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The Itanium architecture is obsolete, and an informal survey [0] reveals
that any residual use of Itanium hardware in production is mostly HP-UX
or OpenVMS based. The use of Linux on Itanium appears to be limited to
enthusiasts that occasionally boot a fresh Linux kernel to see whether
things are still working as intended, and perhaps to churn out some
distro packages that are rarely used in practice.
None of the original companies behind Itanium still produce or support
any hardware or software for the architecture, and it is listed as
'Orphaned' in the MAINTAINERS file, as apparently, none of the engineers
that contributed on behalf of those companies (nor anyone else, for that
matter) have been willing to support or maintain the architecture
upstream or even be responsible for applying the odd fix. The Intel
firmware team removed all IA-64 support from the Tianocore/EDK2
reference implementation of EFI in 2018. (Itanium is the original
architecture for which EFI was developed, and the way Linux supports it
deviates significantly from other architectures.) Some distros, such as
Debian and Gentoo, still maintain [unofficial] ia64 ports, but many have
dropped support years ago.
While the argument is being made [1] that there is a 'for the common
good' angle to being able to build and run existing projects such as the
Grid Community Toolkit [2] on Itanium for interoperability testing, the
fact remains that none of those projects are known to be deployed on
Linux/ia64, and very few people actually have access to such a system in
the first place. Even if there were ways imaginable in which Linux/ia64
could be put to good use today, what matters is whether anyone is
actually doing that, and this does not appear to be the case.
There are no emulators widely available, and so boot testing Itanium is
generally infeasible for ordinary contributors. GCC still supports IA-64
but its compile farm [3] no longer has any IA-64 machines. GLIBC would
like to get rid of IA-64 [4] too because it would permit some overdue
code cleanups. In summary, the benefits to the ecosystem of having IA-64
be part of it are mostly theoretical, whereas the maintenance overhead
of keeping it supported is real.
So let's rip off the band aid, and remove the IA-64 arch code entirely.
This follows the timeline proposed by the Debian/ia64 maintainer [5],
which removes support in a controlled manner, leaving IA-64 in a known
good state in the most recent LTS release. Other projects will follow
once the kernel support is removed.
[0] https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAMj1kXFCMh_578jniKpUtx_j8ByHnt=s7S+yQ+vGbKt9ud7+kQ@mail.gmail.com/
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/0075883c-7c51-00f5-2c2d-5119c1820410@web.de/
[2] https://gridcf.org/gct-docs/latest/index.html
[3] https://cfarm.tetaneutral.net/machines/list/
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/all/87bkiilpc4.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de/
[5] https://lore.kernel.org/all/ff58a3e76e5102c94bb5946d99187b358def688a.camel@physik.fu-berlin.de/
Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
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The printk header file includes ratelimit_types.h for its __ratelimit()
based usage. It is required for the static initializer used in
printk_ratelimited(). It uses a raw_spinlock_t and includes the
spinlock_types.h.
PREEMPT_RT substitutes spinlock_t with a rtmutex based implementation and so
its spinlock_t implmentation (provided by spinlock_rt.h) includes rtmutex.h and
atomic.h which leads to recursive includes where defines are missing.
By including only the raw_spinlock_t defines it avoids the atomic.h
related includes at this stage.
An example on powerpc:
| CALL scripts/atomic/check-atomics.sh
|In file included from include/linux/bug.h:5,
| from include/linux/page-flags.h:10,
| from kernel/bounds.c:10:
|arch/powerpc/include/asm/page_32.h: In function âclear_pageâ:
|arch/powerpc/include/asm/bug.h:87:4: error: implicit declaration of function â=80=98__WARNâ=80=99 [-Werror=3Dimplicit-function-declaration]
| 87 | __WARN(); \
| | ^~~~~~
|arch/powerpc/include/asm/page_32.h:48:2: note: in expansion of macro âWARN_ONâ=99
| 48 | WARN_ON((unsigned long)addr & (L1_CACHE_BYTES - 1));
| | ^~~~~~~
|arch/powerpc/include/asm/bug.h:58:17: error: invalid application of âsizeofâ=99 to incomplete type âstruct bug_entryâ=99
| 58 | "i" (sizeof(struct bug_entry)), \
| | ^~~~~~
|arch/powerpc/include/asm/bug.h:89:3: note: in expansion of macro âBUG_ENTRYâ=99
| 89 | BUG_ENTRY(PPC_TLNEI " %4, 0", \
| | ^~~~~~~~~
|arch/powerpc/include/asm/page_32.h:48:2: note: in expansion of macro âWARN_ONâ=99
| 48 | WARN_ON((unsigned long)addr & (L1_CACHE_BYTES - 1));
| | ^~~~~~~
|In file included from arch/powerpc/include/asm/ptrace.h:298,
| from arch/powerpc/include/asm/hw_irq.h:12,
| from arch/powerpc/include/asm/irqflags.h:12,
| from include/linux/irqflags.h:16,
| from include/asm-generic/cmpxchg-local.h:6,
| from arch/powerpc/include/asm/cmpxchg.h:526,
| from arch/powerpc/include/asm/atomic.h:11,
| from include/linux/atomic.h:7,
| from include/linux/rwbase_rt.h:6,
| from include/linux/rwlock_types.h:55,
| from include/linux/spinlock_types.h:74,
| from include/linux/ratelimit_types.h:7,
| from include/linux/printk.h:10,
| from include/asm-generic/bug.h:22,
| from arch/powerpc/include/asm/bug.h:109,
| from include/linux/bug.h:5,
| from include/linux/page-flags.h:10,
| from kernel/bounds.c:10:
|include/linux/thread_info.h: In function â=80=98copy_overflowâ=80=99:
|include/linux/thread_info.h:210:2: error: implicit declaration of function â=80=98WARNâ=80=99 [-Werror=3Dimplicit-function-declaration]
| 210 | WARN(1, "Buffer overflow detected (%d < %lu)!\n", size, count);
| | ^~~~
The WARN / BUG include pulls in printk.h and then ptrace.h expects WARN
(from bug.h) which is not yet complete. Even hw_irq.h has WARN_ON()
statements.
On POWERPC64 there are missing atomic64 defines while building 32bit
VDSO:
| VDSO32C arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso32/vgettimeofday.o
|In file included from include/linux/atomic.h:80,
| from include/linux/rwbase_rt.h:6,
| from include/linux/rwlock_types.h:55,
| from include/linux/spinlock_types.h:74,
| from include/linux/ratelimit_types.h:7,
| from include/linux/printk.h:10,
| from include/linux/kernel.h:19,
| from arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h:11,
| from arch/powerpc/include/asm/vdso/gettimeofday.h:5,
| from include/vdso/datapage.h:137,
| from lib/vdso/gettimeofday.c:5,
| from <command-line>:
|include/linux/atomic-arch-fallback.h: In function âarch_atomic64_incâ=99:
|include/linux/atomic-arch-fallback.h:1447:2: error: implicit declaration of function âarch_atomic64_addâ; did you mean âarch_atomic_addâ? [-Werror=3Dimpl
|icit-function-declaration]
| 1447 | arch_atomic64_add(1, v);
| | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| | arch_atomic_add
The generic fallback is not included, atomics itself are not used. If
kernel.h does not include printk.h then it comes later from the bug.h
include.
Allow asm/spinlock_types.h to be included from
linux/spinlock_types_raw.h.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211129174654.668506-12-bigeasy@linutronix.de
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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Not strictly necessary for -rt as -rt does not have non sleeping
rwlocks, but it's odd to not have a consistent naming convention.
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
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Further name space cleanup. No functional change
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
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The raw_spin* namespace was taken by lockdep for the architecture
specific implementations. raw_spin_* would be the ideal name space for
the spinlocks which are not converted to sleeping locks in preempt-rt.
Linus suggested to convert the raw_ to arch_ locks and cleanup the
name space instead of using an artifical name like core_spin,
atomic_spin or whatever
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
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Linus pointed out that other people have spent large amounts of time
and effort to optimize the layout of frequently used structures. Often
these have embedded locks, and the assumption is that a lock takes
4 bytes. Linus also pointed out how to work with the limited options
for atomic instructions on Itanium.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
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Back in January 2008 Nick Piggin implemented "ticket" spinlocks
for X86 (See commit 314cdbefd1fd0a7acf3780e9628465b77ea6a836).
IA64 implementation has a couple of differences because of the
available atomic operations ... e.g. we have no fetchadd2 instruction
that operates on a 16-bit quantity so we make ticket locks use
a 32-bit word for each of the current ticket and now-serving values.
Performance on uncontended locks is about 8% worse than the previous
implementation, but this seems a good trade for determinism in the
contended case. Performance impact on macro-level benchmarks is in
the noise.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
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After moving the the include files there were a few clean-ups:
1) Some files used #include <asm-ia64/xyz.h>, changed to <asm/xyz.h>
2) Some comments alerted maintainers to look at various header files to
make matching updates if certain code were to be changed. Updated these
comments to use the new include paths.
3) Some header files mentioned their own names in initial comments. Just
deleted these self references.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
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