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+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Example KUnit test to show how to use KUnit.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019, Google LLC.
+ * Author: Brendan Higgins <brendanhiggins@google.com>
+ */
+
+#include <kunit/test.h>
+#include <kunit/static_stub.h>
+
+/*
+ * This is the most fundamental element of KUnit, the test case. A test case
+ * makes a set EXPECTATIONs and ASSERTIONs about the behavior of some code; if
+ * any expectations or assertions are not met, the test fails; otherwise, the
+ * test passes.
+ *
+ * In KUnit, a test case is just a function with the signature
+ * `void (*)(struct kunit *)`. `struct kunit` is a context object that stores
+ * information about the current test.
+ */
+static void example_simple_test(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ /*
+ * This is an EXPECTATION; it is how KUnit tests things. When you want
+ * to test a piece of code, you set some expectations about what the
+ * code should do. KUnit then runs the test and verifies that the code's
+ * behavior matched what was expected.
+ */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, 1 + 1, 2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is run once before each test case, see the comment on
+ * example_test_suite for more information.
+ */
+static int example_test_init(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ kunit_info(test, "initializing\n");
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is run once after each test case, see the comment on
+ * example_test_suite for more information.
+ */
+static void example_test_exit(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ kunit_info(test, "cleaning up\n");
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * This is run once before all test cases in the suite.
+ * See the comment on example_test_suite for more information.
+ */
+static int example_test_init_suite(struct kunit_suite *suite)
+{
+ kunit_info(suite, "initializing suite\n");
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is run once after all test cases in the suite.
+ * See the comment on example_test_suite for more information.
+ */
+static void example_test_exit_suite(struct kunit_suite *suite)
+{
+ kunit_info(suite, "exiting suite\n");
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * This test should always be skipped.
+ */
+static void example_skip_test(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ /* This line should run */
+ kunit_info(test, "You should not see a line below.");
+
+ /* Skip (and abort) the test */
+ kunit_skip(test, "this test should be skipped");
+
+ /* This line should not execute */
+ KUNIT_FAIL(test, "You should not see this line.");
+}
+
+/*
+ * This test should always be marked skipped.
+ */
+static void example_mark_skipped_test(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ /* This line should run */
+ kunit_info(test, "You should see a line below.");
+
+ /* Skip (but do not abort) the test */
+ kunit_mark_skipped(test, "this test should be skipped");
+
+ /* This line should run */
+ kunit_info(test, "You should see this line.");
+}
+
+/*
+ * This test shows off all the types of KUNIT_EXPECT macros.
+ */
+static void example_all_expect_macros_test(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ const u32 array1[] = { 0x0F, 0xFF };
+ const u32 array2[] = { 0x1F, 0xFF };
+
+ /* Boolean assertions */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, true);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, false);
+
+ /* Integer assertions */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, 1, 1); /* check == */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_GE(test, 1, 1); /* check >= */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_LE(test, 1, 1); /* check <= */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NE(test, 1, 0); /* check != */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_GT(test, 1, 0); /* check > */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_LT(test, 0, 1); /* check < */
+
+ /* Pointer assertions */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, test);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_PTR_EQ(test, NULL, NULL);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_PTR_NE(test, test, NULL);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NULL(test, NULL);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NOT_NULL(test, test);
+
+ /* String assertions */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_STREQ(test, "hi", "hi");
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_STRNEQ(test, "hi", "bye");
+
+ /* Memory block assertions */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_MEMEQ(test, array1, array1, sizeof(array1));
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_MEMNEQ(test, array1, array2, sizeof(array1));
+
+ /*
+ * There are also ASSERT variants of all of the above that abort test
+ * execution if they fail. Useful for memory allocations, etc.
+ */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_GT(test, sizeof(char), 0);
+
+ /*
+ * There are also _MSG variants of all of the above that let you include
+ * additional text on failure.
+ */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_GT_MSG(test, sizeof(int), 0, "Your ints are 0-bit?!");
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_GT_MSG(test, sizeof(int), 0, "Your ints are 0-bit?!");
+}
+
+/* This is a function we'll replace with static stubs. */
+static int add_one(int i)
+{
+ /* This will trigger the stub if active. */
+ KUNIT_STATIC_STUB_REDIRECT(add_one, i);
+
+ return i + 1;
+}
+
+/* This is used as a replacement for the above function. */
+static int subtract_one(int i)
+{
+ /* We don't need to trigger the stub from the replacement. */
+
+ return i - 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the function to be replaced is static within a module it is
+ * useful to export a pointer to that function instead of having
+ * to change the static function to a non-static exported function.
+ *
+ * This pointer simulates a module exporting a pointer to a static
+ * function.
+ */
+static int (* const add_one_fn_ptr)(int i) = add_one;
+
+/*
+ * This test shows the use of static stubs.
+ */
+static void example_static_stub_test(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ /* By default, function is not stubbed. */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, add_one(1), 2);
+
+ /* Replace add_one() with subtract_one(). */
+ kunit_activate_static_stub(test, add_one, subtract_one);
+
+ /* add_one() is now replaced. */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, add_one(1), 0);
+
+ /* Return add_one() to normal. */
+ kunit_deactivate_static_stub(test, add_one);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, add_one(1), 2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This test shows the use of static stubs when the function being
+ * replaced is provided as a pointer-to-function instead of the
+ * actual function. This is useful for providing access to static
+ * functions in a module by exporting a pointer to that function
+ * instead of having to change the static function to a non-static
+ * exported function.
+ */
+static void example_static_stub_using_fn_ptr_test(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ /* By default, function is not stubbed. */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, add_one(1), 2);
+
+ /* Replace add_one() with subtract_one(). */
+ kunit_activate_static_stub(test, add_one_fn_ptr, subtract_one);
+
+ /* add_one() is now replaced. */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, add_one(1), 0);
+
+ /* Return add_one() to normal. */
+ kunit_deactivate_static_stub(test, add_one_fn_ptr);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, add_one(1), 2);
+}
+
+static const struct example_param {
+ int value;
+} example_params_array[] = {
+ { .value = 3, },
+ { .value = 2, },
+ { .value = 1, },
+ { .value = 0, },
+};
+
+static void example_param_get_desc(const struct example_param *p, char *desc)
+{
+ snprintf(desc, KUNIT_PARAM_DESC_SIZE, "example value %d", p->value);
+}
+
+KUNIT_ARRAY_PARAM(example, example_params_array, example_param_get_desc);
+
+/*
+ * This test shows the use of params.
+ */
+static void example_params_test(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ const struct example_param *param = test->param_value;
+
+ /* By design, param pointer will not be NULL */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(test, param);
+
+ /* Test can be skipped on unsupported param values */
+ if (!is_power_of_2(param->value))
+ kunit_skip(test, "unsupported param value %d", param->value);
+
+ /* You can use param values for parameterized testing */
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, param->value % param->value, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This test shows the use of test->priv.
+ */
+static void example_priv_test(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ /* unless setup in suite->init(), test->priv is NULL */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_NULL(test, test->priv);
+
+ /* but can be used to pass arbitrary data to other functions */
+ test->priv = kunit_kzalloc(test, 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_NOT_NULL(test, test->priv);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_PTR_EQ(test, test->priv, kunit_get_current_test()->priv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This test should always pass. Can be used to practice filtering attributes.
+ */
+static void example_slow_test(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, 1 + 1, 2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This custom function allocates memory and sets the information we want
+ * stored in the kunit_resource->data field.
+ */
+static int example_resource_init(struct kunit_resource *res, void *context)
+{
+ int *info = kmalloc(sizeof(*info), GFP_KERNEL);
+
+ if (!info)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ *info = *(int *)context;
+ res->data = info;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function deallocates memory for the kunit_resource->data field.
+ */
+static void example_resource_free(struct kunit_resource *res)
+{
+ kfree(res->data);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This match function is invoked by kunit_find_resource() to locate
+ * a test resource based on certain criteria.
+ */
+static bool example_resource_alloc_match(struct kunit *test,
+ struct kunit_resource *res,
+ void *match_data)
+{
+ return res->data && res->free == example_resource_free;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is an example of a function that provides a description for each of the
+ * parameters in a parameterized test.
+ */
+static void example_param_array_get_desc(struct kunit *test, const void *p, char *desc)
+{
+ const struct example_param *param = p;
+
+ snprintf(desc, KUNIT_PARAM_DESC_SIZE,
+ "example check if %d is less than or equal to 3", param->value);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function gets passed in the parameterized test context i.e. the
+ * struct kunit belonging to the parameterized test. You can use this function
+ * to add resources you want shared across the whole parameterized test or
+ * for additional setup.
+ */
+static int example_param_init(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ int ctx = 3; /* Data to be stored. */
+ size_t arr_size = ARRAY_SIZE(example_params_array);
+
+ /*
+ * This allocates a struct kunit_resource, sets its data field to
+ * ctx, and adds it to the struct kunit's resources list. Note that
+ * this is parameterized test managed. So, it doesn't need to have
+ * a custom exit function to deallocation as it will get cleaned up at
+ * the end of the parameterized test.
+ */
+ void *data = kunit_alloc_resource(test, example_resource_init, example_resource_free,
+ GFP_KERNEL, &ctx);
+
+ if (!data)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ /*
+ * Pass the parameter array information to the parameterized test context
+ * struct kunit. Note that you will need to provide kunit_array_gen_params()
+ * as the generator function to KUNIT_CASE_PARAM_WITH_INIT() when registering
+ * a parameter array this route.
+ */
+ kunit_register_params_array(test, example_params_array, arr_size,
+ example_param_array_get_desc);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is an example of a test that uses shared resources available in the
+ * parameterized test context.
+ */
+static void example_params_test_with_init(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ int threshold;
+ struct kunit_resource *res;
+ const struct example_param *param = test->param_value;
+
+ /* By design, param pointer will not be NULL. */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(test, param);
+
+ /*
+ * Here we pass test->parent to search for shared resources in the
+ * parameterized test context.
+ */
+ res = kunit_find_resource(test->parent, example_resource_alloc_match, NULL);
+
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(test, res);
+
+ /* Since kunit_resource->data is a void pointer we need to typecast it. */
+ threshold = *((int *)res->data);
+
+ /* Assert that the parameter is less than or equal to a certain threshold. */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_LE(test, param->value, threshold);
+
+ /* This decreases the reference count after calling kunit_find_resource(). */
+ kunit_put_resource(res);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper function to create a parameter array of Fibonacci numbers. This example
+ * highlights a parameter generation scenario that is:
+ * 1. Not feasible to fully pre-generate at compile time.
+ * 2. Challenging to implement with a standard generate_params() function,
+ * as it only provides the previous parameter, while Fibonacci requires
+ * access to two preceding values for calculation.
+ */
+static void *make_fibonacci_params(struct kunit *test, size_t seq_size)
+{
+ int *seq;
+
+ if (seq_size <= 0)
+ return NULL;
+ /*
+ * Using kunit_kmalloc_array here ties the lifetime of the array to
+ * the parameterized test i.e. it will get automatically cleaned up
+ * by KUnit after the parameterized test finishes.
+ */
+ seq = kunit_kmalloc_array(test, seq_size, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
+
+ if (!seq)
+ return NULL;
+ if (seq_size >= 1)
+ seq[0] = 0;
+ if (seq_size >= 2)
+ seq[1] = 1;
+ for (int i = 2; i < seq_size; i++)
+ seq[i] = seq[i - 1] + seq[i - 2];
+ return seq;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is an example of a function that provides a description for each of the
+ * parameters.
+ */
+static void example_param_dynamic_arr_get_desc(struct kunit *test, const void *p, char *desc)
+{
+ const int *fib_num = p;
+
+ snprintf(desc, KUNIT_PARAM_DESC_SIZE, "fibonacci param: %d", *fib_num);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Example of a parameterized test param_init() function that registers a dynamic
+ * array of parameters.
+ */
+static int example_param_init_dynamic_arr(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ size_t seq_size;
+ int *fibonacci_params;
+
+ kunit_info(test, "initializing parameterized test\n");
+
+ seq_size = 6;
+ fibonacci_params = make_fibonacci_params(test, seq_size);
+
+ if (!fibonacci_params)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ /*
+ * Passes the dynamic parameter array information to the parameterized test
+ * context struct kunit. The array and its metadata will be stored in
+ * test->parent->params_array. The array itself will be located in
+ * params_data.params.
+ *
+ * Note that you will need to pass kunit_array_gen_params() as the
+ * generator function to KUNIT_CASE_PARAM_WITH_INIT() when registering
+ * a parameter array this route.
+ */
+ kunit_register_params_array(test, fibonacci_params, seq_size,
+ example_param_dynamic_arr_get_desc);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Example of a parameterized test param_exit() function that outputs a log
+ * at the end of the parameterized test. It could also be used for any other
+ * teardown logic.
+ */
+static void example_param_exit_dynamic_arr(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ kunit_info(test, "exiting parameterized test\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Example of test that uses the registered dynamic array to perform assertions
+ * and expectations.
+ */
+static void example_params_test_with_init_dynamic_arr(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ const int *param = test->param_value;
+ int param_val;
+
+ /* By design, param pointer will not be NULL. */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(test, param);
+
+ param_val = *param;
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, param_val - param_val, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Here we make a list of all the test cases we want to add to the test suite
+ * below.
+ */
+static struct kunit_case example_test_cases[] = {
+ /*
+ * This is a helper to create a test case object from a test case
+ * function; its exact function is not important to understand how to
+ * use KUnit, just know that this is how you associate test cases with a
+ * test suite.
+ */
+ KUNIT_CASE(example_simple_test),
+ KUNIT_CASE(example_skip_test),
+ KUNIT_CASE(example_mark_skipped_test),
+ KUNIT_CASE(example_all_expect_macros_test),
+ KUNIT_CASE(example_static_stub_test),
+ KUNIT_CASE(example_static_stub_using_fn_ptr_test),
+ KUNIT_CASE(example_priv_test),
+ KUNIT_CASE_PARAM(example_params_test, example_gen_params),
+ KUNIT_CASE_PARAM_WITH_INIT(example_params_test_with_init, kunit_array_gen_params,
+ example_param_init, NULL),
+ KUNIT_CASE_PARAM_WITH_INIT(example_params_test_with_init_dynamic_arr,
+ kunit_array_gen_params, example_param_init_dynamic_arr,
+ example_param_exit_dynamic_arr),
+ KUNIT_CASE_SLOW(example_slow_test),
+ {}
+};
+
+/*
+ * This defines a suite or grouping of tests.
+ *
+ * Test cases are defined as belonging to the suite by adding them to
+ * `kunit_cases`.
+ *
+ * Often it is desirable to run some function which will set up things which
+ * will be used by every test; this is accomplished with an `init` function
+ * which runs before each test case is invoked. Similarly, an `exit` function
+ * may be specified which runs after every test case and can be used to for
+ * cleanup. For clarity, running tests in a test suite would behave as follows:
+ *
+ * suite.suite_init(suite);
+ * suite.init(test);
+ * suite.test_case[0](test);
+ * suite.exit(test);
+ * suite.init(test);
+ * suite.test_case[1](test);
+ * suite.exit(test);
+ * suite.suite_exit(suite);
+ * ...;
+ */
+static struct kunit_suite example_test_suite = {
+ .name = "example",
+ .init = example_test_init,
+ .exit = example_test_exit,
+ .suite_init = example_test_init_suite,
+ .suite_exit = example_test_exit_suite,
+ .test_cases = example_test_cases,
+};
+
+/*
+ * This registers the above test suite telling KUnit that this is a suite of
+ * tests that need to be run.
+ */
+kunit_test_suites(&example_test_suite);
+
+static int __init init_add(int x, int y)
+{
+ return (x + y);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This test should always pass. Can be used to test init suites.
+ */
+static void __init example_init_test(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, init_add(1, 1), 2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The kunit_case struct cannot be marked as __initdata as this will be
+ * used in debugfs to retrieve results after test has run
+ */
+static struct kunit_case __refdata example_init_test_cases[] = {
+ KUNIT_CASE(example_init_test),
+ {}
+};
+
+/*
+ * The kunit_suite struct cannot be marked as __initdata as this will be
+ * used in debugfs to retrieve results after test has run
+ */
+static struct kunit_suite example_init_test_suite = {
+ .name = "example_init",
+ .test_cases = example_init_test_cases,
+};
+
+/*
+ * This registers the test suite and marks the suite as using init data
+ * and/or functions.
+ */
+kunit_test_init_section_suites(&example_init_test_suite);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Example KUnit test suite");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");