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authorOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>2020-05-19 19:25:06 +0200
committerPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>2020-06-15 14:10:00 +0200
commit3dc167ba5729ddd2d8e3fa1841653792c295d3f1 (patch)
treed3348dfe2edc313740bfd0b348d91d36726f9cc1
parentb3a9e3b9622ae10064826dccb4f7a52bd88c7407 (diff)
sched/cputime: Improve cputime_adjust()
People report that utime and stime from /proc/<pid>/stat become very wrong when the numbers are big enough, especially if you watch these counters incrementally. Specifically, the current implementation of: stime*rtime/total, results in a saw-tooth function on top of the desired line, where the teeth grow in size the larger the values become. IOW, it has a relative error. The result is that, when watching incrementally as time progresses (for large values), we'll see periods of pure stime or utime increase, irrespective of the actual ratio we're striving for. Replace scale_stime() with a math64.h helper: mul_u64_u64_div_u64() that is far more accurate. This also allows architectures to override the implementation -- for instance they can opt for the old algorithm if this new one turns out to be too expensive for them. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200519172506.GA317395@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/include/asm/div64.h14
-rw-r--r--include/linux/math64.h2
-rw-r--r--kernel/sched/cputime.c46
-rw-r--r--lib/math/div64.c41
4 files changed, 56 insertions, 47 deletions
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/div64.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/div64.h
index 9b8cb50768c2..b8f1dc0761e4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/div64.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/div64.h
@@ -74,16 +74,26 @@ static inline u64 mul_u32_u32(u32 a, u32 b)
#else
# include <asm-generic/div64.h>
-static inline u64 mul_u64_u32_div(u64 a, u32 mul, u32 div)
+/*
+ * Will generate an #DE when the result doesn't fit u64, could fix with an
+ * __ex_table[] entry when it becomes an issue.
+ */
+static inline u64 mul_u64_u64_div_u64(u64 a, u64 mul, u64 div)
{
u64 q;
asm ("mulq %2; divq %3" : "=a" (q)
- : "a" (a), "rm" ((u64)mul), "rm" ((u64)div)
+ : "a" (a), "rm" (mul), "rm" (div)
: "rdx");
return q;
}
+#define mul_u64_u64_div_u64 mul_u64_u64_div_u64
+
+static inline u64 mul_u64_u32_div(u64 a, u32 mul, u32 div)
+{
+ return mul_u64_u64_div_u64(a, mul, div);
+}
#define mul_u64_u32_div mul_u64_u32_div
#endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
diff --git a/include/linux/math64.h b/include/linux/math64.h
index 11a267413e8e..d097119419e6 100644
--- a/include/linux/math64.h
+++ b/include/linux/math64.h
@@ -263,6 +263,8 @@ static inline u64 mul_u64_u32_div(u64 a, u32 mul, u32 divisor)
}
#endif /* mul_u64_u32_div */
+u64 mul_u64_u64_div_u64(u64 a, u64 mul, u64 div);
+
#define DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(ll, d) \
({ u64 _tmp = (d); div64_u64((ll) + _tmp - 1, _tmp); })
diff --git a/kernel/sched/cputime.c b/kernel/sched/cputime.c
index ff9435dee1df..5a55d2300452 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/cputime.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/cputime.c
@@ -520,50 +520,6 @@ void account_idle_ticks(unsigned long ticks)
}
/*
- * Perform (stime * rtime) / total, but avoid multiplication overflow by
- * losing precision when the numbers are big.
- */
-static u64 scale_stime(u64 stime, u64 rtime, u64 total)
-{
- u64 scaled;
-
- for (;;) {
- /* Make sure "rtime" is the bigger of stime/rtime */
- if (stime > rtime)
- swap(rtime, stime);
-
- /* Make sure 'total' fits in 32 bits */
- if (total >> 32)
- goto drop_precision;
-
- /* Does rtime (and thus stime) fit in 32 bits? */
- if (!(rtime >> 32))
- break;
-
- /* Can we just balance rtime/stime rather than dropping bits? */
- if (stime >> 31)
- goto drop_precision;
-
- /* We can grow stime and shrink rtime and try to make them both fit */
- stime <<= 1;
- rtime >>= 1;
- continue;
-
-drop_precision:
- /* We drop from rtime, it has more bits than stime */
- rtime >>= 1;
- total >>= 1;
- }
-
- /*
- * Make sure gcc understands that this is a 32x32->64 multiply,
- * followed by a 64/32->64 divide.
- */
- scaled = div_u64((u64) (u32) stime * (u64) (u32) rtime, (u32)total);
- return scaled;
-}
-
-/*
* Adjust tick based cputime random precision against scheduler runtime
* accounting.
*
@@ -622,7 +578,7 @@ void cputime_adjust(struct task_cputime *curr, struct prev_cputime *prev,
goto update;
}
- stime = scale_stime(stime, rtime, stime + utime);
+ stime = mul_u64_u64_div_u64(stime, rtime, stime + utime);
update:
/*
diff --git a/lib/math/div64.c b/lib/math/div64.c
index 368ca7fd0d82..3952a07130d8 100644
--- a/lib/math/div64.c
+++ b/lib/math/div64.c
@@ -190,3 +190,44 @@ u32 iter_div_u64_rem(u64 dividend, u32 divisor, u64 *remainder)
return __iter_div_u64_rem(dividend, divisor, remainder);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(iter_div_u64_rem);
+
+#ifndef mul_u64_u64_div_u64
+u64 mul_u64_u64_div_u64(u64 a, u64 b, u64 c)
+{
+ u64 res = 0, div, rem;
+ int shift;
+
+ /* can a * b overflow ? */
+ if (ilog2(a) + ilog2(b) > 62) {
+ /*
+ * (b * a) / c is equal to
+ *
+ * (b / c) * a +
+ * (b % c) * a / c
+ *
+ * if nothing overflows. Can the 1st multiplication
+ * overflow? Yes, but we do not care: this can only
+ * happen if the end result can't fit in u64 anyway.
+ *
+ * So the code below does
+ *
+ * res = (b / c) * a;
+ * b = b % c;
+ */
+ div = div64_u64_rem(b, c, &rem);
+ res = div * a;
+ b = rem;
+
+ shift = ilog2(a) + ilog2(b) - 62;
+ if (shift > 0) {
+ /* drop precision */
+ b >>= shift;
+ c >>= shift;
+ if (!c)
+ return res;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return res + div64_u64(a * b, c);
+}
+#endif