path: root/tools/testing/selftests/mm/uffd-stress.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Stress userfaultfd syscall.
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2015  Red Hat, Inc.
 *
 * This test allocates two virtual areas and bounces the physical
 * memory across the two virtual areas (from area_src to area_dst)
 * using userfaultfd.
 *
 * There are three threads running per CPU:
 *
 * 1) one per-CPU thread takes a per-page pthread_mutex in a random
 *    page of the area_dst (while the physical page may still be in
 *    area_src), and increments a per-page counter in the same page,
 *    and checks its value against a verification region.
 *
 * 2) another per-CPU thread handles the userfaults generated by
 *    thread 1 above. userfaultfd blocking reads or poll() modes are
 *    exercised interleaved.
 *
 * 3) one last per-CPU thread transfers the memory in the background
 *    at maximum bandwidth (if not already transferred by thread
 *    2). Each cpu thread takes cares of transferring a portion of the
 *    area.
 *
 * When all threads of type 3 completed the transfer, one bounce is
 * complete. area_src and area_dst are then swapped. All threads are
 * respawned and so the bounce is immediately restarted in the
 * opposite direction.
 *
 * per-CPU threads 1 by triggering userfaults inside
 * pthread_mutex_lock will also verify the atomicity of the memory
 * transfer (UFFDIO_COPY).
 */

#include "uffd-common.h"

#ifdef __NR_userfaultfd

#define BOUNCE_RANDOM		(1<<0)
#define BOUNCE_RACINGFAULTS	(1<<1)
#define BOUNCE_VERIFY		(1<<2)
#define BOUNCE_POLL		(1<<3)
static int bounces;

/* exercise the test_uffdio_*_eexist every ALARM_INTERVAL_SECS */
#define ALARM_INTERVAL_SECS 10
static char *zeropage;
pthread_attr_t attr;

#define swap(a, b) \
	do { typeof(a) __tmp = (a); (a) = (b); (b) = __tmp; } while (0)

const char *examples =
    "# Run anonymous memory test on 100MiB region with 99999 bounces:\n"
    "./userfaultfd anon 100 99999\n\n"
    "# Run the same anonymous memory test, but using /dev/userfaultfd:\n"
    "./userfaultfd anon:dev 100 99999\n\n"
    "# Run share memory test on 1GiB region with 99 bounces:\n"
    "./userfaultfd shmem 1000 99\n\n"
    "# Run hugetlb memory test on 256MiB region with 50 bounces:\n"
    "./userfaultfd hugetlb 256 50\n\n"
    "# Run the same hugetlb test but using shared file:\n"
    "./userfaultfd hugetlb_shared 256 50\n\n"
    "# 10MiB-~6GiB 999 bounces anonymous test, "
    "continue forever unless an error triggers\n"
    "while ./userfaultfd anon $[RANDOM % 6000 + 10] 999; do true; done\n\n";

static void usage(void)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "\nUsage: ./userfaultfd <test type> <MiB> <bounces> "
		"[hugetlbfs_file]\n\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "Supported <test type>: anon, hugetlb, "
		"hugetlb_shared, shmem\n\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "'Test mods' can be joined to the test type string with a ':'. "
		"Supported mods:\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\tsyscall - Use userfaultfd(2) (default)\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\tdev - Use /dev/userfaultfd instead of userfaultfd(2)\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\nExample test mod usage:\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "# Run anonymous memory test with /dev/userfaultfd:\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "./userfaultfd anon:dev 100 99999\n\n");

	fprintf(stderr, "Examples:\n\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "%s", examples);
	exit(1);
}

static void uffd_stats_reset(struct uffd_args *args, unsigned long n_cpus)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < n_cpus; i++) {
		args[i].cpu = i;
		args[i].apply_wp = test_uffdio_wp;
		args[i].missing_faults = 0;
		args[i].wp_faults = 0;
		args[i].minor_faults = 0;
	}
}

static inline uint64_t uffd_minor_feature(void)
{
	if (test_type == TEST_HUGETLB && map_shared)
		return UFFD_FEATURE_MINOR_HUGETLBFS;
	else if (test_type == TEST_SHMEM)
		return UFFD_FEATURE_MINOR_SHMEM;
	else
		return 0;
}

static int my_bcmp(char *str1, char *str2, size_t n)
{
	unsigned long i;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		if (str1[i] != str2[i])
			return 1;
	return 0;
}

static void *locking_thread(void *arg)
{
	unsigned long cpu = (unsigned long) arg;
	unsigned long page_nr;
	unsigned long long count;

	if (!(bounces & BOUNCE_RANDOM)) {
		page_nr = -bounces;
		if (!(bounces & BOUNCE_RACINGFAULTS))
			page_nr += cpu * nr_pages_per_cpu;
	}

	while (!finished) {
		if (bounces & BOUNCE_RANDOM) {
			if (getrandom(&page_nr, sizeof(page_nr), 0) != sizeof(page_nr))
				err("getrandom failed");
		} else
			page_nr += 1;
		page_nr %= nr_pages;
		pthread_mutex_lock(area_mutex(area_dst, page_nr));
		count = *area_count(area_dst, page_nr);
		if (count != count_verify[page_nr])
			err("page_nr %lu memory corruption %llu %llu",
			    page_nr, count, count_verify[page_nr]);
		count++;
		*area_count(area_dst, page_nr) = count_verify[page_nr] = count;
		pthread_mutex_unlock(area_mutex(area_dst, page_nr));
	}

	return NULL;
}

static int copy_page_retry(int ufd, unsigned long offset)
{
	return __copy_page(ufd, offset, true, test_uffdio_wp);
}

pthread_mutex_t uffd_read_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

static void *uffd_read_thread(void *arg)
{
	struct uffd_args *args = (struct uffd_args *)arg;
	struct uffd_msg msg;

	pthread_mutex_unlock(&uffd_read_mutex);
	/* from here cancellation is ok */

	for (;;) {
		if (uffd_read_msg(uffd, &msg))
			continue;
		uffd_handle_page_fault(&msg, args);
	}

	return NULL;
}

static void *background_thread(void *arg)
{
	unsigned long cpu = (unsigned long) arg;
	unsigned long page_nr, start_nr, mid_nr, end_nr;

	start_nr = cpu * nr_pages_per_cpu;
	end_nr = (cpu+1) * nr_pages_per_cpu;
	mid_nr = (start_nr + end_nr) / 2;

	/* Copy the first half of the pages */
	for (page_nr = start_nr; page_nr < mid_nr; page_nr++)
		copy_page_retry(uffd, page_nr * page_size);

	/*
	 * If we need to test uffd-wp, set it up now.  Then we'll have
	 * at least the first half of the pages mapped already which
	 * can be write-protected for testing
	 */
	if (test_uffdio_wp)
		wp_range(uffd, (unsigned long)area_dst + start_nr * page_size,
			nr_pages_per_cpu * page_size, true);

	/*
	 * Continue the 2nd half of the page copying, handling write
	 * protection faults if any
	 */
	for (page_nr = mid_nr; page_nr < end_nr; page_nr++)
		copy_page_retry(uffd, page_nr * page_size);

	return NULL;
}

static int stress(struct uffd_args *args)
{
	unsigned long cpu;
	pthread_t locking_threads[nr_cpus];
	pthread_t uffd_threads[nr_cpus];
	pthread_t background_threads[nr_cpus];

	finished = 0;
	for (cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpus; cpu++) {
		if (pthread_create(&locking_threads[cpu], &attr,
				   locking_thread, (void *)cpu))
			return 1;
		if (bounces & BOUNCE_POLL) {
			if (pthread_create(&uffd_threads[cpu], &attr,
					   uffd_poll_thread,
					   (void *)&args[cpu]))
				return 1;
		} else {
			if (pthread_create(&uffd_threads[cpu], &attr,
					   uffd_read_thread,
					   (void *)&args[cpu]))
				return 1;
			pthread_mutex_lock(&uffd_read_mutex);
		}
		if (pthread_create(&background_threads[cpu], &attr,
				   background_thread, (void *)cpu))
			return 1;
	}
	for (cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpus; cpu++)
		if (pthread_join(background_threads[cpu], NULL))
			return 1;

	/*
	 * Be strict and immediately zap area_src, the whole area has
	 * been transferred already by the background treads. The
	 * area_src could then be faulted in a racy way by still
	 * running uffdio_threads reading zeropages after we zapped
	 * area_src (but they're guaranteed to get -EEXIST from
	 * UFFDIO_COPY without writing zero pages into area_dst
	 * because the background threads already completed).
	 */
	uffd_test_ops->release_pages(area_src);

	finished = 1;
	for (cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpus; cpu++)
		if (pthread_join(locking_threads[cpu], NULL))
			return 1;

	for (cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpus; cpu++) {
		char c;
		if (bounces & BOUNCE_POLL) {
			if (write(pipefd[cpu*2+1], &c, 1) != 1)
				err("pipefd write error");
			if (pthread_join(uffd_threads[cpu],
					 (void *)&args[cpu]))
				return 1;
		} else {
			if (pthread_cancel(uffd_threads[cpu]))
				return 1;
			if (pthread_join(uffd_threads[cpu], NULL))
				return 1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static void retry_uffdio_zeropage(int ufd,
				  struct uffdio_zeropage *uffdio_zeropage,
				  unsigned long offset)
{
	uffd_test_ops->alias_mapping(&uffdio_zeropage->range.start,
				     uffdio_zeropage->range.len,
				     offset);
	if (ioctl(ufd, UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE, uffdio_zeropage)) {
		if (uffdio_zeropage->zeropage != -EEXIST)
			err("UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE error: %"PRId64,
			    (int64_t)uffdio_zeropage->zeropage);
	} else {
		err("UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE error: %"PRId64,
		    (int64_t)uffdio_zeropage->zeropage);
	}
}

static int __uffdio_zeropage(int ufd, unsigned long offset)
{
	struct uffdio_zeropage uffdio_zeropage;
	int ret;
	bool has_zeropage = !(test_type == TEST_HUGETLB);
	__s64 res;

	if (offset >= nr_pages * page_size)
		err("unexpected offset %lu", offset);
	uffdio_zeropage.range.start = (unsigned long) area_dst + offset;
	uffdio_zeropage.range.len = page_size;
	uffdio_zeropage.mode = 0;
	ret = ioctl(ufd, UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE, &uffdio_zeropage);
	res = uffdio_zeropage.zeropage;
	if (ret) {
		/* real retval in ufdio_zeropage.zeropage */
		if (has_zeropage)
			err("UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE error: %"PRId64, (int64_t)res);
		else if (res != -EINVAL)
			err("UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE not -EINVAL");
	} else if (has_zeropage) {
		if (res != page_size) {
			err("UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE unexpected size");
		} else {
			retry_uffdio_zeropage(ufd, &uffdio_zeropage,
					      offset);
			return 1;
		}
	} else
		err("UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE succeeded");

	return 0;
}

static int uffdio_zeropage(int ufd, unsigned long offset)
{
	return __uffdio_zeropage(ufd, offset);
}

/* exercise UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE */
static int userfaultfd_zeropage_test(void)
{
	printf("testing UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE: ");
	fflush(stdout);

	uffd_test_ctx_init(0);

	if (uffd_register(uffd, area_dst, nr_pages * page_size,
			  true, test_uffdio_wp, false))
		err("register failure");

	if (area_dst_alias) {
		/* Needed this to test zeropage-retry on shared memory */
		if (uffd_register(uffd, area_dst_alias, nr_pages * page_size,
				  true, test_uffdio_wp, false))
			err("register failure");
	}

	if (uffdio_zeropage(uffd, 0))
		if (my_bcmp(area_dst, zeropage, page_size))
			err("zeropage is not zero");

	printf("done.\n");
	return 0;
}

static int userfaultfd_stress(void)
{
	void *area;
	unsigned long nr;
	struct uffd_args args[nr_cpus];
	uint64_t mem_size = nr_pages * page_size;

	uffd_test_ctx_init(UFFD_FEATURE_WP_UNPOPULATED);

	if (posix_memalign(&area, page_size, page_size))
		err("out of memory");
	zeropage = area;
	bzero(zeropage, page_size);

	pthread_mutex_lock(&uffd_read_mutex);

	pthread_attr_init(&attr);
	pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, 16*1024*1024);

	while (bounces--) {
		printf("bounces: %d, mode:", bounces);
		if (bounces & BOUNCE_RANDOM)
			printf(" rnd");
		if (bounces & BOUNCE_RACINGFAULTS)
			printf(" racing");
		if (bounces & BOUNCE_VERIFY)
			printf(" ver");
		if (bounces & BOUNCE_POLL)
			printf(" poll");
		else
			printf(" read");
		printf(", ");
		fflush(stdout);

		if (bounces & BOUNCE_POLL)
			fcntl(uffd, F_SETFL, uffd_flags | O_NONBLOCK);
		else
			fcntl(uffd, F_SETFL, uffd_flags & ~O_NONBLOCK);

		/* register */
		if (uffd_register(uffd, area_dst, mem_size,
				  true, test_uffdio_wp, false))
			err("register failure");

		if (area_dst_alias) {
			if (uffd_register(uffd, area_dst_alias, mem_size,
					  true, test_uffdio_wp, false))
				err("register failure alias");
		}

		/*
		 * The madvise done previously isn't enough: some
		 * uffd_thread could have read userfaults (one of
		 * those already resolved by the background thread)
		 * and it may be in the process of calling
		 * UFFDIO_COPY. UFFDIO_COPY will read the zapped
		 * area_src and it would map a zero page in it (of
		 * course such a UFFDIO_COPY is perfectly safe as it'd
		 * return -EEXIST). The problem comes at the next
		 * bounce though: that racing UFFDIO_COPY would
		 * generate zeropages in the area_src, so invalidating
		 * the previous MADV_DONTNEED. Without this additional
		 * MADV_DONTNEED those zeropages leftovers in the
		 * area_src would lead to -EEXIST failure during the
		 * next bounce, effectively leaving a zeropage in the
		 * area_dst.
		 *
		 * Try to comment this out madvise to see the memory
		 * corruption being caught pretty quick.
		 *
		 * khugepaged is also inhibited to collapse THP after
		 * MADV_DONTNEED only after the UFFDIO_REGISTER, so it's
		 * required to MADV_DONTNEED here.
		 */
		uffd_test_ops->release_pages(area_dst);

		uffd_stats_reset(args, nr_cpus);

		/* bounce pass */
		if (stress(args))
			return 1;

		/* Clear all the write protections if there is any */
		if (test_uffdio_wp)
			wp_range(uffd, (unsigned long)area_dst,
				 nr_pages * page_size, false);

		/* unregister */
		if (uffd_unregister(uffd, area_dst, mem_size))
			err("unregister failure");
		if (area_dst_alias) {
			if (uffd_unregister(uffd, area_dst_alias, mem_size))
				err("unregister failure alias");
		}

		/* verification */
		if (bounces & BOUNCE_VERIFY)
			for (nr = 0; nr < nr_pages; nr++)
				if (*area_count(area_dst, nr) != count_verify[nr])
					err("error area_count %llu %llu %lu\n",
					    *area_count(area_src, nr),
					    count_verify[nr], nr);

		/* prepare next bounce */
		swap(area_src, area_dst);

		swap(area_src_alias, area_dst_alias);

		uffd_stats_report(args, nr_cpus);
	}

	return userfaultfd_zeropage_test();
}

static void set_test_type(const char *type)
{
	if (!strcmp(type, "anon")) {
		test_type = TEST_ANON;
		uffd_test_ops = &anon_uffd_test_ops;
	} else if (!strcmp(type, "hugetlb")) {
		test_type = TEST_HUGETLB;
		uffd_test_ops = &hugetlb_uffd_test_ops;
	} else if (!strcmp(type, "hugetlb_shared")) {
		map_shared = true;
		test_type = TEST_HUGETLB;
		uffd_test_ops = &hugetlb_uffd_test_ops;
	} else if (!strcmp(type, "shmem")) {
		map_shared = true;
		test_type = TEST_SHMEM;
		uffd_test_ops = &shmem_uffd_test_ops;
	}
}

static void parse_test_type_arg(const char *raw_type)
{
	char *buf = strdup(raw_type);
	uint64_t features = UFFD_API_FEATURES;

	while (buf) {
		const char *token = strsep(&buf, ":");

		if (!test_type)
			set_test_type(token);
		else if (!strcmp(token, "dev"))
			test_dev_userfaultfd = true;
		else if (!strcmp(token, "syscall"))
			test_dev_userfaultfd = false;
		else
			err("unrecognized test mod '%s'", token);
	}

	if (!test_type)
		err("failed to parse test type argument: '%s'", raw_type);

	if (test_type == TEST_HUGETLB)
		page_size = default_huge_page_size();
	else
		page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);

	if (!page_size)
		err("Unable to determine page size");
	if ((unsigned long) area_count(NULL, 0) + sizeof(unsigned long long) * 2
	    > page_size)
		err("Impossible to run this test");

	/*
	 * Whether we can test certain features depends not just on test type,
	 * but also on whether or not this particular kernel supports the
	 * feature.
	 */

	userfaultfd_open(&features);

	test_uffdio_wp = test_uffdio_wp &&
		(features & UFFD_FEATURE_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP);

	close(uffd);
	uffd = -1;
}

static void sigalrm(int sig)
{
	if (sig != SIGALRM)
		abort();
	test_uffdio_copy_eexist = true;
	alarm(ALARM_INTERVAL_SECS);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	size_t bytes;

	if (argc < 4)
		usage();

	if (signal(SIGALRM, sigalrm) == SIG_ERR)
		err("failed to arm SIGALRM");
	alarm(ALARM_INTERVAL_SECS);

	parse_test_type_arg(argv[1]);
	bytes = atol(argv[2]) * 1024 * 1024;

	nr_cpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);

	nr_pages_per_cpu = bytes / page_size / nr_cpus;
	if (!nr_pages_per_cpu) {
		_err("invalid MiB");
		usage();
	}

	bounces = atoi(argv[3]);
	if (bounces <= 0) {
		_err("invalid bounces");
		usage();
	}
	nr_pages = nr_pages_per_cpu * nr_cpus;

	printf("nr_pages: %lu, nr_pages_per_cpu: %lu\n",
	       nr_pages, nr_pages_per_cpu);
	return userfaultfd_stress();
}

#else /* __NR_userfaultfd */

#warning "missing __NR_userfaultfd definition"

int main(void)
{
	printf("skip: Skipping userfaultfd test (missing __NR_userfaultfd)\n");
	return KSFT_SKIP;
}

#endif /* __NR_userfaultfd */