rust: debugfs: Add support for callback-based files

Extends the `debugfs` API to support creating files with content
generated and updated by callbacks. This is done via the
`read_callback_file`, `write_callback_file`, and
`read_write_callback_file` methods.

These methods allow for more flexible file definition, either because
the type already has a `Writer` or `Reader` method that doesn't
do what you'd like, or because you cannot implement it (e.g. because
it's a type defined in another crate or a primitive type).

Signed-off-by: Matthew Maurer <mmaurer@google.com>
Tested-by: Dirk Behme <dirk.behme@de.bosch.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250904-debugfs-rust-v11-4-7d12a165685a@google.com
[ Fix up Result<(), Error> -> Result. - Danilo ]
Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>

3 files changed, 219 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/rust/kernel/debugfs.rs b/rust/kernel/debugfs.rs
index 5d77e0cd393c..34c991d138a7 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/debugfs.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/debugfs.rs
@@ -12,12 +12,16 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 use crate::str::CStr;
 #[cfg(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)]
 use crate::sync::Arc;
+use crate::uaccess::UserSliceReader;
+use core::fmt;
 use core::marker::PhantomPinned;
 use core::ops::Deref;
 
 mod traits;
 pub use traits::{Reader, Writer};
 
+mod callback_adapters;
+use callback_adapters::{FormatAdapter, NoWriter, WritableAdapter};
 mod file_ops;
 use file_ops::{FileOps, ReadFile, ReadWriteFile, WriteFile};
 #[cfg(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)]
@@ -143,6 +147,46 @@ impl Dir {
         self.create_file(name, data, file_ops)
     }
 
+    /// Creates a read-only file in this directory, with contents from a callback.
+    ///
+    /// `f` must be a function item or a non-capturing closure.
+    /// This is statically asserted and not a safety requirement.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
+    /// # use kernel::c_str;
+    /// # use kernel::debugfs::Dir;
+    /// # use kernel::prelude::*;
+    /// # let dir = Dir::new(c_str!("foo"));
+    /// let file = KBox::pin_init(
+    ///     dir.read_callback_file(c_str!("bar"),
+    ///     AtomicU32::new(3),
+    ///     &|val, f| {
+    ///       let out = val.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+    ///       writeln!(f, "{out:#010x}")
+    ///     }),
+    ///     GFP_KERNEL)?;
+    /// // Reading "foo/bar" will show "0x00000003".
+    /// file.store(10, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    /// // Reading "foo/bar" will now show "0x0000000a".
+    /// # Ok::<(), Error>(())
+    /// ```
+    pub fn read_callback_file<'a, T, E: 'a, F>(
+        &'a self,
+        name: &'a CStr,
+        data: impl PinInit<T, E> + 'a,
+        _f: &'static F,
+    ) -> impl PinInit<File<T>, E> + 'a
+    where
+        T: Send + Sync + 'static,
+        F: Fn(&T, &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result + Send + Sync,
+    {
+        let file_ops = <FormatAdapter<T, F>>::FILE_OPS.adapt();
+        self.create_file(name, data, file_ops)
+    }
+
     /// Creates a read-write file in this directory.
     ///
     /// Reading the file uses the [`Writer`] implementation.
@@ -159,6 +203,31 @@ impl Dir {
         self.create_file(name, data, file_ops)
     }
 
+    /// Creates a read-write file in this directory, with logic from callbacks.
+    ///
+    /// Reading from the file is handled by `f`. Writing to the file is handled by `w`.
+    ///
+    /// `f` and `w` must be function items or non-capturing closures.
+    /// This is statically asserted and not a safety requirement.
+    pub fn read_write_callback_file<'a, T, E: 'a, F, W>(
+        &'a self,
+        name: &'a CStr,
+        data: impl PinInit<T, E> + 'a,
+        _f: &'static F,
+        _w: &'static W,
+    ) -> impl PinInit<File<T>, E> + 'a
+    where
+        T: Send + Sync + 'static,
+        F: Fn(&T, &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result + Send + Sync,
+        W: Fn(&T, &mut UserSliceReader) -> Result + Send + Sync,
+    {
+        let file_ops =
+            <WritableAdapter<FormatAdapter<T, F>, W> as file_ops::ReadWriteFile<_>>::FILE_OPS
+                .adapt()
+                .adapt();
+        self.create_file(name, data, file_ops)
+    }
+
     /// Creates a write-only file in this directory.
     ///
     /// The file owns its backing data. Writing to the file uses the [`Reader`]
@@ -175,6 +244,26 @@ impl Dir {
     {
         self.create_file(name, data, &T::FILE_OPS)
     }
+
+    /// Creates a write-only file in this directory, with write logic from a callback.
+    ///
+    /// `w` must be a function item or a non-capturing closure.
+    /// This is statically asserted and not a safety requirement.
+    pub fn write_callback_file<'a, T, E: 'a, W>(
+        &'a self,
+        name: &'a CStr,
+        data: impl PinInit<T, E> + 'a,
+        _w: &'static W,
+    ) -> impl PinInit<File<T>, E> + 'a
+    where
+        T: Send + Sync + 'static,
+        W: Fn(&T, &mut UserSliceReader) -> Result + Send + Sync,
+    {
+        let file_ops = <WritableAdapter<NoWriter<T>, W> as WriteFile<_>>::FILE_OPS
+            .adapt()
+            .adapt();
+        self.create_file(name, data, file_ops)
+    }
 }
 
 #[pin_data]
diff --git a/rust/kernel/debugfs/callback_adapters.rs b/rust/kernel/debugfs/callback_adapters.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6c024230f676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/kernel/debugfs/callback_adapters.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+// Copyright (C) 2025 Google LLC.
+
+//! Adapters which allow the user to supply a write or read implementation as a value rather
+//! than a trait implementation. If provided, it will override the trait implementation.
+
+use super::{Reader, Writer};
+use crate::prelude::*;
+use crate::uaccess::UserSliceReader;
+use core::fmt;
+use core::fmt::Formatter;
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+use core::ops::Deref;
+
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// To implement this trait, it must be safe to cast a `&Self` to a `&Inner`.
+/// It is intended for use in unstacking adapters out of `FileOps` backings.
+pub(crate) unsafe trait Adapter {
+    type Inner;
+}
+
+/// Adapter to implement `Reader` via a callback with the same representation as `T`.
+///
+/// * Layer it on top of `WriterAdapter` if you want to add a custom callback for `write`.
+/// * Layer it on top of `NoWriter` to pass through any support present on the underlying type.
+///
+/// # Invariants
+///
+/// If an instance for `WritableAdapter<_, W>` is constructed, `W` is inhabited.
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub(crate) struct WritableAdapter<D, W> {
+    inner: D,
+    _writer: PhantomData<W>,
+}
+
+// SAFETY: Stripping off the adapter only removes constraints
+unsafe impl<D, W> Adapter for WritableAdapter<D, W> {
+    type Inner = D;
+}
+
+impl<D: Writer, W> Writer for WritableAdapter<D, W> {
+    fn write(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.inner.write(fmt)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<D: Deref, W> Reader for WritableAdapter<D, W>
+where
+    W: Fn(&D::Target, &mut UserSliceReader) -> Result + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    fn read_from_slice(&self, reader: &mut UserSliceReader) -> Result {
+        // SAFETY: WritableAdapter<_, W> can only be constructed if W is inhabited
+        let w: &W = unsafe { materialize_zst() };
+        w(self.inner.deref(), reader)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Adapter to implement `Writer` via a callback with the same representation as `T`.
+///
+/// # Invariants
+///
+/// If an instance for `FormatAdapter<_, F>` is constructed, `F` is inhabited.
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub(crate) struct FormatAdapter<D, F> {
+    inner: D,
+    _formatter: PhantomData<F>,
+}
+
+impl<D, F> Deref for FormatAdapter<D, F> {
+    type Target = D;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &D {
+        &self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl<D, F> Writer for FormatAdapter<D, F>
+where
+    F: Fn(&D, &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result + 'static,
+{
+    fn write(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        // SAFETY: FormatAdapter<_, F> can only be constructed if F is inhabited
+        let f: &F = unsafe { materialize_zst() };
+        f(&self.inner, fmt)
+    }
+}
+
+// SAFETY: Stripping off the adapter only removes constraints
+unsafe impl<D, F> Adapter for FormatAdapter<D, F> {
+    type Inner = D;
+}
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub(crate) struct NoWriter<D> {
+    inner: D,
+}
+
+// SAFETY: Stripping off the adapter only removes constraints
+unsafe impl<D> Adapter for NoWriter<D> {
+    type Inner = D;
+}
+
+impl<D> Deref for NoWriter<D> {
+    type Target = D;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &D {
+        &self.inner
+    }
+}
+
+/// For types with a unique value, produce a static reference to it.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// The caller asserts that F is inhabited
+unsafe fn materialize_zst<F>() -> &'static F {
+    const { assert!(core::mem::size_of::<F>() == 0) };
+    let zst_dangle: core::ptr::NonNull<F> = core::ptr::NonNull::dangling();
+    // SAFETY: While the pointer is dangling, it is a dangling pointer to a ZST, based on the
+    // assertion above. The type is also inhabited, by the caller's assertion. This means
+    // we can materialize it.
+    unsafe { zst_dangle.as_ref() }
+}
diff --git a/rust/kernel/debugfs/file_ops.rs b/rust/kernel/debugfs/file_ops.rs
index 2060c8d14d83..50fead17b6f3 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/debugfs/file_ops.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/debugfs/file_ops.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2025 Google LLC.
 
 use super::{Reader, Writer};
+use crate::debugfs::callback_adapters::Adapter;
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use crate::seq_file::SeqFile;
 use crate::seq_print;
@@ -46,6 +47,13 @@ impl<T> FileOps<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<T: Adapter> FileOps<T> {
+    pub(super) const fn adapt(&self) -> &FileOps<T::Inner> {
+        // SAFETY: `Adapter` asserts that `T` can be legally cast to `T::Inner`.
+        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(self) }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)]
 impl<T> Deref for FileOps<T> {
     type Target = bindings::file_operations;