Rewrite of propagate_umount()

The variant currently in the tree has problems; trying to prove
correctness has caught at least one class of bugs (reparenting
that ends up moving the visible location of reparented mount, due
to not excluding some of the counterparts on propagation that
should've been included).

I tried to prove that it's the only bug there; I'm still not sure
whether it is.  If anyone can reconstruct and write down an analysis
of the mainline implementation, I'll gladly review it; as it is,
I ended up doing a different implementation.  Candidate collection
phase is similar, but trimming the set down until it satisfies the
constraints turned out pretty different.

I hoped to do transformation as a massage series, but that turns out
to be too convoluted.  So it's a single patch replacing propagate_umount()
and friends in one go, with notes and analysis in D/f/propagate_umount.txt
(in addition to inline comments).

As far I can tell, it is provably correct and provably linear by the number
of mounts we need to look at in order to decide what should be unmounted.
It even builds and seems to survive testing...

Another nice thing that fell out of that is that ->mnt_umounting is no longer
needed.

Compared to the first version:
	* explicit MNT_UMOUNT_CANDIDATE flag for is_candidate()
	* trim_ancestors() only clears that flag, leaving the suckers on list
	* trim_one() and handle_locked() take the stuff with flag cleared off
the list.  That allows to iterate with list_for_each_entry_safe() when calling
trim_one() - it removes at most one element from the list now.
	* no globals - I didn't bother with any kind of context, not worth it.

	* Notes updated accordingly; I have not touch the terms yet.

Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

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