Merge tag 'mm-stable-2025-05-31-14-50' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "Add folio_mk_pte()" from Matthew Wilcox simplifies the act of
   creating a pte which addresses the first page in a folio and reduces
   the amount of plumbing which architecture must implement to provide
   this.

 - "Misc folio patches for 6.16" from Matthew Wilcox is a shower of
   largely unrelated folio infrastructure changes which clean things up
   and better prepare us for future work.

 - "memory,x86,acpi: hotplug memory alignment advisement" from Gregory
   Price adds early-init code to prevent x86 from leaving physical
   memory unused when physical address regions are not aligned to memory
   block size.

 - "mm/compaction: allow more aggressive proactive compaction" from
   Michal Clapinski provides some tuning of the (sadly, hard-coded (more
   sadly, not auto-tuned)) thresholds for our invokation of proactive
   compaction. In a simple test case, the reduction of a guest VM's
   memory consumption was dramatic.

 - "Minor cleanups and improvements to swap freeing code" from Kemeng
   Shi provides some code cleaups and a small efficiency improvement to
   this part of our swap handling code.

 - "ptrace: introduce PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO API" from Dmitry Levin
   adds the ability for a ptracer to modify syscalls arguments. At this
   time we can alter only "system call information that are used by
   strace system call tampering, namely, syscall number, syscall
   arguments, and syscall return value.

   This series should have been incorporated into mm.git's "non-MM"
   branch, but I goofed.

 - "fs/proc: extend the PAGEMAP_SCAN ioctl to report guard regions" from
   Andrei Vagin extends the info returned by the PAGEMAP_SCAN ioctl
   against /proc/pid/pagemap. This permits CRIU to more efficiently get
   at the info about guard regions.

 - "Fix parameter passed to page_mapcount_is_type()" from Gavin Shan
   implements that fix. No runtime effect is expected because
   validate_page_before_insert() happens to fix up this error.

 - "kernel/events/uprobes: uprobe_write_opcode() rewrite" from David
   Hildenbrand basically brings uprobe text poking into the current
   decade. Remove a bunch of hand-rolled implementation in favor of
   using more current facilities.

 - "mm/ptdump: Drop assumption that pxd_val() is u64" from Anshuman
   Khandual provides enhancements and generalizations to the pte dumping
   code. This might be needed when 128-bit Page Table Descriptors are
   enabled for ARM.

 - "Always call constructor for kernel page tables" from Kevin Brodsky
   ensures that the ctor/dtor is always called for kernel pgtables, as
   it already is for user pgtables.

   This permits the addition of more functionality such as "insert hooks
   to protect page tables". This change does result in various
   architectures performing unnecesary work, but this is fixed up where
   it is anticipated to occur.

 - "Rust support for mm_struct, vm_area_struct, and mmap" from Alice
   Ryhl adds plumbing to permit Rust access to core MM structures.

 - "fix incorrectly disallowed anonymous VMA merges" from Lorenzo
   Stoakes takes advantage of some VMA merging opportunities which we've
   been missing for 15 years.

 - "mm/madvise: batch tlb flushes for MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_FREE" from
   SeongJae Park optimizes process_madvise()'s TLB flushing.

   Instead of flushing each address range in the provided iovec, we
   batch the flushing across all the iovec entries. The syscall's cost
   was approximately halved with a microbenchmark which was designed to
   load this particular operation.

 - "Track node vacancy to reduce worst case allocation counts" from
   Sidhartha Kumar makes the maple tree smarter about its node
   preallocation.

   stress-ng mmap performance increased by single-digit percentages and
   the amount of unnecessarily preallocated memory was dramaticelly
   reduced.

 - "mm/gup: Minor fix, cleanup and improvements" from Baoquan He removes
   a few unnecessary things which Baoquan noted when reading the code.

 - ""Enhance sysfs handling for memory hotplug in weighted interleave"
   from Rakie Kim "enhances the weighted interleave policy in the memory
   management subsystem by improving sysfs handling, fixing memory
   leaks, and introducing dynamic sysfs updates for memory hotplug
   support". Fixes things on error paths which we are unlikely to hit.

 - "mm/damon: auto-tune DAMOS for NUMA setups including tiered memory"
   from SeongJae Park introduces new DAMOS quota goal metrics which
   eliminate the manual tuning which is required when utilizing DAMON
   for memory tiering.

 - "mm/vmalloc.c: code cleanup and improvements" from Baoquan He
   provides cleanups and small efficiency improvements which Baoquan
   found via code inspection.

 - "vmscan: enforce mems_effective during demotion" from Gregory Price
   changes reclaim to respect cpuset.mems_effective during demotion when
   possible. because presently, reclaim explicitly ignores
   cpuset.mems_effective when demoting, which may cause the cpuset
   settings to violated.

   This is useful for isolating workloads on a multi-tenant system from
   certain classes of memory more consistently.

 - "Clean up split_huge_pmd_locked() and remove unnecessary folio
   pointers" from Gavin Guo provides minor cleanups and efficiency gains
   in in the huge page splitting and migrating code.

 - "Use kmem_cache for memcg alloc" from Huan Yang creates a slab cache
   for `struct mem_cgroup', yielding improved memory utilization.

 - "add max arg to swappiness in memory.reclaim and lru_gen" from
   Zhongkun He adds a new "max" argument to the "swappiness=" argument
   for memory.reclaim MGLRU's lru_gen.

   This directs proactive reclaim to reclaim from only anon folios
   rather than file-backed folios.

 - "kexec: introduce Kexec HandOver (KHO)" from Mike Rapoport is the
   first step on the path to permitting the kernel to maintain existing
   VMs while replacing the host kernel via file-based kexec. At this
   time only memblock's reserve_mem is preserved.

 - "mm: Introduce for_each_valid_pfn()" from David Woodhouse provides
   and uses a smarter way of looping over a pfn range. By skipping
   ranges of invalid pfns.

 - "sched/numa: Skip VMA scanning on memory pinned to one NUMA node via
   cpuset.mems" from Libo Chen removes a lot of pointless VMA scanning
   when a task is pinned a single NUMA mode.

   Dramatic performance benefits were seen in some real world cases.

 - "JFS: Implement migrate_folio for jfs_metapage_aops" from Shivank
   Garg addresses a warning which occurs during memory compaction when
   using JFS.

 - "move all VMA allocation, freeing and duplication logic to mm" from
   Lorenzo Stoakes moves some VMA code from kernel/fork.c into the more
   appropriate mm/vma.c.

 - "mm, swap: clean up swap cache mapping helper" from Kairui Song
   provides code consolidation and cleanups related to the folio_index()
   function.

 - "mm/gup: Cleanup memfd_pin_folios()" from Vishal Moola does that.

 - "memcg: Fix test_memcg_min/low test failures" from Waiman Long
   addresses some bogus failures which are being reported by the
   test_memcontrol selftest.

 - "eliminate mmap() retry merge, add .mmap_prepare hook" from Lorenzo
   Stoakes commences the deprecation of file_operations.mmap() in favor
   of the new file_operations.mmap_prepare().

   The latter is more restrictive and prevents drivers from messing with
   things in ways which, amongst other problems, may defeat VMA merging.

 - "memcg: decouple memcg and objcg stocks"" from Shakeel Butt decouples
   the per-cpu memcg charge cache from the objcg's one.

   This is a step along the way to making memcg and objcg charging
   NMI-safe, which is a BPF requirement.

 - "mm/damon: minor fixups and improvements for code, tests, and
   documents" from SeongJae Park is yet another batch of miscellaneous
   DAMON changes. Fix and improve minor problems in code, tests and
   documents.

 - "memcg: make memcg stats irq safe" from Shakeel Butt converts memcg
   stats to be irq safe. Another step along the way to making memcg
   charging and stats updates NMI-safe, a BPF requirement.

 - "Let unmap_hugepage_range() and several related functions take folio
   instead of page" from Fan Ni provides folio conversions in the
   hugetlb code.

* tag 'mm-stable-2025-05-31-14-50' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (285 commits)
  mm: pcp: increase pcp->free_count threshold to trigger free_high
  mm/hugetlb: convert use of struct page to folio in __unmap_hugepage_range()
  mm/hugetlb: refactor __unmap_hugepage_range() to take folio instead of page
  mm/hugetlb: refactor unmap_hugepage_range() to take folio instead of page
  mm/hugetlb: pass folio instead of page to unmap_ref_private()
  memcg: objcg stock trylock without irq disabling
  memcg: no stock lock for cpu hot-unplug
  memcg: make __mod_memcg_lruvec_state re-entrant safe against irqs
  memcg: make count_memcg_events re-entrant safe against irqs
  memcg: make mod_memcg_state re-entrant safe against irqs
  memcg: move preempt disable to callers of memcg_rstat_updated
  memcg: memcg_rstat_updated re-entrant safe against irqs
  mm: khugepaged: decouple SHMEM and file folios' collapse
  selftests/eventfd: correct test name and improve messages
  alloc_tag: check mem_profiling_support in alloc_tag_init
  Docs/damon: update titles and brief introductions to explain DAMOS
  selftests/damon/_damon_sysfs: read tried regions directories in order
  mm/damon/tests/core-kunit: add a test for damos_set_filters_default_reject()
  mm/damon/paddr: remove unused variable, folio_list, in damon_pa_stat()
  mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: fix wrong comment on damons_sysfs_quota_goal_metric_strs
  ...

1 files changed, 471 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/rust/kernel/mm/virt.rs b/rust/kernel/mm/virt.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..31803674aecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/kernel/mm/virt.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Google LLC.
+
+//! Virtual memory.
+//!
+//! This module deals with managing a single VMA in the address space of a userspace process. Each
+//! VMA corresponds to a region of memory that the userspace process can access, and the VMA lets
+//! you control what happens when userspace reads or writes to that region of memory.
+//!
+//! The module has several different Rust types that all correspond to the C type called
+//! `vm_area_struct`. The different structs represent what kind of access you have to the VMA, e.g.
+//! [`VmaRef`] is used when you hold the mmap or vma read lock. Using the appropriate struct
+//! ensures that you can't, for example, accidentally call a function that requires holding the
+//! write lock when you only hold the read lock.
+
+use crate::{
+    bindings,
+    error::{code::EINVAL, to_result, Result},
+    mm::MmWithUser,
+    page::Page,
+    types::Opaque,
+};
+
+use core::ops::Deref;
+
+/// A wrapper for the kernel's `struct vm_area_struct` with read access.
+///
+/// It represents an area of virtual memory.
+///
+/// # Invariants
+///
+/// The caller must hold the mmap read lock or the vma read lock.
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct VmaRef {
+    vma: Opaque<bindings::vm_area_struct>,
+}
+
+// Methods you can call when holding the mmap or vma read lock (or stronger). They must be usable
+// no matter what the vma flags are.
+impl VmaRef {
+    /// Access a virtual memory area given a raw pointer.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// Callers must ensure that `vma` is valid for the duration of 'a, and that the mmap or vma
+    /// read lock (or stronger) is held for at least the duration of 'a.
+    #[inline]
+    pub unsafe fn from_raw<'a>(vma: *const bindings::vm_area_struct) -> &'a Self {
+        // SAFETY: The caller ensures that the invariants are satisfied for the duration of 'a.
+        unsafe { &*vma.cast() }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a raw pointer to this area.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *mut bindings::vm_area_struct {
+        self.vma.get()
+    }
+
+    /// Access the underlying `mm_struct`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn mm(&self) -> &MmWithUser {
+        // SAFETY: By the type invariants, this `vm_area_struct` is valid and we hold the mmap/vma
+        // read lock or stronger. This implies that the underlying mm has a non-zero value of
+        // `mm_users`.
+        unsafe { MmWithUser::from_raw((*self.as_ptr()).vm_mm) }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the flags associated with the virtual memory area.
+    ///
+    /// The possible flags are a combination of the constants in [`flags`].
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn flags(&self) -> vm_flags_t {
+        // SAFETY: By the type invariants, the caller holds at least the mmap read lock, so this
+        // access is not a data race.
+        unsafe { (*self.as_ptr()).__bindgen_anon_2.vm_flags }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the (inclusive) start address of the virtual memory area.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn start(&self) -> usize {
+        // SAFETY: By the type invariants, the caller holds at least the mmap read lock, so this
+        // access is not a data race.
+        unsafe { (*self.as_ptr()).__bindgen_anon_1.__bindgen_anon_1.vm_start }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the (exclusive) end address of the virtual memory area.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn end(&self) -> usize {
+        // SAFETY: By the type invariants, the caller holds at least the mmap read lock, so this
+        // access is not a data race.
+        unsafe { (*self.as_ptr()).__bindgen_anon_1.__bindgen_anon_1.vm_end }
+    }
+
+    /// Zap pages in the given page range.
+    ///
+    /// This clears page table mappings for the range at the leaf level, leaving all other page
+    /// tables intact, and freeing any memory referenced by the VMA in this range. That is,
+    /// anonymous memory is completely freed, file-backed memory has its reference count on page
+    /// cache folio's dropped, any dirty data will still be written back to disk as usual.
+    ///
+    /// It may seem odd that we clear at the leaf level, this is however a product of the page
+    /// table structure used to map physical memory into a virtual address space - each virtual
+    /// address actually consists of a bitmap of array indices into page tables, which form a
+    /// hierarchical page table level structure.
+    ///
+    /// As a result, each page table level maps a multiple of page table levels below, and thus
+    /// span ever increasing ranges of pages. At the leaf or PTE level, we map the actual physical
+    /// memory.
+    ///
+    /// It is here where a zap operates, as it the only place we can be certain of clearing without
+    /// impacting any other virtual mappings. It is an implementation detail as to whether the
+    /// kernel goes further in freeing unused page tables, but for the purposes of this operation
+    /// we must only assume that the leaf level is cleared.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn zap_page_range_single(&self, address: usize, size: usize) {
+        let (end, did_overflow) = address.overflowing_add(size);
+        if did_overflow || address < self.start() || self.end() < end {
+            // TODO: call WARN_ONCE once Rust version of it is added
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // SAFETY: By the type invariants, the caller has read access to this VMA, which is
+        // sufficient for this method call. This method has no requirements on the vma flags. The
+        // address range is checked to be within the vma.
+        unsafe {
+            bindings::zap_page_range_single(self.as_ptr(), address, size, core::ptr::null_mut())
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// If the [`VM_MIXEDMAP`] flag is set, returns a [`VmaMixedMap`] to this VMA, otherwise
+    /// returns `None`.
+    ///
+    /// This can be used to access methods that require [`VM_MIXEDMAP`] to be set.
+    ///
+    /// [`VM_MIXEDMAP`]: flags::MIXEDMAP
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_mixedmap_vma(&self) -> Option<&VmaMixedMap> {
+        if self.flags() & flags::MIXEDMAP != 0 {
+            // SAFETY: We just checked that `VM_MIXEDMAP` is set. All other requirements are
+            // satisfied by the type invariants of `VmaRef`.
+            Some(unsafe { VmaMixedMap::from_raw(self.as_ptr()) })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A wrapper for the kernel's `struct vm_area_struct` with read access and [`VM_MIXEDMAP`] set.
+///
+/// It represents an area of virtual memory.
+///
+/// This struct is identical to [`VmaRef`] except that it must only be used when the
+/// [`VM_MIXEDMAP`] flag is set on the vma.
+///
+/// # Invariants
+///
+/// The caller must hold the mmap read lock or the vma read lock. The `VM_MIXEDMAP` flag must be
+/// set.
+///
+/// [`VM_MIXEDMAP`]: flags::MIXEDMAP
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct VmaMixedMap {
+    vma: VmaRef,
+}
+
+// Make all `VmaRef` methods available on `VmaMixedMap`.
+impl Deref for VmaMixedMap {
+    type Target = VmaRef;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &VmaRef {
+        &self.vma
+    }
+}
+
+impl VmaMixedMap {
+    /// Access a virtual memory area given a raw pointer.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// Callers must ensure that `vma` is valid for the duration of 'a, and that the mmap read lock
+    /// (or stronger) is held for at least the duration of 'a. The `VM_MIXEDMAP` flag must be set.
+    #[inline]
+    pub unsafe fn from_raw<'a>(vma: *const bindings::vm_area_struct) -> &'a Self {
+        // SAFETY: The caller ensures that the invariants are satisfied for the duration of 'a.
+        unsafe { &*vma.cast() }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps a single page at the given address within the virtual memory area.
+    ///
+    /// This operation does not take ownership of the page.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn vm_insert_page(&self, address: usize, page: &Page) -> Result {
+        // SAFETY: By the type invariant of `Self` caller has read access and has verified that
+        // `VM_MIXEDMAP` is set. By invariant on `Page` the page has order 0.
+        to_result(unsafe { bindings::vm_insert_page(self.as_ptr(), address, page.as_ptr()) })
+    }
+}
+
+/// A configuration object for setting up a VMA in an `f_ops->mmap()` hook.
+///
+/// The `f_ops->mmap()` hook is called when a new VMA is being created, and the hook is able to
+/// configure the VMA in various ways to fit the driver that owns it. Using `VmaNew` indicates that
+/// you are allowed to perform operations on the VMA that can only be performed before the VMA is
+/// fully initialized.
+///
+/// # Invariants
+///
+/// For the duration of 'a, the referenced vma must be undergoing initialization in an
+/// `f_ops->mmap()` hook.
+pub struct VmaNew {
+    vma: VmaRef,
+}
+
+// Make all `VmaRef` methods available on `VmaNew`.
+impl Deref for VmaNew {
+    type Target = VmaRef;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &VmaRef {
+        &self.vma
+    }
+}
+
+impl VmaNew {
+    /// Access a virtual memory area given a raw pointer.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// Callers must ensure that `vma` is undergoing initial vma setup for the duration of 'a.
+    #[inline]
+    pub unsafe fn from_raw<'a>(vma: *mut bindings::vm_area_struct) -> &'a Self {
+        // SAFETY: The caller ensures that the invariants are satisfied for the duration of 'a.
+        unsafe { &*vma.cast() }
+    }
+
+    /// Internal method for updating the vma flags.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// This must not be used to set the flags to an invalid value.
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn update_flags(&self, set: vm_flags_t, unset: vm_flags_t) {
+        let mut flags = self.flags();
+        flags |= set;
+        flags &= !unset;
+
+        // SAFETY: This is not a data race: the vma is undergoing initial setup, so it's not yet
+        // shared. Additionally, `VmaNew` is `!Sync`, so it cannot be used to write in parallel.
+        // The caller promises that this does not set the flags to an invalid value.
+        unsafe { (*self.as_ptr()).__bindgen_anon_2.__vm_flags = flags };
+    }
+
+    /// Set the `VM_MIXEDMAP` flag on this vma.
+    ///
+    /// This enables the vma to contain both `struct page` and pure PFN pages. Returns a reference
+    /// that can be used to call `vm_insert_page` on the vma.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_mixedmap(&self) -> &VmaMixedMap {
+        // SAFETY: We don't yet provide a way to set VM_PFNMAP, so this cannot put the flags in an
+        // invalid state.
+        unsafe { self.update_flags(flags::MIXEDMAP, 0) };
+
+        // SAFETY: We just set `VM_MIXEDMAP` on the vma.
+        unsafe { VmaMixedMap::from_raw(self.vma.as_ptr()) }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the `VM_IO` flag on this vma.
+    ///
+    /// This is used for memory mapped IO and similar. The flag tells other parts of the kernel to
+    /// avoid looking at the pages. For memory mapped IO this is useful as accesses to the pages
+    /// could have side effects.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_io(&self) {
+        // SAFETY: Setting the VM_IO flag is always okay.
+        unsafe { self.update_flags(flags::IO, 0) };
+    }
+
+    /// Set the `VM_DONTEXPAND` flag on this vma.
+    ///
+    /// This prevents the vma from being expanded with `mremap()`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_dontexpand(&self) {
+        // SAFETY: Setting the VM_DONTEXPAND flag is always okay.
+        unsafe { self.update_flags(flags::DONTEXPAND, 0) };
+    }
+
+    /// Set the `VM_DONTCOPY` flag on this vma.
+    ///
+    /// This prevents the vma from being copied on fork. This option is only permanent if `VM_IO`
+    /// is set.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_dontcopy(&self) {
+        // SAFETY: Setting the VM_DONTCOPY flag is always okay.
+        unsafe { self.update_flags(flags::DONTCOPY, 0) };
+    }
+
+    /// Set the `VM_DONTDUMP` flag on this vma.
+    ///
+    /// This prevents the vma from being included in core dumps. This option is only permanent if
+    /// `VM_IO` is set.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_dontdump(&self) {
+        // SAFETY: Setting the VM_DONTDUMP flag is always okay.
+        unsafe { self.update_flags(flags::DONTDUMP, 0) };
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether `VM_READ` is set.
+    ///
+    /// This flag indicates whether userspace is mapping this vma as readable.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn readable(&self) -> bool {
+        (self.flags() & flags::READ) != 0
+    }
+
+    /// Try to clear the `VM_MAYREAD` flag, failing if `VM_READ` is set.
+    ///
+    /// This flag indicates whether userspace is allowed to make this vma readable with
+    /// `mprotect()`.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this operation is irreversible. Once `VM_MAYREAD` has been cleared, it can never
+    /// be set again.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_clear_mayread(&self) -> Result {
+        if self.readable() {
+            return Err(EINVAL);
+        }
+        // SAFETY: Clearing `VM_MAYREAD` is okay when `VM_READ` is not set.
+        unsafe { self.update_flags(0, flags::MAYREAD) };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether `VM_WRITE` is set.
+    ///
+    /// This flag indicates whether userspace is mapping this vma as writable.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn writable(&self) -> bool {
+        (self.flags() & flags::WRITE) != 0
+    }
+
+    /// Try to clear the `VM_MAYWRITE` flag, failing if `VM_WRITE` is set.
+    ///
+    /// This flag indicates whether userspace is allowed to make this vma writable with
+    /// `mprotect()`.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this operation is irreversible. Once `VM_MAYWRITE` has been cleared, it can never
+    /// be set again.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_clear_maywrite(&self) -> Result {
+        if self.writable() {
+            return Err(EINVAL);
+        }
+        // SAFETY: Clearing `VM_MAYWRITE` is okay when `VM_WRITE` is not set.
+        unsafe { self.update_flags(0, flags::MAYWRITE) };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether `VM_EXEC` is set.
+    ///
+    /// This flag indicates whether userspace is mapping this vma as executable.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn executable(&self) -> bool {
+        (self.flags() & flags::EXEC) != 0
+    }
+
+    /// Try to clear the `VM_MAYEXEC` flag, failing if `VM_EXEC` is set.
+    ///
+    /// This flag indicates whether userspace is allowed to make this vma executable with
+    /// `mprotect()`.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this operation is irreversible. Once `VM_MAYEXEC` has been cleared, it can never
+    /// be set again.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_clear_mayexec(&self) -> Result {
+        if self.executable() {
+            return Err(EINVAL);
+        }
+        // SAFETY: Clearing `VM_MAYEXEC` is okay when `VM_EXEC` is not set.
+        unsafe { self.update_flags(0, flags::MAYEXEC) };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// The integer type used for vma flags.
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use bindings::vm_flags_t;
+
+/// All possible flags for [`VmaRef`].
+pub mod flags {
+    use super::vm_flags_t;
+    use crate::bindings;
+
+    /// No flags are set.
+    pub const NONE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_NONE as _;
+
+    /// Mapping allows reads.
+    pub const READ: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_READ as _;
+
+    /// Mapping allows writes.
+    pub const WRITE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_WRITE as _;
+
+    /// Mapping allows execution.
+    pub const EXEC: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_EXEC as _;
+
+    /// Mapping is shared.
+    pub const SHARED: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_SHARED as _;
+
+    /// Mapping may be updated to allow reads.
+    pub const MAYREAD: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYREAD as _;
+
+    /// Mapping may be updated to allow writes.
+    pub const MAYWRITE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYWRITE as _;
+
+    /// Mapping may be updated to allow execution.
+    pub const MAYEXEC: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYEXEC as _;
+
+    /// Mapping may be updated to be shared.
+    pub const MAYSHARE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MAYSHARE as _;
+
+    /// Page-ranges managed without `struct page`, just pure PFN.
+    pub const PFNMAP: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_PFNMAP as _;
+
+    /// Memory mapped I/O or similar.
+    pub const IO: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_IO as _;
+
+    /// Do not copy this vma on fork.
+    pub const DONTCOPY: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_DONTCOPY as _;
+
+    /// Cannot expand with mremap().
+    pub const DONTEXPAND: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_DONTEXPAND as _;
+
+    /// Lock the pages covered when they are faulted in.
+    pub const LOCKONFAULT: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_LOCKONFAULT as _;
+
+    /// Is a VM accounted object.
+    pub const ACCOUNT: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_ACCOUNT as _;
+
+    /// Should the VM suppress accounting.
+    pub const NORESERVE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_NORESERVE as _;
+
+    /// Huge TLB Page VM.
+    pub const HUGETLB: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_HUGETLB as _;
+
+    /// Synchronous page faults. (DAX-specific)
+    pub const SYNC: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_SYNC as _;
+
+    /// Architecture-specific flag.
+    pub const ARCH_1: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_ARCH_1 as _;
+
+    /// Wipe VMA contents in child on fork.
+    pub const WIPEONFORK: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_WIPEONFORK as _;
+
+    /// Do not include in the core dump.
+    pub const DONTDUMP: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_DONTDUMP as _;
+
+    /// Not soft dirty clean area.
+    pub const SOFTDIRTY: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_SOFTDIRTY as _;
+
+    /// Can contain `struct page` and pure PFN pages.
+    pub const MIXEDMAP: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MIXEDMAP as _;
+
+    /// MADV_HUGEPAGE marked this vma.
+    pub const HUGEPAGE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_HUGEPAGE as _;
+
+    /// MADV_NOHUGEPAGE marked this vma.
+    pub const NOHUGEPAGE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_NOHUGEPAGE as _;
+
+    /// KSM may merge identical pages.
+    pub const MERGEABLE: vm_flags_t = bindings::VM_MERGEABLE as _;
+}