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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst | 227 |
1 files changed, 211 insertions, 16 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst b/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst index 80d5a5af62a1..eae6a36b1c9a 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst @@ -10,6 +10,37 @@ of a Trust Source for greater security, while Encrypted Keys can be used on any system. All user level blobs, are displayed and loaded in hex ASCII for convenience, and are integrity verified. +Trusted Keys as Protected key +============================= +It is the secure way of keeping the keys in the kernel key-ring as Trusted-Key, +such that: + +- Key-blob, an encrypted key-data, created to be stored, loaded and seen by + userspace. +- Key-data, the plain-key text in the system memory, to be used by + kernel space only. + +Though key-data is not accessible to the user-space in plain-text, but it is in +plain-text in system memory, when used in kernel space. Even though kernel-space +attracts small surface attack, but with compromised kernel or side-channel +attack accessing the system memory can lead to a chance of the key getting +compromised/leaked. + +In order to protect the key in kernel space, the concept of "protected-keys" is +introduced which will act as an added layer of protection. The key-data of the +protected keys is encrypted with Key-Encryption-Key(KEK), and decrypted inside +the trust source boundary. The plain-key text never available out-side in the +system memory. Thus, any crypto operation that is to be executed using the +protected key, can only be done by the trust source, which generated the +key blob. + +Hence, if the protected-key is leaked or compromised, it is of no use to the +hacker. + +Trusted keys as protected keys, with trust source having the capability of +generating: + +- Key-Blob, to be loaded, stored and seen by user-space. Trust Source ============ @@ -35,6 +66,21 @@ safe. Rooted to Hardware Unique Key (HUK) which is generally burnt in on-chip fuses and is accessible to TEE only. + (3) CAAM (Cryptographic Acceleration and Assurance Module: IP on NXP SoCs) + + When High Assurance Boot (HAB) is enabled and the CAAM is in secure + mode, trust is rooted to the OTPMK, a never-disclosed 256-bit key + randomly generated and fused into each SoC at manufacturing time. + Otherwise, a common fixed test key is used instead. + + (4) DCP (Data Co-Processor: crypto accelerator of various i.MX SoCs) + + Rooted to a one-time programmable key (OTP) that is generally burnt + in the on-chip fuses and is accessible to the DCP encryption engine only. + DCP provides two keys that can be used as root of trust: the OTP key + and the UNIQUE key. Default is to use the UNIQUE key, but selecting + the OTP key can be done via a module parameter (dcp_use_otp_key). + * Execution isolation (1) TPM @@ -46,6 +92,16 @@ safe. Customizable set of operations running in isolated execution environment verified via Secure/Trusted boot process. + (3) CAAM + + Fixed set of operations running in isolated execution environment. + + (4) DCP + + Fixed set of cryptographic operations running in isolated execution + environment. Only basic blob key encryption is executed there. + The actual key sealing/unsealing is done on main processor/kernel space. + * Optional binding to platform integrity state (1) TPM @@ -63,6 +119,16 @@ safe. Relies on Secure/Trusted boot process for platform integrity. It can be extended with TEE based measured boot process. + (3) CAAM + + Relies on the High Assurance Boot (HAB) mechanism of NXP SoCs + for platform integrity. + + (4) DCP + + Relies on Secure/Trusted boot process (called HAB by vendor) for + platform integrity. + * Interfaces and APIs (1) TPM @@ -72,12 +138,20 @@ safe. (2) TEE TEEs have well-documented, standardized client interface and APIs. For - more details refer to ``Documentation/staging/tee.rst``. + more details refer to ``Documentation/driver-api/tee.rst``. + + (3) CAAM + + Interface is specific to silicon vendor. + (4) DCP + + Vendor-specific API that is implemented as part of the DCP crypto driver in + ``drivers/crypto/mxs-dcp.c``. * Threat model - The strength and appropriateness of a particular TPM or TEE for a given + The strength and appropriateness of a particular trust source for a given purpose must be assessed when using them to protect security-relevant data. @@ -87,32 +161,50 @@ Key Generation Trusted Keys ------------ -New keys are created from random numbers generated in the trust source. They -are encrypted/decrypted using a child key in the storage key hierarchy. -Encryption and decryption of the child key must be protected by a strong -access control policy within the trust source. +New keys are created from random numbers. They are encrypted/decrypted using +a child key in the storage key hierarchy. Encryption and decryption of the +child key must be protected by a strong access control policy within the +trust source. The random number generator in use differs according to the +selected trust source: - * TPM (hardware device) based RNG + * TPM: hardware device based RNG - Strength of random numbers may vary from one device manufacturer to - another. + Keys are generated within the TPM. Strength of random numbers may vary + from one device manufacturer to another. - * TEE (OP-TEE based on Arm TrustZone) based RNG + * TEE: OP-TEE based on Arm TrustZone based RNG RNG is customizable as per platform needs. It can either be direct output from platform specific hardware RNG or a software based Fortuna CSPRNG which can be seeded via multiple entropy sources. + * CAAM: Kernel RNG + + The normal kernel random number generator is used. To seed it from the + CAAM HWRNG, enable CRYPTO_DEV_FSL_CAAM_RNG_API and ensure the device + is probed. + + * DCP (Data Co-Processor: crypto accelerator of various i.MX SoCs) + + The DCP hardware device itself does not provide a dedicated RNG interface, + so the kernel default RNG is used. SoCs with DCP like the i.MX6ULL do have + a dedicated hardware RNG that is independent from DCP which can be enabled + to back the kernel RNG. + +Users may override this by specifying ``trusted.rng=kernel`` on the kernel +command-line to override the used RNG with the kernel's random number pool. + Encrypted Keys -------------- Encrypted keys do not depend on a trust source, and are faster, as they use AES -for encryption/decryption. New keys are created from kernel-generated random -numbers, and are encrypted/decrypted using a specified ‘master’ key. The -‘master’ key can either be a trusted-key or user-key type. The main disadvantage -of encrypted keys is that if they are not rooted in a trusted key, they are only -as secure as the user key encrypting them. The master user key should therefore -be loaded in as secure a way as possible, preferably early in boot. +for encryption/decryption. New keys are created either from kernel-generated +random numbers or user-provided decrypted data, and are encrypted/decrypted +using a specified ‘master’ key. The ‘master’ key can either be a trusted-key or +user-key type. The main disadvantage of encrypted keys is that if they are not +rooted in a trusted key, they are only as secure as the user key encrypting +them. The master user key should therefore be loaded in as secure a way as +possible, preferably early in boot. Usage @@ -188,6 +280,47 @@ Usage:: specific to TEE device implementation. The key length for new keys is always in bytes. Trusted Keys can be 32 - 128 bytes (256 - 1024 bits). +Trusted Keys usage: CAAM +------------------------ + +Trusted Keys Usage:: + + keyctl add trusted name "new keylen" ring + keyctl add trusted name "load hex_blob" ring + keyctl print keyid + +"keyctl print" returns an ASCII hex copy of the sealed key, which is in a +CAAM-specific format. The key length for new keys is always in bytes. +Trusted Keys can be 32 - 128 bytes (256 - 1024 bits). + +Trusted Keys as Protected Keys Usage:: + + keyctl add trusted name "new keylen pk [options]" ring + keyctl add trusted name "load hex_blob [options]" ring + keyctl print keyid + + where, 'pk' is used to direct trust source to generate protected key. + + options: + key_enc_algo = For CAAM, supported enc algo are ECB(2), CCM(1). + +"keyctl print" returns an ASCII hex copy of the sealed key, which is in a +CAAM-specific format. The key length for new keys is always in bytes. +Trusted Keys can be 32 - 128 bytes (256 - 1024 bits). + +Trusted Keys usage: DCP +----------------------- + +Usage:: + + keyctl add trusted name "new keylen" ring + keyctl add trusted name "load hex_blob" ring + keyctl print keyid + +"keyctl print" returns an ASCII hex copy of the sealed key, which is in format +specific to this DCP key-blob implementation. The key length for new keys is +always in bytes. Trusted Keys can be 32 - 128 bytes (256 - 1024 bits). + Encrypted Keys usage -------------------- @@ -199,6 +332,8 @@ Usage:: keyctl add encrypted name "new [format] key-type:master-key-name keylen" ring + keyctl add encrypted name "new [format] key-type:master-key-name keylen + decrypted-data" ring keyctl add encrypted name "load hex_blob" ring keyctl update keyid "update key-type:master-key-name" @@ -254,6 +389,46 @@ Load a trusted key from the saved blob:: f1f8fff03ad0acb083725535636addb08d73dedb9832da198081e5deae84bfaf0409c22b e4a8aea2b607ec96931e6f4d4fe563ba +Create and save a trusted key as protected key named "kmk" of length 32 bytes. + +:: + + $ keyctl add trusted kmk "new 32 pk key_enc_algo=1" @u + 440502848 + + $ keyctl show + Session Keyring + -3 --alswrv 500 500 keyring: _ses + 97833714 --alswrv 500 -1 \_ keyring: _uid.500 + 440502848 --alswrv 500 500 \_ trusted: kmk + + $ keyctl print 440502848 + 0101000000000000000001005d01b7e3f4a6be5709930f3b70a743cbb42e0cc95e18e915 + 3f60da455bbf1144ad12e4f92b452f966929f6105fd29ca28e4d4d5a031d068478bacb0b + 27351119f822911b0a11ba3d3498ba6a32e50dac7f32894dd890eb9ad578e4e292c83722 + a52e56a097e6a68b3f56f7a52ece0cdccba1eb62cad7d817f6dc58898b3ac15f36026fec + d568bd4a706cb60bb37be6d8f1240661199d640b66fb0fe3b079f97f450b9ef9c22c6d5d + dd379f0facd1cd020281dfa3c70ba21a3fa6fc2471dc6d13ecf8298b946f65345faa5ef0 + f1f8fff03ad0acb083725535636addb08d73dedb9832da198081e5deae84bfaf0409c22b + e4a8aea2b607ec96931e6f4d4fe563ba + + $ keyctl pipe 440502848 > kmk.blob + +Load a trusted key from the saved blob:: + + $ keyctl add trusted kmk "load `cat kmk.blob` key_enc_algo=1" @u + 268728824 + + $ keyctl print 268728824 + 0101000000000000000001005d01b7e3f4a6be5709930f3b70a743cbb42e0cc95e18e915 + 3f60da455bbf1144ad12e4f92b452f966929f6105fd29ca28e4d4d5a031d068478bacb0b + 27351119f822911b0a11ba3d3498ba6a32e50dac7f32894dd890eb9ad578e4e292c83722 + a52e56a097e6a68b3f56f7a52ece0cdccba1eb62cad7d817f6dc58898b3ac15f36026fec + d568bd4a706cb60bb37be6d8f1240661199d640b66fb0fe3b079f97f450b9ef9c22c6d5d + dd379f0facd1cd020281dfa3c70ba21a3fa6fc2471dc6d13ecf8298b946f65345faa5ef0 + f1f8fff03ad0acb083725535636addb08d73dedb9832da198081e5deae84bfaf0409c22b + e4a8aea2b607ec96931e6f4d4fe563ba + Reseal (TPM specific) a trusted key under new PCR values:: $ keyctl update 268728824 "update pcrinfo=`cat pcr.blob`" @@ -303,6 +478,17 @@ Load an encrypted key "evm" from saved blob:: 82dbbc55be2a44616e4959430436dc4f2a7a9659aa60bb4652aeb2120f149ed197c564e0 24717c64 5972dcb82ab2dde83376d82b2e3c09ffc +Instantiate an encrypted key "evm" using user-provided decrypted data:: + + $ evmkey=$(dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1 count=32 | xxd -c32 -p) + $ keyctl add encrypted evm "new default user:kmk 32 $evmkey" @u + 794890253 + + $ keyctl print 794890253 + default user:kmk 32 2375725ad57798846a9bbd240de8906f006e66c03af53b1b382d + bbc55be2a44616e4959430436dc4f2a7a9659aa60bb4652aeb2120f149ed197c564e0247 + 17c64 5972dcb82ab2dde83376d82b2e3c09ffc + Other uses for trusted and encrypted keys, such as for disk and file encryption are anticipated. In particular the new format 'ecryptfs' has been defined in order to use encrypted keys to mount an eCryptfs filesystem. More details @@ -370,3 +556,12 @@ string length. privkey is the binary representation of TPM2B_PUBLIC excluding the initial TPM2B header which can be reconstructed from the ASN.1 octed string length. + +DCP Blob Format +--------------- + +.. kernel-doc:: security/keys/trusted-keys/trusted_dcp.c + :doc: dcp blob format + +.. kernel-doc:: security/keys/trusted-keys/trusted_dcp.c + :identifiers: struct dcp_blob_fmt |