counters(page);
	__online_page_free(page);
}

static int online_pages_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
			void *arg)
{
	unsigned long i;
	unsigned long onlined_pages = *(unsigned long *)arg;
	struct page *page;
	if (PageReserved(pfn_to_page(start_pfn)))
		for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
			page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn + i);
			(*online_page_callback)(page);
			onlined_pages++;
		}
	*(unsigned long *)arg = onlined_pages;
	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE
/*
 * When CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE, we permit onlining of a node which doesn't have
 * normal memory.
 */
static bool can_online_high_movable(struct zone *zone)
{
	return true;
}
#else /* CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE */
/* ensure every online node has NORMAL memory */
static bool can_online_high_movable(struct zone *zone)
{
	return node_state(zone_to_nid(zone), N_NORMAL_MEMORY);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE */

/* check which state of node_states will be changed when online memory */
static void node_states_check_changes_online(unsigned long nr_pages,
	struct zone *zone, struct memory_notify *arg)
{
	int nid = zone_to_nid(zone);
	enum zone_type zone_last = ZONE_NORMAL;

	/*
	 * If we have HIGHMEM or movable node, node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY]
	 * contains nodes which have zones of 0...ZONE_NORMAL,
	 * set zone_last to ZONE_NORMAL.
	 *
	 * If we don't have HIGHMEM nor movable node,
	 * node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] contains nodes which have zones of
	 * 0...ZONE_MOVABLE, set zone_last to ZONE_MOVABLE.
	 */
	if (N_MEMORY == N_NORMAL_MEMORY)
		zone_last = ZONE_MOVABLE;

	/*
	 * if the memory to be online is in a zone of 0...zone_last, and
	 * the zones of 0...zone_last don't have memory before online, we will
	 * need to set the node to node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] after
	 * the memory is online.
	 */
	if (zone_idx(zone) <= zone_last && !node_state(nid, N_NORMAL_MEMORY))
		arg->status_change_nid_normal = nid;
	else
		arg->status_change_nid_normal = -1;

#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	/*
	 * If we have movable node, node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]
	 * contains nodes which have zones of 0...ZONE_HIGHMEM,
	 * set zone_last to ZONE_HIGHMEM.
	 *
	 * If we don't have movable node, node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY]
	 * contains nodes which have zones of 0...ZONE_MOVABLE,
	 * set zone_last to ZONE_MOVABLE.
	 */
	zone_last = ZONE_HIGHMEM;
	if (N_MEMORY == N_HIGH_MEMORY)
		zone_last = ZONE_MOVABLE;

	if (zone_idx(zone) <= zone_last && !node_state(nid, N_HIGH_MEMORY))
		arg->status_change_nid_high = nid;
	else
		arg->status_change_nid_high = -1;
#else
	arg->status_change_nid_high = arg->status_change_nid_normal;
#endif

	/*
	 * if the node don't have memory befor online, we will need to
	 * set the node to node_states[N_MEMORY] after the memory
	 * is online.
	 */
	if (!node_state(nid, N_MEMORY))
		arg->status_change_nid = nid;
	else
		arg->status_change_nid = -1;
}

static void node_states_set_node(int node, struct memory_notify *arg)
{
	if (arg->status_change_nid_normal >= 0)
		node_set_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY);

	if (arg->status_change_nid_high >= 0)
		node_set_state(node, N_HIGH_MEMORY);

	node_set_state(node, N_MEMORY);
}


int __ref online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, int online_type)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned long onlined_pages = 0;
	struct zone *zone;
	int need_zonelists_rebuild = 0;
	int nid;
	int ret;
	struct memory_notify arg;

	lock_memory_hotplug();
	/*
	 * This doesn't need a lock to do pfn_to_page().
	 * The section can't be removed here because of the
	 * memory_block->state_mutex.
	 */
	zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn));

	if ((zone_idx(zone) > ZONE_NORMAL || online_type == ONLINE_MOVABLE) &&
	    !can_online_high_movable(zone)) {
		unlock_memory_hotplug();
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (online_type == ONLINE_KERNEL && zone_idx(zone) == ZONE_MOVABLE) {
		if (move_pfn_range_left(zone - 1, zone, pfn, pfn + nr_pages)) {
			unlock_memory_hotplug();
			return -EINVAL;
		}
	}
	if (online_type == ONLINE_MOVABLE && zone_idx(zone) == ZONE_MOVABLE - 1) {
		if (move_pfn_range_right(zone, zone + 1, pfn, pfn + nr_pages)) {
			unlock_memory_hotplug();
			return -EINVAL;
		}
	}

	/* Previous code may changed the zone of the pfn range */
	zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn));

	arg.start_pfn = pfn;
	arg.nr_pages = nr_pages;
	node_states_check_changes_online(nr_pages, zone, &arg);

	nid = page_to_nid(pfn_to_page(pfn));

	ret = memory_notify(MEM_GOING_ONLINE, &arg);
	ret = notifier_to_errno(ret);
	if (ret) {
		memory_notify(MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE, &arg);
		unlock_memory_hotplug();
		return ret;
	}
	/*
	 * If this zone is not populated, then it is not in zonelist.
	 * This means the page allocator ignores this zone.
	 * So, zonelist must be updated after online.
	 */
	mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex);
	if (!populated_zone(zone)) {
		need_zonelists_rebuild = 1;
		build_all_zonelists(NULL, zone);
	}

	ret = walk_system_ram_range(pfn, nr_pages, &onlined_pages,
		online_pages_range);
	if (ret) {
		if (need_zonelists_rebuild)
			zone_pcp_reset(zone);
		mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex);
		printk(KERN_DEBUG "online_pages [mem %#010llx-%#010llx] failed\n",
		       (unsigned long long) pfn << PAGE_SHIFT,
		       (((unsigned long long) pfn + nr_pages)
			    << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
		memory_notify(MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE, &arg);
		unlock_memory_hotplug();
		return ret;
	}

	zone->present_pages += onlined_pages;

	pgdat_resize_lock(zone->zone_pgdat, &flags);
	zone->zone_pgdat->node_present_pages += onlined_pages;
	pgdat_resize_unlock(zone->zone_pgdat, &flags);

	if (onlined_pages) {
		node_states_set_node(zone_to_nid(zone), &arg);
		if (need_zonelists_rebuild)
			build_all_zonelists(NULL, NULL);
		else
			zone_pcp_update(zone);
	}

	mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex);

	init_per_zone_wmark_min();

	if (onlined_pages)
		kswapd_run(zone_to_nid(zone));

	vm_total_pages = nr_free_pagecache_pages();

	writeback_set_ratelimit();

	if (onlined_pages)
		memory_notify(MEM_ONLINE, &arg);
	unlock_memory_hotplug();

	return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE */

/* we are OK calling __meminit stuff here - we have CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
static pg_data_t __ref *hotadd_new_pgdat(int nid, u64 start)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat;
	unsigned long zones_size[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {0};
	unsigned long zholes_size[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {0};
	unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
	if (!pgdat) {
		pgdat = arch_alloc_nodedata(nid);
		if (!pgdat)
			return NULL;

		arch_refresh_nodedata(nid, pgdat);
	}

	/* we can use NODE_DATA(nid) from here */

	/* init node's zones as empty zones, we don't have any present pages.*/
	free_area_init_node(nid, zones_size, start_pfn, zholes_size);

	/*
	 * The node we allocated has no zone fallback lists. For avoiding
	 * to access not-initialized zonelist, build here.
	 */
	mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex);
	build_all_zonelists(pgdat, NULL);
	mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex);

	return pgdat;
}

static void rollback_node_hotadd(int nid, pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	arch_refresh_nodedata(nid, NULL);
	arch_free_nodedata(pgdat);
	return;
}


/*
 * called by cpu_up() to online a node without onlined memory.
 */
int mem_online_node(int nid)
{
	pg_data_t	*pgdat;
	int	ret;

	lock_memory_hotplug();
	pgdat = hotadd_new_pgdat(nid, 0);
	if (!pgdat) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}
	node_set_online(nid);
	ret = register_one_node(nid);
	BUG_ON(ret);

out:
	unlock_memory_hotplug();
	return ret;
}

static int check_hotplug_memory_range(u64 start, u64 size)
{
	u64 start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	u64 nr_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	/* Memory range must be aligned with section */
	if ((start_pfn & ~PAGE_SECTION_MASK) ||
	    (nr_pages % PAGES_PER_SECTION) || (!nr_pages)) {
		pr_err("Section-unaligned hotplug range: start 0x%llx, size 0x%llx\n",
				(unsigned long long)start,
				(unsigned long long)size);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return 0;
}

/* we are OK calling __meminit stuff here - we have CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
int __ref add_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat = NULL;
	bool new_pgdat;
	bool new_node;
	struct resource *res;
	int ret;

	ret = check_hotplug_memory_range(start, size);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	lock_memory_hotplug();

	res = register_memory_resource(start, size);
	ret = -EEXIST;
	if (!res)
		goto out;

	{	/* Stupid hack to suppress address-never-null warning */
		void *p = NODE_DATA(nid);
		new_pgdat = !p;
	}
	new_node = !node_online(nid);
	if (new_node) {
		pgdat = hotadd_new_pgdat(nid, start);
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		if (!pgdat)
			goto error;
	}

	/* call arch's memory hotadd */
	ret = arch_add_memory(nid, start, size);

	if (ret < 0)
		goto error;

	/* we online node here. we can't roll back from here. */
	node_set_online(nid);

	if (new_node) {
		ret = register_one_node(nid);
		/*
		 * If sysfs file of new node can't create, cpu on the node
		 * can't be hot-added. There is no rollback way now.
		 * So, check by BUG_ON() to catch it reluctantly..
		 */
		BUG_ON(ret);
	}

	/* create new memmap entry */
	firmware_map_add_hotplug(start, start + size, "System RAM");

	goto out;

error:
	/* rollback pgdat allocation and others */
	if (new_pgdat)
		rollback_node_hotadd(nid, pgdat);
	release_memory_resource(res);

out:
	unlock_memory_hotplug();
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(add_memory);

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
/*
 * A free page on the buddy free lists (not the per-cpu lists) has PageBuddy
 * set and the size of the free page is given by page_order(). Using this,
 * the function determines if the pageblock contains only free pages.
 * Due to buddy contraints, a free page at least the size of a pageblock will
 * be located at the start of the pageblock
 */
static inline int pageblock_free(struct page *page)
{
	return PageBuddy(page) && page_order(page) >= pageblock_order;
}

/* Return the start of the next active pageblock after a given page */
static struct page *next_active_pageblock(struct page *page)
{
	/* Ensure the starting page is pageblock-aligned */
	BUG_ON(page_to_pfn(page) & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1));

	/* If the entire pageblock is free, move to the end of free page */
	if (pageblock_free(page)) {
		int order;
		/* be careful. we don't have locks, page_order can be changed.*/
		order = page_order(page);
		if ((order < MAX_ORDER) && (order >= pageblock_order))
			return page + (1 << order);
	}

	return page + pageblock_nr_pages;
}

/* Checks if this range of memory is likely to be hot-removable. */
int is_mem_section_removable(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	struct page *page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);
	struct page *end_page = page + nr_pages;

	/* Check the starting page of each pageblock within the range */
	for (; page < end_page; page = next_active_pageblock(page)) {
		if (!is_pageblock_removable_nolock(page))
			return 0;
		cond_resched();
	}

	/* All pageblocks in the memory block are likely to be hot-removable */
	return 1;
}

/*
 * Confirm all pages in a range [start, end) is belongs to the same zone.
 */
static int test_pages_in_a_zone(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	unsigned long pfn;
	struct zone *zone = NULL;
	struct page *page;
	int i;
	for (pfn = start_pfn;
	     pfn < end_pfn;
	     pfn += MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES) {
		i = 0;
		/* This is just a CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE check.*/
		while ((i < MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES) && !pfn_valid_within(pfn + i))
			i++;
		if (i == MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES)
			continue;
		page = pfn_to_page(pfn + i);
		if (zone && page_zone(page) != zone)
			return 0;
		zone = page_zone(page);
	}
	return 1;
}

/*
 * Scan pfn range [start,end) to find movable/migratable pages (LRU pages
 * and hugepages). We scan pfn because it's much easier than scanning over
 * linked list. This function returns the pfn of the first found movable
 * page if it's found, otherwise 0.
 */
static unsigned long scan_movable_pages(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	unsigned long pfn;
	struct page *page;
	for (pfn = start; pfn < end; pfn++) {
		if (pfn_valid(pfn)) {
			page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
			if (PageLRU(page))
				return pfn;
			if (PageHuge(page)) {
				if (is_hugepage_active(page))
					return pfn;
				else
					pfn = round_up(pfn + 1,
						1 << compound_order(page)) - 1;
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

#define NR_OFFLINE_AT_ONCE_PAGES	(256)
static int
do_migrate_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	unsigned long pfn;
	struct page *page;
	int move_pages = NR_OFFLINE_AT_ONCE_PAGES;
	int not_managed = 0;
	int ret = 0;
	LIST_HEAD(source);

	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn && move_pages > 0; pfn++) {
		if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
			continue;
		page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

		if (PageHuge(page)) {
			struct page *head = compound_head(page);
			pfn = page_to_pfn(head) + (1<<compound_order(head)) - 1;
			if (compound_order(head) > PFN_SECTION_SHIFT) {
				ret = -EBUSY;
				break;
			}
			if (isolate_huge_page(page, &source))
				move_pages -= 1 << compound_order(head);
			continue;
		}

		if (!get_page_unless_zero(page))
			continue;
		/*
		 * We can skip free pages. And we can only deal with pages on
		 * LRU.
		 */
		ret = isolate_lru_page(page);
		if (!ret) { /* Success */
			put_page(page);
			list_add_tail(&page->lru, &source);
			move_pages--;
			inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_ISOLATED_ANON +
					    page_is_file_cache(page));

		} else {
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
			printk(KERN_ALERT "removing pfn %lx from LRU failed\n",
			       pfn);
			dump_page(page);
#endif
			put_page(page);
			/* Because we don't have big zone->lock. we should
			   check this again here. */
			if (page_count(page)) {
				not_managed++;
				ret = -EBUSY;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if (!list_empty(&source)) {
		if (not_managed) {
			putback_movable_pages(&source);
			goto out;
		}

		/*
		 * alloc_migrate_target should be improooooved!!
		 * migrate_pages returns # of failed pages.
		 */
		ret = migrate_pages(&source, alloc_migrate_target, 0,
					MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_MEMORY_HOTPLUG);
		if (ret)
			putback_movable_pages(&source);
	}
out:
	return ret;
}

/*
 * remove from free_area[] and mark all as Reserved.
 */
static int
offline_isolated_pages_cb(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
			void *data)
{
	__offline_isolated_pages(start, start + nr_pages);
	return 0;
}

static void
offline_isolated_pages(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	walk_system_ram_range(start_pfn, end_pfn - start_pfn, NULL,
				offline_isolated_pages_cb);
}

/*
 * Check all pages in range, recoreded as memory resource, are isolated.
 */
static int
check_pages_isolated_cb(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
			void *data)
{
	int ret;
	long offlined = *(long *)data;
	ret = test_pages_isolated(start_pfn, start_pfn + nr_pages, true);
	offlined = nr_pages;
	if (!ret)
		*(long *)data += offlined;
	return ret;
}

static long
check_pages_isolated(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	long offlined = 0;
	int ret;

	ret = walk_system_ram_range(start_pfn, end_pfn - start_pfn, &offlined,
			check_pages_isolated_cb);
	if (ret < 0)
		offlined = (long)ret;
	return offlined;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE
/*
 * When CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE, we permit offlining of a node which doesn't have
 * normal memory.
 */
static bool can_offline_normal(struct zone *zone, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	return true;
}
#else /* CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE */
/* ensure the node has NORMAL memory if it is still online */
static bool can_offline_normal(struct zone *zone, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
	unsigned long present_pages = 0;
	enum zone_type zt;

	for (zt = 0; zt <= ZONE_NORMAL; zt++)
		present_pages += pgdat->node_zones[zt].present_pages;

	if (present_pages > nr_pages)
		return true;

	present_pages = 0;
	for (; zt <= ZONE_MOVABLE; zt++)
		present_pages += pgdat->node_zones[zt].present_pages;

	/*
	 * we can't offline the last normal memory until all
	 * higher memory is offlined.
	 */
	return present_pages == 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE */

/* check which state of node_states will be changed when offline memory */
static void node_states_check_changes_offline(unsigned long nr_pages,
		struct zone *zone, struct memory_notify *arg)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
	unsigned long present_pages = 0;
	enum zone_type zt, zone_last = ZONE_NORMAL;

	/*
	 * If we have HIGHMEM or movable node, node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY]
	 * contains nodes which have zones of 0...ZONE_NORMAL,
	 * set zone_last to ZONE_NORMAL.
	 *
	 * If we don't have HIGHMEM nor movable node,
	 * node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] contains nodes which have zones of
	 * 0...ZONE_MOVABLE, set zone_last to ZONE_MOVABLE.
	 */
	if (N_MEMORY == N_NORMAL_MEMORY)
		zone_last = ZONE_MOVABLE;

	/*
	 * check whether node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] will be changed.
	 * If the memory to be offline is in a zone of 0...zone_last,
	 * and it is the last present memory, 0...zone_last will
	 * become empty after offline , thus we can determind we will
	 * need to clear the node from node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY].
	 */
	for (zt = 0; zt <= zone_last; zt++)
		present_pages += pgdat->node_zones[zt].present_pages;
	if (zone_idx(zone) <= zone_last && nr_pages >= present_pages)
		arg->status_change_nid_normal = zone_to_nid(zone);
	else
		arg->status_change_nid_normal = -1;

#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	/*
	 * If we have movable node, node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]
	 * contains nodes which have zones of 0...ZONE_HIGHMEM,
	 * set zone_last to ZONE_HIGHMEM.
	 *
	 * If we don't have movable node, node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY]
	 * contains nodes which have zones of 0...ZONE_MOVABLE,
	 * set zone_last to ZONE_MOVABLE.
	 */
	zone_last = ZONE_HIGHMEM;
	if (N_MEMORY == N_HIGH_MEMORY)
		zone_last = ZONE_MOVABLE;

	for (; zt <= zone_last; zt++)
		present_pages += pgdat->node_zones[zt].present_pages;
	if (zone_idx(zone) <= zone_last && nr_pages >= present_pages)
		arg->status_change_nid_high = zone_to_nid(zone);
	else
		arg->status_change_nid_high = -1;
#else
	arg->status_change_nid_high = arg->status_change_nid_normal;
#endif

	/*
	 * node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY] contains nodes which have 0...ZONE_MOVABLE
	 */
	zone_last = ZONE_MOVABLE;

	/*
	 * check whether node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY] will be changed
	 * If we try to offline the last present @nr_pages from the node,
	 * we can determind we will need to clear the node from
	 * node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY].
	 */
	for (; zt <= zone_last; zt++)
		present_pages += pgdat->node_zones[zt].present_pages;
	if (nr_pages >= present_pages)
		arg->status_change_nid = zone_to_nid(zone);
	else
		arg->status_change_nid = -1;
}

static void node_states_clear_node(int node, struct memory_notify *arg)
{
	if (arg->status_change_nid_normal >= 0)
		node_clear_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY);

	if ((N_MEMORY != N_NORMAL_MEMORY) &&
	    (arg->status_change_nid_high >= 0))
		node_clear_state(node, N_HIGH_MEMORY);

	if ((N_MEMORY != N_HIGH_MEMORY) &&
	    (arg->status_change_nid >= 0))
		node_clear_state(node, N_MEMORY);
}

static int __ref __offline_pages(unsigned long start_pfn,
		  unsigned long end_pfn, unsigned long timeout)
{
	unsigned long pfn, nr_pages, expire;
	long offlined_pages;
	int ret, drain, retry_max, node;
	unsigned long flags;
	struct zone *zone;
	struct memory_notify arg;

	/* at least, alignment against pageblock is necessary */
	if (!IS_ALIGNED(start_pfn, pageblock_nr_pages))
		return -EINVAL;
	if (!IS_ALIGNED(end_pfn, pageblock_nr_pages))
		return -EINVAL;
	/* This makes hotplug much easier...and readable.
	   we assume this for now. .*/
	if (!test_pages_in_a_zone(start_pfn, end_pfn))
		return -EINVAL;

	lock_memory_hotplug();

	zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(start_pfn));
	node = zone_to_nid(zone);
	nr_pages = end_pfn - start_pfn;

	ret = -EINVAL;
	if (zone_idx(zone) <= ZONE_NORMAL && !can_offline_normal(zone, nr_pages))
		goto out;

	/* set above range as isolated */
	ret = start_isolate_page_range(start_pfn, end_pfn,
				       MIGRATE_MOVABLE, true);
	if (ret)
		goto out;

	arg.start_pfn = start_pfn;
	arg.nr_pages = nr_pages;
	node_states_check_changes_offline(nr_pages, zone, &arg);

	ret = memory_notify(MEM_GOING_OFFLINE, &arg);
	ret = notifier_to_errno(ret);
	if (ret)
		goto failed_removal;

	pfn = start_pfn;
	expire = jiffies + timeout;
	drain = 0;
	retry_max = 5;
repeat:
	/* start memory hot removal */
	ret = -EAGAIN;
	if (time_after(jiffies, expire))
		goto failed_removal;
	ret = -EINTR;
	if (signal_pending(current))
		goto failed_removal;
	ret = 0;
	if (drain) {
		lru_add_drain_all();
		cond_resched();
		drain_all_pages();
	}

	pfn = scan_movable_pages(start_pfn, end_pfn);
	if (pfn) { /* We have movable pages */
		ret = do_migrate_range(pfn, end_pfn);
		if (!ret) {
			drain = 1;
			goto repeat;
		} else {
			if (ret < 0)
				if (--retry_max == 0)
					goto failed_removal;
			yield();
			drain = 1;
			goto repeat;
		}
	}
	/* drain all zone's lru pagevec, this is asynchronous... */
	lru_add_drain_all();
	yield();
	/* drain pcp pages, this is synchronous. */
	drain_all_pages();
	/*
	 * dissolve free hugepages in the memory block before doing offlining
	 * actually in order to make hugetlbfs's object counting consistent.
	 */
	dissolve_free_huge_pages(start_pfn, end_pfn);
	/* check again */
	offlined_pages = check_pages_isolated(start_pfn, end_pfn);
	if (offlined_pages < 0) {
		ret = -EBUSY;
		goto failed_removal;
	}
	printk(KERN_INFO "Offlined Pages %ld\n", offlined_pages);
	/* Ok, all of our target is isolated.
	   We cannot do rollback at this point. */
	offline_isolated_pages(start_pfn, end_pfn);
	/* reset pagetype flags and makes migrate type to be MOVABLE */
	undo_isolate_page_range(start_pfn, end_pfn, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
	/* removal success */
	adjust_managed_page_count(pfn_to_page(start_pfn), -offlined_pages);
	zone->present_pages -= offlined_pages;

	pgdat_resize_lock(zone->zone_pgdat, &flags);
	zone->zone_pgdat->node_present_pages -= offlined_pages;
	pgdat_resize_unlock(zone->zone_pgdat, &flags);

	init_per_zone_wmark_min();

	if (!populated_zone(zone)) {
		zone_pcp_reset(zone);
		mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex);
		build_all_zonelists(NULL, NULL);
		mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex);
	} else
		zone_pcp_update(zone);

	node_states_clear_node(node, &arg);
	if (arg.status_change_nid >= 0)
		kswapd_stop(node);

	vm_total_pages = nr_free_pagecache_pages();
	writeback_set_ratelimit();

	memory_notify(MEM_OFFLINE, &arg);
	unlock_memory_hotplug();
	return 0;

failed_removal:
	printk(KERN_INFO "memory offlining [mem %#010llx-%#010llx] failed\n",
	       (unsigned long long) start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT,
	       ((unsigned long long) end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
	memory_notify(MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE, &arg);
	/* pushback to free area */
	undo_isolate_page_range(start_pfn, end_pfn, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);

out:
	unlock_memory_hotplug();
	return ret;
}

int offline_pages(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	return __offline_pages(start_pfn, start_pfn + nr_pages, 120 * HZ);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE */

/**
 * walk_memory_range - walks through all mem sections in [start_pfn, end_pfn)
 * @start_pfn: start pfn of the memory range
 * @end_pfn: end pfn of the memory range
 * @arg: argument passed to func
 * @func: callback for each memory section walked
 *
 * This function walks through all present mem sections in range
 * [start_pfn, end_pfn) and call func on each mem section.
 *
 * Returns the return value of func.
 */
int walk_memory_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn,
		void *arg, int (*func)(struct memory_block *, void *))
{
	struct memory_block *mem = NULL;
	struct mem_section *section;
	unsigned long pfn, section_nr;
	int ret;

	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
		section_nr = pfn_to_section_nr(pfn);
		if (!present_section_nr(section_nr))
			continue;

		section = __nr_to_section(section_nr);
		/* same memblock? */
		if (mem)
			if ((section_nr >= mem->start_section_nr) &&
			    (section_nr <= mem->end_section_nr))
				continue;

		mem = find_memory_block_hinted(section, mem);
		if (!mem)
			continue;

		ret = func(mem, arg);
		if (ret) {
			kobject_put(&mem->dev.kobj);
			return ret;
		}
	}

	if (mem)
		kobject_put(&mem->dev.kobj);

	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
static int is_memblock_offlined_cb(struct memory_block *mem, void *arg)
{
	int ret = !is_memblock_offlined(mem);

	if (unlikely(ret)) {
		phys_addr_t beginpa, endpa;

		beginpa = PFN_PHYS(section_nr_to_pfn(mem->start_section_nr));
		endpa = PFN_PHYS(section_nr_to_pfn(mem->end_section_nr + 1))-1;
		pr_warn("removing memory fails, because memory "
			"[%pa-%pa] is onlined\n",
			&beginpa, &endpa);
	}

	return ret;
}

static int check_cpu_on_node(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	int cpu;

	for_each_present_cpu(cpu) {
		if (cpu_to_node(cpu) == pgdat->node_id)
			/*
			 * the cpu on this node isn't removed, and we can't
			 * offline this node.
			 */
			return -EBUSY;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void unmap_cpu_on_node(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_NUMA
	int cpu;

	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
		if (cpu_to_node(cpu) == pgdat->node_id)
			numa_clear_node(cpu);
#endif
}

static int check_and_unmap_cpu_on_node(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	int ret;

	ret = check_cpu_on_node(pgdat);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/*
	 * the node will be offlined when we come here, so we can clear
	 * the cpu_to_node() now.
	 */

	unmap_cpu_on_node(pgdat);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * try_offline_node
 *
 * Offline a node if all memory sections and cpus of the node are removed.
 *
 * NOTE: The caller must call lock_device_hotplug() to serialize hotplug
 * and online/offline operations before this call.
 */
void try_offline_node(int nid)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
	unsigned long start_pfn = pgdat->node_start_pfn;
	unsigned long end_pfn = start_pfn + pgdat->node_spanned_pages;
	unsigned long pfn;
	struct page *pgdat_page = virt_to_page(pgdat);
	int i;

	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
		unsigned long section_nr = pfn_to_section_nr(pfn);

		if (!present_section_nr(section_nr))
			continue;

		if (pfn_to_nid(pfn) != nid)
			continue;

		/*
		 * some memory sections of this node are not removed, and we
		 * can't offline node now.
		 */
		return;
	}

	if (check_and_unmap_cpu_on_node(pgdat))
		return;

	/*
	 * all memory/cpu of this node are removed, we can offline this
	 * node now.
	 */
	node_set_offline(nid);
	unregister_one_node(nid);

	if (!PageSlab(pgdat_page) && !PageCompound(pgdat_page))
		/* node data is allocated from boot memory */
		return;

	/* free waittable in each zone */
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + i;

		/*
		 * wait_table may be allocated from boot memory,
		 * here only free if it's allocated by vmalloc.
		 */
		if (is_vmalloc_addr(zone->wait_table))
			vfree(zone->wait_table);
	}

	/*
	 * Since there is no way to guarentee the address of pgdat/zone is not
	 * on stack of any kernel threads or used by other kernel objects
	 * without reference counting or other symchronizing method, do not
	 * reset node_data and free pgdat here. Just reset it to 0 and reuse
	 * the memory when the node is online again.
	 */
	memset(pgdat, 0, sizeof(*pgdat));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(try_offline_node);

/**
 * remove_memory
 *
 * NOTE: The caller must call lock_device_hotplug() to serialize hotplug
 * and online/offline operations before this call, as required by
 * try_offline_node().
 */
void __ref remove_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size)
{
	int ret;

	BUG_ON(check_hotplug_memory_range(start, size));

	lock_memory_hotplug();

	/*
	 * All memory blocks must be offlined before removing memory.  Check
	 * whether all memory blocks in question are offline and trigger a BUG()
	 * if this is not the case.
	 */
	ret = walk_memory_range(PFN_DOWN(start), PFN_UP(start + size - 1), NULL,
				is_memblock_offlined_cb);
	if (ret) {
		unlock_memory_hotplug();
		BUG();
	}

	/* remove memmap entry */
	firmware_map_remove(start, start + size, "System RAM");

	arch_remove_memory(start, size);

	try_offline_node(nid);

	unlock_memory_hotplug();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(remove_memory);
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE */