summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/sound/pci/emu10k1/emupcm.c
blob: 387288d623d7ac7236e834c13fe12cd395291061 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Creative Labs, Inc.
 *  Routines for control of EMU10K1 chips / PCM routines
 *  Multichannel PCM support Copyright (c) Lee Revell <rlrevell@joe-job.com>
 *
 *  BUGS:
 *    --
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    --
 */

#include <linux/pci.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <sound/core.h>
#include <sound/emu10k1.h>

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_interrupt(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
				      struct snd_emu10k1_voice *voice)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;

	epcm = voice->epcm;
	if (!epcm)
		return;
	if (epcm->substream == NULL)
		return;
#if 0
	dev_dbg(emu->card->dev,
		"IRQ: position = 0x%x, period = 0x%x, size = 0x%x\n",
			epcm->substream->runtime->hw->pointer(emu, epcm->substream),
			snd_pcm_lib_period_bytes(epcm->substream),
			snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(epcm->substream));
#endif
	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(epcm->substream);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_ac97adc_interrupt(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					      unsigned int status)
{
#if 0
	if (status & IPR_ADCBUFHALFFULL) {
		if (emu->pcm_capture_substream->runtime->mode == SNDRV_PCM_MODE_FRAME)
			return;
	}
#endif
	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(emu->pcm_capture_substream);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_ac97mic_interrupt(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					      unsigned int status)
{
#if 0
	if (status & IPR_MICBUFHALFFULL) {
		if (emu->pcm_capture_mic_substream->runtime->mode == SNDRV_PCM_MODE_FRAME)
			return;
	}
#endif
	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(emu->pcm_capture_mic_substream);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_interrupt(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					  unsigned int status)
{
#if 0
	if (status & IPR_EFXBUFHALFFULL) {
		if (emu->pcm_capture_efx_substream->runtime->mode == SNDRV_PCM_MODE_FRAME)
			return;
	}
#endif
	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(emu->pcm_capture_efx_substream);
}	 

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_voices(struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm)
{
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(epcm->voices); i++) {
		if (epcm->voices[i]) {
			snd_emu10k1_voice_free(epcm->emu, epcm->voices[i]);
			epcm->voices[i] = NULL;
		}
	}
}

static int snd_emu10k1_pcm_channel_alloc(struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm,
					 int type, int count, int channels)
{
	int err;

	snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_voices(epcm);

	err = snd_emu10k1_voice_alloc(epcm->emu,
				      type, count, channels,
				      epcm, &epcm->voices[0]);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	if (epcm->extra == NULL) {
		// The hardware supports only (half-)loop interrupts, so to support an
		// arbitrary number of periods per buffer, we use an extra voice with a
		// period-sized loop as the interrupt source. Additionally, the interrupt
		// timing of the hardware is "suboptimal" and needs some compensation.
		err = snd_emu10k1_voice_alloc(epcm->emu,
					      type + 1, 1, 1,
					      epcm, &epcm->extra);
		if (err < 0) {
			/*
			dev_dbg(emu->card->dev, "pcm_channel_alloc: "
			       "failed extra: voices=%d, frame=%d\n",
			       voices, frame);
			*/
			snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_voices(epcm);
			return err;
		}
		epcm->extra->interrupt = snd_emu10k1_pcm_interrupt;
	}

	return 0;
}

// Primes 2-7 and 2^n multiples thereof, up to 16.
static const unsigned int efx_capture_channels[] = {
	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16
};

static const struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list hw_constraints_efx_capture_channels = {
	.count = ARRAY_SIZE(efx_capture_channels),
	.list = efx_capture_channels,
	.mask = 0
};

static const unsigned int capture_buffer_sizes[31] = {
	384,	448,	512,	640,
	384*2,	448*2,	512*2,	640*2,
	384*4,	448*4,	512*4,	640*4,
	384*8,	448*8,	512*8,	640*8,
	384*16,	448*16,	512*16,	640*16,
	384*32,	448*32,	512*32,	640*32,
	384*64,	448*64,	512*64,	640*64,
	384*128,448*128,512*128
};

static const struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list hw_constraints_capture_buffer_sizes = {
	.count = 31,
	.list = capture_buffer_sizes,
	.mask = 0
};

static const unsigned int capture_rates[8] = {
	8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000
};

static const struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list hw_constraints_capture_rates = {
	.count = 8,
	.list = capture_rates,
	.mask = 0
};

static unsigned int snd_emu10k1_capture_rate_reg(unsigned int rate)
{
	switch (rate) {
	case 8000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_8;
	case 11025:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_11;
	case 16000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_16;
	case 22050:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_22;
	case 24000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_24;
	case 32000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_32;
	case 44100:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_44;
	case 48000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_48;
	default:
			snd_BUG();
			return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_8;
	}
}

static const unsigned int audigy_capture_rates[9] = {
	8000, 11025, 12000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000
};

static const struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list hw_constraints_audigy_capture_rates = {
	.count = 9,
	.list = audigy_capture_rates,
	.mask = 0
};

static unsigned int snd_emu10k1_audigy_capture_rate_reg(unsigned int rate)
{
	switch (rate) {
	case 8000:	return A_ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_8;
	case 11025:	return A_ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_11;
	case 12000:	return A_ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_12;
	case 16000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_16;
	case 22050:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_22;
	case 24000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_24;
	case 32000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_32;
	case 44100:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_44;
	case 48000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_48;
	default:
			snd_BUG();
			return A_ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_8;
	}
}

static void snd_emu10k1_constrain_capture_rates(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
						struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
{
	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model &&
	    emu->emu1010.word_clock == 44100) {
		// This also sets the rate constraint by deleting SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT
		runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_11025 | \
				    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_22050 | \
				    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100;
		runtime->hw.rate_min = 11025;
		runtime->hw.rate_max = 44100;
		return;
	}
	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
				   emu->audigy ? &hw_constraints_audigy_capture_rates :
						 &hw_constraints_capture_rates);
}

static void snd_emu1010_constrain_efx_rate(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					   struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
{
	int rate;

	rate = emu->emu1010.word_clock;
	runtime->hw.rate_min = runtime->hw.rate_max = rate;
	runtime->hw.rates = snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit(rate);
}

static unsigned int emu10k1_calc_pitch_target(unsigned int rate)
{
	unsigned int pitch_target;

	pitch_target = (rate << 8) / 375;
	pitch_target = (pitch_target >> 1) + (pitch_target & 1);
	return pitch_target;
}

#define PITCH_48000 0x00004000
#define PITCH_96000 0x00008000
#define PITCH_85000 0x00007155
#define PITCH_80726 0x00006ba2
#define PITCH_67882 0x00005a82
#define PITCH_57081 0x00004c1c

static unsigned int emu10k1_select_interprom(unsigned int pitch_target)
{
	if (pitch_target == PITCH_48000)
		return CCCA_INTERPROM_0;
	else if (pitch_target < PITCH_48000)
		return CCCA_INTERPROM_1;
	else if (pitch_target >= PITCH_96000)
		return CCCA_INTERPROM_0;
	else if (pitch_target >= PITCH_85000)
		return CCCA_INTERPROM_6;
	else if (pitch_target >= PITCH_80726)
		return CCCA_INTERPROM_5;
	else if (pitch_target >= PITCH_67882)
		return CCCA_INTERPROM_4;
	else if (pitch_target >= PITCH_57081)
		return CCCA_INTERPROM_3;
	else  
		return CCCA_INTERPROM_2;
}

static u16 emu10k1_send_target_from_amount(u8 amount)
{
	static const u8 shifts[8] = { 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
	static const u16 offsets[8] = { 0, 0x200, 0x400, 0x800, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0x4000, 0x8000 };
	u8 exp;

	if (amount == 0xff)
		return 0xffff;
	exp = amount >> 5;
	return ((amount & 0x1f) << shifts[exp]) + offsets[exp];
}

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
				       struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice,
				       bool w_16, bool stereo,
				       unsigned int start_addr,
				       unsigned int end_addr,
				       const unsigned char *send_routing,
				       const unsigned char *send_amount)
{
	unsigned int silent_page;
	int voice;

	voice = evoice->number;

	silent_page = ((unsigned int)emu->silent_page.addr << emu->address_mode) |
		      (emu->address_mode ? MAP_PTI_MASK1 : MAP_PTI_MASK0);
	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write_multiple(emu, voice,
		// Not really necessary for the slave, but it doesn't hurt
		CPF, stereo ? CPF_STEREO_MASK : 0,
		// Assumption that PT is already 0 so no harm overwriting
		PTRX, (send_amount[0] << 8) | send_amount[1],
		// Stereo slaves don't need to have the addresses set, but it doesn't hurt
		DSL, end_addr | (send_amount[3] << 24),
		PSST, start_addr | (send_amount[2] << 24),
		CCCA, emu10k1_select_interprom(evoice->epcm->pitch_target) |
		      (w_16 ? 0 : CCCA_8BITSELECT),
		// Clear filter delay memory
		Z1, 0,
		Z2, 0,
		// Invalidate maps
		MAPA, silent_page,
		MAPB, silent_page,
		// Disable filter (in conjunction with CCCA_RESONANCE == 0)
		VTFT, VTFT_FILTERTARGET_MASK,
		CVCF, CVCF_CURRENTFILTER_MASK,
		REGLIST_END);
	// Setup routing
	if (emu->audigy) {
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write_multiple(emu, voice,
			A_FXRT1, snd_emu10k1_compose_audigy_fxrt1(send_routing),
			A_FXRT2, snd_emu10k1_compose_audigy_fxrt2(send_routing),
			A_SENDAMOUNTS, snd_emu10k1_compose_audigy_sendamounts(send_amount),
			REGLIST_END);
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			u32 aml = emu10k1_send_target_from_amount(send_amount[2 * i]);
			u32 amh = emu10k1_send_target_from_amount(send_amount[2 * i + 1]);
			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, A_CSBA + i, voice, (amh << 16) | aml);
		}
	} else {
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, FXRT, voice,
				      snd_emu10k1_compose_send_routing(send_routing));
	}

	emu->voices[voice].dirty = 1;
}

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voices(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice,
					bool w_16, bool stereo,
					unsigned int start_addr,
					unsigned int end_addr,
					struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&emu->reg_lock, flags);
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(emu, evoice, w_16, stereo,
				   start_addr, end_addr,
				   &mix->send_routing[stereo][0],
				   &mix->send_volume[stereo][0]);
	if (stereo)
		snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(emu, evoice + 1, w_16, true,
					   start_addr, end_addr,
					   &mix->send_routing[2][0],
					   &mix->send_volume[2][0]);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&emu->reg_lock, flags);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_extra_voice(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					     struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice,
					     bool w_16,
					     unsigned int start_addr,
					     unsigned int end_addr)
{
	static const unsigned char send_routing[8] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
	static const unsigned char send_amount[8] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };

	snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(emu, evoice, w_16, false,
				   start_addr, end_addr,
				   send_routing, send_amount);
}

static int snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
					  struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
	size_t alloc_size;
	int type, channels, count;
	int err;

	if (epcm->type == PLAYBACK_EMUVOICE) {
		type = EMU10K1_PCM;
		channels = 1;
		count = params_channels(hw_params);
	} else {
		type = EMU10K1_EFX;
		channels = params_channels(hw_params);
		count = 1;
	}
	err = snd_emu10k1_pcm_channel_alloc(epcm, type, count, channels);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	alloc_size = params_buffer_bytes(hw_params);
	if (emu->iommu_workaround)
		alloc_size += EMUPAGESIZE;
	err = snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream, alloc_size);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;
	if (emu->iommu_workaround && runtime->dma_bytes >= EMUPAGESIZE)
		runtime->dma_bytes -= EMUPAGESIZE;
	if (err > 0) {	/* change */
		int mapped;
		if (epcm->memblk != NULL)
			snd_emu10k1_free_pages(emu, epcm->memblk);
		epcm->memblk = snd_emu10k1_alloc_pages(emu, substream);
		epcm->start_addr = 0;
		if (! epcm->memblk)
			return -ENOMEM;
		mapped = ((struct snd_emu10k1_memblk *)epcm->memblk)->mapped_page;
		if (mapped < 0)
			return -ENOMEM;
		epcm->start_addr = mapped << PAGE_SHIFT;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;

	if (runtime->private_data == NULL)
		return 0;
	epcm = runtime->private_data;
	if (epcm->extra) {
		snd_emu10k1_voice_free(epcm->emu, epcm->extra);
		epcm->extra = NULL;
	}
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_voices(epcm);
	if (epcm->memblk) {
		snd_emu10k1_free_pages(emu, epcm->memblk);
		epcm->memblk = NULL;
		epcm->start_addr = 0;
	}
	snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
	bool w_16 = snd_pcm_format_width(runtime->format) == 16;
	bool stereo = runtime->channels == 2;
	unsigned int start_addr, end_addr;
	unsigned int rate;

	rate = runtime->rate;
	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model &&
	    emu->emu1010.word_clock == 44100)
		rate = rate * 480 / 441;
	epcm->pitch_target = emu10k1_calc_pitch_target(rate);

	start_addr = epcm->start_addr >> w_16;
	end_addr = start_addr + runtime->period_size;
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_extra_voice(emu, epcm->extra, w_16,
					 start_addr, end_addr);
	start_addr >>= stereo;
	epcm->ccca_start_addr = start_addr;
	end_addr = start_addr + runtime->buffer_size;
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voices(emu, epcm->voices[0], w_16, stereo,
				    start_addr, end_addr,
				    &emu->pcm_mixer[substream->number]);

	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
	unsigned int start_addr;
	unsigned int extra_size, channel_size;
	unsigned int i;

	epcm->pitch_target = PITCH_48000;

	start_addr = epcm->start_addr >> 1;  // 16-bit voices

	extra_size = runtime->period_size;
	channel_size = runtime->buffer_size;

	snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_extra_voice(emu, epcm->extra, true,
					 start_addr, start_addr + extra_size);

	epcm->ccca_start_addr = start_addr;
	for (i = 0; i < runtime->channels; i++) {
		snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voices(emu, epcm->voices[i], true, false,
					    start_addr, start_addr + channel_size,
					    &emu->efx_pcm_mixer[i]);
		start_addr += channel_size;
	}

	return 0;
}

static const struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_emu10k1_efx_playback =
{
	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE),
	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
	.rate_min =		48000,
	.rate_max =		48000,
	.channels_min =		1,
	.channels_max =		NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK,
	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
	.periods_min =		2,
	.periods_max =		1024,
	.fifo_size =		0,
};

static int snd_emu10k1_capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
	int idx;

	/* zeroing the buffer size will stop capture */
	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, epcm->capture_bs_reg, 0, 0);
	switch (epcm->type) {
	case CAPTURE_AC97ADC:
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, ADCCR, 0, 0);
		break;
	case CAPTURE_EFX:
		if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model) {
			// The upper 32 16-bit capture voices, two for each of the 16 32-bit channels.
			// The lower voices are occupied by A_EXTOUT_*_CAP*.
			epcm->capture_cr_val = 0;
			epcm->capture_cr_val2 = 0xffffffff >> (32 - runtime->channels * 2);
		}
		if (emu->audigy) {
			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write_multiple(emu, 0,
				A_FXWC1, 0,
				A_FXWC2, 0,
				REGLIST_END);
		} else
			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, FXWC, 0, 0);
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}	
	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, epcm->capture_ba_reg, 0, runtime->dma_addr);
	epcm->capture_bufsize = snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(substream);
	epcm->capture_bs_val = 0;
	for (idx = 0; idx < 31; idx++) {
		if (capture_buffer_sizes[idx] == epcm->capture_bufsize) {
			epcm->capture_bs_val = idx + 1;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (epcm->capture_bs_val == 0) {
		snd_BUG();
		epcm->capture_bs_val++;
	}
	if (epcm->type == CAPTURE_AC97ADC) {
		unsigned rate = runtime->rate;
		if (!(runtime->hw.rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000))
			rate = rate * 480 / 441;

		epcm->capture_cr_val = emu->audigy ? A_ADCCR_LCHANENABLE : ADCCR_LCHANENABLE;
		if (runtime->channels > 1)
			epcm->capture_cr_val |= emu->audigy ? A_ADCCR_RCHANENABLE : ADCCR_RCHANENABLE;
		epcm->capture_cr_val |= emu->audigy ?
			snd_emu10k1_audigy_capture_rate_reg(rate) :
			snd_emu10k1_capture_rate_reg(rate);
	}
	return 0;
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_fill_cache(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					    unsigned voice,
					    u32 sample, bool stereo)
{
	u32 ccr;

	// We assume that the cache is resting at this point (i.e.,
	// CCR_CACHEINVALIDSIZE is very small).

	// Clear leading frames. For simplicitly, this does too much,
	// except for 16-bit stereo. And the interpolator will actually
	// access them at all only when we're pitch-shifting.
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CD0 + i, voice, sample);

	// Fill cache
	ccr = (64 - 3) << REG_SHIFT(CCR_CACHEINVALIDSIZE);
	if (stereo) {
		// The engine goes haywire if CCR_READADDRESS is out of sync
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCR, voice + 1, ccr);
	}
	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCR, voice, ccr);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare_voices(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
						struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm,
						bool w_16, bool stereo,
						int channels)
{
	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = epcm->substream;
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	unsigned eloop_start = epcm->start_addr >> w_16;
	unsigned loop_start = eloop_start >> stereo;
	unsigned eloop_size = runtime->period_size;
	unsigned loop_size = runtime->buffer_size;
	u32 sample = w_16 ? 0 : 0x80808080;

	// To make the playback actually start at the 1st frame,
	// we need to compensate for two circumstances:
	// - The actual position is delayed by the cache size (64 frames)
	// - The interpolator is centered around the 4th frame
	loop_start += (epcm->resume_pos + 64 - 3) % loop_size;
	for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++) {
		unsigned voice = epcm->voices[i]->number;
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCCA_CURRADDR, voice, loop_start);
		loop_start += loop_size;
		snd_emu10k1_playback_fill_cache(emu, voice, sample, stereo);
	}

	// The interrupt is triggered when CCCA_CURRADDR (CA) wraps around,
	// which is ahead of the actual playback position, so the interrupt
	// source needs to be delayed.
	//
	// In principle, this wouldn't need to be the cache's entire size - in
	// practice, CCR_CACHEINVALIDSIZE (CIS) > `fetch threshold` has never
	// been observed, and assuming 40 _bytes_ should be safe.
	//
	// The cache fills are somewhat random, which makes it impossible to
	// align them with the interrupts. This makes a non-delayed interrupt
	// source not practical, as the interrupt handler would have to wait
	// for (CA - CIS) >= period_boundary for every channel in the stream.
	//
	// This is why all other (open) drivers for these chips use timer-based
	// interrupts.
	//
	eloop_start += (epcm->resume_pos + eloop_size - 3) % eloop_size;
	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCCA_CURRADDR, epcm->extra->number, eloop_start);

	// It takes a moment until the cache fills complete,
	// but the unmuting takes long enough for that.
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_commit_volume(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					       struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice,
					       unsigned int vattn)
{
	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write_multiple(emu, evoice->number,
		VTFT, vattn | VTFT_FILTERTARGET_MASK,
		CVCF, vattn | CVCF_CURRENTFILTER_MASK,
		REGLIST_END);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_unmute_voice(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					      struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice,
					      bool stereo, bool master,
					      struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix)
{
	unsigned int vattn;
	unsigned int tmp;

	tmp = stereo ? (master ? 1 : 2) : 0;
	vattn = mix->attn[tmp] << 16;
	snd_emu10k1_playback_commit_volume(emu, evoice, vattn);
}	

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_unmute_voices(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					       struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice,
					       bool stereo,
					       struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix)
{
	snd_emu10k1_playback_unmute_voice(emu, evoice, stereo, true, mix);
	if (stereo)
		snd_emu10k1_playback_unmute_voice(emu, evoice + 1, true, false, mix);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_mute_voice(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					    struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice)
{
	snd_emu10k1_playback_commit_volume(emu, evoice, 0);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_mute_voices(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					     struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice,
					     bool stereo)
{
	snd_emu10k1_playback_mute_voice(emu, evoice);
	if (stereo)
		snd_emu10k1_playback_mute_voice(emu, evoice + 1);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_commit_pitch(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					      u32 voice, u32 pitch_target)
{
	u32 ptrx = snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, PTRX, voice);
	u32 cpf = snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, CPF, voice);
	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write_multiple(emu, voice,
		PTRX, (ptrx & ~PTRX_PITCHTARGET_MASK) | pitch_target,
		CPF, (cpf & ~(CPF_CURRENTPITCH_MASK | CPF_FRACADDRESS_MASK)) | pitch_target,
		REGLIST_END);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					       struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice)
{
	unsigned int voice;

	voice = evoice->number;
	snd_emu10k1_playback_commit_pitch(emu, voice, evoice->epcm->pitch_target << 16);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					    struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice)
{
	unsigned int voice;

	voice = evoice->number;
	snd_emu10k1_playback_commit_pitch(emu, voice, 0);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_set_running(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					     struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm)
{
	epcm->running = 1;
	snd_emu10k1_voice_intr_enable(emu, epcm->extra->number);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_playback_set_stopped(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
					      struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm)
{
	snd_emu10k1_voice_intr_disable(emu, epcm->extra->number);
	epcm->running = 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
				        int cmd)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix;
	bool w_16 = snd_pcm_format_width(runtime->format) == 16;
	bool stereo = runtime->channels == 2;
	int result = 0;

	/*
	dev_dbg(emu->card->dev,
		"trigger - emu10k1 = 0x%x, cmd = %i, pointer = %i\n",
	       (int)emu, cmd, substream->ops->pointer(substream))
	*/
	spin_lock(&emu->reg_lock);
	switch (cmd) {
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
		snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare_voices(emu, epcm, w_16, stereo, 1);
		fallthrough;
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
		mix = &emu->pcm_mixer[substream->number];
		snd_emu10k1_playback_unmute_voices(emu, epcm->voices[0], stereo, mix);
		snd_emu10k1_playback_set_running(emu, epcm);
		snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(emu, epcm->voices[0]);
		snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(emu, epcm->extra);
		break;
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
		snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(emu, epcm->voices[0]);
		snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(emu, epcm->extra);
		snd_emu10k1_playback_set_stopped(emu, epcm);
		snd_emu10k1_playback_mute_voices(emu, epcm->voices[0], stereo);
		break;
	default:
		result = -EINVAL;
		break;
	}
	spin_unlock(&emu->reg_lock);
	return result;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_capture_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
				       int cmd)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
	int result = 0;

	spin_lock(&emu->reg_lock);
	switch (cmd) {
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
		/* hmm this should cause full and half full interrupt to be raised? */
		outl(epcm->capture_ipr, emu->port + IPR);
		snd_emu10k1_intr_enable(emu, epcm->capture_inte);
		/*
		dev_dbg(emu->card->dev, "adccr = 0x%x, adcbs = 0x%x\n",
		       epcm->adccr, epcm->adcbs);
		*/
		switch (epcm->type) {
		case CAPTURE_AC97ADC:
			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, ADCCR, 0, epcm->capture_cr_val);
			break;
		case CAPTURE_EFX:
			if (emu->audigy) {
				snd_emu10k1_ptr_write_multiple(emu, 0,
					A_FXWC1, epcm->capture_cr_val,
					A_FXWC2, epcm->capture_cr_val2,
					REGLIST_END);
				dev_dbg(emu->card->dev,
					"cr_val=0x%x, cr_val2=0x%x\n",
					epcm->capture_cr_val,
					epcm->capture_cr_val2);
			} else
				snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, FXWC, 0, epcm->capture_cr_val);
			break;
		default:	
			break;
		}
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, epcm->capture_bs_reg, 0, epcm->capture_bs_val);
		epcm->running = 1;
		epcm->first_ptr = 1;
		break;
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
		epcm->running = 0;
		snd_emu10k1_intr_disable(emu, epcm->capture_inte);
		outl(epcm->capture_ipr, emu->port + IPR);
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, epcm->capture_bs_reg, 0, 0);
		switch (epcm->type) {
		case CAPTURE_AC97ADC:
			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, ADCCR, 0, 0);
			break;
		case CAPTURE_EFX:
			if (emu->audigy) {
				snd_emu10k1_ptr_write_multiple(emu, 0,
					A_FXWC1, 0,
					A_FXWC2, 0,
					REGLIST_END);
			} else
				snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, FXWC, 0, 0);
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
		break;
	default:
		result = -EINVAL;
	}
	spin_unlock(&emu->reg_lock);
	return result;
}

static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_emu10k1_playback_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
	int ptr;

	if (!epcm->running)
		return 0;

	ptr = snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, CCCA, epcm->voices[0]->number) & 0x00ffffff;
	ptr -= epcm->ccca_start_addr;

	// This is the size of the whole cache minus the interpolator read-ahead,
	// which leads us to the actual playback position.
	//
	// The cache is constantly kept mostly filled, so in principle we could
	// return a more advanced position representing how far the hardware has
	// already read the buffer, and set runtime->delay accordingly. However,
	// this would be slightly different for every channel (and remarkably slow
	// to obtain), so only a fixed worst-case value would be practical.
	//
	ptr -= 64 - 3;
	if (ptr < 0)
		ptr += runtime->buffer_size;

	/*
	dev_dbg(emu->card->dev,
	       "ptr = 0x%lx, buffer_size = 0x%lx, period_size = 0x%lx\n",
	       (long)ptr, (long)runtime->buffer_size,
	       (long)runtime->period_size);
	*/
	return ptr;
}

static u64 snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_voice_mask(struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm,
					       int channels)
{
	u64 mask = 0;

	for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++) {
		int voice = epcm->voices[i]->number;
		mask |= 1ULL << voice;
	}
	return mask;
}

static void snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_freeze_voices(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
						   struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm,
						   int channels)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++) {
		int voice = epcm->voices[i]->number;
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CPF_STOP, voice, 1);
		snd_emu10k1_playback_commit_pitch(emu, voice, PITCH_48000 << 16);
	}
}

static void snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_unmute_voices(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
						   struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm,
						   int channels)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++)
		snd_emu10k1_playback_unmute_voice(emu, epcm->voices[i], false, true,
						  &emu->efx_pcm_mixer[i]);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_stop_voices(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
						 struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm,
						 int channels)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++)
		snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(emu, epcm->voices[i]);
	snd_emu10k1_playback_set_stopped(emu, epcm);

	for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++)
		snd_emu10k1_playback_mute_voice(emu, epcm->voices[i]);
}

static int snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
				        int cmd)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
	u64 mask;
	int result = 0;

	spin_lock(&emu->reg_lock);
	switch (cmd) {
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
		mask = snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_voice_mask(
				epcm, runtime->channels);
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			// Note that the freeze is not interruptible, so we make no
			// effort to reset the bits outside the error handling here.
			snd_emu10k1_voice_set_loop_stop_multiple(emu, mask);
			snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_freeze_voices(
					emu, epcm, runtime->channels);
			snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare_voices(
					emu, epcm, true, false, runtime->channels);

			// It might seem to make more sense to unmute the voices only after
			// they have been started, to potentially avoid torturing the speakers
			// if something goes wrong. However, we cannot unmute atomically,
			// which means that we'd get some mild artifacts in the regular case.
			snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_unmute_voices(emu, epcm, runtime->channels);

			snd_emu10k1_playback_set_running(emu, epcm);
			result = snd_emu10k1_voice_clear_loop_stop_multiple_atomic(emu, mask);
			if (result == 0) {
				// The extra voice is allowed to lag a bit
				snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(emu, epcm->extra);
				goto leave;
			}

			snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_stop_voices(
					emu, epcm, runtime->channels);

			if (result != -EAGAIN)
				break;
			// The sync start can legitimately fail due to NMIs, etc.
		}
		snd_emu10k1_voice_clear_loop_stop_multiple(emu, mask);
		break;
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
		snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(emu, epcm->extra);
		snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_stop_voices(
				emu, epcm, runtime->channels);

		epcm->resume_pos = snd_emu10k1_playback_pointer(substream);
		break;
	default:
		result = -EINVAL;
		break;
	}
leave:
	spin_unlock(&emu->reg_lock);
	return result;
}


static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_emu10k1_capture_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
	unsigned int ptr;

	if (!epcm->running)
		return 0;
	if (epcm->first_ptr) {
		udelay(50);	/* hack, it takes awhile until capture is started */
		epcm->first_ptr = 0;
	}
	ptr = snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, epcm->capture_idx_reg, 0) & 0x0000ffff;
	return bytes_to_frames(runtime, ptr);
}

/*
 *  Playback support device description
 */

static const struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_emu10k1_playback =
{
	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE),
	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_96000,
	.rate_min =		4000,
	.rate_max =		96000,
	.channels_min =		1,
	.channels_max =		2,
	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
	.periods_min =		2,
	.periods_max =		1024,
	.fifo_size =		0,
};

/*
 *  Capture support device description
 */

static const struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_emu10k1_capture =
{
	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_48000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT,
	.rate_min =		8000,
	.rate_max =		48000,
	.channels_min =		1,
	.channels_max =		2,
	.buffer_bytes_max =	(64*1024),
	.period_bytes_min =	384,
	.period_bytes_max =	(64*1024),
	.periods_min =		2,
	.periods_max =		2,
	.fifo_size =		0,
};

static const struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_emu10k1_capture_efx =
{
	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
	.rate_min =		48000,
	.rate_max =		48000,
	.channels_min =		1,
	.channels_max =		16,
	.buffer_bytes_max =	(64*1024),
	.period_bytes_min =	384,
	.period_bytes_max =	(64*1024),
	.periods_min =		2,
	.periods_max =		2,
	.fifo_size =		0,
};

/*
 *
 */

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, struct snd_kcontrol *kctl, int idx, int activate)
{
	struct snd_ctl_elem_id id;

	if (! kctl)
		return;
	if (activate)
		kctl->vd[idx].access &= ~SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE;
	else
		kctl->vd[idx].access |= SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE;
	snd_ctl_notify(emu->card, SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE |
		       SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_INFO,
		       snd_ctl_build_ioff(&id, kctl, idx));
}

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int idx, int activate)
{
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_send_routing, idx, activate);
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_send_volume, idx, activate);
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_attn, idx, activate);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_mixer_notify(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int idx, int activate)
{
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_efx_send_routing, idx, activate);
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_efx_send_volume, idx, activate);
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_efx_attn, idx, activate);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
{
	kfree(runtime->private_data);
}

static int snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK; i++) {
		mix = &emu->efx_pcm_mixer[i];
		mix->epcm = NULL;
		snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_mixer_notify(emu, i, 0);
	}
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_playback_set_constraints(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
{
	int err;

	// The buffer size must be a multiple of the period size, to avoid a
	// mismatch between the extra voice and the regular voices.
	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_integer(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;
	// The hardware is typically the cache's size of 64 frames ahead.
	// Leave enough time for actually filling up the buffer.
	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(
			runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, 128, UINT_MAX);
	return err;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix;
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	int i, j, err;

	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (epcm == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	epcm->emu = emu;
	epcm->type = PLAYBACK_EFX;
	epcm->substream = substream;
	
	runtime->private_data = epcm;
	runtime->private_free = snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream;
	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_efx_playback;
	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model)
		snd_emu1010_constrain_efx_rate(emu, runtime);
	err = snd_emu10k1_playback_set_constraints(runtime);
	if (err < 0) {
		kfree(epcm);
		return err;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK; i++) {
		mix = &emu->efx_pcm_mixer[i];
		for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
			mix->send_routing[0][j] = i + j;
		memset(&mix->send_volume, 0, sizeof(mix->send_volume));
		mix->send_volume[0][0] = 255;
		mix->attn[0] = 0x8000;
		mix->epcm = epcm;
		snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_mixer_notify(emu, i, 1);
	}
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix;
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	int i, err, sample_rate;

	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (epcm == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	epcm->emu = emu;
	epcm->type = PLAYBACK_EMUVOICE;
	epcm->substream = substream;
	runtime->private_data = epcm;
	runtime->private_free = snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream;
	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_playback;
	err = snd_emu10k1_playback_set_constraints(runtime);
	if (err < 0) {
		kfree(epcm);
		return err;
	}
	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model)
		sample_rate = emu->emu1010.word_clock;
	else
		sample_rate = 48000;
	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_noresample(runtime, sample_rate);
	if (err < 0) {
		kfree(epcm);
		return err;
	}
	mix = &emu->pcm_mixer[substream->number];
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
		mix->send_routing[0][i] = mix->send_routing[1][i] = mix->send_routing[2][i] = i;
	memset(&mix->send_volume, 0, sizeof(mix->send_volume));
	mix->send_volume[0][0] = mix->send_volume[0][1] =
	mix->send_volume[1][0] = mix->send_volume[2][1] = 255;
	mix->attn[0] = mix->attn[1] = mix->attn[2] = 0x8000;
	mix->epcm = epcm;
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify(emu, substream->number, 1);
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_playback_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix = &emu->pcm_mixer[substream->number];

	mix->epcm = NULL;
	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify(emu, substream->number, 0);
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_capture_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;

	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (epcm == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	epcm->emu = emu;
	epcm->type = CAPTURE_AC97ADC;
	epcm->substream = substream;
	epcm->capture_ipr = IPR_ADCBUFFULL|IPR_ADCBUFHALFFULL;
	epcm->capture_inte = INTE_ADCBUFENABLE;
	epcm->capture_ba_reg = ADCBA;
	epcm->capture_bs_reg = ADCBS;
	epcm->capture_idx_reg = emu->audigy ? A_ADCIDX : ADCIDX;
	runtime->private_data = epcm;
	runtime->private_free = snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream;
	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_capture;
	snd_emu10k1_constrain_capture_rates(emu, runtime);
	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES,
				   &hw_constraints_capture_buffer_sizes);
	emu->capture_interrupt = snd_emu10k1_pcm_ac97adc_interrupt;
	emu->pcm_capture_substream = substream;
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_capture_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);

	emu->capture_interrupt = NULL;
	emu->pcm_capture_substream = NULL;
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;

	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (epcm == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	epcm->emu = emu;
	epcm->type = CAPTURE_AC97MIC;
	epcm->substream = substream;
	epcm->capture_ipr = IPR_MICBUFFULL|IPR_MICBUFHALFFULL;
	epcm->capture_inte = INTE_MICBUFENABLE;
	epcm->capture_ba_reg = MICBA;
	epcm->capture_bs_reg = MICBS;
	epcm->capture_idx_reg = emu->audigy ? A_MICIDX : MICIDX;
	substream->runtime->private_data = epcm;
	substream->runtime->private_free = snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream;
	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_capture;
	runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000;
	runtime->hw.rate_min = runtime->hw.rate_max = 8000;
	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES,
				   &hw_constraints_capture_buffer_sizes);
	emu->capture_mic_interrupt = snd_emu10k1_pcm_ac97mic_interrupt;
	emu->pcm_capture_mic_substream = substream;
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);

	emu->capture_mic_interrupt = NULL;
	emu->pcm_capture_mic_substream = NULL;
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	int nefx = emu->audigy ? 64 : 32;
	int idx, err;

	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (epcm == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	epcm->emu = emu;
	epcm->type = CAPTURE_EFX;
	epcm->substream = substream;
	epcm->capture_ipr = IPR_EFXBUFFULL|IPR_EFXBUFHALFFULL;
	epcm->capture_inte = INTE_EFXBUFENABLE;
	epcm->capture_ba_reg = FXBA;
	epcm->capture_bs_reg = FXBS;
	epcm->capture_idx_reg = FXIDX;
	substream->runtime->private_data = epcm;
	substream->runtime->private_free = snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream;
	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_capture_efx;
	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model) {
		snd_emu1010_constrain_efx_rate(emu, runtime);
		/*
		 * There are 32 mono channels of 16bits each.
		 * 24bit Audio uses 2x channels over 16bit,
		 * 96kHz uses 2x channels over 48kHz,
		 * 192kHz uses 4x channels over 48kHz.
		 * So, for 48kHz 24bit, one has 16 channels,
		 * for 96kHz 24bit, one has 8 channels,
		 * for 192kHz 24bit, one has 4 channels.
		 * 1010rev2 and 1616(m) cards have double that,
		 * but we don't exceed 16 channels anyway.
		 */
#if 0
		/* For 96kHz */
		runtime->hw.channels_min = runtime->hw.channels_max = 4;
#endif
#if 0
		/* For 192kHz */
		runtime->hw.channels_min = runtime->hw.channels_max = 2;
#endif
		runtime->hw.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE;
	} else {
		spin_lock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
		runtime->hw.channels_min = runtime->hw.channels_max = 0;
		for (idx = 0; idx < nefx; idx++) {
			if (emu->efx_voices_mask[idx/32] & (1 << (idx%32))) {
				runtime->hw.channels_min++;
				runtime->hw.channels_max++;
			}
		}
		epcm->capture_cr_val = emu->efx_voices_mask[0];
		epcm->capture_cr_val2 = emu->efx_voices_mask[1];
		spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
	}
	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
					 &hw_constraints_efx_capture_channels);
	if (err < 0) {
		kfree(epcm);
		return err;
	}
	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES,
				   &hw_constraints_capture_buffer_sizes);
	emu->capture_efx_interrupt = snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_interrupt;
	emu->pcm_capture_efx_substream = substream;
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);

	emu->capture_efx_interrupt = NULL;
	emu->pcm_capture_efx_substream = NULL;
	return 0;
}

static const struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_playback_ops = {
	.open =			snd_emu10k1_playback_open,
	.close =		snd_emu10k1_playback_close,
	.hw_params =		snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_params,
	.hw_free =		snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_free,
	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare,
	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger,
	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_playback_pointer,
};

static const struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_capture_ops = {
	.open =			snd_emu10k1_capture_open,
	.close =		snd_emu10k1_capture_close,
	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_capture_prepare,
	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_capture_trigger,
	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_capture_pointer,
};

/* EFX playback */
static const struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_ops = {
	.open =			snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_open,
	.close =		snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_close,
	.hw_params =		snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_params,
	.hw_free =		snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_free,
	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_prepare,
	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_trigger,
	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_playback_pointer,
};

int snd_emu10k1_pcm(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int device)
{
	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
	int err;

	err = snd_pcm_new(emu->card, "emu10k1", device, 32, 1, &pcm);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	pcm->private_data = emu;

	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_emu10k1_playback_ops);
	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_emu10k1_capture_ops);

	pcm->info_flags = 0;
	pcm->dev_subclass = SNDRV_PCM_SUBCLASS_GENERIC_MIX;
	strcpy(pcm->name, "ADC Capture/Standard PCM Playback");
	emu->pcm = pcm;

	/* playback substream can't use managed buffers due to alignment */
	for (substream = pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].substream; substream; substream = substream->next)
		snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages(substream, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_SG,
					      &emu->pci->dev,
					      64*1024, 64*1024);

	for (substream = pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].substream; substream; substream = substream->next)
		snd_pcm_set_managed_buffer(substream, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV,
					   &emu->pci->dev, 64*1024, 64*1024);

	return 0;
}

int snd_emu10k1_pcm_multi(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int device)
{
	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
	int err;

	err = snd_pcm_new(emu->card, "emu10k1", device, 1, 0, &pcm);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	pcm->private_data = emu;

	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_ops);

	pcm->info_flags = 0;
	pcm->dev_subclass = SNDRV_PCM_SUBCLASS_GENERIC_MIX;
	strcpy(pcm->name, "Multichannel Playback");
	emu->pcm_multi = pcm;

	for (substream = pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].substream; substream; substream = substream->next)
		snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages(substream, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_SG,
					      &emu->pci->dev,
					      64*1024, 64*1024);

	return 0;
}


static const struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_ops = {
	.open =			snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_open,
	.close =		snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_close,
	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_capture_prepare,
	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_capture_trigger,
	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_capture_pointer,
};

int snd_emu10k1_pcm_mic(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int device)
{
	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
	int err;

	err = snd_pcm_new(emu->card, "emu10k1 mic", device, 0, 1, &pcm);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	pcm->private_data = emu;

	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_ops);

	pcm->info_flags = 0;
	strcpy(pcm->name, "Mic Capture");
	emu->pcm_mic = pcm;

	snd_pcm_set_managed_buffer_all(pcm, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, &emu->pci->dev,
				       64*1024, 64*1024);

	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
	int nefx = emu->audigy ? 64 : 32;
	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN;
	uinfo->count = nefx;
	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
	uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
	int nefx = emu->audigy ? 64 : 32;
	int idx;
	
	for (idx = 0; idx < nefx; idx++)
		ucontrol->value.integer.value[idx] = (emu->efx_voices_mask[idx / 32] & (1 << (idx % 32))) ? 1 : 0;
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
	unsigned int nval[2], bits;
	int nefx = emu->audigy ? 64 : 32;
	int change, idx;
	
	nval[0] = nval[1] = 0;
	for (idx = 0, bits = 0; idx < nefx; idx++)
		if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[idx]) {
			nval[idx / 32] |= 1 << (idx % 32);
			bits++;
		}

	if (bits == 9 || bits == 11 || bits == 13 || bits == 15 || bits > 16)
		return -EINVAL;

	spin_lock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
	change = (nval[0] != emu->efx_voices_mask[0]) ||
		(nval[1] != emu->efx_voices_mask[1]);
	emu->efx_voices_mask[0] = nval[0];
	emu->efx_voices_mask[1] = nval[1];
	spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
	return change;
}

static const struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask = {
	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM,
	.name = "Captured FX8010 Outputs",
	.info = snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_info,
	.get = snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_get,
	.put = snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_put
};

static const struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_ops = {
	.open =			snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_open,
	.close =		snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_close,
	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_capture_prepare,
	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_capture_trigger,
	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_capture_pointer,
};


/* EFX playback */

#define INITIAL_TRAM_SHIFT     14
#define INITIAL_TRAM_POS(size) ((((size) / 2) - INITIAL_TRAM_SHIFT) - 1)

static void snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_irq(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, void *private_data)
{
	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = private_data;
	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(substream);
}

static void snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_tram_poke1(unsigned short *dst_left,
						   unsigned short *dst_right,
						   unsigned short *src,
						   unsigned int count,
						   unsigned int tram_shift)
{
	/*
	dev_dbg(emu->card->dev,
		"tram_poke1: dst_left = 0x%p, dst_right = 0x%p, "
	       "src = 0x%p, count = 0x%x\n",
	       dst_left, dst_right, src, count);
	*/
	if ((tram_shift & 1) == 0) {
		while (count--) {
			*dst_left-- = *src++;
			*dst_right-- = *src++;
		}
	} else {
		while (count--) {
			*dst_right-- = *src++;
			*dst_left-- = *src++;
		}
	}
}

static void fx8010_pb_trans_copy(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
				 struct snd_pcm_indirect *rec, size_t bytes)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
	unsigned int tram_size = pcm->buffer_size;
	unsigned short *src = (unsigned short *)(substream->runtime->dma_area + rec->sw_data);
	unsigned int frames = bytes >> 2, count;
	unsigned int tram_pos = pcm->tram_pos;
	unsigned int tram_shift = pcm->tram_shift;

	while (frames > tram_pos) {
		count = tram_pos + 1;
		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_tram_poke1((unsigned short *)emu->fx8010.etram_pages.area + tram_pos,
						       (unsigned short *)emu->fx8010.etram_pages.area + tram_pos + tram_size / 2,
						       src, count, tram_shift);
		src += count * 2;
		frames -= count;
		tram_pos = (tram_size / 2) - 1;
		tram_shift++;
	}
	snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_tram_poke1((unsigned short *)emu->fx8010.etram_pages.area + tram_pos,
					       (unsigned short *)emu->fx8010.etram_pages.area + tram_pos + tram_size / 2,
					       src, frames, tram_shift);
	tram_pos -= frames;
	pcm->tram_pos = tram_pos;
	pcm->tram_shift = tram_shift;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_transfer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];

	return snd_pcm_indirect_playback_transfer(substream, &pcm->pcm_rec,
						  fx8010_pb_trans_copy);
}

static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < pcm->channels; i++)
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, TANKMEMADDRREGBASE + 0x80 + pcm->etram[i], 0, 0);
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
	unsigned int i;
	
	/*
	dev_dbg(emu->card->dev, "prepare: etram_pages = 0x%p, dma_area = 0x%x, "
	       "buffer_size = 0x%x (0x%x)\n",
	       emu->fx8010.etram_pages, runtime->dma_area,
	       runtime->buffer_size, runtime->buffer_size << 2);
	*/
	memset(&pcm->pcm_rec, 0, sizeof(pcm->pcm_rec));
	pcm->pcm_rec.hw_buffer_size = pcm->buffer_size * 2; /* byte size */
	pcm->pcm_rec.sw_buffer_size = snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(substream);
	pcm->tram_pos = INITIAL_TRAM_POS(pcm->buffer_size);
	pcm->tram_shift = 0;
	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write_multiple(emu, 0,
		emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_running, 0,	/* reset */
		emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_trigger, 0,	/* reset */
		emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_size, runtime->buffer_size,
		emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_ptr, 0,	/* reset ptr number */
		emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_count, runtime->period_size,
		emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_tmpcount, runtime->period_size,
		REGLIST_END);
	for (i = 0; i < pcm->channels; i++)
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, TANKMEMADDRREGBASE + 0x80 + pcm->etram[i], 0, (TANKMEMADDRREG_READ|TANKMEMADDRREG_ALIGN) + i * (runtime->buffer_size / pcm->channels));
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
	int result = 0;

	spin_lock(&emu->reg_lock);
	switch (cmd) {
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
		/* follow thru */
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
#ifdef EMU10K1_SET_AC3_IEC958
	{
		int i;
		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			unsigned int bits;
			bits = SPCS_CLKACCY_1000PPM | SPCS_SAMPLERATE_48 |
			       SPCS_CHANNELNUM_LEFT | SPCS_SOURCENUM_UNSPEC | SPCS_GENERATIONSTATUS |
			       0x00001200 | SPCS_EMPHASIS_NONE | SPCS_COPYRIGHT | SPCS_NOTAUDIODATA;
			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, SPCS0 + i, 0, bits);
		}
	}
#endif
		result = snd_emu10k1_fx8010_register_irq_handler(emu, snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_irq, pcm->gpr_running, substream, &pcm->irq);
		if (result < 0)
			goto __err;
		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_transfer(substream);	/* roll the ball */
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_trigger, 0, 1);
		break;
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_unregister_irq_handler(emu, &pcm->irq);
		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_trigger, 0, 0);
		pcm->tram_pos = INITIAL_TRAM_POS(pcm->buffer_size);
		pcm->tram_shift = 0;
		break;
	default:
		result = -EINVAL;
		break;
	}
      __err:
	spin_unlock(&emu->reg_lock);
	return result;
}

static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
	size_t ptr; /* byte pointer */

	if (!snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_trigger, 0))
		return 0;
	ptr = snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_ptr, 0) << 2;
	return snd_pcm_indirect_playback_pointer(substream, &pcm->pcm_rec, ptr);
}

static const struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback =
{
	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |
				 /* SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID | */ SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_SYNC_APPLPTR),
	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
	.rate_min =		48000,
	.rate_max =		48000,
	.channels_min =		1,
	.channels_max =		1,
	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
	.period_bytes_min =	1024,
	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
	.periods_min =		2,
	.periods_max =		1024,
	.fifo_size =		0,
};

static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];

	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback;
	runtime->hw.channels_min = runtime->hw.channels_max = pcm->channels;
	runtime->hw.period_bytes_max = (pcm->buffer_size * 2) / 2;
	spin_lock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
	if (pcm->valid == 0) {
		spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
		return -ENODEV;
	}
	pcm->opened = 1;
	spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
	return 0;
}

static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];

	spin_lock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
	pcm->opened = 0;
	spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
	return 0;
}

static const struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_ops = {
	.open =			snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_open,
	.close =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_close,
	.hw_free =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_hw_free,
	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_prepare,
	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_trigger,
	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_pointer,
	.ack =			snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_transfer,
};

int snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int device)
{
	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
	int err;

	err = snd_pcm_new(emu->card, "emu10k1 efx", device, emu->audigy ? 0 : 8, 1, &pcm);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	pcm->private_data = emu;

	if (!emu->audigy)
		snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_ops);
	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_ops);

	pcm->info_flags = 0;
	if (emu->audigy)
		strcpy(pcm->name, "Multichannel Capture");
	else
		strcpy(pcm->name, "Multichannel Capture/PT Playback");
	emu->pcm_efx = pcm;

	if (!emu->card_capabilities->emu_model) {
		// On Sound Blasters, the DSP code copies the EXTINs to FXBUS2.
		// The mask determines which of these and the EXTOUTs the multi-
		// channel capture actually records (the channel order is fixed).
		if (emu->audigy) {
			emu->efx_voices_mask[0] = 0;
			emu->efx_voices_mask[1] = 0xffff;
		} else {
			emu->efx_voices_mask[0] = 0xffff0000;
			emu->efx_voices_mask[1] = 0;
		}
		kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask, emu);
		if (!kctl)
			return -ENOMEM;
		kctl->id.device = device;
		err = snd_ctl_add(emu->card, kctl);
		if (err < 0)
			return err;
	} else {
		// On E-MU cards, the DSP code copies the P16VINs/EMU32INs to
		// FXBUS2. These are already selected & routed by the FPGA,
		// so there is no need to apply additional masking.
	}

	snd_pcm_set_managed_buffer_all(pcm, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, &emu->pci->dev,
				       64*1024, 64*1024);

	return 0;
}