17 files changed, 1725 insertions, 539 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/arraymap.c b/kernel/bpf/arraymap.c
index e5fd31268ae0..bd777dd6f967 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/arraymap.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/arraymap.c
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 #include "map_in_map.h"
 
 #define ARRAY_CREATE_FLAG_MASK \
-	(BPF_F_NUMA_NODE | BPF_F_MMAPABLE | BPF_F_ACCESS_MASK)
+	(BPF_F_NUMA_NODE | BPF_F_MMAPABLE | BPF_F_ACCESS_MASK | \
+	 BPF_F_PRESERVE_ELEMS)
 
 static void bpf_array_free_percpu(struct bpf_array *array)
 {
@@ -64,6 +65,10 @@ int array_map_alloc_check(union bpf_attr *attr)
 	    attr->map_flags & BPF_F_MMAPABLE)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	if (attr->map_type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY &&
+	    attr->map_flags & BPF_F_PRESERVE_ELEMS)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	if (attr->value_size > KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE)
 		/* if value_size is bigger, the user space won't be able to
 		 * access the elements.
@@ -1134,6 +1139,9 @@ static void perf_event_fd_array_release(struct bpf_map *map,
 	struct bpf_event_entry *ee;
 	int i;
 
+	if (map->map_flags & BPF_F_PRESERVE_ELEMS)
+		return;
+
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	for (i = 0; i < array->map.max_entries; i++) {
 		ee = READ_ONCE(array->ptrs[i]);
@@ -1143,12 +1151,19 @@ static void perf_event_fd_array_release(struct bpf_map *map,
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
 
+static void perf_event_fd_array_map_free(struct bpf_map *map)
+{
+	if (map->map_flags & BPF_F_PRESERVE_ELEMS)
+		bpf_fd_array_map_clear(map);
+	fd_array_map_free(map);
+}
+
 static int perf_event_array_map_btf_id;
 const struct bpf_map_ops perf_event_array_map_ops = {
 	.map_meta_equal = bpf_map_meta_equal,
 	.map_alloc_check = fd_array_map_alloc_check,
 	.map_alloc = array_map_alloc,
-	.map_free = fd_array_map_free,
+	.map_free = perf_event_fd_array_map_free,
 	.map_get_next_key = array_map_get_next_key,
 	.map_lookup_elem = fd_array_map_lookup_elem,
 	.map_delete_elem = fd_array_map_delete_elem,
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/bpf_iter.c b/kernel/bpf/bpf_iter.c
index 30833bbf3019..8f10e30ea0b0 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/bpf_iter.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/bpf_iter.c
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ static ssize_t bpf_seq_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size,
 	mutex_lock(&seq->lock);
 
 	if (!seq->buf) {
-		seq->size = PAGE_SIZE;
-		seq->buf = kmalloc(seq->size, GFP_KERNEL);
+		seq->size = PAGE_SIZE << 3;
+		seq->buf = kvmalloc(seq->size, GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!seq->buf) {
 			err = -ENOMEM;
 			goto done;
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c b/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
index 9cd1428c7199..78ea8a7bd27f 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/bpf_lsm.c
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ bpf_lsm_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	case BPF_FUNC_inode_storage_delete:
 		return &bpf_inode_storage_delete_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_sk_storage_get:
-		return &sk_storage_get_btf_proto;
+		return &bpf_sk_storage_get_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_sk_storage_delete:
-		return &sk_storage_delete_btf_proto;
+		return &bpf_sk_storage_delete_proto;
 	default:
 		return tracing_prog_func_proto(func_id, prog);
 	}
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/btf.c b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
index 5d3c36e13139..4d0ee7839fdb 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/btf.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
@@ -284,6 +284,91 @@ static const char *btf_type_str(const struct btf_type *t)
 	return btf_kind_str[BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)];
 }
 
+/* Chunk size we use in safe copy of data to be shown. */
+#define BTF_SHOW_OBJ_SAFE_SIZE		32
+
+/*
+ * This is the maximum size of a base type value (equivalent to a
+ * 128-bit int); if we are at the end of our safe buffer and have
+ * less than 16 bytes space we can't be assured of being able
+ * to copy the next type safely, so in such cases we will initiate
+ * a new copy.
+ */
+#define BTF_SHOW_OBJ_BASE_TYPE_SIZE	16
+
+/* Type name size */
+#define BTF_SHOW_NAME_SIZE		80
+
+/*
+ * Common data to all BTF show operations. Private show functions can add
+ * their own data to a structure containing a struct btf_show and consult it
+ * in the show callback.  See btf_type_show() below.
+ *
+ * One challenge with showing nested data is we want to skip 0-valued
+ * data, but in order to figure out whether a nested object is all zeros
+ * we need to walk through it.  As a result, we need to make two passes
+ * when handling structs, unions and arrays; the first path simply looks
+ * for nonzero data, while the second actually does the display.  The first
+ * pass is signalled by show->state.depth_check being set, and if we
+ * encounter a non-zero value we set show->state.depth_to_show to
+ * the depth at which we encountered it.  When we have completed the
+ * first pass, we will know if anything needs to be displayed if
+ * depth_to_show > depth.  See btf_[struct,array]_show() for the
+ * implementation of this.
+ *
+ * Another problem is we want to ensure the data for display is safe to
+ * access.  To support this, the anonymous "struct {} obj" tracks the data
+ * object and our safe copy of it.  We copy portions of the data needed
+ * to the object "copy" buffer, but because its size is limited to
+ * BTF_SHOW_OBJ_COPY_LEN bytes, multiple copies may be required as we
+ * traverse larger objects for display.
+ *
+ * The various data type show functions all start with a call to
+ * btf_show_start_type() which returns a pointer to the safe copy
+ * of the data needed (or if BTF_SHOW_UNSAFE is specified, to the
+ * raw data itself).  btf_show_obj_safe() is responsible for
+ * using copy_from_kernel_nofault() to update the safe data if necessary
+ * as we traverse the object's data.  skbuff-like semantics are
+ * used:
+ *
+ * - obj.head points to the start of the toplevel object for display
+ * - obj.size is the size of the toplevel object
+ * - obj.data points to the current point in the original data at
+ *   which our safe data starts.  obj.data will advance as we copy
+ *   portions of the data.
+ *
+ * In most cases a single copy will suffice, but larger data structures
+ * such as "struct task_struct" will require many copies.  The logic in
+ * btf_show_obj_safe() handles the logic that determines if a new
+ * copy_from_kernel_nofault() is needed.
+ */
+struct btf_show {
+	u64 flags;
+	void *target;	/* target of show operation (seq file, buffer) */
+	void (*showfn)(struct btf_show *show, const char *fmt, va_list args);
+	const struct btf *btf;
+	/* below are used during iteration */
+	struct {
+		u8 depth;
+		u8 depth_to_show;
+		u8 depth_check;
+		u8 array_member:1,
+		   array_terminated:1;
+		u16 array_encoding;
+		u32 type_id;
+		int status;			/* non-zero for error */
+		const struct btf_type *type;
+		const struct btf_member *member;
+		char name[BTF_SHOW_NAME_SIZE];	/* space for member name/type */
+	} state;
+	struct {
+		u32 size;
+		void *head;
+		void *data;
+		u8 safe[BTF_SHOW_OBJ_SAFE_SIZE];
+	} obj;
+};
+
 struct btf_kind_operations {
 	s32 (*check_meta)(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
 			  const struct btf_type *t,
@@ -300,9 +385,9 @@ struct btf_kind_operations {
 				  const struct btf_type *member_type);
 	void (*log_details)(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
 			    const struct btf_type *t);
-	void (*seq_show)(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
+	void (*show)(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
 			 u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offsets,
-			 struct seq_file *m);
+			 struct btf_show *show);
 };
 
 static const struct btf_kind_operations * const kind_ops[NR_BTF_KINDS];
@@ -679,6 +764,488 @@ bool btf_member_is_reg_int(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *s,
 	return true;
 }
 
+/* Similar to btf_type_skip_modifiers() but does not skip typedefs. */
+static const struct btf_type *btf_type_skip_qualifiers(const struct btf *btf,
+						       u32 id)
+{
+	const struct btf_type *t = btf_type_by_id(btf, id);
+
+	while (btf_type_is_modifier(t) &&
+	       BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) != BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF) {
+		id = t->type;
+		t = btf_type_by_id(btf, t->type);
+	}
+
+	return t;
+}
+
+#define BTF_SHOW_MAX_ITER	10
+
+#define BTF_KIND_BIT(kind)	(1ULL << kind)
+
+/*
+ * Populate show->state.name with type name information.
+ * Format of type name is
+ *
+ * [.member_name = ] (type_name)
+ */
+static const char *btf_show_name(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	/* BTF_MAX_ITER array suffixes "[]" */
+	const char *array_suffixes = "[][][][][][][][][][]";
+	const char *array_suffix = &array_suffixes[strlen(array_suffixes)];
+	/* BTF_MAX_ITER pointer suffixes "*" */
+	const char *ptr_suffixes = "**********";
+	const char *ptr_suffix = &ptr_suffixes[strlen(ptr_suffixes)];
+	const char *name = NULL, *prefix = "", *parens = "";
+	const struct btf_member *m = show->state.member;
+	const struct btf_type *t = show->state.type;
+	const struct btf_array *array;
+	u32 id = show->state.type_id;
+	const char *member = NULL;
+	bool show_member = false;
+	u64 kinds = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	show->state.name[0] = '\0';
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't show type name if we're showing an array member;
+	 * in that case we show the array type so don't need to repeat
+	 * ourselves for each member.
+	 */
+	if (show->state.array_member)
+		return "";
+
+	/* Retrieve member name, if any. */
+	if (m) {
+		member = btf_name_by_offset(show->btf, m->name_off);
+		show_member = strlen(member) > 0;
+		id = m->type;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Start with type_id, as we have resolved the struct btf_type *
+	 * via btf_modifier_show() past the parent typedef to the child
+	 * struct, int etc it is defined as.  In such cases, the type_id
+	 * still represents the starting type while the struct btf_type *
+	 * in our show->state points at the resolved type of the typedef.
+	 */
+	t = btf_type_by_id(show->btf, id);
+	if (!t)
+		return "";
+
+	/*
+	 * The goal here is to build up the right number of pointer and
+	 * array suffixes while ensuring the type name for a typedef
+	 * is represented.  Along the way we accumulate a list of
+	 * BTF kinds we have encountered, since these will inform later
+	 * display; for example, pointer types will not require an
+	 * opening "{" for struct, we will just display the pointer value.
+	 *
+	 * We also want to accumulate the right number of pointer or array
+	 * indices in the format string while iterating until we get to
+	 * the typedef/pointee/array member target type.
+	 *
+	 * We start by pointing at the end of pointer and array suffix
+	 * strings; as we accumulate pointers and arrays we move the pointer
+	 * or array string backwards so it will show the expected number of
+	 * '*' or '[]' for the type.  BTF_SHOW_MAX_ITER of nesting of pointers
+	 * and/or arrays and typedefs are supported as a precaution.
+	 *
+	 * We also want to get typedef name while proceeding to resolve
+	 * type it points to so that we can add parentheses if it is a
+	 * "typedef struct" etc.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < BTF_SHOW_MAX_ITER; i++) {
+
+		switch (BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)) {
+		case BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF:
+			if (!name)
+				name = btf_name_by_offset(show->btf,
+							       t->name_off);
+			kinds |= BTF_KIND_BIT(BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF);
+			id = t->type;
+			break;
+		case BTF_KIND_ARRAY:
+			kinds |= BTF_KIND_BIT(BTF_KIND_ARRAY);
+			parens = "[";
+			if (!t)
+				return "";
+			array = btf_type_array(t);
+			if (array_suffix > array_suffixes)
+				array_suffix -= 2;
+			id = array->type;
+			break;
+		case BTF_KIND_PTR:
+			kinds |= BTF_KIND_BIT(BTF_KIND_PTR);
+			if (ptr_suffix > ptr_suffixes)
+				ptr_suffix -= 1;
+			id = t->type;
+			break;
+		default:
+			id = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!id)
+			break;
+		t = btf_type_skip_qualifiers(show->btf, id);
+	}
+	/* We may not be able to represent this type; bail to be safe */
+	if (i == BTF_SHOW_MAX_ITER)
+		return "";
+
+	if (!name)
+		name = btf_name_by_offset(show->btf, t->name_off);
+
+	switch (BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)) {
+	case BTF_KIND_STRUCT:
+	case BTF_KIND_UNION:
+		prefix = BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) == BTF_KIND_STRUCT ?
+			 "struct" : "union";
+		/* if it's an array of struct/union, parens is already set */
+		if (!(kinds & (BTF_KIND_BIT(BTF_KIND_ARRAY))))
+			parens = "{";
+		break;
+	case BTF_KIND_ENUM:
+		prefix = "enum";
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* pointer does not require parens */
+	if (kinds & BTF_KIND_BIT(BTF_KIND_PTR))
+		parens = "";
+	/* typedef does not require struct/union/enum prefix */
+	if (kinds & BTF_KIND_BIT(BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF))
+		prefix = "";
+
+	if (!name)
+		name = "";
+
+	/* Even if we don't want type name info, we want parentheses etc */
+	if (show->flags & BTF_SHOW_NONAME)
+		snprintf(show->state.name, sizeof(show->state.name), "%s",
+			 parens);
+	else
+		snprintf(show->state.name, sizeof(show->state.name),
+			 "%s%s%s(%s%s%s%s%s%s)%s",
+			 /* first 3 strings comprise ".member = " */
+			 show_member ? "." : "",
+			 show_member ? member : "",
+			 show_member ? " = " : "",
+			 /* ...next is our prefix (struct, enum, etc) */
+			 prefix,
+			 strlen(prefix) > 0 && strlen(name) > 0 ? " " : "",
+			 /* ...this is the type name itself */
+			 name,
+			 /* ...suffixed by the appropriate '*', '[]' suffixes */
+			 strlen(ptr_suffix) > 0 ? " " : "", ptr_suffix,
+			 array_suffix, parens);
+
+	return show->state.name;
+}
+
+static const char *__btf_show_indent(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	const char *indents = "                                ";
+	const char *indent = &indents[strlen(indents)];
+
+	if ((indent - show->state.depth) >= indents)
+		return indent - show->state.depth;
+	return indents;
+}
+
+static const char *btf_show_indent(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	return show->flags & BTF_SHOW_COMPACT ? "" : __btf_show_indent(show);
+}
+
+static const char *btf_show_newline(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	return show->flags & BTF_SHOW_COMPACT ? "" : "\n";
+}
+
+static const char *btf_show_delim(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	if (show->state.depth == 0)
+		return "";
+
+	if ((show->flags & BTF_SHOW_COMPACT) && show->state.type &&
+		BTF_INFO_KIND(show->state.type->info) == BTF_KIND_UNION)
+		return "|";
+
+	return ",";
+}
+
+__printf(2, 3) static void btf_show(struct btf_show *show, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+
+	if (!show->state.depth_check) {
+		va_start(args, fmt);
+		show->showfn(show, fmt, args);
+		va_end(args);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Macros are used here as btf_show_type_value[s]() prepends and appends
+ * format specifiers to the format specifier passed in; these do the work of
+ * adding indentation, delimiters etc while the caller simply has to specify
+ * the type value(s) in the format specifier + value(s).
+ */
+#define btf_show_type_value(show, fmt, value)				       \
+	do {								       \
+		if ((value) != 0 || (show->flags & BTF_SHOW_ZERO) ||	       \
+		    show->state.depth == 0) {				       \
+			btf_show(show, "%s%s" fmt "%s%s",		       \
+				 btf_show_indent(show),			       \
+				 btf_show_name(show),			       \
+				 value, btf_show_delim(show),		       \
+				 btf_show_newline(show));		       \
+			if (show->state.depth > show->state.depth_to_show)     \
+				show->state.depth_to_show = show->state.depth; \
+		}							       \
+	} while (0)
+
+#define btf_show_type_values(show, fmt, ...)				       \
+	do {								       \
+		btf_show(show, "%s%s" fmt "%s%s", btf_show_indent(show),       \
+			 btf_show_name(show),				       \
+			 __VA_ARGS__, btf_show_delim(show),		       \
+			 btf_show_newline(show));			       \
+		if (show->state.depth > show->state.depth_to_show)	       \
+			show->state.depth_to_show = show->state.depth;	       \
+	} while (0)
+
+/* How much is left to copy to safe buffer after @data? */
+static int btf_show_obj_size_left(struct btf_show *show, void *data)
+{
+	return show->obj.head + show->obj.size - data;
+}
+
+/* Is object pointed to by @data of @size already copied to our safe buffer? */
+static bool btf_show_obj_is_safe(struct btf_show *show, void *data, int size)
+{
+	return data >= show->obj.data &&
+	       (data + size) < (show->obj.data + BTF_SHOW_OBJ_SAFE_SIZE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If object pointed to by @data of @size falls within our safe buffer, return
+ * the equivalent pointer to the same safe data.  Assumes
+ * copy_from_kernel_nofault() has already happened and our safe buffer is
+ * populated.
+ */
+static void *__btf_show_obj_safe(struct btf_show *show, void *data, int size)
+{
+	if (btf_show_obj_is_safe(show, data, size))
+		return show->obj.safe + (data - show->obj.data);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a safe-to-access version of data pointed to by @data.
+ * We do this by copying the relevant amount of information
+ * to the struct btf_show obj.safe buffer using copy_from_kernel_nofault().
+ *
+ * If BTF_SHOW_UNSAFE is specified, just return data as-is; no
+ * safe copy is needed.
+ *
+ * Otherwise we need to determine if we have the required amount
+ * of data (determined by the @data pointer and the size of the
+ * largest base type we can encounter (represented by
+ * BTF_SHOW_OBJ_BASE_TYPE_SIZE). Having that much data ensures
+ * that we will be able to print some of the current object,
+ * and if more is needed a copy will be triggered.
+ * Some objects such as structs will not fit into the buffer;
+ * in such cases additional copies when we iterate over their
+ * members may be needed.
+ *
+ * btf_show_obj_safe() is used to return a safe buffer for
+ * btf_show_start_type(); this ensures that as we recurse into
+ * nested types we always have safe data for the given type.
+ * This approach is somewhat wasteful; it's possible for example
+ * that when iterating over a large union we'll end up copying the
+ * same data repeatedly, but the goal is safety not performance.
+ * We use stack data as opposed to per-CPU buffers because the
+ * iteration over a type can take some time, and preemption handling
+ * would greatly complicate use of the safe buffer.
+ */
+static void *btf_show_obj_safe(struct btf_show *show,
+			       const struct btf_type *t,
+			       void *data)
+{
+	const struct btf_type *rt;
+	int size_left, size;
+	void *safe = NULL;
+
+	if (show->flags & BTF_SHOW_UNSAFE)
+		return data;
+
+	rt = btf_resolve_size(show->btf, t, &size);
+	if (IS_ERR(rt)) {
+		show->state.status = PTR_ERR(rt);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Is this toplevel object? If so, set total object size and
+	 * initialize pointers.  Otherwise check if we still fall within
+	 * our safe object data.
+	 */
+	if (show->state.depth == 0) {
+		show->obj.size = size;
+		show->obj.head = data;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * If the size of the current object is > our remaining
+		 * safe buffer we _may_ need to do a new copy.  However
+		 * consider the case of a nested struct; it's size pushes
+		 * us over the safe buffer limit, but showing any individual
+		 * struct members does not.  In such cases, we don't need
+		 * to initiate a fresh copy yet; however we definitely need
+		 * at least BTF_SHOW_OBJ_BASE_TYPE_SIZE bytes left
+		 * in our buffer, regardless of the current object size.
+		 * The logic here is that as we resolve types we will
+		 * hit a base type at some point, and we need to be sure
+		 * the next chunk of data is safely available to display
+		 * that type info safely.  We cannot rely on the size of
+		 * the current object here because it may be much larger
+		 * than our current buffer (e.g. task_struct is 8k).
+		 * All we want to do here is ensure that we can print the
+		 * next basic type, which we can if either
+		 * - the current type size is within the safe buffer; or
+		 * - at least BTF_SHOW_OBJ_BASE_TYPE_SIZE bytes are left in
+		 *   the safe buffer.
+		 */
+		safe = __btf_show_obj_safe(show, data,
+					   min(size,
+					       BTF_SHOW_OBJ_BASE_TYPE_SIZE));
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We need a new copy to our safe object, either because we haven't
+	 * yet copied and are intializing safe data, or because the data
+	 * we want falls outside the boundaries of the safe object.
+	 */
+	if (!safe) {
+		size_left = btf_show_obj_size_left(show, data);
+		if (size_left > BTF_SHOW_OBJ_SAFE_SIZE)
+			size_left = BTF_SHOW_OBJ_SAFE_SIZE;
+		show->state.status = copy_from_kernel_nofault(show->obj.safe,
+							      data, size_left);
+		if (!show->state.status) {
+			show->obj.data = data;
+			safe = show->obj.safe;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return safe;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set the type we are starting to show and return a safe data pointer
+ * to be used for showing the associated data.
+ */
+static void *btf_show_start_type(struct btf_show *show,
+				 const struct btf_type *t,
+				 u32 type_id, void *data)
+{
+	show->state.type = t;
+	show->state.type_id = type_id;
+	show->state.name[0] = '\0';
+
+	return btf_show_obj_safe(show, t, data);
+}
+
+static void btf_show_end_type(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	show->state.type = NULL;
+	show->state.type_id = 0;
+	show->state.name[0] = '\0';
+}
+
+static void *btf_show_start_aggr_type(struct btf_show *show,
+				      const struct btf_type *t,
+				      u32 type_id, void *data)
+{
+	void *safe_data = btf_show_start_type(show, t, type_id, data);
+
+	if (!safe_data)
+		return safe_data;
+
+	btf_show(show, "%s%s%s", btf_show_indent(show),
+		 btf_show_name(show),
+		 btf_show_newline(show));
+	show->state.depth++;
+	return safe_data;
+}
+
+static void btf_show_end_aggr_type(struct btf_show *show,
+				   const char *suffix)
+{
+	show->state.depth--;
+	btf_show(show, "%s%s%s%s", btf_show_indent(show), suffix,
+		 btf_show_delim(show), btf_show_newline(show));
+	btf_show_end_type(show);
+}
+
+static void btf_show_start_member(struct btf_show *show,
+				  const struct btf_member *m)
+{
+	show->state.member = m;
+}
+
+static void btf_show_start_array_member(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	show->state.array_member = 1;
+	btf_show_start_member(show, NULL);
+}
+
+static void btf_show_end_member(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	show->state.member = NULL;
+}
+
+static void btf_show_end_array_member(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	show->state.array_member = 0;
+	btf_show_end_member(show);
+}
+
+static void *btf_show_start_array_type(struct btf_show *show,
+				       const struct btf_type *t,
+				       u32 type_id,
+				       u16 array_encoding,
+				       void *data)
+{
+	show->state.array_encoding = array_encoding;
+	show->state.array_terminated = 0;
+	return btf_show_start_aggr_type(show, t, type_id, data);
+}
+
+static void btf_show_end_array_type(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	show->state.array_encoding = 0;
+	show->state.array_terminated = 0;
+	btf_show_end_aggr_type(show, "]");
+}
+
+static void *btf_show_start_struct_type(struct btf_show *show,
+					const struct btf_type *t,
+					u32 type_id,
+					void *data)
+{
+	return btf_show_start_aggr_type(show, t, type_id, data);
+}
+
+static void btf_show_end_struct_type(struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	btf_show_end_aggr_type(show, "}");
+}
+
 __printf(2, 3) static void __btf_verifier_log(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 					      const char *fmt, ...)
 {
@@ -1268,11 +1835,11 @@ static int btf_df_resolve(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
-static void btf_df_seq_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
-			    u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offsets,
-			    struct seq_file *m)
+static void btf_df_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
+			u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offsets,
+			struct btf_show *show)
 {
-	seq_printf(m, "<unsupported kind:%u>", BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info));
+	btf_show(show, "<unsupported kind:%u>", BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info));
 }
 
 static int btf_int_check_member(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -1445,7 +2012,7 @@ static void btf_int_log(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
 			 btf_int_encoding_str(BTF_INT_ENCODING(int_data)));
 }
 
-static void btf_int128_print(struct seq_file *m, void *data)
+static void btf_int128_print(struct btf_show *show, void *data)
 {
 	/* data points to a __int128 number.
 	 * Suppose
@@ -1464,9 +2031,10 @@ static void btf_int128_print(struct seq_file *m, void *data)
 	lower_num = *(u64 *)data;
 #endif
 	if (upper_num == 0)
-		seq_printf(m, "0x%llx", lower_num);
+		btf_show_type_value(show, "0x%llx", lower_num);
 	else
-		seq_printf(m, "0x%llx%016llx", upper_num, lower_num);
+		btf_show_type_values(show, "0x%llx%016llx", upper_num,
+				     lower_num);
 }
 
 static void btf_int128_shift(u64 *print_num, u16 left_shift_bits,
@@ -1510,8 +2078,8 @@ static void btf_int128_shift(u64 *print_num, u16 left_shift_bits,
 #endif
 }
 
-static void btf_bitfield_seq_show(void *data, u8 bits_offset,
-				  u8 nr_bits, struct seq_file *m)
+static void btf_bitfield_show(void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			      u8 nr_bits, struct btf_show *show)
 {
 	u16 left_shift_bits, right_shift_bits;
 	u8 nr_copy_bytes;
@@ -1531,14 +2099,14 @@ static void btf_bitfield_seq_show(void *data, u8 bits_offset,
 	right_shift_bits = BITS_PER_U128 - nr_bits;
 
 	btf_int128_shift(print_num, left_shift_bits, right_shift_bits);
-	btf_int128_print(m, print_num);
+	btf_int128_print(show, print_num);
 }
 
 
-static void btf_int_bits_seq_show(const struct btf *btf,
-				  const struct btf_type *t,
-				  void *data, u8 bits_offset,
-				  struct seq_file *m)
+static void btf_int_bits_show(const struct btf *btf,
+			      const struct btf_type *t,
+			      void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			      struct btf_show *show)
 {
 	u32 int_data = btf_type_int(t);
 	u8 nr_bits = BTF_INT_BITS(int_data);
@@ -1551,55 +2119,77 @@ static void btf_int_bits_seq_show(const struct btf *btf,
 	total_bits_offset = bits_offset + BTF_INT_OFFSET(int_data);
 	data += BITS_ROUNDDOWN_BYTES(total_bits_offset);
 	bits_offset = BITS_PER_BYTE_MASKED(total_bits_offset);
-	btf_bitfield_seq_show(data, bits_offset, nr_bits, m);
+	btf_bitfield_show(data, bits_offset, nr_bits, show);
 }
 
-static void btf_int_seq_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
-			     u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
-			     struct seq_file *m)
+static void btf_int_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
+			 u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			 struct btf_show *show)
 {
 	u32 int_data = btf_type_int(t);
 	u8 encoding = BTF_INT_ENCODING(int_data);
 	bool sign = encoding & BTF_INT_SIGNED;
 	u8 nr_bits = BTF_INT_BITS(int_data);
+	void *safe_data;
+
+	safe_data = btf_show_start_type(show, t, type_id, data);
+	if (!safe_data)
+		return;
 
 	if (bits_offset || BTF_INT_OFFSET(int_data) ||
 	    BITS_PER_BYTE_MASKED(nr_bits)) {
-		btf_int_bits_seq_show(btf, t, data, bits_offset, m);
-		return;
+		btf_int_bits_show(btf, t, safe_data, bits_offset, show);
+		goto out;
 	}
 
 	switch (nr_bits) {
 	case 128:
-		btf_int128_print(m, data);
+		btf_int128_print(show, safe_data);
 		break;
 	case 64:
 		if (sign)
-			seq_printf(m, "%lld", *(s64 *)data);
+			btf_show_type_value(show, "%lld", *(s64 *)safe_data);
 		else
-			seq_printf(m, "%llu", *(u64 *)data);
+			btf_show_type_value(show, "%llu", *(u64 *)safe_data);
 		break;
 	case 32:
 		if (sign)
-			seq_printf(m, "%d", *(s32 *)data);
+			btf_show_type_value(show, "%d", *(s32 *)safe_data);
 		else
-			seq_printf(m, "%u", *(u32 *)data);
+			btf_show_type_value(show, "%u", *(u32 *)safe_data);
 		break;
 	case 16:
 		if (sign)
-			seq_printf(m, "%d", *(s16 *)data);
+			btf_show_type_value(show, "%d", *(s16 *)safe_data);
 		else
-			seq_printf(m, "%u", *(u16 *)data);
+			btf_show_type_value(show, "%u", *(u16 *)safe_data);
 		break;
 	case 8:
+		if (show->state.array_encoding == BTF_INT_CHAR) {
+			/* check for null terminator */
+			if (show->state.array_terminated)
+				break;
+			if (*(char *)data == '\0') {
+				show->state.array_terminated = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (isprint(*(char *)data)) {
+				btf_show_type_value(show, "'%c'",
+						    *(char *)safe_data);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
 		if (sign)
-			seq_printf(m, "%d", *(s8 *)data);
+			btf_show_type_value(show, "%d", *(s8 *)safe_data);
 		else
-			seq_printf(m, "%u", *(u8 *)data);
+			btf_show_type_value(show, "%u", *(u8 *)safe_data);
 		break;
 	default:
-		btf_int_bits_seq_show(btf, t, data, bits_offset, m);
+		btf_int_bits_show(btf, t, safe_data, bits_offset, show);
+		break;
 	}
+out:
+	btf_show_end_type(show);
 }
 
 static const struct btf_kind_operations int_ops = {
@@ -1608,7 +2198,7 @@ static const struct btf_kind_operations int_ops = {
 	.check_member = btf_int_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member = btf_int_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details = btf_int_log,
-	.seq_show = btf_int_seq_show,
+	.show = btf_int_show,
 };
 
 static int btf_modifier_check_member(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -1872,34 +2462,44 @@ static int btf_ptr_resolve(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void btf_modifier_seq_show(const struct btf *btf,
-				  const struct btf_type *t,
-				  u32 type_id, void *data,
-				  u8 bits_offset, struct seq_file *m)
+static void btf_modifier_show(const struct btf *btf,
+			      const struct btf_type *t,
+			      u32 type_id, void *data,
+			      u8 bits_offset, struct btf_show *show)
 {
 	if (btf->resolved_ids)
 		t = btf_type_id_resolve(btf, &type_id);
 	else
 		t = btf_type_skip_modifiers(btf, type_id, NULL);
 
-	btf_type_ops(t)->seq_show(btf, t, type_id, data, bits_offset, m);
+	btf_type_ops(t)->show(btf, t, type_id, data, bits_offset, show);
 }
 
-static void btf_var_seq_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
-			     u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
-			     struct seq_file *m)
+static void btf_var_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
+			 u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			 struct btf_show *show)
 {
 	t = btf_type_id_resolve(btf, &type_id);
 
-	btf_type_ops(t)->seq_show(btf, t, type_id, data, bits_offset, m);
+	btf_type_ops(t)->show(btf, t, type_id, data, bits_offset, show);
 }
 
-static void btf_ptr_seq_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
-			     u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
-			     struct seq_file *m)
+static void btf_ptr_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
+			 u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			 struct btf_show *show)
 {
-	/* It is a hashed value */
-	seq_printf(m, "%p", *(void **)data);
+	void *safe_data;
+
+	safe_data = btf_show_start_type(show, t, type_id, data);
+	if (!safe_data)
+		return;
+
+	/* It is a hashed value unless BTF_SHOW_PTR_RAW is specified */
+	if (show->flags & BTF_SHOW_PTR_RAW)
+		btf_show_type_value(show, "0x%px", *(void **)safe_data);
+	else
+		btf_show_type_value(show, "0x%p", *(void **)safe_data);
+	btf_show_end_type(show);
 }
 
 static void btf_ref_type_log(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -1914,7 +2514,7 @@ static struct btf_kind_operations modifier_ops = {
 	.check_member = btf_modifier_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member = btf_modifier_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details = btf_ref_type_log,
-	.seq_show = btf_modifier_seq_show,
+	.show = btf_modifier_show,
 };
 
 static struct btf_kind_operations ptr_ops = {
@@ -1923,7 +2523,7 @@ static struct btf_kind_operations ptr_ops = {
 	.check_member = btf_ptr_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member = btf_generic_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details = btf_ref_type_log,
-	.seq_show = btf_ptr_seq_show,
+	.show = btf_ptr_show,
 };
 
 static s32 btf_fwd_check_meta(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -1964,7 +2564,7 @@ static struct btf_kind_operations fwd_ops = {
 	.check_member = btf_df_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member = btf_df_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details = btf_fwd_type_log,
-	.seq_show = btf_df_seq_show,
+	.show = btf_df_show,
 };
 
 static int btf_array_check_member(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -2123,28 +2723,90 @@ static void btf_array_log(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
 			 array->type, array->index_type, array->nelems);
 }
 
-static void btf_array_seq_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
-			       u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
-			       struct seq_file *m)
+static void __btf_array_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
+			     u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			     struct btf_show *show)
 {
 	const struct btf_array *array = btf_type_array(t);
 	const struct btf_kind_operations *elem_ops;
 	const struct btf_type *elem_type;
-	u32 i, elem_size, elem_type_id;
+	u32 i, elem_size = 0, elem_type_id;
+	u16 encoding = 0;
 
 	elem_type_id = array->type;
-	elem_type = btf_type_id_size(btf, &elem_type_id, &elem_size);
+	elem_type = btf_type_skip_modifiers(btf, elem_type_id, NULL);
+	if (elem_type && btf_type_has_size(elem_type))
+		elem_size = elem_type->size;
+
+	if (elem_type && btf_type_is_int(elem_type)) {
+		u32 int_type = btf_type_int(elem_type);
+
+		encoding = BTF_INT_ENCODING(int_type);
+
+		/*
+		 * BTF_INT_CHAR encoding never seems to be set for
+		 * char arrays, so if size is 1 and element is
+		 * printable as a char, we'll do that.
+		 */
+		if (elem_size == 1)
+			encoding = BTF_INT_CHAR;
+	}
+
+	if (!btf_show_start_array_type(show, t, type_id, encoding, data))
+		return;
+
+	if (!elem_type)
+		goto out;
 	elem_ops = btf_type_ops(elem_type);
-	seq_puts(m, "[");
+
 	for (i = 0; i < array->nelems; i++) {
-		if (i)
-			seq_puts(m, ",");
 
-		elem_ops->seq_show(btf, elem_type, elem_type_id, data,
-				   bits_offset, m);
+		btf_show_start_array_member(show);
+
+		elem_ops->show(btf, elem_type, elem_type_id, data,
+			       bits_offset, show);
 		data += elem_size;
+
+		btf_show_end_array_member(show);
+
+		if (show->state.array_terminated)
+			break;
+	}
+out:
+	btf_show_end_array_type(show);
+}
+
+static void btf_array_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
+			   u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			   struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	const struct btf_member *m = show->state.member;
+
+	/*
+	 * First check if any members would be shown (are non-zero).
+	 * See comments above "struct btf_show" definition for more
+	 * details on how this works at a high-level.
+	 */
+	if (show->state.depth > 0 && !(show->flags & BTF_SHOW_ZERO)) {
+		if (!show->state.depth_check) {
+			show->state.depth_check = show->state.depth + 1;
+			show->state.depth_to_show = 0;
+		}
+		__btf_array_show(btf, t, type_id, data, bits_offset, show);
+		show->state.member = m;
+
+		if (show->state.depth_check != show->state.depth + 1)
+			return;
+		show->state.depth_check = 0;
+
+		if (show->state.depth_to_show <= show->state.depth)
+			return;
+		/*
+		 * Reaching here indicates we have recursed and found
+		 * non-zero array member(s).
+		 */
 	}
-	seq_puts(m, "]");
+	__btf_array_show(btf, t, type_id, data, bits_offset, show);
 }
 
 static struct btf_kind_operations array_ops = {
@@ -2153,7 +2815,7 @@ static struct btf_kind_operations array_ops = {
 	.check_member = btf_array_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member = btf_generic_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details = btf_array_log,
-	.seq_show = btf_array_seq_show,
+	.show = btf_array_show,
 };
 
 static int btf_struct_check_member(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -2376,15 +3038,18 @@ int btf_find_spin_lock(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t)
 	return off;
 }
 
-static void btf_struct_seq_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
-				u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
-				struct seq_file *m)
+static void __btf_struct_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
+			      u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			      struct btf_show *show)
 {
-	const char *seq = BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) == BTF_KIND_UNION ? "|" : ",";
 	const struct btf_member *member;
+	void *safe_data;
 	u32 i;
 
-	seq_puts(m, "{");
+	safe_data = btf_show_start_struct_type(show, t, type_id, data);
+	if (!safe_data)
+		return;
+
 	for_each_member(i, t, member) {
 		const struct btf_type *member_type = btf_type_by_id(btf,
 								member->type);
@@ -2393,23 +3058,65 @@ static void btf_struct_seq_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
 		u32 bytes_offset;
 		u8 bits8_offset;
 
-		if (i)
-			seq_puts(m, seq);
+		btf_show_start_member(show, member);
 
 		member_offset = btf_member_bit_offset(t, member);
 		bitfield_size = btf_member_bitfield_size(t, member);
 		bytes_offset = BITS_ROUNDDOWN_BYTES(member_offset);
 		bits8_offset = BITS_PER_BYTE_MASKED(member_offset);
 		if (bitfield_size) {
-			btf_bitfield_seq_show(data + bytes_offset, bits8_offset,
-					      bitfield_size, m);
+			safe_data = btf_show_start_type(show, member_type,
+							member->type,
+							data + bytes_offset);
+			if (safe_data)
+				btf_bitfield_show(safe_data,
+						  bits8_offset,
+						  bitfield_size, show);
+			btf_show_end_type(show);
 		} else {
 			ops = btf_type_ops(member_type);
-			ops->seq_show(btf, member_type, member->type,
-				      data + bytes_offset, bits8_offset, m);
+			ops->show(btf, member_type, member->type,
+				  data + bytes_offset, bits8_offset, show);
 		}
+
+		btf_show_end_member(show);
 	}
-	seq_puts(m, "}");
+
+	btf_show_end_struct_type(show);
+}
+
+static void btf_struct_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
+			    u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			    struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	const struct btf_member *m = show->state.member;
+
+	/*
+	 * First check if any members would be shown (are non-zero).
+	 * See comments above "struct btf_show" definition for more
+	 * details on how this works at a high-level.
+	 */
+	if (show->state.depth > 0 && !(show->flags & BTF_SHOW_ZERO)) {
+		if (!show->state.depth_check) {
+			show->state.depth_check = show->state.depth + 1;
+			show->state.depth_to_show = 0;
+		}
+		__btf_struct_show(btf, t, type_id, data, bits_offset, show);
+		/* Restore saved member data here */
+		show->state.member = m;
+		if (show->state.depth_check != show->state.depth + 1)
+			return;
+		show->state.depth_check = 0;
+
+		if (show->state.depth_to_show <= show->state.depth)
+			return;
+		/*
+		 * Reaching here indicates we have recursed and found
+		 * non-zero child values.
+		 */
+	}
+
+	__btf_struct_show(btf, t, type_id, data, bits_offset, show);
 }
 
 static struct btf_kind_operations struct_ops = {
@@ -2418,7 +3125,7 @@ static struct btf_kind_operations struct_ops = {
 	.check_member = btf_struct_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member = btf_generic_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details = btf_struct_log,
-	.seq_show = btf_struct_seq_show,
+	.show = btf_struct_show,
 };
 
 static int btf_enum_check_member(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -2549,24 +3256,35 @@ static void btf_enum_log(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
 	btf_verifier_log(env, "size=%u vlen=%u", t->size, btf_type_vlen(t));
 }
 
-static void btf_enum_seq_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
-			      u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
-			      struct seq_file *m)
+static void btf_enum_show(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *t,
+			  u32 type_id, void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			  struct btf_show *show)
 {
 	const struct btf_enum *enums = btf_type_enum(t);
 	u32 i, nr_enums = btf_type_vlen(t);
-	int v = *(int *)data;
+	void *safe_data;
+	int v;
+
+	safe_data = btf_show_start_type(show, t, type_id, data);
+	if (!safe_data)
+		return;
+
+	v = *(int *)safe_data;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_enums; i++) {
-		if (v == enums[i].val) {
-			seq_printf(m, "%s",
-				   __btf_name_by_offset(btf,
-							enums[i].name_off));
-			return;
-		}
+		if (v != enums[i].val)
+			continue;
+
+		btf_show_type_value(show, "%s",
+				    __btf_name_by_offset(btf,
+							 enums[i].name_off));
+
+		btf_show_end_type(show);
+		return;
 	}
 
-	seq_printf(m, "%d", v);
+	btf_show_type_value(show, "%d", v);
+	btf_show_end_type(show);
 }
 
 static struct btf_kind_operations enum_ops = {
@@ -2575,7 +3293,7 @@ static struct btf_kind_operations enum_ops = {
 	.check_member = btf_enum_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member = btf_enum_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details = btf_enum_log,
-	.seq_show = btf_enum_seq_show,
+	.show = btf_enum_show,
 };
 
 static s32 btf_func_proto_check_meta(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -2662,7 +3380,7 @@ static struct btf_kind_operations func_proto_ops = {
 	.check_member = btf_df_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member = btf_df_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details = btf_func_proto_log,
-	.seq_show = btf_df_seq_show,
+	.show = btf_df_show,
 };
 
 static s32 btf_func_check_meta(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -2696,7 +3414,7 @@ static struct btf_kind_operations func_ops = {
 	.check_member = btf_df_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member = btf_df_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details = btf_ref_type_log,
-	.seq_show = btf_df_seq_show,
+	.show = btf_df_show,
 };
 
 static s32 btf_var_check_meta(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -2760,7 +3478,7 @@ static const struct btf_kind_operations var_ops = {
 	.check_member		= btf_df_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member	= btf_df_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details		= btf_var_log,
-	.seq_show		= btf_var_seq_show,
+	.show			= btf_var_show,
 };
 
 static s32 btf_datasec_check_meta(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -2886,24 +3604,28 @@ static void btf_datasec_log(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
 	btf_verifier_log(env, "size=%u vlen=%u", t->size, btf_type_vlen(t));
 }
 
-static void btf_datasec_seq_show(const struct btf *btf,
-				 const struct btf_type *t, u32 type_id,
-				 void *data, u8 bits_offset,
-				 struct seq_file *m)
+static void btf_datasec_show(const struct btf *btf,
+			     const struct btf_type *t, u32 type_id,
+			     void *data, u8 bits_offset,
+			     struct btf_show *show)
 {
 	const struct btf_var_secinfo *vsi;
 	const struct btf_type *var;
 	u32 i;
 
-	seq_printf(m, "section (\"%s\") = {", __btf_name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off));
+	if (!btf_show_start_type(show, t, type_id, data))
+		return;
+
+	btf_show_type_value(show, "section (\"%s\") = {",
+			    __btf_name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off));
 	for_each_vsi(i, t, vsi) {
 		var = btf_type_by_id(btf, vsi->type);
 		if (i)
-			seq_puts(m, ",");
-		btf_type_ops(var)->seq_show(btf, var, vsi->type,
-					    data + vsi->offset, bits_offset, m);
+			btf_show(show, ",");
+		btf_type_ops(var)->show(btf, var, vsi->type,
+					data + vsi->offset, bits_offset, show);
 	}
-	seq_puts(m, "}");
+	btf_show_end_type(show);
 }
 
 static const struct btf_kind_operations datasec_ops = {
@@ -2912,7 +3634,7 @@ static const struct btf_kind_operations datasec_ops = {
 	.check_member		= btf_df_check_member,
 	.check_kflag_member	= btf_df_check_kflag_member,
 	.log_details		= btf_datasec_log,
-	.seq_show		= btf_datasec_seq_show,
+	.show			= btf_datasec_show,
 };
 
 static int btf_func_proto_check(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -3706,7 +4428,7 @@ errout:
 
 struct btf *bpf_prog_get_target_btf(const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
-	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->linked_prog;
+	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->dst_prog;
 
 	if (tgt_prog) {
 		return tgt_prog->aux->btf;
@@ -3733,7 +4455,7 @@ bool btf_ctx_access(int off, int size, enum bpf_access_type type,
 		    struct bpf_insn_access_aux *info)
 {
 	const struct btf_type *t = prog->aux->attach_func_proto;
-	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->linked_prog;
+	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->dst_prog;
 	struct btf *btf = bpf_prog_get_target_btf(prog);
 	const char *tname = prog->aux->attach_func_name;
 	struct bpf_verifier_log *log = info->log;
@@ -3860,7 +4582,14 @@ bool btf_ctx_access(int off, int size, enum bpf_access_type type,
 
 	info->reg_type = PTR_TO_BTF_ID;
 	if (tgt_prog) {
-		ret = btf_translate_to_vmlinux(log, btf, t, tgt_prog->type, arg);
+		enum bpf_prog_type tgt_type;
+
+		if (tgt_prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT)
+			tgt_type = tgt_prog->aux->saved_dst_prog_type;
+		else
+			tgt_type = tgt_prog->type;
+
+		ret = btf_translate_to_vmlinux(log, btf, t, tgt_type, arg);
 		if (ret > 0) {
 			info->btf_id = ret;
 			return true;
@@ -4388,7 +5117,7 @@ static int btf_check_func_type_match(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 }
 
 /* Compare BTFs of given program with BTF of target program */
-int btf_check_type_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_prog *prog,
+int btf_check_type_match(struct bpf_verifier_log *log, const struct bpf_prog *prog,
 			 struct btf *btf2, const struct btf_type *t2)
 {
 	struct btf *btf1 = prog->aux->btf;
@@ -4396,7 +5125,7 @@ int btf_check_type_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_prog *prog,
 	u32 btf_id = 0;
 
 	if (!prog->aux->func_info) {
-		bpf_log(&env->log, "Program extension requires BTF\n");
+		bpf_log(log, "Program extension requires BTF\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -4408,7 +5137,7 @@ int btf_check_type_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_prog *prog,
 	if (!t1 || !btf_type_is_func(t1))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
-	return btf_check_func_type_match(&env->log, btf1, t1, btf2, t2);
+	return btf_check_func_type_match(log, btf1, t1, btf2, t2);
 }
 
 /* Compare BTF of a function with given bpf_reg_state.
@@ -4559,7 +5288,7 @@ int btf_prepare_func_args(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog,
 		return -EFAULT;
 	}
 	if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT)
-		prog_type = prog->aux->linked_prog->type;
+		prog_type = prog->aux->dst_prog->type;
 
 	t = btf_type_by_id(btf, t->type);
 	if (!t || !btf_type_is_func_proto(t)) {
@@ -4606,12 +5335,93 @@ int btf_prepare_func_args(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void btf_type_show(const struct btf *btf, u32 type_id, void *obj,
+			  struct btf_show *show)
+{
+	const struct btf_type *t = btf_type_by_id(btf, type_id);
+
+	show->btf = btf;
+	memset(&show->state, 0, sizeof(show->state));
+	memset(&show->obj, 0, sizeof(show->obj));
+
+	btf_type_ops(t)->show(btf, t, type_id, obj, 0, show);
+}
+
+static void btf_seq_show(struct btf_show *show, const char *fmt,
+			 va_list args)
+{
+	seq_vprintf((struct seq_file *)show->target, fmt, args);
+}
+
+int btf_type_seq_show_flags(const struct btf *btf, u32 type_id,
+			    void *obj, struct seq_file *m, u64 flags)
+{
+	struct btf_show sseq;
+
+	sseq.target = m;
+	sseq.showfn = btf_seq_show;
+	sseq.flags = flags;
+
+	btf_type_show(btf, type_id, obj, &sseq);
+
+	return sseq.state.status;
+}
+
 void btf_type_seq_show(const struct btf *btf, u32 type_id, void *obj,
 		       struct seq_file *m)
 {
-	const struct btf_type *t = btf_type_by_id(btf, type_id);
+	(void) btf_type_seq_show_flags(btf, type_id, obj, m,
+				       BTF_SHOW_NONAME | BTF_SHOW_COMPACT |
+				       BTF_SHOW_ZERO | BTF_SHOW_UNSAFE);
+}
+
+struct btf_show_snprintf {
+	struct btf_show show;
+	int len_left;		/* space left in string */
+	int len;		/* length we would have written */
+};
+
+static void btf_snprintf_show(struct btf_show *show, const char *fmt,
+			      va_list args)
+{
+	struct btf_show_snprintf *ssnprintf = (struct btf_show_snprintf *)show;
+	int len;
+
+	len = vsnprintf(show->target, ssnprintf->len_left, fmt, args);
+
+	if (len < 0) {
+		ssnprintf->len_left = 0;
+		ssnprintf->len = len;
+	} else if (len > ssnprintf->len_left) {
+		/* no space, drive on to get length we would have written */
+		ssnprintf->len_left = 0;
+		ssnprintf->len += len;
+	} else {
+		ssnprintf->len_left -= len;
+		ssnprintf->len += len;
+		show->target += len;
+	}
+}
+
+int btf_type_snprintf_show(const struct btf *btf, u32 type_id, void *obj,
+			   char *buf, int len, u64 flags)
+{
+	struct btf_show_snprintf ssnprintf;
+
+	ssnprintf.show.target = buf;
+	ssnprintf.show.flags = flags;
+	ssnprintf.show.showfn = btf_snprintf_show;
+	ssnprintf.len_left = len;
+	ssnprintf.len = 0;
+
+	btf_type_show(btf, type_id, obj, (struct btf_show *)&ssnprintf);
+
+	/* If we encontered an error, return it. */
+	if (ssnprintf.show.state.status)
+		return ssnprintf.show.state.status;
 
-	btf_type_ops(t)->seq_show(btf, t, type_id, obj, 0, m);
+	/* Otherwise return length we would have written */
+	return ssnprintf.len;
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/core.c b/kernel/bpf/core.c
index c4811b139caa..cda674f1392f 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/core.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/core.c
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ struct bpf_prog *bpf_prog_alloc_no_stats(unsigned int size, gfp_t gfp_extra_flag
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD_RCU(&fp->aux->ksym.lnode);
 	mutex_init(&fp->aux->used_maps_mutex);
+	mutex_init(&fp->aux->dst_mutex);
 
 	return fp;
 }
@@ -255,6 +256,7 @@ void __bpf_prog_free(struct bpf_prog *fp)
 {
 	if (fp->aux) {
 		mutex_destroy(&fp->aux->used_maps_mutex);
+		mutex_destroy(&fp->aux->dst_mutex);
 		free_percpu(fp->aux->stats);
 		kfree(fp->aux->poke_tab);
 		kfree(fp->aux);
@@ -2138,7 +2140,8 @@ static void bpf_prog_free_deferred(struct work_struct *work)
 	if (aux->prog->has_callchain_buf)
 		put_callchain_buffers();
 #endif
-	bpf_trampoline_put(aux->trampoline);
+	if (aux->dst_trampoline)
+		bpf_trampoline_put(aux->dst_trampoline);
 	for (i = 0; i < aux->func_cnt; i++)
 		bpf_jit_free(aux->func[i]);
 	if (aux->func_cnt) {
@@ -2154,8 +2157,8 @@ void bpf_prog_free(struct bpf_prog *fp)
 {
 	struct bpf_prog_aux *aux = fp->aux;
 
-	if (aux->linked_prog)
-		bpf_prog_put(aux->linked_prog);
+	if (aux->dst_prog)
+		bpf_prog_put(aux->dst_prog);
 	INIT_WORK(&aux->work, bpf_prog_free_deferred);
 	schedule_work(&aux->work);
 }
@@ -2216,6 +2219,8 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_current_cgroup_id_proto __weak;
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_current_ancestor_cgroup_id_proto __weak;
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_local_storage_proto __weak;
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_ns_current_pid_tgid_proto __weak;
+const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_snprintf_btf_proto __weak;
+const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_seq_printf_btf_proto __weak;
 
 const struct bpf_func_proto * __weak bpf_get_trace_printk_proto(void)
 {
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/cpumap.c b/kernel/bpf/cpumap.c
index 7e1a8ad0c32a..c61a23b564aa 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/cpumap.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/cpumap.c
@@ -155,8 +155,7 @@ static void cpu_map_kthread_stop(struct work_struct *work)
 	kthread_stop(rcpu->kthread);
 }
 
-static struct sk_buff *cpu_map_build_skb(struct bpf_cpu_map_entry *rcpu,
-					 struct xdp_frame *xdpf,
+static struct sk_buff *cpu_map_build_skb(struct xdp_frame *xdpf,
 					 struct sk_buff *skb)
 {
 	unsigned int hard_start_headroom;
@@ -365,7 +364,7 @@ static int cpu_map_kthread_run(void *data)
 			struct sk_buff *skb = skbs[i];
 			int ret;
 
-			skb = cpu_map_build_skb(rcpu, xdpf, skb);
+			skb = cpu_map_build_skb(xdpf, skb);
 			if (!skb) {
 				xdp_return_frame(xdpf);
 				continue;
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/helpers.c b/kernel/bpf/helpers.c
index 5cc7425ee476..e825441781ab 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/helpers.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/helpers.c
@@ -683,6 +683,10 @@ bpf_base_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id)
 		if (!perfmon_capable())
 			return NULL;
 		return bpf_get_trace_printk_proto();
+	case BPF_FUNC_snprintf_btf:
+		if (!perfmon_capable())
+			return NULL;
+		return &bpf_snprintf_btf_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_jiffies64:
 		return &bpf_jiffies64_proto;
 	default:
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/preload/.gitignore b/kernel/bpf/preload/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..856a4c5ad0dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/bpf/preload/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/FEATURE-DUMP.libbpf
+/bpf_helper_defs.h
+/feature
+/bpf_preload_umd
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/preload/Makefile b/kernel/bpf/preload/Makefile
index 12c7b62b9b6e..23ee310b6eb4 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/preload/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/bpf/preload/Makefile
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ userccflags += -I $(srctree)/tools/include/ -I $(srctree)/tools/include/uapi \
 
 userprogs := bpf_preload_umd
 
+clean-files := $(userprogs) bpf_helper_defs.h FEATURE-DUMP.libbpf staticobjs/ feature/
+
 bpf_preload_umd-objs := iterators/iterators.o
 bpf_preload_umd-userldlibs := $(LIBBPF_A) -lelf -lz
 
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/preload/iterators/iterators.bpf.c b/kernel/bpf/preload/iterators/iterators.bpf.c
index 5ded550b2ed6..52aa7b38e8b8 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/preload/iterators/iterators.bpf.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/preload/iterators/iterators.bpf.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ struct bpf_prog_aux {
 	__u32 id;
 	char name[16];
 	const char *attach_func_name;
-	struct bpf_prog *linked_prog;
+	struct bpf_prog *dst_prog;
 	struct bpf_func_info *func_info;
 	struct btf *btf;
 };
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ int dump_bpf_prog(struct bpf_iter__bpf_prog *ctx)
 
 	BPF_SEQ_PRINTF(seq, "%4u %-16s %s %s\n", aux->id,
 		       get_name(aux->btf, aux->func_info[0].type_id, aux->name),
-		       aux->attach_func_name, aux->linked_prog->aux->name);
+		       aux->attach_func_name, aux->dst_prog->aux->name);
 	return 0;
 }
 char LICENSE[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/preload/iterators/iterators.skel.h b/kernel/bpf/preload/iterators/iterators.skel.h
index c3171357dc4f..cf9a6a94b3a4 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/preload/iterators/iterators.skel.h
+++ b/kernel/bpf/preload/iterators/iterators.skel.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ iterators_bpf__open_opts(const struct bpf_object_open_opts *opts)
 {
 	struct iterators_bpf *obj;
 
-	obj = (typeof(obj))calloc(1, sizeof(*obj));
+	obj = (struct iterators_bpf *)calloc(1, sizeof(*obj));
 	if (!obj)
 		return NULL;
 	if (iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(obj))
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 {
 	struct bpf_object_skeleton *s;
 
-	s = (typeof(s))calloc(1, sizeof(*s));
+	s = (struct bpf_object_skeleton *)calloc(1, sizeof(*s));
 	if (!s)
 		return -1;
 	obj->skeleton = s;
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 	/* maps */
 	s->map_cnt = 1;
 	s->map_skel_sz = sizeof(*s->maps);
-	s->maps = (typeof(s->maps))calloc(s->map_cnt, s->map_skel_sz);
+	s->maps = (struct bpf_map_skeleton *)calloc(s->map_cnt, s->map_skel_sz);
 	if (!s->maps)
 		goto err;
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 	/* programs */
 	s->prog_cnt = 2;
 	s->prog_skel_sz = sizeof(*s->progs);
-	s->progs = (typeof(s->progs))calloc(s->prog_cnt, s->prog_skel_sz);
+	s->progs = (struct bpf_prog_skeleton *)calloc(s->prog_cnt, s->prog_skel_sz);
 	if (!s->progs)
 		goto err;
 
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 	s->progs[1].prog = &obj->progs.dump_bpf_prog;
 	s->progs[1].link = &obj->links.dump_bpf_prog;
 
-	s->data_sz = 7128;
+	s->data_sz = 7176;
 	s->data = (void *)"\
 \x7f\x45\x4c\x46\x02\x01\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x01\0\xf7\0\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
-\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x18\x18\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\x0f\0\
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x48\x18\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\0\0\0\0\x40\0\x0f\0\
 \x0e\0\x79\x12\0\0\0\0\0\0\x79\x26\0\0\0\0\0\0\x79\x17\x08\0\0\0\0\0\x15\x07\
 \x1a\0\0\0\0\0\x79\x21\x10\0\0\0\0\0\x55\x01\x08\0\0\0\0\0\xbf\xa4\0\0\0\0\0\0\
 \x07\x04\0\0\xe8\xff\xff\xff\xbf\x61\0\0\0\0\0\0\x18\x02\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
 \x79\x86\0\0\0\0\0\0\xbf\xa1\0\0\0\0\0\0\x07\x01\0\0\xf8\xff\xff\xff\xb7\x02\0\
 \0\x08\0\0\0\x85\0\0\0\x71\0\0\0\xb7\x01\0\0\0\0\0\0\x79\xa3\xf8\xff\0\0\0\0\
 \x0f\x13\0\0\0\0\0\0\xbf\xa1\0\0\0\0\0\0\x07\x01\0\0\xf4\xff\xff\xff\xb7\x02\0\
-\0\x04\0\0\0\x85\0\0\0\x04\0\0\0\xb7\x03\0\0\x04\0\0\0\x61\xa1\xf4\xff\0\0\0\0\
+\0\x04\0\0\0\x85\0\0\0\x71\0\0\0\xb7\x03\0\0\x04\0\0\0\x61\xa1\xf4\xff\0\0\0\0\
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@@ -176,230 +176,232 @@ iterators_bpf__create_skeleton(struct iterators_bpf *obj)
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 	return 0;
 err:
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/reuseport_array.c b/kernel/bpf/reuseport_array.c
index 5a2ba1182493..a55cd542f2ce 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/reuseport_array.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/reuseport_array.c
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ int bpf_fd_reuseport_array_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key,
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	sk = reuseport_array_lookup_elem(map, key);
 	if (sk) {
-		*(u64 *)value = sock_gen_cookie(sk);
+		*(u64 *)value = __sock_gen_cookie(sk);
 		err = 0;
 	} else {
 		err = -ENOENT;
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/syscall.c b/kernel/bpf/syscall.c
index 34268491d2de..f1528c2a6927 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/syscall.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/syscall.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
 #include <linux/bpf_trace.h>
 #include <linux/bpf_lirc.h>
+#include <linux/bpf_verifier.h>
 #include <linux/btf.h>
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
@@ -2154,14 +2155,14 @@ static int bpf_prog_load(union bpf_attr *attr, union bpf_attr __user *uattr)
 	prog->expected_attach_type = attr->expected_attach_type;
 	prog->aux->attach_btf_id = attr->attach_btf_id;
 	if (attr->attach_prog_fd) {
-		struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog;
+		struct bpf_prog *dst_prog;
 
-		tgt_prog = bpf_prog_get(attr->attach_prog_fd);
-		if (IS_ERR(tgt_prog)) {
-			err = PTR_ERR(tgt_prog);
+		dst_prog = bpf_prog_get(attr->attach_prog_fd);
+		if (IS_ERR(dst_prog)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(dst_prog);
 			goto free_prog_nouncharge;
 		}
-		prog->aux->linked_prog = tgt_prog;
+		prog->aux->dst_prog = dst_prog;
 	}
 
 	prog->aux->offload_requested = !!attr->prog_ifindex;
@@ -2345,8 +2346,12 @@ void bpf_link_put(struct bpf_link *link)
 	if (!atomic64_dec_and_test(&link->refcnt))
 		return;
 
-	INIT_WORK(&link->work, bpf_link_put_deferred);
-	schedule_work(&link->work);
+	if (in_atomic()) {
+		INIT_WORK(&link->work, bpf_link_put_deferred);
+		schedule_work(&link->work);
+	} else {
+		bpf_link_free(link);
+	}
 }
 
 static int bpf_link_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
@@ -2494,11 +2499,23 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_link_get_from_fd(u32 ufd)
 struct bpf_tracing_link {
 	struct bpf_link link;
 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
+	struct bpf_trampoline *trampoline;
+	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog;
 };
 
 static void bpf_tracing_link_release(struct bpf_link *link)
 {
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(link->prog));
+	struct bpf_tracing_link *tr_link =
+		container_of(link, struct bpf_tracing_link, link);
+
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(link->prog,
+						tr_link->trampoline));
+
+	bpf_trampoline_put(tr_link->trampoline);
+
+	/* tgt_prog is NULL if target is a kernel function */
+	if (tr_link->tgt_prog)
+		bpf_prog_put(tr_link->tgt_prog);
 }
 
 static void bpf_tracing_link_dealloc(struct bpf_link *link)
@@ -2538,10 +2555,15 @@ static const struct bpf_link_ops bpf_tracing_link_lops = {
 	.fill_link_info = bpf_tracing_link_fill_link_info,
 };
 
-static int bpf_tracing_prog_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog)
+static int bpf_tracing_prog_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog,
+				   int tgt_prog_fd,
+				   u32 btf_id)
 {
 	struct bpf_link_primer link_primer;
+	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = NULL;
+	struct bpf_trampoline *tr = NULL;
 	struct bpf_tracing_link *link;
+	u64 key = 0;
 	int err;
 
 	switch (prog->type) {
@@ -2570,6 +2592,28 @@ static int bpf_tracing_prog_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		goto out_put_prog;
 	}
 
+	if (!!tgt_prog_fd != !!btf_id) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_put_prog;
+	}
+
+	if (tgt_prog_fd) {
+		/* For now we only allow new targets for BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT */
+		if (prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out_put_prog;
+		}
+
+		tgt_prog = bpf_prog_get(tgt_prog_fd);
+		if (IS_ERR(tgt_prog)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(tgt_prog);
+			tgt_prog = NULL;
+			goto out_put_prog;
+		}
+
+		key = bpf_trampoline_compute_key(tgt_prog, btf_id);
+	}
+
 	link = kzalloc(sizeof(*link), GFP_USER);
 	if (!link) {
 		err = -ENOMEM;
@@ -2579,20 +2623,100 @@ static int bpf_tracing_prog_attach(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		      &bpf_tracing_link_lops, prog);
 	link->attach_type = prog->expected_attach_type;
 
-	err = bpf_link_prime(&link->link, &link_primer);
-	if (err) {
-		kfree(link);
-		goto out_put_prog;
+	mutex_lock(&prog->aux->dst_mutex);
+
+	/* There are a few possible cases here:
+	 *
+	 * - if prog->aux->dst_trampoline is set, the program was just loaded
+	 *   and not yet attached to anything, so we can use the values stored
+	 *   in prog->aux
+	 *
+	 * - if prog->aux->dst_trampoline is NULL, the program has already been
+         *   attached to a target and its initial target was cleared (below)
+	 *
+	 * - if tgt_prog != NULL, the caller specified tgt_prog_fd +
+	 *   target_btf_id using the link_create API.
+	 *
+	 * - if tgt_prog == NULL when this function was called using the old
+         *   raw_tracepoint_open API, and we need a target from prog->aux
+         *
+         * The combination of no saved target in prog->aux, and no target
+         * specified on load is illegal, and we reject that here.
+	 */
+	if (!prog->aux->dst_trampoline && !tgt_prog) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out_unlock;
 	}
 
-	err = bpf_trampoline_link_prog(prog);
+	if (!prog->aux->dst_trampoline ||
+	    (key && key != prog->aux->dst_trampoline->key)) {
+		/* If there is no saved target, or the specified target is
+		 * different from the destination specified at load time, we
+		 * need a new trampoline and a check for compatibility
+		 */
+		struct bpf_attach_target_info tgt_info = {};
+
+		err = bpf_check_attach_target(NULL, prog, tgt_prog, btf_id,
+					      &tgt_info);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_unlock;
+
+		tr = bpf_trampoline_get(key, &tgt_info);
+		if (!tr) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* The caller didn't specify a target, or the target was the
+		 * same as the destination supplied during program load. This
+		 * means we can reuse the trampoline and reference from program
+		 * load time, and there is no need to allocate a new one. This
+		 * can only happen once for any program, as the saved values in
+		 * prog->aux are cleared below.
+		 */
+		tr = prog->aux->dst_trampoline;
+		tgt_prog = prog->aux->dst_prog;
+	}
+
+	err = bpf_link_prime(&link->link, &link_primer);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	err = bpf_trampoline_link_prog(prog, tr);
 	if (err) {
 		bpf_link_cleanup(&link_primer);
-		goto out_put_prog;
+		link = NULL;
+		goto out_unlock;
 	}
 
+	link->tgt_prog = tgt_prog;
+	link->trampoline = tr;
+
+	/* Always clear the trampoline and target prog from prog->aux to make
+	 * sure the original attach destination is not kept alive after a
+	 * program is (re-)attached to another target.
+	 */
+	if (prog->aux->dst_prog &&
+	    (tgt_prog_fd || tr != prog->aux->dst_trampoline))
+		/* got extra prog ref from syscall, or attaching to different prog */
+		bpf_prog_put(prog->aux->dst_prog);
+	if (prog->aux->dst_trampoline && tr != prog->aux->dst_trampoline)
+		/* we allocated a new trampoline, so free the old one */
+		bpf_trampoline_put(prog->aux->dst_trampoline);
+
+	prog->aux->dst_prog = NULL;
+	prog->aux->dst_trampoline = NULL;
+	mutex_unlock(&prog->aux->dst_mutex);
+
 	return bpf_link_settle(&link_primer);
+out_unlock:
+	if (tr && tr != prog->aux->dst_trampoline)
+		bpf_trampoline_put(tr);
+	mutex_unlock(&prog->aux->dst_mutex);
+	kfree(link);
 out_put_prog:
+	if (tgt_prog_fd && tgt_prog)
+		bpf_prog_put(tgt_prog);
 	bpf_prog_put(prog);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -2706,7 +2830,7 @@ static int bpf_raw_tracepoint_open(const union bpf_attr *attr)
 			tp_name = prog->aux->attach_func_name;
 			break;
 		}
-		return bpf_tracing_prog_attach(prog);
+		return bpf_tracing_prog_attach(prog, 0, 0);
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT:
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE:
 		if (strncpy_from_user(buf,
@@ -2975,7 +3099,7 @@ static int bpf_prog_query(const union bpf_attr *attr,
 	}
 }
 
-#define BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN_LAST_FIELD test.ctx_out
+#define BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN_LAST_FIELD test.cpu
 
 static int bpf_prog_test_run(const union bpf_attr *attr,
 			     union bpf_attr __user *uattr)
@@ -3890,10 +4014,15 @@ err_put:
 
 static int tracing_bpf_link_attach(const union bpf_attr *attr, struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
-	if (attr->link_create.attach_type == BPF_TRACE_ITER &&
-	    prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_TRACE_ITER)
-		return bpf_iter_link_attach(attr, prog);
+	if (attr->link_create.attach_type != prog->expected_attach_type)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
+	if (prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_TRACE_ITER)
+		return bpf_iter_link_attach(attr, prog);
+	else if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT)
+		return bpf_tracing_prog_attach(prog,
+					       attr->link_create.target_fd,
+					       attr->link_create.target_btf_id);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
@@ -3907,18 +4036,25 @@ static int link_create(union bpf_attr *attr)
 	if (CHECK_ATTR(BPF_LINK_CREATE))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	ptype = attach_type_to_prog_type(attr->link_create.attach_type);
-	if (ptype == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	prog = bpf_prog_get_type(attr->link_create.prog_fd, ptype);
+	prog = bpf_prog_get(attr->link_create.prog_fd);
 	if (IS_ERR(prog))
 		return PTR_ERR(prog);
 
 	ret = bpf_prog_attach_check_attach_type(prog,
 						attr->link_create.attach_type);
 	if (ret)
-		goto err_out;
+		goto out;
+
+	if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT) {
+		ret = tracing_bpf_link_attach(attr, prog);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ptype = attach_type_to_prog_type(attr->link_create.attach_type);
+	if (ptype == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC || ptype != prog->type) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
 
 	switch (ptype) {
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB:
@@ -3946,7 +4082,7 @@ static int link_create(union bpf_attr *attr)
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-err_out:
+out:
 	if (ret < 0)
 		bpf_prog_put(prog);
 	return ret;
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c b/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
index 7dd523a7e32d..35c5887d82ff 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/trampoline.c
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ static void bpf_trampoline_ksym_add(struct bpf_trampoline *tr)
 	bpf_image_ksym_add(tr->image, ksym);
 }
 
-struct bpf_trampoline *bpf_trampoline_lookup(u64 key)
+static struct bpf_trampoline *bpf_trampoline_lookup(u64 key)
 {
 	struct bpf_trampoline *tr;
 	struct hlist_head *head;
@@ -261,14 +261,12 @@ static enum bpf_tramp_prog_type bpf_attach_type_to_tramp(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	}
 }
 
-int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
+int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog, struct bpf_trampoline *tr)
 {
 	enum bpf_tramp_prog_type kind;
-	struct bpf_trampoline *tr;
 	int err = 0;
 	int cnt;
 
-	tr = prog->aux->trampoline;
 	kind = bpf_attach_type_to_tramp(prog);
 	mutex_lock(&tr->mutex);
 	if (tr->extension_prog) {
@@ -301,7 +299,7 @@ int bpf_trampoline_link_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	}
 	hlist_add_head(&prog->aux->tramp_hlist, &tr->progs_hlist[kind]);
 	tr->progs_cnt[kind]++;
-	err = bpf_trampoline_update(prog->aux->trampoline);
+	err = bpf_trampoline_update(tr);
 	if (err) {
 		hlist_del(&prog->aux->tramp_hlist);
 		tr->progs_cnt[kind]--;
@@ -312,13 +310,11 @@ out:
 }
 
 /* bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog() should never fail. */
-int bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
+int bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog, struct bpf_trampoline *tr)
 {
 	enum bpf_tramp_prog_type kind;
-	struct bpf_trampoline *tr;
 	int err;
 
-	tr = prog->aux->trampoline;
 	kind = bpf_attach_type_to_tramp(prog);
 	mutex_lock(&tr->mutex);
 	if (kind == BPF_TRAMP_REPLACE) {
@@ -330,12 +326,32 @@ int bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	}
 	hlist_del(&prog->aux->tramp_hlist);
 	tr->progs_cnt[kind]--;
-	err = bpf_trampoline_update(prog->aux->trampoline);
+	err = bpf_trampoline_update(tr);
 out:
 	mutex_unlock(&tr->mutex);
 	return err;
 }
 
+struct bpf_trampoline *bpf_trampoline_get(u64 key,
+					  struct bpf_attach_target_info *tgt_info)
+{
+	struct bpf_trampoline *tr;
+
+	tr = bpf_trampoline_lookup(key);
+	if (!tr)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mutex_lock(&tr->mutex);
+	if (tr->func.addr)
+		goto out;
+
+	memcpy(&tr->func.model, &tgt_info->fmodel, sizeof(tgt_info->fmodel));
+	tr->func.addr = (void *)tgt_info->tgt_addr;
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&tr->mutex);
+	return tr;
+}
+
 void bpf_trampoline_put(struct bpf_trampoline *tr)
 {
 	if (!tr)
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index 42dee5dcbc74..015a1c074b6b 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -486,7 +486,12 @@ static bool is_acquire_function(enum bpf_func_id func_id,
 static bool is_ptr_cast_function(enum bpf_func_id func_id)
 {
 	return func_id == BPF_FUNC_tcp_sock ||
-		func_id == BPF_FUNC_sk_fullsock;
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_sk_fullsock ||
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp_sock ||
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp6_sock ||
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_skc_to_udp6_sock ||
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp_timewait_sock ||
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp_request_sock;
 }
 
 /* string representation of 'enum bpf_reg_type' */
@@ -2643,8 +2648,7 @@ static int check_map_access(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 regno,
 
 static enum bpf_prog_type resolve_prog_type(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
-	return prog->aux->linked_prog ? prog->aux->linked_prog->type
-				      : prog->type;
+	return prog->aux->dst_prog ? prog->aux->dst_prog->type : prog->type;
 }
 
 static bool may_access_direct_pkt_data(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -3938,7 +3942,7 @@ static int resolve_map_arg_type(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP:
 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH:
 		if (*arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE) {
-			*arg_type = ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET;
+			*arg_type = ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON;
 		} else {
 			verbose(env, "invalid arg_type for sockmap/sockhash\n");
 			return -EINVAL;
@@ -3953,6 +3957,7 @@ static int resolve_map_arg_type(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 
 struct bpf_reg_types {
 	const enum bpf_reg_type types[10];
+	u32 *btf_id;
 };
 
 static const struct bpf_reg_types map_key_value_types = {
@@ -3973,6 +3978,17 @@ static const struct bpf_reg_types sock_types = {
 	},
 };
 
+static const struct bpf_reg_types btf_id_sock_common_types = {
+	.types = {
+		PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON,
+		PTR_TO_SOCKET,
+		PTR_TO_TCP_SOCK,
+		PTR_TO_XDP_SOCK,
+		PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	},
+	.btf_id = &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
+};
+
 static const struct bpf_reg_types mem_types = {
 	.types = {
 		PTR_TO_STACK,
@@ -4014,6 +4030,7 @@ static const struct bpf_reg_types *compatible_reg_types[__BPF_ARG_TYPE_MAX] = {
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_CTX]		= &context_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_CTX_OR_NULL]	= &context_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON]	= &sock_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON]	= &btf_id_sock_common_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET]		= &fullsock_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL]	= &fullsock_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID]		= &btf_ptr_types,
@@ -4028,19 +4045,27 @@ static const struct bpf_reg_types *compatible_reg_types[__BPF_ARG_TYPE_MAX] = {
 };
 
 static int check_reg_type(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 regno,
-			  const struct bpf_reg_types *compatible)
+			  enum bpf_arg_type arg_type,
+			  const u32 *arg_btf_id)
 {
 	struct bpf_reg_state *regs = cur_regs(env), *reg = &regs[regno];
 	enum bpf_reg_type expected, type = reg->type;
+	const struct bpf_reg_types *compatible;
 	int i, j;
 
+	compatible = compatible_reg_types[arg_type];
+	if (!compatible) {
+		verbose(env, "verifier internal error: unsupported arg type %d\n", arg_type);
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(compatible->types); i++) {
 		expected = compatible->types[i];
 		if (expected == NOT_INIT)
 			break;
 
 		if (type == expected)
-			return 0;
+			goto found;
 	}
 
 	verbose(env, "R%d type=%s expected=", regno, reg_type_str[type]);
@@ -4048,6 +4073,33 @@ static int check_reg_type(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 regno,
 		verbose(env, "%s, ", reg_type_str[compatible->types[j]]);
 	verbose(env, "%s\n", reg_type_str[compatible->types[j]]);
 	return -EACCES;
+
+found:
+	if (type == PTR_TO_BTF_ID) {
+		if (!arg_btf_id) {
+			if (!compatible->btf_id) {
+				verbose(env, "verifier internal error: missing arg compatible BTF ID\n");
+				return -EFAULT;
+			}
+			arg_btf_id = compatible->btf_id;
+		}
+
+		if (!btf_struct_ids_match(&env->log, reg->off, reg->btf_id,
+					  *arg_btf_id)) {
+			verbose(env, "R%d is of type %s but %s is expected\n",
+				regno, kernel_type_name(reg->btf_id),
+				kernel_type_name(*arg_btf_id));
+			return -EACCES;
+		}
+
+		if (!tnum_is_const(reg->var_off) || reg->var_off.value) {
+			verbose(env, "R%d is a pointer to in-kernel struct with non-zero offset\n",
+				regno);
+			return -EACCES;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int check_func_arg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 arg,
@@ -4057,7 +4109,6 @@ static int check_func_arg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 arg,
 	u32 regno = BPF_REG_1 + arg;
 	struct bpf_reg_state *regs = cur_regs(env), *reg = &regs[regno];
 	enum bpf_arg_type arg_type = fn->arg_type[arg];
-	const struct bpf_reg_types *compatible;
 	enum bpf_reg_type type = reg->type;
 	int err = 0;
 
@@ -4097,35 +4148,11 @@ static int check_func_arg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 arg,
 		 */
 		goto skip_type_check;
 
-	compatible = compatible_reg_types[arg_type];
-	if (!compatible) {
-		verbose(env, "verifier internal error: unsupported arg type %d\n", arg_type);
-		return -EFAULT;
-	}
-
-	err = check_reg_type(env, regno, compatible);
+	err = check_reg_type(env, regno, arg_type, fn->arg_btf_id[arg]);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
-	if (type == PTR_TO_BTF_ID) {
-		const u32 *btf_id = fn->arg_btf_id[arg];
-
-		if (!btf_id) {
-			verbose(env, "verifier internal error: missing BTF ID\n");
-			return -EFAULT;
-		}
-
-		if (!btf_struct_ids_match(&env->log, reg->off, reg->btf_id, *btf_id)) {
-			verbose(env, "R%d is of type %s but %s is expected\n",
-				regno, kernel_type_name(reg->btf_id), kernel_type_name(*btf_id));
-			return -EACCES;
-		}
-		if (!tnum_is_const(reg->var_off) || reg->var_off.value) {
-			verbose(env, "R%d is a pointer to in-kernel struct with non-zero offset\n",
-				regno);
-			return -EACCES;
-		}
-	} else if (type == PTR_TO_CTX) {
+	if (type == PTR_TO_CTX) {
 		err = check_ctx_reg(env, reg, regno);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
@@ -4573,10 +4600,14 @@ static bool check_btf_id_ok(const struct bpf_func_proto *fn)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fn->arg_type); i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fn->arg_type); i++) {
 		if (fn->arg_type[i] == ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID && !fn->arg_btf_id[i])
 			return false;
 
+		if (fn->arg_type[i] != ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID && fn->arg_btf_id[i])
+			return false;
+	}
+
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -5817,8 +5848,7 @@ static void scalar_min_max_and(struct bpf_reg_state *dst_reg,
 	u64 umax_val = src_reg->umax_value;
 
 	if (src_known && dst_known) {
-		__mark_reg_known(dst_reg, dst_reg->var_off.value &
-					  src_reg->var_off.value);
+		__mark_reg_known(dst_reg, dst_reg->var_off.value);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -5888,8 +5918,7 @@ static void scalar_min_max_or(struct bpf_reg_state *dst_reg,
 	u64 umin_val = src_reg->umin_value;
 
 	if (src_known && dst_known) {
-		__mark_reg_known(dst_reg, dst_reg->var_off.value |
-					  src_reg->var_off.value);
+		__mark_reg_known(dst_reg, dst_reg->var_off.value);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -11173,11 +11202,10 @@ static int check_struct_ops_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 }
 #define SECURITY_PREFIX "security_"
 
-static int check_attach_modify_return(struct bpf_prog *prog, unsigned long addr)
+static int check_attach_modify_return(unsigned long addr, const char *func_name)
 {
 	if (within_error_injection_list(addr) ||
-	    !strncmp(SECURITY_PREFIX, prog->aux->attach_func_name,
-		     sizeof(SECURITY_PREFIX) - 1))
+	    !strncmp(SECURITY_PREFIX, func_name, sizeof(SECURITY_PREFIX) - 1))
 		return 0;
 
 	return -EINVAL;
@@ -11214,55 +11242,39 @@ static int check_non_sleepable_error_inject(u32 btf_id)
 	return btf_id_set_contains(&btf_non_sleepable_error_inject, btf_id);
 }
 
-static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
+int bpf_check_attach_target(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
+			    const struct bpf_prog *prog,
+			    const struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog,
+			    u32 btf_id,
+			    struct bpf_attach_target_info *tgt_info)
 {
-	struct bpf_prog *prog = env->prog;
 	bool prog_extension = prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT;
-	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->linked_prog;
-	u32 btf_id = prog->aux->attach_btf_id;
 	const char prefix[] = "btf_trace_";
-	struct btf_func_model fmodel;
 	int ret = 0, subprog = -1, i;
-	struct bpf_trampoline *tr;
 	const struct btf_type *t;
 	bool conservative = true;
 	const char *tname;
 	struct btf *btf;
-	long addr;
-	u64 key;
-
-	if (prog->aux->sleepable && prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING &&
-	    prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM) {
-		verbose(env, "Only fentry/fexit/fmod_ret and lsm programs can be sleepable\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS)
-		return check_struct_ops_btf_id(env);
-
-	if (prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING &&
-	    prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM &&
-	    !prog_extension)
-		return 0;
+	long addr = 0;
 
 	if (!btf_id) {
-		verbose(env, "Tracing programs must provide btf_id\n");
+		bpf_log(log, "Tracing programs must provide btf_id\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
-	btf = bpf_prog_get_target_btf(prog);
+	btf = tgt_prog ? tgt_prog->aux->btf : btf_vmlinux;
 	if (!btf) {
-		verbose(env,
+		bpf_log(log,
 			"FENTRY/FEXIT program can only be attached to another program annotated with BTF\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	t = btf_type_by_id(btf, btf_id);
 	if (!t) {
-		verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u is invalid\n", btf_id);
+		bpf_log(log, "attach_btf_id %u is invalid\n", btf_id);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
 	if (!tname) {
-		verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u doesn't have a name\n", btf_id);
+		bpf_log(log, "attach_btf_id %u doesn't have a name\n", btf_id);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	if (tgt_prog) {
@@ -11274,26 +11286,24 @@ static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 				break;
 			}
 		if (subprog == -1) {
-			verbose(env, "Subprog %s doesn't exist\n", tname);
+			bpf_log(log, "Subprog %s doesn't exist\n", tname);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 		conservative = aux->func_info_aux[subprog].unreliable;
 		if (prog_extension) {
 			if (conservative) {
-				verbose(env,
+				bpf_log(log,
 					"Cannot replace static functions\n");
 				return -EINVAL;
 			}
 			if (!prog->jit_requested) {
-				verbose(env,
+				bpf_log(log,
 					"Extension programs should be JITed\n");
 				return -EINVAL;
 			}
-			env->ops = bpf_verifier_ops[tgt_prog->type];
-			prog->expected_attach_type = tgt_prog->expected_attach_type;
 		}
 		if (!tgt_prog->jited) {
-			verbose(env, "Can attach to only JITed progs\n");
+			bpf_log(log, "Can attach to only JITed progs\n");
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 		if (tgt_prog->type == prog->type) {
@@ -11301,7 +11311,7 @@ static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 			 * Cannot attach program extension to another extension.
 			 * It's ok to attach fentry/fexit to extension program.
 			 */
-			verbose(env, "Cannot recursively attach\n");
+			bpf_log(log, "Cannot recursively attach\n");
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 		if (tgt_prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING &&
@@ -11323,32 +11333,30 @@ static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 			 * reasonable stack size. Hence extending fentry is not
 			 * allowed.
 			 */
-			verbose(env, "Cannot extend fentry/fexit\n");
+			bpf_log(log, "Cannot extend fentry/fexit\n");
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
-		key = ((u64)aux->id) << 32 | btf_id;
 	} else {
 		if (prog_extension) {
-			verbose(env, "Cannot replace kernel functions\n");
+			bpf_log(log, "Cannot replace kernel functions\n");
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
-		key = btf_id;
 	}
 
 	switch (prog->expected_attach_type) {
 	case BPF_TRACE_RAW_TP:
 		if (tgt_prog) {
-			verbose(env,
+			bpf_log(log,
 				"Only FENTRY/FEXIT progs are attachable to another BPF prog\n");
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 		if (!btf_type_is_typedef(t)) {
-			verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u is not a typedef\n",
+			bpf_log(log, "attach_btf_id %u is not a typedef\n",
 				btf_id);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 		if (strncmp(prefix, tname, sizeof(prefix) - 1)) {
-			verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u points to wrong type name %s\n",
+			bpf_log(log, "attach_btf_id %u points to wrong type name %s\n",
 				btf_id, tname);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
@@ -11362,29 +11370,20 @@ static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 			/* should never happen in valid vmlinux build */
 			return -EINVAL;
 
-		/* remember two read only pointers that are valid for
-		 * the life time of the kernel
-		 */
-		prog->aux->attach_func_name = tname;
-		prog->aux->attach_func_proto = t;
-		prog->aux->attach_btf_trace = true;
-		return 0;
+		break;
 	case BPF_TRACE_ITER:
 		if (!btf_type_is_func(t)) {
-			verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u is not a function\n",
+			bpf_log(log, "attach_btf_id %u is not a function\n",
 				btf_id);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 		t = btf_type_by_id(btf, t->type);
 		if (!btf_type_is_func_proto(t))
 			return -EINVAL;
-		prog->aux->attach_func_name = tname;
-		prog->aux->attach_func_proto = t;
-		if (!bpf_iter_prog_supported(prog))
-			return -EINVAL;
-		ret = btf_distill_func_proto(&env->log, btf, t,
-					     tname, &fmodel);
-		return ret;
+		ret = btf_distill_func_proto(log, btf, t, tname, &tgt_info->fmodel);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+		break;
 	default:
 		if (!prog_extension)
 			return -EINVAL;
@@ -11393,42 +11392,30 @@ static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 	case BPF_LSM_MAC:
 	case BPF_TRACE_FENTRY:
 	case BPF_TRACE_FEXIT:
-		prog->aux->attach_func_name = tname;
-		if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM) {
-			ret = bpf_lsm_verify_prog(&env->log, prog);
-			if (ret < 0)
-				return ret;
-		}
-
 		if (!btf_type_is_func(t)) {
-			verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u is not a function\n",
+			bpf_log(log, "attach_btf_id %u is not a function\n",
 				btf_id);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 		if (prog_extension &&
-		    btf_check_type_match(env, prog, btf, t))
+		    btf_check_type_match(log, prog, btf, t))
 			return -EINVAL;
 		t = btf_type_by_id(btf, t->type);
 		if (!btf_type_is_func_proto(t))
 			return -EINVAL;
-		tr = bpf_trampoline_lookup(key);
-		if (!tr)
-			return -ENOMEM;
-		/* t is either vmlinux type or another program's type */
-		prog->aux->attach_func_proto = t;
-		mutex_lock(&tr->mutex);
-		if (tr->func.addr) {
-			prog->aux->trampoline = tr;
-			goto out;
-		}
-		if (tgt_prog && conservative) {
-			prog->aux->attach_func_proto = NULL;
+
+		if ((prog->aux->saved_dst_prog_type || prog->aux->saved_dst_attach_type) &&
+		    (!tgt_prog || prog->aux->saved_dst_prog_type != tgt_prog->type ||
+		     prog->aux->saved_dst_attach_type != tgt_prog->expected_attach_type))
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		if (tgt_prog && conservative)
 			t = NULL;
-		}
-		ret = btf_distill_func_proto(&env->log, btf, t,
-					     tname, &tr->func.model);
+
+		ret = btf_distill_func_proto(log, btf, t, tname, &tgt_info->fmodel);
 		if (ret < 0)
-			goto out;
+			return ret;
+
 		if (tgt_prog) {
 			if (subprog == 0)
 				addr = (long) tgt_prog->bpf_func;
@@ -11437,11 +11424,10 @@ static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 		} else {
 			addr = kallsyms_lookup_name(tname);
 			if (!addr) {
-				verbose(env,
+				bpf_log(log,
 					"The address of function %s cannot be found\n",
 					tname);
-				ret = -ENOENT;
-				goto out;
+				return -ENOENT;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -11466,25 +11452,109 @@ static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 			default:
 				break;
 			}
-			if (ret)
-				verbose(env, "%s is not sleepable\n",
-					prog->aux->attach_func_name);
+			if (ret) {
+				bpf_log(log, "%s is not sleepable\n", tname);
+				return ret;
+			}
 		} else if (prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_MODIFY_RETURN) {
-			ret = check_attach_modify_return(prog, addr);
-			if (ret)
-				verbose(env, "%s() is not modifiable\n",
-					prog->aux->attach_func_name);
+			if (tgt_prog) {
+				bpf_log(log, "can't modify return codes of BPF programs\n");
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			ret = check_attach_modify_return(addr, tname);
+			if (ret) {
+				bpf_log(log, "%s() is not modifiable\n", tname);
+				return ret;
+			}
 		}
-		if (ret)
-			goto out;
-		tr->func.addr = (void *)addr;
-		prog->aux->trampoline = tr;
-out:
-		mutex_unlock(&tr->mutex);
-		if (ret)
-			bpf_trampoline_put(tr);
+
+		break;
+	}
+	tgt_info->tgt_addr = addr;
+	tgt_info->tgt_name = tname;
+	tgt_info->tgt_type = t;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog *prog = env->prog;
+	struct bpf_prog *tgt_prog = prog->aux->dst_prog;
+	struct bpf_attach_target_info tgt_info = {};
+	u32 btf_id = prog->aux->attach_btf_id;
+	struct bpf_trampoline *tr;
+	int ret;
+	u64 key;
+
+	if (prog->aux->sleepable && prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING &&
+	    prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM) {
+		verbose(env, "Only fentry/fexit/fmod_ret and lsm programs can be sleepable\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS)
+		return check_struct_ops_btf_id(env);
+
+	if (prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING &&
+	    prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM &&
+	    prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT)
+		return 0;
+
+	ret = bpf_check_attach_target(&env->log, prog, tgt_prog, btf_id, &tgt_info);
+	if (ret)
 		return ret;
+
+	if (tgt_prog && prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT) {
+		/* to make freplace equivalent to their targets, they need to
+		 * inherit env->ops and expected_attach_type for the rest of the
+		 * verification
+		 */
+		env->ops = bpf_verifier_ops[tgt_prog->type];
+		prog->expected_attach_type = tgt_prog->expected_attach_type;
 	}
+
+	/* store info about the attachment target that will be used later */
+	prog->aux->attach_func_proto = tgt_info.tgt_type;
+	prog->aux->attach_func_name = tgt_info.tgt_name;
+
+	if (tgt_prog) {
+		prog->aux->saved_dst_prog_type = tgt_prog->type;
+		prog->aux->saved_dst_attach_type = tgt_prog->expected_attach_type;
+	}
+
+	if (prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_TRACE_RAW_TP) {
+		prog->aux->attach_btf_trace = true;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_TRACE_ITER) {
+		if (!bpf_iter_prog_supported(prog))
+			return -EINVAL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM) {
+		ret = bpf_lsm_verify_prog(&env->log, prog);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	key = bpf_trampoline_compute_key(tgt_prog, btf_id);
+	tr = bpf_trampoline_get(key, &tgt_info);
+	if (!tr)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	prog->aux->dst_trampoline = tr;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct btf *bpf_get_btf_vmlinux(void)
+{
+	if (!btf_vmlinux && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF)) {
+		mutex_lock(&bpf_verifier_lock);
+		if (!btf_vmlinux)
+			btf_vmlinux = btf_parse_vmlinux();
+		mutex_unlock(&bpf_verifier_lock);
+	}
+	return btf_vmlinux;
 }
 
 int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **prog, union bpf_attr *attr,
@@ -11520,12 +11590,7 @@ int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **prog, union bpf_attr *attr,
 	env->ops = bpf_verifier_ops[env->prog->type];
 	is_priv = bpf_capable();
 
-	if (!btf_vmlinux && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF)) {
-		mutex_lock(&bpf_verifier_lock);
-		if (!btf_vmlinux)
-			btf_vmlinux = btf_parse_vmlinux();
-		mutex_unlock(&bpf_verifier_lock);
-	}
+	bpf_get_btf_vmlinux();
 
 	/* grab the mutex to protect few globals used by verifier */
 	if (!is_priv)
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tasks.h b/kernel/rcu/tasks.h
index 05d3e1375e4c..d5d9f2d03e8a 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tasks.h
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tasks.h
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ typedef void (*postgp_func_t)(struct rcu_tasks *rtp);
  * @kthread_ptr: This flavor's grace-period/callback-invocation kthread.
  * @gp_func: This flavor's grace-period-wait function.
  * @gp_state: Grace period's most recent state transition (debugging).
+ * @gp_sleep: Per-grace-period sleep to prevent CPU-bound looping.
+ * @init_fract: Initial backoff sleep interval.
  * @gp_jiffies: Time of last @gp_state transition.
  * @gp_start: Most recent grace-period start in jiffies.
  * @n_gps: Number of grace periods completed since boot.
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@ struct rcu_tasks {
 	struct wait_queue_head cbs_wq;
 	raw_spinlock_t cbs_lock;
 	int gp_state;
+	int gp_sleep;
+	int init_fract;
 	unsigned long gp_jiffies;
 	unsigned long gp_start;
 	unsigned long n_gps;
@@ -81,7 +85,7 @@ static struct rcu_tasks rt_name =					\
 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(tasks_rcu_exit_srcu);
 
 /* Avoid IPIing CPUs early in the grace period. */
-#define RCU_TASK_IPI_DELAY (HZ / 2)
+#define RCU_TASK_IPI_DELAY (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU_READ_MB) ? HZ / 2 : 0)
 static int rcu_task_ipi_delay __read_mostly = RCU_TASK_IPI_DELAY;
 module_param(rcu_task_ipi_delay, int, 0644);
 
@@ -231,7 +235,7 @@ static int __noreturn rcu_tasks_kthread(void *arg)
 			cond_resched();
 		}
 		/* Paranoid sleep to keep this from entering a tight loop */
-		schedule_timeout_idle(HZ/10);
+		schedule_timeout_idle(rtp->gp_sleep);
 
 		set_tasks_gp_state(rtp, RTGS_WAIT_CBS);
 	}
@@ -329,8 +333,10 @@ static void rcu_tasks_wait_gp(struct rcu_tasks *rtp)
 	 */
 	lastreport = jiffies;
 
-	/* Start off with HZ/10 wait and slowly back off to 1 HZ wait. */
-	fract = 10;
+	// Start off with initial wait and slowly back off to 1 HZ wait.
+	fract = rtp->init_fract;
+	if (fract > HZ)
+		fract = HZ;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		bool firstreport;
@@ -553,6 +559,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_barrier_tasks);
 
 static int __init rcu_spawn_tasks_kthread(void)
 {
+	rcu_tasks.gp_sleep = HZ / 10;
+	rcu_tasks.init_fract = 10;
 	rcu_tasks.pregp_func = rcu_tasks_pregp_step;
 	rcu_tasks.pertask_func = rcu_tasks_pertask;
 	rcu_tasks.postscan_func = rcu_tasks_postscan;
@@ -685,6 +693,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_barrier_tasks_rude);
 
 static int __init rcu_spawn_tasks_rude_kthread(void)
 {
+	rcu_tasks_rude.gp_sleep = HZ / 10;
 	rcu_spawn_tasks_kthread_generic(&rcu_tasks_rude);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -745,9 +754,9 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, trc_ipi_to_cpu);
 
 // The number of detections of task quiescent state relying on
 // heavyweight readers executing explicit memory barriers.
-unsigned long n_heavy_reader_attempts;
-unsigned long n_heavy_reader_updates;
-unsigned long n_heavy_reader_ofl_updates;
+static unsigned long n_heavy_reader_attempts;
+static unsigned long n_heavy_reader_updates;
+static unsigned long n_heavy_reader_ofl_updates;
 
 void call_rcu_tasks_trace(struct rcu_head *rhp, rcu_callback_t func);
 DEFINE_RCU_TASKS(rcu_tasks_trace, rcu_tasks_wait_gp, call_rcu_tasks_trace,
@@ -821,6 +830,12 @@ static void trc_read_check_handler(void *t_in)
 		WRITE_ONCE(t->trc_reader_checked, true);
 		goto reset_ipi;
 	}
+	// If we are racing with an rcu_read_unlock_trace(), try again later.
+	if (unlikely(t->trc_reader_nesting < 0)) {
+		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_dec_and_test(&trc_n_readers_need_end)))
+			wake_up(&trc_wait);
+		goto reset_ipi;
+	}
 	WRITE_ONCE(t->trc_reader_checked, true);
 
 	// Get here if the task is in a read-side critical section.  Set
@@ -911,7 +926,8 @@ static void trc_wait_for_one_reader(struct task_struct *t,
 
 	// If currently running, send an IPI, either way, add to list.
 	trc_add_holdout(t, bhp);
-	if (task_curr(t) && time_after(jiffies, rcu_tasks_trace.gp_start + rcu_task_ipi_delay)) {
+	if (task_curr(t) &&
+	    time_after(jiffies + 1, rcu_tasks_trace.gp_start + rcu_task_ipi_delay)) {
 		// The task is currently running, so try IPIing it.
 		cpu = task_cpu(t);
 
@@ -1072,15 +1088,17 @@ static void rcu_tasks_trace_postgp(struct rcu_tasks *rtp)
 		if (ret)
 			break;  // Count reached zero.
 		// Stall warning time, so make a list of the offenders.
+		rcu_read_lock();
 		for_each_process_thread(g, t)
 			if (READ_ONCE(t->trc_reader_special.b.need_qs))
 				trc_add_holdout(t, &holdouts);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
 		firstreport = true;
-		list_for_each_entry_safe(t, g, &holdouts, trc_holdout_list)
-			if (READ_ONCE(t->trc_reader_special.b.need_qs)) {
+		list_for_each_entry_safe(t, g, &holdouts, trc_holdout_list) {
+			if (READ_ONCE(t->trc_reader_special.b.need_qs))
 				show_stalled_task_trace(t, &firstreport);
-				trc_del_holdout(t);
-			}
+			trc_del_holdout(t); // Release task_struct reference.
+		}
 		if (firstreport)
 			pr_err("INFO: rcu_tasks_trace detected stalls? (Counter/taskslist mismatch?)\n");
 		show_stalled_ipi_trace();
@@ -1163,6 +1181,17 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_barrier_tasks_trace);
 
 static int __init rcu_spawn_tasks_trace_kthread(void)
 {
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU_READ_MB)) {
+		rcu_tasks_trace.gp_sleep = HZ / 10;
+		rcu_tasks_trace.init_fract = 10;
+	} else {
+		rcu_tasks_trace.gp_sleep = HZ / 200;
+		if (rcu_tasks_trace.gp_sleep <= 0)
+			rcu_tasks_trace.gp_sleep = 1;
+		rcu_tasks_trace.init_fract = HZ / 5;
+		if (rcu_tasks_trace.init_fract <= 0)
+			rcu_tasks_trace.init_fract = 1;
+	}
 	rcu_tasks_trace.pregp_func = rcu_tasks_trace_pregp_step;
 	rcu_tasks_trace.pertask_func = rcu_tasks_trace_pertask;
 	rcu_tasks_trace.postscan_func = rcu_tasks_trace_postscan;
diff --git a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
index 36508f46a8db..e118a83439c3 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
 #include <linux/bpf_perf_event.h>
+#include <linux/btf.h>
 #include <linux/filter.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/ctype.h>
@@ -16,6 +17,9 @@
 #include <linux/error-injection.h>
 #include <linux/btf_ids.h>
 
+#include <uapi/linux/bpf.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/btf.h>
+
 #include <asm/tlb.h>
 
 #include "trace_probe.h"
@@ -67,6 +71,10 @@ static struct bpf_raw_event_map *bpf_get_raw_tracepoint_module(const char *name)
 u64 bpf_get_stackid(u64 r1, u64 r2, u64 r3, u64 r4, u64 r5);
 u64 bpf_get_stack(u64 r1, u64 r2, u64 r3, u64 r4, u64 r5);
 
+static int bpf_btf_printf_prepare(struct btf_ptr *ptr, u32 btf_ptr_size,
+				  u64 flags, const struct btf **btf,
+				  s32 *btf_id);
+
 /**
  * trace_call_bpf - invoke BPF program
  * @call: tracepoint event
@@ -772,6 +780,31 @@ static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_seq_write_proto = {
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
 };
 
+BPF_CALL_4(bpf_seq_printf_btf, struct seq_file *, m, struct btf_ptr *, ptr,
+	   u32, btf_ptr_size, u64, flags)
+{
+	const struct btf *btf;
+	s32 btf_id;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = bpf_btf_printf_prepare(ptr, btf_ptr_size, flags, &btf, &btf_id);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return btf_type_seq_show_flags(btf, btf_id, ptr->ptr, m, flags);
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_seq_printf_btf_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_seq_printf_btf,
+	.gpl_only	= true,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg1_btf_id	= &btf_seq_file_ids[0],
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MEM,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
+	.arg4_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
 static __always_inline int
 get_map_perf_counter(struct bpf_map *map, u64 flags,
 		     u64 *value, u64 *enabled, u64 *running)
@@ -1147,6 +1180,65 @@ static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_d_path_proto = {
 	.allowed	= bpf_d_path_allowed,
 };
 
+#define BTF_F_ALL	(BTF_F_COMPACT  | BTF_F_NONAME | \
+			 BTF_F_PTR_RAW | BTF_F_ZERO)
+
+static int bpf_btf_printf_prepare(struct btf_ptr *ptr, u32 btf_ptr_size,
+				  u64 flags, const struct btf **btf,
+				  s32 *btf_id)
+{
+	const struct btf_type *t;
+
+	if (unlikely(flags & ~(BTF_F_ALL)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (btf_ptr_size != sizeof(struct btf_ptr))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	*btf = bpf_get_btf_vmlinux();
+
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(*btf))
+		return PTR_ERR(*btf);
+
+	if (ptr->type_id > 0)
+		*btf_id = ptr->type_id;
+	else
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (*btf_id > 0)
+		t = btf_type_by_id(*btf, *btf_id);
+	if (*btf_id <= 0 || !t)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+BPF_CALL_5(bpf_snprintf_btf, char *, str, u32, str_size, struct btf_ptr *, ptr,
+	   u32, btf_ptr_size, u64, flags)
+{
+	const struct btf *btf;
+	s32 btf_id;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = bpf_btf_printf_prepare(ptr, btf_ptr_size, flags, &btf, &btf_id);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return btf_type_snprintf_show(btf, btf_id, ptr->ptr, str, str_size,
+				      flags);
+}
+
+const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_snprintf_btf_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_snprintf_btf,
+	.gpl_only	= false,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MEM,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MEM,
+	.arg4_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE,
+	.arg5_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
 const struct bpf_func_proto *
 bpf_tracing_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
@@ -1233,6 +1325,8 @@ bpf_tracing_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		return &bpf_get_task_stack_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_copy_from_user:
 		return prog->aux->sleepable ? &bpf_copy_from_user_proto : NULL;
+	case BPF_FUNC_snprintf_btf:
+		return &bpf_snprintf_btf_proto;
 	default:
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -1630,6 +1724,10 @@ tracing_prog_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		return prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_TRACE_ITER ?
 		       &bpf_seq_write_proto :
 		       NULL;
+	case BPF_FUNC_seq_printf_btf:
+		return prog->expected_attach_type == BPF_TRACE_ITER ?
+		       &bpf_seq_printf_btf_proto :
+		       NULL;
 	case BPF_FUNC_d_path:
 		return &bpf_d_path_proto;
 	default:
@@ -1678,6 +1776,7 @@ const struct bpf_verifier_ops raw_tracepoint_verifier_ops = {
 };
 
 const struct bpf_prog_ops raw_tracepoint_prog_ops = {
+	.test_run = bpf_prog_test_run_raw_tp,
 };
 
 const struct bpf_verifier_ops tracing_verifier_ops = {