summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/init/main.c
blob: 2cd736059416f90e5347a3f965d1b6c3e25434fa (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 *  linux/init/main.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 *
 *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
 *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
 *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
 *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
 */

#define DEBUG		/* Enable initcall_debug */

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/extable.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/binfmts.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/initrd.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/acpi.h>
#include <linux/console.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/profile.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/cgroup.h>
#include <linux/efi.h>
#include <linux/tick.h>
#include <linux/sched/isolation.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
#include <linux/delayacct.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <linux/utsname.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/key.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/page_ext.h>
#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
#include <linux/lockdep.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/init.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
#include <linux/kgdb.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/async.h>
#include <linux/sfi.h>
#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/pti.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/elevator.h>
#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/context_tracking.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/integrity.h>
#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/cache.h>
#include <linux/rodata_test.h>
#include <linux/jump_label.h>
#include <linux/mem_encrypt.h>

#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/bugs.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/initcall.h>

static int kernel_init(void *);

extern void init_IRQ(void);
extern void radix_tree_init(void);

/*
 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled.  This means
 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
 * flag is set.
 */
bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;

enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);

/*
 * Boot command-line arguments
 */
#define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
#define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT

extern void time_init(void);
/* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);

/* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
/* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
char *saved_command_line;
/* Command line for parameter parsing */
static char *static_command_line;
/* Command line for per-initcall parameter parsing */
static char *initcall_command_line;

static char *execute_command;
static char *ramdisk_execute_command;

/*
 * Used to generate warnings if static_key manipulation functions are used
 * before jump_label_init is called.
 */
bool static_key_initialized __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(static_key_initialized);

/*
 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
 *
 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
 * For ex. kdump situation where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
 */
unsigned int reset_devices;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);

static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
{
	reset_devices = 1;
	return 1;
}

__setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);

static const char *argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
const char *envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;

extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];

static bool __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
{
	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
	bool had_early_param = false;

	p = __setup_start;
	do {
		int n = strlen(p->str);
		if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
			if (p->early) {
				/* Already done in parse_early_param?
				 * (Needs exact match on param part).
				 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
				 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
				if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
					had_early_param = true;
			} else if (!p->setup_func) {
				pr_warn("Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored\n",
					p->str);
				return true;
			} else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
				return true;
		}
		p++;
	} while (p < __setup_end);

	return had_early_param;
}

/*
 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
 */
unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);

static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
{
	console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG;
	return 0;
}

static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
{
	console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET;
	return 0;
}

early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);

static int __init loglevel(char *str)
{
	int newlevel;

	/*
	 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
	 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
	 * are quite hard to debug
	 */
	if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
		console_loglevel = newlevel;
		return 0;
	}

	return -EINVAL;
}

early_param("loglevel", loglevel);

/* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
static int __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val,
				    const char *unused, void *arg)
{
	if (val) {
		/* param=val or param="val"? */
		if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
			val[-1] = '=';
		else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
			val[-2] = '=';
			memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
			val--;
		} else
			BUG();
	}
	return 0;
}

/* Anything after -- gets handed straight to init. */
static int __init set_init_arg(char *param, char *val,
			       const char *unused, void *arg)
{
	unsigned int i;

	if (panic_later)
		return 0;

	repair_env_string(param, val, unused, NULL);

	for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
		if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
			panic_later = "init";
			panic_param = param;
			return 0;
		}
	}
	argv_init[i] = param;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
 */
static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
				     const char *unused, void *arg)
{
	repair_env_string(param, val, unused, NULL);

	/* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
	if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
		return 0;

	/* Unused module parameter. */
	if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
		return 0;

	if (panic_later)
		return 0;

	if (val) {
		/* Environment option */
		unsigned int i;
		for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
			if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
				panic_later = "env";
				panic_param = param;
			}
			if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
				break;
		}
		envp_init[i] = param;
	} else {
		/* Command line option */
		unsigned int i;
		for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
			if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
				panic_later = "init";
				panic_param = param;
			}
		}
		argv_init[i] = param;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int __init init_setup(char *str)
{
	unsigned int i;

	execute_command = str;
	/*
	 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
	 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
	 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
	 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
	 */
	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
		argv_init[i] = NULL;
	return 1;
}
__setup("init=", init_setup);

static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
{
	unsigned int i;

	ramdisk_execute_command = str;
	/* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
		argv_init[i] = NULL;
	return 1;
}
__setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
#endif

/*
 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
 */
static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
{
	size_t len = strlen(boot_command_line) + 1;

	saved_command_line = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
	if (!saved_command_line)
		panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);

	initcall_command_line =	memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
	if (!initcall_command_line)
		panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);

	static_command_line = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
	if (!static_command_line)
		panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);

	strcpy(saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
	strcpy(static_command_line, command_line);
}

/*
 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
 * cpu_idle.
 *
 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
 */

static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);

noinline void __ref rest_init(void)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	int pid;

	rcu_scheduler_starting();
	/*
	 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
	 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
	 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
	 */
	pid = kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS);
	/*
	 * Pin init on the boot CPU. Task migration is not properly working
	 * until sched_init_smp() has been run. It will set the allowed
	 * CPUs for init to the non isolated CPUs.
	 */
	rcu_read_lock();
	tsk = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpumask_of(smp_processor_id()));
	rcu_read_unlock();

	numa_default_policy();
	pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
	rcu_read_lock();
	kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
	rcu_read_unlock();

	/*
	 * Enable might_sleep() and smp_processor_id() checks.
	 * They cannot be enabled earlier because with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y
	 * kernel_thread() would trigger might_sleep() splats. With
	 * CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=y the init task might have scheduled
	 * already, but it's stuck on the kthreadd_done completion.
	 */
	system_state = SYSTEM_SCHEDULING;

	complete(&kthreadd_done);

	/*
	 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
	 * at least once to get things moving:
	 */
	schedule_preempt_disabled();
	/* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
	cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE);
}

/* Check for early params. */
static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val,
				 const char *unused, void *arg)
{
	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;

	for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
		if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
		    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
		     strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
		) {
			if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
				pr_warn("Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
		}
	}
	/* We accept everything at this stage. */
	return 0;
}

void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
{
	parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
		   do_early_param);
}

/* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
void __init parse_early_param(void)
{
	static int done __initdata;
	static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;

	if (done)
		return;

	/* All fall through to do_early_param. */
	strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
	parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
	done = 1;
}

void __init __weak arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(void) { }

void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
{
}

# if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE
void __init __weak thread_stack_cache_init(void)
{
}
#endif

void __init __weak mem_encrypt_init(void) { }

void __init __weak poking_init(void) { }

void __init __weak pgtable_cache_init(void) { }

bool initcall_debug;
core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);

#ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void);
#else
static inline void initcall_debug_enable(void)
{
}
#endif

/* Report memory auto-initialization states for this boot. */
static void __init report_meminit(void)
{
	const char *stack;

	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL))
		stack = "all";
	else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL))
		stack = "byref_all";
	else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF))
		stack = "byref";
	else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_USER))
		stack = "__user";
	else
		stack = "off";

	pr_info("mem auto-init: stack:%s, heap alloc:%s, heap free:%s\n",
		stack, want_init_on_alloc(GFP_KERNEL) ? "on" : "off",
		want_init_on_free() ? "on" : "off");
	if (want_init_on_free())
		pr_info("mem auto-init: clearing system memory may take some time...\n");
}

/*
 * Set up kernel memory allocators
 */
static void __init mm_init(void)
{
	/*
	 * page_ext requires contiguous pages,
	 * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
	 */
	page_ext_init_flatmem();
	report_meminit();
	mem_init();
	kmem_cache_init();
	kmemleak_init();
	pgtable_init();
	debug_objects_mem_init();
	vmalloc_init();
	ioremap_huge_init();
	/* Should be run before the first non-init thread is created */
	init_espfix_bsp();
	/* Should be run after espfix64 is set up. */
	pti_init();
}

void __init __weak arch_call_rest_init(void)
{
	rest_init();
}

asmlinkage __visible void __init start_kernel(void)
{
	char *command_line;
	char *after_dashes;

	set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
	smp_setup_processor_id();
	debug_objects_early_init();

	cgroup_init_early();

	local_irq_disable();
	early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;

	/*
	 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
	 * enable them.
	 */
	boot_cpu_init();
	page_address_init();
	pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);
	early_security_init();
	setup_arch(&command_line);
	setup_command_line(command_line);
	setup_nr_cpu_ids();
	setup_per_cpu_areas();
	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
	boot_cpu_hotplug_init();

	build_all_zonelists(NULL);
	page_alloc_init();

	pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
	/* parameters may set static keys */
	jump_label_init();
	parse_early_param();
	after_dashes = parse_args("Booting kernel",
				  static_command_line, __start___param,
				  __stop___param - __start___param,
				  -1, -1, NULL, &unknown_bootoption);
	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(after_dashes))
		parse_args("Setting init args", after_dashes, NULL, 0, -1, -1,
			   NULL, set_init_arg);

	/*
	 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
	 * kmem_cache_init()
	 */
	setup_log_buf(0);
	vfs_caches_init_early();
	sort_main_extable();
	trap_init();
	mm_init();

	ftrace_init();

	/* trace_printk can be enabled here */
	early_trace_init();

	/*
	 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
	 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
	 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
	 */
	sched_init();
	/*
	 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
	 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
	 */
	preempt_disable();
	if (WARN(!irqs_disabled(),
		 "Interrupts were enabled *very* early, fixing it\n"))
		local_irq_disable();
	radix_tree_init();

	/*
	 * Set up housekeeping before setting up workqueues to allow the unbound
	 * workqueue to take non-housekeeping into account.
	 */
	housekeeping_init();

	/*
	 * Allow workqueue creation and work item queueing/cancelling
	 * early.  Work item execution depends on kthreads and starts after
	 * workqueue_init().
	 */
	workqueue_init_early();

	rcu_init();

	/* Trace events are available after this */
	trace_init();

	if (initcall_debug)
		initcall_debug_enable();

	context_tracking_init();
	/* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
	early_irq_init();
	init_IRQ();
	tick_init();
	rcu_init_nohz();
	init_timers();
	hrtimers_init();
	softirq_init();
	timekeeping_init();

	/*
	 * For best initial stack canary entropy, prepare it after:
	 * - setup_arch() for any UEFI RNG entropy and boot cmdline access
	 * - timekeeping_init() for ktime entropy used in rand_initialize()
	 * - rand_initialize() to get any arch-specific entropy like RDRAND
	 * - add_latent_entropy() to get any latent entropy
	 * - adding command line entropy
	 */
	rand_initialize();
	add_latent_entropy();
	add_device_randomness(command_line, strlen(command_line));
	boot_init_stack_canary();

	time_init();
	printk_safe_init();
	perf_event_init();
	profile_init();
	call_function_init();
	WARN(!irqs_disabled(), "Interrupts were enabled early\n");

	early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
	local_irq_enable();

	kmem_cache_init_late();

	/*
	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
	 */
	console_init();
	if (panic_later)
		panic("Too many boot %s vars at `%s'", panic_later,
		      panic_param);

	lockdep_init();

	/*
	 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
	 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
	 * too:
	 */
	locking_selftest();

	/*
	 * This needs to be called before any devices perform DMA
	 * operations that might use the SWIOTLB bounce buffers. It will
	 * mark the bounce buffers as decrypted so that their usage will
	 * not cause "plain-text" data to be decrypted when accessed.
	 */
	mem_encrypt_init();

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
	    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
		pr_crit("initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.\n",
		    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
		    min_low_pfn);
		initrd_start = 0;
	}
#endif
	setup_per_cpu_pageset();
	numa_policy_init();
	acpi_early_init();
	if (late_time_init)
		late_time_init();
	sched_clock_init();
	calibrate_delay();
	pid_idr_init();
	anon_vma_init();
#ifdef CONFIG_X86
	if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
#endif
	thread_stack_cache_init();
	cred_init();
	fork_init();
	proc_caches_init();
	uts_ns_init();
	buffer_init();
	key_init();
	security_init();
	dbg_late_init();
	vfs_caches_init();
	pagecache_init();
	signals_init();
	seq_file_init();
	proc_root_init();
	nsfs_init();
	cpuset_init();
	cgroup_init();
	taskstats_init_early();
	delayacct_init();

	poking_init();
	check_bugs();

	acpi_subsystem_init();
	arch_post_acpi_subsys_init();
	sfi_init_late();

	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
	arch_call_rest_init();
}

/* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
static void __init do_ctors(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
	ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;

	for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
		(*fn)();
#endif
}

#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
struct blacklist_entry {
	struct list_head next;
	char *buf;
};

static __initdata_or_module LIST_HEAD(blacklisted_initcalls);

static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
{
	char *str_entry;
	struct blacklist_entry *entry;

	/* str argument is a comma-separated list of functions */
	do {
		str_entry = strsep(&str, ",");
		if (str_entry) {
			pr_debug("blacklisting initcall %s\n", str_entry);
			entry = memblock_alloc(sizeof(*entry),
					       SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
			if (!entry)
				panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
				      __func__, sizeof(*entry));
			entry->buf = memblock_alloc(strlen(str_entry) + 1,
						    SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
			if (!entry->buf)
				panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
				      __func__, strlen(str_entry) + 1);
			strcpy(entry->buf, str_entry);
			list_add(&entry->next, &blacklisted_initcalls);
		}
	} while (str_entry);

	return 0;
}

static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
{
	struct blacklist_entry *entry;
	char fn_name[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
	unsigned long addr;

	if (list_empty(&blacklisted_initcalls))
		return false;

	addr = (unsigned long) dereference_function_descriptor(fn);
	sprint_symbol_no_offset(fn_name, addr);

	/*
	 * fn will be "function_name [module_name]" where [module_name] is not
	 * displayed for built-in init functions.  Strip off the [module_name].
	 */
	strreplace(fn_name, ' ', '\0');

	list_for_each_entry(entry, &blacklisted_initcalls, next) {
		if (!strcmp(fn_name, entry->buf)) {
			pr_debug("initcall %s blacklisted\n", fn_name);
			return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}
#else
static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
{
	pr_warn("initcall_blacklist requires CONFIG_KALLSYMS\n");
	return 0;
}

static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
{
	return false;
}
#endif
__setup("initcall_blacklist=", initcall_blacklist);

static __init_or_module void
trace_initcall_start_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn)
{
	ktime_t *calltime = (ktime_t *)data;

	printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling  %pS @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
	*calltime = ktime_get();
}

static __init_or_module void
trace_initcall_finish_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn, int ret)
{
	ktime_t *calltime = (ktime_t *)data;
	ktime_t delta, rettime;
	unsigned long long duration;

	rettime = ktime_get();
	delta = ktime_sub(rettime, *calltime);
	duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
	printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pS returned %d after %lld usecs\n",
		 fn, ret, duration);
}

static ktime_t initcall_calltime;

#ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void)
{
	int ret;

	ret = register_trace_initcall_start(trace_initcall_start_cb,
					    &initcall_calltime);
	ret |= register_trace_initcall_finish(trace_initcall_finish_cb,
					      &initcall_calltime);
	WARN(ret, "Failed to register initcall tracepoints\n");
}
# define do_trace_initcall_start	trace_initcall_start
# define do_trace_initcall_finish	trace_initcall_finish
#else
static inline void do_trace_initcall_start(initcall_t fn)
{
	if (!initcall_debug)
		return;
	trace_initcall_start_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn);
}
static inline void do_trace_initcall_finish(initcall_t fn, int ret)
{
	if (!initcall_debug)
		return;
	trace_initcall_finish_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn, ret);
}
#endif /* !TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED */

int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
{
	int count = preempt_count();
	char msgbuf[64];
	int ret;

	if (initcall_blacklisted(fn))
		return -EPERM;

	do_trace_initcall_start(fn);
	ret = fn();
	do_trace_initcall_finish(fn, ret);

	msgbuf[0] = 0;

	if (preempt_count() != count) {
		sprintf(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ");
		preempt_count_set(count);
	}
	if (irqs_disabled()) {
		strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
		local_irq_enable();
	}
	WARN(msgbuf[0], "initcall %pS returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);

	add_latent_entropy();
	return ret;
}


extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_start[];
extern initcall_entry_t __initcall0_start[];
extern initcall_entry_t __initcall1_start[];
extern initcall_entry_t __initcall2_start[];
extern initcall_entry_t __initcall3_start[];
extern initcall_entry_t __initcall4_start[];
extern initcall_entry_t __initcall5_start[];
extern initcall_entry_t __initcall6_start[];
extern initcall_entry_t __initcall7_start[];
extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_end[];

static initcall_entry_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {
	__initcall0_start,
	__initcall1_start,
	__initcall2_start,
	__initcall3_start,
	__initcall4_start,
	__initcall5_start,
	__initcall6_start,
	__initcall7_start,
	__initcall_end,
};

/* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */
static const char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {
	"pure",
	"core",
	"postcore",
	"arch",
	"subsys",
	"fs",
	"device",
	"late",
};

static void __init do_initcall_level(int level)
{
	initcall_entry_t *fn;

	strcpy(initcall_command_line, saved_command_line);
	parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],
		   initcall_command_line, __start___param,
		   __stop___param - __start___param,
		   level, level,
		   NULL, &repair_env_string);

	trace_initcall_level(initcall_level_names[level]);
	for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)
		do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
}

static void __init do_initcalls(void)
{
	int level;

	for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++)
		do_initcall_level(level);
}

/*
 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
 * running, and memory and process management works.
 *
 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
 */
static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
{
	cpuset_init_smp();
	driver_init();
	init_irq_proc();
	do_ctors();
	usermodehelper_enable();
	do_initcalls();
}

static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
{
	initcall_entry_t *fn;

	trace_initcall_level("early");
	for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)
		do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
}

static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
{
	argv_init[0] = init_filename;
	pr_info("Run %s as init process\n", init_filename);
	return do_execve(getname_kernel(init_filename),
		(const char __user *const __user *)argv_init,
		(const char __user *const __user *)envp_init);
}

static int try_to_run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
{
	int ret;

	ret = run_init_process(init_filename);

	if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
		pr_err("Starting init: %s exists but couldn't execute it (error %d)\n",
		       init_filename, ret);
	}

	return ret;
}

static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void);

#if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) || defined(CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX)
bool rodata_enabled __ro_after_init = true;
static int __init set_debug_rodata(char *str)
{
	return strtobool(str, &rodata_enabled);
}
__setup("rodata=", set_debug_rodata);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
static void mark_readonly(void)
{
	if (rodata_enabled) {
		/*
		 * load_module() results in W+X mappings, which are cleaned
		 * up with call_rcu().  Let's make sure that queued work is
		 * flushed so that we don't hit false positives looking for
		 * insecure pages which are W+X.
		 */
		rcu_barrier();
		mark_rodata_ro();
		rodata_test();
	} else
		pr_info("Kernel memory protection disabled.\n");
}
#else
static inline void mark_readonly(void)
{
	pr_warn("This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.\n");
}
#endif

void __weak free_initmem(void)
{
	free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM);
}

static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
{
	int ret;

	kernel_init_freeable();
	/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
	async_synchronize_full();
	ftrace_free_init_mem();
	free_initmem();
	mark_readonly();

	/*
	 * Kernel mappings are now finalized - update the userspace page-table
	 * to finalize PTI.
	 */
	pti_finalize();

	system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
	numa_default_policy();

	rcu_end_inkernel_boot();

	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
		ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
		if (!ret)
			return 0;
		pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n",
		       ramdisk_execute_command, ret);
	}

	/*
	 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
	 *
	 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
	 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
	 */
	if (execute_command) {
		ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
		if (!ret)
			return 0;
		panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
		      execute_command, ret);
	}
	if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
	    !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
	    !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
	    !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
		return 0;

	panic("No working init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
	      "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.");
}

void console_on_rootfs(void)
{
	/* Open the /dev/console as stdin, this should never fail */
	if (ksys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
		pr_err("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");

	/* create stdout/stderr */
	(void) ksys_dup(0);
	(void) ksys_dup(0);
}

static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)
{
	/*
	 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
	 */
	wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);

	/* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
	gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;

	/*
	 * init can allocate pages on any node
	 */
	set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);

	cad_pid = task_pid(current);

	smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);

	workqueue_init();

	init_mm_internals();

	do_pre_smp_initcalls();
	lockup_detector_init();

	smp_init();
	sched_init_smp();

	page_alloc_init_late();
	/* Initialize page ext after all struct pages are initialized. */
	page_ext_init();

	do_basic_setup();

	console_on_rootfs();

	/*
	 * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
	 * the work
	 */

	if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
		ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";

	if (ksys_access((const char __user *)
			ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
		ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
		prepare_namespace();
	}

	/*
	 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
	 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
	 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
	 *
	 * rootfs is available now, try loading the public keys
	 * and default modules
	 */

	integrity_load_keys();
}