dm zoned: drive-managed zoned block device target

The dm-zoned device mapper target provides transparent write access
to zoned block devices (ZBC and ZAC compliant block devices).
dm-zoned hides to the device user (a file system or an application
doing raw block device accesses) any constraint imposed on write
requests by the device, equivalent to a drive-managed zoned block
device model.

Write requests are processed using a combination of on-disk buffering
using the device conventional zones and direct in-place processing for
requests aligned to a zone sequential write pointer position.
A background reclaim process implemented using dm_kcopyd_copy ensures
that conventional zones are always available for executing unaligned
write requests. The reclaim process overhead is minimized by managing
buffer zones in a least-recently-written order and first targeting the
oldest buffer zones. Doing so, blocks under regular write access (such
as metadata blocks of a file system) remain stored in conventional
zones, resulting in no apparent overhead.

dm-zoned implementation focus on simplicity and on minimizing overhead
(CPU, memory and storage overhead). For a 14TB host-managed disk with
256 MB zones, dm-zoned memory usage per disk instance is at most about
3 MB and as little as 5 zones will be used internally for storing metadata
and performing buffer zone reclaim operations. This is achieved using
zone level indirection rather than a full block indirection system for
managing block movement between zones.

dm-zoned primary target is host-managed zoned block devices but it can
also be used with host-aware device models to mitigate potential
device-side performance degradation due to excessive random writing.

Zoned block devices can be formatted and checked for use with the dm-zoned
target using the dmzadm utility available at:

https://github.com/hgst/dm-zoned-tools

Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@sandisk.com>
[Mike Snitzer partly refactored Damien's original work to cleanup the code]
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>

1 files changed, 2509 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-zoned-metadata.c b/drivers/md/dm-zoned-metadata.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4618441cc412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-zoned-metadata.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2509 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ */
+
+#include "dm-zoned.h"
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/crc32.h>
+
+#define	DM_MSG_PREFIX		"zoned metadata"
+
+/*
+ * Metadata version.
+ */
+#define DMZ_META_VER	1
+
+/*
+ * On-disk super block magic.
+ */
+#define DMZ_MAGIC	((((unsigned int)('D')) << 24) | \
+			 (((unsigned int)('Z')) << 16) | \
+			 (((unsigned int)('B')) <<  8) | \
+			 ((unsigned int)('D')))
+
+/*
+ * On disk super block.
+ * This uses only 512 B but uses on disk a full 4KB block. This block is
+ * followed on disk by the mapping table of chunks to zones and the bitmap
+ * blocks indicating zone block validity.
+ * The overall resulting metadata format is:
+ *    (1) Super block (1 block)
+ *    (2) Chunk mapping table (nr_map_blocks)
+ *    (3) Bitmap blocks (nr_bitmap_blocks)
+ * All metadata blocks are stored in conventional zones, starting from the
+ * the first conventional zone found on disk.
+ */
+struct dmz_super {
+	/* Magic number */
+	__le32		magic;			/*   4 */
+
+	/* Metadata version number */
+	__le32		version;		/*   8 */
+
+	/* Generation number */
+	__le64		gen;			/*  16 */
+
+	/* This block number */
+	__le64		sb_block;		/*  24 */
+
+	/* The number of metadata blocks, including this super block */
+	__le32		nr_meta_blocks;		/*  28 */
+
+	/* The number of sequential zones reserved for reclaim */
+	__le32		nr_reserved_seq;	/*  32 */
+
+	/* The number of entries in the mapping table */
+	__le32		nr_chunks;		/*  36 */
+
+	/* The number of blocks used for the chunk mapping table */
+	__le32		nr_map_blocks;		/*  40 */
+
+	/* The number of blocks used for the block bitmaps */
+	__le32		nr_bitmap_blocks;	/*  44 */
+
+	/* Checksum */
+	__le32		crc;			/*  48 */
+
+	/* Padding to full 512B sector */
+	u8		reserved[464];		/* 512 */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Chunk mapping entry: entries are indexed by chunk number
+ * and give the zone ID (dzone_id) mapping the chunk on disk.
+ * This zone may be sequential or random. If it is a sequential
+ * zone, a second zone (bzone_id) used as a write buffer may
+ * also be specified. This second zone will always be a randomly
+ * writeable zone.
+ */
+struct dmz_map {
+	__le32			dzone_id;
+	__le32			bzone_id;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Chunk mapping table metadata: 512 8-bytes entries per 4KB block.
+ */
+#define DMZ_MAP_ENTRIES		(DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE / sizeof(struct dmz_map))
+#define DMZ_MAP_ENTRIES_SHIFT	(ilog2(DMZ_MAP_ENTRIES))
+#define DMZ_MAP_ENTRIES_MASK	(DMZ_MAP_ENTRIES - 1)
+#define DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED	UINT_MAX
+
+/*
+ * Meta data block descriptor (for cached metadata blocks).
+ */
+struct dmz_mblock {
+	struct rb_node		node;
+	struct list_head	link;
+	sector_t		no;
+	atomic_t		ref;
+	unsigned long		state;
+	struct page		*page;
+	void			*data;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Metadata block state flags.
+ */
+enum {
+	DMZ_META_DIRTY,
+	DMZ_META_READING,
+	DMZ_META_WRITING,
+	DMZ_META_ERROR,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Super block information (one per metadata set).
+ */
+struct dmz_sb {
+	sector_t		block;
+	struct dmz_mblock	*mblk;
+	struct dmz_super	*sb;
+};
+
+/*
+ * In-memory metadata.
+ */
+struct dmz_metadata {
+	struct dmz_dev		*dev;
+
+	sector_t		zone_bitmap_size;
+	unsigned int		zone_nr_bitmap_blocks;
+
+	unsigned int		nr_bitmap_blocks;
+	unsigned int		nr_map_blocks;
+
+	unsigned int		nr_useable_zones;
+	unsigned int		nr_meta_blocks;
+	unsigned int		nr_meta_zones;
+	unsigned int		nr_data_zones;
+	unsigned int		nr_rnd_zones;
+	unsigned int		nr_reserved_seq;
+	unsigned int		nr_chunks;
+
+	/* Zone information array */
+	struct dm_zone		*zones;
+
+	struct dm_zone		*sb_zone;
+	struct dmz_sb		sb[2];
+	unsigned int		mblk_primary;
+	u64			sb_gen;
+	unsigned int		min_nr_mblks;
+	unsigned int		max_nr_mblks;
+	atomic_t		nr_mblks;
+	struct rw_semaphore	mblk_sem;
+	struct mutex		mblk_flush_lock;
+	spinlock_t		mblk_lock;
+	struct rb_root		mblk_rbtree;
+	struct list_head	mblk_lru_list;
+	struct list_head	mblk_dirty_list;
+	struct shrinker		mblk_shrinker;
+
+	/* Zone allocation management */
+	struct mutex		map_lock;
+	struct dmz_mblock	**map_mblk;
+	unsigned int		nr_rnd;
+	atomic_t		unmap_nr_rnd;
+	struct list_head	unmap_rnd_list;
+	struct list_head	map_rnd_list;
+
+	unsigned int		nr_seq;
+	atomic_t		unmap_nr_seq;
+	struct list_head	unmap_seq_list;
+	struct list_head	map_seq_list;
+
+	atomic_t		nr_reserved_seq_zones;
+	struct list_head	reserved_seq_zones_list;
+
+	wait_queue_head_t	free_wq;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Various accessors
+ */
+unsigned int dmz_id(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	return ((unsigned int)(zone - zmd->zones));
+}
+
+sector_t dmz_start_sect(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	return dmz_id(zmd, zone) << zmd->dev->zone_nr_sectors_shift;
+}
+
+sector_t dmz_start_block(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	return dmz_id(zmd, zone) << zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks_shift;
+}
+
+unsigned int dmz_nr_chunks(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	return zmd->nr_chunks;
+}
+
+unsigned int dmz_nr_rnd_zones(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	return zmd->nr_rnd;
+}
+
+unsigned int dmz_nr_unmap_rnd_zones(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&zmd->unmap_nr_rnd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lock/unlock mapping table.
+ * The map lock also protects all the zone lists.
+ */
+void dmz_lock_map(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	mutex_lock(&zmd->map_lock);
+}
+
+void dmz_unlock_map(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	mutex_unlock(&zmd->map_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lock/unlock metadata access. This is a "read" lock on a semaphore
+ * that prevents metadata flush from running while metadata are being
+ * modified. The actual metadata write mutual exclusion is achieved with
+ * the map lock and zone styate management (active and reclaim state are
+ * mutually exclusive).
+ */
+void dmz_lock_metadata(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	down_read(&zmd->mblk_sem);
+}
+
+void dmz_unlock_metadata(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	up_read(&zmd->mblk_sem);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lock/unlock flush: prevent concurrent executions
+ * of dmz_flush_metadata as well as metadata modification in reclaim
+ * while flush is being executed.
+ */
+void dmz_lock_flush(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	mutex_lock(&zmd->mblk_flush_lock);
+}
+
+void dmz_unlock_flush(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	mutex_unlock(&zmd->mblk_flush_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a metadata block.
+ */
+static struct dmz_mblock *dmz_alloc_mblock(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+					   sector_t mblk_no)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk = NULL;
+
+	/* See if we can reuse cached blocks */
+	if (zmd->max_nr_mblks && atomic_read(&zmd->nr_mblks) > zmd->max_nr_mblks) {
+		spin_lock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+		mblk = list_first_entry_or_null(&zmd->mblk_lru_list,
+						struct dmz_mblock, link);
+		if (mblk) {
+			list_del_init(&mblk->link);
+			rb_erase(&mblk->node, &zmd->mblk_rbtree);
+			mblk->no = mblk_no;
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+		if (mblk)
+			return mblk;
+	}
+
+	/* Allocate a new block */
+	mblk = kmalloc(sizeof(struct dmz_mblock), GFP_NOIO);
+	if (!mblk)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mblk->page = alloc_page(GFP_NOIO);
+	if (!mblk->page) {
+		kfree(mblk);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&mblk->node);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mblk->link);
+	atomic_set(&mblk->ref, 0);
+	mblk->state = 0;
+	mblk->no = mblk_no;
+	mblk->data = page_address(mblk->page);
+
+	atomic_inc(&zmd->nr_mblks);
+
+	return mblk;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free a metadata block.
+ */
+static void dmz_free_mblock(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dmz_mblock *mblk)
+{
+	__free_pages(mblk->page, 0);
+	kfree(mblk);
+
+	atomic_dec(&zmd->nr_mblks);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Insert a metadata block in the rbtree.
+ */
+static void dmz_insert_mblock(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dmz_mblock *mblk)
+{
+	struct rb_root *root = &zmd->mblk_rbtree;
+	struct rb_node **new = &(root->rb_node), *parent = NULL;
+	struct dmz_mblock *b;
+
+	/* Figure out where to put the new node */
+	while (*new) {
+		b = container_of(*new, struct dmz_mblock, node);
+		parent = *new;
+		new = (b->no < mblk->no) ? &((*new)->rb_left) : &((*new)->rb_right);
+	}
+
+	/* Add new node and rebalance tree */
+	rb_link_node(&mblk->node, parent, new);
+	rb_insert_color(&mblk->node, root);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lookup a metadata block in the rbtree.
+ */
+static struct dmz_mblock *dmz_lookup_mblock(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+					    sector_t mblk_no)
+{
+	struct rb_root *root = &zmd->mblk_rbtree;
+	struct rb_node *node = root->rb_node;
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+
+	while (node) {
+		mblk = container_of(node, struct dmz_mblock, node);
+		if (mblk->no == mblk_no)
+			return mblk;
+		node = (mblk->no < mblk_no) ? node->rb_left : node->rb_right;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Metadata block BIO end callback.
+ */
+static void dmz_mblock_bio_end_io(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk = bio->bi_private;
+	int flag;
+
+	if (bio->bi_status)
+		set_bit(DMZ_META_ERROR, &mblk->state);
+
+	if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE)
+		flag = DMZ_META_WRITING;
+	else
+		flag = DMZ_META_READING;
+
+	clear_bit_unlock(flag, &mblk->state);
+	smp_mb__after_atomic();
+	wake_up_bit(&mblk->state, flag);
+
+	bio_put(bio);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read a metadata block from disk.
+ */
+static struct dmz_mblock *dmz_fetch_mblock(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+					   sector_t mblk_no)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	sector_t block = zmd->sb[zmd->mblk_primary].block + mblk_no;
+	struct bio *bio;
+
+	/* Get block and insert it */
+	mblk = dmz_alloc_mblock(zmd, mblk_no);
+	if (!mblk)
+		return NULL;
+
+	spin_lock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+	atomic_inc(&mblk->ref);
+	set_bit(DMZ_META_READING, &mblk->state);
+	dmz_insert_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+	spin_unlock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+
+	bio = bio_alloc(GFP_NOIO, 1);
+	if (!bio) {
+		dmz_free_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = dmz_blk2sect(block);
+	bio->bi_bdev = zmd->dev->bdev;
+	bio->bi_private = mblk;
+	bio->bi_end_io = dmz_mblock_bio_end_io;
+	bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_READ, REQ_META | REQ_PRIO);
+	bio_add_page(bio, mblk->page, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
+	submit_bio(bio);
+
+	return mblk;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free metadata blocks.
+ */
+static unsigned long dmz_shrink_mblock_cache(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+					     unsigned long limit)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	unsigned long count = 0;
+
+	if (!zmd->max_nr_mblks)
+		return 0;
+
+	while (!list_empty(&zmd->mblk_lru_list) &&
+	       atomic_read(&zmd->nr_mblks) > zmd->min_nr_mblks &&
+	       count < limit) {
+		mblk = list_first_entry(&zmd->mblk_lru_list,
+					struct dmz_mblock, link);
+		list_del_init(&mblk->link);
+		rb_erase(&mblk->node, &zmd->mblk_rbtree);
+		dmz_free_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+		count++;
+	}
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For mblock shrinker: get the number of unused metadata blocks in the cache.
+ */
+static unsigned long dmz_mblock_shrinker_count(struct shrinker *shrink,
+					       struct shrink_control *sc)
+{
+	struct dmz_metadata *zmd = container_of(shrink, struct dmz_metadata, mblk_shrinker);
+
+	return atomic_read(&zmd->nr_mblks);
+}
+
+/*
+ * For mblock shrinker: scan unused metadata blocks and shrink the cache.
+ */
+static unsigned long dmz_mblock_shrinker_scan(struct shrinker *shrink,
+					      struct shrink_control *sc)
+{
+	struct dmz_metadata *zmd = container_of(shrink, struct dmz_metadata, mblk_shrinker);
+	unsigned long count;
+
+	spin_lock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+	count = dmz_shrink_mblock_cache(zmd, sc->nr_to_scan);
+	spin_unlock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+
+	return count ? count : SHRINK_STOP;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Release a metadata block.
+ */
+static void dmz_release_mblock(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+			       struct dmz_mblock *mblk)
+{
+
+	if (!mblk)
+		return;
+
+	spin_lock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&mblk->ref)) {
+		if (test_bit(DMZ_META_ERROR, &mblk->state)) {
+			rb_erase(&mblk->node, &zmd->mblk_rbtree);
+			dmz_free_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+		} else if (!test_bit(DMZ_META_DIRTY, &mblk->state)) {
+			list_add_tail(&mblk->link, &zmd->mblk_lru_list);
+			dmz_shrink_mblock_cache(zmd, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a metadata block from the rbtree. If the block
+ * is not present, read it from disk.
+ */
+static struct dmz_mblock *dmz_get_mblock(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+					 sector_t mblk_no)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+
+	/* Check rbtree */
+	spin_lock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+	mblk = dmz_lookup_mblock(zmd, mblk_no);
+	if (mblk) {
+		/* Cache hit: remove block from LRU list */
+		if (atomic_inc_return(&mblk->ref) == 1 &&
+		    !test_bit(DMZ_META_DIRTY, &mblk->state))
+			list_del_init(&mblk->link);
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+
+	if (!mblk) {
+		/* Cache miss: read the block from disk */
+		mblk = dmz_fetch_mblock(zmd, mblk_no);
+		if (!mblk)
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
+
+	/* Wait for on-going read I/O and check for error */
+	wait_on_bit_io(&mblk->state, DMZ_META_READING,
+		       TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+	if (test_bit(DMZ_META_ERROR, &mblk->state)) {
+		dmz_release_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+		return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+	}
+
+	return mblk;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mark a metadata block dirty.
+ */
+static void dmz_dirty_mblock(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dmz_mblock *mblk)
+{
+	spin_lock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+	if (!test_and_set_bit(DMZ_META_DIRTY, &mblk->state))
+		list_add_tail(&mblk->link, &zmd->mblk_dirty_list);
+	spin_unlock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Issue a metadata block write BIO.
+ */
+static void dmz_write_mblock(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dmz_mblock *mblk,
+			     unsigned int set)
+{
+	sector_t block = zmd->sb[set].block + mblk->no;
+	struct bio *bio;
+
+	bio = bio_alloc(GFP_NOIO, 1);
+	if (!bio) {
+		set_bit(DMZ_META_ERROR, &mblk->state);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	set_bit(DMZ_META_WRITING, &mblk->state);
+
+	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = dmz_blk2sect(block);
+	bio->bi_bdev = zmd->dev->bdev;
+	bio->bi_private = mblk;
+	bio->bi_end_io = dmz_mblock_bio_end_io;
+	bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_WRITE, REQ_META | REQ_PRIO);
+	bio_add_page(bio, mblk->page, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
+	submit_bio(bio);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read/write a metadata block.
+ */
+static int dmz_rdwr_block(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, int op, sector_t block,
+			  struct page *page)
+{
+	struct bio *bio;
+	int ret;
+
+	bio = bio_alloc(GFP_NOIO, 1);
+	if (!bio)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = dmz_blk2sect(block);
+	bio->bi_bdev = zmd->dev->bdev;
+	bio_set_op_attrs(bio, op, REQ_SYNC | REQ_META | REQ_PRIO);
+	bio_add_page(bio, page, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
+	ret = submit_bio_wait(bio);
+	bio_put(bio);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write super block of the specified metadata set.
+ */
+static int dmz_write_sb(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, unsigned int set)
+{
+	sector_t block = zmd->sb[set].block;
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk = zmd->sb[set].mblk;
+	struct dmz_super *sb = zmd->sb[set].sb;
+	u64 sb_gen = zmd->sb_gen + 1;
+	int ret;
+
+	sb->magic = cpu_to_le32(DMZ_MAGIC);
+	sb->version = cpu_to_le32(DMZ_META_VER);
+
+	sb->gen = cpu_to_le64(sb_gen);
+
+	sb->sb_block = cpu_to_le64(block);
+	sb->nr_meta_blocks = cpu_to_le32(zmd->nr_meta_blocks);
+	sb->nr_reserved_seq = cpu_to_le32(zmd->nr_reserved_seq);
+	sb->nr_chunks = cpu_to_le32(zmd->nr_chunks);
+
+	sb->nr_map_blocks = cpu_to_le32(zmd->nr_map_blocks);
+	sb->nr_bitmap_blocks = cpu_to_le32(zmd->nr_bitmap_blocks);
+
+	sb->crc = 0;
+	sb->crc = cpu_to_le32(crc32_le(sb_gen, (unsigned char *)sb, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE));
+
+	ret = dmz_rdwr_block(zmd, REQ_OP_WRITE, block, mblk->page);
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = blkdev_issue_flush(zmd->dev->bdev, GFP_KERNEL, NULL);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write dirty metadata blocks to the specified set.
+ */
+static int dmz_write_dirty_mblocks(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+				   struct list_head *write_list,
+				   unsigned int set)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	/* Issue writes */
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+	list_for_each_entry(mblk, write_list, link)
+		dmz_write_mblock(zmd, mblk, set);
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+
+	/* Wait for completion */
+	list_for_each_entry(mblk, write_list, link) {
+		wait_on_bit_io(&mblk->state, DMZ_META_WRITING,
+			       TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+		if (test_bit(DMZ_META_ERROR, &mblk->state)) {
+			clear_bit(DMZ_META_ERROR, &mblk->state);
+			ret = -EIO;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Flush drive cache (this will also sync data) */
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = blkdev_issue_flush(zmd->dev->bdev, GFP_KERNEL, NULL);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Log dirty metadata blocks.
+ */
+static int dmz_log_dirty_mblocks(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+				 struct list_head *write_list)
+{
+	unsigned int log_set = zmd->mblk_primary ^ 0x1;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Write dirty blocks to the log */
+	ret = dmz_write_dirty_mblocks(zmd, write_list, log_set);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * No error so far: now validate the log by updating the
+	 * log index super block generation.
+	 */
+	ret = dmz_write_sb(zmd, log_set);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Flush dirty metadata blocks.
+ */
+int dmz_flush_metadata(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	struct list_head write_list;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (WARN_ON(!zmd))
+		return 0;
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&write_list);
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure that metadata blocks are stable before logging: take
+	 * the write lock on the metadata semaphore to prevent target BIOs
+	 * from modifying metadata.
+	 */
+	down_write(&zmd->mblk_sem);
+
+	/*
+	 * This is called from the target flush work and reclaim work.
+	 * Concurrent execution is not allowed.
+	 */
+	dmz_lock_flush(zmd);
+
+	/* Get dirty blocks */
+	spin_lock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+	list_splice_init(&zmd->mblk_dirty_list, &write_list);
+	spin_unlock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+
+	/* If there are no dirty metadata blocks, just flush the device cache */
+	if (list_empty(&write_list)) {
+		ret = blkdev_issue_flush(zmd->dev->bdev, GFP_KERNEL, NULL);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The primary metadata set is still clean. Keep it this way until
+	 * all updates are successful in the secondary set. That is, use
+	 * the secondary set as a log.
+	 */
+	ret = dmz_log_dirty_mblocks(zmd, &write_list);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * The log is on disk. It is now safe to update in place
+	 * in the primary metadata set.
+	 */
+	ret = dmz_write_dirty_mblocks(zmd, &write_list, zmd->mblk_primary);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = dmz_write_sb(zmd, zmd->mblk_primary);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	while (!list_empty(&write_list)) {
+		mblk = list_first_entry(&write_list, struct dmz_mblock, link);
+		list_del_init(&mblk->link);
+
+		spin_lock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+		clear_bit(DMZ_META_DIRTY, &mblk->state);
+		if (atomic_read(&mblk->ref) == 0)
+			list_add_tail(&mblk->link, &zmd->mblk_lru_list);
+		spin_unlock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+	}
+
+	zmd->sb_gen++;
+out:
+	if (ret && !list_empty(&write_list)) {
+		spin_lock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+		list_splice(&write_list, &zmd->mblk_dirty_list);
+		spin_unlock(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+	}
+
+	dmz_unlock_flush(zmd);
+	up_write(&zmd->mblk_sem);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check super block.
+ */
+static int dmz_check_sb(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dmz_super *sb)
+{
+	unsigned int nr_meta_zones, nr_data_zones;
+	struct dmz_dev *dev = zmd->dev;
+	u32 crc, stored_crc;
+	u64 gen;
+
+	gen = le64_to_cpu(sb->gen);
+	stored_crc = le32_to_cpu(sb->crc);
+	sb->crc = 0;
+	crc = crc32_le(gen, (unsigned char *)sb, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE);
+	if (crc != stored_crc) {
+		dmz_dev_err(dev, "Invalid checksum (needed 0x%08x, got 0x%08x)",
+			    crc, stored_crc);
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	if (le32_to_cpu(sb->magic) != DMZ_MAGIC) {
+		dmz_dev_err(dev, "Invalid meta magic (needed 0x%08x, got 0x%08x)",
+			    DMZ_MAGIC, le32_to_cpu(sb->magic));
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	if (le32_to_cpu(sb->version) != DMZ_META_VER) {
+		dmz_dev_err(dev, "Invalid meta version (needed %d, got %d)",
+			    DMZ_META_VER, le32_to_cpu(sb->version));
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	nr_meta_zones = (le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_meta_blocks) + dev->zone_nr_blocks - 1)
+		>> dev->zone_nr_blocks_shift;
+	if (!nr_meta_zones ||
+	    nr_meta_zones >= zmd->nr_rnd_zones) {
+		dmz_dev_err(dev, "Invalid number of metadata blocks");
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	if (!le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_reserved_seq) ||
+	    le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_reserved_seq) >= (zmd->nr_useable_zones - nr_meta_zones)) {
+		dmz_dev_err(dev, "Invalid number of reserved sequential zones");
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	nr_data_zones = zmd->nr_useable_zones -
+		(nr_meta_zones * 2 + le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_reserved_seq));
+	if (le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_chunks) > nr_data_zones) {
+		dmz_dev_err(dev, "Invalid number of chunks %u / %u",
+			    le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_chunks), nr_data_zones);
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	/* OK */
+	zmd->nr_meta_blocks = le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_meta_blocks);
+	zmd->nr_reserved_seq = le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_reserved_seq);
+	zmd->nr_chunks = le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_chunks);
+	zmd->nr_map_blocks = le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_map_blocks);
+	zmd->nr_bitmap_blocks = le32_to_cpu(sb->nr_bitmap_blocks);
+	zmd->nr_meta_zones = nr_meta_zones;
+	zmd->nr_data_zones = nr_data_zones;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the first or second super block from disk.
+ */
+static int dmz_read_sb(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, unsigned int set)
+{
+	return dmz_rdwr_block(zmd, REQ_OP_READ, zmd->sb[set].block,
+			      zmd->sb[set].mblk->page);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Determine the position of the secondary super blocks on disk.
+ * This is used only if a corruption of the primary super block
+ * is detected.
+ */
+static int dmz_lookup_secondary_sb(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	unsigned int zone_nr_blocks = zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks;
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Allocate a block */
+	mblk = dmz_alloc_mblock(zmd, 0);
+	if (!mblk)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	zmd->sb[1].mblk = mblk;
+	zmd->sb[1].sb = mblk->data;
+
+	/* Bad first super block: search for the second one */
+	zmd->sb[1].block = zmd->sb[0].block + zone_nr_blocks;
+	for (i = 0; i < zmd->nr_rnd_zones - 1; i++) {
+		if (dmz_read_sb(zmd, 1) != 0)
+			break;
+		if (le32_to_cpu(zmd->sb[1].sb->magic) == DMZ_MAGIC)
+			return 0;
+		zmd->sb[1].block += zone_nr_blocks;
+	}
+
+	dmz_free_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+	zmd->sb[1].mblk = NULL;
+
+	return -EIO;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the first or second super block from disk.
+ */
+static int dmz_get_sb(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, unsigned int set)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Allocate a block */
+	mblk = dmz_alloc_mblock(zmd, 0);
+	if (!mblk)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	zmd->sb[set].mblk = mblk;
+	zmd->sb[set].sb = mblk->data;
+
+	/* Read super block */
+	ret = dmz_read_sb(zmd, set);
+	if (ret) {
+		dmz_free_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+		zmd->sb[set].mblk = NULL;
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Recover a metadata set.
+ */
+static int dmz_recover_mblocks(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, unsigned int dst_set)
+{
+	unsigned int src_set = dst_set ^ 0x1;
+	struct page *page;
+	int i, ret;
+
+	dmz_dev_warn(zmd->dev, "Metadata set %u invalid: recovering", dst_set);
+
+	if (dst_set == 0)
+		zmd->sb[0].block = dmz_start_block(zmd, zmd->sb_zone);
+	else {
+		zmd->sb[1].block = zmd->sb[0].block +
+			(zmd->nr_meta_zones << zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks_shift);
+	}
+
+	page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!page)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Copy metadata blocks */
+	for (i = 1; i < zmd->nr_meta_blocks; i++) {
+		ret = dmz_rdwr_block(zmd, REQ_OP_READ,
+				     zmd->sb[src_set].block + i, page);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+		ret = dmz_rdwr_block(zmd, REQ_OP_WRITE,
+				     zmd->sb[dst_set].block + i, page);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Finalize with the super block */
+	if (!zmd->sb[dst_set].mblk) {
+		zmd->sb[dst_set].mblk = dmz_alloc_mblock(zmd, 0);
+		if (!zmd->sb[dst_set].mblk) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		zmd->sb[dst_set].sb = zmd->sb[dst_set].mblk->data;
+	}
+
+	ret = dmz_write_sb(zmd, dst_set);
+out:
+	__free_pages(page, 0);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get super block from disk.
+ */
+static int dmz_load_sb(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	bool sb_good[2] = {false, false};
+	u64 sb_gen[2] = {0, 0};
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Read and check the primary super block */
+	zmd->sb[0].block = dmz_start_block(zmd, zmd->sb_zone);
+	ret = dmz_get_sb(zmd, 0);
+	if (ret) {
+		dmz_dev_err(zmd->dev, "Read primary super block failed");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = dmz_check_sb(zmd, zmd->sb[0].sb);
+
+	/* Read and check secondary super block */
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		sb_good[0] = true;
+		zmd->sb[1].block = zmd->sb[0].block +
+			(zmd->nr_meta_zones << zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks_shift);
+		ret = dmz_get_sb(zmd, 1);
+	} else
+		ret = dmz_lookup_secondary_sb(zmd);
+
+	if (ret) {
+		dmz_dev_err(zmd->dev, "Read secondary super block failed");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = dmz_check_sb(zmd, zmd->sb[1].sb);
+	if (ret == 0)
+		sb_good[1] = true;
+
+	/* Use highest generation sb first */
+	if (!sb_good[0] && !sb_good[1]) {
+		dmz_dev_err(zmd->dev, "No valid super block found");
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	if (sb_good[0])
+		sb_gen[0] = le64_to_cpu(zmd->sb[0].sb->gen);
+	else
+		ret = dmz_recover_mblocks(zmd, 0);
+
+	if (sb_good[1])
+		sb_gen[1] = le64_to_cpu(zmd->sb[1].sb->gen);
+	else
+		ret = dmz_recover_mblocks(zmd, 1);
+
+	if (ret) {
+		dmz_dev_err(zmd->dev, "Recovery failed");
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	if (sb_gen[0] >= sb_gen[1]) {
+		zmd->sb_gen = sb_gen[0];
+		zmd->mblk_primary = 0;
+	} else {
+		zmd->sb_gen = sb_gen[1];
+		zmd->mblk_primary = 1;
+	}
+
+	dmz_dev_debug(zmd->dev, "Using super block %u (gen %llu)",
+		      zmd->mblk_primary, zmd->sb_gen);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize a zone descriptor.
+ */
+static int dmz_init_zone(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone,
+			 struct blk_zone *blkz)
+{
+	struct dmz_dev *dev = zmd->dev;
+
+	/* Ignore the eventual last runt (smaller) zone */
+	if (blkz->len != dev->zone_nr_sectors) {
+		if (blkz->start + blkz->len == dev->capacity)
+			return 0;
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->link);
+	atomic_set(&zone->refcount, 0);
+	zone->chunk = DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED;
+
+	if (blkz->type == BLK_ZONE_TYPE_CONVENTIONAL) {
+		set_bit(DMZ_RND, &zone->flags);
+		zmd->nr_rnd_zones++;
+	} else if (blkz->type == BLK_ZONE_TYPE_SEQWRITE_REQ ||
+		   blkz->type == BLK_ZONE_TYPE_SEQWRITE_PREF) {
+		set_bit(DMZ_SEQ, &zone->flags);
+	} else
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	if (blkz->cond == BLK_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE)
+		set_bit(DMZ_OFFLINE, &zone->flags);
+	else if (blkz->cond == BLK_ZONE_COND_READONLY)
+		set_bit(DMZ_READ_ONLY, &zone->flags);
+
+	if (dmz_is_rnd(zone))
+		zone->wp_block = 0;
+	else
+		zone->wp_block = dmz_sect2blk(blkz->wp - blkz->start);
+
+	if (!dmz_is_offline(zone) && !dmz_is_readonly(zone)) {
+		zmd->nr_useable_zones++;
+		if (dmz_is_rnd(zone)) {
+			zmd->nr_rnd_zones++;
+			if (!zmd->sb_zone) {
+				/* Super block zone */
+				zmd->sb_zone = zone;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free zones descriptors.
+ */
+static void dmz_drop_zones(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	kfree(zmd->zones);
+	zmd->zones = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The size of a zone report in number of zones.
+ * This results in 4096*64B=256KB report zones commands.
+ */
+#define DMZ_REPORT_NR_ZONES	4096
+
+/*
+ * Allocate and initialize zone descriptors using the zone
+ * information from disk.
+ */
+static int dmz_init_zones(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	struct dmz_dev *dev = zmd->dev;
+	struct dm_zone *zone;
+	struct blk_zone *blkz;
+	unsigned int nr_blkz;
+	sector_t sector = 0;
+	int i, ret = 0;
+
+	/* Init */
+	zmd->zone_bitmap_size = dev->zone_nr_blocks >> 3;
+	zmd->zone_nr_bitmap_blocks = zmd->zone_bitmap_size >> DMZ_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+
+	/* Allocate zone array */
+	zmd->zones = kcalloc(dev->nr_zones, sizeof(struct dm_zone), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!zmd->zones)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	dmz_dev_info(dev, "Using %zu B for zone information",
+		     sizeof(struct dm_zone) * dev->nr_zones);
+
+	/* Get zone information */
+	nr_blkz = DMZ_REPORT_NR_ZONES;
+	blkz = kcalloc(nr_blkz, sizeof(struct blk_zone), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!blkz) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Get zone information and initialize zone descriptors.
+	 * At the same time, determine where the super block
+	 * should be: first block of the first randomly writable
+	 * zone.
+	 */
+	zone = zmd->zones;
+	while (sector < dev->capacity) {
+		/* Get zone information */
+		nr_blkz = DMZ_REPORT_NR_ZONES;
+		ret = blkdev_report_zones(dev->bdev, sector, blkz,
+					  &nr_blkz, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (ret) {
+			dmz_dev_err(dev, "Report zones failed %d", ret);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Process report */
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_blkz; i++) {
+			ret = dmz_init_zone(zmd, zone, &blkz[i]);
+			if (ret)
+				goto out;
+			sector += dev->zone_nr_sectors;
+			zone++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* The entire zone configuration of the disk should now be known */
+	if (sector < dev->capacity) {
+		dmz_dev_err(dev, "Failed to get correct zone information");
+		ret = -ENXIO;
+	}
+out:
+	kfree(blkz);
+	if (ret)
+		dmz_drop_zones(zmd);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update a zone information.
+ */
+static int dmz_update_zone(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	unsigned int nr_blkz = 1;
+	struct blk_zone blkz;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Get zone information from disk */
+	ret = blkdev_report_zones(zmd->dev->bdev, dmz_start_sect(zmd, zone),
+				  &blkz, &nr_blkz, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (ret) {
+		dmz_dev_err(zmd->dev, "Get zone %u report failed",
+			    dmz_id(zmd, zone));
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	clear_bit(DMZ_OFFLINE, &zone->flags);
+	clear_bit(DMZ_READ_ONLY, &zone->flags);
+	if (blkz.cond == BLK_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE)
+		set_bit(DMZ_OFFLINE, &zone->flags);
+	else if (blkz.cond == BLK_ZONE_COND_READONLY)
+		set_bit(DMZ_READ_ONLY, &zone->flags);
+
+	if (dmz_is_seq(zone))
+		zone->wp_block = dmz_sect2blk(blkz.wp - blkz.start);
+	else
+		zone->wp_block = 0;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check a zone write pointer position when the zone is marked
+ * with the sequential write error flag.
+ */
+static int dmz_handle_seq_write_err(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+				    struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	unsigned int wp = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	wp = zone->wp_block;
+	ret = dmz_update_zone(zmd, zone);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	dmz_dev_warn(zmd->dev, "Processing zone %u write error (zone wp %u/%u)",
+		     dmz_id(zmd, zone), zone->wp_block, wp);
+
+	if (zone->wp_block < wp) {
+		dmz_invalidate_blocks(zmd, zone, zone->wp_block,
+				      wp - zone->wp_block);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct dm_zone *dmz_get(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, unsigned int zone_id)
+{
+	return &zmd->zones[zone_id];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset a zone write pointer.
+ */
+static int dmz_reset_zone(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * Ignore offline zones, read only zones,
+	 * and conventional zones.
+	 */
+	if (dmz_is_offline(zone) ||
+	    dmz_is_readonly(zone) ||
+	    dmz_is_rnd(zone))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!dmz_is_empty(zone) || dmz_seq_write_err(zone)) {
+		struct dmz_dev *dev = zmd->dev;
+
+		ret = blkdev_reset_zones(dev->bdev,
+					 dmz_start_sect(zmd, zone),
+					 dev->zone_nr_sectors, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (ret) {
+			dmz_dev_err(dev, "Reset zone %u failed %d",
+				    dmz_id(zmd, zone), ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Clear write error bit and rewind write pointer position */
+	clear_bit(DMZ_SEQ_WRITE_ERR, &zone->flags);
+	zone->wp_block = 0;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void dmz_get_zone_weight(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone);
+
+/*
+ * Initialize chunk mapping.
+ */
+static int dmz_load_mapping(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	struct dmz_dev *dev = zmd->dev;
+	struct dm_zone *dzone, *bzone;
+	struct dmz_mblock *dmap_mblk = NULL;
+	struct dmz_map *dmap;
+	unsigned int i = 0, e = 0, chunk = 0;
+	unsigned int dzone_id;
+	unsigned int bzone_id;
+
+	/* Metadata block array for the chunk mapping table */
+	zmd->map_mblk = kcalloc(zmd->nr_map_blocks,
+				sizeof(struct dmz_mblk *), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!zmd->map_mblk)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Get chunk mapping table blocks and initialize zone mapping */
+	while (chunk < zmd->nr_chunks) {
+		if (!dmap_mblk) {
+			/* Get mapping block */
+			dmap_mblk = dmz_get_mblock(zmd, i + 1);
+			if (IS_ERR(dmap_mblk))
+				return PTR_ERR(dmap_mblk);
+			zmd->map_mblk[i] = dmap_mblk;
+			dmap = (struct dmz_map *) dmap_mblk->data;
+			i++;
+			e = 0;
+		}
+
+		/* Check data zone */
+		dzone_id = le32_to_cpu(dmap[e].dzone_id);
+		if (dzone_id == DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED)
+			goto next;
+
+		if (dzone_id >= dev->nr_zones) {
+			dmz_dev_err(dev, "Chunk %u mapping: invalid data zone ID %u",
+				    chunk, dzone_id);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+
+		dzone = dmz_get(zmd, dzone_id);
+		set_bit(DMZ_DATA, &dzone->flags);
+		dzone->chunk = chunk;
+		dmz_get_zone_weight(zmd, dzone);
+
+		if (dmz_is_rnd(dzone))
+			list_add_tail(&dzone->link, &zmd->map_rnd_list);
+		else
+			list_add_tail(&dzone->link, &zmd->map_seq_list);
+
+		/* Check buffer zone */
+		bzone_id = le32_to_cpu(dmap[e].bzone_id);
+		if (bzone_id == DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED)
+			goto next;
+
+		if (bzone_id >= dev->nr_zones) {
+			dmz_dev_err(dev, "Chunk %u mapping: invalid buffer zone ID %u",
+				    chunk, bzone_id);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+
+		bzone = dmz_get(zmd, bzone_id);
+		if (!dmz_is_rnd(bzone)) {
+			dmz_dev_err(dev, "Chunk %u mapping: invalid buffer zone %u",
+				    chunk, bzone_id);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+
+		set_bit(DMZ_DATA, &bzone->flags);
+		set_bit(DMZ_BUF, &bzone->flags);
+		bzone->chunk = chunk;
+		bzone->bzone = dzone;
+		dzone->bzone = bzone;
+		dmz_get_zone_weight(zmd, bzone);
+		list_add_tail(&bzone->link, &zmd->map_rnd_list);
+next:
+		chunk++;
+		e++;
+		if (e >= DMZ_MAP_ENTRIES)
+			dmap_mblk = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, only meta zones and mapped data zones were
+	 * fully initialized. All remaining zones are unmapped data
+	 * zones. Finish initializing those here.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < dev->nr_zones; i++) {
+		dzone = dmz_get(zmd, i);
+		if (dmz_is_meta(dzone))
+			continue;
+
+		if (dmz_is_rnd(dzone))
+			zmd->nr_rnd++;
+		else
+			zmd->nr_seq++;
+
+		if (dmz_is_data(dzone)) {
+			/* Already initialized */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Unmapped data zone */
+		set_bit(DMZ_DATA, &dzone->flags);
+		dzone->chunk = DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED;
+		if (dmz_is_rnd(dzone)) {
+			list_add_tail(&dzone->link, &zmd->unmap_rnd_list);
+			atomic_inc(&zmd->unmap_nr_rnd);
+		} else if (atomic_read(&zmd->nr_reserved_seq_zones) < zmd->nr_reserved_seq) {
+			list_add_tail(&dzone->link, &zmd->reserved_seq_zones_list);
+			atomic_inc(&zmd->nr_reserved_seq_zones);
+			zmd->nr_seq--;
+		} else {
+			list_add_tail(&dzone->link, &zmd->unmap_seq_list);
+			atomic_inc(&zmd->unmap_nr_seq);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set a data chunk mapping.
+ */
+static void dmz_set_chunk_mapping(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, unsigned int chunk,
+				  unsigned int dzone_id, unsigned int bzone_id)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *dmap_mblk = zmd->map_mblk[chunk >> DMZ_MAP_ENTRIES_SHIFT];
+	struct dmz_map *dmap = (struct dmz_map *) dmap_mblk->data;
+	int map_idx = chunk & DMZ_MAP_ENTRIES_MASK;
+
+	dmap[map_idx].dzone_id = cpu_to_le32(dzone_id);
+	dmap[map_idx].bzone_id = cpu_to_le32(bzone_id);
+	dmz_dirty_mblock(zmd, dmap_mblk);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The list of mapped zones is maintained in LRU order.
+ * This rotates a zone at the end of its map list.
+ */
+static void __dmz_lru_zone(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	if (list_empty(&zone->link))
+		return;
+
+	list_del_init(&zone->link);
+	if (dmz_is_seq(zone)) {
+		/* LRU rotate sequential zone */
+		list_add_tail(&zone->link, &zmd->map_seq_list);
+	} else {
+		/* LRU rotate random zone */
+		list_add_tail(&zone->link, &zmd->map_rnd_list);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * The list of mapped random zones is maintained
+ * in LRU order. This rotates a zone at the end of the list.
+ */
+static void dmz_lru_zone(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	__dmz_lru_zone(zmd, zone);
+	if (zone->bzone)
+		__dmz_lru_zone(zmd, zone->bzone);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for any zone to be freed.
+ */
+static void dmz_wait_for_free_zones(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+
+	prepare_to_wait(&zmd->free_wq, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+	dmz_unlock_map(zmd);
+	dmz_unlock_metadata(zmd);
+
+	io_schedule_timeout(HZ);
+
+	dmz_lock_metadata(zmd);
+	dmz_lock_map(zmd);
+	finish_wait(&zmd->free_wq, &wait);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lock a zone for reclaim (set the zone RECLAIM bit).
+ * Returns false if the zone cannot be locked or if it is already locked
+ * and 1 otherwise.
+ */
+int dmz_lock_zone_reclaim(struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	/* Active zones cannot be reclaimed */
+	if (dmz_is_active(zone))
+		return 0;
+
+	return !test_and_set_bit(DMZ_RECLAIM, &zone->flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clear a zone reclaim flag.
+ */
+void dmz_unlock_zone_reclaim(struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	WARN_ON(dmz_is_active(zone));
+	WARN_ON(!dmz_in_reclaim(zone));
+
+	clear_bit_unlock(DMZ_RECLAIM, &zone->flags);
+	smp_mb__after_atomic();
+	wake_up_bit(&zone->flags, DMZ_RECLAIM);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for a zone reclaim to complete.
+ */
+static void dmz_wait_for_reclaim(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	dmz_unlock_map(zmd);
+	dmz_unlock_metadata(zmd);
+	wait_on_bit_timeout(&zone->flags, DMZ_RECLAIM, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, HZ);
+	dmz_lock_metadata(zmd);
+	dmz_lock_map(zmd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Select a random write zone for reclaim.
+ */
+static struct dm_zone *dmz_get_rnd_zone_for_reclaim(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	struct dm_zone *dzone = NULL;
+	struct dm_zone *zone;
+
+	if (list_empty(&zmd->map_rnd_list))
+		return NULL;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(zone, &zmd->map_rnd_list, link) {
+		if (dmz_is_buf(zone))
+			dzone = zone->bzone;
+		else
+			dzone = zone;
+		if (dmz_lock_zone_reclaim(dzone))
+			return dzone;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Select a buffered sequential zone for reclaim.
+ */
+static struct dm_zone *dmz_get_seq_zone_for_reclaim(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	struct dm_zone *zone;
+
+	if (list_empty(&zmd->map_seq_list))
+		return NULL;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(zone, &zmd->map_seq_list, link) {
+		if (!zone->bzone)
+			continue;
+		if (dmz_lock_zone_reclaim(zone))
+			return zone;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Select a zone for reclaim.
+ */
+struct dm_zone *dmz_get_zone_for_reclaim(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	struct dm_zone *zone;
+
+	/*
+	 * Search for a zone candidate to reclaim: 2 cases are possible.
+	 * (1) There is no free sequential zones. Then a random data zone
+	 *     cannot be reclaimed. So choose a sequential zone to reclaim so
+	 *     that afterward a random zone can be reclaimed.
+	 * (2) At least one free sequential zone is available, then choose
+	 *     the oldest random zone (data or buffer) that can be locked.
+	 */
+	dmz_lock_map(zmd);
+	if (list_empty(&zmd->reserved_seq_zones_list))
+		zone = dmz_get_seq_zone_for_reclaim(zmd);
+	else
+		zone = dmz_get_rnd_zone_for_reclaim(zmd);
+	dmz_unlock_map(zmd);
+
+	return zone;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Activate a zone (increment its reference count).
+ */
+void dmz_activate_zone(struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	set_bit(DMZ_ACTIVE, &zone->flags);
+	atomic_inc(&zone->refcount);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Deactivate a zone. This decrement the zone reference counter
+ * and clears the active state of the zone once the count reaches 0,
+ * indicating that all BIOs to the zone have completed. Returns
+ * true if the zone was deactivated.
+ */
+void dmz_deactivate_zone(struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&zone->refcount)) {
+		WARN_ON(!test_bit(DMZ_ACTIVE, &zone->flags));
+		clear_bit_unlock(DMZ_ACTIVE, &zone->flags);
+		smp_mb__after_atomic();
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the zone mapping a chunk, if the chunk is mapped already.
+ * If no mapping exist and the operation is WRITE, a zone is
+ * allocated and used to map the chunk.
+ * The zone returned will be set to the active state.
+ */
+struct dm_zone *dmz_get_chunk_mapping(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, unsigned int chunk, int op)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *dmap_mblk = zmd->map_mblk[chunk >> DMZ_MAP_ENTRIES_SHIFT];
+	struct dmz_map *dmap = (struct dmz_map *) dmap_mblk->data;
+	int dmap_idx = chunk & DMZ_MAP_ENTRIES_MASK;
+	unsigned int dzone_id;
+	struct dm_zone *dzone = NULL;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	dmz_lock_map(zmd);
+again:
+	/* Get the chunk mapping */
+	dzone_id = le32_to_cpu(dmap[dmap_idx].dzone_id);
+	if (dzone_id == DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED) {
+		/*
+		 * Read or discard in unmapped chunks are fine. But for
+		 * writes, we need a mapping, so get one.
+		 */
+		if (op != REQ_OP_WRITE)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* Alloate a random zone */
+		dzone = dmz_alloc_zone(zmd, DMZ_ALLOC_RND);
+		if (!dzone) {
+			dmz_wait_for_free_zones(zmd);
+			goto again;
+		}
+
+		dmz_map_zone(zmd, dzone, chunk);
+
+	} else {
+		/* The chunk is already mapped: get the mapping zone */
+		dzone = dmz_get(zmd, dzone_id);
+		if (dzone->chunk != chunk) {
+			dzone = ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Repair write pointer if the sequential dzone has error */
+		if (dmz_seq_write_err(dzone)) {
+			ret = dmz_handle_seq_write_err(zmd, dzone);
+			if (ret) {
+				dzone = ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+				goto out;
+			}
+			clear_bit(DMZ_SEQ_WRITE_ERR, &dzone->flags);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the zone is being reclaimed, the chunk mapping may change
+	 * to a different zone. So wait for reclaim and retry. Otherwise,
+	 * activate the zone (this will prevent reclaim from touching it).
+	 */
+	if (dmz_in_reclaim(dzone)) {
+		dmz_wait_for_reclaim(zmd, dzone);
+		goto again;
+	}
+	dmz_activate_zone(dzone);
+	dmz_lru_zone(zmd, dzone);
+out:
+	dmz_unlock_map(zmd);
+
+	return dzone;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write and discard change the block validity of data zones and their buffer
+ * zones. Check here that valid blocks are still present. If all blocks are
+ * invalid, the zones can be unmapped on the fly without waiting for reclaim
+ * to do it.
+ */
+void dmz_put_chunk_mapping(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *dzone)
+{
+	struct dm_zone *bzone;
+
+	dmz_lock_map(zmd);
+
+	bzone = dzone->bzone;
+	if (bzone) {
+		if (dmz_weight(bzone))
+			dmz_lru_zone(zmd, bzone);
+		else {
+			/* Empty buffer zone: reclaim it */
+			dmz_unmap_zone(zmd, bzone);
+			dmz_free_zone(zmd, bzone);
+			bzone = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Deactivate the data zone */
+	dmz_deactivate_zone(dzone);
+	if (dmz_is_active(dzone) || bzone || dmz_weight(dzone))
+		dmz_lru_zone(zmd, dzone);
+	else {
+		/* Unbuffered inactive empty data zone: reclaim it */
+		dmz_unmap_zone(zmd, dzone);
+		dmz_free_zone(zmd, dzone);
+	}
+
+	dmz_unlock_map(zmd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate and map a random zone to buffer a chunk
+ * already mapped to a sequential zone.
+ */
+struct dm_zone *dmz_get_chunk_buffer(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+				     struct dm_zone *dzone)
+{
+	struct dm_zone *bzone;
+
+	dmz_lock_map(zmd);
+again:
+	bzone = dzone->bzone;
+	if (bzone)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Alloate a random zone */
+	bzone = dmz_alloc_zone(zmd, DMZ_ALLOC_RND);
+	if (!bzone) {
+		dmz_wait_for_free_zones(zmd);
+		goto again;
+	}
+
+	/* Update the chunk mapping */
+	dmz_set_chunk_mapping(zmd, dzone->chunk, dmz_id(zmd, dzone),
+			      dmz_id(zmd, bzone));
+
+	set_bit(DMZ_BUF, &bzone->flags);
+	bzone->chunk = dzone->chunk;
+	bzone->bzone = dzone;
+	dzone->bzone = bzone;
+	list_add_tail(&bzone->link, &zmd->map_rnd_list);
+out:
+	dmz_unlock_map(zmd);
+
+	return bzone;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get an unmapped (free) zone.
+ * This must be called with the mapping lock held.
+ */
+struct dm_zone *dmz_alloc_zone(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	struct list_head *list;
+	struct dm_zone *zone;
+
+	if (flags & DMZ_ALLOC_RND)
+		list = &zmd->unmap_rnd_list;
+	else
+		list = &zmd->unmap_seq_list;
+again:
+	if (list_empty(list)) {
+		/*
+		 * No free zone: if this is for reclaim, allow using the
+		 * reserved sequential zones.
+		 */
+		if (!(flags & DMZ_ALLOC_RECLAIM) ||
+		    list_empty(&zmd->reserved_seq_zones_list))
+			return NULL;
+
+		zone = list_first_entry(&zmd->reserved_seq_zones_list,
+					struct dm_zone, link);
+		list_del_init(&zone->link);
+		atomic_dec(&zmd->nr_reserved_seq_zones);
+		return zone;
+	}
+
+	zone = list_first_entry(list, struct dm_zone, link);
+	list_del_init(&zone->link);
+
+	if (dmz_is_rnd(zone))
+		atomic_dec(&zmd->unmap_nr_rnd);
+	else
+		atomic_dec(&zmd->unmap_nr_seq);
+
+	if (dmz_is_offline(zone)) {
+		dmz_dev_warn(zmd->dev, "Zone %u is offline", dmz_id(zmd, zone));
+		zone = NULL;
+		goto again;
+	}
+
+	return zone;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free a zone.
+ * This must be called with the mapping lock held.
+ */
+void dmz_free_zone(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	/* If this is a sequential zone, reset it */
+	if (dmz_is_seq(zone))
+		dmz_reset_zone(zmd, zone);
+
+	/* Return the zone to its type unmap list */
+	if (dmz_is_rnd(zone)) {
+		list_add_tail(&zone->link, &zmd->unmap_rnd_list);
+		atomic_inc(&zmd->unmap_nr_rnd);
+	} else if (atomic_read(&zmd->nr_reserved_seq_zones) <
+		   zmd->nr_reserved_seq) {
+		list_add_tail(&zone->link, &zmd->reserved_seq_zones_list);
+		atomic_inc(&zmd->nr_reserved_seq_zones);
+	} else {
+		list_add_tail(&zone->link, &zmd->unmap_seq_list);
+		atomic_inc(&zmd->unmap_nr_seq);
+	}
+
+	wake_up_all(&zmd->free_wq);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Map a chunk to a zone.
+ * This must be called with the mapping lock held.
+ */
+void dmz_map_zone(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *dzone,
+		  unsigned int chunk)
+{
+	/* Set the chunk mapping */
+	dmz_set_chunk_mapping(zmd, chunk, dmz_id(zmd, dzone),
+			      DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED);
+	dzone->chunk = chunk;
+	if (dmz_is_rnd(dzone))
+		list_add_tail(&dzone->link, &zmd->map_rnd_list);
+	else
+		list_add_tail(&dzone->link, &zmd->map_seq_list);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unmap a zone.
+ * This must be called with the mapping lock held.
+ */
+void dmz_unmap_zone(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	unsigned int chunk = zone->chunk;
+	unsigned int dzone_id;
+
+	if (chunk == DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED) {
+		/* Already unmapped */
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (test_and_clear_bit(DMZ_BUF, &zone->flags)) {
+		/*
+		 * Unmapping the chunk buffer zone: clear only
+		 * the chunk buffer mapping
+		 */
+		dzone_id = dmz_id(zmd, zone->bzone);
+		zone->bzone->bzone = NULL;
+		zone->bzone = NULL;
+
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Unmapping the chunk data zone: the zone must
+		 * not be buffered.
+		 */
+		if (WARN_ON(zone->bzone)) {
+			zone->bzone->bzone = NULL;
+			zone->bzone = NULL;
+		}
+		dzone_id = DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED;
+	}
+
+	dmz_set_chunk_mapping(zmd, chunk, dzone_id, DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED);
+
+	zone->chunk = DMZ_MAP_UNMAPPED;
+	list_del_init(&zone->link);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set @nr_bits bits in @bitmap starting from @bit.
+ * Return the number of bits changed from 0 to 1.
+ */
+static unsigned int dmz_set_bits(unsigned long *bitmap,
+				 unsigned int bit, unsigned int nr_bits)
+{
+	unsigned long *addr;
+	unsigned int end = bit + nr_bits;
+	unsigned int n = 0;
+
+	while (bit < end) {
+		if (((bit & (BITS_PER_LONG - 1)) == 0) &&
+		    ((end - bit) >= BITS_PER_LONG)) {
+			/* Try to set the whole word at once */
+			addr = bitmap + BIT_WORD(bit);
+			if (*addr == 0) {
+				*addr = ULONG_MAX;
+				n += BITS_PER_LONG;
+				bit += BITS_PER_LONG;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!test_and_set_bit(bit, bitmap))
+			n++;
+		bit++;
+	}
+
+	return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the bitmap block storing the bit for chunk_block in zone.
+ */
+static struct dmz_mblock *dmz_get_bitmap(struct dmz_metadata *zmd,
+					 struct dm_zone *zone,
+					 sector_t chunk_block)
+{
+	sector_t bitmap_block = 1 + zmd->nr_map_blocks +
+		(sector_t)(dmz_id(zmd, zone) * zmd->zone_nr_bitmap_blocks) +
+		(chunk_block >> DMZ_BLOCK_SHIFT_BITS);
+
+	return dmz_get_mblock(zmd, bitmap_block);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy the valid blocks bitmap of from_zone to the bitmap of to_zone.
+ */
+int dmz_copy_valid_blocks(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *from_zone,
+			  struct dm_zone *to_zone)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *from_mblk, *to_mblk;
+	sector_t chunk_block = 0;
+
+	/* Get the zones bitmap blocks */
+	while (chunk_block < zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks) {
+		from_mblk = dmz_get_bitmap(zmd, from_zone, chunk_block);
+		if (IS_ERR(from_mblk))
+			return PTR_ERR(from_mblk);
+		to_mblk = dmz_get_bitmap(zmd, to_zone, chunk_block);
+		if (IS_ERR(to_mblk)) {
+			dmz_release_mblock(zmd, from_mblk);
+			return PTR_ERR(to_mblk);
+		}
+
+		memcpy(to_mblk->data, from_mblk->data, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE);
+		dmz_dirty_mblock(zmd, to_mblk);
+
+		dmz_release_mblock(zmd, to_mblk);
+		dmz_release_mblock(zmd, from_mblk);
+
+		chunk_block += DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS;
+	}
+
+	to_zone->weight = from_zone->weight;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Merge the valid blocks bitmap of from_zone into the bitmap of to_zone,
+ * starting from chunk_block.
+ */
+int dmz_merge_valid_blocks(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *from_zone,
+			   struct dm_zone *to_zone, sector_t chunk_block)
+{
+	unsigned int nr_blocks;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Get the zones bitmap blocks */
+	while (chunk_block < zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks) {
+		/* Get a valid region from the source zone */
+		ret = dmz_first_valid_block(zmd, from_zone, &chunk_block);
+		if (ret <= 0)
+			return ret;
+
+		nr_blocks = ret;
+		ret = dmz_validate_blocks(zmd, to_zone, chunk_block, nr_blocks);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+
+		chunk_block += nr_blocks;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Validate all the blocks in the range [block..block+nr_blocks-1].
+ */
+int dmz_validate_blocks(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone,
+			sector_t chunk_block, unsigned int nr_blocks)
+{
+	unsigned int count, bit, nr_bits;
+	unsigned int zone_nr_blocks = zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks;
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	unsigned int n = 0;
+
+	dmz_dev_debug(zmd->dev, "=> VALIDATE zone %u, block %llu, %u blocks",
+		      dmz_id(zmd, zone), (unsigned long long)chunk_block,
+		      nr_blocks);
+
+	WARN_ON(chunk_block + nr_blocks > zone_nr_blocks);
+
+	while (nr_blocks) {
+		/* Get bitmap block */
+		mblk = dmz_get_bitmap(zmd, zone, chunk_block);
+		if (IS_ERR(mblk))
+			return PTR_ERR(mblk);
+
+		/* Set bits */
+		bit = chunk_block & DMZ_BLOCK_MASK_BITS;
+		nr_bits = min(nr_blocks, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS - bit);
+
+		count = dmz_set_bits((unsigned long *)mblk->data, bit, nr_bits);
+		if (count) {
+			dmz_dirty_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+			n += count;
+		}
+		dmz_release_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+
+		nr_blocks -= nr_bits;
+		chunk_block += nr_bits;
+	}
+
+	if (likely(zone->weight + n <= zone_nr_blocks))
+		zone->weight += n;
+	else {
+		dmz_dev_warn(zmd->dev, "Zone %u: weight %u should be <= %u",
+			     dmz_id(zmd, zone), zone->weight,
+			     zone_nr_blocks - n);
+		zone->weight = zone_nr_blocks;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clear nr_bits bits in bitmap starting from bit.
+ * Return the number of bits cleared.
+ */
+static int dmz_clear_bits(unsigned long *bitmap, int bit, int nr_bits)
+{
+	unsigned long *addr;
+	int end = bit + nr_bits;
+	int n = 0;
+
+	while (bit < end) {
+		if (((bit & (BITS_PER_LONG - 1)) == 0) &&
+		    ((end - bit) >= BITS_PER_LONG)) {
+			/* Try to clear whole word at once */
+			addr = bitmap + BIT_WORD(bit);
+			if (*addr == ULONG_MAX) {
+				*addr = 0;
+				n += BITS_PER_LONG;
+				bit += BITS_PER_LONG;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (test_and_clear_bit(bit, bitmap))
+			n++;
+		bit++;
+	}
+
+	return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Invalidate all the blocks in the range [block..block+nr_blocks-1].
+ */
+int dmz_invalidate_blocks(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone,
+			  sector_t chunk_block, unsigned int nr_blocks)
+{
+	unsigned int count, bit, nr_bits;
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	unsigned int n = 0;
+
+	dmz_dev_debug(zmd->dev, "=> INVALIDATE zone %u, block %llu, %u blocks",
+		      dmz_id(zmd, zone), (u64)chunk_block, nr_blocks);
+
+	WARN_ON(chunk_block + nr_blocks > zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks);
+
+	while (nr_blocks) {
+		/* Get bitmap block */
+		mblk = dmz_get_bitmap(zmd, zone, chunk_block);
+		if (IS_ERR(mblk))
+			return PTR_ERR(mblk);
+
+		/* Clear bits */
+		bit = chunk_block & DMZ_BLOCK_MASK_BITS;
+		nr_bits = min(nr_blocks, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS - bit);
+
+		count = dmz_clear_bits((unsigned long *)mblk->data,
+				       bit, nr_bits);
+		if (count) {
+			dmz_dirty_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+			n += count;
+		}
+		dmz_release_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+
+		nr_blocks -= nr_bits;
+		chunk_block += nr_bits;
+	}
+
+	if (zone->weight >= n)
+		zone->weight -= n;
+	else {
+		dmz_dev_warn(zmd->dev, "Zone %u: weight %u should be >= %u",
+			     dmz_id(zmd, zone), zone->weight, n);
+		zone->weight = 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a block bit value.
+ */
+static int dmz_test_block(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone,
+			  sector_t chunk_block)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	int ret;
+
+	WARN_ON(chunk_block >= zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks);
+
+	/* Get bitmap block */
+	mblk = dmz_get_bitmap(zmd, zone, chunk_block);
+	if (IS_ERR(mblk))
+		return PTR_ERR(mblk);
+
+	/* Get offset */
+	ret = test_bit(chunk_block & DMZ_BLOCK_MASK_BITS,
+		       (unsigned long *) mblk->data) != 0;
+
+	dmz_release_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the number of blocks from chunk_block to the first block with a bit
+ * value specified by set. Search at most nr_blocks blocks from chunk_block.
+ */
+static int dmz_to_next_set_block(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone,
+				 sector_t chunk_block, unsigned int nr_blocks,
+				 int set)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	unsigned int bit, set_bit, nr_bits;
+	unsigned long *bitmap;
+	int n = 0;
+
+	WARN_ON(chunk_block + nr_blocks > zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks);
+
+	while (nr_blocks) {
+		/* Get bitmap block */
+		mblk = dmz_get_bitmap(zmd, zone, chunk_block);
+		if (IS_ERR(mblk))
+			return PTR_ERR(mblk);
+
+		/* Get offset */
+		bitmap = (unsigned long *) mblk->data;
+		bit = chunk_block & DMZ_BLOCK_MASK_BITS;
+		nr_bits = min(nr_blocks, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS - bit);
+		if (set)
+			set_bit = find_next_bit(bitmap, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS, bit);
+		else
+			set_bit = find_next_zero_bit(bitmap, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS, bit);
+		dmz_release_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+
+		n += set_bit - bit;
+		if (set_bit < DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS)
+			break;
+
+		nr_blocks -= nr_bits;
+		chunk_block += nr_bits;
+	}
+
+	return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test if chunk_block is valid. If it is, the number of consecutive
+ * valid blocks from chunk_block will be returned.
+ */
+int dmz_block_valid(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone,
+		    sector_t chunk_block)
+{
+	int valid;
+
+	valid = dmz_test_block(zmd, zone, chunk_block);
+	if (valid <= 0)
+		return valid;
+
+	/* The block is valid: get the number of valid blocks from block */
+	return dmz_to_next_set_block(zmd, zone, chunk_block,
+				     zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks - chunk_block, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the first valid block from @chunk_block in @zone.
+ * If such a block is found, its number is returned using
+ * @chunk_block and the total number of valid blocks from @chunk_block
+ * is returned.
+ */
+int dmz_first_valid_block(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone,
+			  sector_t *chunk_block)
+{
+	sector_t start_block = *chunk_block;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = dmz_to_next_set_block(zmd, zone, start_block,
+				    zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks - start_block, 1);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	start_block += ret;
+	*chunk_block = start_block;
+
+	return dmz_to_next_set_block(zmd, zone, start_block,
+				     zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks - start_block, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Count the number of bits set starting from bit up to bit + nr_bits - 1.
+ */
+static int dmz_count_bits(void *bitmap, int bit, int nr_bits)
+{
+	unsigned long *addr;
+	int end = bit + nr_bits;
+	int n = 0;
+
+	while (bit < end) {
+		if (((bit & (BITS_PER_LONG - 1)) == 0) &&
+		    ((end - bit) >= BITS_PER_LONG)) {
+			addr = (unsigned long *)bitmap + BIT_WORD(bit);
+			if (*addr == ULONG_MAX) {
+				n += BITS_PER_LONG;
+				bit += BITS_PER_LONG;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (test_bit(bit, bitmap))
+			n++;
+		bit++;
+	}
+
+	return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a zone weight.
+ */
+static void dmz_get_zone_weight(struct dmz_metadata *zmd, struct dm_zone *zone)
+{
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk;
+	sector_t chunk_block = 0;
+	unsigned int bit, nr_bits;
+	unsigned int nr_blocks = zmd->dev->zone_nr_blocks;
+	void *bitmap;
+	int n = 0;
+
+	while (nr_blocks) {
+		/* Get bitmap block */
+		mblk = dmz_get_bitmap(zmd, zone, chunk_block);
+		if (IS_ERR(mblk)) {
+			n = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* Count bits in this block */
+		bitmap = mblk->data;
+		bit = chunk_block & DMZ_BLOCK_MASK_BITS;
+		nr_bits = min(nr_blocks, DMZ_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS - bit);
+		n += dmz_count_bits(bitmap, bit, nr_bits);
+
+		dmz_release_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+
+		nr_blocks -= nr_bits;
+		chunk_block += nr_bits;
+	}
+
+	zone->weight = n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Cleanup the zoned metadata resources.
+ */
+static void dmz_cleanup_metadata(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	struct rb_root *root;
+	struct dmz_mblock *mblk, *next;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Release zone mapping resources */
+	if (zmd->map_mblk) {
+		for (i = 0; i < zmd->nr_map_blocks; i++)
+			dmz_release_mblock(zmd, zmd->map_mblk[i]);
+		kfree(zmd->map_mblk);
+		zmd->map_mblk = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* Release super blocks */
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+		if (zmd->sb[i].mblk) {
+			dmz_free_mblock(zmd, zmd->sb[i].mblk);
+			zmd->sb[i].mblk = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Free cached blocks */
+	while (!list_empty(&zmd->mblk_dirty_list)) {
+		mblk = list_first_entry(&zmd->mblk_dirty_list,
+					struct dmz_mblock, link);
+		dmz_dev_warn(zmd->dev, "mblock %llu still in dirty list (ref %u)",
+			     (u64)mblk->no, atomic_read(&mblk->ref));
+		list_del_init(&mblk->link);
+		rb_erase(&mblk->node, &zmd->mblk_rbtree);
+		dmz_free_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+	}
+
+	while (!list_empty(&zmd->mblk_lru_list)) {
+		mblk = list_first_entry(&zmd->mblk_lru_list,
+					struct dmz_mblock, link);
+		list_del_init(&mblk->link);
+		rb_erase(&mblk->node, &zmd->mblk_rbtree);
+		dmz_free_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+	}
+
+	/* Sanity checks: the mblock rbtree should now be empty */
+	root = &zmd->mblk_rbtree;
+	rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(mblk, next, root, node) {
+		dmz_dev_warn(zmd->dev, "mblock %llu ref %u still in rbtree",
+			     (u64)mblk->no, atomic_read(&mblk->ref));
+		atomic_set(&mblk->ref, 0);
+		dmz_free_mblock(zmd, mblk);
+	}
+
+	/* Free the zone descriptors */
+	dmz_drop_zones(zmd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the zoned metadata.
+ */
+int dmz_ctr_metadata(struct dmz_dev *dev, struct dmz_metadata **metadata)
+{
+	struct dmz_metadata *zmd;
+	unsigned int i, zid;
+	struct dm_zone *zone;
+	int ret;
+
+	zmd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct dmz_metadata), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!zmd)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	zmd->dev = dev;
+	zmd->mblk_rbtree = RB_ROOT;
+	init_rwsem(&zmd->mblk_sem);
+	mutex_init(&zmd->mblk_flush_lock);
+	spin_lock_init(&zmd->mblk_lock);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zmd->mblk_lru_list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zmd->mblk_dirty_list);
+
+	mutex_init(&zmd->map_lock);
+	atomic_set(&zmd->unmap_nr_rnd, 0);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zmd->unmap_rnd_list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zmd->map_rnd_list);
+
+	atomic_set(&zmd->unmap_nr_seq, 0);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zmd->unmap_seq_list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zmd->map_seq_list);
+
+	atomic_set(&zmd->nr_reserved_seq_zones, 0);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zmd->reserved_seq_zones_list);
+
+	init_waitqueue_head(&zmd->free_wq);
+
+	/* Initialize zone descriptors */
+	ret = dmz_init_zones(zmd);
+	if (ret)
+		goto err;
+
+	/* Get super block */
+	ret = dmz_load_sb(zmd);
+	if (ret)
+		goto err;
+
+	/* Set metadata zones starting from sb_zone */
+	zid = dmz_id(zmd, zmd->sb_zone);
+	for (i = 0; i < zmd->nr_meta_zones << 1; i++) {
+		zone = dmz_get(zmd, zid + i);
+		if (!dmz_is_rnd(zone))
+			goto err;
+		set_bit(DMZ_META, &zone->flags);
+	}
+
+	/* Load mapping table */
+	ret = dmz_load_mapping(zmd);
+	if (ret)
+		goto err;
+
+	/*
+	 * Cache size boundaries: allow at least 2 super blocks, the chunk map
+	 * blocks and enough blocks to be able to cache the bitmap blocks of
+	 * up to 16 zones when idle (min_nr_mblks). Otherwise, if busy, allow
+	 * the cache to add 512 more metadata blocks.
+	 */
+	zmd->min_nr_mblks = 2 + zmd->nr_map_blocks + zmd->zone_nr_bitmap_blocks * 16;
+	zmd->max_nr_mblks = zmd->min_nr_mblks + 512;
+	zmd->mblk_shrinker.count_objects = dmz_mblock_shrinker_count;
+	zmd->mblk_shrinker.scan_objects = dmz_mblock_shrinker_scan;
+	zmd->mblk_shrinker.seeks = DEFAULT_SEEKS;
+
+	/* Metadata cache shrinker */
+	ret = register_shrinker(&zmd->mblk_shrinker);
+	if (ret) {
+		dmz_dev_err(dev, "Register metadata cache shrinker failed");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	dmz_dev_info(dev, "Host-%s zoned block device",
+		     bdev_zoned_model(dev->bdev) == BLK_ZONED_HA ?
+		     "aware" : "managed");
+	dmz_dev_info(dev, "  %llu 512-byte logical sectors",
+		     (u64)dev->capacity);
+	dmz_dev_info(dev, "  %u zones of %llu 512-byte logical sectors",
+		     dev->nr_zones, (u64)dev->zone_nr_sectors);
+	dmz_dev_info(dev, "  %u metadata zones",
+		     zmd->nr_meta_zones * 2);
+	dmz_dev_info(dev, "  %u data zones for %u chunks",
+		     zmd->nr_data_zones, zmd->nr_chunks);
+	dmz_dev_info(dev, "    %u random zones (%u unmapped)",
+		     zmd->nr_rnd, atomic_read(&zmd->unmap_nr_rnd));
+	dmz_dev_info(dev, "    %u sequential zones (%u unmapped)",
+		     zmd->nr_seq, atomic_read(&zmd->unmap_nr_seq));
+	dmz_dev_info(dev, "  %u reserved sequential data zones",
+		     zmd->nr_reserved_seq);
+
+	dmz_dev_debug(dev, "Format:");
+	dmz_dev_debug(dev, "%u metadata blocks per set (%u max cache)",
+		      zmd->nr_meta_blocks, zmd->max_nr_mblks);
+	dmz_dev_debug(dev, "  %u data zone mapping blocks",
+		      zmd->nr_map_blocks);
+	dmz_dev_debug(dev, "  %u bitmap blocks",
+		      zmd->nr_bitmap_blocks);
+
+	*metadata = zmd;
+
+	return 0;
+err:
+	dmz_cleanup_metadata(zmd);
+	kfree(zmd);
+	*metadata = NULL;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Cleanup the zoned metadata resources.
+ */
+void dmz_dtr_metadata(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	unregister_shrinker(&zmd->mblk_shrinker);
+	dmz_cleanup_metadata(zmd);
+	kfree(zmd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check zone information on resume.
+ */
+int dmz_resume_metadata(struct dmz_metadata *zmd)
+{
+	struct dmz_dev *dev = zmd->dev;
+	struct dm_zone *zone;
+	sector_t wp_block;
+	unsigned int i;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Check zones */
+	for (i = 0; i < dev->nr_zones; i++) {
+		zone = dmz_get(zmd, i);
+		if (!zone) {
+			dmz_dev_err(dev, "Unable to get zone %u", i);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+
+		wp_block = zone->wp_block;
+
+		ret = dmz_update_zone(zmd, zone);
+		if (ret) {
+			dmz_dev_err(dev, "Broken zone %u", i);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		if (dmz_is_offline(zone)) {
+			dmz_dev_warn(dev, "Zone %u is offline", i);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Check write pointer */
+		if (!dmz_is_seq(zone))
+			zone->wp_block = 0;
+		else if (zone->wp_block != wp_block) {
+			dmz_dev_err(dev, "Zone %u: Invalid wp (%llu / %llu)",
+				    i, (u64)zone->wp_block, (u64)wp_block);
+			zone->wp_block = wp_block;
+			dmz_invalidate_blocks(zmd, zone, zone->wp_block,
+					      dev->zone_nr_blocks - zone->wp_block);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}