diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'net/ipv6/seg6_iptunnel.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | net/ipv6/seg6_iptunnel.c | 489 |
1 files changed, 408 insertions, 81 deletions
diff --git a/net/ipv6/seg6_iptunnel.c b/net/ipv6/seg6_iptunnel.c index 264d772d3c7d..3e1b9991131a 100644 --- a/net/ipv6/seg6_iptunnel.c +++ b/net/ipv6/seg6_iptunnel.c @@ -1,14 +1,9 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later /* * SR-IPv6 implementation * * Author: * David Lebrun <david.lebrun@uclouvain.be> - * - * - * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or - * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License - * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version - * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. */ #include <linux/types.h> @@ -16,6 +11,7 @@ #include <linux/net.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <net/ip.h> +#include <net/ip_tunnels.h> #include <net/lwtunnel.h> #include <net/netevent.h> #include <net/netns/generic.h> @@ -30,10 +26,30 @@ #ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_SEG6_HMAC #include <net/seg6_hmac.h> #endif +#include <linux/netfilter.h> + +static size_t seg6_lwt_headroom(struct seg6_iptunnel_encap *tuninfo) +{ + int head = 0; + + switch (tuninfo->mode) { + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_INLINE: + break; + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_ENCAP: + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_ENCAP_RED: + head = sizeof(struct ipv6hdr); + break; + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_L2ENCAP: + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_L2ENCAP_RED: + return 0; + } + + return ((tuninfo->srh->hdrlen + 1) << 3) + head; +} struct seg6_lwt { struct dst_cache cache; - struct seg6_iptunnel_encap tuninfo[0]; + struct seg6_iptunnel_encap tuninfo[]; }; static inline struct seg6_lwt *seg6_lwt_lwtunnel(struct lwtunnel_state *lwt) @@ -90,22 +106,44 @@ static void set_tun_src(struct net *net, struct net_device *dev, rcu_read_unlock(); } -/* encapsulate an IPv6 packet within an outer IPv6 header with a given SRH */ -static int seg6_do_srh_encap(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh) +/* Compute flowlabel for outer IPv6 header */ +static __be32 seg6_make_flowlabel(struct net *net, struct sk_buff *skb, + struct ipv6hdr *inner_hdr) { - struct net *net = dev_net(skb_dst(skb)->dev); + int do_flowlabel = net->ipv6.sysctl.seg6_flowlabel; + __be32 flowlabel = 0; + u32 hash; + + if (do_flowlabel > 0) { + hash = skb_get_hash(skb); + hash = rol32(hash, 16); + flowlabel = (__force __be32)hash & IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MASK; + } else if (!do_flowlabel && skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) { + flowlabel = ip6_flowlabel(inner_hdr); + } + return flowlabel; +} + +static int __seg6_do_srh_encap(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh, + int proto, struct dst_entry *cache_dst) +{ + struct dst_entry *dst = skb_dst(skb); + struct net_device *dev = dst_dev(dst); + struct net *net = dev_net(dev); struct ipv6hdr *hdr, *inner_hdr; struct ipv6_sr_hdr *isrh; int hdrlen, tot_len, err; + __be32 flowlabel; hdrlen = (osrh->hdrlen + 1) << 3; tot_len = hdrlen + sizeof(*hdr); - err = skb_cow_head(skb, tot_len); + err = skb_cow_head(skb, tot_len + dst_dev_overhead(cache_dst, skb)); if (unlikely(err)) return err; inner_hdr = ipv6_hdr(skb); + flowlabel = seg6_make_flowlabel(net, skb, inner_hdr); skb_push(skb, tot_len); skb_reset_network_header(skb); @@ -116,18 +154,35 @@ static int seg6_do_srh_encap(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh) * hlim will be decremented in ip6_forward() afterwards and * decapsulation will overwrite inner hlim with outer hlim */ - ip6_flow_hdr(hdr, ip6_tclass(ip6_flowinfo(inner_hdr)), - ip6_flowlabel(inner_hdr)); - hdr->hop_limit = inner_hdr->hop_limit; + + if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) { + ip6_flow_hdr(hdr, ip6_tclass(ip6_flowinfo(inner_hdr)), + flowlabel); + hdr->hop_limit = inner_hdr->hop_limit; + } else { + ip6_flow_hdr(hdr, 0, flowlabel); + hdr->hop_limit = ip6_dst_hoplimit(skb_dst(skb)); + + memset(IP6CB(skb), 0, sizeof(*IP6CB(skb))); + + /* the control block has been erased, so we have to set the + * iif once again. + * We read the receiving interface index directly from the + * skb->skb_iif as it is done in the IPv4 receiving path (i.e.: + * ip_rcv_core(...)). + */ + IP6CB(skb)->iif = skb->skb_iif; + } + hdr->nexthdr = NEXTHDR_ROUTING; isrh = (void *)hdr + sizeof(*hdr); memcpy(isrh, osrh, hdrlen); - isrh->nexthdr = NEXTHDR_IPV6; + isrh->nexthdr = proto; hdr->daddr = isrh->segments[isrh->first_segment]; - set_tun_src(net, skb->dev, &hdr->daddr, &hdr->saddr); + set_tun_src(net, dev, &hdr->daddr, &hdr->saddr); #ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_SEG6_HMAC if (sr_has_hmac(isrh)) { @@ -137,14 +192,142 @@ static int seg6_do_srh_encap(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh) } #endif + hdr->payload_len = htons(skb->len - sizeof(struct ipv6hdr)); + skb_postpush_rcsum(skb, hdr, tot_len); return 0; } -/* insert an SRH within an IPv6 packet, just after the IPv6 header */ -#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_SEG6_INLINE -static int seg6_do_srh_inline(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh) +/* encapsulate an IPv6 packet within an outer IPv6 header with a given SRH */ +int seg6_do_srh_encap(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh, int proto) +{ + return __seg6_do_srh_encap(skb, osrh, proto, NULL); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(seg6_do_srh_encap); + +/* encapsulate an IPv6 packet within an outer IPv6 header with reduced SRH */ +static int seg6_do_srh_encap_red(struct sk_buff *skb, + struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh, int proto, + struct dst_entry *cache_dst) +{ + __u8 first_seg = osrh->first_segment; + struct dst_entry *dst = skb_dst(skb); + struct net_device *dev = dst_dev(dst); + struct net *net = dev_net(dev); + struct ipv6hdr *hdr, *inner_hdr; + int hdrlen = ipv6_optlen(osrh); + int red_tlv_offset, tlv_offset; + struct ipv6_sr_hdr *isrh; + bool skip_srh = false; + __be32 flowlabel; + int tot_len, err; + int red_hdrlen; + int tlvs_len; + + if (first_seg > 0) { + red_hdrlen = hdrlen - sizeof(struct in6_addr); + } else { + /* NOTE: if tag/flags and/or other TLVs are introduced in the + * seg6_iptunnel infrastructure, they should be considered when + * deciding to skip the SRH. + */ + skip_srh = !sr_has_hmac(osrh); + + red_hdrlen = skip_srh ? 0 : hdrlen; + } + + tot_len = red_hdrlen + sizeof(struct ipv6hdr); + + err = skb_cow_head(skb, tot_len + dst_dev_overhead(cache_dst, skb)); + if (unlikely(err)) + return err; + + inner_hdr = ipv6_hdr(skb); + flowlabel = seg6_make_flowlabel(net, skb, inner_hdr); + + skb_push(skb, tot_len); + skb_reset_network_header(skb); + skb_mac_header_rebuild(skb); + hdr = ipv6_hdr(skb); + + /* based on seg6_do_srh_encap() */ + if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) { + ip6_flow_hdr(hdr, ip6_tclass(ip6_flowinfo(inner_hdr)), + flowlabel); + hdr->hop_limit = inner_hdr->hop_limit; + } else { + ip6_flow_hdr(hdr, 0, flowlabel); + hdr->hop_limit = ip6_dst_hoplimit(skb_dst(skb)); + + memset(IP6CB(skb), 0, sizeof(*IP6CB(skb))); + IP6CB(skb)->iif = skb->skb_iif; + } + + /* no matter if we have to skip the SRH or not, the first segment + * always comes in the pushed IPv6 header. + */ + hdr->daddr = osrh->segments[first_seg]; + + if (skip_srh) { + hdr->nexthdr = proto; + + set_tun_src(net, dev, &hdr->daddr, &hdr->saddr); + goto out; + } + + /* we cannot skip the SRH, slow path */ + + hdr->nexthdr = NEXTHDR_ROUTING; + isrh = (void *)hdr + sizeof(struct ipv6hdr); + + if (unlikely(!first_seg)) { + /* this is a very rare case; we have only one SID but + * we cannot skip the SRH since we are carrying some + * other info. + */ + memcpy(isrh, osrh, hdrlen); + goto srcaddr; + } + + tlv_offset = sizeof(*osrh) + (first_seg + 1) * sizeof(struct in6_addr); + red_tlv_offset = tlv_offset - sizeof(struct in6_addr); + + memcpy(isrh, osrh, red_tlv_offset); + + tlvs_len = hdrlen - tlv_offset; + if (unlikely(tlvs_len > 0)) { + const void *s = (const void *)osrh + tlv_offset; + void *d = (void *)isrh + red_tlv_offset; + + memcpy(d, s, tlvs_len); + } + + --isrh->first_segment; + isrh->hdrlen -= 2; + +srcaddr: + isrh->nexthdr = proto; + set_tun_src(net, dev, &hdr->daddr, &hdr->saddr); + +#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_SEG6_HMAC + if (unlikely(!skip_srh && sr_has_hmac(isrh))) { + err = seg6_push_hmac(net, &hdr->saddr, isrh); + if (unlikely(err)) + return err; + } +#endif + +out: + hdr->payload_len = htons(skb->len - sizeof(struct ipv6hdr)); + + skb_postpush_rcsum(skb, hdr, tot_len); + + return 0; +} + +static int __seg6_do_srh_inline(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh, + struct dst_entry *cache_dst) { struct ipv6hdr *hdr, *oldhdr; struct ipv6_sr_hdr *isrh; @@ -152,7 +335,7 @@ static int seg6_do_srh_inline(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh) hdrlen = (osrh->hdrlen + 1) << 3; - err = skb_cow_head(skb, hdrlen); + err = skb_cow_head(skb, hdrlen + dst_dev_overhead(cache_dst, skb)); if (unlikely(err)) return err; @@ -181,7 +364,7 @@ static int seg6_do_srh_inline(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh) #ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_SEG6_HMAC if (sr_has_hmac(isrh)) { - struct net *net = dev_net(skb_dst(skb)->dev); + struct net *net = skb_dst_dev_net(skb); err = seg6_push_hmac(net, &hdr->saddr, isrh); if (unlikely(err)) @@ -189,110 +372,210 @@ static int seg6_do_srh_inline(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh) } #endif + hdr->payload_len = htons(skb->len - sizeof(struct ipv6hdr)); + skb_postpush_rcsum(skb, hdr, sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) + hdrlen); return 0; } -#endif -static int seg6_do_srh(struct sk_buff *skb) +static int seg6_do_srh(struct sk_buff *skb, struct dst_entry *cache_dst) { struct dst_entry *dst = skb_dst(skb); struct seg6_iptunnel_encap *tinfo; - int err = 0; + int proto, err = 0; tinfo = seg6_encap_lwtunnel(dst->lwtstate); - if (likely(!skb->encapsulation)) { - skb_reset_inner_headers(skb); - skb->encapsulation = 1; - } - switch (tinfo->mode) { -#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_SEG6_INLINE case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_INLINE: - err = seg6_do_srh_inline(skb, tinfo->srh); - skb_reset_inner_headers(skb); + if (skb->protocol != htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) + return -EINVAL; + + err = __seg6_do_srh_inline(skb, tinfo->srh, cache_dst); + if (err) + return err; break; -#endif case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_ENCAP: - err = seg6_do_srh_encap(skb, tinfo->srh); + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_ENCAP_RED: + err = iptunnel_handle_offloads(skb, SKB_GSO_IPXIP6); + if (err) + return err; + + if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) + proto = IPPROTO_IPV6; + else if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IP)) + proto = IPPROTO_IPIP; + else + return -EINVAL; + + if (tinfo->mode == SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_ENCAP) + err = __seg6_do_srh_encap(skb, tinfo->srh, + proto, cache_dst); + else + err = seg6_do_srh_encap_red(skb, tinfo->srh, + proto, cache_dst); + + if (err) + return err; + + skb_set_inner_transport_header(skb, skb_transport_offset(skb)); + skb_set_inner_protocol(skb, skb->protocol); + skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IPV6); break; - } + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_L2ENCAP: + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_L2ENCAP_RED: + if (!skb_mac_header_was_set(skb)) + return -EINVAL; + + if (pskb_expand_head(skb, skb->mac_len, 0, GFP_ATOMIC) < 0) + return -ENOMEM; + + skb_mac_header_rebuild(skb); + skb_push(skb, skb->mac_len); + + if (tinfo->mode == SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_L2ENCAP) + err = __seg6_do_srh_encap(skb, tinfo->srh, + IPPROTO_ETHERNET, + cache_dst); + else + err = seg6_do_srh_encap_red(skb, tinfo->srh, + IPPROTO_ETHERNET, + cache_dst); + + if (err) + return err; - if (err) - return err; + skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IPV6); + break; + } - ipv6_hdr(skb)->payload_len = htons(skb->len - sizeof(struct ipv6hdr)); skb_set_transport_header(skb, sizeof(struct ipv6hdr)); - - skb_set_inner_protocol(skb, skb->protocol); + nf_reset_ct(skb); return 0; } -static int seg6_input(struct sk_buff *skb) +/* insert an SRH within an IPv6 packet, just after the IPv6 header */ +int seg6_do_srh_inline(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ipv6_sr_hdr *osrh) +{ + return __seg6_do_srh_inline(skb, osrh, NULL); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(seg6_do_srh_inline); + +static int seg6_input_finish(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, + struct sk_buff *skb) +{ + return dst_input(skb); +} + +static int seg6_input_core(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, + struct sk_buff *skb) { struct dst_entry *orig_dst = skb_dst(skb); struct dst_entry *dst = NULL; + struct lwtunnel_state *lwtst; struct seg6_lwt *slwt; int err; - err = seg6_do_srh(skb); - if (unlikely(err)) { - kfree_skb(skb); - return err; - } + /* We cannot dereference "orig_dst" once ip6_route_input() or + * skb_dst_drop() is called. However, in order to detect a dst loop, we + * need the address of its lwtstate. So, save the address of lwtstate + * now and use it later as a comparison. + */ + lwtst = orig_dst->lwtstate; - slwt = seg6_lwt_lwtunnel(orig_dst->lwtstate); + slwt = seg6_lwt_lwtunnel(lwtst); - preempt_disable(); + local_bh_disable(); dst = dst_cache_get(&slwt->cache); - preempt_enable(); + local_bh_enable(); - skb_dst_drop(skb); + err = seg6_do_srh(skb, dst); + if (unlikely(err)) { + dst_release(dst); + goto drop; + } if (!dst) { ip6_route_input(skb); dst = skb_dst(skb); - if (!dst->error) { - preempt_disable(); + + /* cache only if we don't create a dst reference loop */ + if (!dst->error && lwtst != dst->lwtstate) { + local_bh_disable(); dst_cache_set_ip6(&slwt->cache, dst, &ipv6_hdr(skb)->saddr); - preempt_enable(); + local_bh_enable(); } + + err = skb_cow_head(skb, LL_RESERVED_SPACE(dst_dev(dst))); + if (unlikely(err)) + goto drop; } else { + skb_dst_drop(skb); skb_dst_set(skb, dst); } - err = skb_cow_head(skb, LL_RESERVED_SPACE(dst->dev)); - if (unlikely(err)) - return err; + if (static_branch_unlikely(&nf_hooks_lwtunnel_enabled)) + return NF_HOOK(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT, + dev_net(skb->dev), NULL, skb, NULL, + skb_dst_dev(skb), seg6_input_finish); - return dst_input(skb); + return seg6_input_finish(dev_net(skb->dev), NULL, skb); +drop: + kfree_skb(skb); + return err; } -static int seg6_output(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb) +static int seg6_input_nf(struct sk_buff *skb) +{ + struct net_device *dev = skb_dst_dev(skb); + struct net *net = dev_net(skb->dev); + + switch (skb->protocol) { + case htons(ETH_P_IP): + return NF_HOOK(NFPROTO_IPV4, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING, net, NULL, + skb, NULL, dev, seg6_input_core); + case htons(ETH_P_IPV6): + return NF_HOOK(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING, net, NULL, + skb, NULL, dev, seg6_input_core); + } + + return -EINVAL; +} + +static int seg6_input(struct sk_buff *skb) +{ + if (static_branch_unlikely(&nf_hooks_lwtunnel_enabled)) + return seg6_input_nf(skb); + + return seg6_input_core(dev_net(skb->dev), NULL, skb); +} + +static int seg6_output_core(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, + struct sk_buff *skb) { struct dst_entry *orig_dst = skb_dst(skb); struct dst_entry *dst = NULL; struct seg6_lwt *slwt; - int err = -EINVAL; - - err = seg6_do_srh(skb); - if (unlikely(err)) - goto drop; + int err; slwt = seg6_lwt_lwtunnel(orig_dst->lwtstate); - preempt_disable(); + local_bh_disable(); dst = dst_cache_get(&slwt->cache); - preempt_enable(); + local_bh_enable(); + + err = seg6_do_srh(skb, dst); + if (unlikely(err)) + goto drop; if (unlikely(!dst)) { struct ipv6hdr *hdr = ipv6_hdr(skb); struct flowi6 fl6; + memset(&fl6, 0, sizeof(fl6)); fl6.daddr = hdr->daddr; fl6.saddr = hdr->saddr; fl6.flowlabel = ip6_flowinfo(hdr); @@ -302,29 +585,60 @@ static int seg6_output(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb) dst = ip6_route_output(net, NULL, &fl6); if (dst->error) { err = dst->error; - dst_release(dst); goto drop; } - preempt_disable(); - dst_cache_set_ip6(&slwt->cache, dst, &fl6.saddr); - preempt_enable(); + /* cache only if we don't create a dst reference loop */ + if (orig_dst->lwtstate != dst->lwtstate) { + local_bh_disable(); + dst_cache_set_ip6(&slwt->cache, dst, &fl6.saddr); + local_bh_enable(); + } + + err = skb_cow_head(skb, LL_RESERVED_SPACE(dst_dev(dst))); + if (unlikely(err)) + goto drop; } skb_dst_drop(skb); skb_dst_set(skb, dst); - err = skb_cow_head(skb, LL_RESERVED_SPACE(dst->dev)); - if (unlikely(err)) - goto drop; + if (static_branch_unlikely(&nf_hooks_lwtunnel_enabled)) + return NF_HOOK(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT, net, sk, skb, + NULL, dst_dev(dst), dst_output); return dst_output(net, sk, skb); drop: + dst_release(dst); kfree_skb(skb); return err; } -static int seg6_build_state(struct nlattr *nla, +static int seg6_output_nf(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb) +{ + struct net_device *dev = skb_dst_dev(skb); + + switch (skb->protocol) { + case htons(ETH_P_IP): + return NF_HOOK(NFPROTO_IPV4, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING, net, sk, skb, + NULL, dev, seg6_output_core); + case htons(ETH_P_IPV6): + return NF_HOOK(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING, net, sk, skb, + NULL, dev, seg6_output_core); + } + + return -EINVAL; +} + +static int seg6_output(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb) +{ + if (static_branch_unlikely(&nf_hooks_lwtunnel_enabled)) + return seg6_output_nf(net, sk, skb); + + return seg6_output_core(net, sk, skb); +} + +static int seg6_build_state(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, unsigned int family, const void *cfg, struct lwtunnel_state **ts, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack) @@ -336,8 +650,11 @@ static int seg6_build_state(struct nlattr *nla, struct seg6_lwt *slwt; int err; - err = nla_parse_nested(tb, SEG6_IPTUNNEL_MAX, nla, - seg6_iptunnel_policy, extack); + if (family != AF_INET && family != AF_INET6) + return -EINVAL; + + err = nla_parse_nested_deprecated(tb, SEG6_IPTUNNEL_MAX, nla, + seg6_iptunnel_policy, extack); if (err < 0) return err; @@ -357,18 +674,25 @@ static int seg6_build_state(struct nlattr *nla, return -EINVAL; switch (tuninfo->mode) { -#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_SEG6_INLINE case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_INLINE: + if (family != AF_INET6) + return -EINVAL; + break; -#endif case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_ENCAP: break; + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_L2ENCAP: + break; + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_ENCAP_RED: + break; + case SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_L2ENCAP_RED: + break; default: return -EINVAL; } /* verify that SRH is consistent */ - if (!seg6_validate_srh(tuninfo->srh, tuninfo_len - sizeof(*tuninfo))) + if (!seg6_validate_srh(tuninfo->srh, tuninfo_len - sizeof(*tuninfo), false)) return -EINVAL; newts = lwtunnel_state_alloc(tuninfo_len + sizeof(*slwt)); @@ -377,7 +701,7 @@ static int seg6_build_state(struct nlattr *nla, slwt = seg6_lwt_lwtunnel(newts); - err = dst_cache_init(&slwt->cache, GFP_KERNEL); + err = dst_cache_init(&slwt->cache, GFP_ATOMIC); if (err) { kfree(newts); return err; @@ -386,8 +710,11 @@ static int seg6_build_state(struct nlattr *nla, memcpy(&slwt->tuninfo, tuninfo, tuninfo_len); newts->type = LWTUNNEL_ENCAP_SEG6; - newts->flags |= LWTUNNEL_STATE_OUTPUT_REDIRECT | - LWTUNNEL_STATE_INPUT_REDIRECT; + newts->flags |= LWTUNNEL_STATE_INPUT_REDIRECT; + + if (tuninfo->mode != SEG6_IPTUN_MODE_L2ENCAP) + newts->flags |= LWTUNNEL_STATE_OUTPUT_REDIRECT; + newts->headroom = seg6_lwt_headroom(tuninfo); *ts = newts; |
